Patent Abstract:
Method and machine for producing a fiber web having a mass per unit area of less than 125 g/m 2 . The method includes applying a fluid application medium to the fibrous web. The fluid application medium being a liquid having a solids concentration of 15% or more. The machine for producing a fiber web includes a press section having at least one press nip and at least one application device structured and arranged to apply a liquid medium to one side of the fiber web at least one of immediately before the at least one press nip and in the at least one press nip. This abstract is not intended to define the invention disclosed in the specification, nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Full Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]     The present application is a U.S. National Stage of International Patent Application No. PCT/EP2005/053302 filed Jul. 11, 2005 which published as WO 2006/005738 on Jan. 16, 2006, and claims priority of German Patent Application Nos. 10 2004 033 802.7 filed Jul. 12, 2004 and 10 2004 048 429.5 filed on Oct. 5, 2004. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     1. Field of the Invention  
         [0003]     The invention, according to a first aspect, relates to a method for the production of a paper, board, tissue or another fiber web having a mass per unit area of less than 125 g/m 2 , in particular, of less than 100 g/m 2  and quite particularly of less than 80 g/m 2 , using a device for the application of a fluid application medium, in particular, of starch.  
         [0004]     2. Discussion of Background Information  
         [0005]     DE 100 33 213 A1 describes a method and an apparatus for the application of a liquid to pasty medium, preferably starch, to one or both sides of a material web, preferably of paper or board, in particular, corrugating medium, the material web firstly being provided with an application on one or both sides and only then running through a press nip. The method is carried out with an apparatus in which an endless belt which supports the material web substantially completely, inter alia, even after the press nip, is guided over two supporting rolls.  
         [0006]     WO 99/22067 reveals a method and an apparatus for the application of a pasty application medium to a moving material web, in which the material web is first formed in a twin-wire zone of a paper machine by a liquid or pasty application medium being applied to the material web, at least on one side, by means of an application device. In this case, after a pressing element in the press section there is a further application device for the application of a liquid or pasty application medium to the material web.  
         [0007]     WO 00/55423 discloses a method and an apparatus for treating a paper or board web in a press section. A first application device sprays an application medium onto the web as the latter is led over a suction roll by means of a felt. A second application device sprays an application medium onto the surface of a transfer belt, from which the application medium is then transferred to the web. Both application devices are arranged before the first press nip.  
         [0008]     However, in particular at high speeds and with a low mass per unit area, this solution has disadvantages, in particular at high speeds and with a low mass per unit area. The disadvantage is that, with a low mass per unit area, the (dyed) starch can strike through the paper web and thus gets into the felt and the press water.  
         [0009]     In addition, given the low starch solids concentrations which are conventional nowadays and which lie between 6 and 15%, only inadequate dry contents are achieved after the press section. The paper web to which the starch and the fluid in which the starch is dissolved are added tends to adhere or stick on a following device for contact drying, for example on a cylinder or on a dryer fabric. This applies, in particular, at high grammages, when a very large amount of starch has to be applied. In addition, conditioning of the contact medium, that is to say of the belt or the roll, is necessary.  
         [0010]     Given high grammages of the paper web and high speeds, it is not possible to achieve complete penetration of the fiber web with starch if a very large amount of starch is not applied to one side. A two-sided application in the forming region and/or in the press section is less efficient, since at least some of the application is washed out again by the dewatering operation. In the case of a double-felted press section, this occurs on both sides; and in the case when a felt and a transfer belt is used, this occurs on one side.  
         [0011]     Overall, during the application of an application medium, there are the problems that the application quantity, in particular, the starch that can be applied, and therefore also the increase in strength that can be achieved thereby is limited. The enrichment of an application medium in the water circulation of the machine for the production of the fiber web leads to considerable impairment in the production process, which, for example, is caused by slime formation, deposits, COD loading (the COD value is an overall parameter for the organic loading of an effluent) and an odor nuisance.  
         [0012]     At high speeds and with low grammages, increased numbers of breaks occur in the region of the application units or after the application units, which are brought about by the considerable rewetting and the drop in paper strength caused thereby. In addition, a considerable expenditure of drying energy is required in the afterdryer section.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0013]     The invention aims to optimize the method for the production of a fiber web.  
         [0014]     According to the invention, in a method of the type mentioned at the beginning, the application medium used is a liquid having a solids concentration, in particular, a starch solids concentration, of more than 15%, in particular, of more than 25% and quite particularly of more than 30%.  
         [0015]     When the above-mentioned method is used in the press section of a machine for the production of the fiber web, the fiber web being conveyed onward by felts and transfer belts, at least one of the felts or one of the transfer belts is conditioned via a liquid which is supplied and discharged via an individual circulation.  
         [0016]     The water enriched with (dyed) starch is not supplied to the whitewater but fed into the starch preparation process again at a suitable point. The loss of starch is minimized using this measure. The drying is carried out without contact; preferably, only the surface of the paper or board web is dried, in order to avoid deposits on the following contact drying units. To this end, for example, hot air drying is used.  
         [0017]     Thus, the enrichment of starch in the whitewater circulation is avoided; as a result, the growth of bacteria, slime formation and a change in the charge balance of the paper machine are also avoided, which would lead to a negative influence on the sheet formation, the retention, the dewatering, to increasing the number of breaks and to an increased chemical demand.  
         [0018]     According to the invention, the press water is separated into unloaded and loaded water. The unloaded water can be used in accordance with the prior art, that is to say, for example, can be fed to the whitewater circulation.  
         [0019]     On the other hand, the water loaded with starch is preferably used in such a way that the starch contained in these waters leads to an action increasing the strength of the paper or is used at a point in the water circulation where the above-described problems can be avoided as far as possible.  
         [0020]     The whitewater can be monitored, for example, by an online zeta potential measurement, in order to achieve retention and process stability.  
         [0021]     The amount of press water loaded with starch can be reduced by the starch being applied only at the end of the press section, preferably before the last nip. Water loaded with starch can possibly be used for the starch preparation. An overflow of the starch-containing water can be fed to the whitewater circulation.  
         [0022]     The starch content of the starch-containing water can be reduced before it is fed to the circulation again. For example, the starch can be broken down enzymatically, for example, by amylase in conjunction with an elevated temperature. The amylase can then be broken down again at temperatures of more than 110° C., preferably of more than 120° C. The starch can also be separated off by way of ultra- or nanofiltration or by way of reverse osmosis.  
         [0023]     The possible uses of press water are starch preparation, stock preparation, in the approach system of the machine, in the headbox and in the discharge.  
         [0024]     As a result of less slime formation and a lower number of breaks, the runability of the fiber web is improved. By way of the invention, the pollution is reduced. The efficiency of chemicals in the paper machine is increased. The starch-loaded press water is used specifically to increase strength.  
         [0025]     By way of the invention, the process stability is optimized by avoiding contamination of process components and waters and also by way of a lower drop in the initial wet strength of the fiber web as a result of a reduced application of liquid through the solution of application medium, in particular, the starch solution, and in this way the efficiency of the application of the application medium.  
         [0026]     Advantageous developments of the method according to the invention are evident in the description and the drawings.  
         [0027]     In particular, a method in which the liquid is fed back into the preparation process for the production of the application medium, in particular the starch-containing liquid, proves to be advantageous.  
         [0028]     It is advantageous if the applied quantity of application medium is between 2 and 8% of the mass per unit area of the finished paper or finished board wound up on the spool of a winder.  
         [0029]     For good penetration, a low viscosity of the starch solution is necessary. This is determined by the starch temperature and by the type of starch. Thus, a further advantageous method provides that the temperature of the application medium is increased after leaving the device by heating a transfer belt or felt or a roll onto which the application medium is applied directly or indirectly. In this way, it is possible for the temperature of the carrier medium, that is to say the roll or belt, to correspond to that of the starch solution.  
         [0030]     Advantageously, the application medium is applied to the fiber web directly or indirectly immediately before the press nip, in particular, before the last press nip, in the press section. When introducing the application medium, in particular, the starch, before the last press nip, the quantity of the press water loaded with starch can be reduced significantly.  
         [0031]     A good quality of the application may be achieved when the application medium used is native or uncooked starch or degraded, in particular, oxidative or enzymatically degraded, starch or cationic starch.  
         [0032]     The concentration of the application medium, in particular, the starch, can be chosen in such a way that this is 15% or more.  
         [0033]     Advantageous, in particular, at high speeds, is a method in which the application medium is applied to the two sides of the fiber web after the mechanical pressing, the fiber web having a grammage of more than 80 g/m 2 .  
         [0034]     In this case, it is particularly advantageous if the first application of the application medium is carried out in a press nip in the press section, and that the second application to the opposite side of the fiber web is carried out in the drying section.  
         [0035]     At grammages of 80 g/m 2  and more, in particular, at grammages of more than 100 g/m 2  and quite particularly at grammages of more than 125 g/m 2 , the invention proposes carrying out a time-offset two-sided application of starch. In this case, the second application is carried out only beginning at a dryness of the web of more than 45%, in particular, of more than 50%, that is to say following mechanical pressing. As a result, the applied starch is no longer washed out.  
         [0036]     According to the invention, the point for the first application is arranged in such a way that the dewatering of the web is not carried out in the direction opposite to the application direction but with the application direction, for example, at the start of the drying section or generally after the mechanical pressing. This means that, for example, an application is carried out on one side of the web while water is forced out or sucked out of the web, for example, in the press nip, on the opposite side, immediately at or after the application point.  
         [0037]     This arrangement is advantageous, in particular, at high speeds, for example, of more than 800 m/min or of more than 1000 m/min, and at high grammages.  
         [0038]     According to this first aspect, the invention also relates to a machine, in particular, for carrying out one of the above-described methods.  
         [0039]     According to the invention, the machine is characterized in that the press section comprises a plurality of guide rolls, over which the felts or transfer belts are led, and in that at least one device for felt conditioning is arranged before the first outer guide roll. In this way, better runability is achieved.  
         [0040]     It is advantageous if further devices for felt conditioning are set against guide rolls following the first guide roll in the direction of circulation of the felt or the transfer belt.  
         [0041]     In this case, provision can advantageously be made for doctors for cleaning the circumferential surfaces of the rolls to be set against the rolls of the press section, in particular against the first guide roll and/or further guide rolls.  
         [0042]     It is likewise advantageous if a device for spraying the circumferential surface of the roll, in particular with conditioned water or with a chemical aid, in particular a surfactant, or a brush for cleaning the circumferential surface is arranged on at least one of the rolls.  
         [0043]     It likewise proves to be advantageous if there is a device for collecting the application medium cleaned off by the device and/or the brush and for feeding it back into a system for preparing the application medium. According to the invention, strike-through of the starch is prevented; as a result of a lower water absorption, a lower drop in the strength of the fiber web is achieved. Because of good penetration, the application medium has a high efficiency. The runability of the fiber web is improved. The application medium can also be applied directly, that is to say without a transfer belt.  
         [0044]     According to a second aspect, the invention also relates to a machine for the production of a paper, board or another fiber web with a press section having a central roll forming two press nips in conjunction with a first and a second press roll, and with at least one device arranged in the press section for applying a medium, in particular starch or size, it being possible for the fiber web to be led through the press nips together with a belt.  
         [0045]     In the method and the apparatus according to DE 100 33 213 A1, according to one exemplary embodiment, the starch is applied to applicator rolls. The disadvantage with this solution is that there is no closed web guidance before the application unit. As a result of free draws and because of the still low strength of the fiber web in the press section, breaks in the production process occur to an increased extent, in particular in the case of a low mass per unit area, for example of less than 125 g/cm 2 . In addition, there is the risk of deposits of the applied material on a unit for contact drying arranged after the application apparatus.  
         [0046]     In WO 00/55423, in two embodiments ( FIGS. 1 and 2 ), press sections having central rolls which form two press nips with press rolls are described.  
         [0047]     The method disclosed by WO 99/22067 and the relevant apparatus have already been referred to further above.  
         [0048]     In press sections known from the prior art, because of the low strength of the paper web, support by means of a transfer belt is necessary. Starch is applied to the side of the transfer belt, since the dewatering in the press nip is carried out away from the transfer belt. This ensures that the starch is moved in the direction of the center of the fiber web by the movement of the liquid medium. Metering the starch on the side opposite the transfer belt is not practical, since the medium is otherwise forced into the nearest felt coming into contact with the fiber web.  
         [0049]     Since the side of the paper web to which the starch has been applied rests on the transfer belt, this side cannot be dried even when non-contact dryers are used. As a result, severe deposits are to be expected on the first drying cylinders of the drying section following the press section.  
         [0050]     Even after the pressing operation, an excessively low dryness is frequently achieved after passing through the press section. As a result, the need for expensive thermal drying energy rises and the drying section must be longer. Problems with the runability of the fiber web are to be expected, caused by a low initial wet strength.  
         [0051]     According to the second aspect, the invention provides a machine which has a press section with the possibility of applying a liquid application medium, in particular starch or size, and at the same time has a compact construction.  
         [0052]     According to this second aspect of the invention, there is provided a machine for the production of a paper, board or another fiber web utilizing a press section having at least one press nip, through which the fiber web can be led, and with at least one application device by way of which a liquid medium can be applied to one side of the fiber web in the press section, it being possible for the medium to be applied to the fiber web by the application device immediately before the press nip and/or in the press nip.  
         [0053]     According to this second aspect of the invention, specific drying of the fiber web after the application of the medium is also made possible. The dryness of the fiber web after passing through the press section is higher than according to the prior art. As a result of the higher dryness of the fiber web, the thermal drying energy can be reduced. As a result, the drying section has a shorter length and the production performance of an existing paper machine is increased. In addition, a subsequent starch application unit can be dispensed with in this way; or it is sufficient to apply less starch, which means that the drop in the dryness after the application unit is lower and the runability of the fiber web is improved.  
         [0054]     As a result of combining the pressing of the fiber web and the application of an application medium at one location, a more compact design of the machine as compared with the prior art is achieved in the region of the press section, which ensures high operational reliability.  
         [0055]     According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, provision is made for the press section to be designed in such a way that the fiber web can be dewatered in the press nip only on the side of the fiber web which is arranged opposite the side of the application of the medium to the fiber web.  
         [0056]     Consequently, the application direction or penetration direction of the medium into the fiber web corresponds to the dewatering direction from the fiber web.  
         [0057]     In this way, the penetration into the fiber web of the liquid medium applied into the fiber web is improved considerably since, as a result of dewatering the fiber web on the side opposite the application side, flushing of the medium introduced out of the fiber web, as would be the case if the fiber web were to be dewatered on the side of the application, is prevented. Instead, the penetration of the medium is intensified by a “suction effect”, so that the medium is sucked into the fiber web during the dewatering.  
         [0058]     One practical refinement for the implementation of the above embodiment of the invention provides for the fiber web to be led through the press nip in contact with a press felt on the side on which the fiber web can be dewatered. In this case, the press felt performs the function of leading water away from the fiber web during the dewatering. Moreover, the application side of the medium to the fiber web in the press nip is in contact with a surface which is not suitable to pick up water from the fiber web.  
         [0059]     According to a further refinement of the invention, provision is made for the press section to have a press nip which is arranged to follow the press nip in the transport direction of the fiber web, and for a further application device to be provided, by way of which a further liquid medium can be applied in the press section to the side of the fiber web which is arranged opposite the side of the first application. It is thus possible to apply the liquid medium to the fiber web on both sides one after the other, but in each case at least the dewatering in the press nip before which or in which the application of the medium is carried out must be such that application direction or penetration direction of the medium into the fiber web corresponds to the dewatering direction out of the fiber web.  
         [0060]     Furthermore, provision can be made for the press section to have further press nips after the press nip in the transport direction of the fiber web and to be designed in such a way that the fiber web can be dewatered in at least some, preferably all, of the further press nips only on the side of the fiber web which is arranged opposite the side of the application of the medium to the fiber web. In this way, further penetration into the fiber web of the medium applied is supported further by the press nips following the press nip of the application.  
         [0061]     In a manner analogous to the practical refinement, one practical refinement of the aforementioned embodiment provides for it to be possible for the fiber web to be led through one of the further press nips in contact with a press felt on the side on which the fiber web can be dewatered.  
         [0062]     In order to increase the dewatering performance and to increase the penetration of the liquid medium into the fiber web, a further preferred refinement of the invention provides for the press nip to be formed by a roll and an opposing roll, it being possible for the opposing roll to be evacuated and to be brought into contact with the side of the fiber web that can be dewatered.  
         [0063]     Various possible ways of applying the liquid medium to the fiber web are conceivable. According to a preferred refinement of the invention, provision is made for the application device to comprise a spraying device, by way of which the medium can be sprayed directly onto the fiber web. In this embodiment, the medium is generally applied to the fiber web before the press nip. However, it would also be possible to spray the medium onto the fiber web in the press nip.  
         [0064]     According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, provision is made for the application device to comprise a roll which, together with the opposing roll, forms the press nip in which the medium is transferred from the roll to the fiber web. In this embodiment, the medium is applied by the roll to the fiber web in the press nip as said fiber web passes through the press nip.  
         [0065]     Various possible ways in which the medium can be applied to the roll are conceivable. According to a further embodiment of the invention, the application device comprises a spraying device, by way of which the medium can be transferred or sprayed onto the roll.  
         [0066]     According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the application device comprises a functional belt, by way of which the medium can be transferred to the roll.  
         [0067]     In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, provision is made for the application device to comprise a functional belt, which runs through the press nip and hereby transfers the medium to the fiber web. In this case, the fiber web comes into contact in the press nip with the functional belt on which the medium is located, as a result of which the medium is transferred from the functional belt to the fiber web.  
         [0068]     According to a further embodiment of the invention, the fiber web can be led through the press nip following the press nip in the transport direction while in contact with the functional belt. This means that, for example, the medium is transferred from the functional belt to the fiber web in the press nip and the fiber web then runs through the following press nip in contact with the functional belt.  
         [0069]     The press section preferably has a roll that is in contact with two opposing rolls, the roll forming the press nip with one opposing roll and the following press nip with the other opposing roll. Such a configuration is, for example, a constituent part of a press known under the trade name “DuoCentri Nipcoflex press”.  
         [0070]     Furthermore, it is expedient if the functional belt wraps around the roll. This is advantageous in particular when the press nip following the press nip of the application of the medium is the last press nip of the press section. In this case it is possible, for example, for the functional belt to function as a transfer belt between the press section and the drying section.  
         [0071]     In particular if the functional belt functions as a transfer belt between the press section and the drying section, it is expedient if the functional belt is air-permeable and/or transparent to radiation but not liquid-permeable. In this case, it is possible if a drying device is provided between the press section and the drying section, so that the fiber web can be dried on both sides, for example by way of air and/or radiation, i.e. on the side resting on the functional belt and on the free side.  
         [0072]     In order to increase the dryness further following the application of the medium in the press section and before the fiber web enters the press section, a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention accordingly provides, in the transport direction of the fiber web, for a drying device, preferably for non-contact drying, to be provided between the last press nip of the press section and the first drying cylinder of the drying section.  
         [0073]     Furthermore, trials have shown that the dryness following the application of the medium in the press section can be increased further if the temperature in the region of the press section, in particular in the region of the press nip, is higher than 40° C., preferably higher than 50° C. and up to 80° C.  
         [0074]     One practical refinement of the aforementioned possibility of pressing at elevated temperature is for the press felt on which the fiber web can be led through the press nip to be appropriately preheated.  
         [0075]     Furthermore, in the following press configurations, the drynesses can be increased further under the following conditions.  
         [0076]     The press section comprises only roll press nips and the sum of the line forces acting on the fiber web during passage through the press section is 300 kN/m or more, and preferably 350 kN/m or more.  
         [0077]     The press section comprises a shoe press nip and the sum of the line forces acting on the fiber web during passage through the press section is 700 kN/m or more, and preferably 1000 kN/m or more.  
         [0078]     The press section comprises two shoe press nips and the sum of the line forces acting on the fiber web during passage through the press section is 1700 kN/m or more, and preferably 2000 kN/m or more.  
         [0079]     The press section comprises three shoe press nips and the sum of the line forces acting on the fiber web during passage through the press section is 2600 kN/m or more, preferably 3000 kN/m or more, and particularly preferably 4000 kN/m.  
         [0080]     Likewise, to increase the dryness in the press section, it is expedient if the fiber web can be led through at least one of the further press nips on a preheated press felt.  
         [0081]     Furthermore, in order to increase the dryness, it is expedient if the functional belt which transfers the medium to the fiber web and which optionally also leads the fiber web through the press nip and possibly further press nips can be preheated.  
         [0082]     Likewise, to increase the dryness in the fiber web in the press section, it is expedient if the fiber web is preheated at the time of application of the medium.  
         [0083]     Possible ways of preheating the fiber web and/or one of the press felts and/or the functional belt include preheating by steam, radiation, hot air.  
         [0084]     If the medium to be applied is a starch-containing liquid medium, particularly good results in relation to dryness and stability of the fiber web are achieved if the liquid medium has a starch concentration of at least 12%, preferably at least 20%, and particularly preferably of at least 30%.  
         [0085]     Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for the production of a fiber web in which the fiber web is led through a press nip a liquid medium is applied to the fiber web on one side of the fiber web, immediately before the press nip and/or in the press nip.  
         [0086]     Furthermore, a preferred embodiment of the method provides for the fiber web to be dewatered in the press nip only on the side which is arranged opposite the side of the application of the medium to the fiber web.  
         [0087]     In particular, any desired combinations of the two aspects of the invention are also advantageous.  
         [0088]     The invention also provides for a method of producing a fiber web having a mass per unit area of less than 125 g/m 2 , wherein the method comprises applying a fluid application medium to the fibrous web, wherein the fluid application medium is a liquid having a solids concentration of 15% or more.  
         [0089]     The fiber web may comprise one of a paper web, a board web and a tissue web. The fiber web may have one of a mass per unit area of less than 100 g/m 2  and a mass per unit area of less than 80 g/m 2 . The fluid application medium may be starch. The fluid application medium may be a liquid having a solids concentration of one of more than 25% and more than 30%. The applying may take place in a press section of a machine for the production of the fiber web and further comprising conveying the fibrous web using felts and transfer belts and conditioning, using a liquid supplied and discharged via an individual circulation, one of at least one of the felts and at least one of the transfer belts. The method may further comprise feeding the liquid back into a preparation process for the production of the fluid application medium. An applied quantity of the fluid application medium may be between 2% and 8% of the mass per unit area of one of a finished paper wound up on a spool of a winder and a finished board wound up on a spool of a winder. The method may further comprise increasing a temperature of the fluid application medium after the applying by utilizing one of a heated transfer belt, a heated felt, and a heated roll onto which the fluid application medium is applied directly or indirectly. The applying may occur one of directly and indirectly, and immediately before one of a press nip and a last press nip in a press section. The fluid application medium may be one of native, an uncooked starch, degraded, an oxidative, enzymatically degraded, a starch, and a cationic starch.  
         [0090]     The applying may comprise applying to the fluid application medium to two sides of the fiber web after mechanical pressing of the fiber web, and wherein the fiber web has a grammage of more than 80 g/m 2 . The applying may comprise applying a first application of the fluid application medium in a press nip of a press section, and applying a second application to an opposite side of the fiber web in a drying section. The applying may occur in a machine comprising press section having a plurality of guide rolls, over which one of felts and transfer belts are led, and at least one device for conditioning a felt is arranged before a first guide roll. The machine may further comprise devices for conditioning felts set against guide rolls following the first guide roll in a direction of circulation. The machine may comprise doctors for cleaning circumferential surfaces of the guide rolls. The machine may comprise a device for one of spraying and cleaning a circumferential surface of one of the guide rolls. The machine may further comprise a system for collecting the fluid application medium and feeding it back into a system for preparing the fluid application medium.  
         [0091]     The invention also provides for a machine for producing a fiber web comprising a press section having at least one press nip and at least one application device structured and arranged to apply a liquid medium to one side of the fiber web at least one of immediately before the at least one press nip and in the at least one press nip.  
         [0092]     The at least one press nip may be structured and arranged to dewatered a side of the fiber web opposite said one side of the fiber web. The fiber web may pass through the at least one press nip with a press felt and wherein the press felt contacts a side of the fiber web opposite said one side of the fiber web. The press section may comprise a second press nip arranged after the at least one the press nip in a transport direction of the fiber web, and further comprising a second application device structured and arranged to apply a liquid medium a side of the fiber web opposite said one side of the fiber web. The press section may comprise additional press nips arranged after the at least one press nip in a transport direction of the fiber web, and wherein the fiber web is dewatered in at least some of the additional press nips on only a side of the fiber web opposite said one side of the fiber web. The press section may comprise additional press nips, wherein the fiber web passes through the additional press nips with a press felt, and wherein a side of the fiber web opposite said one side of the fiber web contacts the press felt.  
         [0093]     The at least one press nip may be formed by a roll and a roll that can be evacuated, and wherein the roll that can be evacuated contacts a side of the fiber web opposite said one side of the fiber web. The at least one press nip may be formed by a shoe roll and an opposing roll. The application device may comprise a spraying device that directly applies the liquid medium. The application device may comprise a belt that directly applies the liquid medium to the fiber web. The application device may comprise a roll of the at least one press nip, whereby the liquid medium is transferred from the roll to the fiber web. The application device may comprise a spraying device which applies the liquid medium to a roll of the at least one press nip. The application device may comprise a belt that transfers the liquid medium to a roll of the at least one press nip. The application device may comprise a belt and wherein the fiber web and the belt pass through the at least one press nip. The liquid medium may be transferred to the fiber web as the fiber web passes through the at least one press nip. The liquid medium may be transferred to the fiber web before the fiber web passes through the at least one press nip. The application device may comprise a belt and wherein the fiber web passes through the at least one press nip and then another press nip while in contact with the belt. The at least one press nip may comprise two press nips formed by a roll and two opposing rolls. The application device may comprise a belt and wherein the belt wraps around a roll of the at least one press nip. The application device may comprise a liquid-impermeable belt. The application device may comprise at least one of an air-permeable belt and a belt that is transparent to radiation. The at least one press nip may be the next to last press nip of the press section. The application device may comprise a belt and wherein the belt transfers the fiber web between the press section and a drying section.  
         [0094]     The machine may further comprise a drying device arranged between a last press nip of the press section and a first drying cylinder of a drying section. The drying device may comprise a non-contact drying device. A temperature in a region of the at least one press nip may be higher than 40° C. The temperature may be one of higher than 50° C. and up to 80° C. The press section may comprise only roll press nips and a sum of line forces acting on the fiber web during passage through the press section is one of 300 kN/m or more and 350 kN/m or more. The at least one press nip may comprise a shoe press nip and a sum of line forces acting on the fiber web during passage through the press section is one of 700 kN/m or more and 1000 kN/m or more. The at least one press nip may comprise two shoe press nips and a sum of line forces acting on the fiber web during passage through the press section is one of 1700 kN/m or more and 2000 kN/m or more. The at least one press nip may comprise three shoe press nips and a sum of line forces acting on the fiber web during passage through the press section is one of 2600 kN/m or more, 3000 kN/m or more, and 4000 kN/m. The machine may further comprise a preheated press felt passing with the fiber web through the at least one press nip. The machine may further comprise a preheated press felt passing with the fiber web through the at least one press nip and through at least one additional press nip. The application device may comprise a preheated belt. The fiber web may be preheated at a time of application of the fluid medium. The machine may further comprise a device for preheating at least one of the fiber web, a press felt, and the application device. The liquid medium applied to the fiber web may have a starch concentration of one of at least 12%; at least 20%; and at least 30%.  
         [0095]     The invention also provides for a method of producing a fiber web having a mass per unit area of less than 125 g/m 2 , wherein the method comprises applying a fluid application medium to the fibrous web in a press section before or while the fiber web passes through a press nip of a press section and subjecting the fiber web to dewatering at the press nip, wherein the fluid application medium is a liquid having a solids concentration of 15% or more. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0096]     In the following text, the invention will be explained in more detail by using exemplary embodiments. Here, the first aspect of the invention is to be described in particular by using FIGS.  1  to  7 , and the second aspect of the invention is to be described in particular by using FIGS.  8  to  15  although, as already mentioned, any desired combinations of these two aspects of the invention also being possible. In the figures:  
         [0097]      FIG. 1  shows a press section having two press nips formed by different pairs of press cylinders and having at least one device for the application of a fluid application medium;  
         [0098]      FIGS. 2   a, b  show two variants for the region after the second press nip from the press section according to  FIG. 1 ;  
         [0099]      FIG. 3  shows a press section having a central roll and two devices for the application of a fluid application medium;  
         [0100]      FIG. 4  shows a press section according to  FIG. 3  having a single device for the application of the fluid medium;  
         [0101]      FIG. 5  shows a press section and a single-row drying section, in which in each case an application device is arranged;  
         [0102]      FIG. 6  shows a schematic illustration of a press section having suction devices, via which the press water contaminated with starch is led away;  
         [0103]      FIG. 7  shows a schematic drawing relating to the use and preparation of the press water contaminated with starch;  
         [0104]      FIG. 8  shows a press section having a central roll forming two press nips, in which an application is made to the fiber web before the press nip as said web is led over a first press roll;  
         [0105]      FIG. 9  shows the press section according to  FIG. 8  in which an application is made to a belt, which discharges the application onto the fiber web as the latter is led over the first press roll;  
         [0106]      FIG. 10  shows the press section according to  FIG. 8  in which an application is made to the circumferential surface of the central roll;  
         [0107]      FIG. 11  shows the press section according to  FIG. 8  in which the application is made to a belt, which discharges the application onto the central roll;  
         [0108]      FIG. 12  shows a press section having a central roll forming two press nips in conjunction with part of a drying section, an application being made to a belt wrapping around the central roll;  
         [0109]      FIG. 13  shows a press section in conjunction with part of a drying section, an application likewise being made to a belt wrapping around the central roll;  
         [0110]      FIG. 14  shows a press section having two shoe presses arranged one after the other; and  
         [0111]      FIG. 15  shows a press section having three shoe presses arranged one after another. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0112]     A press section  1  ( FIG. 1 ) is formed by a Tandem Nipcoflex press. By way of a pick-up roll  4 , a fiber web  3  is sucked from a wire of a twin-wire former  2  onto a felt  5  and is led through a first press nip  7  by the latter together with a second felt  6 . By way of further rolls  8 ,  9 , each equipped with a suction zone, the fiber web  3  is first transferred to a felt  10  and then between the latter and a further felt  11 .  
         [0113]     Before the fiber web  3  comes into the region between the two felts  10 ,  11 , it is sprayed by a device  12  for applying the application medium, in particular a starch-containing liquid.  
         [0114]     The application medium is also applied to the fiber web  3  indirectly. To this end, the application medium is applied in a device  13  to the felt  11  already preheated by a drying and/or heating device  14 . The felt  11  is then led through a heating device  15  fitted to both sides.  
         [0115]     Arranged after the felt  11  in the running direction of the latter is a further application device  16 , before the felt  11  is led together with the fiber web  3 , so that the layer applied to the latter by the devices  13 ,  16  is transferred to the fiber web  3 , which is then led through a second press nip  17 .  
         [0116]     Controllers, tensioning devices and devices for conditioning the felts can be arranged on the two felts  10 ,  11  and also on the felts  5 ,  6 , such as the devices  18 ,  19 ,  20 . The cleaning agent applied by the devices  18 ,  19 ,  20  can be removed again by doctors. The cleaning agent can also be doctored off indirectly from the shell of a roll, which in each case can be arranged in the immediate proximity of the devices  18 ,  19 ,  20 .  
         [0117]     Via further suction rolls  21 ,  22 , the fiber web  3  is transferred to a transfer belt  23 , by way of which it is led onward through a single-row drying section  24  having drying cylinders  25  and deflection rolls  26 . Foil boxes or suction devices  27  are set against the transfer belt  23 . The transfer from the press section  1  to the drying section  24  is carried out in the region  28 .  
         [0118]     In the region  28 , the fiber web  3  is either led through in the sandwich ( FIG. 2   b ) or the felt  10  ( FIG. 2   a ) is led away upward immediately after the press nip  17 , so that the fiber web  3  rests on the felt  11  on only one side. Between the press nip  17  and the roll  22  ( FIG. 2   a ) there is preferably arranged a drying device  29 ; likewise, a drying device  30  is preferably fitted between the two rolls  21 ,  22  ( FIG. 2   b ).  
         [0119]     Another press section  31  ( FIG. 3 ) is formed by a DuoCentri Nipcoflex press. In the press section  31 , by way of a pick-up roll  4 , a fiber web  32  is also sucked from a wire of a twin-wire former  2  onto a felt  5  and is led by the latter, together with a further felt  33 , belonging to a suction press roll  34 , through a first press nip  35 , which the suction press roll  34  forms together with a central roll  36 .  
         [0120]     Set against the central roll  36  is a shoe press roll  38  forming a second press nip  37  with the former. A felt  39  is led around the shoe press roll  38 . The fiber web  32  is led through the two press nips  35 ,  37  in the sandwich, resting on the central roll  36  over a transfer belt  40 .  
         [0121]     Set against the transfer belt  40  is an application device  41  for the application of an application medium. In order to control the temperature of the transfer belt  40 , there are heating and drying devices  42 ,  43 ,  44 , which can be arranged on both sides of the transfer belt. In addition to the application device  41  from which the application medium is discharged onto the fiber web  32  via the transfer belt  40 , there is a further application device  45  opposite the press suction roll  34 , which device applies the application medium directly to the fiber web  32 .  
         [0122]     After the fiber web  32  has passed through the two press nips  35 ,  37  and has been heated again by the drying device  44 , it is transferred by way of a suction roll  46  to a felt or transfer belt  47 , with which it is led jointly through a single-row drying section  48 .  
         [0123]     All the felts  5 ,  33 ,  39  and transfer belts  40  can be equipped on both sides with cleaning, tensioning and conditioning devices, as illustrated by way of example by using conditioning devices  49 ,  50  on the felt  39 . It goes without saying that, for each felt  5 ,  33 ,  39  and for each transfer belt  40 , it is also possible for a plurality of such devices to be arranged, if this is necessary. It goes without saying that devices for removing, in particular for doctoring off, and for carrying the conditioning agent away are also provided.  
         [0124]     As an alternative to the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 3 , in a variant according to  FIG. 4  the fiber web  32  is led around the central roll  36  felted only on one side and is transferred from the latter, by way of the suction roll  46 , to the transfer belt  47  belonging to the drying section  48 . According to this embodiment, only the application device  45  is present as the single application device. However, in this case, a plurality of application devices can also be arranged.  
         [0125]     After the suction roll  46 , as in the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 3 , foil boxes or suction devices  51  can be set against the fiber web  32 .  
         [0126]     In a press section having one press nip  52  ( FIG. 5 ) between a press roll  56  and a shoe press roll  57 , an application medium is applied indirectly to the fiber web  32  at a first application point by an application device  58 , by the medium being sprayed onto the press roll  56 . The application material reaches the fiber web  32  within the press nip  52 , while water is forced out of the fiber web  32  on the opposite side and is picked up by a felt  59 , which is led through the press nip  52  together with the fiber web  32 .  
         [0127]     Also arranged on the felt  59 , in particular opposite a deflection roll, are a tensioning device  60 , a controller  61 , in particular for the adjustment of the angular position of the felt  59 , and at least one conditioning device  62 . The moisture is again removed from the felt  59  by a suction pipe  63  and/or other suction devices.  
         [0128]     After passing through the press nip  52 , the fiber web  32  is led past a drying or heating device  64 , in order to dry the application of the application medium on the upper side of the fiber web  32 .  
         [0129]     The fiber web  32  is then sucked off the felt  59  via a suction roll  65  onto a transfer belt  66 ; the fiber web  32  is led by the latter over drying cylinders  67  and deflection rolls  68  formed as suction rolls of a single-row drying section  69 . Arranged on one of the deflection rolls  68  is an application device  70  as a second application device for the application medium within the paper machine. The application device  70  comprises an application unit  71 , which applies the application material to the smooth circumferential surface of a transfer roll  72 . From the latter, the application medium reaches the side of the fiber web  32  which is opposite the side to which application medium was applied first in the press nip  52 . Set against the transfer roll  72  on the side opposite the application unit is a cleaning device  73 , which cleans the surface of the transfer roll  72  of application material which has not been picked up by the fiber web  32  in the nip between the transfer roll  72  and the deflection roll  68 . The application material sprayed off, rinsed off and/or wiped off or doctored off by the cleaning device  73  is led away via a discharge channel  74 .  
         [0130]     This form of application to the fiber web  32  with two application points arranged one after the other is suitable in particular at speeds of more than 800 m/min.  
         [0131]     According to the invention, a division of the water arising in the press section is accordingly provided, depending on whether this is loaded with starch or unloaded. If a fiber web  75  ( FIG. 6 ) is led through a press nip  76  between two press rolls in a press section, press water arising there is led away via suction devices  77 ,  78  and a line  79 .  
         [0132]     Likewise, press water contaminated by starch and arising from the conditioning is sucked away by way of suction pipes  80 ,  81  and led away via a line  82 . Depending on contamination, the press waters in the lines  79 ,  82  can either be combined or treated further separately.  
         [0133]     In a paper machine  83  ( FIG. 7 ), effluent to be led away arises in the wire section  84  and in the press section  85 . The press water, which is subjected to a cleaning treatment in a unit  86 , is fed to the headbox of the wire section  84  again, for example as dilution water. After or before the treatment unit  86 , the press water or some of the press water can be fed again to a device  87  for starch preparation so that the starch already contained in the press water can be fed to the production process again.  
         [0134]     Likewise, some of the treated press water is fed back from the unit  86  to stock preparation devices  88  or to the approach system  89 , which is arranged upstream of the paper machine  83 , in order to be used as dilution water there. Some of the press water, which is either not needed on account of the quantities of press water accumulating or because it contains too many undesired waste substances, is taken out of the production process via a removal unit  90  and has to be disposed of as effluent.  
         [0135]     A fiber web  101  ( FIG. 8 ) coming from a wire section  102  is led through a press section  103 . In the latter, after passing through a press nip  169 , which is formed by a roll  170  and an opposing roll  107 , it is led through two press nips  104 ,  105 , which are formed by a roll  106  and the opposing roll  107  and respectively by the roll  106  and an opposing roll  108 . The opposing roll  107  is additionally equipped with a suction zone, in order to suck the fiber web  101  off a belt or felt  109  and, above all, to assist the dewatering of the fiber web  101 .  
         [0136]     As the fiber web  101  wraps around the press roll  107 , a medium is applied by a device  110  to one side  151  of the fiber web  101  in the region of the shell of the press roll  107 . The medium is either starch or size. Steam is preferably also sprayed on in order to heat the fiber web  101 . The medium is applied immediately before the press nip  104 . The fiber web  101  is then led through the first press nip  104  in order to join the application firmly to it, while moisture from the fiber web  101  is led away via press felt  111 . In this case, the fiber web  101  in the press nip  104  is dewatered only on the side  152  of the fiber web  101  which is arranged opposite the side  151  of the application of the medium to the fiber web  101 . Accordingly, dewatering takes place in such a way that the dewatering direction of the moisture from the fiber web  101  is the same as the penetration direction of the medium into the fiber web. In the press nip  105  following the press nip  104 , the moisture is led away via a press felt  112 . In this case, the dewatering of the fiber web is likewise carried out in such a way that the fiber web  101  is dewatered only on the side  152  of the fiber web  101  which is arranged opposite the side  151  of the application of the medium to the fiber web  101 . This means that the dewatering direction of the moisture from the fiber web  101  in the press nip  105  is also the same as the penetration direction of the medium into the fiber web.  
         [0137]     In a similar way, in an alternative embodiment ( FIG. 9 ), the fiber web  101  is provided with an application before the first press nip  104 . In this case, an application device  113  comprises a spraying device  146  and a functional belt  114 . The spraying device  146  transfers the medium, in particular starch or size, to the functional belt  114 . The functional belt  114  discharges the application onto the fiber web  101  in a nip  115  formed by the functional belt  114  with the opposing roll  107 , as the fiber web  101  wraps around the shell of the opposing roll  107 .  
         [0138]     A heating device  116  can be arranged on the functional belt  114  for heating, in particular for non-contact heating. Likewise, a conditioning device can also be provided on the functional belt  114 . In both the arrangements illustrated in  FIGS. 8 and 9 , the application of the medium is carried out against the opposing roll  107  formed as a suction roll.  
         [0139]     In another refinement of the invention ( FIG. 10 ), an application device  147  has a spraying device  117  and the roll  106 . The spraying device  117  applies the medium to the circumferential surface of the roll  106 , which forms the press nip  104  with the opposing roll  107 . The roll  106  discharges the medium onto the side  151  of the fiber web  101  in the press nip  104 .  
         [0140]     In a similar way to that illustrated in  FIG. 9  by using the functional belt  114 , in another embodiment of the invention ( FIG. 11 ), an application to the roll  106  is made indirectly by a spraying device  118  of an application device  148  applying an application to a functional belt  119 , which application is transferred to the roll  106  in a nip  120 , so that it is passed on to the side  151  of the fiber web  101  in the press nip  104 .  
         [0141]     In all the embodiments illustrated in FIGS.  9  to  11 , the dewatering in the first press nip  104  and in the second press nip  105  is carried out in such a way that the dewatering direction of the moisture from the fiber web  101  is the same as the penetration direction of the medium into the fiber web.  
         [0142]     As an option, in the press arrangements illustrated in FIGS.  8  to  11 , the opposing roll  108  can be is implemented as a shoe press roll.  
         [0143]     In another embodiment ( FIG. 12 ), a fiber web  122  coming from a wire section  121  is transferred via a lower felt  123  to a press section  124  having a roll  125 . The latter forms two press nips  126 ,  127  with opposing rolls  128 ,  129 , of which the opposing roll  128  is simultaneously formed as a suction roll.  
         [0144]     The press section  124  has an application device  149 , with which a medium is transferred to the side  151  of the fiber web  122  in the press nip  126 . To this end, before the press nip  126 , an application, for example starch, is applied via a spraying device  130  to a functional belt  131 , which is air-permeable but not liquid-permeable. The functional belt  131  runs through the press nip  126  together with the fiber web and a press felt  153 . In the press nip  126 , the medium is transferred to the side  151  of the fiber web  112  and dewatered at the same time with the aid of the press felt  153  via the side  152  opposite the side  151 , so that the dewatering direction from the fiber web  122  is the same as the penetration direction of the medium into the fiber web. The functional belt  131  wraps around the roll  125 .  
         [0145]     After passing through the press nip  126 , the fiber web  122  runs through the press nip  127 . Here, too, dewatering takes place in such a way that the dewatering direction from the fiber web  122  is the same as the penetration direction of the medium into the fiber web. The fiber web  122  is also led through the press nip  127  in contact with the functional belt  131 . The press nip  127  is the last press nip of the press section  124 .  
         [0146]     Furthermore, the functional belt  131  functions as a transfer belt between the press section  124  and a drying section  136 .  
         [0147]     After the functional belt  131  has passed through the press section  124 , the functional belt  131 , together with the fiber web  122  transported by it, is heated and dried from both sides or at least from a single side, in particular from the top side, by drying devices  132 ,  133 . The upper drying device  132  produces hot air, while the lower drying device  133  is, for example, a radiant dryer. In addition, a further drying device  134  can be arranged on the fiber web  122  in the following region of a dryer fabric. For the case in which the belt  131  is air-impermeable, both drying devices  132 ,  134  are radiant dryers. However, the use of an air-permeable belt  131  has the advantage that drying can be carried out through it.  
         [0148]     If the functional belt  131  is air-impermeable, an automatic break detector having an optical or thermal sensor is preferably provided, which detects the presence of the fiber web  122  on the drying device  134 , so that the latter can be deactivated in the event of a web break by being switched off or pivoted away, so that the drying device  134  does not heat the dryer fabric and damage the latter.  
         [0149]     A conditioning device  135  is set against the functional belt  131 . A cleaning agent is applied, for example by spraying, and is subsequently wiped off again.  
         [0150]     The functional belt  131  gives up the application of the medium applied by the device  130  in the press nip  126  to the fiber web  122  as it wraps around the roll  125  together with the fiber web  122 .  
         [0151]     After passing through the press section  124 , the fiber web  122  is led into a single-row drying section  136  having drying cylinders  137  and deflection rolls  138  formed as suction rolls, and also negative pressure regions  139 . In the latter, a vacuum of preferably more than 5 kPa is used in order to permit reliable detachment of the fiber web  122  from the drying cylinders  137 , since the side of the fiber web  122  to which medium has just been applied rests on the circumferential side of the drying cylinders  137 .  
         [0152]     In a further exemplary embodiment ( FIG. 13 ), the fiber web  122  coming from a top wire from the wire section  121  is led through two press nips  126 ,  127  formed with the roll  125  and the opposing rolls  128 ,  129 , the arrangement representing an inverted DuoCentri Nipcoflex press as compared with the embodiment according to  FIG. 12 .  
         [0153]     An air-impermeable belt  140  wraps around the roll  125 . The press section  124  has an application device  150  which comprises a functional belt  140  and a spraying device  141 . The spraying device sprays the medium onto the functional belt  140 . The functional belt  140  runs through the press nip  126  and, in the latter, gives up the medium picked up to the side  151  of the fiber web  122 . The fiber web  122  is then led onward on an air-permeable belt  142 . Set against the belt  142  are drying devices  143 ,  144  which operate without contact on both sides, for example with radiant heat or with hot air. A drying device  145  for non-contact drying can also be set against the belt  140 .  
         [0154]     In the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 13 , too, the dewatering in the two press nips  126  and  127  is carried out in such a way that the dewatering direction from the fiber web  122  is the same as the penetration direction of the medium into the fiber web  122 .  
         [0155]     The embodiment according to  FIG. 13  has the advantage as compared with the design variant illustrated in  FIG. 12  that the belt  142  can consist of a material which is not damaged or destroyed when no fiber web  122  is led over the belt  142  and therefore the drying devices  143 ,  144  heat the belt  142 .  
         [0156]      FIG. 14  shows a further refinement of the invention and utilizing a press section  155  which has two shoe press units  157  and  158  arranged one after the other in the transport direction of a fiber web.  
         [0157]     The fiber web  156  is led through the shoe press unit  157  in the sandwich between an upper press felt  162  and a lower press felt  163 .  
         [0158]     After that, the fiber web  156  is transferred to an upper press felt  161  and is led through the press nip  168  formed by a shoe press roll  166  and an opposing roll  167  between the upper press felt  161  and a functional belt  159 . In this case, the fiber web is dewatered only on the side  152 .  
         [0159]     In the region of the functional belt  159 , before the press nip  168  in the transport direction of the fiber web  156 , a liquid medium is applied to the side  151  of the fiber web  156  by way of an application device  164 . The application device  164  has a spraying device  165  and the functional belt  159 . In the present exemplary embodiment, the medium is sprayed onto the functional belt  159  and, beginning from the region of a roller  171 , is transferred to the fiber web  156  and subsequently carried into the fiber web  156  in the press nip  168 .  
         [0160]     The functional belt  159  is liquid-impermeable, so the fiber web  156  in the press nip  168  is dewatered in such a way that the dewatering direction from the fiber web  156  is the same as the penetration direction of the medium into the fiber web  156 .  
         [0161]     After passing through the press nip  168 , the fiber web  156  is transported onward on the functional belt  159  and transferred to a drying section  160  at a roll  172 .  
         [0162]      FIG. 15  shows an embodiment of a press section having three shoe press units  175 ,  176  and  177  arranged one after another in the transport direction of the fiber web.  
         [0163]     After passing through the shoe press unit  175 , a liquid medium is applied to the side  151  of the fiber web  156  by way of a functional belt  179  before the passage through the press nip  177  formed by the shoe press unit  176 . The fiber web  156  is led through the press nip  177  in the sandwich between an upper press felt  178  and the liquid-impermeable functional belt  179  and, in this case, is dewatered only on the side  152 .  
         [0164]     After passing through the shoe press unit  176 , the fiber web  156  is led, on an upper press felt  181  of the shoe press unit  177  and in the sandwich between the upper press felt  181  and a liquid-impermeable belt  182 , through the press nip  180  formed by the shoe press unit  177  and, in this case, is dewatered only on the side  152 .  
         [0165]     In this case, the fiber web  156  is dewatered in the press nips  180  and  177  in such a way that the dewatering direction from the fiber web  156  is the same as the penetration direction of the medium into the fiber web  156 .  
         [0166]     Any desired combinations of the two aspects of the invention explained in more detail, for example by using FIGS.  1  to  7 , on the one hand, and FIGS.  8  to  15 , on the other hand, are possible.  
       LIST OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS  
       [0000]    
       
           1  Press section  
           2  Twin-wire former  
           3  Fiber web  
           4  Pick-up roll  
           5  Felt  
           6  Felt  
           7  Press nip  
           8  Roll  
           9  Roll  
           10  Felt  
           11  Felt  
           12  Application device  
           13  Application device  
           14  Drying and/or heating device  
           15  Heating device  
           16  Application device  
           17  Press nip  
           18  Conditioning device  
           19  Conditioning device  
           20  Conditioning device  
           21  Suction roll  
           22  Suction roll  
           23  Transfer belt  
           24  Drying section  
           25  Drying cylinder  
           26  Deflection roll  
           27  Foil box or suction device  
           28  Transfer region  
           29  Drying device  
           30  Drying device  
           31  Press section  
           32  Fiber web  
           33  Felt  
           34  Suction press roll  
           35  Press nip  
           36  Central roll  
           37  Press nip  
           38  Shoe press roll  
           39  Felt  
           40  Transfer belt  
           41  Application device  
           42  Heating and drying device  
           43  Heating and drying device  
           44  Heating and drying device  
           45  Application device  
           46  Suction roll  
           47  Felt, transfer belt  
           48  Drying section  
           51  Foil box or suction device  
           52  Press nip  
           56  Press roll  
           57  Shoe press roll  
           58  Application device  
           59  Felt  
           60  Tensioning device  
           61  Controller  
           62  Conditioning device  
           63  Suction pipe  
           64  Drying or heating device  
           65  Suction roll  
           66  Transfer belt  
           67  Drying cylinder  
           68  Deflection roll  
           69  Drying section  
           70  Application device  
           71  Application unit  
           72  Transfer roll  
           73  Cleaning device  
           74  Discharge channel  
           75  Fiber web  
           76  Press nip  
           77  Suction device  
           78  Suction device  
           79  Line  
           80  Suction pipe  
           81  Suction pipe  
           82  Line  
           83  Paper machine  
           84  Wire section  
           85  Press section  
           86  Treatment unit  
           87  Starch preparation device  
           88  Stock preparation devices  
           89  Approach system  
           90  Removal unit  
           101  Fiber web  
           102  Wire section  
           103  Press section  
           104  Press nip  
           105  Press nip  
           106  Roll  
           107  Opposing roll  
           108  Opposing roll  
           109  Belt, felt  
           110  Application device  
           111  Press felt  
           112  Press felt  
           113  Application device  
           114  Functional belt  
           115  Nip  
           116  Heating device  
           117  Spraying device  
           118  Spraying device  
           119  Functional belt  
           120  Nip  
           121  Wire section  
           122  Fiber web  
           123  Lower felt  
           124  Press section  
           125  Roll  
           126  Press nip  
           127  Press nip  
           128  Opposing roll  
           129  Opposing roll  
           130  Spraying device  
           131  Functional belt  
           132  Drying device  
           133  Drying device  
           134  Drying device  
           135  Conditioning device  
           136  Drying section  
           137  Drying cylinder  
           138  Deflection roll  
           139  Negative pressure region  
           140  Functional belt  
           141  Spraying device  
           142  Air-permeable belt  
           143  Drying device  
           144  Drying device  
           145  Drying device  
           146  Spraying device  
           147  Application device  
           148  Application device  
           149  Application device  
           150  Application device  
           151  Side  
           152  Side  
           153  Press felt  
           154  Press felt  
           155  Press section  
           156  Fiber web  
           157  Shoe press unit  
           158  Shoe press unit  
           159  Functional belt  
           160  Drying section  
           161  Upper press felt  
           162  Upper press felt  
           163  Lower press felt  
           164  Application device  
           165  Spraying device  
           166  Shoe press roll  
           167  Opposing roll  
           168  Press nip  
           169  Press nip  
           170  Roll  
           171  Roller  
           172  Roll  
           175  Shoe press unit  
           176  Shoe press unit  
           177  Press nip  
           178  Upper press felt  
           179  Functional belt  
           180  Press nip  
           181  Upper press felt  
           182  Liquid-impermeable belt  
           183  Application device  
           184  Roll  
           185  Roll

Technology Classification (CPC): 3