Patent Abstract:
A data storage system ( 1 ) comprises: an optical disc ( 2 ), preferably a CD, a DVD, or a BD, having a storage space ( 3 ) for data; a disc drive ( 10 ) suitable for writing/reading information to/from the disc ( 2 ); and a host device ( 20 ) capable of cooperating with the disc drive. The disc drive ( 10 ) is designed to receive ( 5 ) from the host device ( 20 ) a write command (WRITE( 10 ); WRITE ( 12 ) {SB=0}; WRITE ( 12 ) {SB=I}) or a read command (READ( 10 ); READ ( 12 ) {SB=0}; READ ( 12 ) {SB=1}). The disc drive is capable of operating in a normal mode and in at least one enhanced mode, the disc drive being responsive to a mode select command received from the host ( 20 ) to set its operative mode to a corresponding one of said modes; wherein, at least when an error occurs during writing, the medium access device acts differently in the enhanced mode as compared to the normal mode.

Full Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention relates in general to the field of storing data on a recordable medium. The present invention relates particularly to the field of optical storage, such as CD, DVD, BluRay, and the invention will be explained hereinafter for the case of BluRay, but it is to be noted that this is by way of example only and is not intended to restrict the scope of the invention. The gist of the present invention is also applicable to other types of record discs, either optical or not, and the gist of the present invention is even applicable to recordable media other than disc type. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    Since the technology of optical data storage in general, including the way in which information can be stored in an optical disc, is commonly known, it is not necessary here to explain this technology in great detail. It is briefly summarized that an optical storage disc comprises at least one track, either in the form of a continuous spiral or in the form of multiple concentric circles, of storage space where information may be stored in the form of a data pattern. The storage space is divided into blocks. The data to be written is organized into data sectors, each sector comprising a user data portion and a header portion. A data sector is written into a storage block. 
         [0003]    Optical discs may be read-only type. In that case, the information, which is put on the disc during the manufacturing process, can only be read by a user. However, the optical storage disc may also be a writable or recordable type, in which case information may be stored by a user; this information can then be retrieved later. 
         [0004]    For writing information into the storage space of a writable optical storage disc, or for reading information from the storage space of a writable or read-only optical storage disc, the storage track is scanned by an optical beam, typically a laser beam. The actual handling of the storage disc is performed by an apparatus that will be indicated as disc drive apparatus. This handling includes the functions of receiving, holding, and rotating the disc. This handling also includes the functions of generating the laser beam(s); directing, focussing and displacing the laser beam(s); suitably modulating the laser beam(s) for writing; sensing the reflected beam(s) for reading. This handling also includes the functions of error correction, deciding which information to write at which physical addresses, etc. 
         [0005]    The above-mentioned general functions of the disc drive apparatus are known per se. The present invention is not aiming at improving these general functions; in fact, the present invention may be implemented while using the general functions according to the state of the art. Therefore, a more detailed description and explanation of these general functions is omitted here. It suffices to say that the disc drive apparatus has a data input for receiving data-to-be-stored, and a data output for outputting data-read-from-disc. 
         [0006]    Typically, apart from an optical disc as a record medium and a disc drive apparatus for handling the disc, an optical storage system comprises a host apparatus. The host apparatus, which may be a PC running a suitable program, or an application of a consumer apparatus such as a video recorder, is a device which communicates with the disc drive, sending commands to the disc drive instructing the disc drive what to do. In a reading mode, the host apparatus sends read commands to the disc drive, instructing the disc drive to read data from a certain storage location; in response, the disc drive reads data from the disc and transfers the data to the host apparatus. In a writing mode, the host apparatus transfers data to the disc drive, and sends write commands to the disc drive, instructing the disc drive to write the data to a certain storage location; in response, the disc drive writes the data received from the host. 
         [0007]    Thus, for communication with the disc drive, the host apparatus has a data output for transferring data-to-be-stored, and a data input for receiving data-read-from-disc. Further, the host has a command output for sending command signals to the disc drive, and the disc drive has a command input for receiving command signals from the host. The command output may be separate from the data output, or it may be one combined output. 
         [0008]    Basically, the disc drive can only do as instructed, i.e. just read or write. However, errors may occur in these operations. The disc drive may try to correct these errors, but this takes time and consequently reduces the information throughput rate. Depending on the “intentions” of the host, it may or may not be acceptable to reduce the information throughput rate. A problem is that the disc drive can not derive the host&#39;s intentions from the data: for the disc drive, all data are equal, namely a succession of bytes. 
         [0009]    For instance, in case the data relates to a text document, it is important to have all data with as few errors as possible, even if the transfer process takes somewhat longer. On the other hand, in case the data relate to a video or audio recording, it is important that the data stream continues: an error may cause an artefact in the image, but a time consuming error correction process may result in a screen without image at all. 
         [0010]    Thus, it is desirable for the host to be able to send instructions to the disc drive relating to the way in which the disc drive should deal with the data, especially in case of errors. Especially, depending on whether integrity of the data is important, or whether high throughput is important, it should be possible for the host to change the operational behaviour of the disc drive. 
         [0011]    In principle, these problems could be solved by including corresponding instructions in the write or read commands, respectively. However, the formats of the write command and of the read command are fixed in corresponding standards, as will be clear to persons skilled in the art, and these formats have no room for additional instructions. Again, in principle, it is possible to redefine the formats of the write command and of the read command, but this would introduce the problem that the redefined format is not compatible with the existing format. An old host implementing the old format would be unable to cooperate with a new disc drive implementing the new format, and a new host implementing the new format would be unable to cooperate with an old disc drive implementing the old format. 
         [0012]    Currently, the applicable standard defines two command structures for the read command, indicated as READ( 10 ) and READ( 12 ), respectively. Likewise, the applicable standard defines two command structures for the write command, indicated as WRITE( 10 ) and WRITE( 12 ), respectively. With respect to the READ( 10 )/WRITE( 10 ) commands, the READ( 12 )/WRITE( 12 ) commands contain more bits, in order to be able to address disc drives having a larger data storage capacity. These READ( 12 )/WRITE( 12 ) commands do include one bit that is available to the host for changing the disc drive&#39;s operational quality: this is the so-called “streaming bit”, hereinafter indicates as SB. The READ( 10 )/WRITE( 10 ) commands do not have such bit. 
         [0013]    According to the current standard, this bit SB is used to set the level of integrity for the disc drive. If this bit is set (SB=1), indicating that the host is operating in a streaming mode (such as video) and therefore is expecting a continuous data stream, the disc drive (in a reading mode) will deliver to the host the data read from disc, regardless of its integrity (i.e. the possible occurrence of errors), and the disc drive will not even inform the host whether or not errors have occurred. This may be fine for CD, in which case the host is capable of determining, from examining the received data, whether or not the data is corrupt, and error correction codes are available; however, in the case of DVD, BD, HD, this is not possible for the host. Thus, it is further desirable that the host be informed of possible corrupted data. 
         [0014]    If, in contrast, said bit is not set (SB=0), indicating that the host is operating in a mode where it expects the highest level of data handling integrity from the disc drive, the disc drive (in a reading mode) may consume time by retrying to read data from bad blocks or by jumping to and from replacement locations. Thus, using the commands currently available, the host can only choose between a data processing mode with high throughput and low (at least unspecified) integrity (SB=1) and a data processing mode with low throughput and high integrity (SB=0). This applies only to hosts capable of using the READ( 12 )/WRITE( 12 ) commands; in the case of hosts which are only capable of using the READ( 10 )/WRITE( 10 ) commands, the resulting disc drive operation corresponds to the case SB=0 for READ ( 12 )/WRITE ( 12 ) commands. 
         [0015]    Accordingly, an important objective of the present invention is to overcome the above problems. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0016]    According to an important aspect of the present invention, a disc drive is capable of operating in an enhanced mode, and is responsive to a host command for switching between operating in the enhanced mode and operating in a normal mode. The host command is advantageously a mode selection command incorporated in a Mode Page Command, which is a command of which the format is proposed by the National Committee for Information Technology Standards (NCITS): Working Draft, T10/1363-D, Revision 10g, Nov. 12, 2001, “INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY—SCSI Multimedia Commands”—(revision MMC10g, hereinafter briefly indicated as MMC-3). 
         [0017]    The mode selection command may correspond to one bit in the Mode Page Command. Hosts which do not implement the present invention will set this bit to value zero; a disc drive implemented in accordance with the present invention will interpret this as indicating a command for operating in the normal mode. In the normal mode, the disc drive will operate as described above, like prior-art disc drives. A disc drive which does not implement the present invention will ignore the mode selection command bit, and will operate as before, in what we now call “normal mode”. 
         [0018]    A host implementing the present invention may set the mode selection command bit to 1; a disc drive implementing the present invention will interpret this as indicating a command for operating in the enhanced mode. In the enhanced mode, the disc drive responds differently to READ ( 10 )/WRITE ( 10 ) commands, READ( 12 )/WRITE( 12 ) commands with SB=0, and READ( 12 )/WRITE( 12 ) commands with SB=1, as compared to normal mode. In any case, an error message will be sent to the host. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0019]    These and other aspects, features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained by the following description with reference to the drawings, in which same reference numerals indicate same or similar parts, and in which: 
           [0020]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram schematically illustrating a data storage system; 
           [0021]      FIGS. 2A and 2B  are tables illustrating command descriptor blocks of read commands; 
           [0022]      FIGS. 3A and 3B  are tables illustrating command descriptor blocks of write commands; 
           [0023]      FIGS. 4A and 4B  are tables illustrating a command descriptor block of a mode page command; 
           [0024]    FIGS.  5  and  6 A-G are flow diagrams illustrating the operation of a disc drive in accordance with the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0025]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram schematically illustrating a data storage system  1 , comprising a data storage medium  2 , a medium access device  10 , and a host device  20 . In a typical practical implementation, the host device  20  may be a suitably programmed personal computer (PC); it is also possible that the data storage system  1  is implemented as a dedicated user apparatus such as a video recorder, in which case the host device  20  is the application part of such apparatus. In a specific embodiment, the data storage medium  2  is implemented as an optical disc, for instance a DVD or a BD, in which case the medium access device  10  is implemented as a disc drive. In the following, the invention will be described specifically for an optical disc implementation, but it is noted that the present invention is not limited to optical discs. 
         [0026]    The optical disc  2  has a storage space  3 , which has the form of one or more continuous spiral-shaped tracks or one or more tracks in the form of multiple concentric circles, where information can be stored in the form of a data pattern. Since this technology is commonly known to persons skilled in the art, this technology will not be explained in further detail. 
         [0027]    In  FIG. 1 , a host/drive communication link between host device  20  and disc drive  10  is indicated at  5 . Likewise, a drive/disc communication link between disc drive  10  and disc  2  is indicated at  6 . The drive/disc communication link  6  represents the physical (optical) read/write operation as well as the physical addressing of blocks of the storage space  3 . The host/drive communication link  5  represents a data transfer path as well as a command transfer path. 
         [0028]    When the host device  20  wants to access a certain piece of information on the disc  2 , it sends a command to the disc drive  10 , indicating the logical address on disc where the information is to be found. In response, the disc drive  10  starts reading the information starting at the said logical address, and transfers the data read to the host over the link  5 . Since the process of data transfer from disc drive to host is known per se, it is not necessary here to explain such process in greater detail. 
         [0029]      FIG. 2A  is a table illustrating a READ( 12 ) command descriptor block. As illustrated by the table 1 in  FIG. 2A , the READ( 12 ) command comprises 12 bytes of 8 bits each. Byte  0  contains an operation code, bytes  2 - 5  are used to indicate the logical block address of the storage space where the data should be read, and bytes  6 - 9  are used to indicate the length of the data sector to be transferred. Byte  11  is a control byte. Bit  7  of byte  10  is the streaming bit discussed above. 
         [0030]    Bits  1 ,  2  and  5 - 7  of byte  1 , and bytes  0 - 6  of byte  10  are reserved for later definition, i.e. they do not have a defined meaning yet. So, it is possible to use any one of these bits as a mode command bit. 
         [0031]    A READ( 10 ) command is similar to the READ( 12 ) command, but has only 10 bytes, reducing the maximum block address that can be addressed by this command. 
         [0032]      FIG. 2B  is a table illustrating a READ( 10 ) command descriptor block. As illustrated by the table 2 in  FIG. 2B , the READ( 10 ) command comprises 10 bytes of 8 bits each. Byte  0  contains an operation code, bytes  2 - 5  are used to indicate the logical block address of the storage space where the data should be read, and bytes  7 - 8  are used to indicate the length of the data sector to be transferred. Byte  9  is a control byte. 
         [0033]    Bits  1 ,  2  and  5 - 7  of byte  1 , and bytes  0 - 7  of byte  6  are reserved for later definition, i.e. they do not have a defined meaning yet. So, it is possible to use any one of these bits as a mode command bit. 
         [0034]    When the host device  20  wants to write a certain piece of information to the disc  2 , it sends a command to the disc drive  10 , indicating the logical address on disc where the information is to be written, and also transfers the data to be written to the disc drive  10  over the link  5 . In response, the disc drive  10  starts writing the information received, starting at the said logical address. Since the process of data transfer from host to disc drive is known per se, it is not necessary here to explain such process in greater detail. 
         [0035]      FIG. 3A  is a table illustrating a WRITE( 12 ) command descriptor block. As illustrated by the table 3 in  FIG. 3A , the WRITE( 12 ) command comprises 12 bytes of 8 bits each. Byte  0  contains an operation code, bytes  2 - 5  are used to indicate the logical block address of the storage space where the data should be stored, and bytes  6 - 9  are used to indicate the length of the data sector to be transferred. Byte  11  is a control byte. Bit  7  of byte  10  is the streaming bit discussed above. 
         [0036]    Bits  1 ,  5 - 7  of byte  1 , and bytes  0 - 6  of byte  10  are reserved for later definition, i.e. they do not have a defined meaning yet. So, it is possible to use any one of these bits as a mode command bit. 
         [0037]    A WRITE( 10 ) command is similar to the WRITE( 12 ) command, but has only 10 bytes, reducing the maximum block address that can be addressed by this command. 
         [0038]      FIG. 3B  is a table illustrating a WRITE( 10 ) command descriptor block. As illustrated by the table 4 in  FIG. 3B , the WRITE( 10 ) command comprises 10 bytes of 8 bits each. Byte  0  contains an operation code, bytes  2 - 5  are used to indicate the logical block address of the storage space where the data should be stored, and bytes  7 - 8  are used to indicate the length of the data sector to be transferred. Byte  9  is a control byte. 
         [0039]    Bits  1 ,  2 ,  5 - 7  of byte  1 , and bytes  0 - 7  of byte  6  are reserved for later definition, i.e. they do not have a defined meaning yet. So, it is possible to use any one of these bits as a mode command bit. 
         [0040]    Using one of the bits of the READ or WRITE commands as a mode command bit implies that the parameters of the READ or WRITE commands, respectively, should be modified for each command, and apply only to the specific command. This may in practice be inconvenient. According to the invention, it is preferred to set the drive in an operative mode that applies to all applications accessing the drive without the necessity that such applications be modified. Therefore, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a bit of a MODE PAGE command is used as a mode command bit. 
         [0041]      FIG. 4A  is a table illustrating a MODE PAGE command descriptor block in general;  FIG. 4B  is a table illustrating a MODE PAGE command descriptor block specifically for CD. As illustrated by the table in  FIG. 4A , the size of the MODE PAGE command is not fixed; the size is defined in byte  1 . Bits  0 - 5  of byte  0  contain a page code, which is 0Dh in the example of  FIG. 4B . In that same example, byte  2  and bits  4 - 7  of byte  3  are reserved for later definition, i.e. they do not have a defined meaning yet. The same applies in general for bit  6  of byte  0 . So, it is possible to use any one of these bits as a mode command bit. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, bit  6  of byte  0  is used as mode command bit, which will hereinafter be indicated as MCB. 
         [0042]    The value MCB=0 means “normal mode”, which is compatible with current hosts  20  and current disc drives  10 . Current hosts, and hosts which do not implement the present invention, will not set this bit, so this bit will have the default value zero. Disc drives implementing the present invention will read the value of MCB, and are responsive to the value MCB=0 by setting the operative mode to “normal mode”, or maintaining this mode. Current disc drives, and disc drives which do not implement the present invention, will ignore MCB, and will operate as in prior art, i.e. in “normal mode”. 
         [0043]    A host implementing the present invention may either send a MODE PAGE command with MCB=0, thus effectively sending a mode command for “normal mode”, or may send a MODE PAGE command with MCB=1, thus effectively sending a mode command for “enhanced mode”, depending on the type of quality service the host is expecting from the disc drive. Sending a MODE PAGE command with MCB=1 will have no effect in case the disc drive is a current disc drive, or anyway a disc drive which does not implement the present invention. Disc drives implementing the present invention will read the value of MCB, and are responsive to the value MCB=1 by setting the operative mode to “enhanced mode”, or maintaining this mode. 
         [0044]    As long as a disc drive does not receive a MODE command, it will maintain the operative mode as set by the last MODE command, until receiving a next MODE command. After power on or reset, the disc drive will start in the normal mode. 
         [0045]      FIG. 5  is a flow diagram schematically illustrating an embodiment of the operation  50  of a disc drive  10  implementing the present invention. This embodiment is selected to clarify the difference between “normal mode” and “enhanced mode” as clearly as possible. 
         [0046]    In step  51 , the disc drive  10  checks whether it receives a command from the host. If so, the disc drive  10  checks in step  52  whether the command is a MODE command. If so, the disc drive  10  checks in step  53  whether MCB=1. If so, the disc drive  10  sets its operative mode to “enhanced mode” (by setting a flag in a memory location, or the like, as will be clear to a person skilled in the art) [step  54 ], otherwise the disc drive  10  sets its operative mode to “normal mode” [step  55 ]. Then, the disc drive  10  returns to step  51  to await further commands. 
         [0047]    If in step  52  it appears that the command received is not a MODE command, the disc drive  10  checks in step  60  whether the command is a READ command, a WRITE command, or some other command which is not relevant for the present invention; in the latter case, the disc drive  10  continues with performing the commanded task in step  61 . 
         [0048]    If in step  60  it appears that the command received is a READ( 12 ) command, the disc drive  10  checks in step  62  the value of SB. Likewise, if in step  60  it appears that the command received is a WRITE( 12 ) command, the disc drive  10  checks in step  63  the value of SB. So, there are six different situations possible: the command received is a READ( 10 ) command, a WRITE( 10 ) command, a READ( 12 ){SB=0} command, a WRITE( 12 ){SB=0} command, a READ( 12 ){SB=1} command, a WRITE( 12 ){SB=1} command. For each of these situations, the operation of the disc drive  10  will be described separately (operations  110 ,  130 ,  140 ,  160 ,  180 ,  220 ), with reference to  FIGS. 6A-G . 
         [0049]    If the command is a WRITE( 10 ) command, the disc drive performs operation  110 , illustrated in  FIG. 6A . The disc drive receives data from the host [step  111 ] and writes these data to disc [step  112 ]. In step  113 , the disc drive checks whether an error has occurred; if not, the disc drive continues with step  111 . 
         [0050]    If an error has occurred, the disc drive determines whether it is operating in normal mode or in enhanced mode [step  114 ]. In normal mode, the disc drive tries to reallocate the data to a spare sector [step  115 ], updates the defect list [step  116 ], and continues [step  117 ] with receiving data from the host [step  111 ]. 
         [0051]    If the disc drive is operating in enhanced mode, the disc drive tries to reallocate the data to a spare sector [step  118 ] and to update the defect list [step  119 ], comparable to steps  115  and  116  in normal mode. Then, deviating from the normal mode, the disc drive sends an error message to the host [step  120 ], and stops the writing process to await instructions from the host [step  121 ]. In a variation, step  115  and  118  can be combined into one step that is executed before step  114 . The same applies to steps  116  and  119 . 
         [0052]    If the command is a WRITE( 12 ){SB=1} command, the disc drive executes the operation  130 , illustrated in  FIG. 6B . Steps  131  to  134  are identical to steps  111  to  114 , respectively, of operation  110 . If an error is found and the disc drive is operating in normal mode, the disc drive continues [step  135 ] to step  131 , similar to step  117  of operation  110 , skipping the steps  115  and  116  of operation  110 . If an error occurs and the disc drive is operating in enhanced mode, the disc drive sends an error message to the host [step  136 ] and stop to await instructions from the host [step  137 ], similar to steps  120  and  121  of operation  110 , thus skipping steps  118  and  119  of operation  110 . 
         [0053]    If the command is a WRITE( 12 ){SB=0} command, the disc drive executes operation  140 , illustrated in  FIG. 6C . Steps  141  to  151  of operation  140  are identical to steps  111  to  121 , respectively, of operation  110 , so it is not necessary to explain these steps again. It is noted that, basically, operation  140  is identical to operation  110 . 
         [0054]    If the command is a READ( 10 ) command, the disc drive executes operation  160 , illustrated in  FIG. 6D . In step  161 , the disc drive reads data from disc, and in step  162  the disc drive checks whether an error has occurred. If no error occurs, the disc drive sends the data to the host [step  171 ], and continues with reading next data [step  172 ]. 
         [0055]    If it is found that the data contains an error, the disc drive determines whether it is operating in normal mode or in enhanced mode [step  164 ]. If the disc drive is operating in normal mode, it will consult the defect list [step  165 ] to determine whether the data has been reallocated to a replacement sector [step  166 ]; if so, the disc drive jumps to the replacement sector [step  167 ] and continues at step  162 . If no reallocation has taken place, the disc drive investigates in step  168  whether the error is due to a bad sector. If so, the disc drive may try to read this sector again for a number of times [step  169 ], and if this is successful [step  170 ], the disc drive will send the data to the host [step  171 ]. If the retry does not bring any success, or if the error is not due to a bad sector, the disc drive ignores the error and continues with reading next data [step  172 ]. 
         [0056]    If an error occurs while the disc drive is operating in enhanced mode, the disc drive will send an error message to the host [175] and stops reading the data to await instructions from the host [step  176 ]. 
         [0057]    If the command is a READ( 12 ){SB=1} command, the disc drive executes operation  180 , illustrated in  FIGS. 6E and 6F . Steps  181  to  192  are identical to steps  161  to  172  of operation  160 , so it is not necessary to explain these steps again. It is just noted that the effect of the READ ( 12 ) {SB=1} command is identical to the effect of the READ ( 10 ) command when the disc drive is operating in normal mode. 
         [0058]    When the disc drive is operating in enhanced mode, the disc drive continues [step  200 ] to consult the defect list [step  201 ] to see whether the data has been reallocated to a replacement sector; if so, the disc drive ignores the replacement sector, and just sends an error message to the host [step  209 ], and then is ready to read next data [step  208 ] by jumping back to step  181 . 
         [0059]    If in step  202  it appears that the data has not been reallocated, the disc drive determines in step  203  whether the error is due to a bad sector; if not, the disc drive continues at step  209  as described above. 
         [0060]    If the error is due to a bad sector, it may be possible to obtain the data by retrying, but, in order to avoid a situation where the data flow to the host is interrupted, the disc drive checks first whether there is sufficient data in its output buffer  11  [step  204 ] indicating that the host can receive data for some time without the disc drive needing to immediately provide new data. If the amount of data in the output buffer  11  is insufficient, the disc drive continues with step  209  as described above. In contrast, if there is sufficient data in the output buffer  11 , the disc drive will try to read the data again [step  205 ] and determines in step  206  whether the retry has been successful. If not, the disc drive can retry again by jumping back to step  204 . If the retry was successful, the disc drive sends the data to the host [step  207 ], and is ready to receive next data [step  208 ] by jumping back to step  181 . 
         [0061]    If the command is a READ( 12 ){SB=0} command, the disc drive executes operation  220 , illustrated in  FIG. 6G . Steps  221  to  224  of operation  220  are identical to steps  161  to  164  of operation  160 , so it is not necessary to explain these steps again. If the disc drive is operating in normal mode, the disc drive sends an error message to the host [step  225 ], and stops reading to await instruction from the host [step  226 ]. This corresponds to the enhanced mode in the case of a READ( 10 ) command (steps  175 - 176 ). 
         [0062]    If the disc drive is operating in enhanced mode, it will consult the defect list [step  227 ] to find whether the data has been reallocated to a replacement sector. If so, the disc drive ignores the replacement sector, and just sends an error message to the host [step  235 ] and is ready to read next data [step  233 ] by jumping back to step  221 . 
         [0063]    If in step  228  it appears that the data has not been reallocated, the disc drive determines in step  229  whether the errors in the data are due to a bad sector. If not, the disc drive continues at step  235  as described above, but if the error is due to a bad sector, the disc drive may try to obtain the requested data by reading the bad sector again for a number of times [step  230 ], giving it its best effort. The number of times (x) that the disc drive tries to read the bad sector again may be fixed or may vary depending on circumstances. It should be clear that, for higher x, the chances on successfully reading the data are higher, but the payoff is that the reading process takes longer. 
         [0064]    If a retry is successful [step  231 ], the disc drive will send the data to the host [step  232 ], and is then ready to read next data [step  233 ] by returning to step  221 . Otherwise, after trying for a number of times, the disc drive gives up [step  231 ] and continues with step  235  as described above. 
         [0065]    It should be clear to a person skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments discussed above, but that several variations and modifications are possible within the protective scope of the invention as defined in the appending claims. 
         [0066]    In the above, the present invention has been explained with reference to block diagrams, which illustrate functional blocks of the device according to the present invention. It is to be understood that one or more of these functional blocks may be implemented in hardware, where the function of such functional block is performed by individual hardware components, but it is also possible that one or more of these functional blocks are implemented in software, so that the function of such functional block is performed by one or more program lines of a computer program or a programmable device such as a microprocessor, microcontroller, digital signal processor, etc.

Technology Classification (CPC): 6