Patent Abstract:
Apparatus for limiting torque comprising a torque ring rotatably seatable upon a plug and a torque collar securable to the plug and holding the torque ring rotatably captive. Torque ring includes a torque ring aperture and an axially-protruding resilient finger. Torque collar includes a torque collar aperture and a finger aperture. Closing-direction torque applied to torque ring is transferred to torque collar and then to plug to rotate plug in the closing direction. Rotation continues until torque overcomes a resisting force wherein finger disengages from finger aperture, torque ring rotates relative to torque collar, and the amount of closing-direction torque that can be applied is limited. Opening-direction torque and rotation of plug is without limit. Over-compressing or under-compressing of gaskets can be eliminated and containers can be inhibited and/or prevented from leaking. The apparatus is compatible with both new and used plugs.

Full Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0002]    The present invention generally relates to an apparatus and system for applying limited torque to a plug. In one aspect, the invention relates to an apparatus that can be secured to a new or used plug to limit the torque that can be applied in a closing direction to the plug when the plug is used to seal a container.  
           [0003]    2. Description of the Related Art.  
           [0004]    A typical sealing assembly for a container comprises a plug a tab used to rotate the plug, a gasket associated with the plug, and a flange secured within a container. When a torque-providing device (e.g., wrench, torque wrench, etc.) applies torque (i.e., a rotational force) to the tab in a closing direction, the plug rotates in the closing direction such that the plug is threadably received within the flange. As rotation in the closing direction continues, the gasket is compressed between the plug and the flange. Compression of the gasket between the plug and the flange is expected to form a liquid-impermeable seal, thereby sealing the container and preventing the container from leaking.  
           [0005]    Unfortunately, if an inappropriate amount of torque is administered to the plug, the liquid-impermeable seal will not be formed and the container can leak. For example, if too much torque is applied to the plug, the gasket can be too forcefully compressed, potentially damaging the gasket. On the other hand, if too little torque is applied to the plug, the gasket will not be compressed forcefully enough and the liquid-impermeable seal cannot be achieved. In either case, leaking of the container can result. To ensure the proper application of torque, and consequently prevent the containers from leaking, several solutions have been suggested.  
           [0006]    One solution known to combat over-torquing the plug and/or over-compressing the gasket calls for the use of a torque wrench to provide torque to the tabs. A torque wrench is a device that is calibrated to permit the application of a limited amount of torque to a component such as, for example, the plug. When the limited amount of torque has been delivered, the torque-wrench provides a signal to a torque wrench operator by “slipping”, “giving”, and/or “breaking-away”. The torque wrench can be configured such that the limited torque that is applied to the plug equals the torque necessary to form the liquid-impermeable seal with the compressed gasket. Therefore, by using the torque wrench, the limited torque is theoretically guaranteed to be delivered. However, the torque wrench is often improperly or unskillfully used. All too frequently, the torque wrench operator fails to perceive, or simply ignores, the signal provided by the torque wrench. As such, the torque wrench operator can apply, despite the torque wrench signal, too much torque to the plug. Therefore, the gasket is over-compressed and the sealing assembly can permit the container to leak. Thus, the solution of employing the torque wrench to deliver the limited amount of torque is often ineffectual.  
           [0007]    Another solution to the problem of over-torquing the plug and/or over-compressing the gasket proposes using a torque-limiting device with the plug. As known in the art, such torque-limiting devices typically contain an independent, helical compression spring. For example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,809,869 to Cosgrove, et. al., pawls, biased by a helical compression spring, engage with ratchet teeth as torque is applied. When the torque becomes excessive, the pawls and ratchet teeth disengage. Also, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,715,075 to Blau, et. al., coupling members, biased by a helical compression spring, engage with groove-like recesses as torque is applied. Again, when the torque becomes excessive, the coupling members and the groove-like recesses disengage. While the torque-limiting apparatus of both Cosgrove and Blau may be useful for some applications, each apparatus critically relies on the independent, helical compression springs to limit the amount of torque. Since each helical compression spring is an integral component within the torque-limiting device/plug combination, it would be difficult, if not impossible, to efficiently fit, retro-fit, and/or adapt the torque-limiting devices disclosed in Cosgrove and Blau to a used, existing, recycled, or previously manufactured plug. Thus, such torque-limiting devices fail to provide the most practical and cost-efficient solution to the problem of over-tightening the plug and/or over-compressing the gasket which can result in container leakage.  
           [0008]    Another proposed solution to the problem of over-torquing the plug and/or over-compressing the gasket involves a more indirect remedy. This solution uses a sealing cap (i.e., a safety cap) in combination with the typical sealing assembly. After the plug has been rotated to compress the gasket between the plug and the flange, the sealing cap is crimped onto, and over, the flange and/or the sealing assembly. Thus, the sealing cap can protectively cover the plug and the gasket. This indirectly prevents the container from leaking even if the gasket fails. While the use of the sealing cap may prevent the container from leaking, the sealing cap neglects the underlying problem (i.e., a damaged or ineffectual gasket). Further, if the plug is to be subsequently removed from the container, reused, and/or recycled, the sealing cap must be damaged to access the plug. A new sealing cap can be required each time the container is to be sealed and/or resealed. As such, maintaining container integrity can become expensive. Therefore, sealing caps provide a less durable and/or less comprehensive solution to the fundamental problem of over-torquing the plug and/or over-compressing the gasket.  
           [0009]    Thus, an apparatus and system that can limit torque applied to a plug by a torque-producing device, permit a gasket to be compressed between the plug and a flange in a container until a liquid-impermeable seal is formed, prevent damage to the gasket, and seal the container, would be highly desirable. Likewise, the apparatus would be constructed of few components and be utilized with used and/or existing plugs.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0010]    In one aspect, the invention provides an apparatus for limiting torque applied by a torque-providing device. The apparatus can comprise a torque ring rotatably seatable upon a plug and a torque collar securable to the plug and holding the torque ring rotatably captive. The torque ring includes a torque ring aperture that engages the torque-providing device and an axially-protruding resilient finger that provides a resisting force. The torque collar has a torque collar aperture that receives the torque-providing device and a finger aperture that receives and engages the axially-protruding resilient finger. When torque is applied to the torque ring by the torque-providing device in a closing direction, the axially-protruding resilient finger engages the finger aperture to transfer torque from the torque ring to the torque collar. This permits the torque collar to rotate the plug in the closing direction until torque overcomes the resisting force of the axially-protruding resilient finger. When this occurs, the axially-protruding resilient finger disengages from the finger aperture. As a result, the torque ring continues to rotate in the closing direction independent of the torque collar and the plug.  
           [0011]    Disengagement of the axially-protruding resilient finger from the finger aperture can occur when the axially-protruding resilient finger is biased toward the plug, biased away from the torque collar, flattened by the torque collar, forced axially downwardly, radially urged downwardly, and/or bent flush with the torque ring. Therefore, disengagement can cause the axially-protruding resilient finger to temporarily deform such that the finger is not axially-protruding from the torque ring. Also, disengagement can ensure that a gasket, used in conjunction with the plug, is not damaged and a container is sealed. Further, the plug can be removed from being sealably inserted within the container without damage occurring to the plug.  
           [0012]    The resisting force can be determined by friction generated between the axially-protruding resilient finger and the torque collar or by upward protrusion of the axially-protruding resilient finger and friction generated between the axially-protruding resilient finger and the torque collar. Because the resisting force is mechanically determined, the apparatus can eliminate human error by automatically disengaging when the torque applied to the torque ring overcomes the resisting force.  
           [0013]    In one embodiment, the apparatus can be employed with used plugs. In other words, the apparatus can be retro-fitted upon the used plugs. In another embodiment, torque can be applied to the torque ring by the torque-providing device in an opening direction. When this occurs, the to axially-protruding resilient finger engages the finger aperture such that torque is transferred to the torque collar and causes the plug to rotate in the opening direction until the torque is no longer applied by the torque-providing device.  
           [0014]    The axially-protruding resilient finger can include a front surface and a friction surface, the friction surface providing a resisting force. Also, the torque collar can define a sliding surface while the finger aperture can define a camming surface.  
           [0015]    In another aspect, the invention comprises an assembly for limiting torque applied by a torque-providing device. The assembly can include a plug having a periphery, a gasket disposed upon the plug proximate the periphery, and an apparatus secured to the plug. The apparatus can comprise a torque ring and a torque collar. The torque ring, rotatably seatable upon the plug, can include a torque ring aperture that engages the torque-providing device and an axially-protruding resilient finger that provides a resisting force. The torque collar, securable to the plug and holding the torque ring rotatably captive, can include a torque collar aperture that receives the torque-providing device and a finger aperture that receives and engages the axially-protruding resilient finger.  
           [0016]    When torque is applied to the torque ring by the torque-providing device in an opening direction, the axially-protruding resilient finger engages the finger aperture to transfer the torque from the torque ring to the torque collar. This permits the torque collar to rotate the plug in the opening direction until the torque is no longer applied by the torque-providing device.  
           [0017]    Also, when torque is applied to the torque ring by the torque-providing device in a closing direction, the axially-protruding resilient finger engages the finger aperture to transfer the torque from the torque ring to the torque collar. This permits the torque collar to rotate the plug in the closing direction and compress the gasket until the torque overcomes the resisting force of the axially-protruding resilient finger. When torque overcomes the resisting force, the axially-protruding resilient finger disengages from the finger aperture. This results in the torque ring continuing to rotate in the closing direction independent of the torque collar and the plug such that the torque applied to the plug in the closing direction is limited and the compressed gasket is not damaged. Thus, containers using the assembly can be sealed and prevented from leaking.  
           [0018]    In another aspect, the invention comprises a system for sealing. The system can include a plug having a periphery, a gasket disposed upon the plug proximate the periphery, a container, and a torque-limiting apparatus. The container can include a flange that threadably receives the plug and the gasket. Thus, the flange and the plug can compress the gasket thereby sealing the container.  
           [0019]    The container in the system can be a 55-gallon metal drum and the flanges can be two-inch flanges and/or three-quarters inch flanges. The system can further comprise a cap seal that provides protection from leaks. The cap seal is typically secured to the plug after the plug has been secured in the flange within the container.  
           [0020]    In another aspect, the invention comprises a method of limiting torque applied by a torque-providing device. The method comprises providing a plug having a torque-limiting apparatus which includes a torque ring and a torque collar. The torque ring, rotatably seatable upon the plug, can have a torque ring aperture that engages the torque-providing device and an axially-protruding resilient finger that provides a resisting force. The torque collar, securable to the plug and holding the torque ring rotatably captive, can have a torque collar aperture that receives the torque-providing device and a finger aperture that receives and engages the axially-protruding resilient finger.  
           [0021]    Next, torque is applied, in a closing direction, to the torque ring using the torque-providing device. This results in the axially-protruding resilient finger and the finger aperture engaging to translate torque to the plug. The plug is thereby rotated, in the closing direction, until torque overcomes a resisting force of the axially-protruding resilient finger. When the resisting force is overcome, the axially-protruding resilient finger and the finger aperture disengage such that the torque ring rotates relative to the torque collar. Thus, the amount of torque that can be applied to the plug is limited.  
           [0022]    The method can further comprise inserting the plug into a flange disposed within a lid of a container. The method can also include compressing a gasket on the plug against the flange when the plug is rotated in the closing direction to seal the container. Further, the method can insure that damage to gaskets is inhibited and/or prohibited by disengaging the torque ring and the torque collar when the resisting force is overcome.  
           [0023]    Additionally, the method can comprises applying torque, in an opening direction, to the torque ring using the torque-providing device. Opening-direction torque can cause the axially-protruding resilient finger and the finger aperture to engage and translate torque to the plug. As such, the plug can rotate in the opening direction until the torque-providing device ceases to apply the torque.  
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0024]    Embodiments of the invention are disclosed with reference to the accompanying drawings and are for illustrative purposes only. The invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction, or the arrangement of the components, illustrated in the drawings. The invention is capable of other embodiments or of being practiced or carried out in other various ways. Like reference numerals are used to indicate like components.  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 1 illustrates an exploded, perspective view of a prior art sealing assembly for use with a container.  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 2 illustrates an elevational, cross-sectional view, taken along line  2 - 2  of FIG. 1, showing a plug with tabs.  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 3 illustrates a top, plan view of the plug of FIG. 2.  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 4 illustrates an elevational, cross-sectional view of the plug of FIG. 2 employing an embodiment of a torque-limiting apparatus according to the invention.  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 5 illustrates a top, plan view of the plug of FIG. 4.  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 6 illustrates an elevational, cross-sectional view of the plug of FIG. 2 employing an embodiment of torque-limiting apparatus according to the invention with the tabs having been removed.  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 7 illustrates a top, plan view of the plug of FIG. 6.  
         [0032]    [0032]FIG. 8 illustrates a top, plan view of a torque ring within the torque-limiting apparatus of FIGS. 4 and 6.  
         [0033]    [0033]FIG. 9 illustrates a elevational, cross-sectional view of the torque ring of FIG. 8 taken along line  9 - 9 .  
         [0034]    [0034]FIG. 10 illustrates a top, plan view of a torque collar within the torque-limiting apparatus of FIGS. 4 and 6.  
         [0035]    [0035]FIG. 11 illustrates a elevational, cross-sectional view of the torque collar of FIG. 10 taken along line  11 - 11 .  
         [0036]    [0036]FIG. 12 illustrates a side, elevational view of a portion of the torque-limiting apparatus from FIG. 6 which highlights engagement of an axially-protruding resilient finger and a finger aperture when torque is applied in a closing direction.  
         [0037]    [0037]FIG. 13 illustrates a side, elevational view of the portion of the torque-limiting apparatus from FIG. 6 which highlights disengagement of the axially-protruding resilient finger and the finger aperture when a resisting force is overcome by the applied torque.  
         [0038]    [0038]FIG. 14 illustrates a side, elevational view of the portion of the torque-limiting apparatus from FIG. 6 which highlights engagement of the axially-protruding resilient finger and the finger aperture when torque in applied an opening direction. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0039]    Referring to FIG. 1, an exploded view of conventional sealing assembly  2 , as known in the art, is illustrated in association with lid  4  of container  6 . The typical sealing assembly  2  comprises flange  8 , gasket  10 , and plug  12 .  
         [0040]    As known in the art, flange  8  (i.e., a bunghole) typically comprises a circular, threaded member that is crimped or otherwise secured within lid  4  of container  6 . One or more flanges  8  can be employed on lid  4 , or elsewhere upon container  6 , to permit the container to receive and discharge fluids. Often, container  6  will comprise a 55-gallon metal drum containing two differently-sized flanges  8 , namely a 2-inch flange and a ¾-inch flange. The 2-inch flange can permit the ingress of one fluid (e.g., water, fuel oil, liquid chemicals) while the 4-inch flange can concurrently permit the egress of another fluid (e.g., air, other gases). After container  6  is filled, flanges  8  are generally sealed to prepare the container for shipping, transportation, and/or storage. To seal the container  6 , it is known in the art to employ sealing assembly  2 , as illustrated in FIG. 1, or another like sealing assembly.  
         [0041]    In FIG. 1, gasket  10  is illustrated in a typical arrangement within sealing assembly  2 . As shown, gasket  10  can be positioned between flange  8  and plug  12 . Usually, gasket  10  is received and seated upon flange  8 , fitted upon plug  12  proximate a plug periphery  14 , or the like. Gasket  10  can be incorporated within, or as a part of, sealing assembly  2  in various arrangements, such arrangements being known in the art. Gasket  10  can be made of rubber, or a like material, which provides the gasket with the ability to form a liquid-impermeable seal between adjacent components (e.g., plug  12  and flange  8 ), particularly when the gasket is compressed.  
         [0042]    As illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, plug  12  can comprise a circular, threaded member configured to be threadably received within flange  8 . When plug  12  is rotated, the plug can be either drawn toward, or away from, flange  8 , depending on the direction of rotation. For example, when plug  12  is rotated in a “closing” direction (e.g., clockwise), the plug is drawn and/or pulled closer to flange  8 . Alternatively, when plug  12  is rotated in an “opening” direction (e.g., counter-clockwise), the plug is urged, biased, and/or pushed away from the flange.  
         [0043]    Referring back to FIG. 1, if plug  12  receives torque (i.e., a rotational force) in the closing direction, the plug is drawn towards the flange and gasket  10  is compressed between the plug and the flange. As such, gasket  10  can form a seal that inhibits and/or prevents fluid penetration. Similarly, if torque is applied to plug  12  in the opening direction, gasket  10  can be decompressed and thereby release, discharge, and/or terminate the liquid-impermeable seal that inhibits and/or prevents fluid penetration. If rotation in the opening direction continues long enough, plug  12  can be removed, ejected, and/or expelled from flange  8  altogether.  
         [0044]    In order to accept torque, plug  12  can be equipped with tabs  16  (i.e., lugs, drive lugs, and the like) as illustrated in FIGS.  1 - 3 . Tabs  16  can comprise one or more pieces of plastic, metal, and/or other like materials secured to, for example, top surface  18  of plug  12 . Securement of tabs  16  to plug  12  can be accomplished with spot welds (not shown) or other methods known in the art.  
         [0045]    Tabs  16  on plug  12  can be configured to receive and/or engage a multitude of torque-providing devices, such as a wrench, a torque wrench, and/or similar tools (not shown). Engagement of the torque-providing device and tabs  16  facilitates translation and/or transfer of torque from the torque-producing device to plug  12 . Thus, the torque-producing device can rotate plug  12  in either the opening or the closing direction. Unfortunately, this system of providing torque, and therefore rotation, to plug  12  is fraught with perils. Therefore, gasket  10  can be over-compressed, under-compressed, damaged, and the like. Thus, sealing assembly  2 , which relies on the liquid-impermeable seal being formed by gasket  10 , can fail. Failure of sealing assembly  2  and/or gasket  10  allows fluids to escape from container  6 . In other words, sealing assembly  2  and/or gasket  10  can be ineffectual and container  6  can leak.  
         [0046]    To prevent, inhibit, and/or eliminate over-compressed, under-compressed, damaged, and otherwise ineffectual gaskets and sealing assemblies, a torque-limiting apparatus  20  according to the invention is illustrated in FIGS.  4 - 7 . In FIGS. 4 and 5, an embodiment of torque-limiting apparatus  20  is secured to a conventional plug, such as plug  12  (FIG. 1), while tabs  16  are still secured to and/or disposed on the plug. However, in a preferred embodiment as illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7, torque-limiting apparatus  20  can be secured to the conventional plug  12  where tabs  16  have been removed and/or otherwise eliminated. In each of these embodiments, torque-limiting apparatus  20  is intended to replace and/or be used in lieu of tabs  16  to provide torque and/or a rotational force to plug  12 .  
         [0047]    In addition to torque-limiting apparatus  20  being adaptable to conventional plugs  12  and/or capable of being retro-fit (i.e., installed after manufacture) to the conventional plugs as illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 6, the torque-limiting apparatus can also be installed on a newly manufactured plug (not shown). Whether employed on a new or used plug, torque-limiting apparatus  20  can function and/or perform effectively. Thus, torque-limiting apparatus  20  is universally adaptable and/or securable to newly manufactured plugs, previously manufactured plugs, plugs with tabs  16 , plugs without the tabs, and the like. In preferred embodiments, torque-limiting apparatus  20  is employed within conventional sealing assembly  2  when plug  12  is a used plug, an existing plug, a re-used plug, an old plug, and/or a recycled plug.  
         [0048]    As shown in FIGS.  4 - 7 , torque-limiting apparatus  20  comprises torque ring  22  and torque collar  24 . Torque ring  22  and torque collar  24  can each be manufactured from a variety of materials such as metal, metal alloys, plastic, and the like. In preferred embodiments, torque ring  22  and/or torque collar  24  are constructed of stainless steel.  
         [0049]    In a preferred embodiment, as illustrated in detail in FIGS. 8 and 9, torque ring  22  comprises a circular, metal member having flange portion  26  and raised, central portion  28 . Central portion  28 , when viewed from above (FIG. 8), can be round, square, hexagonal, octagonal, or similarly shaped. Further, central portion  28  can include torque ring aperture  30  which is designed and configured to receive the torque-providing device (not shown). Torque ring aperture  30 , when viewed from above (FIG. 8), can be also be round, square, hexagonal, octagonal, or similarly shaped. Torque ring aperture  30  is capable of complimenting, through engagement, the host of possible torque-providing devices available. It is also contemplated that torque ring aperture  30  can be adjustable to provide wide-ranging acceptance of available torque-providing devices.  
         [0050]    Still referring to FIGS. 8 and 9, flange portion  26  can include one or more axially-protruding, resilient fingers  32  (i.e., coupling members, ratchet teeth, extensions, protrusions, and the like). Each finger  32  can be formed by making incisions within torque ring  22  along a periphery  34  of each finger and thereafter vertically elevating, axially raising, and/or upwardly bending the finger at vertex end  36 . As used herein, “upward” and “upwardly” are defined as being toward plug opening  38  and/or away from top surface  18  when torque-limiting apparatus  20  is secured to plug  12  as illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 6. Similarly, as used herein, “downward” and “downwardly” are defined as being away from plug opening  38  and/or towards top surface  18  when torque-limiting apparatus  20  is secured to plug  12  as illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 6.  
         [0051]    When finger  32  is bent upwardly and/or protrudes from torque ring  22 , salient end  40  of the finger is extracted from torque ring  22  and becomes exposed as illustrated in FIG. 9. Exposure of finger  32  from within torque ring  22  creates and/or defines a front surface  42  and a friction surface  44 .  
         [0052]    In a preferred embodiment, after upwardly bending finger  32 , the finger maintains the upwardly-bent position. However, despite being upwardly disposed, finger  32  remains flexible and, furthermore, resilient. As such, finger  32  can be biased downwardly upon the application of a downward and/or radial force, yet return to the upwardly-bent configuration when the downward and/or radial force is removed. For example, upon the application of sufficient downward and/or radial force, finger  32  can flexibly retreat back to the original, “un-bent” or flush position within torque ring  22 . Thereafter, upon removal of the downward and/or radial force, finger  32  is capable of “springing back” to the upwardly-bent position as illustrated in FIG. 9.  
         [0053]    In an exemplary embodiment, torque ring  22 , and/or particularly finger  32 , can be hardened, flexibly stiffened, made resilient and/or otherwise treated to ensure that the finger possess a resilient, “spring-like” property which will encourage the finger to remain upwardly (i.e., axially) biased. Because finger  32  is resilient, the finger is capable of withstanding shock without permanent deformation and will tend to recover from, or adjust to, misfortune and/or change. Therefore, finger  32  can have the ability to recover size and/or shape after deformation caused by stress, and especially compressive stress. Such methods of treating metal and/or other to substances to provide resiliency, for example through chemical and/or thermal exposure, are well known and contemplated.  
         [0054]    Torque collar  24  presents a circular, metal member having flange portion  46 , raised, central portion  48 , and lower surface  50 . Disposed within central portion  48  are one or more finger apertures  52  and torque collar aperture  54 . Each finger aperture  52 , which extends entirely through torque collar  24 , includes and defines camming surface  56  as illustrated in FIGS. 4, 6, and  10 . Torque collar aperture  54  is designed and configured to receive central portion  28  of torque ring  22 . As such, torque collar aperture  54  can be round, square, hexagonal, octagonal, or similarly shaped to correspond to the shape of central portion  28 .  
         [0055]    Finger apertures  52  are designed and configured to receive and engage fingers  32 . As such, in preferred embodiments, the number of finger apertures  48  within torque collar  24  agrees with and/or corresponds to the number of fingers  32  on torque ring  22 . For example, as illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 10, four fingers  32  and four finger apertures  52  are shown. However, it is contemplated that one or more fingers  32 , as well as one or more finger apertures  48 , can be used. Furthermore, there is no requirement that the number of fingers  32  correspond to the number of finger apertures  48  although such an arrangement can be preferred.  
         [0056]    Referring back to FIGS. 4 and 6, in a preferred embodiment torque-limiting apparatus  20  is assembled and/or constructed when torque collar  24  is disposed upon torque ring  22 . As shown, central portion  28  of torque ring  22  is received by torque collar aperture  54  in torque collar  24 . In this mating arrangement, central portion  28  is placed within, and upwardly protrudes from, collar aperture  54 . At the same time, any fingers  32  on torque ring  22  are received by finger apertures  52  in torque collar  24 . Thus, fingers  32  are placed within, and upwardly protrude into, corresponding finger apertures  52 . As assembled, torque ring  22  would be free to rotate underneath torque collar  24  if not for the impediment produced by the engagement of fingers  32  and finger apertures  52 .  
         [0057]    After torque collar  24  has been mounted on torque ring  22 , torque-limiting apparatus  20  can be secured to plug  12  (or a new plug). As illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 7, securement can be performed by forming one or welds  58  between torque collar  24  and plug  12 . In preferred embodiments, welds  58  are formed at, or upon, flange portion  46  of torque collar  24 . As such, torque collar  24  is directly connected to plug  12 . Conversely, torque ring  22  is only indirectly connected to plug  12  by the interaction of torque collar  24  with torque ring  22  and/or fingers  32  with finger apertures  52 .  
         [0058]    In operation, plug  12  can employ torque-limiting apparatus  20  as shown in FIGS. 4 and 6 and can be disposed within, for example, sealing assembly  2  (FIG. 1). In such an arrangement, plug  12  can begin to be threadably inserted into flange  8 . Thereafter, the torque-providing device (not shown) can be inserted into and/or received by torque ring aperture  30 . If torque is supplied in the closing direction by the torque-providing device, torque ring  22  will correspondingly attempt to, be encouraged to, and/or begin to rotate in the closing direction. As shown in FIG.  12 , when torque ring  22  begins to rotate in the closing direction, friction surface  44 , provided by finger  32 , engages torque collar  24 , particularly at lower surface  54 . Such engagement can permit the finger  32  to generate and/or produce a resisting force that, for the most part, opposes the torque applied in the closing direction.  
         [0059]    In one embodiment, the resisting force can be comprised of friction when, for example, friction surface of finger  32  and lower surface  54  of finger aperture  52  (i.e., torque ring  22  and torque collar  24 ) abrade against each other. In another embodiment, the resisting force can be comprised of shear resistance generated by the upwardly (i.e., axially) protruding finger abutting the torque collar. In yet another embodiment, the resisting force can be comprised of both friction and shear resistance by combining both of the above embodiments.  
         [0060]    To adjust the resisting force, the resiliency of finger  32  can be increased or decreased, friction surface  44  of finger  32  can be altered, lower surface  54  of torque collar  24  can be altered, additional fingers  32  can be added to torque ring  22 , and the like. Such actions will either increase or decrease the magnitude of the resisting force. By varying these properties, the engagement of finger  32  and finger aperture  52  can be consequently prolonged or diminished.  
         [0061]    Since the resisting force holds finger  32  and finger aperture  52  (i.e., torque ring  22  and torque collar  24 ) in engagement, the torque applied to the torque ring in the closing direction is translated from the torque ring to the torque collar. In turn, since torque collar  24  is secured to plug  12 , the torque is thereafter translated from the torque collar to the plug  12 . As such, plug  12  can be rotated in the closing direction by application of torque to torque ring  22 .  
         [0062]    If plug  12 , using torque-limiting apparatus  20 , is part of sealing assembly  2  (FIG. 1), rotation of the plug in the closing direction can cause the plug to be drawn toward flange  8 . As the rotation continues, plug  12  can compress gasket  10  against flange  8 . Thus, gasket  10  is capable of forming a liquid-impermeable seal. However, as noted above, if gasket  10  is too forcefully compressed, or insufficiently compressed, container  6  can leak. Therefore, torque-limiting apparatus  20  is designed to provide an “appropriate” amount of torque by disengaging when the appropriate amount of torque has been administered and/or achieved. When torque-limiting apparatus disengages, no further torque is supplied to plug  12  and further compression of gasket  10  ceases.  
         [0063]    The “appropriate” torque can be defined as that amount of torque that causes disengagement of finger  32  and finger aperture  52 , that amount of torque that inhibits and/or prevents damage to gasket  10 , that amount of torque that permits gasket  10  to form the liquid-impermeable seal between plug  12  and flange  8 , or that amount of torque that inhibits and/or prevents container  6  from leaking.  
         [0064]    For torque-limiting apparatus to disengage, the torque applied in the closing direction overcomes and/or exceeds the resisting force. When the resisting force succumbs to the superiority of the torque, finger  32  is temporarily biased downwardly and/or radially by finger aperture  52  and/or lower surface  54  as illustrated in FIG. 13. In other words, finger  32  can be biased toward plug  12 , biased away from torque collar  24 , flattened by the torque collar, and/or bent flush with torque ring  22 . The downward and/or radial pressure causes finger  32  to be displaced from the upwardly-bent, protruding position. Therefore, finger  32  can be persuaded to retreat within torque ring  22  until friction surface  44  becomes flush with torque ring  22  as depicted in FIG. 13.  
         [0065]    When finger  32  achieves the position illustrated in FIG. 13, torque ring  22  no longer drives torque collar  24  and plug  12 . With plug  12  idled, compression of gasket  10  halts. Therefore, during disengagement, torque ring  22  is capable of rotating, at least temporarily, underneath torque collar  24 . Since torque-limiting apparatus  20  discontinues providing torque to plug  12  upon disengaging at the “appropriate” torque, over-compressing, under-compressing, and/or damaging of gasket  10  is discouraged and/or avoided altogether. Thus, torque-limiting apparatus  20  ensures, by disengaging at the “appropriate” torque, that the liquid-impermeable seal will be formed and container  6  will not leak.  
         [0066]    Because the appropriate amount of torque and the resisting force directly correspond to each other, the resisting force can adjusted to correspondingly adjust the appropriate torque applied to plug  12 . When the appropriate amount of torque is adjusted, the point at which torque-limiting apparatus  20  disengages can be altered and/or changed. Thus, the amount of torque applied to plug  12 , which compresses gasket  10 , can be modified and/or varied as desired.  
         [0067]    Additionally, the amount of compression experienced by gasket  10  can be adapted and/or adjusted to suit various container sealing conditions (e.g., where the gasket is composed of variable materials, where the gasket is compressed at different temperatures, where the fluid being contained is pressurized, etc.).  
         [0068]    Notably, the torque-limiting benefit bestowed upon plug  12  by torque-limiting apparatus  20  is provided without the need or requirement for an independent, helical compression spring or other distinct, independent “spring-like” component. The axially-protruding, resilient fingers  32  are integrated and/or incorporated directly within torque ring  22 .  
         [0069]    After disengagement occurs as shown in FIG. 13, if torque ring  22  rotates beneath torque collar  24  far enough, finger  32  on the torque ring will once more encounter finger aperture  52  (or another finger aperture) and can become engaged with the finger aperture as shown in FIG. 12. When this “re-engagement” takes place, finger  32  springs upwardly within finger aperture  52  and resiliently resumes the upwardly-bent position.  
         [0070]    In addition to preventing over-compression of gasket  10 , torque-limiting apparatus  20  discourages under-compressing the gasket as well. Until the appropriate amount of torque has been administered to torque ring  22 , and resultantly torque collar  24  and plug  12 , the torque ring and the torque collar remain engaged due to the resisting force. While engagement continues, torque and rotation in the closing direction persist, thereby causing gasket  10  to be increasingly compressed. Thus, torque-limiting apparatus can simultaneously and/or concurrently cope with both the problem of over-compression and under-compression of gasket  10 .  
         [0071]    As illustrated in FIG. 14, in addition to rotating plug  12  in the closing direction, torque-limiting apparatus  20  can also rotate the plug in an opening direction. In fact, rotation in the opening direction and rotation in the closing direction are generally performed by the same pair of components, namely finger  32  and finger aperture  52 . However, engagement of finger  32  with finger aperture  52  during rotation in an opening direction is unique.  
         [0072]    The torque-providing device (not shown) can be inserted into and/or received by torque ring aperture  30 . If torque is supplied in the opening direction by the torque-providing device, torque ring  22  will correspondingly attempt to, be encouraged to, and/or begin to rotate in the opening direction. As shown in FIG. 14, when torque ring  22  begins to rotate in the opening direction, front surface  42 , provided by finger  32 , engages torque collar  24 , particularly at camming surface  56 . The engagement of front surface  42  and camming surface  56  causes the torque applied in the opening direction to be translated from torque ring  22  to torque collar  24 . Since torque collar  24  is secured to plug  12 , the torque experienced by the torque collar is supplied to plug  12 . Thus, engagement of finger  32  with finger aperture  42 , and particularly front surface  42  and camming surface  56 , allows torque to be indirectly distributed from torque ring  22  to plug  12 . As such, plug  12  can be rotated in the opening direction and biased and/or pushed away from flange  8 , thereby decompressing gasket  10 .  
         [0073]    Plug  12  can be threadably loosened, removed from container  6 , and thereafter reused. Thus, plug  12  can beneficially be inserted and removed from container  6  as many times as desired. Such reuse does not damage plug  12 , container  6 , or any other component associated with sealing assembly  2 .  
         [0074]    Also, even though a cap seal (i.e., a safety seal) may not be necessary to prevent container  6  from leaking, torque-limiting apparatus  20 , as secured to plug  12 , does not interfere with the later attachment of such a cap seal. This can be of consequence if municipal, county, state, and/or government regulations, or the like, require and/or encourage the use of cap seals to augment or further guarantee protection from leaks.  
         [0075]    Despite any methods being outlined in a step-by-step sequence, the completion of acts or steps in a particular chronological order is not mandatory. Further, elimination, modification, rearrangement, combination, reordering, or the like, of acts or steps is contemplated and considered within the scope of the description and claims.  
         [0076]    While the present invention has been described in terms of the preferred embodiment, it is recognized that equivalents, alternatives, and modifications, aside from those expressly stated, are possible and within the scope of the appending claims.

Technology Classification (CPC): 1