Patent Abstract:
Controlling ejection of ink drops with a less number of temperature sensors than the number of print heads. 
     The present invention is an printing apparatus for printing by ejecting ink drops onto a print medium. The printing apparatus comprises N print heads, M temperature sensors, and an ejection controller. M temperature sensors are allocated in the printing apparatus. An ejection controller is configured to control the ejection of he ink drops from at least part of the N print heads in response to an output of the M temperature sensors. The integer M is smaller than the integer N.

Full Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a printing technique for forming dots on a printing medium with multiple print heads. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Color printers that make several color inks ejected from a print head to form ink dots on a printing medium have become widely used. High-speed printing apparatuses with multiple print heads have also been proposed. One proposed technique for the improved printing quality equips a temperature sensor to each print head to reduce variations in size and ejecting position of ink drops, due to a temperature variation among the print heads. 
     The increase in number of print heads used for printing causes an increase in number of working temperature sensors. The temperature may, however, not be varied among all the print heads, but some print heads may have a substantially similar temperature. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The object of the present invention is thus to solve the drawback of the prior art technique and to provide a technique of controlling ejection of ink drops with a less number of temperature sensors than the number of print heads. 
     In order to attain the above and the other objects of the present invention, there is provided an printing apparatus for printing by ejecting ink drops onto a print medium. The printing apparatus comprises N print heads, M temperature sensors, and an ejection controller. The N print heads have a nozzle array including a plurality of nozzles for ejecting at least one color of same ink. N is an integer of at least two. The M temperature sensors are allocated in the printing apparatus. M is an integer of at least one. The ejection controller configured to control the ejection of the ink drops from at least part of the N print heads in response to an output of the M temperature sensors. The integer M is smaller than the integer N. 
     The printing apparatus of the present invention uses the less number of temperature sensors than the number of print heads to control ejection of ink drops in response to the temperature variation among the print heads. This arrangement implements the control by the simpler structure than the prior art structure where a temperature sensor is attached to each print head. 
     In one preferable arrangement of the printing apparatus, the ejection controller is configured to control the ejection of the ink drops in order to compensate for a variation in ejection of the ink drops due to a temperature variation of the N print heads. 
     This arrangement desirably compensates for the variation in ejection of ink drops due to the temperature variation among the print heads. The variation in ejection of ink drops due to the temperature variation among the print heads is, for example, a variation in size of ink drops or a variation in ejecting position of ink drops. 
     In another preferable arrangement of the printing apparatus, the ejection controller is configured to stop the ejection of ink drops from the N print heads, when output of at least part of the M temperature sensors exceed a specific value representing a preset temperature. 
     This arrangement effectively prevents any significant deterioration of the printing quality due to the temperature variation among the print heads, and desirably protects the printing apparatus from the severe hot environment. 
     In one preferable embodiment of the printing apparatus, the nozzle array has a plurality of ejection drive elements for ejecting ink drops from the plurality of nozzles. The ejection controller comprises: an original drive signal generator configured to generate an original drive signal for driving the ejection drive elements; and an original drive waveform generator configured to generate an original drive waveform which is a waveform of the original drive signal. The original drive waveform generator determines the original drive waveform to be supplied to at least part of the N print heads, in response to the output of the M temperature sensors. 
     This arrangement generates a driving signal according to the properties of each print head, thus attaining fine control. 
     In one preferable application, the printing apparatus has a plurality of print modes of different printing resolutions and is capable of selecting one of the plurality of print modes for printing. The ejection controller controls the ejection of ink drops from at least part of the N print heads in response to the output of the M temperature sensors and the selected print mode. 
     This arrangement controls ejection of ink drops from the multiple print heads according to the output of the temperature sensors and the selected print mode, instead of the output of the temperature sensors alone, thus ensuring optimum adjustment for each printing resolution. 
     In one preferable arrangement of the printing apparatus, the N print heads are located at a plurality of positions of different elevations in an operation of the printing apparatus. The temperature sensor is disposed on at least one of the plurality of positions of different elevations. 
     When the multiple print heads are located at the multiple positions of different elevations in the working state of the printing apparatus, a heat pool may be present at a high position to increase the temperature variation among the print heads. The technique of the invention accordingly has significant effects on this structure. 
     In the case where the printing apparatus has only one temperature sensor, it is preferable that the temperature sensor is disposed at a highest position among the plurality of positions of different elevations. 
     In another preferable arrangement of the printing apparatus, the N print heads are located at a plurality of positions of different elevations in an operation of the printing apparatus. A print head having a relatively high ink ejection speed in the case of ejecting an ink drop of a same weight at a same temperature is located at a relatively high position. 
     This arrangement enhances the hitting accuracy of the ink drop, simultaneously with compensation for the quantity of ink ejection. 
     In another preferable embodiment of the printing apparatus, each print head has three nozzle arrays for ejecting at least three inks of cyan, magenta, and yellow. The three nozzle arrays are restricted such that variations in driving voltages for ejecting an ink drop of a same weight at a same temperature within a preset allowable range. 
     A second application of the present invention is directed to a printing apparatus for printing by ejecting ink drops onto a print medium. The printing apparatus comprises a plurality of print heads, a plurality of temperature sensors, and an ejection controller. The plurality of print heads have a nozzle array including a plurality of nozzles for ejecting at least one color of same ink. The plurality of temperature sensors are allocated in the printing apparatus. The ejection controller are configured to control the ejection of the ink drops from at least part of the plurality of print heads in response to an output of the plurality of temperature sensors in order to compensate for a variation in ejection of the ink drops due to a temperature variation of the plurality of print heads. The plurality of print heads are located at a plurality of positions of different elevations in an operation of the printing apparatus. The print head have a relatively high ink ejection speed in the case of ejecting an ink drop of a same weight at a same temperature is located at a relatively high position. 
     In the printing apparatus of this application, it is preferable that the print head having a relatively high driving voltage for ejecting an ink drop of a fixed weight at a fixed temperature is regarded as the print head having a relatively high ejection speed of the ink drop and is located at the relatively high position. 
     This arrangement allows for easy application of the invention without measuring the ink ejection speed. 
     The printing apparatus may have a cleaning unit that carries out cleaning of the multiple nozzles with regard to each print head. In this configuration, the cleaning unit is preferably designed to specify a cleaning process of each print head according to the output of the temperature sensor. 
     A third application of the present invention is directed to a printing apparatus for printing by ejecting ink drops onto a print medium. The printing apparatus comprises N print heads and M temperature sensors. N print heads have a nozzle array including a plurality of nozzles for ejecting at least one color of same ink. N is an integer of at least two. M temperature sensors are allocated in the printing apparatus. M is an integer of at least one. The integer M is smaller than the integer N. The printing apparatus is configured to stop the ejection of ink drops from the N print heads, when output of at least part of the M temperature sensors exceeds a specific value representing a preset temperature. 
     This arrangement effectively prevents any significant deterioration of the printing quality due to the temperature variation among the print heads, and desirably protects the printing apparatus from the severe hot environment. 
     The printing apparatus may be arranged to stop the printing when at least a preset number of temperature sensors have the output exceeding the specific value. 
     The technique of the inventions may be actualized by a variety of other applications, for example, a printing method. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view schematically illustrating the structure of a color printer  20  in one embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  is an explanatory view illustrating the structure of a printing unit  22 ; 
         FIG. 3  is a partial sectional view illustrating the printing unit  22  including a carriage  30 ; 
         FIG. 4  is an explanatory view schematically showing the carriage  30 ; 
         FIG. 5  is an explanatory view showing a bottom face of a print head  28   a;    
         FIG. 6  is an explanatory view showing the primary structure of head driving circuits  52   a ,  52   b , and  52   f  in the first embodiment of the invention; 
         FIGS. 7A and 7B  are explanatory views showing original drive waveforms W 1   a , W 2   a , and W 3   a  generable by an original drive signal generator  220   a;    
         FIG. 8  is an explanatory view showing the relation between the location in a print head assembly  28  and the temperature; 
         FIG. 9  is an explanatory view showing two curves CRV 28   a  and CRV 28   e  respectively representing the relations between the driving voltages of print heads  28   a  and  28   e  and the ink ejection speed; 
         FIGS. 10A and 10B  are explanatory views showing a difference in ink ejection speed between the print heads  28   a  and  28   e , when the print head  28   a  is located at a higher position than the print head  28   e ; and 
         FIGS. 11A and 11B  are explanatory views showing a difference in ink ejection speed between the print heads  28   a  and  28   e , when the print head  28   a  is located at a lower position than the print head  28   e.    
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The present invention is explained in the following sequence based on embodiments.
     A. Outline of Apparatus   B. First Embodiment of the Invention   C. Second Embodiment of the Invention   D. Modifications   

     A. Outline of Apparatus 
       FIG. 1  is a perspective view schematically illustrating the structure of a color printer  20  in one embodiment of the present invention. The color printer  20  is suitably used for relatively large-sized printing paper P, such as size A 0  or B 0  paper in conformity with the JIS standards (Japanese Industrial Standards) or roll paper. The printing paper P is fed from a paper feed unit  21  to a printing unit  22 . The printing unit  22  ejects ink for printing on the fed printing paper P and delivers the printing paper P with the print to a paper delivery unit  25 . 
     The paper feed unit  21  has a roll paper holder  27  on which roll paper as the printing paper P is settable. The roll paper holder  27  is held by two support columns  26  of the color printer  20 . The paper delivery unit  25  has a windup holder  23 , on which the roll paper is windable. Like the roll paper holder  27 , the windup holder  23  is held by the two support columns  26  and is rotatable by a non-illustrated drive unit. 
       FIG. 2  is an explanatory view illustrating the structure of the printing unit  22 . The printing unit  22  has a carriage  30 , on which multiple print heads discussed later are mounted. The carriage  30  is linked with a drive belt  101  actuated by a carriage motor  24 , and is guided by a main scan guide member  102  to be movable in a main scan direction. 
     In the color printer  20  having the hardware construction discussed above, while the paper P is fed via the windup holder  23 , the carriage  30  is reciprocated by the carriage motor  24 . Simultaneously, ejection drive elements of print heads, which will be discussed later, are actuated to eject ink drops of the respective color inks and form ink dots, thus forming a multi-color, multi-tone image on the printing paper P. 
     B. First Embodiment of the Invention 
       FIG. 3  is a partial sectional view illustrating the printing unit  22  including the carriage  30  in the first embodiment of the present invention. The printing paper P fed from the paper feed unit  21  ( FIG. 1 ) is subjected to printing on a printing stage  108 , which is located between a paper feed guide assembly  61  and a paper delivery guide assembly  65 , and is wound up onto the windup holder  23 . The printing stage  108  is arranged in an inclined manner to face the carriage  30 . 
     The paper feed guide assembly  61  has a paper feed guide  105  that guides the printing paper P toward the printing stage  108 , on which ink ejection is carried out, and two paper feed rollers  106  and a driven roller  107  to hold the printing paper P between them. The paper delivery guide assembly  65  has a paper delivery guide  109  that guides the printing paper P away from the printing stage  108  and a paper delivery roller  110 . 
     The carriage  30  has two-stepped sub tank plates  30 A and  30 B. Multiple sub tanks  3  are mounted on each of the sub tank plates  30 A and  30 B. Each of the sub tanks  3  is connected to an ink supply conduit  5  via a valve  4 . The ink supply conduit  5  is connected with each of multiple print heads  28   a ,  28   b , . . . ,  28   t . An ink supply path  103  ( FIG. 2 ) connects each sub tank  3  with a main tank  9 . The main tank  9  stores six different color inks, black K, cyan C, light cyan LC, magenta M, light magenta LM, and yellow Y ejected from the multiple print heads  28   a ,  28   b , . . .  28   t . Temperatures sensors  29   a ,  29   b , . . .  29   e  are discussed later. 
       FIG. 4  is a view showing the carriage  30  in a direction of an arrow A ( FIG. 3 ). The carriage  30  includes a print head assembly  28  consisting of the multiple print heads  28   a ,  28   b , . . .  28   t . The temperature sensors  29   a ,  29   b , . . . ,  29   e  are attached respectively to the print heads  28   a ,  28   b , . . . ,  28   e  in the print head assembly  28 . 
     Attachment of the temperature sensors  29   a ,  29   b , . . . ,  29   e  to only the print heads  28   a ,  28   b , . . . ,  28   e  aligned in a sub-scan direction is ascribed to the expectation that there is a significant temperature variation in the sub-scan direction but there is a negligibly small temperature variation in a main scan direction. A significant temperature variation in the sub-scan direction is expected, since the air warmed by the working print heads tends to flow up to make the temperature of the print head  28   a  higher than the temperature of the print head  28   e . A small temperature variation in the main scan direction is expected, on the other hand, since the carriage  30  continually moves back and forth in the main scan direction at a high speed in the course of printing. The expression ‘negligibly small temperature variation’ means that the temperature variation is of the small level and hardly affects the quantity of ink ejection. 
       FIG. 5  is an explanatory view showing a bottom face of the print head  28   a . The print head  28   a  has three nozzle plates  2   a ,  2   b , and  2   c . Two nozzle arrays, which are capable of ejecting different inks, are provided on the lower face of each nozzle plate. The print head  28   a  thus totally has six nozzle arrays. The six color inks, black (K), cyan (C), light cyan (LC), magenta (M), light magenta (LM), and yellow (Y), are ejected respectively from the nozzles on the six nozzle arrays. All the print heads  28   a ,  28   b , . . . ,  28   t  have an identical structure. 
     Each nozzle has a piezoelectric element(discussed later) as an ejection drive element to make ink drops ejected from each nozzle. In the course of printing, ink drops are ejected from the respective nozzles, while the print head assembly  28  moves in the main scan direction. 
       FIG. 6  is an explanatory view showing the primary structure of head driving circuits  52   a ,  52   b , and  52   f  in the first embodiment of the invention. The head driving circuits  52   a ,  52   b , and  52   f  drive piezoelectric elements PE included in the corresponding print heads  28   a ,  28   b , and  28   f  for ink ejection. A temperature measurement unit  230  is connected to the head driving circuits  52   a ,  52   b , and  52   f . This explanatory view shows only part of a group of head driving circuits  52   a ,  52   b , . . . ,  52   t  that respectively drive the print heads  28   a ,  28   b ,  28   t.    
     The head driving circuit  52   a  includes an original drive signal generator  220   a  and plural mask circuits  222 . The original drive signal generator  220   a  generates an original drive signal COMDRVa, which is shared by multiple nozzles included in the print head  28   a , and supplies the generated original drive signal COMDRVa to the plural mask circuits  222 . The original drive signal COMDRVa functions to drive the piezoelectric elements PE for ink ejection. The plural mask circuits  222  are provided corresponding to respective nozzles # 1 , # 2 , . . . , on the print head  28   a . Similarly, each of the other head driving circuits  52   b  and  52   f  includes an original drive signal generator  220   b  or  220   f  and plural mask circuits  222 . 
     For example, actuation of an i-th nozzle on the print head  28   a  is controlled in response to a print signal PRT(i) in the following manner. An i-th mask circuit  222  provided corresponding to the i-th nozzle controls on/off the original drive signal COMDRVa according to the level of the serial print signal PRT(i) for the i-th nozzle. The mask circuit  222  allows passage of the original drive signal COMDRVa at a level ‘1’ of the print signal PRT(i); while blocking passage of the original drive signal COMDRVa at a level ‘0’ of the print signal PRT(i). 
       FIGS. 7A and 7B  are explanatory views showing multiple original drive waveforms generable by the original drive signal generator  220   a .  FIG. 7A  is an explanatory view showing original drive waveforms W 1   a , W 2   a , and W 3   a  generated by the original drive signal generator  220   a  to be available for the drive of the print head  28   a . The original drive signal COMDRVa is generated by successively outputting selected waveforms among the original drive waveforms W 1   a , W 2   a , and W 3   a . The original drive waveforms W 1   a , W 2   a , and W 3   a  have mutually different amplitudes (voltages). Voltages V 1   a , V 2   a , and V 3   a  are set respectively to peak voltages of the original drive waveforms W 1   a , W 2   a , and W 3   a.    
       FIG. 7B  is an explanatory view showing a method of setting the peak voltages, V 1   a , V 2   a , and V 3   a . The peak voltages V 1   a , V 2   a , and V 3   a  are set according to the characteristics of the print head  28   a , to which the original drive signal COMDRVa is supplied. The procedure determines the settings to make the quantities of ink ejection from the print head  28   a  substantially equal to a preset reference value Ai at three reference temperatures t 1 , t 2 , and t 3 . For example, at the reference temperature t 1 , the peak voltage V 1   a  is set to make the quantity of ink ejection substantially equal to the preset reference value Ai. Similarly the peak voltages V 2   a  and V 3   a  are set at the reference temperatures t 1  and t 2 , respectively. The three reference temperatures t 1 , t 2 , and t 3  are commonly used as criteria for all the print heads in the print head assembly  28 . 
     These settings generate a resulting driving signal DRV, such that the quantity of ink ejection by actuation of the print head  28   a  with the original drive waveform W 1   a  is substantially equal to the quantity of ink ejection by actuation of the print head  28   b  with an original drive waveform W 1   b  (that is, the reference value Ai), for example, at the reference temperature t 1 . 
       FIG. 8  is an explanatory view showing the relation between the location in the print head assembly  28  and the temperature. The abscissa of this graph shows a location L in the print head assembly  28  on the carriage  30  (see  FIGS. 3 and 4 ). For the simplicity of illustration, the print heads  28   g  to  28   t  are omitted. 
     Observed temperatures of the respective print heads  28   a  to  28   f  are plotted on the ordinate of  FIG. 8 . A maximum temperature tmax represents an expected highest operation temperature of the respective print heads  28   a  to  28   f  in the color printer  20 . A minimum temperature tmin represents an expected lowest operation temperature of the respective print heads  28   a  to  28   f  in the color printer  20 . It is expected that the color printer  20  is used for printing in a working temperature range between the minimum temperature tmin and the maximum temperature tmax. 
     The working temperature range is divided into three temperature zones Z 1 , Z 2 , and Z 3 . The temperature zones Z 1 , Z 2 , and Z 3  are set as criteria for selection of the original drive waveforms. For example, in the case of the print head  28   a , the three temperature zones Z 1 , Z 2 , and Z 3  respectively correspond to the original drive waveforms W 1   a , W 2   a , and W 3   a . In the illustrated example, the observed temperature of the print head  28   a  is included in the temperature zone Z 3 , so that the, original drive waveform W 3   a  is selected among the original drive waveforms W 1   a , W 2   a , and W 3   a.    
     The details of this selection process are discussed. The temperature sensor  29   a  ( FIG. 6 ) attached to the print head  28   a  generates an electric signal according to the temperature of the print head  28   a  and outputs the electric signal to the temperature measurement unit  230 . The temperature measurement unit  230  actually measures the temperature of the print head  28   a  in response to this electric signal and inputs the observed temperature into an original drive waveform generator  221   a . The original drive waveform generator  221   a  specifies one of the temperature zones Z 1 , Z 2 , and Z 3 , in which the input observed temperature is included, and selects a corresponding original drive waveform among the original drive waveforms W 1   a , W 2   a , and W 3   a.    
     The original drive signal is selected for the print head  28   f  without the temperature sensor according to the following procedure. The temperature measurement unit  230  creates an approximate curve CRV according to the outputs of the respective temperature sensors  29   a  to  29   e  ( FIG. 6 ) attached to the print heads  28   a  to  28   e . The temperature of the print head  28   f  is estimated from the approximate curve CRV and a location Lf of the print head  28   f  on the carriage  30 . An original drive waveform generator  221   f  specifies one of the temperature zones Z 1 , Z 2 , and Z 3 , in which the estimated temperature input from the temperature measurement unit  230  is included, and selects a corresponding original drive waveform among original drive waveforms W 1   f , W 2   f , and W 3   f  (not shown). In the illustrated example, the original drive waveform W 3   f  is selected. 
     The arrangement of this embodiment estimates the temperature of each print head without the temperature sensor and thereby enables the less number of temperature sensors than the number of print heads to effectively compensate for a variation in ejection of ink drops, due to a temperature variation. The temperature measurement unit  230 , the group of original drive signal generators  220 , and the plural mask circuits  222  function as the ‘ejection controller’ of the claims. 
     C. Second Embodiment of the Invention 
       FIGS. 9 through 11B  are explanatory views showing a method of preventing a variation of the ink ejection speed in the print head assembly  28  in a second embodiment of the invention. This method adequately selects the locations of the respective print heads  28   a  through  28   t  on the carriage  30  to prevent the variation of the ink ejection speed. The variation of the ink ejection speed in the print head assembly  28  is ascribed to the different properties of the respective print heads included in the print head assembly  28 . 
       FIG. 9  is an explanatory view showing two curves CRV 28   a  and CRV 28   e  respectively representing the relations between the driving voltages of the print heads  28   a  and  28   e  and the ink ejection speed. The two curves CRV 28   a  and CRV 28   e  are created by making ink drops ejected from the respective print heads  28   a  and  28   e  and joining the plots of the observed ejection speeds of the ink drops. In the case of the print head  28   a , for example, the original drive waveforms W 1   a , W 2   a , and W 3   a  are used for ejection of ink drops at the respective reference temperatures t 1 , t 2 , and t 3 . 
       FIGS. 10A and 10B  are explanatory views showing a difference in ink ejection speed between the print heads  28   a  and  28   e , when the print head  28   a  is located at a higher position than the print head  28   e . In this example, since the print head  28   a  is located at a higher position than the print head  28   e  as shown in  FIG. 3 , the temperature of the print head  28   a  tends to be higher than the temperature of the print head  28   e  in the course of printing. Combinations shown in  FIG. 10A  are thus expected with regard to the temperatures of the print heads  28   a  and  28   e.    
     As clearly understood from the graph of  FIG. 9 , the ink ejection speed of the print head  28   a  is higher than the ink ejection speed of the print head  28   e . Namely the print head having a relatively high ink ejection speed is located at the position having a relatively large temperature variation in this example. 
       FIG. 10B  is an explanatory view showing a difference in ink ejection speed between the print heads  28   a  and  28   e  at the temperatures assumed in the layout of this example. This graph is extraction of part of the plots from the graph of  FIG. 9 . As shown in  FIG. 10B , in this example, while the temperature of the print head  28   e  remains in the temperature zone Z 1  shown in  FIG. 8 , the temperature of the print head  28   a  is shifted from the temperature zone Z 1  to the temperature zone Z 3 . 
     As clearly understood from the graph of  FIG. 10B , the ink ejection speed of the print head  28   a  located at the position having a relatively large temperature variation decreases with a temperature increase, because of the accompanied variation of the driving signal. The ink ejection speed of the print head  28   a  is, on the other hand, higher than the ink ejection speed of the print head  28   e  at a fixed temperature. The difference in ink ejection speed between the print heads  28   a  and  28   e  is thus diminished, as the driving signal varies to compensate for the quantity of ink ejection. The variation of the driving signal to compensate for the quantity of ink ejection is similar to that discussed in the first embodiment. 
       FIGS. 11A and 11B  are explanatory views showing a difference in ink ejection speed between the print heads  28   a  and  28   e , when the print head  28   a  is located at a lower position than the print head  28   e . The layout of the print heads in this example is reverse to that in the example of  FIGS. 10A and 10B . Combinations shown in  FIG. 11A  are thus expected with regard to the temperatures of the print heads  28   a  and  28   e . Contrary to the example of  FIGS. 10A and 10B , the print head having a relatively low ink ejection speed is located at the position having a relatively large temperature variation in this example. 
     As shown in the graph of  FIG. 11B , in this example, the relatively low ink ejection speed of the print head  28   e  further decreases with a temperature increase. The technique of compensating for the quantity of ink ejection thus expands the difference in ink ejection speed between the print heads  28   a  and  28   e.    
     As described above, the print head having a higher ink ejection speed in the case of ejecting an ink drop of a fixed weight at a fixed temperature is located at the position having a relatively large temperature variation (that is, at a higher position). The technique of compensating for the quantity of ink ejection due to the temperature variation among the print heads thus simultaneously prevents the variation of the ink ejection speed. This results in desirably reducing a variation in hitting position of ink dots and thus further improves the printing quality. 
     In the structure of the second embodiment, the print head having a higher ink ejection speed is located at the position having a relatively large temperature variation. The layout of the print heads may be determined by regarding the print head having a relatively high driving voltage for ejecting an ink drop of a fixed weight at a fixed temperature as the print head having a higher ink ejection speed. The ink ejection speed and the driving voltage generally have a positive correlation. The advantage of this arrangement allows for easy application of the invention without requiring measurement of the ink ejection speed. 
     In the structure of the second embodiment, the print head having a higher ink ejection speed is located at the position having a relatively large temperature variation. In the case where multiple print heads are located at multiple positions of different elevations in the operation of a printing apparatus, the layout of the print heads may be determined by regarding a relatively high position as the position having a relatively large temperature variation. This is because the relatively high position has a larger temperature variation. 
     In this case, the layout of the print heads is determined, such that the print head having a higher driving voltage (peak voltage), for example, at the reference temperature t 1  is located at a higher position. 
     D. Modifications 
     The above embodiments and applications are to be considered in all aspects as illustrative and not restrictive. There may be many modifications, changes, and alterations without departing from the scope or spirit of the main characteristics of the present invention. Some examples of possible modification are given below. 
     D-1. In the embodiments discussed above, the multiple print heads are located at multiple positions of different elevations in the operation of the printing apparatus. All the print heads may alternatively be located at an identical elevation. The technique of the present invention, however, has significant effects on the former structure, since the temperature of the print head located at a higher position tends to be higher than the temperature of the print head located at a lower position. 
     D-2. In the embodiments discussed above, plural (for example, 5) temperature sensors are used for multiple (for example, 20) print heads. This number of temperature sensors is, however, not restrictive, and only one temperature sensor may be used. The general requirement of the invention is that the number of temperature sensors is less than the number of print heads. It is not necessary to attach the temperature sensor directly to the print head. The temperature sensor is to be located sufficiently close to the print head to allow for measurement of the temperature of the print head. 
     When only one temperature sensor is used, it is preferable that the temperature sensor is disposed on the print head having a largest possible temperature variation. The print head having a largest possible temperature variation is the print head located at the highest position, in the case where the multiple print heads are located at multiple positions of different elevations in the operation of the printing apparatus. 
     D-3. In the embodiments discussed above, the original drive waveform generator selects one among the driving waveforms having different peak voltages, corresponding to the temperature of the print head. One modified arrangement may continuously adjust the shape of the driving waveform according to the temperature of the print head. Another modified arrangement may regulate the width in the time direction as well as the amplitude of the driving waveform. 
     In the embodiments discussed above, the driving waveform is set for each print head. One possible modification may set only the original drive waveform to be supplied to part of the print heads having larger temperature variations, while fixing the original drive waveform supplied to the other print heads. In general, the original drive waveform generator of the present invention is required to set the original drive waveform supplied to at least part of the multiple print heads, according to the output of the temperature sensors. 
     D-4. In the embodiments discussed above, the original drive waveform supplied to at least part of the multiple print heads is determined according to the output of the temperature sensors. One possible modification incorporates a circuit of raising a resistance with a temperature rise in the print head to reduce a variation in quantity of ink ejection with the temperature rise. 
     In the embodiments discussed above, ejection of ink drops is controlled to compensate for the variation in ejection of ink drops due to the temperature variation among the multiple print heads. The ejection controller may be constructed to stop ejection of ink drops according to the output of the temperature sensors. 
     The ejection controller may be designed, for example, to cease ejection of ink drops, for example, when a preset or greater number of temperature sensors among the plural temperature sensors detect the temperature exceeding a preset level. This arrangement effectively prevents any significant deterioration of the printing quality due to the temperature variation among the print heads, and desirably protects the printing apparatus from the severe hot environment. 
     The printing apparatus is preferably constructed to stop not only ejection of ink drops but all the printing processes in such circumstances. Another preferable arrangement of the printing apparatus is to output an alarm signal when a given or greater number of temperature sensors among the plural temperature sensors detect the temperature exceeding a specific level, which is lower than the preset level. 
     In general, the ejection controller of the invention is constructed to control ejection of ink drops from at least part of the multiple print heads according to the output of the temperature sensors. The technique of setting the original drive waveform as discussed above, however, advantageously attains the finer control. 
     D-5. In the embodiments discussed above, each print head has six nozzle arrays for ejecting six different color inks. Each print head may alternatively have a single nozzle array for ejecting one identical color ink. The print head of the invention is generally required to have a nozzle array including multiple nozzles for ejecting at least one identical color ink. 
     In the case where each print head has multiple nozzle arrays, it is desirable that the respective nozzle arrays have similar properties. For example, when each print head has three nozzle arrays for ejecting three different color inks, cyan, magenta, and yellow, the three nozzle arrays are preferably designed to restrict a variation in driving voltage for ejecting an ink drop of a fixed weight within a preset allowable range. 
     D-6. The technique of the invention is applicable to a printing apparatus that has plural print modes of different printing resolutions and is capable of selecting one among the plural print modes to carry out printing. In this structure, it is preferable to control the ejection of ink drops from the multiple print heads according to both the output of the temperature sensors and the selected print mode, in place of the output of the temperature sensors alone. 
     D-7. The technique of the invention is not restricted to color printing but is also applicable to monochrome printing. The invention may also be applied to a printing system that forms multiple dots in each pixel to express multiple tones, as well as to drum printers. In the drum printers, a drum rotating direction and a carriage moving direction respectively correspond to the main scan direction and the sub-scan direction. The technique of the invention is not limited to ink jet printers but is applicable in general to dot recording apparatuses that record dots on the surface of a printing medium with a record head having multiple nozzle arrays. 
     D-8. In the embodiments discussed above, part of the construction actualized by the hardware may be replaced by software. On the contrary, part of the configuration actualized by the software may be replaced by the hardware. For example, part or all of the functions of the printer driver  96  shown in  FIG. 1  may be executed by the control circuit  40  in the printer  20 . In this case, part or all of the functions of the computer  90  as the print control apparatus of generating print data are executed by the control circuit  40  of the printer. 
     When part or all of the functions of the invention are actualized by the software configuration, the software may be provided in the form of storage in a computer readable recording medium. In the description of the present invention, the ‘computer readable recording medium’ is not restricted to portable recording media, such as flexible disks and CD-ROMs, but includes internal storage devices of the computer like various RAMs and ROMs as well as external storage devices fixed to the computer like hard disks.

Technology Classification (CPC): 1