Patent Abstract:
An economical system and method for extracting amplitude and frequency information from a modulated AC signal are provided. In one embodiment, the invention includes a circuitry implementing op amps, a dual diode, a filter, and a comparator to receive and manipulate the modulated AC signal. The dual diode receives and splits the AC signal into two separate paths, including a baseline path and a filtering path. The AC signal passing through the baseline path remains substantially unchanged, and the AC signal passing through the filtering path passes through a low-pass filter. The signal is then sent through a comparator for comparing amplitudes of the AC signal from the two paths, and the comparator output is received by a microprocessor for controlling a display that generates a visual indicia responsive to the comparator output.

Full Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S) 
     This application is a continuation-in-part of prior application Ser. No. 11/327,159, filed Jan. 6, 2006, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/667,858, filed Apr. 1, 2005, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to systems and methods that can be implemented to extract amplitude and frequency information from a modulated AC signal, and subsequently convey that information. The information may be conveyed visually through a lighting and display system and method. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention provides a cost-effective system and method for extracting information from a modulated AC signal, such as an NTSC video signal or an audio signal. The invention further provides for a system and method for visually displaying the extracted information in a manner that is aesthetically pleasing. 
     In one embodiment, the system and method include a circuitry implementing op amps, a dual diode, a filter, and a comparator to receive and manipulate the modulated AC signal. The dual diode receives and splits the AC signal into two separate paths, including a baseline path and a filtering path. The AC signal passing through the baseline path remains substantially unchanged, and the AC signal passing through the filtering path passes through a low-pass filter. The signal is then sent through a comparator for comparing amplitudes of the AC signal from the two paths, and the comparator output is received by a microprocessor for controlling a display that generates a visual indicia responsive to the comparator output. 
     Where the AC signal is an NTSC video signal the extracted information may included the signal amplitude, which represents brightness or luminance, or frequency, represents color or chrominance. Where the AC signal is an audio signal the extracted information may included amplitude, which represents volume, or frequency, which represents pitch. 
     The microprocessor may be interfaced with RGB-nodes to convey the information visually with light. The desired AC signal information is thereby communicated to the microprocessor, which in turn drives at least one set of associated RGB nodes to change color in direct response to the signal. In one embodiment, the AC signal is an audio signal and the RGB nodes are configured linearly such that the resultant effect is like a “graphic equalizer display” function. The ensuing large scale effect, which directly correlates a modulated AC signal to a visual display, is thereby achieved without significant analog processing on the front end or expensive display technologies on the back end. There are a variety of applications for such a visual display, including installation in decorative objects, for example, speaker grills, wall hangings, panel-like displays, and any other functional or non-functional objects. This system and method of extracting and conveying modulated AC signal information is provided in an economical manner not previously available. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic drawing of the lighting system of the present invention. 
         FIG. 2A  is a cutaway profile view of a light module of the present invention. 
         FIG. 2B  is a top view of a light module of the present invention. 
         FIG. 3  is a perspective view of one embodiment of the lighting system of the present invention as used in desk lamps. 
         FIG. 4  is a perspective view of one embodiment of the lighting system of the present invention as used in a light cube. 
         FIG. 5  is a perspective view of one embodiment of the lighting system of the present invention as used in a CD tower. 
         FIG. 6  is a perspective view of one embodiment of the lighting system of the present invention as used in a lantern. 
         FIG. 7  is a perspective view of one embodiment of the lighting system of the present invention as used in a chair. 
         FIG. 8  is schematic views of embodiments of the lighting system of the present invention as used in pillows. 
         FIG. 9A  is a schematic diagram of an exemplary lighting system of the present invention. 
         FIG. 9B  is a schematic diagram of LED arrays of an exemplary lighting system of the present invention. 
         FIG. 10  is a diagram of a simple ramp pattern that may be used in accordance with the present invention. 
         FIG. 11  is a flow chart of an exemplary embodiment of a method of cycling through the LEDs of the present invention. 
         FIG. 12  is a perspective view of one embodiment of the lighting system of the present invention as used in an inflatable lounge chair. 
         FIG. 13  is a perspective view of one embodiment of the lighting system of the present invention as used in an inflatable beanbag style chair. 
         FIG. 14  is a schematic diagram of one means of attaching the lighting system of the present invention to furniture items. 
         FIG. 15  is a schematic diagram of an alternative means of attaching the lighting system of the present invention to furniture items. 
         FIG. 16  is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the present invention having multiple strings, or webs, of light modules. 
         FIG. 17  is a perspective view of one embodiment of a storage compartment for the microcontroller and battery pack of the present invention that is attached to an article of furniture. 
         FIG. 18A  is a sealed tube configured to house a plurality of LED light modules. 
         FIG. 18B  is the sealed tube of  FIG. 18A  arranged in a piece of inflatable furniture. 
         FIG. 19  is an interface circuit for extracting volume and frequency information from an audio signal in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 20  is a graph displaying a representation of signal amplitude as a function of time. 
         FIG. 21A  is a perspective view of a pair of tubes, each housing associated RGB nodes in a lighting configuration. 
         FIG. 21B  is another perspective view of the pair of tubes housing associated RGB nodes of  FIG. 21A . 
         FIG. 21C  is a perspective view of a tube housing associated RGB nodes in a lighting configuration. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Lighting Display with Associated Light Modules 
     The present invention comprises novel and advantageous lighting and display apparatus, systems and methods. As discussed in one embodiment herein, the lighting system of the present invention is integrated into a pillow. However, according to alternative embodiments and without limitation, the lighting system can be integrated or implemented into bedding, plush figures, such as a teddy bear, rugs, articles of clothing, furniture, inflatable items (including for example inflatable furniture, toys, figures, sports equipment, tents, outdoor play sets), lamps, lanterns, dispensing devices, clocks, wall décor, desk accessories, CD racks, home décor, other home products, other office products, or any products for which a lighting system in accordance with the present invention would be useful or desirable. Examples of some of these and other aspects or embodiments of the present invention are depicted in  FIGS. 3-7 , and in  FIGS. 12-15 , which show some of the colors, color combinations, illumination, progressions, intensities, and/or patterns that can be displayed, created or produced in accordance with the present invention. 
     With regard to fastening, mounting, attaching or connecting the components of devices of the present invention, unless specifically described as otherwise, conventional fasteners such as screws, rivets, toggles, pins and the like may be used. Other fastening or attachment means appropriate for connecting components include friction fitting, adhesives, welding and soldering, the latter particularly with regard to electrical or processing components or systems of the devices. Any suitable electronic, electrical, communication, computer or processing components may be used, including any suitable electrical components and circuitry, light sources, wires, wireless components, sensors, chips, boards, micro-processing or control system components, software, firmware, hardware, etc. 
       FIG. 1  depicts a schematic drawing of a lighting system  10  in a pillow according to one embodiment of present invention. The system includes light modules  12  connected by wires  14  to a power source  16  and a CPU  18 . The modules  12  are disposed between two layers of cushioned material  20 . As depicted in  FIG. 1 , the CPU  18  is an integrated circuit that is integrated into the power source  16 . Alternatively, the CPU is a separate component. An activation switch  22  that can activate and de-activate (or turn “on” and “off”) the system  10  is connected by a wire  24  to the power source  16 . Further, a slide activation or other suitable switch  26  that can activate, de-activate, or test the system  10  is integrated into the power source  16 . Alternatively, the slide activation switch  26  is a separate component.  FIG. 8  depicts additional exemplary embodiments of the present invention as used in pillows. 
     A cutaway profile view of a light module  12  in accordance with one aspect of the present invention is depicted in  FIG. 2A .  FIG. 2B  shows a top view of a light module  12  in accordance with the present invention. The light module  12  has three lights or light sources  32  emitting different colors. According to one embodiment, each light  32  is a light emitting diode (“LED”). The three lights are red, green, and blue, respectively. Thus, a light module  12  may have four connections: one control line for each of the LEDs and one line for either power or ground. In an alternative aspect of the present invention, each module  12  may have more than three lights  32 . 
     The module  12  has a cover component  34  that is positioned on a top portion  36  of the module  12 . In one aspect of the invention, the cover component is a circular piece with a hole  36  in the center that is positioned above the lights  32  as shown in  FIG. 2A  so that the light from the lights  32  can pass through the hole  36 . The cover component  34  is made of a soft material that provides protection to the lights  32  while allowing the pillow into which the system  10  is integrated to be used without the user detecting by physical touch the presence of the modules  12  in the pillow. In one embodiment, the cover component  34  is made of soft polyvinyl chloride (“PVC”). Alternatively, the cover component can be made of any known material. 
     Returning to  FIG. 1 , the cushioned material layers  20  are made of foam. Alternatively, the cushioned material layers  20  are made of any known soft or cushioned material. The modules  12  are sandwiched between the two cushioned material layers  20 . A bottom portion  38  of each module  12  as shown in  FIG. 2A  is placed in contact with the bottom cushioned layer  20  and the top cushioned layer  20  is then placed on top of the bottom cushioned layer  20  and the modules  12 . In one embodiment, each module  12  is glued or attached in some other known fashion to the bottom cushioned layer  20  and a hole  40  is formed in the top cushioned layer  20  for each module  12  such that when the top cushioned layer  20  is placed on top of the bottom cushioned layer  20  and the modules  12 , each module  12  is positioned in one of the holes  40  of the top cushioned layer  20 . While form may be used in some applications or systems, there are situations in which foam or cushioning is not required. For example, the present invention may be used to create a display in a hollow body with generally or substantially rigid sides (see, e.g.,  FIG. 3 ) or a hollow fixture such as a paper lantern (see, e.g.,  FIG. 6 ). It should be appreciated that the effect of a display in accordance with the present invention may be modified or enhanced by selecting a particular light transferring or diffusing material for one or more surfaces or component materials of the article containing a light module  12 . Similarly, the article could use a reflective component to direct or modify the illumination of the display. 
     In an alternative embodiment, rather than sandwiching modules  12  between two cushioned material layers  20  as seen in  FIG. 1 , a plurality of light modules  12  may be configured in a sealed wand or tube  50  as seen in  FIG. 18A . The number of modules  12  arranged in tube  50  will depend on the desired lighting effect. Sealed tube  50  may be formed of substantially transparent or translucent plastic or other suitable material and may be designed as a waterproof enclosure if desired for a particular application. The light modules  12  are securely attached to and within tube  50  and may be arranged in a row, multiple rows, or other configuration. A plurality of design arrangement of the light modules  12  may be configured within a tube. Accordingly, tubes  50  may be manufactured and the light module  12  layout may subsequently be designed and implemented, thereby separating the manufacturing process and the assembly process, resulting in cost savings. 
     With reference to  FIGS. 1 and 18A , the power source  16  is a battery power source and is in electrical connection with modules  12  via wires  14 . The power source  16  requires three “AA” batteries. Alternatively, the power source  16  may comprise any number of any type of battery. In further alternatives, the power source is a wall outlet, an AC transformer, a car lighter, any other power source or combination thereof. The power source  16  may be formed as a waterproof enclosure if desired for a particular application. 
     The wires  14  and  24  are typical electrical wires used for battery powered items. Alternatively, the wires  14 ,  24  can be any suitable electrical wires appropriate for an electrically-powered item. In some embodiments, all or a portion of the system  10  may incorporate suitable wireless technology. For example, a suitable wireless remote may be used to turn the system  10  on or off or to select a particular mode of operation. 
     The activation switch  22  sends a command to the IC control unit, e.g., on, off, or is a switch that simply completes the circuit (i.e., in some embodiments, it may not communicate with the IC controller). The slide activation switch  26  is a mode switch. It sets the device, apparatus or system to a predetermined operational mode, such as on, off, “try-me,” etc. The apparatus  10  can include any other known activation component such as, for example, a shake sensor, remote switching assembly, a thermal sensor, a light sensor, or a sound sensor. 
     The CPU  18  is an integrated circuit that controls the operation of the lights  32  in each of the modules  12 . That is, the integrated circuit controls which lights  32  are activated at any given time and the duration of that activation. It is the integrated circuit that controls any lighting pattern of the apparatus  10  as described above. While an integrated circuit is depicted, it should be appreciated that any suitable controller or control unit may be used to control the functions, appearance and operations of the present invention. 
     Lighting System with Microcontroller in Operation 
       FIGS. 9A and 9B  are schematic diagrams of an exemplary lighting system  100  in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The lighting system includes a microcontroller  120 , or other appropriate integrated circuit, that controls LED arrays  160 . Pin  28  of microcontroller  120  is in electrical connection with a voltage supply  130  (not shown), pin  14  of microcontroller is in electrical connection with ground connection  140 , and microcontroller  120  is in electrical connection with switch  150 , which is configurable by a user to open and close the circuit as desired. Appendix A of this application illustrates exemplary RAM requirements for a microcontroller used in one embodiment of the present invention. 
     With reference to  FIG. 9B , LED arrays  160 , which are controlled by microcontroller  120 , include ten red LEDs D 1 -D 10 , ten green LEDs D 11 -D 20 , and ten blue LEDs D 21 -D 30 . Each LED array  160  is connected in parallel to voltage supply  130  and ground connection  140  as seen in  FIG. 9B . Between the voltage supply  130  and the LEDs are 330 Ohm resistors R 1 -R 10  for LEDs D 1 -D 10  respectively, resistors R 11 -R 20  for LEDs D 11 -D 20  respectively, and resistors R 21 -R 30  for LEDs D 21 -D 30  respectively. Each array also includes a plurality of transistors, configured as seen in  FIG. 9B , including transistors Q 1 -Q 8  connected with the red LEDs&#39; collectors, transistors Q 9 -Q 16  connected with the green LEDs&#39; collectors, and Q 17 -Q 24  connected with the blue LEDs&#39; collectors as shown in  FIG. 9B . Each transistor&#39;s emitter is connected to ground  140 , and each transistor&#39;s base is connected to the microcontroller&#39;s connecting pins, with a 10 kOhm resistor therebetween (resistors R 1   b -R 8   b  for transistors Q 1 -Q 8  respectively, resistors R 9   b -R 16   b  for transistors Q 9 -Q 16  respectively, and resistors R 17   b -R 24   b  for transistors Q 17 -Q 24  respectively). As seen in  FIGS. 9A and 9B , microcontroller&#39;s  120  pins  1 - 4  and  24 - 27  are in electrical connection with resistors R 1   b -R 8   b  for controlling the red array, microcontroller&#39;s  120  pins  10 - 13  and  15 - 18  are in electrical connection with resistors R 9   b -R 16   b  for controlling the green array, and microcontroller&#39;s  120  pins  5 - 8  and  20 - 23  are in electrical connection with resistors R 17   b -R 24   b  for controlling the blue array. 
     In this configuration of exemplary lighting system  100 , the transistors, the operation of which is well known in the art, function as switches that allow microcontroller  120  to control each LED in the array  160  individually. The physical LEDs D 1 -D 10  (red), D 11 -D 20  (green), and D 21 -D 30  (blue) respectively, are situated in close proximity, such that microcontroller  120  can create any desired color, at a desired time, and for a desired duration, by managing the intensity of the current across each transistor in a light module (e.g., light module [D 1 , D 11 , D 21 ], light module [D 2 , D 12 , D 22 ], light module [D 3 , D 13 , D 23 ], etc.). Lighting system  100  is configurable in products similarly as lighting system  10 . Whereas lighting system  10  includes a light module  12  embedded in a pillow and is controlled by CPU  18 , similarly, lighting system  100  includes a plurality of light modules formed from LEDs D 1 -D 10 , D 11 -D 20 , and D 21 -D 30 , that are controlled by microcontroller  120 . 
     In one embodiment, the LEDs are driven at either full on or full off. The amount of light emitted by an LED is controlled by varying the amount of time that the LED is switched on over the course of a fixed period of time, commonly referred to as “pulse width modulation.” In this embodiment, it is critical that the pulse width modulation period is short enough so that the LED switches between on and off faster than the human eye can detect. For example, a period of 50 μS should be more than sufficient to be imperceptible to the human eye. 
     In one embodiment of the present invention, the light modules  12  are organized in groups of eight. For simplification of control logic, LEDs of the same color from each of the eight light modules  12  may be connected together at a single I/O port of the microcontroller. Thus, in this embodiment, the circuit uses three ports of eight control lines each, for a total of twenty-four control lines, to individually control any of the three LEDs within any of eight individual modules  12 . This level of control makes it possible to generate any color of the visible spectrum. 
     Ramp Patterns 
     In a further embodiment, a ramp pattern may be used to produce different colors from one or more light modules. One method of applying a ramp pattern initializes all of the one or more light modules  12  to the same points of the ramp pattern. Over time, the individual red, green and blue LEDs will ramp up and down, in unison, producing single, but changing, colors. Adding light modules  12  will increase the intensity of the light or will allow coverage of a greater area, but will not increase the number of colors visible at any single point in time. 
     A second exemplary method of using a ramp pattern  170 , as illustrated in  FIG. 10 , applies to systems using two or more light modules  12 . With this method, the two or more light modules  12  are initialized to different points on the ramp pattern. Even though the light modules  12  follow the same pattern, the color produced by one module will be specifically and intentionally different from other modules in the same system. For example, in a two module system, initializing a first light module  12  to the values at the beginning of Timeslice  0  of ramp pattern  170  produces the color blue since the values for the red and green LEDs are zero at this point on the curve. Initializing a second light module  12  to the values at the beginning of Timeslice  1  of ramp pattern  170  produces the color red since the values for the blue and green LEDs are zero at this point on the curve. At startup, the first light module  12  will begin changing from the color blue to the color purple and eventually to the color red while the second light module  12  changes from the color red to the color yellow and eventually to the color green. This method will allow any number of colors to be produced simultaneously, limited only by the number of individual light modules. 
     Cycling Patterns 
       FIG. 11  is a flow chart  200  of an exemplary embodiment of a method of cycling through all the LEDs in accordance with the present invention. At step  210 , the system finishes initialization of the lighting system and moves to the first step of the cycle  220 . Two sets of example initialization code are given in Appendix B of this application. One set of initialization code illustrates initial values for a “standard show.” That is, a cycle during which all the light modules change in unison. The second set of initialization code illustrates initial values for a “rainbow show.” That is, a cycle during which a rainbow wipe of colors is displayed. Typically, several “shows” or modes will be available to select from. 
     Once at step  220 , the pulse width modulation period timer is checked. Once the timer has reached the end of the designated time period, the node index, indicating one of the eight light modules  12  in this example, is incremented [step  230 ]. If the node index reaches the value nine, or in other cases, a value that indicates that the value of the node index has gone beyond the number of light modules  12  in the system, the node index is reset to the value one [steps  240  and  250 ]. After incrementing the node index, the periods for each of the red, green and blue LEDs of the light module indicated by the node index are incremented [step  260 ]. 
     In steps  270  and  280 , it is determined whether the period for the blue LED should be reset back to zero. If that is the case, then the values for the LEDs of the light module indicated by the node index are updated to the initial values of a specified ramp pattern. That is, once a fixed time period has passed, the display pattern is reset to the initial values. 
     During steps  290 ,  300  and  310 , it is determined, for each of the three LEDs (red, green and blue), whether the ramp value is less than the period value. Generally, it is determined whether the LED should be switched on or off. After these steps are completed, the pulse width modulation period timer is checked in step  220 , and the process just discussed is repeated. 
     In a further embodiment, it may be possible to change the display pattern of the light modules  12 . In such an embodiment, the mode switch is checked at step  320  to determine if a change has been made. If the mode switch was changed, the mode value is incremented or reset to one if the value incremented to is beyond the number of modes available [step  330 ]. The light modules are then set to the initialization values of the new mode selected [step  340 ] before repeating the process. 
     Lighting Configurations 
     In one embodiment, the apparatus  10  of the present invention is integrated into a pillow, as shown in  FIG. 8 , such that soft pillow material such as, for example, polyfill or other suitable material, surrounds the apparatus  10  in the pillow. 
     In other embodiments, the lighting system of the present invention may be used on or in furniture items to create a stimulating visual effect. For example, the lighting system may be used in inflatable furniture, such as shown in the lounge chair in  FIG. 12  and the beanbag style chair in  FIG. 13 . Further examples include children&#39;s inflatable toys, inflatable pool toys and floating devices. The inflatable furniture is typically manufactured from PVC, Nitrile PVC (“NPVC”) or vinyl. Alternatively, any suitable material may be used. 
     In one embodiment, as seen in  FIG. 18B , sealed wand or tube  50  may be inserted in an inflatable piece of furniture  60  or other suitable object. As seen in  FIG. 18B , the furniture  60  includes a pocket  65  defining a sleeve  70  or other opening for receiving tube  50 . The sleeve  70  is sized to receive tube  50  when the furniture  60  is deflated. As the furniture  60  is inflated, the furniture material tightens around tube  50  thereby securely holding the tube in place without the need for adhesives. The power source  16  may be similarly inserted into a pocket and secured by the furniture  60  without adhesives. 
     Alternatively, the lighting system, including the wires  14  and lighting modules  12 , may be attached to the furniture as shown in  FIG. 14 . Typically, the lighting system will consist of a preset string  400 , or web, of lighting modules  12 . As illustrated in  FIG. 16 , there may be multiple preset strings  400 , or webs, of lighting modules  12  extending from the battery pack  410  and throughout the article of furniture. The lighting system, in one embodiment, may be integrated into the article of furniture by heat sealing the system beneath an overlying layer of PVC, NPVC, vinyl or other suitable material. Alternatively, other means of attachment may be used, such as gluing or welding the light modules to the article, as illustrated in  FIG. 15 . 
     The battery pack  410  and microcontroller, in an exemplary embodiment, may be attached to the article of furniture by means of its own storage compartment  420 , illustrated in  FIG. 17 . The storage compartment  420  may be made out of any suitable material, such as PVC, NPVC or vinyl, and may be attached to the article of furniture using any suitable attachment means, such as heat sealing, gluing, snapping, buttoning or any other means of fastening. Typically, the storage compartment  420  will be accessible by the user. Alternatively, the storage compartment  420  may be in a location that is not accessible, such as in one-time use items or disposable items. 
     The lighting system of the present invention may further be used in other items. For example, the lighting system may be used on or in articles of clothing, such as shirts, hats, jackets, etc. Similarly, the lighting system may be used in book bags, purses, briefcases, etc. Additionally, the lighting system may be used in toys, such as stuffed animals or balls and blocks of all shapes and types of material. The lighting system may be attached to such items by sewing the system into the material or gluing the system onto the material. Alternatively, any suitable means of attachment may be used to generally integrate or embed the lighting system to the fabric or item, including means of attachment previously mentioned. 
     Application for Extracting and Conveying AC Signal Information 
     In another aspect of the present invention, a system and method are provided for extracting information from a modulated AC signal, such that the information may subsequently be communicated via a lighting system of the present invention. In one embodiment, a circuitry  500  is configured to receive and manipulate a modulated AC signal, as shown in  FIG. 19 . The circuitry  500  is electrically interfaced with the appropriate node of a microcontroller, such as microcontroller  120  shown in  FIG. 9A . The microcontroller in turn causes a plurality of RGB light modules, such as module  12 , to produce a lighting effect directly responsive to the aspects of the modulated AC signal that are measured by the circuitry  500 . 
     In one embodiment, the modulated AC signal is a two-channel audio signal, whereby each channel is received by a separate circuitry  500 . However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that a variety of audio, video, and other modulated AC signals may be received by circuitry  500  or a comparable configuration thereof. In the audio signal embodiment, circuitry  500  includes an audio jack  510  for accepting the signal, either single channeled or in stereo. Alternatively, the signal may be accepted by microphone  520 . In this embodiment, each of the two channels (e.g., left channel and right channel) are received independently. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that an audio signal may include a single channel, or even 5, 6, 7, 8 or more channels, each of which may be received independently with a variation of the circuitry  500 . Alternatively, the two channels may be mixed using an op amp as a summing amplifier (not shown), whereby the circuitry  500  only processes the mixed signal. Optionally, the audio signal may be fed back out via headphone jack  570 . 
     After being received, the signal passes through an op amp  530  with a potentiometer for gain adjustment. Alternatively, the gain adjustment may be performed by a microcontroller (not shown). Subsequent to the op amp  530 , the signal is split into two separate paths through a dual diode  540 . As seen in  FIG. 19 , the portion of the audio signal passing through Path A remains substantially unchanged. In contrast, as seen in  FIG. 19 , the portion of the audio signal passing through Path B is sent through a low-pass filter  580 . The low-pass filter may include a variety of known configurations. The filter  580 , as seen in  FIG. 19 , includes two resistors and a capacitor. Low-pass filter  580  operates as a peak detector circuit, which “smoothes” the portion of the audio signal passing through Path B by removing the highest frequencies of the signal. The practical effect of the filtering results in the portion of the audio signal passing through Path B substantially tracking the trend of the incoming audio signal with the exception that the sharp transitions in the signal are smoothed out. This result is shown in  FIG. 20 . The low-pass filter operates for AC signal processing much like moving averages do in other fields such as finance. Both instruments create a smoother form of a signal which removes the short-term oscillations, leaving only the long-term trend. Although this embodiment implements a low-pass filter, alternative filters and filtering methods may be appropriate depending on the desired effect. 
     The effect of the filtering in Path B is measurable by sending the two signals (portion through Path A and portion through Path B) through a comparator circuit  550 , such as an op amp, which compares two voltage signals and determines which one is greater. As seen in  FIG. 20 , the comparator output  600  signal from circuitry output  560  is responsive to the signals&#39; volume and/or frequency and is decipherable by a microcontroller. Specifically, the periods during which the Path A signal&#39;s amplitude or volume is greater than the Path B signal&#39;s amplitude or volume, the comparator output yields a volume peak, seen at points X in  FIG. 20 . Conversely, the periods during which the Path A signal&#39;s amplitude or volume is less than the Path B signal&#39;s amplitude or volume, the comparator output yields a volume dip, seen at points Y in  FIG. 20 . The comparator output  600  is a digital signal, as seen in  FIG. 20 , whereby the signal is “on” or “1” during the volume peaks and the signal is “off” or “0” during the volume dips. 
     Filter  580  may be configured such that the portion of the audio signal passing through Path B is filtered to discern either higher frequency components or lower frequency components of the signal as desired, thereby allowing the circuitry  500  to extract frequency information by counting the number of pulses over time. By extracting a signal, such as amplitude or frequency information, from an audio signal as described above, the circuitry output  560  provides a signal that correlates to the original audio signal in a known manner. The outputted signal can then be conveyed or interpreted in a meaning manner. 
     In one embodiment, the circuitry output  560  is interfaced with a microcontroller for driving a lighting system, as described above, to achieve a desired lighting effect. For example, the present invention may provide a “graphic equalizer display” function, by conveying the outputted signal in a visual manner. The outputted signals corresponding to each of two audio channels may be used to drive a plurality of associated RGB nodes in a lighting configuration. Each of the plurality of associated RGB nodes, such as modules  12 , contain three LED&#39;s. For example, each of the two graphic equalizer display lighting tubes  700 , seen in  FIGS. 21A and 21B , contain a plurality of linearly configured modules  12 , which are driven by a microcontroller, as previously described, to achieve a graphic equalizing display effect. 
     Each of the two lighting tubes  700  shown in  FIGS. 21A and 21B  are provided to convey information about the two audio channels. As previously described, the two audio channels may alternatively be mixed using a summing amplifier, in which case the information about the mixed signal may be conveyed with a single lighting tube  700  as shown in  FIG. 21C . Another example of a plurality of associated RGB nodes which are linearly configured relative to each other is tube  50 , seen in  FIG. 18A . 
     Returning now to  FIG. 21A , the RGB modules  12  within tubes  700  are driven by a microcontroller receiving an audio signal as manipulated and outputted by circuitry  500 . When there is no audio signal or the audio signal is substantially silent, all light modules  12  are driven to display a single color. In one embodiment, the “silent” color is blue, but other colors may be selected to represent silence. To achieve this effect, all of the blue LED&#39;s in the linear array of RGB nodes (modules  12 ) within tubes  700  are driven to full on and all of the red and green LED&#39;s within tubes  700  are driven to full off.  FIG. 21A  represents tubes  700  where the blue LED in the module at the lower portion  710  of the tubes  700  are illuminated (but not the red or green LED&#39;s), the blue LED in the module at the upper portion  720  of the tubes  700  are illuminated (but not the red or green LED&#39;s), and all the blue LED&#39;s in modules between the lower portion  710  and upper portion  720  of the tubes  700  are illuminated (but not the red or green LED&#39;s). The effect of driving each module to a single color produces a blue “background” color upon which subsequent audio changes are displayed. 
     As the audio signal exhibits increased amplitude (volume), the microcontroller receiving the manipulated audio signal from circuitry  500  drives the blue LED&#39;s in the lower portion  710  of the tubes  700  to full off, beginning with the module at the most lower portion  710  of the tubes  700  and linearly moving upward to higher modules. As a module&#39;s blue LED is driven to full off, the same module&#39;s red LED is substantially simultaneously driven to full on, shown in  FIG. 21B . The blue LED&#39;s in the module or modules in the upper most portion  720  of the tubes remains illuminated until the audio signal&#39;s volume is sufficiently high and/or sustained for a sufficient period as described below. In this example, red is the “volume” color reflecting an extracted amplitude from the audio signal, but other colors may be selected to represent the amplitude of the audio signal. 
     This process produces the visual effect of a red bar of varying heights, directly responsive to the audio signal&#39;s amplitude (volume), appearing against a blue background. In this example, only two colors, red and blue, are used to create the effect. However, each of the plurality of modules  12  in the tubes  700  can create substantially any color. Therefore, utilizing red, green, and blue in different combinations allows any desired colors to be applied to the equalizer bar color (the “volume” color) and for the background color (the “silent” color). Additionally, the equalizer bar color and the background color may change with volume, change over time, or change based on other measurable characteristics of the audio signal, such as frequency. The visual effect may be installed or applied in a variety of applications, such as decorative objects, for example, speaker grills, wall hangings, panel-like displays, and any other functional or non-functional objects. 
     This configuration of the present invention conveys information relating to the duration of the volume peak or volume dip as described, rather than absolute volume information. By conveying visual information responsive to the duration of the period during which the volume is increasing, and the duration of the period during which volume is decreasing, a meaningful lighting effect is created. For example, while the audio signal&#39;s volume is increasing, the equalizer bar color (e.g., red) extends linearly upward through the linear array from lower portion  710  to upper portion  720 . Conversely, while the audio signal&#39;s volume is decreasing, the equalizer bar color (e.g., red) linearly trends back downward from the upper portion  720  to the lower portion  710 , leaving only the background color (e.g., blue), which is illuminated substantially simultaneously with the de-illumination of the equalizer bar color. 
     Optionally, a weighting scheme may be applied to the “graphic equalizer display” function whereby distinct weights are applied to amplitude increases and decreases. For example, the microcontroller that drives the tubes  700  may be configured to create an effect whereby the equalizer bar color moves upward responsive to volume increases more quickly than the bar color moves downward to volume decreases of the same magnitude. The microcontroller thereby allows volume increases to be visually represented by the equalizer bar color for a sufficient duration that they are perceptible and appreciable by a person viewing the equalizer bar. Because the LED&#39;s in the bar are driven to respond substantially simultaneously to volume changes, ensuring that the LED&#39;s do not respond so quickly to the audio signal so as to produce a flashing effect through this manner creates a more visually pleasing result. 
     Although the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, persons skilled in the art will recognize that changes may be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Technology Classification (CPC): 5