Patent Abstract:
The present invention provides a novel construction for a hypodermic syringe apparatus by the inclusion of a needle guard assembly with shielding for protection of the needle after use and preventing of the spreading of disease and/or infection to users or localized personnel prior to disposal of the disposable syringe. The assembly includes a needle cover which is preferably tubular and is movable between a retracted positioned within the syringe and a deployed position extending around the needle for preventing contact therewith. A unique locking mechanism is included with two pins and two unlocking buttons for selectively initiating unlocking of the needle cover to facilitate movement of it to the deployed position responsive to activation of a needle cover button.

Full Description:
The present utility application hereby formally claims priority of currently U.S. Provisional Patent application No. 61/686,297 filed Apr. 3, 2012 on “SAFETY SYRINGE CONSTRUCTION” filed by the same inventor listed herein, namely, Alexander Werbickas, and said referenced provisional application is hereby formally incorporated by reference as an integral part of the present application. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to the field of healthcare and medical equipment, and in particular, to subcutaneous injection devices for the injection or removal of liquid, such as blood or the like from a human body utilizing a hypodermic syringe. Such needle devices are commonly disposable immediately after use to prevent any chances of infection or the spreading of any disease carried on the used needle. More particularly, the present invention applies to constructions for such hypodermic syringes such that the needle portion thereof is guarded or shielded in such a manner as to prevent contact with health care workers or others prior to disposal thereof. 
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART 
     Various patents have been granted on a means for shielding or protecting of the disposable hypodermic syringe after use thereof as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 2,857,912 issued Oct. 28, 1958 on a “Syringe Needle Protector” patented to T. Feinstone et al; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,659,330 issued Apr. 21, 1987 on a “Hypodermic Syringe Needle Guard” to Robert Nelson et al; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,693,708 issued Sep. 15, 1987 on a “Combination Needle Shield/Needle Guard Device for A Hypodermic Syringe With A Permanently Attached Needle” to Alan A. Wanderer et al; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,735,617 patented Apr. 5, 1988 on a “Hypodermic Syringe Needle Guard” to Robert A. Nelson et al; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,826,488 patented May 2, 1989 on a “Hypodermic Syringe Needle Guard” to Robert A. Nelson et al; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,894,055 patented Jan. 16, 1990 on a “Needle Guard Assembly For Use With Hypodermic Syringes And The Like” to Paul J. Sudnak; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,897,083 patented Jan. 30, 1990 to Michael D. Martell on a “Syringe Needle Guard”; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,911,693 patented Mar. 27, 1990 to Frassetti R. Paris on a “Hypodermic Syringe Needle Guard”; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,976,702 patented Dec. 11, 1990 to E. Trent Andrews et al on a “Syringe Needle Guard”; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,994,046 patented Feb. 19, 1991 to Vann T. Wesson et al and assigned to Vann T. Wesson on a “Needle Guard For Syringe”; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,011,475 patented Apr. 30, 1991 to Richard A. Olson on a “Protector For Intravenous And Syringe Needles”; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,026,345 patented Jun. 25, 1991 to William Teringo on a “Non-Mechanical Incapacitation Syringe Safety Needle Guard; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,057,089 patented Oct. 15, 1991 to Robert M. Greco on a “Syringe Needle Guard”; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,098,403 patented Mar. 24, 1992 to Edward J. Sampson and assigned to Infusaid Inc. on a “Universal Needle Guard”; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,151,090 patented Sep. 29, 1992 to Robert J. Best et al and assigned to Abbott Laboratories on a “Syringe And Needle Guard Assembly; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,195,983 patented Mar. 23, 1993 to Ted Boese and assigned to Penta Associates on a “Syringe Guard And Disposal System; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,215,535 patented Jun. 1, 1993 to William A. Gettig et al and assigned to Gettig Technologies Incorporated on a “Needle Protector Apparatus”; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,219,338 patented Jun. 15, 1993 to Warren D. Haworth on a “Safety Syringe With Collapsible Needle Guard; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,267,972 patented Dec. 7, 1993 to Wayne W. Anderson on a “Hypodermic Syringe With Needle Guard”; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,334,155 patented Aug. 2, 1994 to Daniel Sobel on a “Hypodermic Syringe Needle Guard”; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,429,612 patented Jul. 4, 1995 to Michael Berthier and assigned to Dentoptic on a “Syringe With A Slidable Needle Protection Device”; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,431,630 patented Jul. 11, 1995 to Robert J. Leonard and assigned to Surgic-Acid, Inc. on a “Needle Guard And Nonreusable Syringe”; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,509,907 patented Apr. 23, 1996 to Al Bevilacqua and assigned to Med-Safe Products, Inc. on a “Syringe Needle Guard Assembly; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,540,667 patented Jul. 30, 1996 to John C. Tanner, II and assigned to Abbott Laboratories on a “Needle Guard Assembly For Syringe”; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,817,064 patented Oct. 6, 1998 to Anthony O. DeMarco et al and assigned to American Home Products Corporation on a “Syringe Needle Guard”; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,017,329 patented Jan. 25, 2000 to Lawrence W. Hake on a “Hypodermic Needle Guard And Method To Prevent Needle Stick Injuries”; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,086,566 patented Jul. 11, 2000 to Yves Arnissolle and assigned to Societe d&#39;Etudes et d&#39;Applications Techniques-S.E.D.A.T. on an “Injection Syringe With Movable Needle Protector”; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,149,630 patented Nov. 21, 2000 to Phillip J. Robinson and assigned to Owens-Illinois Closure Inc. on a “Syringe With Squeeze Release Needle Guard”; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,156,011 patented Dec. 5, 2000 to Wallace E. Ruminson on a “Syringe Needle Guard”; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,183,445 patented Feb. 6, 2001 to Per William Lund, et al and assigned to Radiometer Medical A/S on a “Syringe With Retractable Needle Guard”; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,537,257 patented Mar. 25, 2003 to Abraham Wien on a “Syringe With Reciprocating, Leak-Proof Needle Guard”; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,398,762 patented Jun. 4, 2002 to Helmut Vetter et al and assigned to Arzneimittel GmbH Apotheker Vetter &amp; Co. Ravensburg on a “Syringe Needle Protector”; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,976,976 patented Dec. 20, 2005 to Mark Christopher Doyle and assigned to Safety Syringes, Inc. on a “Syringe With Needle Guard Injection Device”; and U.S. Pat. No. 7,824,379 patented Nov. 2, 2010 to Mark Christopher Doyle and assigned to Safety Syringes, Inc. on a “Syringe With Needle Guard Injection Device”; and U.S. Pat. No. 7,875,006 patented Jan. 25, 2011 to Olivier Pessin and assigned to SEDAT of Irigny, (FR) on a “Needle Protection Device For A Syringe And An Injection Device Comprising A Syringe And Said Protection Device”; and U.S. Pat. No. 8,241,255 patented Aug. 14, 2012 to Mark Christopher Doyle and assigned to Safety Syringes, Inc. on a “Syringe With Needle Guard Injection Device”. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     A unique construction for a hypodermic syringe apparatus is shown in the present invention wherein a needle guard assembly is included which integrally includes a shielding for protection of the spread of disease from the needle or to prevent accidental injection of healthcare workers or other persons who may be handling the syringe apparatus prior to the disposal thereof. This apparatus includes a bushing which defines a bushing channel extending longitudinally axially therethrough and a bush aperture extending radially thereinto oriented approximately perpendicularly with respect to the bushing channel. A fluid housing is included extending into the bushing. This fluid housing defines a flashback chamber means therein which is adapted to receive fluid therewithin. A gripping mechanism is included extending around the bushing to facilitate manual operation of the hypodermic syringe apparatus. This construction defines a grip aperture extending therethrough which is positioned in relation with respect to the bushing aperture means preferably. A needle is included which defines a needle channel extending longitudinally therethrough. The needle is attached with respect to the fluid housing to facilitate fluid flow with respect thereto. For this purpose, the needle channel is in full fluid flow communication with respect to the flashback chamber defined within the fluid housing. A needle cover is included which is slideably movably positioned within the bushing channel and is movable from a retracted position within the bushing channel to a deployed position extending outwardly from the bushing channel toward and surrounding the needle for shielding thereof after use. A resilient biasing means such as a spring or the like is positioned within the bushing channel and is attached with respect to the needle cover for the purpose of continuously exerting a force thereagainst to continuously urge movement of the needle cover toward the deployed position thereof. A needle cover button is positioned extending through the grip aperture and through the bushing aperture into the bushing channel to selectively retain the needle cover in the retracted position responsive to being deactivated. The needle cover button will define a needle cover button hole extending therethrough which is selectively registrable with respect to the needle cover responsive to activation of the needle cover button to align the needle cover button hole with respect to the needle cover, and to facilitate passing thereof through the needle cover button hole to facilitate further movement of the needle cover to the deployed position thereof extending around and shielding the needle. 
     A locking mechanism is included for selectively preventing activation of the needle cover button to prevent movement of the needle cover to the deployed needle cover position when desired. This locking mechanism includes a first pin extending longitudinally within the bushing channel at a position adjacent to the needle cover button to prevent activating movement thereof. A second pin is also included extending longitudinally within the bushing channel at a position spatially disposed from the first pin. The second pin is positioned adjacent to the needle cover button to further facilitate activating movement thereof. A first unlocking button is positioned extending through the bushing at a position adjacent the first pin. The first unlocking button is responsive to being pressed to urge movement of the first pin toward the second pin. A second unlocking button is also included positioned extending through the bushing at a position adjacent to the second pin. The second unlocking button is responsive to being pressed to urge movement of the second pin toward the first pin. In this manner, the pressing of the first unlocking button and the second unlocking button, simultaneously, will cause the first and second pins to be positioned adjacent to one another and to align the first pin and the second pin with respect to the needle cover button slot thereadjacent in order to facilitate activation of the needle cover button to release the needle cover to allow movement thereof to the fully deployed position extending around the needle. 
     It is an object of the hypodermic syringe apparatus of the present invention to provide a needle guard assembly designed specifically for the purpose of shielding or protecting of a needle after use to prevent the spread of disease and/or infection thereby. 
     It is an object of the hypodermic syringe apparatus of the present invention to provide a construction for facilitating the safe disposal of single use hypodermic syringes in health environments. 
     It is an object of the hypodermic syringe apparatus of the present invention to provide a construction having a minimum number of movable parts to facilitate reliability and efficiency of operation thereof. 
     It is an object of the hypodermic syringe apparatus of the present invention to provide a coordinated three button sequentially operated construction for initially locking of the needle cover in place within the syringe and allowing movement of the needle cover toward the deployed position only after simultaneous pressing of a first and second unlocking button is performed simultaneously along with activation of a needle cover button. 
     It is an object of the hypodermic syringe apparatus of the present invention to provide a needle guard assembly which is generally tubular in configuration. 
     It is an object of the hypodermic syringe apparatus of the present invention to provide a needle guard assembly wherein a tubular needle guard extends outwardly to a deployed position completely surrounding the hypodermic needle. 
     It is an object of the hypodermic syringe apparatus of the present invention to provide a system for shielding a needle after use which is of minimal cost and is extremely easy to operate. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       While the invention is particularly pointed out and distinctly described herein, a preferred embodiment is set forth in the following detailed description which may be best understood when read in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1A  is a perspective illustration of an embodiment of a hypodermic syringe apparatus of the present invention shown with the needle cover locked in the retracted position; 
         FIG. 1B  is an illustration of the construction shown in  FIG. 1A  showing the internal parts including the needle cover button, the needle cover, the biasing means, and the first and second pins shown in the position locking the cover in the retracted position; 
         FIG. 2A  is an illustration of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 1A  immediately after unlocking of the needle cover by simultaneously pressing of the first and second unlocking buttons. 
         FIG. 2B  is an illustration of the internal parts in position as shown in  FIG. 2A  immediately after pressing of the first and second unlocking buttons; 
         FIG. 3A  is a perspective illustration of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 2A  immediately after activation of the needle cover button; 
         FIG. 3B  is an illustration of the internal working parts of  FIG. 3A  immediately after activation of the needle cover button; 
         FIG. 4A  is a perspective illustration of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 3A  shortly after the position shown in  FIG. 3A  wherein the needle cover is initiating deployment by moving to the left as shown in  FIG. 4A  toward but having not yet reached the fully deployed position; 
         FIG. 4B  is an illustration of the internal parts within the embodiment shown in  FIG. 4A  in the same position as shown in  FIG. 4A ; 
         FIG. 5A  is a perspective illustration of the embodiment as shown in  FIG. 4A  with the needle cover further extended toward the fully deployed position but not yet having reached the fully deployed position; 
         FIG. 5B  is an illustration of the internal parts within the hypodermic syringe shown in  FIG. 5A  shown at the same position as shown in  FIG. 5A ; 
         FIG. 6A  is a perspective illustration of an embodiment of the hypodermic syringe of the present invention as shown in  FIG. 5A  wherein the needle cover has moved further to be located in the fully deployed position; 
         FIG. 6B  is an illustration of the internal parts of the embodiment shown in Figure A shown in the same position as is the apparatus of Figure A; 
         FIG. 7  is a top plan view of an embodiment of the hypodermic syringe apparatus of the present invention; 
         FIG. 8  is a left side plan view of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 7 ; 
         FIG. 9  is a bottom plan view of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 7 ; 
         FIG. 10  is a right side plan view of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 7 ; 
         FIG. 11  is an end plan view of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 7  of the hypodermic syringe apparatus of the present invention shown taken from the right; 
         FIG. 12  is a rear plan view of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 7  as taken from the left; 
         FIG. 13  is an exploded view of an embodiment of the hypodermic syringe apparatus of the present invention; 
         FIG. 14  is a view of the internal parts of the present invention shown in the same position as  FIG. 1B , but illustrating the positioning of the needle therewithin with the needle initially retained extending through the needle cover button slot; 
         FIG. 15  is an illustration of internal parts of an embodiment of the present invention shown in the position illustrated in  FIG. 3B , however showing the positioning of the needle after activation of the needle cover button wherein the needle is located extending through the needle cover button hole; 
         FIG. 16  is an illustration of a preferred embodiment of the present invention in the position shown in Figure B and here showing the needle extending through the needle cover button hole with the needle cover partially in transit moving toward the deployed position; 
         FIG. 17  is an illustration of an embodiment of the internal parts of the present invention shown in the position set forth in  FIG. 6B  wherein the needle cover is in the fully deployed position; 
         FIG. 18A  is an illustration of an embodiment of the present invention which more clearly shows the fluid flow communication between the needle and the flashback chamber means; and 
         FIG. 18B  is an exploded view thereof showing the interconnection between the end cap and the end of the fluid housing and flashback chamber means therewithin. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     The present invention provides a hypodermic syringe apparatus having a needle guard assembly which makes subcutaneously injection shielding of the used needle a high priority. This construction includes a bushing  16  which comprises basically an enclosure which is usually of a tubular shape that houses the mechanism for covering the needle and other important working parts of the syringe of the present invention. The construction of the bushing  16  is such that it includes a bushing channel means  18  extending axially therethrough and a bushing aperture means  22  preferably oriented axially with respect to the bushing channel means  18  and most usually is oriented perpendicularly thereof. This bushing aperture means is designed to receive a needle cover button  38  therewithin. A fluid housing  10  is positioned immediately behind the bushing  16  preferably and defines a flashback chamber means  14  therewithin. Fluid housing  10  is designed to receive a fluid therewithin which fluid is in the process of either being injected through a needle  52  into a user, or is fluid which has been removed from the user through needle  52 . With either purpose, the shielding of the used needle after use is achievable by the construction of the present invention. Preferably, the fluid housing  10  will be a tubular structure made with a transparent or translucent material which is connected to the bushing  16  and the needle  52  on one end, and has a common luer connection means  86  on the opposite end thereof. An end cap  48  is selectively engageable therewith to close the fluid housing  10  and seal the flashback chamber means  14  therewithin as desired. 
     The present invention further includes a gripping means  24  to facilitate manual manipulation and handling of the present apparatus. This gripping means  24  preferably includes a front gripping section  26  and a rear gripping section  28 , which in this embodiment are shown spatially disposed from one another to facilitate grasping. The gripping means  24  is mounted upon the exterior portion of the bushing  16 . Preferably the gripping means  24  will also define a grip aperture means  30  therein which is preferably in registration with the bushing aperture means  22  for the purpose of receiving a needle cover button  38  extending therethrough. The two parts of the gripping means  24  preferably will be molded to the bushing  16  for the purpose of guiding the fingers of a user to hold the syringe apparatus of the present invention in the proper position in a comfortable, safe and secure manner. 
     A first unlocking button  32  will be positioned extending through the right side of the bushing  16 , and a second unlocking button  34  will be extending through the left side of the bushing  16 . Each of these unlocking buttons are operative when pressed to unlock the needle cover  53  as an initial step toward releasing thereof such that it can move to a fully extended or deployed position completely surrounding the needle  52  for shielding thereof after usage. 
     The first unlocking button  32  will be positioned in engagement with a first pin  58  located on the right side of the interior of the bushing  16  within the bushing channel  18 . A second pin  60  will be located within the bushing channel means  18  in the left portion thereof and will be positioned in abutment with respect to the second unlocking button  34 . Pressing of the first unlocking button  32  and the second unlocking button  34  simultaneously will cause the first pin  58  and the second pin  60 , which in the steady state position are separated from one another to move toward one another to become immediately adjacent with respect to each other as shown best in  FIG. 3B . This movement comprises the first step toward achieving deployment of the needle cover  53  to the fully deployed needle position  88  extending around the needle  52 . The needle  52  will preferably comprise a hollow tube of metal which is connected to the inside of the bushing  16  with one side extending completely to a position of engagement with respect to the flashback chamber means  14  and the opposite side normally comprising a sharp end which extends outside of the bushing  16  to facilitate initial placement thereof subcutaneously with respect to a patient for the purpose of either collecting or distributing subcutaneous fluid. 
     The bushing channel means  18  will define a needle cover void  50  therewithin. This embodiment comprises an annularly shaped space between the needle  52  and the bushing  16  within the bushing channel  18 . In this manner, the needle cover  53 , particularly when in the configuration shown in this embodiment wherein it has the shape of a hollow tube, can slide along this void or track inside the bushing channel means  18  of the bushing  16  to the fully deployed needle cover position  88  shown best in  FIGS. 6A and 6B . 
     A locking means  70  is configured within the construction of the hypodermic syringe apparatus of the present invention comprising multiple parts, in particular, including the first unlocking button  32 , the second unlocking button  34 , the first pin  58 , the second pin  60 , and the entire construction of the needle cover button  38 . 
     Needle cover button  38  preferably includes a needle cover button hole  40  extending axially completely therethrough generally of a round shape with a needle cover button channel  42  in communication therewith and extending downwardly from the needle cover button hole  40 . Furthermore, the needle cover button  38  will define in the lowermost surface thereof a needle cover button slot  44  which is selectively movable vertically with the needle cover button  38 . Needle cover button  38  preferably extends through the grip aperture means  30  of the front gripping section  26  and extends further into the bushing aperture means  22  defined in the bushing  16  to a position such that it extends across the bushing channel  18  and selectively blocks movement of the needle  52  along the bushing channel means  18  prior to activation of the needle cover button  38 . Preferably the needle cover button  38  is movable between a de-activated position  68  and an activated position  66 . 
     Prior to activation the body of the needle cover button  38  prevents movement of the needle cover  53  toward the fully deployed needle cover position  88 . However once activated, the needle cover button  38  will be pressed axially inwardly to achieve alignment of the needle cover button hole  40  with respect to the needle cover  53 . Once this alignment is achieved, then the needle cover  53  is free to move through the needle button hole  40  of needle cover button  38 . This movement is achieved due to the forcible bias exerted thereagainst by the resilient biasing means  56  which in this embodiment takes the form of an actuator spring means. This spring  56  urges the needle cover  53  to move along the needle cover void  50  until it reaches the fully deployed needle cover position  88  wherein the generally tubular needle cover  53  will completely surround and protect the needle  52  and prevent unwanted sticking therefrom after the desired use. It is important that the needle cover  53  be maintained in the fully deployed needle cover position  88 , and be incapable of any return movement toward the retracted position and this is achieved by the inclusion of a needle cover tab means  62  which will spring laterally outwardly from the needle cover  53 . Once it reaches the fully deployed needle cover position  88 , the lateral protrusion of the needle cover tab means  62  will prevent the needle cover  53  from moving away from the deployed needle cover position  88  once it has reached this position since return movement through the needle cover button hole  40  will be blocked by this laterally and outwardly extending tab means  62 . 
     The needle  52  is shaped like a conventional needle in that it is generally tubular and will define internally therein a needle channel means  64  extending therealong to facilitate fluid flow once the needle has penetrated to a subcutaneous level relative to the user. 
     Manipulation of the hypodermic syringe apparatus of the present invention is significantly enhanced by the inclusion of grip wings  46  and end cap  48 . The end cap  48  further provides a means for sealing the end of the fluid housing  10  to seal the flashback chamber  14 . However, it should be appreciated that removal of the end cap  48  is often needed in order to transfer fluids from the internal portion of the flashback chamber means  14  to another location for medical purposes especially when used in the mode wherein fluid is withdrawn from the subcutaneous area of a patient by the hypodermic syringe apparatus of the present invention. Full surrounding engagement of the needle cover  53  is achieved with respect to the needle  52  because the needle cover  53  is generally tubular in shape and thus defines a containment chamber means  72  therewithin, adapted to receive and completely surround and protect the needle  52  when the needle cover  53  is in the fully deployed needle cover position  88 . The front portion of the needle  52  will include a front containment opening  74  which is in full fluid flow communication with the containment chamber means  72  which allows the needle cover  53  to move to the fully deployed needle cover position  88  extending around and completely shielding the needle  52  therewithin. 
     The activation of the needle cover button  38  of the present invention is an important aspect of the present invention, and for this reason a plurality of serrations  76  are preferably defined in the external exposed portion thereof to facilitate engagement between the fingers of a user and the needle cover button  38 . It should also be appreciated that the movement of the first unlocking button  32  and the second unlocking button  34  toward one another by simultaneous pressing thereof is made along pressing direction arrows  82  and  84 . Arrow  82  shows the direction of pressing for the first unlocking button  32 , and pressing direction arrow  84  shows the direction for pressing of the second unlocking button  34 . To further facilitate this simultaneous pressing movement, the first unlocking button  32  will preferably define a first arcuate surface  78  thereon which is preferably concave. Similarly, the second unlocking button  34  will preferably define a second arcuate surface  80  thereon which is preferably concave to facilitate engagement with the finger of a user. In this manner, simultaneous movement of the first and second unlocking buttons  32  and  34  along pressing direction arrows  82  and  84  will be able to be performed simultaneously to achieve unlocking of the apparatus of the present invention. Thereafter, the serrations  76  will enhance engagement between the fingers of a user and the uppermost portion of the needle cover button  38  such that the needle cover button  38  can be fully activated and in this manner release the needle cover  53  such that it can move along the needle cover void  50  to the fully deployed needle cover position  88  extending completely around and protecting and guarding of the needle  52 . 
     Use of the hypodermic syringe apparatus of the present invention is shown in various drawings enclosed herein. The inserting and removing of a needle  52  will be achieved by a person while holding the bushing  16  which is generally tubular in shape near the first and second unlocking buttons  32  and  34  located on the right and left portions, respectively, of bushing  16 . Normally, the person will use a thumb and index or middle finger in engagement with each of the first arcuate surface  78  of button  32  and the second arcuate surface  80  of button  34 . In this manner, simultaneous pressing thereof will achieve. These surfaces along with the configuration of the configuration of the front and rear gripping sections  26  and  28  of gripping means  24  are shaped and formed in such a particular way that the fingers of the user will easily and comfortably be positionable to achieve a secure grip. The use of the two gripping sections  26  and  28  for the gripping means  24  will enhance the ability of the fingers to be in the safest position possible in order to create a sturdy grip to significantly reduce any possible slipping. The grip  24  is also unique because it guides the user into holding the hypodermic syringe apparatus of the present invention in a natural manner, and is can be used easily by a person who is naturally left handed or right handed. The hypodermic syringe apparatus of the present invention facilitates the operation of this construction with a single hand, rather than requiring a two handed operation which can significantly be more cumbersome. Further, the configuration of the gripping means  24  will elevate the hypodermic syringe apparatus above the skin of a user in certain areas and give full breathability to the skin by letting air travel under the exterior of the needle  52 . Even when the hypodermic syringe is taped to the body of a user for long periods, such as with intravenous connections, the configuration of the grip  24  into two separate parts, namely, the front gripping section  26  and the rear gripping section  28 , will slide onto the bushing  16  or can be molded into the configuration of the bushing  16 , and, in that manner, create a single integral easily gripped construction for the bushing  16 . 
     When the user is injecting the needle  52  subcutaneously with respect to a patient, it is important that none of the three activating buttons be pressed or activated. That is, it is important that the needle cover button  38  and the first unlocking button  32  and the second unlocking button  34 , are not pressed or activated in any manner during injection during subcutaneous injection of needle  52 . In this manner, the needle cover  53  will be maintained in the steady state initial retracted needle cover position within the bushing  16 . A successful injection will result in fluid ultimately filling the flashback chamber means  14  which is of a size and shape to conveniently engage any conventional luer lock fitting of external equipment for any purpose. 
     Preferably, the resilient spring biasing means  56  will be approximately the same diameter as the needle cover  53  such that it will press the needle cover  53  against the solid portion against the solid body portion of the needle cover button  38  and thus allow the needle cover  53  to be held in position within the bushing  16  where it is retracted both before and during subcutaneous penetration by the needle  52 . The unlocking button hinge, namely the first pin  58  and the second pin  60 , are connected to the unlocking buttons  32  and  34 , and block the needle cover button  38  from being activated and moving downwardly as shown in  FIG. 1A . 
     Thus, before activation the force exerted by the resilient biasing means  56  will not be able to move the needle cover  53  away from the retracted position. Prior to activation, the unlocking buttons  32  and  34  will be protruding slightly from the exterior surface of the bushing  16 , and the unlocking button pins  58  and  60  will be spatially disposed from one another. In this position, the needle cover button  38  will be in the outwardly most extended position which is the deactivated position. Also in this position, the needle cover  53  will be positioned within the bushing channel  18  of bushing  16  between the needle cover button  38  and the resilient biasing actuator spring  56 . In this position, the spring will be compressed between the bushing  16  and the needle cover  53 . 
     However, after the needle  52  is removed from the patient, the needle cover  53  preferably will become activated by sequential and/or simultaneous operations of one or more of the three buttons. To achieve activation, the right and left unlock buttons  32  and  34  are pressed inwardly along direction lines  82  and  84  toward one another preferably by being pressed together or squeezed between the thumb and middle finger of a user. This movement causes the right and left or first and second unlocking buttons  32  and  34  to move horizontally toward one another, which then moves the left and right unlocking button pins  58  and  60  toward one another to a final position wherein they are immediately adjacent to one another. Thereafter, the needle cover button  38  is activated by pressing down by the index finger of the user. 
     As the needle cover button  38  moves downwardly as shown in  FIGS. 3A and 3B . The needle cover button slot  44  will slide downwardly to a position extending over and around the first and second unlocking buttons  32  and  34  while the needle cover button channel  42  allows the needle cover button  38  to move without contacting the needle  52 . Simultaneously, the needle cover  53  will become registered or line up with the needle cover button hole  40 . This alignment allows the needle cover  53  to slide into the needle cover button hole  40  in a direction toward the needle  52 . Thus, the needle cover  53  will move along the needle cover void  50  which is an annular space between the needle  52  and the bushing  16 . Due to the force exerted thereon by the resilient actuator spring  56  such that it can move to a position completely covering and shielding the needle  52 , which is defined as the fully deployed needle cover position  88  as shown best in  FIGS. 6A and 6B . In this manner, any excess fluids can be collected from the needle area and unwanted piercing by the needle  52  after subcutaneous use thereof will be prevented. Preferably, the length of the needle cover  53  is greater than the length of the needle  52 , and it is preferably that the needle cover  53  will stop before completely exiting the bushing  16 , but after it is fully covered and surrounded by the needle  52 . This is a single use action, and once the needle cover  53  is deployed, the hypodermic syringe apparatus of the present invention should be discarded. It is the small needle cover tab  62  that prevents the needle cover  53  from moving backwardly or from the fully deployed needle position to a retracted position. The needle cover button  38  stops the needle cover  53  from moving backward by contacting the needle cover tab and creating the needle cover tab  62 , and in this manner creating a lock that cannot be disabled. This construction prevents accidental needle stick injuries because the needle is prevented from being exposed again and thus the hypodermic syringe apparatus can be easily and safely discarded. 
     After activation, the hypodermic syringe apparatus of the present invention is extended and locked into position best shown in  FIGS. 6A and 6B  which shows the needle cover  53  located in the fully deployed needle cover position  88 . To allow this movement, the user must press inwardly on the first unlocking button  32  on the right, and the second unlocking button  34  on the left. Such pressure exerted by preferably the thumb and forefinger of the user will cause the unlocking buttons  32  and  34  to move toward one another. This mutual movement of buttons  32  and  34  will cause the first pin  58  on the right and the second pin  60  on the left to be moved toward one another to a position where they will be immediately adjacent one another. In this position, when the needle cover button  38  is activated or pressed downwardly, the needle cover button hole  40  defined within needle cover button  38 , will come into registration with the needle cover  53 . This coaxial alignment between the needle cover  53  and the needle cover button hole  40  in the needle cover button  38  will allow the needle cover  53  to easily pass therethrough responsive to the pressure exerted thereon by the resiliently biasing actuator spring means  56 . 
     The movement described immediately hereabove is also shown in the  FIGS. 14 and 15 .  FIG. 14  shows the hypodermic syringe apparatus of the present application before activation. In this position, the needle cover button channel  42  cradles the needle  52 . The central and rear portion of the needle  52  are both covered at this time by the needle cover  53 , and compressed resilient biasing means  56 . The body of the needle cover button at this position prior to activation will effectively block the needle cover  53  from entering the needle cover button hole  40  because they are not aligned with respect to one another. 
     Moving up from  FIG. 14  to  FIG. 15 , it is apparent that  FIG. 15  shows the apparatus of the present invention after removal of the needle  52  from the patient. At this point, the healthcare worker will press the first unlocking button  32  and the second unlocking button  34  toward one another which will urge the first pin  58  and second pin  60  to also move toward one another to a position where they are virtually adjacent. Thereafter, the healthcare worker will activate the needle covering option of this design by activating the needle cover button  38  by pressing downwardly thereon normally with the forefinger, while in engagement with respect to the serrations  76  defined in the uppermost portion thereof. Responsive to this activation, the needle cover button  38  will move downwardly and the needle  52  will now be positioned in the needle cover button hole  40  rather than in the needle cover button channel  42 . Because initially needle  52  will remain stationary immediately after activation prior to the needle cover button hole  40  moving downwardly sufficiently to come into alignment with the needle cover  53 . Once the needle cover button  38  is moved sufficiently downwardly that the needle cover button hole  40  comes into registration with the needle cover  53 , it will allow the needle cover  53  to move through the needle cover button hole  40  and initiate its movement toward the fully deployed needle cover position  88 .  FIG. 16  shows the apparatus of the present invention at an intermediate stage during movement thereof toward the fully deployed needle cover position  88 . The needle cover button hole  40  has lined up with the needle cover  53  and the needle cover  53  is passed partially therethrough and is moving toward the fully deployed needle cover position  88 . The spring or other resilient biasing means  56  urges the needle cover  53  to initiate this movement.  FIG. 17  shows the final position of the needle cover  53  after movement such that it completely surrounds and protects the needle  52 . Preferably the front containment opening  74  defined in the front of the generally tubular needle  52  will extend beyond the needle tip and in this manner assure effective shielding thereof. In this position, note that the needle covered tab  62  has deployed thus preventing any backwards movement of the needle cover  53  away from the deployed position, and thus it is locked in the fully deployed needle cover position  88 . 
       FIG. 18A  and  FIG. 18B  include an exploded view of the fluid flow communication between the internal needle channel means  64  of needle  52 , and the flashback chamber means  14  defined within the fluid housing  10 . Fluid housing  10  provides the means for connecting fluid flow if desired with respect to any external medical equipment. For example, in this embodiment, a female luer lock connection  86  is shown at the outer end of the flashback chamber means  14  of the fluid housing  10 , to facilitate connecting of the end of the syringe apparatus of the present invention with respect to any external equipment as may be needed for any purpose. Such a connection would of course require the removal of the end cap  48  from engagement with respect to this luer lock connection  86 . 
     While particular embodiments of this invention have been shown in the drawings and described above, it will be apparent that many changes may be made in the form, arrangement and positioning of the various elements of the combination. In consideration thereof, it should be understood that preferred embodiments of this invention disclosed herein are intended to be illustrative only and not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

Technology Classification (CPC): 0