Patent Abstract:
A multi-layer dye-scavenging article for use in hand or machine washing systems is disclosed. More specifically, a multi-layer article for the introduction of dye absorbing, dye transfer inhibiting and/or other detergent active materials into an aqueous wash system is disclosed.

Full Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]    This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to U. S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/240,343, filed Oct. 13, 2000 (Attorney Docket No. 8296P). 
     
    
     
       FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    This invention relates to a multi-layer dye-scavenging article for use in hand or machine washing systems. More particularly, this invention relates to a multi-layer article for introducing dye absorbing, dye transfer inhibiting and/or other detergent active materials into an aqueous washing system.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0003]    In recent years there has been much interest in developing products which prevent the transfer of dyes between articles or garments when being laundered. When articles or garments, which have been colored using dyes of poor wash fastness are washed together with other articles or garments undesirable dye transfer may occur. As a result the articles or garments affected are many times rendered unsuitable for further use.  
           [0004]    As a result of the aforementioned problem, many attempts have been made in the art to inhibit the transfer of dyes in the wash. One such solution involves delivery of dye transfer inhibitors and/or introduction of dye absorbers into the wash via a disposable substrate such as a non-woven sheet. However, one problem associated with currently available dye-scavenging articles arises from their single layer construction. When these single layer articles are placed in the wash, the dye absorbents and/or dye transfer inhibitors affixed to the substrate come into direct contact with the fabrics being laundered. Many consumers find this contact undesirable because of the perception that residue from the chemicals may remain on the articles or garments after laundering. Additionally, it is perceived by consumers that this contact may damage the articles or garments. Further, these single layer dye-scavenging articles known in the art lack the physical strength or structure to maintain their shape throughout the wash cycle. As a result, the articles tend to fold-up, minimizing the surface area available to the wash solution and greatly reducing the effectiveness of the articles.  
           [0005]    Known dye-scavenging articles such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,881,412, require that the dye absorbent be chemically affixed to the surface of a substrate material, typically cellulosic materials, for example, cotton in any of its forms, purified cotton cellulose, cellulose sponge and the like. To affix the dye absorbent, the cotton substrate is modified by phosphorylation and chemisorption of the dye absorbent. The modification of the substrate and chemically bonding of the dye absorbents adds complexity and cost to the process and the ultimate article.  
           [0006]    Accordingly the need remains for a dye-scavenging article that can be used to efficiently introduce dye-scavenging and/or dye transfer inhibiting compounds or other detergent active materials to the wash solution. There remains an additional need for a dye-scavenging article which provides a protective barrier between the active compounds contained therein and the articles or garments being washed, while still providing adequate contact between the active and the wash solution. Additionally, the article must be easily and efficiently manufactured and have sufficient physical strength or stiffness to prevent it from folding during the wash cycle.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0007]    The present invention meets the aforementioned needs by providing a multi-layer dye-scavenging article. When added to the wash solution, the dye-scavenging article prevents redeposition of fugitive dyes that may bleed from articles or garments in the solution. Multiple layers prevent contact between the articles or garments to be washed and the active compounds to be introduced into the wash solution. The physical strength or stiffness of the dye-scavenging article of the present invention prevents it from folding and thereby reducing its effectiveness.  
           [0008]    In accordance with a first aspect of the invention a multi-layer dye-scavenging article is provided. The article comprises at least two layers oriented adjacently to each other and having one or more dye absorbing compounds fixed to at least one layer. The article can comprise any number of additional layers. The multi-layer dye-scavenging article comprises (a) a first layer and (b) a second layer. The first layer has first and second surfaces. The first layer preferably has a basis weight of from about 10 gram/square meter (gsm) to about 200 gsm, preferably from about 20 gsm to about 100 gsm, and most preferably from about 20 gsm to about 50 gsm. It is additionally preferred that the first layer have an opacity of less than 70%, preferably less than 50% and a water permeability of at least 0.06 ml/sec/cm 2 , preferably at least 0.1 ml/sec/cm 2 . If it is desired that the dye-scavenging article be compatible in machine drying appliances then it is further preferred that the first layer have a melting point of greater than or equal to 100° C., preferably greater than or equal to 130° C.  
           [0009]    The second layer of the multi-layer dye-scavenging article also includes first and second surfaces. The second layer preferably has a basis weight of from about 30 gsm to about 200 gsm, preferably from about 60 gsm to about 150 gsm, and most preferably from about 80 gsm to about 120 gsm. It is additionally preferred, that the second layer have a water permeability of at least 0.06 ml/sec/cm 2 , more preferably at least 0.1 ml/sec/cm 2 . If it is desired that the dye-scavenging article be compatible in machine drying appliances then it is further preferred that the second layer have a melting point of greater than or equal to 100° C., more preferably greater than or equal to 130° C.  
           [0010]    The multi-layer dye-scavenging article may optionally comprise (c) multiple additional layers. When present, the additional layers have first and second surfaces, a basis weight of from about 10 gsm to about 200 gsm, preferably from about 20 gsm to about 100 gsm, and most preferably from about 20 gsm to about 50 gsm. It is additionally preferred that the additional layers have an opacity of less than 70%, preferably less than 30% and a water permeability of at least 0.06 ml/sec/cm 2 , preferably at least 0.1 ml/sec/cm 2 . If it is desired that the dye-scavenging article be compatible in machine drying appliances then it is further preferred that the additional layers have a melting point of greater than or equal to 100° C., more preferably greater than or equal to 130° C.  
           [0011]    The first layer is positioned adjacent to the second layer and any additional layers. In a preferred embodiment the second surface of the first layer is positioned adjacent to the first surface of the second layer. Additionally, the second surface of the second layer is positioned adjacent to the first surface of any optionally present additional layer. In another preferred embodiment of the present invention the first layer is coupled to the second layer and any additional layers. In another preferred embodiment the first, second and additional layers are non-woven materials.  
           [0012]    It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a multi-layer dye-scavenging article which introduces dye absorbing and/or dye transfer inhibiting compounds to the wash solution. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a multi-layer dye-scavenging article that when added to the wash solution, prevents redeposition of fugitive dyes that may bleed from articles or garments in the solution. An additional object of the present invention is to provide a multi-layer dye-scavenging article that prevents contact between the articles or garments to be washed and the active compounds to be introduced into the wash solution. It is further an object of the present invention to provide a multi-layer dye-scavenging article with sufficient physical strength or stiffness to prevent it from folding and thereby reducing its effectiveness.  
           [0013]    All percentages, ratios, and proportions herein are on a weight basis unless otherwise indicated. All documents cited are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0014]    [0014]FIG. 1. is a cross sectional view of a multi-layer dye-scavenging article of the present invention.  
         [0015]    [0015]FIG. 2. is a cross sectional view of an alternative embodiment of a multi-layer dye-scavenging article of the present invention.  
         [0016]    [0016]FIG. 3. is a top view of a multi-layer dye-scavenging article of the present invention. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0017]    The present invention is directed to a multi-layer dye-scavenging article. More particularly, the present invention is directed to a multi-layer dye-scavenging article, which is capable of introducing dye absorbing, dye transfer inhibiting and/or other detergent active materials to the wash solution and additionally, providing a barrier between the actives fixed to at least one layer of the article and the articles and/or garments in the wash. Additionally, a dye-scavenging article of the present invention will have sufficient physical strength and/or structure to resist folding in the wash.  
         [0018]    The present invention achieves the aforementioned benefits by providing a multi-layer dye-scavenging article. The article comprises a first layer, a second layer and optionally additional layers, oriented adjacent to each other, wherein a dye absorbing, dye transfer inhibiting compound and/or other detergent active material is fixed to at least one layer. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the article comprises a first layer, a second layer and a third layer, wherein a dye absorbing compound is fixed to both the first and second surfaces of the second layer, further wherein all the layers are coupled to each other such that the layers do not substantially separate during the wash cycle.  
         [0019]    Turning now to FIG. 1, a multi-layer dye-scavenging article  11  comprises first layer  10 , second layer  12 , each layer having first and second surfaces,  14 ,  16 ,  18  and  20  respectively. As will be understood, layer thicknesses have been exaggerated and are not to scale to aid in clearly depicting all of the layers in the article. The multi-layer dye-scavenging article  11  comprises a first layer  10  having first and second surfaces  14  and  16 . First surface  14  is preferably directly exposed to the wash solution and the articles and/or garments being laundered. Second surface  16  preferably faces first surface  18  of second layer  12 . First layer  10  preferably has a basis weight of from about 10 gsm to about 200 gsm, more preferably from about 20 gsm to about 100 gsm, and most preferably from about 20 gsm to about 50 gsm. A basis weight of from about 10 gsm to about 200 gsm produces a layer with comfortable consumer aesthetics and adequate strength such that it maintains its structural integrity throughout the wash cycle. Additionally, having a basis weight from about 10 gsm to about 200 gsm, also provides satisfactory hand feel to the consumer.  
         [0020]    It is additionally preferred that the first layer 10 have an opacity of less than about 70%, preferably less than about 50%. Where first layer  10  has an opacity of less than about 70% the consumer can see through first layer  10  to second layer  12  and view the dye absorbed from the wash solution on the second layer  12  of the article thereby providing a visual signal that fugitive dye is being absorbed.  
         [0021]    It is further preferred that first layer  10  has a water permeability of at least 0.06 ml/sec/cm 2  to assure sufficient water is permitted to flow through first layer  10  and contact the dye absorbing and/or other detergent active material fixed to at least one other layer.  
         [0022]    If it is desired that the dye-scavenging article be compatible for use in machine drying appliances then it is further preferred that first layer  10  have a melting point of greater than or equal to about 100° C., preferably greater than or equal to about 130° C.  
         [0023]    The multi-layer dye-scavenging article  11  further comprises a second layer  12 . The second layer  12  has first and second surfaces  18  and  20 . The second layer  12  has a basis weight of from about 30 gsm to about 200 gsm, preferably from about 60 gsm to about 150 gsm, and most preferably from about 80 gsm to about 120 gsm. Second layer  12  also preferably has a water permeability of at least about 0.06 ml/sec/cm 2 , preferably 0.1 ml/sec/cm 2 . Additionally, if it is desired that the dye-scavenging article be compatible for use in machine drying appliances then it is further preferred that second layer  12  have a melting point of greater than or equal to 100° C., preferably greater than or equal to 130° C.  
         [0024]    In a highly preferred embodiment of the present invention second layer  12  has a Taber stiffness rating of at least about 7 Taber Stiffness Units (TSU) preferably from about 10 TSU to about 200 TSU, and more preferably from about 10 TSU to about 100 TSU . When second layer  12  has the aforementioned stiffness rating, the resulting article has sufficient physical strength and rigidity such that it does not fold during the wash cycle, which can greatly reduce efficacy. The stiffness rating is preferably determined after any dye absorbing, dye transfer inhibiting or other detergent active material is fixed to the layer.  
         [0025]    Dye adsorption and/or dye transfer inhibiting compounds are preferably fixed to second layer  12 , however one of skill in the art will recognize that these compounds may be fixed to any layer. While this may be accomplished via any method, a preferred method includes liquefying the compounds and coating the first and second surfaces,  18  and  20  of second layer  12 . Thereafter, the compounds are allowed to harden around the fibers of the second layer  12 . When the multi-layer dye-scavenging article  11  comprises only a first layer  10  and a second layer  12 , the dye absorbents or other detergent actives are preferably applied to the first surface  18  of the second layer  12 .  
         [0026]    In an optional embodiment of the present invention, multi-layer dye-scavenging article  11  may further comprise any number of additional layers. An especially preferred embodiment of the present invention represented by FIG. 2 shows a multi-layer dye scavenging article  11  having a first layer  22 , a second layer  24  and a third layer  24 . The first layer  22 , has first and second surfaces  28  and  30  respectively. The second layer  24  has first and second surfaces  32  and  34  respectively. The third layer  26  has first and second surfaces  36  and  38  respectively. When additional layers are present the dye absorbents and/or other detergent active materials are preferably applied to both the first surface  32  and the second surface  34  of second layer  24 . Of course one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that placement of dye absorbents and/or other detergent active materials on any layer is consistent with the present invention. A multi-layer dye-scavenging article with several layers may be provided, which have distributed between them several detergent actives. By providing an article with several layers one can deliver detergent active materials in the same product, which would otherwise be incompatible with each other by separating them by at least one layer. Suitable materials for all layers are described in detail below.  
         [0027]    When present additional layers preferably have a basis weight of from about 10 gsm to about 200 gsm, more preferably from about 20 gsm to about 100 gsm, and most preferably from about 20 gsm to about 50 gsm. It is additionally preferred that additional layers have an opacity of less than about 70%, preferably less than about 50%. It is further preferred that additional layers have a water permeability of at least 0.06 ml/sec/cm 2 , more preferably at least about 0.1 ml/sec/cm 2.  If it is desired that the dye-scavenging article be compatible for use in machine drying appliances then it is further preferred that additional layers have a melting point of greater than or equal to about 100° C., preferably greater than or equal to about 130° C.  
         [0028]    Turning now to FIG. 3 a top view of a multi-layer dye-scavenging article according to the present invention is shown. The multi-layer dye-scavenging article  11  is shown with first surface  14  of first layer  10  illustrated. Individual means for coupling  40  are placed evenly or randomly throughout the article to couple one layer to the next layer. Optionally, there is a continuous means for coupling  42  along the perimeter of the article. The couplings prevent the layers from substantially separating from each other during the wash cycle and reducing efficacy of the actives. Coupling may be achieved by any means known in the art, including but not limited to pressure bonding, adhesive bonding, sonic bonding etc. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the pattern or placement of the couplings is not critical as long as they adequately prevent separation of the layers. Accordingly, various patterns or designs and any combination thereof are contemplated by the present invention.  
         [0029]    Basis weight, opacity, water permeability, melting point and stiffness values of anv material can be determined using the methods described below.  
         [0030]    First and second layer,  10  and  12  and any additional layers of the present invention are preferably defined by several physical parameters including basis weight, opacity, water permeability, melting point and Taber stiffness rating.  
         [0031]    Basis weight is calculated by cutting a sample of the material to be used for each respective layer and measuring its dimensions. The sample is then weighed. Basis weight is calculated by dividing the weight of the material by the square area of the material. A suitable measure of basis weight is grams per square meter (gsm). The basis weight of the material must be high enough to provide a substantial feel and thickness when handled by the consumer yet low enough such that the article moves with the articles and/or garments being washed.  
         [0032]    Opacity is a relative percentage of how opaque, or transparent, a material is. This percentage may be determined using a Hunter Colorquest Spectrophotometer, commercially available from HunterLab. The opacity of all materials is measured when the materials are dry.  
         [0033]    Water permeability is defined as the amount of water that passes through a material in a specified period of time. Sufficient water permeability can be accomplished either by using an entirely water pervious material, or alternatively by using a water impervious material supplied with holes, slits, apertures or other openings which allow water to flow from one side of the layer to the other. The water permeability of a particular material may be determined using the following method.  
         [0034]    A 3.5in diameter Buchner funnel (diameter measured at base) is attached to a 2L vacuum flask. A vacuum source IS NOT attached to the flask side arm. A sample that has been cut into a 3.5in diameter circle is placed into the bottom of the funnel. The sample is gently wetted with a small amount of water to prevent “floating” the sample. Add 100 mL of filtered deionized water to the funnel; starting a timer when the water is added. Stop the timer after all the water has drained from the funnel (evident by a lack of “puddles” formed in the funnel), and record the total number of seconds it took to drain completely. To get the permeability value, the # of seconds for the test is divided by 100, which results in mL/sec. Divide the result by 62.07, which is the surface area of the test sample in squate centimeters. Water Permeability is expressed as mL/sec./cm 2  .  
         [0035]    It is preferred that layers directly adjacent to dye absorber or other detergent active have a water permeability of at least about 0.06 ml/sec/cm 2 , preferably 0.1 ml/sec/cm 2,  to allow a high volume of water to penetrate the article such that the actives within the article are effective. It is additionally preferred that all article layers have water permeabilities of at least about 0.06 ml/sec/cm 2 , preferably 0.1 ml/sec/cm 2 . However, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize the possibility that the article contain some layers that are completely impermeable for the purpose of separating incompatible detergent active materials. In such a case the article would comprise a combination of water permeable and impermeable layers. This is within the scope of the present invention so long as sufficient release of detergent active material is permitted. By sufficient release is meant that portion of detergent active material necessary to achieve the desired benefit. It will be recognized by one of skill in the art that the amount of detergent active material necessary to be released into the wash solution will vary depending on the active and the desired benefit.  
         [0036]    Melting point is the temperature at which the material begins the transition from solid state to liquid state. This can be determined by using ASTM method #E 324-94. All layers of the multi-layer article of the present invention preferably have a melting point of greater than or equal to 100° C. This melting point is necessary to ensure that the article retains its integrity through the wash and most importantly does not melt in the heat of a standard, commercially available home laundry dryer.  
         [0037]    Taber stiffness rating is a measure of a materials stiffness and resiliency. This rating can be determined using a Taber Stiffness Tester Model #150-E, available commercially from Taber Industries.  
         [0038]    The layers used in the articles of the present invention may preferably have a thickness varying from about 5 to about 500 mils, preferably from about 5 to about 250, and most preferably from about 5 to about 200. Examples of suitable materials which may be employed, include, among others, foam, foil, film, sponge, paper, woven cloth, and nonwoven cloth. Preferred articles are made from a flexible material, and include those made from paper, woven cloth, nonwoven cloth and flexible films. The term “cloth”, as used herein, means a woven or nonwoven fabric or cloth used as an article., in order to distinguish it from the term “fabric” which is used to mean the textile fabric to be laundered. Preferred article materials should exhibit only a minimal amount of Tinting when used in automatic washers and dryers. Preferably, the materials employed in the articles of the present invention are wet-strength paper or nonwoven cloth materials.  
         [0039]    Paper materials which can be employed herein encompass the broad spectrum of known paper structures and are not limited to any specific papermaking fiber or wood pulp. Thus, the fibers derived from soft woods, hard woods, or annual plants, such as bagasse, cereal straw, and the like, and wood pulps, such as bleached or unbleached kraft, sulfite, soda ground wood, or mixtures thereof, can be used. Moreover, the paper article materials, which may be employed in the articles of the present invention are not limited to specific types of paper, so long as the paper exhibits the required physical characteristics as defined above.  
         [0040]    A specific example of a type of paper article material preferred herein is a two-ply paper having a basis weight of about 50 pounds per 2,880 sq. ft. made from, for example, a mixture of ground wood and kraft bleached wood pulps. Another example is the absorbent, multi-ply toweling paper which is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,414,459, Wells, issued Dec. 3, 1968, said patent being incorporated herein by reference.  
         [0041]    The preferred nonwoven cloth materials which may be used in the invention herein are generally defined as adhesively bonded fibrous products, having a web or corded fiber structure (where the fiber strength is suitable to allow carding) or comprising fibrous mats, in which the fibers are distributed haphazardly or in a random array (that is, an array of fibers in a carded web wherein partial orientation of the fibers is frequently present as well as a completely haphazard distributional orientation) or substantially aligned. The fibers can be natural, such as wool, silk, jute, hemp, cotton, linen, sisal, or ramie; or synthetic, such as rayon, cellulose ester, polyvinyl derivatives, polyolefins, polyamides, or polyesters. Any diameter or denier of fiber, generally up to about 10 denier, are useful in the present invention.  
         [0042]    Methods of making nonwoven cloths suitable for use herein are not a part of this invention and, being well known in the art, are not described in detail in this application. Generally, such cloths are made by dry- or water-laying processes in which the fibers are first cut to desired lengths from long strands, conveyed via air or water, and then deposited onto a screen through which the fiber-laden air or water is passed. The deposited fibers are then adhesively bonded together, dried, cured, and otherwise treated as desired to form the nonwoven cloth. Nonwoven cloths made of polyesters, polyamides, vinyl resins, and other thermoplastic fibers can be spun bonded. In this process the fibers are spun out onto a flat surface and bonded (melted) together by heat or by a chemical reaction.  
         [0043]    When the article described herein is a nonwoven cloth made from fibers deposited haphazardly or in a random array on a screen, the articles exhibit excellent strength in all directions and are not prone to tear or separate when used successively in an automatic washer and dryer.  
         [0044]    Preferably, the nonwoven cloth is water-laid or dry-laid and is made from cellulosic fibers, particularly from regenerated cellulose or rayon, which have been lubricated with a standard textile lubricant. It is preferred that the fibers are from about 3/16 inch to about 2 inches in length, and are from about 1.5 to about 5 denier. It is also preferred that the fibers are at least partially oriented haphazardly, particularly substantially haphazardly, and are adhesively bonded together with a hydrophobic or substantially hydrophobic binder resin, particularly with a non-ionic self-crosslinking acrylic polymer or a mixture of such polymers. A preferred cloth comprises by weight about 85% fiber and about 15% binder resin polymer, and has a basis weight of from about 50 to about 90 grams per square yard.  
         [0045]    If the articles are formulated so as to be used in the automatic dryer, subsequent to their use in the automatic washer, the materials used may be formed such that they have slit or aperture openings in order to improve their functioning in the dryer. These openings may also improve the release of the surface-active composition in the automatic washer. However, in order to be used in the articles of the present invention, it is desirable that the article materials meet the air permeability criteria set forth herein in the absence of the slits. Such openings are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,944,694, McQueary, issued Mar. 16, 1976; U.S. Pat. No. 3.956.556, McQueary, issued May 11, 1976; U.S. Pat. No. 4,007,300, McQueary, issued Feb. 8, 1977, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,012.540, McQueary, issued Mar. 15, 1977, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.  
         [0046]    The articles usable herein can be “dense”, or they can be open and have a high amount of “free space”, as long as they satisfy the previously defined physical criteria. Free space, also called “void volume”, is that space within an article structure which is unoccupied. For example, certain absorbent, multi-ply paper structures comprise plies embossed with proturberances, the ends of which are mated and joined. This type of paper structure has free space between the unembossed portions of the plies, as well as between the fibers of the paper plies themselves. A nonwoven cloth also has such space between its fibers. The free space of the article can be varied by modifying the density of the fibers of the article. Thus, articles with a high amount of free space generally have low fiber density, and articles having a high fiber density generally have a low amount of free space. The amount of free space, that a material has is not critical to its use as an article herein, although it may have a direct effect on the water permeability of the article material. Additionally, the amount of free space in the article structure may affect the amount of the active components, which must be applied to the article in order to achieve a desired coating effect.  
         [0047]    In a preferred embodiment, the layers are superimposed upon each other. For the purposes of illustration only and not to limit the invention only the first two layers will be discussed in this section. However, the means of superimposition and coupling are to be understood to apply to all layers in the article. The first layer  10  is preferably superimposed on the second layer  12  and any additional layers. To insure proper fluid transfer between the first layer  10  and the second layer  12  it is preferred that the first layer  10  be substantially coupled to the underlying second layer  12 . (As used herein, the term “coupled” encompasses configurations whereby a layer is directly secured to another layer by coupling one layer to the other layer, as well as configurations whereby a layer is indirectly secured to another layer by coupling the layer to an intermediate member or members which in turn are coupled to the other layer.) By coupling the first layer  10  to the second layer  12  the first layer  10  will have a reduced tendency to separate from the second layer during the course of a wash/dry cycle. Separation of the second layer  12  from the first layer  10  may inhibit or reduce the efficiency of dye absorption from the wash solution. The first layer may be coupled to the second layer by any suitable means, including, but not limited to the use of adhesives such as by spray-gluing or applying lines or spots of adhesives between the first layer  10  and the second layer  12 . Alternatively, or additionally, the first layer  10  may be coupled with the second layer  12  simply by wrapping the first layer  10  about the second layer  12 , by entangling the fibers of the second layer  12  with the first layer  10 , by fusing the first layer  10  to the second layer  12  with a plurality of discrete individual fusion bonds, or by any other means known in the art including but not limited to adhesives, heat, pressure, heat and pressure, extrusion, and ultrasonic bonds.  
         [0048]    A suitable first layer  10  may be manufactured from a wide range of materials such as woven and nonwoven materials; polymeric materials such as apertured formed thermoplastic films, apertured plastic films, and hydroformed thermoplastic films; porous foams; reticulated foams; reticulated thermoplastic films; and thermoplastic scrims. Suitable woven and nonwoven materials can be comprised at least partially of natural fibers (e.g., wood or cotton fibers), synthetic fibers (e.g., polymeric fibers such as polyester, polypropylene, or polyethylene fibers) or from a combination of natural and synthetic fibers.  
         [0049]    Preferred materials for use in the first layer  10  are selected from high loft nonwoven materials and apertured formed film materials. Apertured formed films are especially preferred for the first layer  10  because they are pervious to water. Suitable formed films are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,929,135, entitled “Absorptive Structures Having Tapered Capillaries”, which issued to Thompson on Dec. 30, 1975; U.S. Pat. No. 4,324,246 entitled “Disposable Absorbent Article Having A Stain Resistant Topsheet”, which issued to Mullane, et al. on Apr. 13, 1982; U.S. Pat. No. 4,342,314 entitled “Resilient Plastic Web Exhibiting Fiber-Like Properties”, which issued to Radel, et al. on Aug. 3, 1982; U.S. Pat. No. 4,463,045 entitled “Macroscopically Expanded Three-Dimensional Plastic Web Exhibiting Non-Glossy Visible Surface and Cloth-Like Tactile Impression”, which issued to Ahr et al. on Jul. 31, 1984; U.S. Pat. No. 4,780,352 entitled “Covering Structure For Absorbent Hygienic Sanitary Products, and an Absorbent Product Having Such A Covering”, which issued to Palumbo on Oct. 25, 1988; U.S. Pat. No. 5,006,394 “Multilayer Polymeric Film” issued to Baird on Apr. 9, 1991.  
         [0050]    It is possible that any layer be made of a hydrophobic material. While not necessary it may be desirable to treat the surface of any hydrophobic layer to increase its hydrophillic nature, such that liquids will transfer through that layer more rapidly. This diminishes the likelihood that the wash solution will flow around the layer rather than being drawn through the layer and into contact with the next layer or the detergent active. A layer can be rendered hydrophilic by treating it with a surfactant. Suitable methods for treating the layer with a surfactant include spraying the layer with the surfactant or immersing it in the surfactant. Suitable methods of treating a layer with a surfactant are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,950,254 issued to Osborn and in U.S. Pat. No. 5,520,875.  
         [0051]    Any of several known manufacturing techniques may be used to manufacture each layer. 8296  
         [0052]    In another embodiment, the first layer is an apertured formed film which comprises microscopic surface aberrations on the land areas of the formed film. The film also includes microscopic depositions of a low surface energy material at least some of which depositions are located on the land areas between the microscopic surface aberrations. Such a preferred apertured formed film is more fully described in allowed U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/826,508 entitled “Fluid Transport Webs Exhibiting Surface Energy Gradients” filed in the name of Ouellette, et al. on Apr. 11, 1997 (PCT Publication WO 96/00548, published Jan. 11, 1996).  
         [0053]    The layers may also be comprised of a web material. The term “web”, as used herein, refers to a sheet-like material comprising a single layer of material or a laminate of two or more layers. The web may be comprised of a structural elastic-like film (SELF) web material in a stretched or elongated condition. Examples of SELF webs are disclosed in International Application WO 95/03765, entitled “Web Materials Exhibiting Elastic-Like Behavior”, published Feb. 9, 1995 in the name of Chappell et al. which is incorporated herein by reference. The web materials can be constructed of a single layer of material or alternatively, may be constructed of two or more layers.  
         [0054]    Suitable web materials for a layer may be comprised of polyolefins such as polyethylenes, including linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), ultra low density polyethylene (ULDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), or polypropylene and blends thereof with the above and other materials. Examples of other suitable polymeric materials which may also be used include, but are not limited to, polyester, polyurethanes, compostable or biodegradable polymers, heat shrink polymers, thermoplastic elastomers, metallocene catalyst-based polymers (e.g., INSITE® available from Dow Chemical Company and EXXACT® available from Exxon), and breathable polymers. The web materials may also be comprised of a synthetic woven, synthetic knit, nonwoven, apertured film, macroscopically expanded three-dimensional formed film, absorbent or fibrous absorbent material, foam filled composition or laminates and/or combinations thereof. The nonwovens may be made but not limited to any of the following methods: spunlace, spunbond, meltblown, carded and/or air-through or calender bonded, with a spunlace material with loosely bonded fibers being the preferred embodiment.  
         [0055]    The web materials may be made from two-dimensional apertured films and macroscopically expanded, three-dimensional, apertured formed films. Examples of macroscopically expanded, three-dimensional, apertured formed films are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,929,135 issued to Thompson on Dec. 30, 1975; U.S. Pat. No. 4,324,246 issued to Mullane, et al. on Apr. 13, 1982; U.S. Pat. No. 4,342,314 issued to Radel, et al. on Aug. 3, 1982; U.S. Pat. No. 4,463,045 issued to Ahr, et al. on Jul. 31, 1984; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,006,394 issued to Baird on Apr. 9, 1991. Each of these patents are incorporated herein by reference.  
         [0056]    The web materials may comprise laminates of apertured films and nonwoven materials whereby in the process of forming such materials, the connections between a plurality of the nonwoven fibers are broken up to protrude slightly through the apertures of the apertured film.  
         [0057]    It may be desirable in certain embodiments to have the composite web exhibit a certain degree of bulkiness and bending resistance. Laminates of polymer films with high-loft nonwoven materials, and laminates with multi-layers of nonwovens are ways of providing increased bulk. Other methods for creating bulk include the formation of a single layer of polymer film in the manner of this invention followed by prestretching of the film and subsequent application of the nonwoven to one or both sides while the polymer film is in its prestretched condition. Upon relaxation of the stretch, the nonwoven material forms puckers which give the material added bulk. Another method for making bulky laminates is by forming individual polymeric film layers in the manner of this invention, followed by lamination of multiple layers of these materials. Three dimensionally apertured films that have been formed using the method described herein also provide good bulk in a laminate structure.  
         [0058]    Cellulosic nonwovens, particularly nonwovens wherein the fibrous material consists essentially of cellulosic products, are economically and environmentally preferred. Cellulosic nonwovens that are especially suitable for use in the present invention are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,905,863 issued to Ayers on Sep. 16, 1975; U.S. Pat. No. 3,974,025 issued to Ayers on Aug. 10, 1976; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,191,609 issued to Trokhan on Mar. 4, 1980. Each of these references are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.  
         [0059]    Each layer of the multi-layer article may be formed from similar or different materials. The nonwoven may be treated, for example, to join the fibers of the nonwoven or to enhance the strength of the nonwoven. Such treatment may involve hydroentanglement, thermal bonding, or treatment with a binder.  
         [0060]    Examples of preferred materials are tissue paper having a basis weight of about 40 gsm made with northern softwood Kraft pulp, or Hydraspun™ from Dexter Corporation, a hydroentangled wet laid nonwoven having a basis weight of 60 gsm, or Visorb™ commercially available from Buckeye Technologies, which is an air laid non-woven comprised of 72% wood pulp, 25% bicomponent fibers and 3% latex and has a basis weight of 100 gsm.  
         [0061]    Each layer of the material may be a discrete composition which may or may not be the same or similar to any other layer of the article. Any number of additional layers may be used.  
         [0062]    In an alternative embodiment of the present invention the multiple layers of the dye-scavenging article described herein are produced in succession on a single web. As described above, the layers of the article can be produced independently of one another and afterward combined via any known adhesive means to form a multi-layer article. However, it is possible and in some cases desirable to produce a multi-layer article wherein all or some of the layers are produced in the form of a single web. For instance with a standard non-woven machine it is possible to lay down each different layer in succession on a single air-laid line such that the web leaving the line, while being a single roll of material, is comprised of multiple layers each having distinct physical characteristics.  
         [0063]    It is preferred that the dye absorber is a substantially insoluble cross-linked polymeric amine, selected from existing polymers, polymeric amines formed by copolymerization, polymeric amines formed by cross-linking soluble polyamines, or polymeric amines formed by reacting cationic condensates of amines with cross-linking agents. In a preferred embodiment the dye absorber can be grafted onto the dye scavenging article by any suitable grafting technique, including but not limited to chemical, thermal, and ultraviolet grafting techniques. Specific dye absorbing compounds and methods for making are described in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No.______ titled Laundering Aid for Preventing Dye Transfer, filed Oct. 13, 2000, incorporated herein in its entirety.  
         [0064]    The following examples are presented to further illustrate, but not to limit, the present invention:  
       EXAMPLE 1  
       [0065]    A mixture of the following composition is prepared:  
                                                             % by weight                                        Polyvinyl pyrrolidone co-vinyl imidazole 1      15.0            PAE resin 2     3.75           Polyvinylpyridine N oxide   2.5            tripropylolpropane triglycidylether   1.0            Water/Inerts   to 100%                                                 
 
         [0066]    The solution is padded on a Visorb X622 (basis weight 100gsm, ex Buckeye Technologies, Memphis Tenn.) using a Werner Mathis 2 roll Padding Machine Model HVF. The nip pressure was set so as to achieve a pickup of about 190%. The padded substrate is dried and cured in a convection oven at 250° F. for 20 minutes  
       EXAMPLE 2  
       [0067]    A three layer dye-scavenging article was prepared as follows:  
         [0068]    Layer 1: 18gsm Softex 50% polypropylene/50% polyethylene from BBA Nonwovens,  
         [0069]    Layer 2: 100 gsm Visorb X622 with crosslinked polymer from example 1  
         [0070]    Layer 3: 18gsm Softex Softex 50% polypropylene/50% polyethylene from BBA Nonwovens  
         [0071]    The three layers are coupled such that layer 2 forms the core and layers 1 and 3 form each of the outer layers. The perimeter of the article is thermally sealed. The layers are also bonded together by sonic bonding. The physical properties of the three layers are shown below  
                                                                                       Taber                    Water Permeability   Stiffness           % Opacity   (mL/sec/cm 2)     Rating                            Layers 1 &amp; 3   29   0.20   Not                       applicable           Ply 2   Not   0.23   26.7               applicable                      
 
       EXAMPLE 3  
       [0072]    A mixture of the following composition is prepared:  
                                                             % by weight                                        Polyvinyl pyrrolidone co-vinyl imidazole 1     15.0            PAE resin 2     3.75           Polyvinylpyridine N oxide   2.5            tripropylolpropane triglycidylether   1.0            Water/Inerts   to 100%                                                 
 
         [0073]    The solution is padded on a Bounty Rinse and Reuse™ Tissue paper (basis weight 21gsm, ex Procter and Gamble, Cincinnati, Ohio) using a Werner Mathis 2 roll Padding Machine Model HVF. The nip pressure was set so as to achieve a pickup of about 120%. The padded substrate is dried and cured in a convection oven at 250° F. for 20 minutes.  
       EXAMPLE 4:  
       [0074]    A five layer dye-scavenging article is prepared as follows:  
         [0075]    Layer 1: 18gsm Softex 50% polypropylene/50% polyethylene from BBA Nonwovens,  
         [0076]    Layers 2,3 and 4: 21gsm polymer coated Bounty Rinse and Reuse™ Tissue paper from example 3  
         [0077]    Layer 5: 18gsm Softex 50% polypropylene/50% polyethylene from BBA Nonwovens  
         [0078]    Layers 2-4 are coupled together such that they form the core and layers 1 and 5 form each of the outer layers. The perimeter is glued using a hot melt water resistant glue. The layers are also point bonded together with the glue. The physical properties of the layers are shown below  
                                                                     Water                   Permeability   Taber Stiffness           % Opacity   (mL/sec/cm 2 )   Rating                                Layers   29   0.20   Not applicable       1 and 5       Layers 2-4   Not   0.23   11.5           applicable                  
 
       EXAMPLES 5-18  
       [0079]    Examples 5-18 exemplify non-wovens suitable for use as the first layer and/or any optional additional layers of the multi-layer dye scavenging article.  
         [0080]    A multi-layer dye scavenging article is produced as shown in example 1 with the following webs  
                                                                         Layer 1   Layer 2   Layer 3                                    Example   Apertured hexagonal   layer from   Apertured hexagonal       5   film, dot embossed   example 1   film, dot embossed           Code ER41 ex. PGI       Code ER41 ex. PGI       Example   Spunlace, 70% Rayon/   layer from   Spunlace, 70% Rayon/       6   30% polyester, code   example 1   30% polyester, code           5763 ex. PGI       5763 ex. PGI       Example   SMS ex. PGI Inc.   layer from   SMS ex. PGI       7       example 1       Example   Softex, 40gsm ex. BBA   layer from   Softex, 40gsm ex.       8   Nonwovens   example 1   BBA Nonwovens       Example   1.0 mil Apertured film   layer from   1.0 mil Apertured film       9   code X-26909 ex.   example 1   code X-26909 ex.           Tredegar       Tredegar       Example   Three layered apertured   layer from   Three layered       10   web   example 1   apertured web           polypopylene/Tissue/       polypopylene/Tissue/           pro       pro       Example   Through-Air Bond 60%   layer from   Through-Air Bond       11   pulp/ 40% Dankalon   example 1   60% pulp/ 40%           code 4093 ex. PGI       Dankalon code 4093                   ex. PGI       Example   Thermal Bond T-Bond   layer from   Thermal Bond T-Bond       12   Cuff code 67700 ex.   example 1   Cuff code 67700 ex.           PGI       PGI       Example   Apertured hexagonal   layer from   Absent       13   film, dot embossed   example 1           Code ER41 ex. PGI       Example   1.0 mil Apertured film   layer from   Absent       14   code X-26909 ex.   example 1           Tredegar       Compar-       ative       Examples       Example   Spunlace 55% Pulp/   layer from   Spunlace 55% Pulp/       15   45% Polyester code   example 1   45% Polyester code           5529 ex. PGI       5529 ex. PGI       Example   Thermal Bond   layer from   Thermal Bond       16   Polypropylene/rayon   example 1   Polypropylene/rayon           code 149189 ex. BBA       code 149189 ex. BBA           Nonwovwns       Nonwovens       Example   Polyethylene film 1.0   layer from   Polyethylene film 1.0       17   mil   example 1   mil       Example   Saran Wrap   layer from   Saran Wrap       18       example 1                  
 
         [0081]    The physical properties of layers 1 and 2 are shown in the table below  
                                                                                 Water               %   Permeability               Opacity   (mL/sec/cm 2 )                                        Example 5   45.5   0.40           Example 6   59.7   0.25           Example 7   36.8   0.05           Example 8   42.7   0.20           Example 9   7.7   0.09           Example 10   60.5   0.32           Example 11   33.9   0.32           Example 12   34.7   0.14           Example 13   45.5   0.40           Example 14   7.7   0.09           Example 15   71.9   0.07           Example 16   71.7   0.18           Example 17   0.2   &lt;0.01            Example 18   1.5   &lt;0.01                       
 
       EXAMPLES 19-28  
       [0082]    Examples 19-28 exemplify materials suitable for use as layer 2.  
                                                                         Layer 1   Layer 2   Layer 3                                    Example 19   18gsm Softex 50%   Visorb 110gsm 25%   18gsm Softex 50%           polypropylene/50%   bicomponent fiber, 72%   polypropylene/50%           polyethylene from   pulp, 3% latex ex.Buckeye   polyethylene from BBA           BBA Nonwovens   Technologies, Memphis,   Nonwovens               TN treated with               crosslinked polymer as               shown in Example 1       Example 20   18gsm Softex 50%   Visorb 155 gsm 25%   18gsm Softex 50%           polypropylene/50%   bicomponent fiber, 72%   polypropylene/50%           polyethylene from   pulp, 3% latex ex.Buckeye   polyethylene from BBA           BBA Nonwovens   Technologies, Memphis,   Nonwovens               TN       Example 21   18gsm Softex 50%   Airlaid 80% pulp, 20%   18gsm Softex 50%           polypropylene/50%   bonding fiber product code   polypropylene/50%           polyethylene from   GH.100.1006 ex Concert,   polyethylene from BBA           BBA Nonwovens   Germany   Nonwovens       Example 22   18gsm Softex 50%   Wetlaid 60% pulp/40%   18gsm Softex 50%           polypropylene/50%   polyester code 7925 PGI   polypropylene/50%           polyethylene from   Chicopee treated with   polyethylene from BBA           BBA Nonwovens   crosslinked polymer as   Nonwovens               shown in Example 1       Example 23   18gsm Softex 50%   Wetlaid 40% pulp/60%   18gsm Softex 50%           polypropylene/50%   polyester code 7945 PGI   polypropylene/50%           polyethylene from   Chicopee treated with   polyethylene from BBA           BBA Nonwovens   crosslinked polymer as   Nonwovens               shown in Example 1       Example 24   18gsm Softex 50%   Tissue paper (basis weight   18gsm Softex 50%           polypropylene/50%   60 gsm ex. Procter and   polypropylene/50%           polyethylene from   Gamble, Cincinnati, OH)   polyethylene from BBA           BBA Nonwovens   treated with polymer as   Nonwovens               shown in example 3       Example 25   18gsm Softex 50%   Hydroentangled web (50   18gsm Softex 50%           polypropylene/50%   gsm) sold under the trade   polypropylene/50%           polyethylene from   name Hydraspun ex.   polyethylene from BBA           BBA Nonwovens   Dexter Corp. Windsor   Nonwovens               Locks, CT treated with               polymer as shown in               Example 3       Comparative       examples       Example 26   None   Glowhite Color catcher   none               supplied by Acdo, Bolton,               England       Example 27       Visorb l03g/sq m. 16%               bicomponent fiber, 81%               pulp, 3% latex ex.Buckeye               Technologies, Memphis,               TN       Example 28       2 layers of Tissue paper,               each of basis weight 19               g/sqm sold under the Trade               name Bounty Rinse and               reuse™  ex. Procter and               Gamble, Cincinnati, OH)                  
 
         [0083]    [0083]                                                                             Water                   Permeability   Taber Stiffness               (mL/sec/cm 2 )   Rating                                        Example 19   0.2   26.4           Example 20   0.3   13.3           Example 21   0.2   7.8           Example 22   0.06   22.5           Example 23   0.05   21.3           Example 24   0.2   25.6           Example 25   0.3   8.2           Example 26   0.2   6.1           Example 27   0.3   3.7           Example 28   0.2   2.1

Technology Classification (CPC): 1