Patent Abstract:
A hydraulic or pneumatic control device for an automated shift transmission including actuating devices with actuating cylinders ( 15, 16 ) having pressure spaces ( 19   a   , 19   b   ; 20   a   , 20   b ). The pressure spaces ( 19   a   , 19   b   ; 20   a   , 20   b ) of the actuating cylinders ( 15, 16 ) can be connected by a respective control valve ( 22   a   , 22   b   ; 32   a   , 32   b ) to a pressure line ( 26 ), which can be selectively connected to or cut off from a main pressure line ( 8 ) by a main shut-off valve ( 45   a ). At least one additional main shut-off valve ( 45   b ) is arranged in parallel with the first main shut-off valve ( 45   a ) between the main pressure line ( 8 ) and the pressure line ( 26 ) to improve the control characteristics and increase the operational reliability.

Full Description:
This application is a National Stage completion of PCT/EP2007/058609 filed Aug. 20, 2007, which claims priority from German patent application serial no. 10 2006 040 476.9 filed Aug. 29, 2006. 
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention concerns a hydraulic or pneumatic control device for an automated shift transmission, with at least two actuating devices each consisting of a double-action actuating cylinder having two pressure spaces separated by a piston, such that the pressure spaces of the actuating cylinder can each be connected selectively by a control valve to a pressure line or to an unpressurized line. The pressure line can be selectively connected to or cut off from a main pressure line by means of a main shut-off valve. The invention also concerns a method for controlling control elements of such a hydraulic or pneumatic control device. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Control devices of the type indicated above, which work with a pressure medium such as hydraulic oil or compressed air, are known in various designs and are used with automated transmissions of motor vehicles to carry out gear changes. In passenger cars those control devices are usually hydraulic, whereas in contrast, in larger commercial vehicles such as trucks and buses, which have compressed air units, they mainly operate pneumatically. 
     Largely identical designs of such a control device are described for example in DE 199 31 973 A1 and in DE 101 31 853 A1. There, in each case a pump is provided by which a pressure medium can be drawn from a storage reservoir or oil sump and conveyed to a main pressure line. By means of a main shut-off valve, made as a 2/2-way magnetic switching valve, a pressure line can be selectively connected to, or disconnected from the main pressure line. To this pressure line are connected a plurality of control valves in the form of 3/2-way magnetic switching valves, which are associated in pairs with a respective actuating device. The actuating devices are each made as a double-action actuating cylinder with two pressure spaces separated by a piston, and the pressure spaces are in each case connected by a connection line to one of the associated control valves, by means of which they can be connected selectively to the pressure line or to an unpressurized line. 
     Depending on the structure of the transmission-internal shift actuating device, the actuating devices may have the function of a selector control element for selecting one among several shift gates, or of a gear control element for engaging and disengaging the gears of a shift gate concerned, or they may function exclusively as a gear control element. If the shift actuation is effected by an axially displaceable and rotatable shifting shaft, an actuating device that works as a selector control element is needed, by means of which, to select the shift gate, the shifting shaft can be manipulated into form-fitting engagement with the gearshift rod of the shift gate concerned, for example by means of a shift finger. Then, by virtue of another shift actuating device that acts as a shift control element, the associated gear is engaged and disengaged by the shifting shaft by axial displacement of the gearshift rod, which is engaged with an operating sleeve via a shifting fork. 
     It is also possible, however, for the gearshift rods or shift rockers to be actuated directly, in each case by an associated actuating device. In this case all the actuating devices act as gear control elements, and the shift gate is selected exclusively by actuating the gear control elements. In such a case the number of actuating devices needed corresponds to the number of shift gates, so in a simple automated shift transmission with six forward gears and one reverse gear at least four actuating devices are needed. 
     Starting from the last-mentioned example of a simple automated shift transmission with gearshift rods or shift rockers that can be actuated directly by the actuating devices, there are gearshifts which need a larger, and ones which need a smaller amount of pressure medium. In a gearshift between two gears associated with the same shift gate, i.e. which are engaged or disengaged by the same shifting rod or shift rocker, only one actuating device is used so the demand for pressure medium is only relatively small. 
     In contrast, if a shift takes place between two gears associated with different shift gates, i.e. which are engaged and disengaged by different shifting rods or shift rockers, then two actuating devices are used so the demand for pressure medium is greater. The pressure medium demand is even greater still in a so-termed multiple shift during which a plurality of successive gearshifts take place at short intervals. 
     The main shut-off valve is now required, during shift pauses, to cut off the pressure line with its connected control valves and the actuating devices from the main pressure line when in its closed condition. This then protects the control valves and actuating devices from the relatively high main pressure in the main pressure line, whereby otherwise possible leakage losses and perhaps also undesired movements of the actuating devices are avoided. 
     On the other hand, during shift phases the main shut-off valve is opened and the pressure line is therefore connected to the main pressure line in order to provide the control valves and the actuating devices to be operated by them with a sufficiently high pressure and a large enough volume flow. Consequently, the main shut-off valve is designed for a volume flow which, having regard to leaks that result from wear, corresponds to the maximum volume flow that can be required during a shift process. Thus, the main shut-off valve is usually of relatively large size and is consequently comparatively expensive and prone to malfunction; because of marked hysteresis its control properties are poor and when configured, as is usual, as a magnetic switching valve, it demands a relatively high control current. Furthermore, a malfunction of the main shut-off valve causes a failure of the entire control system and the associated shift transmission can no longer carry out gearshifts. 
     To avoid these disadvantages, at least in part, it is also known, instead of one large magnetic switching valve, to adopt a so-termed booster arrangement in which a correspondingly large, pressure-controlled main shut-off valve is positioned between the main pressure line and the pressure line, which can be acted upon with a control pressure via a smaller, interposed valve made as a magnetic switching valve and connected to the main pressure line. Owing to the rapid response behavior of and the low control current needed by this interposed valve, the controllability of this valve arrangement is at least partially improved. However, since two valves are needed this arrangement costs more and its operational reliability is to say the least not improved, since now only one defect in either one of the two valves, the pressure-controlled main shut-off valve or the electrically controlled interposed valve, can lead to failure of the control system. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Accordingly, the purpose of the invention is to propose a control device of the type described to begin with, by virtue of which a simple and inexpensive structure has better control properties and greater operational reliability. In addition, a method for actuating the control elements of such a control device is indicated. 
     These objectives are achieved by a hydraulic or pneumatic control device for an automated shift transmission, comprising actuating devices with actuating cylinders having pressure chambers, such that each pressure chamber of an actuating cylinder can be connected by a control valve to a pressure line and the pressure line can be selectively connected to or cut off from a main pressure line by means of a main shut-off valve. According to the invention, with this control device it is also provided that at least one further main shut-off valve is arranged in parallel with the first main shut-off valve between the main pressure line and the pressure line. 
     By virtue of this structure the at least two main shut-off valves can both be small, and because of the more rapid response behavior of these main shut-off valves the controllability of the control device is improved. Moreover the operational reliability of the control device is substantially increased, since if one of the main shut-off valves malfunctions the continuing functionality of the control device is ensured by the remaining, fault-free main shut-off valve, even though with somewhat restricted dynamics. 
     All the main shut-off valves are made as directly actuated 2/2-way magnetic switching valves, and can therefore be controlled directly, also being available inexpensively. 
     Likewise, it is expedient for all the main shut-off valves to be of identical structure, which makes for favorable purchase and logistics costs. Moreover, this simplifies the control of the main shut-off valves since they can all be controlled in accordance with the same characteristics. 
     It is also advantageous for the main shut-off valves to be controlled independently of one another by an associated control unit, since the main shut-off valves can then be controlled individually, for example as a function of the pressure medium demand at the time. 
     For this purpose it is also advantageous for the main shut-off valves to be of a size such that a maximum possible pressure medium demand can be covered by opening all and a smaller pressure medium demand can be covered by opening only one of the main shut-off valves. 
     To enable demand-related control of the main shut-off valves a pressure sensor connected to the pressure line can be used, by means of which the pressure p_dls and/or the pressure gradient (dp/dt)_dls in the pressure line can be determined. 
     The second objective is achieved by a method for actuating control elements of a hydraulic or a pneumatic control device of an automated shift transmission, which comprises actuating devices with actuating cylinders having pressure spaces, such that the pressure spaces of the actuating cylinders can each be connected via a control valve to a pressure line and the pressure line can be selectively connected to a main pressure line or cut off therefrom by means of a main shut-off valve. The method provides that if a plurality of main shut-off valves are arranged in parallel between the main pressure line and the pressure line, the pressure medium demand of the actuating devices and the associated control valves is determined and the main shut-off valves are controlled as a function of the pressure medium demand determined. 
     For this purpose it can be provided that before a shift operation the pressure medium demand is estimated and then, for the duration of the shift process, if the pressure medium demand is high a plurality of main shut-off valves are opened, whereas if the demand is low only one of the main shut-off valves, or only some of the main shut-off valves are opened. 
     In the case of shift operations requiring the opening of only one, or only some of the main shut-off valves, to avoid premature wear of one of the valves it is expedient, over several such shift operations, to use all the main shut-off valves in rotation in a predetermined sequence. 
     In this it should be borne in mind that premature wear of one of the main shut-off valves can take place both with above-average use due to frictional wear on seals and sealing surfaces, and with below-average use, i.e. long periods of inactivity, if seals stick to sealing surfaces and are torn apart when operation resumes. Both types of wear can be minimized by using all the main shut-off valves statistically with approximately the same frequency and in about the same distribution, and this also prolongs the life of the control device as a whole. 
     As an alternative to the above procedure it is also possible at first to open only one of the main shut-off valves at the beginning of a shift operation, determine the pressure p_dls and/or the pressure gradient (dp/dt)_dls in the pressure line during the shift operation by means of a pressure sensor connected to the pressure line, and if the pressure p_dls detected falls below a predetermined minimum value p_min and/or the pressure gradient (dp/dt)_dis detected falls below a predetermined minimum value (dp/dt)_min, to open further main shut-off valves one at a time in succession until the minimum pressure p_min and/or the minimum pressure gradient (dp/dt)_min in the pressure line has or have been reached or exceeded. 
     In shift operations with such sequential opening of the main shut-off valves as well, premature wear of one of the main shut-off valves can be avoided if, over a number of such shift operations, all the main shut-off valves are used in rotation in a predetermined sequence, i.e. in each case a different main shut-off valve is opened first. 
     Furthermore, it is advantageous for malfunctions of the main shut-off valves to be diagnosed, and if a fault is detected in one of them, then for only the fault-free main shut-off valves to be controlled and actuated. This can avoid malfunctions due to an undefined condition of the faulty main shut-off valve. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       To clarify the invention the description is attached of a drawing which shows: 
         FIG. 1  Schematic view of a control device according to the invention; 
         FIG. 2 : Schematic view of a first control device according to the prior art; and 
         FIG. 3 : Schematic view of a known, second control device. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       FIGS. 1 ,  2  and  3  show respective hydraulic or pneumatic control devices  1 ,  1 ′,  1 ″ of an automated shift transmission of a motor vehicle, with the following features in common: 
     By means of a pump  3  driven by a motor  2 , a pressure medium such as hydraulic oil or compressed air can be delivered via a suction line  4  and a one-way valve  5  from a storage container  6  or oil sump  7  to a main pressure line  8 . To compensate for pressure fluctuations, a pressure reservoir  9  is connected to the main pressure line  8 . 
     The control devices  1 ,  1 ′,  1 ″ comprise a plurality of actuating devices, of which in  FIGS. 1 ,  2  and  3  only two actuating devices  13  and  14  are shown. The actuating devices  13  and  14  which, depending on the type of structure of the transmission-internal shift actuation system, may be either a selector control element and a gearshift control element, or only gearshift control elements, are in each case made as a double-action actuating cylinder  15 ,  16  each of which comprises two pressure spaces  19   a ,  19   b  and  20   a ,  20   b  respectively, separated by respective pistons  17 ,  18 . 
     The pressure spaces  19   a ,  19   b  of the first actuating device  13  are each connected by a connection line  21   a ,  21   b  to the respective outlet of a control valve  22   a ,  22   b  made as a 3/2-way magnetic switching valve. By means of the associated first control valve  22   a  the first pressure space  19   a  of the first actuating device  13  can be connected selectively, via a return-flow line  23   a  and a one-way valve  24   a,  to the unpressurized line  12  or, via a flow inlet line  25   a , to a pressure line  26 . In a similar fashion the second pressure space  1   9   b  of the first actuating device  13  can be connected selectively, via a return-flow line  23   b  and a one-way valve  24   b , to the unpressurized line  12  or, via a flow inlet line  25   b , to the pressure line  26 . 
     In the same way the pressure spaces  20   a  and  20   b  of the second actuating device  14  are each connected by a connection line  31   a ,  31   b  to the outlet of a control device  32   a ,  32   b  made as a 3/2-way magnetic switching valve. By means of the associated first control valve  32   a  the first pressure space  20   a  of the second actuating device  14  can be connected selectively, via a return-flow line  33   a  and a one-way valve  34   a , to the unpressurized line  12  or, via a flow inlet line  35   a , to the pressure line  26 . In a similar fashion the second pressure space  20   b  of the second actuating device  14  can be connected selectively, via a return-flow line  33   b  and a one-way valve  34   b , to the unpressurized line  12  or, via a flow inlet line  35   b , to the pressure line  26 . 
     To compensate for pressure fluctuations, a pressure reservoir  27  is connected to the pressure line  26 . In addition a pressure sensor  28  is connected to the pressure line  26 , which sensor, as also provided in DE 199 31 973 A1, can be used for the measurement, or as in DE 101 31 853 A1, for the computerized determination of the actuation pressures in the respective pressure spaces  19   a ,  19   b  and  20   a ,  20   b  of the actuating devices  13  and  14 . 
     Furthermore, a preferably electronically designed control unit  29  is provided, which is connected via electric control lines  30   a ,  30   b ,  40   a ,  40   b  to the control valves  21   a ,  21   b ,  31   a ,  31   b  of the actuating devices, via another electric control line  39  to the motor  2 , and via an electric sensor line  37  to the pressure sensor  28 . 
     In an embodiment of the control device  1 ′ according to  FIG. 2 , known in principle from DE 199 31 973 A1 and DE 101 31 853 A1, a single main shut-off valve  38  is arranged between the main pressure line  8  and the pressure line  26 . The main shut-off valve  38  is made as a 2/2-way magnetic switching valve and is connected to the control unit  29  by an electric control line  39 . 
     The purpose of the main shut-off valve  38 , in order to avoid leakage loss, is to cut off the control valves  22   a ,  22   b ,  32   a ,  32   b  connected to the pressure line  26  from the main pressure line  8  when shift operations are not taking place, and to connect them to the main pressure line  8  during shift operations so that they are supplied with sufficient pressure and volume flow for the actuation of the actuating devices  13  and  14 . Since in this case there is only a single main shut-off valve  38 , this is designed for the maximum possible pressure medium demand of the actuating devices  13 ,  14  and is therefore of relatively large size, which results in relatively poor control properties such as delayed response behavior and the need for a large control current, relatively high component costs, and in most shift operations unnecessarily high mechanical loading of the control valves  22   a ,  22   b,    32   a ,  32   b . In addition, a malfunction of the main shut-off valve  38  can cause the failure of the control system  1 ′ as a whole. 
     To limit the main pressure, the main pressure line  8  is connected, via a pressure-limiting valve  10  and a return-flow line  11 , to an unpressurized line  12  which leads to the storage container  6  or oil sump  7 . 
     In another known embodiment of the control device  1 ″ shown in  FIG. 3 , again a single main shut-off valve  41  is arranged between the main pressure line  8  and the pressure line  26 , but in contrast to the design shown in  FIG. 2 , this is now in the form of a pressure-controlled 2/2-way switching valve. To actuate the main shut-off valve  41  an interposed switching valve  42  is provided, which is made as a 2/2-way magnetic switching valve whose inlet is connected to the main pressure line  8  and whose outlet is connected via a pressure control line  43  to the control inlet of the main shut-off valve  41 , and which is connected by an electric control line  44  to the control unit  29 . 
     The magnetic switching valve acting as the interposed switching valve  42  is substantially smaller than the main shut-off valve  38  of the embodiment in  FIG. 2  described earlier, so that the control properties and reliability of the magnetic switching valve  42  are better. On the other hand, no cost advantage and no improvement of operational reliability are achieved by the conjoint use of the two switching valves  41  and  42 . 
     In contrast to the known versions according to  FIGS. 2 and 3  described above, in the control device  1  according to the invention shown in  FIG. 1  a plurality of, for example two main shut-off valves  45   a ,  45   b  are connected in parallel between the main pressure line  8  and the pressure line  26 . The main shut-off valves  45   a  and  45   b  are in each case made as a 2/2-way magnetic switching valve and are each connected by respective electric control lines  46   a ,  46   b  to the control unit  29 , so that they can be actuated independently of one another. 
     Expediently, the main shut-off valves  45   a ,  45   b  are of relatively small size, which results in better response behavior. In addition the main shut-off valves  45   a,    45   b  are preferably of identical structure and are designed such that a smaller pressure medium demand by the actuating devices  13 ,  14  can be covered by opening only one of them ( 45   a  or  45   b ) and a larger pressure medium demand by the actuating devices  13 , 14  can be covered by opening both main shut-off valves  45   a    45   b . This enables the main shut-off valves  45   a ,  45   b  to be controlled according to need, so that the mechanical loading of the control valves  22   a ,  22   b ,  32   a ,  32   b  and leakage losses during the shift process are substantially reduced. 
     For control according to need the pressure sensor  28  can also be used, so that during shift phases the main shut-off valves  45   a ,  45   b  can be opened in sequence as a function of the pressure p_dls and/or the pressure gradient (dp/dt)_dls in the pressure line  26 . 
     If one of the main shut-off valves  45   a  or  45   b  fails, then the functionality of the control device  1  is preserved by virtue of the fault-free main shut-off valve  45   b  or  45   a , even though with reduced dynamics, i.e. longer shifting times in the shift transmission. Thus, compared with the known designs, the operational reliability of the control device  1  according to the invention is substantially improved by the parallel connection of a plurality of main shut-off valves  45   a ,  45   b.    
     INDEXES 
     
         
           1  Control device 
           1 ′ Control device 
           1 ″ Control device 
           2  Motor 
           3  Pump 
           4  Suction line 
           5  One-way valve 
           6  Storage reservoir 
           7  Oil sump 
           8  Main pressure line 
           9  Pressure reservoir 
           10  Pressure-limiting valve 
           11  Return-flow line 
           12  Unpressurized line 
           13  Actuating device 
           14  Actuating device 
           15  Double-action actuating cylinder 
           16  Double-action actuating cylinder 
           17  Piston 
           18  Piston 
           19   a  Pressure space 
           19   b  Pressure space 
           20   a  Pressure space 
           20   b  Pressure space 
           21   a  Connection line 
           21   b  Connection line 
           22   a  Control valve 
           22   b  Control valve 
           23   a  Return-flow line 
           23   b  Return-flow line 
           24   a  One-way valve 
           24   b  One-way valve 
           25   a  Inlet line 
           25   b  Inlet line 
           26  Pressure line 
           27  Pressure reservoir 
           28  pressure sensor 
           29  Control unit 
           30   a  Control line 
           30   b  Control line 
           31   a  Connection line 
           31   b  Connection line 
           32   a  Control valve 
           32   b  Control valve 
           33   a  Return-flow line 
           33   b  Return-flow line 
           34   a  One-way valve 
           34   b  One-way valve 
           35   a  Inlet line 
           35   b  Inlet line 
           36  Control line 
           37  Sensor line 
           38  Main shut-off valve 
           39  Control line 
           40   a  Control line 
           40   b  Control line 
           41  Main shut-off valve 
           42  Interposed control line 
           43  Pressure control line 
           44  Control line 
           45   a  Main shut-off valve 
           45   b  Main shut-off valve 
           46   a  Control line 
           46   b  Control line

Technology Classification (CPC): 5