Patent Abstract:
A tool has a pair of elongate housings adapted to be joined together in a housing assembly for enclosing and supporting a flexible drive mechanism entrained about a pair of rotatable elements. Each of the rotatable elements is disposed on the housing assembly at opposite ends thereof. A flexible drive mechanism provides a transfer of power between the rotatable elements so that rotation of one rotatable element at one input end of the housing assembly will effect driven rotation of the other rotatable element at an output end of the housing assembly. The elongate housings include male and female configurations for aligning and joining the housings without independent fasteners.

Full Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]    This application is based on Provisional U.S. patent application Ser. No. 60/259,065 filed Dec. 29, 2000, originally titled “Chain Drive Tools”. 
     
    
     
       FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    This invention relates generally to tools with a rotational power output providing distance extending, angle changing, torque increasing and rotational power transferring capabilities. More particularly, the invention relates to chain drive tools and a system which provides an improved, simplified rotational power transferring capability with a directional control or ratcheting option and a modular option that allows assembling the tools in a wide variety of angular and extended configurations to enable accomplishing tasks such as tightening and loosening threaded fasteners and the like located in remote, difficult to reach or limited access locations. The present invention has further utility in the field of machine tooling, by providing the capability of changing the location and direction of rotational power from its original source to allow machining and other functions in locations and orientations not reachable using conventional tooling and fixturing.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0003]    The problem of providing access in confined spaces for efficient machining and assembly purposes has long existed. Often engineers must re-design all or part of a project due to lack of access for manufacturing or installation. Most hand wrenches or ratchets must be swung in an arc, which motion may be limited or impossible due to obstructions around the item or items being assembled, installed or removed. In the machining art, many parts often must be set up and machined more than one time so that the machine tool or tools have access to the area being machined.  
           [0004]    Pneumatic and electric power tools include an attached hose, cord or battery all of which can be heavy and inconvenient. These tools also usually require straight-in access into cavities and other recessed and remote locations. These requirements make the tools inconvenient, expensive and sometimes impossible to use for certain applications. The known tools typically do not function so as to transfer power or torque around corners or form compound angles without some type of additional adaptor or knuckle-type component which can be cumbersome and bind when loaded. The known adaptor and knuckle-type components are also typically limited to producing a maximum  30  degree angle to the original drive source because of the binding problem of their components.  
           [0005]    Known prior art flexible drives have lacked any significant commercial success due to many reasons including high manufacturing costs, complexity and inability to extend or transfer rotational power around corners well enough to justify the expense of the drives to customers.  
           [0006]    The known prior art flexible drive devices suffer variously from the following disadvantages as presented below.  
           [0007]    Disadvantages Index  
           [0008]    A. Can be used as a power transfer device only, cannot function independently.  
           [0009]    B. Lack the ability to function adjustably around corners.  
           [0010]    C. Contain additional parts to maintain chain tightness.  
           [0011]    D. Contain no provision for machine applications.  
           [0012]    E. Are complex and expensive to manufacture.  
           [0013]    F. Need an exterior ratchet mechanism to operate.  
           [0014]    G. Do not provide an economical means of adjustable compound angle operation.  
           [0015]    H. Housings do not provide a self-locking mechanism for assembly.  
           [0016]    I. Do not provide a mechanical advantage.  
           [0017]    J. Do not provide an economical means for adding a power source.  
           [0018]    K. Must be mounted onto another tool for operation.  
           [0019]    L. Flexible drive mechanism is exposed during operation—will accumulate dirt and become entangled with other objects.  
           [0020]    M. Exposed drive mechanism may pinch or otherwise injure operator during use.  
           [0021]    N. Do not contain internal square drives for multiple function use.  
           [0022]    O. Do not contain a ratchet-enabling switch.  
           [0023]    P. Ratchet switch is not located on operator end.  
           [0024]    Q. Ratchet switch does not provide a neutral position for use.  
           [0025]    R. Do not specify die casting or injection molding for precise and economical manufacture of parts.  
           [0026]    S. Lack any significant commercial success.  
           [0027]    T. Multiple tools cannot be securely connected at adjustable angles and compound angles for operation.  
           [0028]    U. Cannot be used as a torque transfer device.  
           [0029]    V. Do not specify safety enhancing materials for manufacture.  
           [0030]    W. Cannot provide rotary motion through the adjustable angle connection point between tools.  
           [0031]    As explained below the novel Advanced Tool Systems of the present invention overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art set forth above.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0032]    This invention is an economical, yet versatile tool and system which provides increased access and efficiency for manufacturing, machining and assembly operations while also providing increased safety and ergonomics.  
           [0033]    The system is comprised of three parts:  
           [0034]    A. Basic tool designs and configurations. (Hereafter referred to as “Chain Drive Tools” or CDT.)  
           [0035]    B. Secondary tools for separate use or for enhancing basic system.  
           [0036]    C. Accessories, tool holding and tool-retaining systems to compliment the complete system.  
         Summary—Basic Tools Designs  
         [0037]    This invention is comprised of a two-part housing which encloses an endless chain and two sprockets for providing rotational power output and one or more of the following novel features:  
           [0038]    A. An exterior tool interlock system for joining two (or more) tools and for angle adjustment.  
           [0039]    B. An internal two or three-position selector switch for ratcheting and power-driven modes of operation.  
           [0040]    C. The housing may be configured straight, permanently angled, tapered, at compound angles or any combination thereof.  
           [0041]    D. The housings can be easily designed to contain their own power source (battery, pneumatic, ac/dc electric, hydraulic, mechanical advantage etc.) and still maintain the other modes of operation.  
           [0042]    E. The housing may also provide holes for attachment to machine tools, for independent action or placement and holding of the tool in a confined space.  
           [0043]    F. The housing may provide its own assembly features.  
           [0044]    G. Compound and right angle tools containing an additional drive gear and reconfigured housings.  
         Summary—Secondary Tools  
         [0045]    The present invention includes a triple tool comprised of an outer housing, two drive gears and two end plates and one or more of the following novel features:  
           [0046]    A. An outer housing of one-piece cast or injection molded construction.  
           [0047]    B. End plates press-fit into the outer housing of the tool requiring no additional parts and containing an anti-rotation feature.  
           [0048]    C. End plates that may incorporate a lug interlock system for combination with other Chain Drive Tools at adjustable angles.  
           [0049]    D. Drive gears incorporating an external, or internal, square drive and containing an internal hex or an internal thread for securing tools thereto and using the lug interlock system.  
           [0050]    The present invention also includes a combination tool. This invention is comprised of a formed tube and a cross-member and one or more of the following novel features:  
           [0051]    A. The tube is one-piece and forms an internal spark plug or similar hex or other drive socket or member on one end and an external square drive or internal square drive holder on the other end.  
           [0052]    B. The tube also contains a cross hole for use of cross-member to apply extra force as a T-handle or to be tapped by a hammer.  
           [0053]    C. The tube handle is externally sized for hand operation as a square or screw driver as well as internally sized to grip cross-member for storage.  
           [0054]    D. The square drive adaptor also contains an internal hex for screwdriver tip use.  
           [0055]    E. The cross member can also be used as a square driver for sockets.  
           [0056]    The drive adaptor may be eliminated by incorporating it as part of formed tube, however this will limit it&#39;s versatility to function with other drive adaptors for other uses.  
           [0057]    The invention can also include a hand-wheel, which is a multiple use tool incorporating an external square drive or internal square drive or other useful configuration and an internal hex feature for direct operation by hand or power tools or separate use as a screwdriver with standard hex bits.  
         Summary—Accessories and Toolholders  
         [0058]    A. Sprocket drive members and/or adaptors may include a snap-spring, which is a one-piece, tool-retaining member that also functions with conventional sockets and tools.  
           [0059]    B. Quick-change drill chucks and collets that also provide clearance for tools to extend out the back of tool holders to permit length adjustment and better access in confined spaces.  
           [0060]    C. Shorty sockets and male hexes that incorporate a male square drive into a drive body as well as a short body length for increased access.  
           [0061]    D. A square bolt for connecting sprockets, and therefore tools, in conjunction with the lug interlock system.  
           [0062]    E. Various square drive adaptors to accommodate larger and smaller square drive tools as well as both male and female hex adaptors for screwdriver and electric drill use.  
           [0063]    Various other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be made apparent from the following description taken together with the drawings. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0064]    The drawings illustrate the best mode presently contemplated of carrying out the invention.  
         [0065]    In the drawings:  
         [0066]    [0066]FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a straight, chain drive master tool;  
         [0067]    [0067]FIG. 1A is an exploded view of the straight master tool shown in FIG. 1;  
         [0068]    [0068]FIG. 1B is a top view of a powered master tool;  
         [0069]    [0069]FIG. 1C is a bottom view of the powered master tool;  
         [0070]    [0070]FIG. 1D is a side view of the powered master tool;  
         [0071]    [0071]FIG. 1E is a top view of the master tool with a hydraulic drive assist mechanism;  
         [0072]    [0072]FIG. 1F is a side view of the master tool with the hydraulic drive mechanism;  
         [0073]    [0073]FIG. 1G is a sectional view taken on line  1 - 1  of FIG. 1A;  
         [0074]    [0074]FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a permanently angled master tool;  
         [0075]    [0075]FIG. 2A is a top view of the permanently angled master tool;  
         [0076]    [0076]FIG. 2B is a sectional view of a housing attachment system taken on line  1 - 1  of FIG. 2A showing male boss permanently flared into female hole;  
         [0077]    [0077]FIG. 2C is a sectional view of the housing attachment system taken on line  1 - 1  of FIG. 2A prior to flaring (swaging) of male boss;  
         [0078]    [0078]FIG. 2D is a sectional view taken on line  2 - 2  of FIG. 2A;  
         [0079]    [0079]FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a straight slave tool;  
         [0080]    [0080]FIG. 3A is a top view of the straight slave tool;  
         [0081]    [0081]FIG. 3B is an enlarged detail view of a lug interlock structure shown in FIG. 3A;  
         [0082]    [0082]FIG. 3C is a sectional view taken on line  1 - 1  of FIG. 3A;  
         [0083]    [0083]FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a tapered slave tool;  
         [0084]    [0084]FIG. 4A is a top view of the tapered slave tool;  
         [0085]    [0085]FIG. 4B is a side view of a drive adaptor and snap spring;  
         [0086]    [0086]FIG. 4C is an end view of a drive adaptor and snap spring;  
         [0087]    [0087]FIG. 4D is a sectional view taken on line  1 - 1  of FIG. 4A;  
         [0088]    [0088]FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a compound angle master tool;  
         [0089]    [0089]FIG. 5A is a sectional view taken on line  5 A- 5 A of FIG. 5;  
         [0090]    [0090]FIG. 5B is an enlarged detail view taken on FIG. 5A;  
         [0091]    [0091]FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a right angle master tool;  
         [0092]    [0092]FIG. 6A is a sectional view taken on line  6 A- 6 A of FIG. 6;  
         [0093]    [0093]FIG. 6B is an enlarged detail view taken on FIG. 6A;  
         [0094]    [0094]FIG. 7 is a top view of FIG. 6 showing in phantom lines different angle configurations;  
         [0095]    [0095]FIG. 8 is a top view of the master tool with an injection molded design;  
         [0096]    [0096]FIG. 8A is a sectional view taken on line  1 - 1  of FIG. 8 showing an assembled tool;  
         [0097]    [0097]FIG. 8B is an exploded view of the section in FIG. 8A prior to assembly;  
         [0098]    [0098]FIG. 9A is a top view of a switch button;  
         [0099]    [0099]FIG. 9B is a side view of a switch button;  
         [0100]    [0100]FIG. 9C is a bottom view of the switch button;  
         [0101]    [0101]FIG. 10A is a top view of a switch plate;  
         [0102]    [0102]FIG. 10B is a side view of the switch plate;  
         [0103]    [0103]FIG. 10C is an enlarged detail view taken from FIG. 10A;  
         [0104]    [0104]FIG. 11A is a fragmentary view showing a selector switch in a neutral position;  
         [0105]    [0105]FIG. 11B is a fragmentary top view showing the selector switch in a forward position;  
         [0106]    [0106]FIG. 11 C is a sectional view taken on line  1 - 1  of FIG. 11A;  
         [0107]    [0107]FIG. 11D is a sectional view taken on line  2 - 2  of FIG. 11B;  
         [0108]    [0108]FIG. 12 is an exploded view of a lug interlock system;  
         [0109]    [0109]FIG. 12A is a perspective view of a square bolt and nut forming the attachment system;  
         [0110]    [0110]FIG. 13 is an exploded view of a triple tool;  
         [0111]    [0111]FIG. 13A is a end view taken on line  1 - 1  of FIG. 13;  
         [0112]    [0112]FIG. 14 is an exploded, sectional view of the triple tool;  
         [0113]    [0113]FIG. 15 is an elevational view of a milling machine application utilizing the present invention;  
         [0114]    [0114]FIG. 16 is a top view of a quill bracket used in FIG. 15;  
         [0115]    [0115]FIG. 17 is an elevational view of a milling machine application utilizing the right angle master tool;  
         [0116]    [0116]FIG. 18 is an exploded view of a quick change collet and drill chuck;  
         [0117]    [0117]FIG. 19 is a stored view of a combination tool;  
         [0118]    [0118]FIG. 19A is an assembled view of the combination tool;  
         [0119]    [0119]FIG. 19B is a end view taken on line  1 - 1  of FIG. 19;  
         [0120]    [0120]FIG. 20 is a side view of a shorty socket;  
         [0121]    [0121]FIG. 20A is a partial side view showing the shorty socket inserted in the master tool;  
         [0122]    [0122]FIG. 21 is a top view of a combined lug-free master and slave tool showing push-pull motion in phantom lines;  
         [0123]    [0123]FIG. 22 is a view like  21  showing a ratcheting motion in phantom lines;  
         [0124]    [0124]FIG. 23 is a view like FIG. 22 showing lugs connected;  
         [0125]    [0125]FIG. 24 is a top view of a combined master and slave tool with lugs connected in a driven mode;  
         [0126]    [0126]FIG. 25 is a perspective view of a master tool formed with an attachment hole;  
         [0127]    [0127]FIG. 26 is an elevational view of an L-shaped rod;  
         [0128]    [0128]FIG. 26A is a top view of a master tool using the L-shaped rod in a push-pull fashion;  
         [0129]    [0129]FIG. 27 is a top view of a hand wheel usable with the master tool;  
         [0130]    [0130]FIG. 27A is a view of the hand wheel installed in the master tool;  
         [0131]    [0131]FIG. 27B is a sectional view taken on line  1 - 1  of FIG. 27.  
         [0132]    [0132]FIG. 28 is a side view of an impact tool attached to a master tool with a sliding extension installed therein;  
         [0133]    [0133]FIG. 28A is a top view of the master tool provided with a light source and a light switch; and  
         [0134]    [0134]FIG. 28B is a sectional view taken on line  1 - 1  of FIG. 28A. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0135]    A preferred embodiment of a chain drive tool  20  of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 1 and 1A. The tool  20  provides an outer housing comprised of a top  30  and a bottom  32  housing to enclose or contain the preferred flexible drive mechanism that includes an endless element which preferably is a roller chain  34  encircling two rotatable elements in the form of sprockets  36 . Sprockets  36  are rotatably drivable one by the other via chain  34  and can receive and transmit rotational forces via preferred internal square drive receptacles or other configurations located axially therein or any other desired connectors (not shown).  
         [0136]    The housing top and bottom  30 ,  32  and other components are preferably cast such as by die casting, or molded from precision dies to control working distance between sprocket bearing holes  44  for mounting the sprockets  36  for rotation in the housing at an input end  31  and an output end  33 . Close tolerance chain tracks  56  or other suitable channels provide guidance for the roller chain. The sprocket bearing holes  44 , chain tracks  56  and a sprocket clearance area  54  are typical features that can be cast, molded or otherwise formed in both the top  30  and bottom  32  of the housing.  
         [0137]    Roller chain  34  is preferably pre-stretched to control working length and simulate future wear, thereby eliminating the chain tensioning apparatus required in prior art constructions.  
         [0138]    Other types of flexible drive mechanisms may also be utilized such as, but not limited to, silent chains, composite or other flexible positive (toothed or internal spaced) or friction drives.  
         [0139]    As shown in FIGS. 1A, 3A,  12 , and  13 , the housing also includes an external lug interlock system  48  including cooperably engageable elements that enable the housing to be fixedly or non-rotatably connected together with another of the tools, an extender, or another object at one or more different angles, while still allowing the rotational operation of internal chain  34  and sprockets  36  for transmitting rotational forces between the tool  20  and another tool or object.  
         [0140]    The tool  20 , as shown in FIG. 1A, also preferably includes a ratcheting element including a switch plate  40  and a selector element or switch button  38  selectably movable between at least two ratcheting positions (forward and reverse) to allow ratcheting operation like a standard ratchet wrench.  
         [0141]    Referring also to FIGS. 9A through 11D, the switch button  38  has a resiliently biasable or flexible eccentric tab  92  that extends into a central hole  106  of the switch plate  40 . Flexible eccentric tab  92  may be rectangular in shape and clearance is provided inside switch button  38  so that the tab  92  may flex toward the center of the button as needed. A central hole  106  of the switch plate  40  has small notches  108  to receive and hold flex tab  92  in the forward, reverse and a neutral position as desired.  
         [0142]    Central hole  106  may also be oval or otherwise shaped to retain and function with flexible tab  92  of switch button  38 .  
         [0143]    In FIGS. 11A, 11B,  11 C and  11 D, the top housing  30  has been removed for viewing clarity and switch button  38  superimposed. The chain tracks  56  are also shown empty of roller chain  34  for clarity. As shown in FIG. 11B, when positioned in the first or forward position in a switch plate clearance cavity or area  52  for receiving the switch plate  40 , the switch button  38  and the switch plate  40  cooperate to allow movement of the chain  34  and the sprockets  36  in a first rotational or forward direction (toward the right side of the drawing) while preventing movement in the opposite or reverse direction. The selector switch mechanism (comprised of switch button  38  and switch plate  40 ) is shown in the neutral position in FIG. 11A not engaged with the chain  34  to allow the tool  20  to be freely driven in either direction, for instance, using other hand or power tools. The switch plate  40  is movable to a reverse position (not shown) below the neutral position and is operable in cooperation with the switch button  38  to allow movement of the chain  34  and the sprockets  36  in the second rotational or reverse direction (toward the left side of the drawing) while preventing movement in the opposite or forward direction.  
         [0144]    Referring also to FIG. 1A, switch button  38  is retained for rotation in a switch button hole  42  located near an operator end  31  of top housing  30  which is that end of the tool  20  intended to be grasped and held by a user, the selector switch mechanism  38 , 40  being located at this position for convenience. A raised bar  43  on the switch button  38  extends through hole  42  in top housing  30  allowing finger operation.  
         [0145]    Switch button  38  may also be designed to extend through both housings  30 ,  32  for operation on either side of tool  20 . (not shown)  
         [0146]    Advantages of the construction shown include the simplicity and low cost thereof. The switch plate  40  can be formed from a suitable material, such as but not limited to, a steel, and can be suitably hardened, such as by heating and quenching, or, for some applications, can be die cast, molded, stamped or otherwise inexpensively manufactured, and includes teeth  41  receivable in the spaces between the rollers  35  of a conventional roller drive chain  34 . The teeth  41  each have a front side having an abrupt or concave shape which holds or retains the rollers  35  when urged thereagainst thereby preventing movement of the chain  34  in that direction. Each tooth  41  has an opposite back side having a ramp or tapered shape which allows a force exerted thereagainst by the rollers  35  to be transferred to the flexible tab  92  of the switch button  38  to cause it to resiliently yield and allow the switch plate  40  to move toward the center of the housing sufficiently to allow the rollers  35  to roll over the teeth  41  and advance in the direction of the applied force.  
         [0147]    The switch plate cavity  52  is sized and shaped to allow smooth movement of the switch plate  40  by the selector button  38  between the first position and the second position through the neutral position, and when the switch plate  40  is in either of the first and second positions, the force loading against the front sides of the teeth  41  of the switch plate  40  from the chain  34  is transferred to the housing at the ends of the switch plate cavity  52  as illustrated at locations  91  and  93  of switch plate cavity  52  in FIG. 11B, and not against the flexible tab  92  of the switch button  38 . Tab pressure can also retain switch mechanism at neutral as desired.  
         [0148]    The housings  30 ,  32  also provide preferred alignment and attachment features, as shown in FIG. 1A, 2A,  2 B,  2 C for holding the top and bottom halves together. These features include male bosses  50  as part of lower housing  32  and mating female tapered holes  46  in top housing  30 . The top and bottom housings  30 ,  32  (with internal parts installed) are matingly assembled (FIG. 2C) and the male bosses  50  internally swaged (flared) outward into the tapered female holes  46  of top housing,  30 , as shown in FIG. 2B.  
         [0149]    This design provides a rugged, simple, self-aligning assembly method while at the same time providing multiple-use attachment holes  66  through housings  30 ,  32 .  
         [0150]    Injection molded embodiments may also be designed with snap-together features as shown in FIGS. 8, 8A and  8 B.  
         [0151]    The present tool can alternatively have a curved or bent shape such as, but not limited to, the generally L shape shown in FIGS. 2 and 2A, and can contain chain track areas  64  that are cast in an arc through the bend regions of the housing and extend convergingly toward the middle or centerline of the tool to support the drive chain (not shown) at this critical stress point, as shown in FIG. 2D.  
         [0152]    As another alternative embodiment, the housing of the present tool  20  can have a tapered shape, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 4A, which is a low-profile taper towards the output or working end,  33  illustrated here with a solid drive sprocket  86  having a male square drive  88  and an internal hex  84  on opposite sides thereof, for increased access and function.  
       Description—Lug Interlock  
       [0153]    An external lug interlock system is provided as part of top or bottom (or both) housing as shown in FIG. 3A. The lug interlock  48  is designed so that each raised lug  70  is slightly smaller than a corresponding gap  72  between the lugs.  
         [0154]    This enables lug patterns from different tools to be fit together and locked at a desired angle by a square bolt  110  and a nut  112  as shown in FIGS. 12 and 12A.  
         [0155]    Note that faces of sprockets  74  are raised above adjacent housing surfaces  76  on both sides of the tool. FIG. 3C.  
         [0156]    This allows square bolt  110  and nut  112  FIGS. 12 and 12A to hold sprocket faces tightly together without binding internal drive. This novel design allows free movement of internal drive assemblies while outer housings of different tools are effectively locked together.  
         [0157]    Tools may be interlocked every 30 degrees (with 12 lug pattern shown) for a full 360 degree rotation as shown in FIG. 12A.  
         [0158]    Combined tools may be repositioned slightly (skewed) to accommodate angles required in-between standard interlock positions.  
         [0159]    The number (and size) of lugs  70 , FIG. 3B, may be increased or decreased as desired to provide more or less adjustability.  
         [0160]    Note that square bolt body length  111 , FIG. 12A, is slightly shorter than the overall length of the two combined sprockets to allow tightening action of nut  112 .  
         [0161]    Interlocking designs other than the trapezoidal shaped type shown may be used for combining tools at adjustable angles, however, the preferred invention offers the greatest strength while still providing the ability to combine any two tools together as it contains both the male and mating female configuration in the same design.  
       Description—Attachment Systems  
       [0162]    The following attachment systems provide a means of attaching two or more tools together through their rotating members by providing a torque-transmitting shape for connection and a secondary retaining screw or nut for securing in the lengthwise direction.  
         [0163]    The system may be as shown in FIG. 12A as a square bolt  110  and nut  112  (for tools with through holes).  
         [0164]    In a secondary design, the final drive element, shown in FIG. 14 as male drive gear  116 , can mate directly with the internal square drive  68  of a CDT and use a retaining screw  58  in threaded hole  102  for attachment.  
         [0165]    In a third design, an “internal bolt” system provides a square body member  208  with a through hole to permit insertion of a retaining screw  58  for attachment to the bottom threaded hole  102  of a “blind” internal square drive  68  in female drive gear  117  that does not extend through the tool.  
         [0166]    Threads have been chosen as the lengthwise retention method due to the fact that they may be loosened slightly for angle adjustment without the two tools coming “completely apart”.  
         [0167]    These novel attachment systems allow the operator to adjust quickly for any angle desired and provides rotation and torque-transmission through the connecting joint of two or more combined tools.  
         [0168]    Rotation of connected tools does not loosen bolt or nut because connected members are effectively locked together internally by the square portion of the attachment system and will rotate together as one unit.  
         [0169]    Any torque-transferring shape may be used for this purpose other than the square shape illustrated.  
       Description—Angle Tools  
       [0170]    Still other embodiments of the present tool are shown in FIGS. 5, 5A,  6  and  6 A. These embodiments contain gear drive mechanisms  95  as part of an output sprocket  94  and final drive gear  96 . Voids  98  cast within the tool housings  30 ,  32  to accommodate these items are formed by angled slides incorporated into the die design, a well known technique to someone skilled in the art of die casting or molding.  
         [0171]    The housings for the angle tools support the final drive  96  to provide non-binding angular operation.  
         [0172]    Also, the housing and the final drive can be configured to provide the final drive output at different angles to the tool body as shown in FIG. 7.  
         [0173]    As an optional feature, a lug interlock end plate  100  can be integrally formed, press fit or otherwise mounted on or to housing  32 , as illustrated in FIG. 6A, 13A to provide strong, permanent means for non-rotating attachment of the housing  32 , FIG. 6A; ( 114 , FIG. 13,13A) to the housing or body of another tool, an extension or other object for transferring rotational forces therebetween.  
         [0174]    As also illustrated in FIG. 13A, the anti-rotation lugs  118  in the housing are provided with corresponding voids  120  in end plates  100  to prevent movement of the end plate  100  when the tool  20  is used as a connector for other tools. A retaining screw  58  is used for attachment to the final drive gear  96 , FIG. 6A, to allow function of the lug interlock as while allowing rotation of the internal chain  34  and sprockets  36 . Threaded hole  102  in final drive gear  96  provides an attachment point for a screw with an external hex for driving with an electric drill or screwdriver. A drill chuck may also be attached in this manner or a drive coupling with an internal square configuration may be used. A square final drive is illustrated as it accepts conventional sockets, etc. in the well-known manner.  
         [0175]    A female drive gear  117 , FIG. 14, may also be utilitized that provides an attachment point at bottom of internal square drive  68  via a threaded hole  102  at bottom of gear (or sprocket) and uses the “internal bolt” attachment system  58 ,  208 .  
       Description—Chain Drive Power Tools  
       [0176]    The present housings  30 ,  32  can be easily designed to incorporate electric ( 20   f , FIG. 1D), pneumatic or fluid drive mechanisms making them into chain drive power tools.  
         [0177]    The manual operation modes (self-ratcheting and driven by another tool) can still be maintained for added versatility.  
         [0178]    Another preferred embodiment is shown in FIGS. 1B, 1C and  1 D with the bottom housing  32  elongated on the operator end  31  to provide space for a rotational power source  62  and a power switch  60  for energizing the power source  62 . Housings  30 ,  32  can be connected together by male bosses  50  and tapered holes  46 , as shown in FIG. 1A, 2B,  2 C, or by snap fit as shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B. Retaining screws  58  can also be used for attaching housings to provide for power source maintenance and service, FIG. 1B.  
         [0179]    The strength (and weight) of the power source  62  can be minimized by using the forward and reverse positions of the selector switch mechanism  38 ,  40  to “final tighten” and break loose items manually in lieu of using the power source  62  for these functions. A secondary drive tool may also be used for this purpose as both sprockets  36  still retain their internal square drive  68  feature.  
       Description—Mechanical Advantage Tools  
       [0180]    In the same manner as the power tools, the housings  30 ,  32  can enclose a mechanical advantage electrical, fluid such as hydraulic or pneumatic, or physical drive assist mechanism. FIG. 1E and 1F.  
         [0181]    The hydraulic design illustrated facilitates breaking loose or tightening objects by means of applying a mechanical advantage to the hydraulic sprocket  182  (preferred) or chain.  
         [0182]    Operation of a lever  186  moves piston  190  applying hydraulic pressure through passageways  192  to provide additional torque to hydraulic sprocket  182 . FIG. 1G.  
         [0183]    Hydraulic switch  188  can be rotated to change direction of applied force to either side of hydraulic sprocket  182  or placed in the neutral position for manual operation of tool  20   g.    
         [0184]    Hydraulic sprocket  182 , piston  190 , gage  184  and hydraulic switch  188  contain seals  194  to contain hydraulic fluid.  
         [0185]    Passageways  192  contain one-way valves  196  well known to someone skilled in the art of fluid power mechanisms.  
         [0186]    A gage  184  may be incorporated to measure applied force (by converting pounds per square inch to foot-pounds) for securing bolts to a specific torque setting.  
         [0187]    Housing  30 ,  32  can be connected together by male bosses  50  and tapered holes  46 , FIG. 1A, 2B,  2 C, or by snap fit as shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B. Retaining Other designs including, but not limited to, gears, tapers, and threads may be used to transmit mechanical force to the internal drive system at the operator end  31  for novel use at the working or output end  33 .  
       Description—Secondary Tools  
       [0188]    A separate right-angle or compound angle, called a triple tool  113 , is a secondary tool designed to be used separately or in conjunction with the tool system. This novel tool is comprised of a one-piece outer housing, two drive gears and two end plates, as shown in FIGS. 13, 14. Second end plate is not shown on FIG. 14, but is typical on each end of tool.  
         [0189]    The outer housing  114  is molded or cast as one piece with internal voids  98  formed by angled slides incorporated into the die design as well known to someone skilled in the art of die casting or injection molding.  
         [0190]    Drive gears  116  can be cast with gears at one end and an external square drive at the other and further include an internal hex (not shown) or threaded hole  102  for securing tools and using the lug interlock system  48 .  
         [0191]    Female drive gears  117  can also offer an internal square drive  68  with threaded hole  102  to retain the “internal bolt” attachment system ( 208 ,  58  FIG. 14) as needed.  
         [0192]    End plates  100  contain a hole for retaining and supporting the drive gears and are sized to be press-fit into internal voids  98  in outer housing  114 . Outer housing and end plates contain matching anti-rotation lugs  118  and voids  120  to support angle-adjustment of lug interlock system  48 .  
         [0193]    End plates  100  provide the raised lug interlocks  48  required for attachment to other tools as shown in FIG. 13, 13A and  14 .  
         [0194]    The triple tool  113  may also be manufactured at angles other than the right angle version shown, and with or without lug interlock system  48 .  
         [0195]    As shown in FIGS. 19, 19A and  19 B, another separate secondary tool, which is a combination tool  21 , can also be used separately or with the Chain Drive Tool System. This novel tool is comprised of a formed tube  160 , a cross member  164  and a drive adaptor  90  accessory.  
         [0196]    Formed tube  160  is one piece, injection-molded or cast, and provides an internal spark plug hex  166  at the operator end  31  and an internal square drive holder for use of the drive adaptor  90  on the working end  33 .  
         [0197]    Drive adaptor  90  can also be manufactured as part of formed tube  160  as desired.  
         [0198]    The formed tube  160  also provides cross-holes  167 , which can be square or round, for insertion of the cross member  164  therethrough.  
         [0199]    The cross member  164  can be round or square (preferred) and has one end  165  flattened to be used as a flange for tapping with a hammer for loosening/tightening purposes.  
         [0200]    Rubber or polymeric O-rings  162  provide a means of securing or adjusting the cross member  164  when in use. The drive adaptor  90  contains “Snap-Spring”  80  retention system and also provides an internal hex  84  for use with conventional screwdriver tips.  
         [0201]    Another secondary tool, the hand-wheel,  200  is a one-piece molding or die casting that provides a low profile outer diameter for hand operation. FIG. 27.  
         [0202]    The male square drive  88  provides a means of driving CDTs or conventional sockets and extensions with the matching internal square feature.  
         [0203]    An internal square (not shown) may also be used to further utilize multifunction adaptors.  
         [0204]    The incorporated internal hex  84  allows the hand-wheel to be used separately with hex screwdriver bits as a short screwdriver.  
         [0205]    Additionally, the internal hex  84  may be used as a drive adaptor to allow driving by conventional hand and power tools with standard hex bits.  
         [0206]    The circular indent  202  provided in the face of the hand-wheel  200  allows user to insert tip of thumb or finger for rotational operation of a Chain Drive Tool (CDT) sprocket.  
         [0207]    A “flip-out” or insertable handle (not shown) may also be added to increase the handwheel leverage and speed.  
       Description—Accessories  
       [0208]    Accessories can include adaptors to accommodate larger and smaller square drive tools, male and female hex adaptors for screwdriver and electric drill operation, quick-change drill chucks  134  and collets  156  FIG. 18, and extremely short sockets  168  and male hex (allen) drives (that incorporate a integral male square drive for insertion into a CDT), as shown in FIGS. 20 and 20A.  
         [0209]    Economical square extensions of various lengths (not shown) can be utilized with any CDT equipped with through holes in sprockets. This allows tools to be moved up or down extension to the best operating location for novel operation and can be also be combined with existing extensions, sockets and flex joint drive couplings. As shown in FIG. 28, a square extension  207  may be directly inserted into any mating female square drive. In addition, any tools with through square holes in sprockets  36 , FIG. 28B, allow the extension to be slid through the tool to the best operating position as illustrated by phantom lines  172 , FIG. 28.  
         [0210]    A tool-retaining system comprised of an internal or external snap-spring  80  or  81  and a mating groove  82  as shown in FIGS. 4A, 4B and  4 C.  
         [0211]    The snap-spring is manufactured from suitably high-tension material and may be formed as a circular coiled spring  81 , or a C-shaped Snap-Spring  80 .  
         [0212]    Spring tension, due to a slight interference fit with object tool or internal square of a CDT sprocket, provides holding function and operation can be accomplished with moderate hand force.  
         [0213]    This system provides an economical method for tool/adaptor retention as well as functioning with conventional sockets and extensions.  
         [0214]    Adaptors, drive gears, sprockets etc. can also be magnetized for tool holding as needed.  
       Common Enhancements  
       [0215]    The following features listed are further common enhancements intended to increase the functionality of the previously described tools:  
         [0216]    1. The base material of components may be alloyed or combined with other elements to assist friction reduction and reduce wear.  
         [0217]    2. Tools can be chromed, anodized or otherwise chemically treated or coated to reduce friction and wear.  
         [0218]    3. Where space permits inside housings, an illuminating light source can be contained to increase convenience. As shown in FIGS. 28A and 28B, the design of the tool housings allows incorporation of a light switch  206  and light source  205  near the output end  33 .  
         [0219]    4. Tools may have external (male) or internal (female) drive configurations as desired by customer.  
         [0220]    5. Square bolt and nut attachment system can be designed as shown in FIG. 12 or with a secondary internal bolt design (FIG. 14) or with just a retaining bolt and integral male square drive (FIG. 13) to function with either male or female drive configurations, allowing lug interlock angle-adjustment system to operate.  
         [0221]    6. Housings and drive elements of basic CDT, can be designed to attach directly to existing power tools by conventional means in a manner similar to the machining applications thereby extending their reach and utility. As shown in FIGS. 28, 28A and  28 B, the housings of these tools may be designed to attach directly to existing tools such as, but not limited to, the impact tool  210  illustrated.  
         [0222]    A slip fit connection  204  ( 28 A and  28 B) allows the existing tool to be directly inserted and held in place by tightening a retaining screw  58 . The male square drive of impact tool  210  mates with the female internal square of the sprocket  36  in the chain drive tool to provide transmission of rotary motion.  
         [0223]    Other shapes and types of connection and retention systems may be utilized to take advantage of the economical method of force transmission and output relocation provided by the tools herein claimed.  
         [0224]    7. All items intended to be grasped by hand may offer a non-slip surface by texturing or otherwise offering a raised or contoured surface as part of the mold or die design.  
       Description—Systems  
       [0225]    The preferred entry-level or starter Chain Drive Tool System would preferably contain the following:  
         [0226]    A. Straight power or mechanical advantage tool  20   f ,  20   g  with selector switch, FIGS. 1B, 1C,  1 D,  1 E and  1 F.  
         [0227]    B. Compound angle tool  20   d  with selector switch, FIG. 5.  
         [0228]    C. Straight slave tool  20   b , FIG. 3, for forming angles and joining multiple tools together using the lug interlock system  48 .  
         [0229]    D. Tapered tool  20   c , FIG. 4, for increased access.  
         [0230]    E. Square bolts  110  (FIG. 12B) and various adaptors (FIGS. 4B and C) to connect and operate.  
         [0231]    F. Hand-wheel  200 , FIG. 27, 27A and  27 B.  
         [0232]    A more complete Chain Drive Tool System would also include right angle tool  20   e  (FIG. 6) and separate angle drives (triple-tools  113 , FIG. 13) along with quick-change drill chuck  134  or collets  156  (FIG. 18). Also included would be additional drive and accessory adaptors, shorty sockets  168 , FIG. 20 and male hex drives (not shown) and the combination tool  21  (FIGS. 19 and 19A).  
         [0233]    Note also that standard ratchets, drives, extensions, hex-bit drills, screwdriver tips, etc. can be used as needed with this novel tool system.  
       Description—Additional Embodiments  
       [0234]    Machining adaptations can include bearings in housings  30 ,  32  or sprockets  36  and higher strength chain and housings. Housings  30 ,  32  may be held together by bolts and helicoil inserts (not shown, which provide hardened threads for repeated use).  
         [0235]    Internal sprocket configurations can provide a machine (Morse) taper for standard collets use. FIG. 15, 136.  
         [0236]    Attachment systems, as shown in FIGS. 15, 16 and  17 , could be provided for adaptation to various machine tools.  
       Description—Alternative Embodiments  
       [0237]    Power versions may also include piezoelectric or other ignited gas systems or compressed gas devices as a power source. (Similar to impulse nailers or air rifles.)  
         [0238]    Permanently angled tools  20   a , FIG. 2, can be cast at various angles and lengths as needed for special applications.  
         [0239]    The output end drive sprocket  104  of any tool version, FIG. 8, may be sized internally as desired.  
         [0240]    Smaller tools can be injected-molded, using lightweight material as shown in FIG. 8.  
         [0241]    Larger versions would contain correspondingly larger chain, sprockets and housings with bearings or PTFE bushings for interface with the mounting surfaces of the housing to reduce friction under load.  
         [0242]    Tools can also be designed to produce combinations of any of tools shown in FIG. 1 through FIG. 7. Customers may prefer a permanently angled tool  20   a  with a tapered end or a permanently angled tool  20   a  with a compound or right angle end. Tools may also be designed with compound or right angles on each end due to the fact that each rotating member contains its own square drive.  
         [0243]    The triple tool  113  may also be manufactured at angles other than the right angle version shown and with or without lug interlock system  48 . This tool may also incorporate drive gears with internal squares at one or both ends.  
         [0244]    Right and compound angle tools  20   d ,  20   e  may also incorporate this internal square drive  68  feature in the final drive gears  96  in place of the male square drive  88  shown in FIG. 5A and 6A. A threaded hole  102  at bottom of internal square drive  68  provides an attachment point for a two-part “internal bolt” system  208 ,  58  allowing connection to other tools equipped with the lug interlock system  48  as shown in FIG. 14.  
         [0245]    Tools may also be assembled using conventional screws, rivets, press-fits, etc. in place of preferred system shown.  
         [0246]    The outer housings  30 ,  32  can be modified to include a light-emitting source  205  near the output end  33  to increase visibility or to include recesses for holding tool adaptors or screwdriver bits, FIG. 28A and 28B.  
         [0247]    Housing,  30 , FIG. 28 can also be modified to fit directly onto existing hand and power tools allowing additional versatility and reach for these tools.  
         [0248]    The enclosed drive mechanism provided by CDT&#39;s further provides a safe means of rotary power transmission. Tools may be connected to any existing power source through one sprocket, with the second sprocket providing a point to connect an object tool, pulley or another CDT for use.  
         [0249]    The square bolt  110 , used in the tool connecting system, can also be lengthened to provide a mounting point (not shown) for a pulley or other object tool. The adjustable angle feature provided by the lug interlock system makes it ideal for science projects, prototypes or as an adjustable tensioning device for other drive systems.  
         [0250]    An intent of the Chain Drive Tool System is to provide users with a tooling system far superior to any available prior art and be affordable for end users.  
       Operation—Driven Mode  
       [0251]    As seen in FIG. 1A, ends of sprockets  36  containing internal square drives  68  and extend through outer housings  30  and  32  to provide access to other hand or power tools. Teeth of both sprockets  36  are engaged in endless roller chain  34 . Rotation of one sprocket  36  turns the chain  34  which rotates the other sprocket  36  at the opposite end of the tool providing rotation to any object or tool attached to the driven sprocket.  
         [0252]    The roller chain  34  is kept tight around the sprockets  36  due to precision chain tracks  56  and precise distance between sprocket bearing holes  44 . The chain is pre-stretched for precise working length and durability.  
         [0253]    The tool may be driven by hand or power tools including: electric drills and screwdrivers, ratchets, air ratchets, impact wrenches, etc., as needed.  
       Operation—Independent  
       [0254]    This invention will also operate in a normal self-ratcheting manner using the selector switch feature. FIG. 22. Selector switch mechanism  38 ,  40  offers three operating positions: forward, (for tightening) reverse, (for loosening) and neutral (to allow driving by another tool).  
       Operation—Lug Interlock  
       [0255]    To adjust the angle, nut  112  (FIGS. 12, 12A) is loosened from square bolt  110  enough to disengage the lugs permitting tools to be adjusted to new angle and re-locked or joined together.  
         [0256]    Internal bolt system  208 ,  58  (for blind holes) operates in a similar manner only the retaining screw  58 , as shown in FIG. 14, becomes the adjustable member.  
         [0257]    A direct male/female square connection can also be utilized as shown in FIG. 13, also using a retaining screw  58  for lengthwise assembly and adjustment.  
         [0258]    Once joined, the two housings act as one unit, allowing self-ratcheting mode, driven mode or powered operation of entire combined unit.  
       Operation—Tools Combined by Lug Interlock  
       [0259]    Tools may also be driven at sprocket  171  in FIG. 24, (also FIGS. 21, 22 and  23 ) or be self-powered to drive second or multiple tools that are combined by the lug interlocks.  
         [0260]    Tools combined by lug interlock act as one unit, which can be adjusted for desired angle, allowing unit to self-ratchet as shown in FIG. 23.  
         [0261]    Tools combined with angled, compound angled or separate triple tools provide adjustable, compound angle access for all three modes of operation.  
       Operation—Angle Tools  
       [0262]    For right and compound angle tools, the bottom housing  32  has been designed to accommodate output sprockets  94  with gear drive mechanisms  95  and final drive gears  96  as shown in FIGS. 5A and 6A.  
         [0263]    Rotation of a drive tool to the input or output sprocket (both have internal square drives) rotates the final drive. Tools may also be self-powered or operated manually by use of the selector switch mechanism  38 ,  40 .  
         [0264]    Final drive contains a threaded hole  102  for attachment of other Chain Drive Tools using the lug interlock end plate  100  (press-fit into housing) and retaining screw  58  as shown in FIG. 6A.  
         [0265]    Final drives may also provide the alternate internal square drive configuration.  
         [0266]    Final drives also contain the snap-spring tool holding system  80  and may incorporate an internal screwdriver hex  84  FIG. 5B in place of the threaded hole  102 .  
       Selector Switch Operation  
       [0267]    The switch button  38  includes the flexible eccentric tab  92  or another resilient, biasable element that extends into the central hole  106  of the switch plate  40 , as shown in FIGS.  9 - 11 . The flexible tab  92  is preferably rectangular in shape, and clearance is provided inside the switch button  38  so that the tab  92  may be resiliently biased or flexed toward the center of the switch button  38  as needed. The raised bar  43  on the switch button  38  extends through a hole  42  in the top housing  30  allowing finger operation.  
         [0268]    The switch plate  40  is positioned by internal clearance slots  52  in the housings  30 ,  32  and contains teeth  41  which each include a front side having an abrupt or concave shape and a sloped back side.  
         [0269]    Central hole  106  of the switch plate  40  has small notches  108  to retain the flex tab  92  at the forward, neutral and reverse positions as desired as shown in FIG. 10A.  
         [0270]    With switch button  38  in its neutral position, as shown in FIG. 11A, flex tab  92  urges switch plate  40  firmly against one end of clearance slot  52  (Either location  91  or  93 , depending on whether flex tab  92  is as shown or at a position rotated 180 degrees from the position shown) such that the switch plate  40  does not engage the chain  34 , as shown in FIG. 11A. (Chain tracks  56  shown empty and switch button  38  superimposed for viewing clarity.) When the switch button  38  is rotated 90 degrees right or left, the flex tab  92  is forced out of the original notch  108  and shuttles the switch plate  40  into the corresponding chain track  56  such that the teeth  41  of the switch plate  40  are received in the spaces between the rollers  35  of the roller chain  34 . The flex tab  92  engages a corresponding notch  108  in the switch plate  40  and remains there as shown in FIG. 11B until another position or mode of operation is selected. (Chain tracks  56  shown empty and switch button  38  superimposed for viewing clarity.)  
         [0271]    With the switch plate  40  in this position, ratcheting operation is possible. To illustrate, when the chain  34  is urged in a direction to apply a force against the concave front side of the switch plate teeth  41 , the teeth  41  engage the chain  34  and the switch plate  40  transfers the force load directly to the housing at the ends of the clearance slot  52  generally at locations  91  and  93  by tilting slightly in the clearance slot  52 . This prevents further movement of the chain  34  in this direction relative to the housing but allows the chain  34 , the housing, and a socket or other object attached to a sprocket  36  of the tool, to be jointly rotated in the direction of the applied force.  
         [0272]    Conversely, when a force is applied (or outer housing is swung) in a direction to urge the chain  34  against the back sides of the teeth, a sufficient portion of the force is applied against the eccentric flex tab  92  to cause it to resiliently yield such that the switch plate  40  is moved or retracted toward the tool centerline and the rollers  35  of the chain  34  are allowed to pass over the teeth  41  of the switch plate  40  and the chain  34  to move relative to the housing in the direction of the applied force. With the switch plate  40  in the retracted position, the flexible tab  92  stores a portion of the applied energy while still urging the teeth  41  against the roller chain  34 . When the chain  34  has moved sufficiently to align new spaces between the rollers  35  with the teeth  41 , the teeth can be received in the spaces, or if the velocity of movement is sufficient, the rollers  35  can continue to pass over the teeth  41 .  
         [0273]    It is also contemplated that other structures can be used with or in place of the flexible tab  92  and switch plate  40  disclosed herein for allowing ratcheting operation of the present tool. For instance, another biasable member such as a spring could be used in cooperation with the tab  92  for urging the teeth  41  of the switch plate  40  against the chain  34 .  
         [0274]    Also, in place of the preferred mechanism shown, a two-part switch mechanism (not shown) can be made to interact with a sprocket  36  instead of the preferred chain.  
       Operation—Powered  
       [0275]    A pneumatic, electric  62 , fluid, compressed or ignited gas mechanism etc., is encased within a housing at the operator end of the tool as shown in FIG. 1D.  
         [0276]    Forward, neutral and reverse of motor are accomplished by a power switch  60  located on the bottom of the tool.  
         [0277]    Neutral position of the power switch allows the tool to still be operated in self-ratcheting and driven modes using manual selector switch mechanism  38 ,  40 . Both sprockets still include internal square drives  68  for manual operation.  
       Operation—Mechanical Advantage Tools  
       [0278]    The mechanism for providing the mechanical advantage is located on the operator end  31  for function as well as tool balance as shown in FIGS. 1E and 1F.  
         [0279]    As lever  186  is contracted by hand force against tool body, as shown by phantom lines  172  (and returned by spring pressure) the self-contained hydraulic mechanism exerts additional force to hydraulic sprocket  182 , internal drive and object tool.  
         [0280]    Hydraulic switch  188  also can be rotated to control direction of motion required to tighten or loosen objects and also provides a neutral position to allow other modes of tool operation.  
         [0281]    The function of the mechanism is similar to the operation of a common hydraulic “boffle” jack with the exception that the resulting drive force is rotationally applied to the internal drive system.  
       Operation—Lug-Free Side  
       [0282]    Tools may be connected on their lug-free sides for allowing the master tool  20  to self-ratchet among obstructions  170  as shown in phantom lines in FIG. 22 using the selector switch mechanism  38 ,  40 .  
         [0283]    The master tool may also be operated in a push-pull manner to generate rotation in the secondary tool using the ratcheting feature of the selector switch mechanism  38 ,  40  as shown in phantom lines  172  of FIG. 21.  
         [0284]    For close or tight areas, an L-shaped rod  178  may be used to operate the tool in the same push-pull manner using the attachment holes  66  for a connection point as shown in FIG. 26A.  
         [0285]    Attachment holes  66  also can be utilized to hold or initially place a tool in a confined space using a threaded rod  174  and a nut  176  as shown in FIG. 25.  
       Operation—Machine Tool Applications  
       [0286]    The outer housing of the tools can be connected to stationary elements of a machine tool  122  using brackets or adaptors as shown in FIGS. 15, 16 and  17 .  
         [0287]    Conventional bolts  130  and spot faces  144  secure quill bracket  124  as shown in FIG. 16.  
         [0288]    A drive tool is placed in spindle of machine tool (or as part of sprocket) to connect the drive spindle of the machine tool to the internal drive of the Chain Drive Tool as shown in FIGS. 15 and 17.  
         [0289]    The tool can be rotated or mounted in different directions by use of adjustment slots  142  as shown in FIG. 16.  
         [0290]    An object or tool is placed in a sprocket  36  at the far end  33  of the tool using a standard machine taper  136  inside the sprocket to provide the desired connection as shown in FIG. 15.  
         [0291]    The object or tool performs work by utilizing normal three (four or five) axis movement of the machine bed  140 .  
         [0292]    This tool would not need a selector switch as the machine tool motor and switch will control output rotation.  
       Operation—Snap-Spring Tool Holding Feature  
       [0293]    Drive accessories can provide the novel snap-spring one-piece tool retainer as shown in FIGS. 4A, 4B,  4 C and  4 D.  
         [0294]    A groove  82  with a round profile is manufactured into a drive accessory as shown in FIGS.  4 A, and  4 D. A circular, coiled snap-spring  81  can be expanded for assembly and is sized to slightly exceed size of square drive when placed in groove.  
         [0295]    A C-shaped high tension snap-spring  80  with a round or tapered profile may also be utilized.  
         [0296]    The internal diameter of the C-shaped spring  80  is slightly larger than the diameter of the groove  82  allowing the spring  80  to compress into the groove  82  when the accessory is pushed into a square drive hole. Gap in C shape also closes during compression.  
         [0297]    When the spring  80  reaches the internal retaining groove  78  as shown in FIG. 3C, the spring  80  expands to its original shape, retaining the tool. Note that conventional sockets and extensions also contain this groove feature.  
         [0298]    Sprockets  36  of Chain Drive Tools will also provide this internal retaining groove  82  for mating with conventional extensions as well as “snap-spring” system. FIG. 3C, item  78 .  
         [0299]    Spring strength and size allows installation and removal by moderate hand force.  
         [0300]    Square drive adaptor  90  contains two “snap-springs”  81 , one to retain drive into Chain Drive Tool, the other to retain an object tool such as a sprocket. FIGS. 4B and 4C.  
         [0301]    Shorty sockets  168  and male hex drives (not shown) may also provide this novel feature. FIG. 20.  
       Operation Triple Tool  
       [0302]    The triple-tool  113  FIG. 13 may be driven on one end by a standard ratchet (using a square coupler) or by another of the present tools to drive a socket at the other end.  
         [0303]    Triple tool  113  may alternately provide internal square drives  68 , FIG. 14.  
         [0304]    The triple-tool  113  can also be driven by power tools to final drive screwdriver bits, hex-drills, etc. using appropriate adaptors.  
         [0305]    The triple-tool  113  can also be used to connect other of the present tools at various angles (for instance for providing 360 degrees of rotation in two different planes) as shown in FIG. 13.  
       Operation—Combination Tool  
       [0306]    The formed tube  160  with drive adaptor  90  can be used by hand as a square or screwdriver. FIGS. 19 and 19A (Due to internal hex  84 ).  
         [0307]    The tube may also be reversed and the spark plug hex  166  in the handle used as an assembly tool.  
         [0308]    A ratchet can be used in the square drive end to operate.  
         [0309]    Cross-member  164  can be inserted into cross-holes  167  for T-handle operation or use of hammer flange  165  on cross member  164 . Optional O-rings  162  help maintain and control location of the cross member in the tube. The cross-member  164  also stores inside handle by hand press-fit of cross-member  164  into hex  166 .  
         [0310]    Square (preferred) profile of cross-member  164  allows it to be used separately to drive ⅜ or ¼ inch square conventional sockets.  
         [0311]    Cross-member  164  can also be inserted into cross holes in tube  160  and tube used as handle to exert additional force at socket.  
       Operation—Hand-Wheel  
       [0312]    The formed outside diameter allows operation by hand to rotate CDTs (and conventional extensions and sockets) using the incorporated male square drive  88  FIG. 27 and  27 B.  
         [0313]    The internal hex  84  functions as an adaptor to allow driving by other conventional tools equipped with a male hex driving tool.  
         [0314]    The internal hex  84  also allows direct use of hex screwdriver tips allowing use of the hand-wheel  200  as a short screwdriver.  
         [0315]    The circular indent  202  in the face of the hand-wheel  200  allows user to rotate tool faster (in a manner similar to that used when operating a fishing reel) by using the tip of a thumb or finger.  
       Operation—Quick Change Tools  
       [0316]    Drill chucks  134  and collets  156  contain a male square drive  88  and also a round diameter groove  152  at the rear of the tool to retain a spring clip  148  (FIG.  
         [0317]    The chuck or collets is retained in internal square drive  68  of sprocket  36  of a Chain Drive Tool by hand placement of spring clip  148  into the groove  152 .  
         [0318]    The spring clip  148  is held in place by spring tension and is kept from rotation by the presence of raised lug interlocks  48 .  
         [0319]    Object tools held by chuck  134  or collets  156  and are adjustable for working length due to clearance holes  150  provided. Collets  156  provide a set screw  158  or compression nut (not shown) to secure an object tool.  
         [0320]    A one-part retaining cap (not Shown) of injection molded flexible material can also be utilized in place of the spring clip  148  shown. This cap would have a clearance hole to allow adjustment of the object tool and would be retained in the same groove  152  as the spring clip  148  by an interference fit with the flexible material.  
         [0321]    For low-stress applications, the quick-change toolholders can also be retained by only the snap-spring retaining system.  
       Industrial Applicability  
       [0322]    Because of the wide variety of applications for this inventive system, it is likely to increase productivity significantly by providing faster machining, service and manufacturing operations.  
         [0323]    With this system, now more jobs can be accomplished in previously inaccessible areas in a shorter period of time due to the tool-combining lug interlock system, permanently angled tools, compound angle tools, the three position selector switch, secondary tools and the various adaptors and toolholders offered.  
         [0324]    Safety and ergonomics are enhanced by access features and the mechanical advantage tools offered by this unique system.  
         [0325]    These tools, when die-cast from the proper alloys or injection-molded composite materials, will result in tools with non-sparking, non-magnetic properties suitable for various, safety conscious applications such as explosive environments.  
         [0326]    The ability to bring power tool operation to confined areas will also result in products being designed with less wasted space and material usage resulting in further cost savings.  
         [0327]    Machinists can now complete operations in less time and in fewer setups using the machine tool applications resulting in cost savings.  
         [0328]    While a wide variety of tools and accessories will be offered, customers can buy the exact tools they need with accessories to match their current tooling.  
         [0329]    Housings, sprockets, gears, angle housings, lug inserts, square bolt, drives, switch button, switch plate, etc., can be economically mass produced by anyone skilled in the art of injection molding and die casting technology.  
         [0330]    This invention has wide utility for auto repair, millwrights, maintenance, manufacturing operations, etc., due to its increased access, speed and versatility over conventional systems.  
         [0331]    Like the prior art devices, due to the inherent ability of a chain drive tool to operate rotationally while not having to physically rotate or swing the present tools can be operated in a confined space.  
         [0332]    However, the present Chain Drive Tools System offers the additional and advantages as follows:  
         [0333]    A. Ability to transfer power around corners with the permanently angled versions unique stress-handling internal track design. FIG. 2A.  
         [0334]    B. Ability to transfer power around sharp corners (360 degree rotation from original tool as shown by arrows  180  on FIG. 12) and adjustable for the angle required using the lug interlock system.  
         [0335]    C. Ability to transfer power around sharp corners and form compound or right angles as needed using:  
         [0336]    1. The lug interlock system and the compound angle version.  
         [0337]    2. Lug interlock system and right angle version. FIG. 6A.  
         [0338]    3. The lug interlock and the secondary triple tool. FIG. 13.  
         [0339]    D. Compound and right angle version provide a novel enclosed, nonbinding, true angle drive which can also be driven at the output end and/or equipped with lug interlock and/or selector switch for added versatility. FIGS. 5A and 6A.  
         [0340]    E. Three position selector switch which can be conveniently located near operator end for improved ease of use over prior art. FIG. 1A.  
         [0341]    F. Ability to operate independently (like a common ratchet) using the selector switch in the forward and reverse positions. FIG. 11B.  
         [0342]    G. Ability to also operate in tandem with power tools, machines, hand tools etc. using the neutral position of selector switch. FIG. 11A.  
         [0343]    H. Ability to contain its own power source while still offering operating advantages F and G. FIGS. 1B, 1C, and  1 D.  
         [0344]    I. Housing can be provided with attachment holes to accommodate:  
         [0345]    1. Attachment to machine tools. FIGS. 15, 16 and  17 .  
         [0346]    2. Independent action using an L-shaped rod. FIG. 26A.  
         [0347]    3. Initial positioning and holding of tool in a confined space. FIG. 25.  
         [0348]    J. Housings contain their own alignment and assembly features combining lower cost with increased strength. FIG. 2A, FIGS. 8 and 8A.  
         [0349]    K. A low-profile tapered version provides increased access by its smaller housing and solid drive sprocket. FIGS. 4 and 4A.  
         [0350]    L. With two tools connected on the non-lug sides the tools may be operated in a push-pull fashion for novel operation. FIG. 21.  
         [0351]    M. Optional accessories such as drill chucks, collets, square extensions, drive adaptors etc. can be used for increased versatility, convenience and speed. FIGS. 4B, 18 and  28 .  
         [0352]    N. The output sprocket may be sized internally as requested for specific jobs such as an assembly line operation or manufactured with a standard internal taper. FIG. 8 ( 104 ) and FIG. 15 ( 136 ).  
         [0353]    O. Sprockets and adaptors feature a low-cost, reliable, snap-spring tool holding feature. FIGS. 4A, 4B,  4 C and  4 D.  
         [0354]    P. Low-profile “Shorty” sockets and hex drives are less than one-half the length of conventional drive members offering increased access. FIGS. 20 and 20A.  
         [0355]    Q. A multi-purpose combination tool for use as a square driver, screw driver, T-handle, spark plug remover or breaker bar. FIGS. 19 and 19A.  
         [0356]    R. Separate right angle (as shown in FIG. 13) and compound angle triple-tools that can be used independently, for machining or for connecting other Chain Drive Tools together with the lug interlock system.  
         [0357]    S. The mechanical advantage tools offer increased ergonomics and safety to operators by breaking loose/tightening objects without swinging tool. FIGS. 1E and 1F.  
         [0358]    T. Increased ergonomics and safety by the ability to bring the operation of tools out of confined spaces to where it can be accomplished away from obstructions.  
         [0359]    U. Chain is pre-stretched, eliminating tensioning items required in prior art.  
         [0360]    V. Tools can be economically mass-produced using conventional die-casting or injection-molded technology.  
         [0361]    Because of the vast number of sizes, power systems and possible configurations which can be provided by this novel tool system the scope of the invention should be determined not by the embodiments illustrated but by the appended claims and their legal equivalent.

Technology Classification (CPC): 1