Patent Abstract:
The present invention relates to a minimally invasive surgical instrument having a detachable end effector. Provided is a minimally invasive surgical instrument comprising a shaft, a joint section which is connected to one end of the shaft, and an end effector which is connected to the joint section and thus is capable of articulatory movement. Therein, the joint section comprises a detachable connection section which can receive rotational torque, and the end effector comprises an operational end-section connection unit which can be attached to the detachable connection section by being screwed in, or can be separated from the detachable connection section by being unscrewed.

Full Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to a minimally invasive surgical instrument having a detachable end effector. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    Minimally invasive surgery is a surgical approach that involves the use of instruments inserted through several tiny incision openings to perform a surgery causing minimal tissue trauma in human or animal bodies. 
         [0003]    The minimally invasive surgery relatively reduces changes in metabolism of a patient in the period of post-surgical care, so it facilitates rapid recovery of the patient. Therefore, the minimally invasive surgery shortens the length of hospitalization of the patient after the surgery and allows the patient to return to normal physical activities in a short period of time. In addition, the minimally invasive surgery causes less pain and leaves fewer scars on the patient&#39;s body after the surgery. 
         [0004]    One of the general forms of the minimally invasive surgery is endoscopy. Among the others, a laparoscopy that involves minimally invasive inspection and operation inside abdominal cavity is known as the most general form of endoscopy. To operate a standard laparoscopic surgery, the abdomen of the patient is insufflated with gas and at least one small incision is formed to provide an entrance for laparoscopic surgical instruments, through which a trocar is inserted. When performing the surgery, it is general that a user puts the laparoscopic surgical instruments into a surgical site or the like through the trocar, and manipulates (or controls) the instruments from the outside of abdominal cavity. In general, the laparoscopic surgical instruments include a laparoscope (for observation of a surgical site) and other working tools. Herein, the working tools are similar to the conventional tools used for small incision surgery, except that the end effector or working end of each tool is separated from its handle or the like by a shaft. For instance, the working tools may include a clamp, a grasper, scissors, a stapler, a needle holder, and so forth. Meanwhile, the user monitors the procedure of the surgery through a monitor that displays the images of the surgical site which are taken by the laparoscope. The endoscopic approaches similar to the above are broadly used in retroperitoneoscopy, pelviscopy, arthroscopy, cisternoscopy, sinuscopy, hysteroscopy, nephroscopy, cystoscopy, urethroscopy, pyeloscopy, and so on. 
         [0005]    The inventor(s) has developed various minimally invasive surgical instruments useful for the above-mentioned minimally invasive surgeries and has already disclosed the features of the structures and effects of the same in Korean Patent Application Nos. 2008-51248, 2008-61894, 2008-79126 and 2008-90560, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Additionally, the inventor(s) have also introduced a minimally invasive surgical instrument with improved functionality, which is more advantageous for users and patients, in Korean Patent Application Nos. 2010-115152, 2011-3192, 2011-26243 and 2011-29771, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
         [0006]    Herein, the inventor(s) now present a minimally invasive surgical instrument to and from which a user may easily attach and detach an end effector. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0007]    One object of the present invention is to provide a minimally invasive surgical instrument to and from which a user may easily attach and detach an end effector. 
         [0008]    Another object of the invention is to provide a minimally invasive surgical instrument which may be more economically used by increasing the utility and reusability of the parts except the end effector thereof. 
         [0009]    According to one aspect of the invention to achieve the objects as described above, there is provided a minimally invasive surgical instrument comprising a shaft; a joint unit being connected to one end of the shaft; and an end effector being connected to the joint unit and capable of carrying out joint motion thereby, wherein the joint unit comprises a detachable connecting unit being capable of receiving rotational torque, and wherein the end effector comprises a working end connecting unit being capable of being screwed into the detachable connecting unit to attach thereto or being screwed out of the detachable connecting unit to detach therefrom. 
         [0010]    In addition, there may be provided other configurations to implement this invention. 
         [0011]    According to the invention, there is provided a minimally invasive surgical instrument to and from which a user may easily attach and detach an end effector. 
         [0012]    According to the invention, there is provided a minimally invasive surgical instrument which may be more economically used by increasing the utility and reusability of the parts except the end effector thereof. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0013]      FIG. 1  shows the overall appearance of a minimally invasive surgical instrument according to one embodiment of the invention. 
           [0014]      FIG. 2  is a perspective view of some components such as an end effector  200  and a joint unit  300  of a minimally invasive surgical instrument according to one embodiment of the invention. 
           [0015]      FIG. 3  is an exploded perspective view of the components of the minimally invasive surgical instrument shown in  FIG. 2 . 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0016]    In the following detailed description of the invention, references are made to the accompanying drawings that show, by way of illustration, specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention. It is to be understood that the various embodiments of the invention, although different from each other, are not necessarily mutually exclusive. For example, specific shapes, structures, or characteristics described herein may be implemented as modified from one embodiment to another embodiment without departing from the spirit and the scope of the invention. Furthermore, it shall be understood that the locations or arrangements of individual elements within each embodiment may be also modified without departing from the spirit and the scope of the invention. Therefore, the following detailed description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the invention is to be taken as encompassing the scope of the appended claims and all equivalents thereof. In the drawings, like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements throughout the several views. 
         [0017]    Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings to enable those skilled in the art to easily implement the invention. 
         [0018]    Meanwhile, it should be understood that the term “connection” herein encompasses a direct connection or an indirect connection (i.e., via separate components) between mechanical or other types of components. 
         [0019]      FIG. 1  shows the overall appearance of a minimally invasive surgical instrument according to one embodiment of the invention. 
         [0020]    Reference will be made to  FIG. 1 . The minimally invasive surgical instrument may comprise a shaft  100 ; an end effector  200  being connected to one end of the shaft  100  to perform surgery by using surgical tools (not shown) or functioning itself as a surgical tool; a joint unit  300  to connect the shaft  100  and the end effector  200  and to provide the end effector  200  with joint functionality; and a handling unit  400  being connected to the other end of the shaft  100  and capable of being held and manipulated by a user. 
         [0021]    First, the shaft  100  may include a cavity therein to support and pass at least one wire or torque transmission member, in the same manner as those of the minimally invasive surgical instruments disclosed in the aforementioned Korean patent applications. (The torque transmission member is mainly intended for the rolling motion of the end effector  200 , while the shaft  100  may function itself as the torque transmission member in some cases.) The shaft  100  may comprise at least one segment as necessary. Further, the shaft  100  may comprise a bend in at least a part thereof. 
         [0022]    Next, the end effector  200  may carry out joint motion, rolling motion, opening/closing motion and the like by the action of the at least one wire or torque transmission member passing from the handling unit  400  to the joint unit  300  via the shaft  100 , in the same manner as those of the minimally invasive surgical instruments disclosed in the aforementioned Korean patent applications. The tip of the end effector  200  may be implemented in the form of a clamp, a grasper, a pair of scissors, a stapler, a needle holder, a hook-type electrode or the like. 
         [0023]    Next, the joint unit  300  may act together with the at least one wire or torque transmission member to allow the end effector  200  to carry out joint motion, rolling motion and the like, in the same manner as those of the minimally invasive surgical instruments disclosed in the aforementioned Korean patent applications. 
         [0024]    Finally, the handling unit  400  may control the joint motion, rolling motion, opening/closing motion and the like of the end effector  200  according to the user&#39;s manipulation, in the same manner as those of the minimally invasive surgical instruments disclosed in the aforementioned Korean patent applications. To allow for such control, the at least one wire or torque transmission member may be connected to the handling unit  400 . 
         [0025]      FIG. 2  is a perspective view of some components such as the end effector  200  and the joint unit  300  of the minimally invasive surgical instrument according to one embodiment of the invention. Further,  FIG. 3  is an exploded perspective view of the components of the minimally invasive surgical instrument shown in  FIG. 2 . 
         [0026]    Reference will be made to  FIG. 2 . As described above, the end effector  200  and the joint unit  300  may be connected to each other, and a torque transmission member  500  or an opening/closing wire  600  may be supported and passed through some part of the joint unit  300  (preferably the longitudinal central axis thereof) toward the end effector  200 . In connection with the configuration of the joint unit  300 , the torque transmission member  500  and the opening/closing wire  600 , further reference may be made to Korean Patent Application Nos. 2011-86738 and 2011-89854, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
         [0027]    Reference will be made to  FIG. 3 . 
         [0028]    First, the end effector  200  may essentially comprise a working end  210  (shown in  FIG. 2 ), a working end connecting unit  220  and an X-shaped link  230 . The configuration and operating principle of the end effector  200  may be similar to those of the end effectors disclosed in the aforementioned Korean patent applications. 
         [0029]    Further, the end effector  200  may further comprise an opening/closing wire fixing unit  240  and a fixing ring  250 . 
         [0030]    Since the opening/closing wire fixing unit  240  may be connected with the X-shaped link  230  and also with an opening/closing wire cap  320  to be described below, it may pull the X-shaped link  230  to close the working end  210  as the opening/closing wire  600  is pulled. In connection with this, it should be noted that those skilled in the art may also employ an alternative configuration in which the working end  210  is opened as the opening/closing wire  600  is pulled, or in which the working end  210  is closed or opened by means of a component that may apply a pushing force in place of the opening/closing wire  600 . 
         [0031]    The fixing ring  250  may be made of an elastic material or other materials, and used to wind the opening/closing wire fixing unit  240  and the opening/closing wire cap  320  together to connect and fix them to each other. 
         [0032]    The components of the end effector  200  will be further discussed when those of the joint unit  300  are described below. 
         [0033]    The configuration and operating principle of the joint unit  300  may be essentially similar to those of the joint units disclosed in Korean Patent Application Nos. 2011-86738 and 2011-89854. 
         [0034]    In addition to the above configuration, the joint unit  300  may be configured to further comprise a detachable connecting unit  310 , an opening/closing wire cap  320 , a rolling connecting unit  330 , a holder  332 , a fastener  334 , and a connecting unit  340 . 
         [0035]    The detachable connecting unit  310  may comprise a groove having a P-shape, r-shape or similar shape into which a protrusion of the working end connecting unit  220  may be screwed as necessary. Thus, at least a part of the working end connecting unit  220  may be fitted and fixed to the detachable connecting unit  310 . (That is, the end effector  200  may be fixed to the detachable connecting unit  310 .) In this case, the working end connecting unit  220  and the working end  210  attached thereto may operate together in a roll direction when the detachable connecting unit  310  operates in the roll direction. (That is, the roll direction operation of the end effector  200  may be caused.) To allow for such series of operations, the detachable connecting unit  310  may be fixed to the rolling connecting unit  330 , which may receive the rotational torque of the torque transmission member  500  as will be described below. Meanwhile, the working end connecting unit  220  may be screwed in the opposite direction and detached from the detachable connecting unit  310 , as necessary. (That is, the end effector  200  may be separated from the detachable connecting unit  310 .) 
         [0036]    The opening/closing wire cap  320  may be connected to the opening/closing wire fixing unit  240  while grasping the opening/closing wire  600 . To allow for such connection, the opening/closing wire fixing unit  240  and the opening/closing wire cap  320  may comprise some groove-protrusion structures that may be disposed facing each other. In order to fix the above connection, the fixing ring  250  may be used in the connecting region between the opening/closing wire fixing unit  240  and the opening/closing wire cap  320 . 
         [0037]    The rolling connecting unit  330  may comprise one end having the shape as shown, which may engage with one end of the working end connecting unit  220 , so that it may be connected to and fixed together with the working end connecting unit  220  in the detachable connecting unit  310 . (This fixation may be achieved by screwing in the working end connecting unit  220  as it is engaged with the rolling connecting unit  330 .) Further, the rolling connecting unit  330  may comprise the other end having such a shape that it may be fixed to the connecting unit  340  to be described below, with the holder  332  and the fastener  334  as shown being interposed therebetween. Further reference may be made to Korean Patent Application Nos. 2011-86738 and 2011-89854 in connection with the illustrative principle of connecting the rolling connecting unit  330  and the connecting unit  340 . Meanwhile, the rolling connecting unit  330  may be configured such that the torque transmission member  500  is joined and fixed to the above end. Accordingly, the rolling connecting unit  330  may receive the rotational torque of the torque transmission member  500  to cause the roll direction operation of the end effector  200 . Meanwhile, the rolling connecting unit  330  may further comprise a passage to at least allow the opening/closing wire  600  to be extended and passed to the opening/closing wire cap  320 . 
         [0038]    The connecting unit  340  may be configured to constitute a part of the joint unit  300  and achieve such joint motion as discussed in Korean Patent Application No. 2011-86738 or 2011-89854. The connecting unit  340  may comprise a passage to allow the torque transmission member  500  to operate freely in the roll direction. 
       Applications 
       [0039]    According to an application of the present invention, those skilled in the art may partially change the form and such of the handling unit or the like so that the wire or torque transmission member of the minimally invasive surgical instrument may be operated by an electric motor or the like of another motor-based system (not shown) such as a surgical robot, as necessary. 
         [0040]    Although the present invention has been described in terms of specific items such as detailed elements as well as the limited embodiments and the drawings, they are only provided to help general understanding of the invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. It will be appreciated by a person of ordinary skill in the art that various modifications and changes may be made from the above description. 
         [0041]    Therefore, the spirit of the present invention shall not be limited to the above-described embodiments, and the entire scope of the appended claims and their equivalents will fall within the scope and spirit of the invention.

Technology Classification (CPC): 0