Patent Abstract:
Provided herein are methods of preventing/controlling phytoparasitic nematodes in migratory and sedentary endoparasites belonging to families Anguinidae, Aphelenchidae, Aphelenchoididae, Criconematidae, Dolichodoridae, Hemicycliophoridae, Heteroderidae, Hoplolaimidae, Iotonchidae, Neotylenchidae, Pratylenchidae, Sphaerulariidae, Tilenchidae, and Tylenchulidae: Suborder Tylenchina; Longidoridae: Suborder Dorylaimina; Trichodoridae: Suborder Diphtherophorina using  Paecilomyces carneus . The compositions and processes disclosed herein are useful in the prevention and/or control and/or eradication of phytoparasitic nematodes that infect and/or infest the vast majority of cultures for animal and human consumption, while optimum conditions are created in the soil for improving crop yield, with the option of getting organic products.

Full Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is the United States national phase of International Application No. PCT/MX2013/000163 filed Dec. 13, 2013, and claims priority to Mexican Patent Application No. MX/a/2012/014536 filed Dec. 13, 2012, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated in their entirety by reference. 
     The Sequence Listing associated with this application is filed in electronic format via EFS-Web and is hereby incorporated by reference into the specification in its entirety. The name of the text file containing the Sequence Listing is 154952_ST25.txt. The size of the text file is 1,261 bytes, and the text file was created on Jun. 15, 2015. 
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to the use of  Paecilomyces carneus  for the prevention and/or control and/or eradication of phytoparasitic nematodes, migratory and sedentary endoparasites belonging to families Anguinidae, Aphelenchidae, Aphelenchoididae, Criconematidae, Dolichodoridae, Hemicycliophoridae, Heteroderidae, Hoplolaimidae, Iotonchidae, Neotylenchidae, Pratylenchidae, Sphaerulariidae, Tilenchidae, and Tylenchulidae: Suborder Tylenchina; Longidoridae: Suborder Dorylaimina; Trichodoridae: Suborder Diphtherophorina. The compositions and processes of the present invention are useful in the prevention and/or control and/or eradication of phytoparasitic nematodes that infect and/or infest the vast majority of cultures for animal and human consumption, while optimum conditions are created in the soil for improving crop yield, with the option of getting organic products. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Pests are a biological factor that damages crops regardless of the region where they are. Damage caused by pests in the crops reduces the quality of the product and the amount of production, since they prevent plants to have an optimal development, and depending on the pest and the level of infestation, they can cause the death of the host. 
     Among the pests that affect the crops significantly, both in quality and in quantity, are the phytoparasitic nematodes, which are microscopic and depending on their life cycle they affect the plant in different ways. Some of the damages they cause to the crops are: withering, chlorosis, dwarfism, rickets, defoliation, lack of vigor, necrosis of the affected parts, resulting in a weak crop or the death thereof, and therefore production loss. In an effort to control pests that attack crops, farmers are in need to use chemical pesticides. Some of the disadvantages of them are the high risk posed when applied; the presence of the same in food products can result in damage to the health of consumers; also the alteration of pH and the contents of minerals in phytotoxic amounts as a consequence of the excessive application of chemical pesticides results in the loss of fertility of the soil; additionally they can have an effect in the quality of the product, as well as generating resistance to the chemical agents, which results in the need of make use of a larger amount thereof. 
     In the state of the art diverse methods for nematode control are described; among them are chemical methods, such as: use of 2R,5R-dihidroxymethil-2R,4R-dihidroxypyrrolidine (Pat. No. WO/1999/059414); a chemical agent with condensed formula C27H30O9 (Pat. No. WO/1993/002083); use of fluopiram for nematode control (Pat. No. WO/2012/038476); fertilizer composition based on 1-70% potassium hypophosphite and ammonium phosphite, 1-307 boric fertilizer (Pat. No. CN101492323), among others. 
     On the other hand, there are biological methods where microorganisms are used for nematode control, these include:  Sphingobacterium  strain  spiritivorum  C-926 and  Corynobacterium paurometabolum  C-924 (Pat No. MX 250042);  Pasteuria  spp. (Pat No. MX 193344); fungi of the genus  Arthrobotrys  (Pat No. U.S. Pat. No. 4,666,714);  Bacillus thuringiensis  (Pat No. U.S. Pat. No. 5,270,448);  Streptomyces dicklowii  ATCC 55274 (Pat No. U.S. Pat. No. 5,549,889); fungus  Pochonia chlamydosporia  var.  chlamydosporia  (Pat No. US2009169518);  Verticillium chlamydosporium  CC 334168 (Pat No. WO/1991/001642), among others. 
     Another option is the combination of chemical compounds with biological agents, such as:  Buprofezina  and  Paecilomyces  sp. (U.S. Pat. No. 5,885,598); Silafluofen and/or Etofenprox with  Paecilomyces  sp. (U.S. Pat. No. 5,888,989), among others. Finally, there are methods that involve genetic modification for generating crops resistent to nematodes, such as those described in the following patent documents: GEP20002245, U.S. Pat. No. 6,294,712, U.S. Pat. No. 7,576,261, CN1903014, WO/2003/080838, among others. 
     The disadvantages that have been observed with chemical methods are those described above for the application of nematicides; as regarding the combination of chemical agents with biological agents, although sometimes is achieved to decrease the amount of the chemical agent, the disadvantages do not disappear; the genetic alteration of crops in order to create pest-resistant crops is an option that, besides having a high cost, poses a long-term risk for the consumers, since there is no certainty about the implications that the consumption of such products will have in the long term. 
     Nowadays, the biological methods are the most accepted and convenient, because they use microorganisms that are safe for the final consumer and help preserve the quality of soils, crops and thus of the final product. 
     Currently, the fungus of genus  Paecilomyces  spp. is used as nematicide, since it attacks nematodes effectively and without damaging crops. Patent documents U.S. Pat. No. 7,435,411 B2, CN101418264 and US 20050008619 describe the use of a composition containing  Paecilomyces lilacinus  for pest control in the soil; patent documents U.S. Pat. No. 5,989,543, CN101422168, DE102005024783, CN101081982, CA2059642, U.S. Pat. No. 5,360,607, U.S. Pat. No. 5,989,543, CN101518265 describe the use of  Paecilomyces lilacinus; Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, Paecilomyces lilacinus  251,  Paecilomyces lilacinus  252,  Paecilomyces lilacinus  253, and  Paecilomyces lilacinus  254; and  Paecilomyces cicadae  for nematode control and finally, in patent application MX/a/2011/004510 the use of  Paecilomyces carneus  strain IE-431 is described for the prevention and/or control and/or eradication of cyst-forming nematodes in solanaceous crops. 
     Among the highest-risk nematodes for crops are the gall-inducer nematodes of genus  Meloidogyne  spp., among others; root-lesion and root-borers, which are migratory endoparasites, including nematodes of genera  Ditylenchus  spp.,  Pratylenchus  spp. and  Radopholus  spp., among others; and migratory and sedentary endoparasites, including nematodes of genera  Helicotylenchus  spp.,  Criconemoides  spp., and  Xiphinema  spp., among others. The main crops affected by said nematodes are shown in Table 1: 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Crops affected by nematodes 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Common 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 name 
                 Scientific name 
                 
                   Meloidogyne 
                 
                 
                   Pratylenchus 
                 
                 
                   Helicotylenchus 
                 
                 
                   Criconemoides 
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Swiss chard 
                 
                   Beta vulgaris 
                 
                   
                   
                   
                 X 
               
               
                 Agave 
                 
                   Agave atrovirens 
                 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
               
               
                 Avocado 
                 
                   Persea americana 
                 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
               
               
                 Garlic 
                 
                   Allium sativum 
                 
                   
                 X 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Alfalfa 
                 
                   Medicago sativa 
                 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                   
               
               
                 Cotton 
                 
                   Gossypium 
                 
                 X 
                 X 
                   
                 X 
               
               
                   
                 
                   hirsutum 
                 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Sugar-apple 
                   Anona  spp. 
                   
                   
                 X 
                 X 
               
               
                 Rubber tree 
                 
                   Hevea brasiliensis 
                 
                   
                   
                 X 
                   
               
               
                 Rice 
                 
                   Oryza sativa 
                 
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                   
               
               
                 Oat 
                 
                   Avena sativa 
                 
                   
                 X 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Bamboo 
                   Bambusa  spp. 
                   
                   
                 X 
                   
               
               
                 Begonia 
                   Begonia  spp. 
                 X 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Eggplant 
                 
                   Solanum 
                 
                 X 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 
                   melongena 
                 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Peanut 
                 
                   Arachis hypogea 
                 
                 X 
                   
                 X 
                 X 
               
               
                 Coffee 
                   Coffea ar á bica   
                 X 
                   
                 X 
                   
               
               
                 Cocoa 
                 
                   Theobroma cacao 
                 
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                   
               
               
                 Zucchini 
                 
                   Cucurbita pepo 
                 
                 X 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 She-oak 
                   Casuarina  spp. 
                   
                   
                 X 
                   
               
               
                 
                   Camellia 
                 
                   Camelia  spp. 
                 X 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Sweet potato 
                 
                   Ipomea batatas 
                 
                 X 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Cinammon 
                 
                   Cinnamomum zeylanicum 
                 
                   
                   
                 X 
                   
               
               
                 Sugar cane 
                 
                   Sacharum officinarum 
                 
                 X 
                 X 
                   
                 X 
               
               
                 Safflower 
                 
                   Carthamus tinctorius 
                 
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                   
               
               
                 White onion 
                 
                   Allium cepa 
                 
                 X 
                 X 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Cedar 
                   Chamaecyparis  spp. 
                 X 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   Citrus  plants 
                   Citrus  spp. 
                 X 
                   
                 X 
                 X 
               
               
                 Coconut tree 
                 
                   Cocos nucifera 
                 
                   
                   
                 X 
                   
               
               
                 Cauliflower 
                   Brassica oleracea  var.  Botrytis   
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
               
               
                 Carnation 
                 
                   Dianthus caryophyllus 
                 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                   
               
               
                 
                   Chrysanthemum 
                 
                 
                   Chrysantemum morifolium 
                 
                 X 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Chayote 
                 
                   Sechium edule 
                 
                 X 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Chili 
                 
                   Capsicum annum 
                 
                 X 
                 X 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Peach 
                 
                   Prunus persica 
                 
                 X 
                 X 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Epazote 
                 
                   Chenopodium ambrisioides 
                 
                 X 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Spinach 
                 
                   Spinacea oleracea 
                 
                   
                   
                   
                 X 
               
               
                 Loofah 
                 
                   Lufa cylindrica 
                 
                 X 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Strawberry 
                   Fragaria  spp. 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                   
               
               
                 White ash 
                 
                   Fraxinus americana 
                 
                 X 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Bean 
                 
                   Phaseolus vulgaris 
                 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                   
               
               
                 
                   Gardenia 
                 
                 
                   Gardenia jasminoides 
                 
                 X 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Chickpea 
                 
                   Cicer arietium 
                 
                 X 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Gladiolus 
                   Gladiolus  spp. 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Guava 
                   Psidium guajava  spp. 
                 X 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Broad bean 
                 
                   Vicia faba 
                 
                 X 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Fig 
                 
                   Ficus carica 
                 
                   
                   
                 X 
                   
               
               
                 Mexican Yam 
                 
                   Pachirizus angulatus 
                 
                 X 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Lettuce 
                 
                   Lactuca sativa 
                 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                   
               
               
                 Lemmon 
                   Citrus lim {acute over ( o )} n   
                   
                   
                   
                 X 
               
               
                 Maize 
                 
                   Zea mays 
                 
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
               
               
                 Apple tree 
                   Malus  spp. 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                   
               
               
                 Mango 
                 
                   Manguifera indica 
                 
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
               
               
                 Daisy 
                   Aster  spp. 
                 X 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Shasta Daisy 
                   Chrysantemum m {acute over ( a )} ximum   
                 X 
                 X 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Melon 
                 
                   Cucumis melo 
                 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
               
               
                 Mint 
                 
                   Mentha piperita 
                 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                   
               
               
                 Yam 
                   Dioscorea  spp. 
                   
                 X 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Walnut tree 
                 
                   Juglans regia 
                 
                 X 
                   
                 X 
                 X 
               
               
                 Prickly pear 
                   Opuntia  spp. 
                   
                   
                 X 
                 X 
               
               
                 Okra 
                 
                   Abelmoschus esculentus 
                 
                 X 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Papaya 
                 
                   Carica papaya 
                 
                 X 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Potato 
                 
                   Solanum tuberosum 
                 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                   
               
               
                 Barnyard grass 
                   Echinocloa  spp. 
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                   
               
               
                 Cucumber 
                 
                   Cucumis sativus 
                 
                 X 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Banana 
                   Musa  spp. 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                   
               
               
                 Jamaica pepper 
                 
                   Pimenta dioica 
                 
                   
                   
                 X 
                   
               
               
                 Pine 
                   Pinus  spp 
                   
                 X 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Mexican mountain pine 
                 
                   Pinus hartwegii 
                 
                 X 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Pineapple 
                 
                   Ananas comunus 
                 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
               
               
                 Pummelo 
                 
                   Citrus maxima 
                 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Watermelon 
                 
                   Citrullus lanatus 
                 
                 X 
                   
                 X 
                   
               
               
                 White willow 
                 
                   Salix alba 
                 
                 X 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 
                   Sorghum 
                 
                 
                   Sorghum vulgare 
                 
                   
                 X 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Soy 
                 
                   Glycine max 
                 
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                   
               
               
                 Tobacco 
                 
                   Nicotiana tabacum 
                 
                   
                   
                 X 
                 X 
               
               
                 Tomato 
                 
                   Lycopersicon esculentum 
                 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                   
               
               
                 Ground cherry 
                   Physalis  spp. 
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                   
               
               
                 Common wheat 
                 
                   Triticum aestivum 
                 
                   
                 X 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Trigo 
                 Buckwheat 
                 X 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Vine 
                 
                   Vitis vinifera 
                 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                   
               
               
                 Madagascar periwinkle 
                 
                   Vinca rosea 
                 
                 X 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 African violet 
                   Saint paulina  spp. 
                 X 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Carrot 
                 
                   Daucus carota 
                 
                 X 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Common 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 name 
                 Scientific name 
                 
                   Radopholus 
                 
                 
                   Hoplolaimus 
                 
                 
                   Xiphinema 
                 
                 
                   Ditylenchus 
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Swiss chard 
                 
                   Beta vulgaris 
                 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Agave 
                 
                   Agave atrovirens 
                 
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Avocado 
                 
                   Persea americana 
                 
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
               
               
                   
                 Garlic 
                 
                   Allium sativum 
                 
                   
                   
                 X 
                 X 
               
               
                   
                 Alfalfa 
                 
                   Medicago sativa 
                 
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
               
               
                   
                 Cotton 
                 
                   Gossypium 
                 
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 
                   hirsutum 
                 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Sugar-apple 
                   Anona  spp. 
                   
                   
                 X 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Rubber tree 
                 
                   Hevea brasiliensis 
                 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Rice 
                 
                   Oryza sativa 
                 
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Oat 
                 
                   Avena sativa 
                 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Bamboo 
                   Bambusa  spp. 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Begonia 
                   Begonia  spp. 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Eggplant 
                 
                   Solanum 
                 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 
                   melongena 
                 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Peanut 
                 
                   Arachis hypogea 
                 
                   
                 X 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Coffee 
                   Coffea ar á bica   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Cocoa 
                 
                   Theobroma cacao 
                 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Zucchini 
                 
                   Cucurbita pepo 
                 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 She-oak 
                   Casuarina  spp. 
                   
                   
                 X 
                   
               
               
                   
                 
                   Camellia 
                 
                   Camelia  spp. 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Sweet potato 
                 
                   Ipomea batatas 
                 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Cinammon 
                 
                   Cinnamomum zeylanicum 
                 
                   
                   
                 X 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Sugar cane 
                 
                   Sacharum officinarum 
                 
                   
                   
                 X 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Safflower 
                 
                   Carthamus tinctorius 
                 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 White onion 
                 
                   Allium cepa 
                 
                   
                   
                   
                 X 
               
               
                   
                 Cedar 
                   Chamaecyparis  spp. 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   Citrus  plants 
                   Citrus  spp. 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
               
               
                   
                 Coconut tree 
                 
                   Cocos nucifera 
                 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Cauliflower 
                   Brassica oleracea  var.  Botrytis   
                   
                   
                 X 
                 X 
               
               
                   
                 Carnation 
                 
                   Dianthus caryophyllus 
                 
                   
                   
                 X 
                   
               
               
                   
                 
                   Chrysanthemum 
                 
                 
                   Chrysantemum morifolium 
                 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Chayote 
                 
                   Sechium edule 
                 
                   
                 X 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Chili 
                 
                   Capsicum annum 
                 
                   
                   
                 X 
                 X 
               
               
                   
                 Peach 
                 
                   Prunus persica 
                 
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
               
               
                   
                 Epazote 
                 
                   Chenopodium ambrisioides 
                 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Spinach 
                 
                   Spinacea oleracea 
                 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Loofah 
                 
                   Lufa cylindrica 
                 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Strawberry 
                   Fragaria  spp. 
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
               
               
                   
                 White ash 
                 
                   Fraxinus americana 
                 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Bean 
                 
                   Phaseolus vulgaris 
                 
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                   
               
               
                   
                 
                   Gardenia 
                 
                 
                   Gardenia jasminoides 
                 
                   
                   
                   
                 X 
               
               
                   
                 Chickpea 
                 
                   Cicer arietium 
                 
                   
                 X 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Gladiolus 
                   Gladiolus  spp. 
                   
                   
                   
                 X 
               
               
                   
                 Guava 
                   Psidium guajava  spp. 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Broad bean 
                 
                   Vicia faba 
                 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Fig 
                 
                   Ficus carica 
                 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Mexican Yam 
                 
                   Pachirizus angulatus 
                 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Lettuce 
                 
                   Lactuca sativa 
                 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Lemmon 
                 
                   Citrus limon 
                 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Maize 
                 
                   Zea mays 
                 
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
               
               
                   
                 Apple tree 
                   Malus  spp. 
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Mango 
                 
                   Manguifera indica 
                 
                   
                   
                 X 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Daisy 
                   Aster  spp. 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Shasta Daisy 
                 
                   Chrysantemum maximum 
                 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Melon 
                 
                   Cucumis melo 
                 
                   
                   
                 X 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Mint 
                 
                   Mentha piperita 
                 
                   
                 X 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Yam 
                   Dioscorea  spp. 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Walnut tree 
                 
                   Juglans regia 
                 
                   
                   
                 X 
                 X 
               
               
                   
                 Prickly pear 
                   Opuntia  spp. 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Okra 
                 
                   Abelmoschus esculentus 
                 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Papaya 
                 
                   Carica papaya 
                 
                   
                   
                 X 
                 X 
               
               
                   
                 Potato 
                 
                   Solanum tuberosum 
                 
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
               
               
                   
                 Barnyard grass 
                   Echinocloa  spp. 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
               
               
                   
                 Cucumber 
                 
                   Cucumis sativus 
                 
                   
                   
                 X 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Banana 
                   Musa  spp. 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Jamaica pepper 
                 
                   Pimenta dioica 
                 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Pine 
                   Pinus  spp 
                   
                 X 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Mexican mountain pine 
                 
                   Pinus hartwegii 
                 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Pineapple 
                 
                   Ananas comunus 
                 
                   
                   
                 X 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Pummelo 
                 
                   Citrus maxima 
                 
                 X 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Watermelon 
                 
                   Citrullus lanatus 
                 
                   
                   
                 X 
                   
               
               
                   
                 White willow 
                 
                   Salix alba 
                 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 
                   Sorghum 
                 
                 
                   Sorghum vulgare 
                 
                   
                 X 
                   
                 X 
               
               
                   
                 Soy 
                 
                   Glycine max 
                 
                   
                   
                 X 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Tobacco 
                 
                   Nicotiana tabacum 
                 
                   
                   
                 X 
                 X 
               
               
                   
                 Tomato 
                 
                   Lycopersicon esculentum 
                 
                   
                   
                 X 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Ground cherry 
                   Physalis  spp. 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Common wheat 
                 
                   Triticum aestivum 
                 
                   
                   
                 X 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Trigo 
                 Buckwheat 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Vine 
                 
                   Vitis vinifera 
                 
                   
                   
                 X 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Madagascar periwinkle 
                 
                   Vinca rosea 
                 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 African violet 
                   Saint paulina  spp. 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Carrot 
                 
                   Daucus carota 
                 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Sedentary endoparasitic nematodes are those that deform the roots of different crops due to inducing the overgrowth of the cells in the feeding site within which causes root galls ( Meloidogyne  spp.). 
     Migratory endoparasitic nematodes completely penetrate in the root of its host, traveling through the cortex and feeding on the cytoplasm of the cells, thus causing extensive destruction of tissues, and causing atrophy in the radicular system of plants ( Ditylenchus  spp.,  Pratylenchus  spp., and  Radopholus  spp., among others). 
     Semiendoparasitic nematodes are deeply affixed to the host plant, leaving part of the body exposed to the outside. The juvenile are released to soil when hatching out, and subsequently they affix to the root of the plant ( Heterodera  spp., and  Punctodera  spp., among others). 
     Sedentary ectoparasitic nematodes only introduce the cephalic part of their body in the host plant, and usually do not become detached, except for reproduction. They oviposit directly in the soil ( Helicotylenchus  spp.,  Tylenchorhinchus  spp., and  Criconemoides  spp., among others). 
     Migratory ectoparasites feed on a specific place during a short time and only introduce the stylet in the root of the plant. Some induce the formation of syncytia; a multi-nucleated hyperplastic cell where the nematode feeds ( Xiphinema  spp.,  Longidorus  spp., and  Trichodorus  spp., among others). 
     Agriculture is the most important productive sector on most of the countries, where has a significant place in employment generation, the overall increase in agricultural incomes is a necessary condition for stimulating the growth of the entire economy, including non-agricultural sectors that sell their products and services to the rural population. 
     Mexico has a national territory of 198 million hectares, of which 145 million are dedicated to livestock, this is why agriculture represents an important productive sector, with a contribution of 4% to the national gross domestic product, is a core activity in rural areas, in which a highly significant part of the national population still inhabits. 
     The climatic differences between different regions of the world and even between regions in each country are significant in terms of climate and ecosystem, so pest control in crops in those regions is vital for farmers to be competitive nationally and internationally. 
     Therefore, it is necessary to have a method for pest control that works in different conditions of the soil and ambient, which also do not affect the quality of the product or the health of producers and/or consumers; in the present invention is disclosed the use of a fungus for nematode control, with outstanding efficacy and efficiency and inexpensive. 
     OBJECT OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to the use of the biologically pure strain  Paecilomyces carneus , as well as compositions, methods and use for the prevention and/or control and/or eradication of phytoparasitic nematodes, migratory and sedentary endoparasites belonging to families Anguinidae, Aphelenchidae, Aphelenchoididae, Criconematidae, Dolichodoridae, Hemicycliophoridae, Heteroderidae, Hoplolaimidae, Iotonchidae, Neotylenchidae, Pratylenchidae, Sphaerulariidae, Tilenchidae, and Tylenchulidae: Suborder Tylenchina; Longidoridae: Suborder Dorylaimina; Trichodoridae: Suborder Diphtherophorina, that infect and/or infest crops in order to obtain safe quality products for animal and human consumption. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1 .  Meloidogyne  spp. parasitized by  Paecilomyces carneus  strain IE-431. 
         FIG. 2 . Development of  Paecilomyces carneus  strain 418 over  Pratylenchus  spp. at 72 hrs. 
         FIG. 3 . Development of  Paecilomyces carneus  strain 418 over  Pratylenchus  spp. at 120 hrs. 
         FIG. 4 . Pathoenicity plot for  Paecilomyces carneus  strain 418 over  Hoplolaimus  spp. 
         FIG. 5 . Pathoenicity plot for  Paecilomyces carneus  strain 418 over  Criconemoides  spp. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to the use and application of one or more cells of  Paecilomyces carneus  for the control and/or prevention and/or eradication of phytoparasitic nematodes from the groups of migratory endoparasites and/or sedentary endoparasites of the families Anguinidae, Aphelenchidae, Aphelenchoididae, Criconematidae, Dolichodoridae, Hemicycliophoridae, Heteroderidae, Hoplolaimidae, Iotonchidae, Neotylenchidae, Pratylenchidae, Sphaerulariidae, Tilenchidae, and Tylenchulidae: Suborder Tylenchina; Longidoridae: Suborder Dorylaimina; Trichodoridae: Suborder Diphtherophorina, that infect and/or infest cropland. 
     The  Paecilomyces carneus  strains IE-412, IE-416, IE-418, IE-419, IE-431, IE-451, and IE-452 are deposited, preserved and stored in the ceparium of fungi of the Instituto de Ecologia A.C. (INECOL), production and/or isolation and/or preservation of such strains is performed by breeding them on a solid culture medium consisting of at least one source of nitrogen and/or at least one carbon source and/or one or more mineral salts and/or at least a suitable carrier and/or at least one antibiotic agent and/or at least one growth promoting agent. The incubation temperature of the fungus in the culture medium is about 13-37° C. 
     Propagation and reproduction of the fungus consist in the inoculation of cells in compositions of solid or liquid mediums comprising one or more amino-acids, and/or one or more long-chain carbohydrates, and/or one or more mineral salts, and/or one or more vehicles, and/or one or more antibiotic agents, and/or one or more buffers in sufficient quantities. The culture is fixed or static and with uninterrupted oxygenation in a percentage between 40% and 90% of oxygen content to allow the optimum development of the fungus  Paecilomyces carneus.    
     The mechanism of action of  Paecilomyces carneus  is characterized by the production of specific enzymes that allow it to degrade the cuticle and penetrate to the interior of the nematode in any of its stages (juvenile and adult eggs, among others), where it grows and reproduces until causing the death of the different taxonomic groups of phytoparasitic nematodes. 
     The 1E-418 strain of  Paecilomyces carneus  is characterized by having the DNA nucleotide sequence coded as follows: 
     
       
         
               
             
           
               
                 GGGATCATTACCGAGTTTACAACTCCCAAACCCCCTGTGAACTTATACCA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TTTACTGTTGCTTCGGCGGGTCACGGCCCCGGGGAAGGACAGCGGTCGCC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GTCAGGCCTCAGCTGCCCGCCCCCGGAAACAGGCGCCCGCCGGGGAACTC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AAACTCTTCTGTATTTCTTTATCTAATATATACTGTCTGAGTAAAAACTA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AAATGAATCAAAACTTTCAACAACGGATCTCTTGGTTCTGGCATCGATGA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AGAACGCAGCGAAATGCGATAAGTAATGTGAATTGCAGAATTCAGTGAAT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CATCGAATCTTTGAACGCACATTGCGCCCGCCAGTATTCTGGCGGGCATG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CCTGTTCGAGCGTCATTTCAACCCTCAAGTCCCCTGTGGACTCGGTGTTG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GGGACCGGCGAGACAGCCGCGGATCTTCTTCCGCAGCGAGTCGCCGCCCC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CCAAATGACTTGGCGGCCTCGTCGCGGCCCTCCTCTGCGTAGTATAGCAC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ACCTCGCAACAGGAGCCCGGCGAATGGCCACTGCCGTAAAACCCCCCAAC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TTTTTCAGAGTTGACCTCGAATCAGGTAGGAATACCCGCTGAACTTAAGC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ATATCA (SEQ ID NO: 1). 
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The IE-418 strain of  Paecilomyces carneus  has the following structural features: 
     Mycelium with radial growth, upright conidiophores, in PDA grows 12 mm in 10 days, white hairy dusty mycelium, in EMA grows from 9 to 11 mm in ten days. In both media it stains dark green 29F8 the back of the culture medium plate according to the 1961&#39;s Farver i Farver color chart from Wanscher and Kornerup. White mycelium, filamentous dusty texture. In oatmeal agar (OA) it grows from 18 to 20 mm in ten days. Mycelium with dusty texture due to the sporulation, which turns from white to slightly pinkish 7A2 in OA in a time greater than 55 days after inoculation. It stains slightly the culture medium in the back of the case with grayish yellow 3C3 or 3C4 irregularly after 35 days, and in the oldest parts with olive green 3E7. Bottle-shaped conidiogenic cells, tapering towards the tip in a very thin neck, monophialidic, or in well-defined verticillia of 2-5 cells, although groups of three cells predominate, with a minimum length of: 7.2-8.8 μm; the more frequent length is: 9.6-10.4 μm and the greater length is between: 11-14.4 μm. The width is 1.6-2.4 μm. Subglobose conidia, ellipsoidal to spheric, equinulated, arranged in chains. The spores are 2.4-4.0 μm long and 1.6-2.4 μm. width. In 5 mm discs, the sporulation is 25×10 6  spores. 
     The IE-418 strain from  Paecilomyces carneus  product of the present invention, is characterized by having the ability to infect and/or infest phytoparasitic nematodes from groups of: migratory endoparasites, and/or sedentary endoparasites, and/or semiendoparasites, and/or migratory ectoparasites, and/or sedentary ectoparasites from the classification according to the molecular analysis proposed by De Ley P. and Blaxter. M. in 2004, from the following families: Anguinidae, and/or Aphelenchidae, and/or Aphelenchoididae, and/or Criconematidae, and/or Dolichodoridae, and/or Hemicycliophoridae, and/or Heteroderidae, and/or Hoplolaimidae, and/or Iotonchidae, and/or Neotylenchidae, and/or Pratylenchidae, and/or Sphaerulariidae, and/or Tilenchidae, and/or Tylenchulidae: Suborder Tylenchina; and/or Longidoridae: Suborder Dorylaimina; and/or Trichodoridae: Suborder Diphtherophorina. 
     During the investigation of the use and application of the IE-431 strain of  Paecilomyces carneus  in the control, and/or prevention, and/or eradication of phytoparasitic nematodes, migratory and sedentary endoparasites, semiendoparasites, and migratory and sedentary ectoparasites it was established that said strain, even when infects such nematodes, requires at least 15 days for the infection without controlling and/or eradicating the nematodes, except in the case of  Meloidogyne  spp. Surprisingly and unexpectedly it was found that the IE-418 strain of  Paecilomyces carneus  infests and/or infects the phytoparasitic nematodes in less than 72 hours, controlling and eradicating the above-mentioned families of nematodes. 
     A first stage of evaluation of the effectiveness and efficiency of the IE-418 strain of  Paecilomyces carneus , was carried out placing cells (conidiospores, and/or blastospores, and/or hyphal fragments) in a suspension of  Paecilomyces carneus  IE-418 in contact with migratory and sedentary endoparasitic nematodes, semiendoparasites and migratory and sedentary ectoparasites, among which are:  Meloidogyne  spp.,  Pratylenchus  spp.,  Radopholus  spp.,  Helicotylenchus  spp.,  Criconemoides  spp.;  Hoplolaimus  spp.;  Xiphinema  spp. and, separately the same nematodes were placed in contact with  Paecilomyces carneus  strain IE-431. 
     The results of this first stage for the IE-431 strain of  Paecilomyces carneus  were the following: 
     1. The viability of the juvenile and adult egg masses of nematodes of genus  Meloidogyne  spp. is reduced. 
     2. At 24 hours after being brought into contact, the fungus germinated and penetrated to the host. 
     3. At 72 hours the mycelium was found in development both inside and outside of the egg masses and females of  Meloidogyne  spp. 
     4. At 120 hours the fungus completely invaded the whole egg mass and the interior of the females of  Meloidogyne  spp. ( FIG. 1 ). 
     The results of this first stage for the IE-431 strain of  Paecilomyces carneus  with  Pratylenchus  spp.,  Hoplolaimus  spp., and  Criconemoides  spp. were the following: 
     1. At 120 hours after being brought into contact, some fungal spores germinating on the cuticle of the nematode were seen. 
     2. At 15 days, the mycelium had an incipient development outside the nematode, so it is not possible to control or to eradicate the same. 
     The results of this first stage for the IE-431 strain of  Paecilomyces carneus  were the following: 
     1. At 48 hours after being brought into contact, the fungus germinated and penetrated to the nematode. 
     2. From 72 ( FIG. 2 ) to 120 hours ( FIG. 3 ) the mycelium was found in development both inside and outside the nematode, which indicates the potential for control and/or eradication thereof. 
     In a second stage, it was carried out the assessment of pathogenicity expressed as % mortality for IE-418 strain of  Paecilomyces carneus  in contact with ectoparasitic nematodes ( FIG. 4 ): 
     1. 2% mortality was obtained in individuals of  Hoplolaimus  spp. at 24 hours of exposition to  Paecilomyces carneus  IE-418. 
     2. At 24 hrs of exposition to the fungus a 68% mortality was found for  Hoplolaimus  spp. At 120 hrs of exposition to the fungus a 78% mortality was found for individuals of 
     3 . Hoplolaimus  spp. 
     4. On the contrary, in the blank treatment it was found only 26% individuals of  Hoplolaimus  spp. dead at 120 h after the start of the experiment. 
     In the assessment of pathogenicity expressed as mortality for IE-418 strain of  Paecilomyces carneus  in contact with  Criconemoides  spp. ( FIG. 5 .) 
     1. 46% mortality of individuals of  Criconemoides  spp. was obtained at 24 hrs of exposure to IE-418 strain of  Paecilomyces carneus.    
     2. At 72 hrs of exposure to IE-418 strain of  Paecilomyces carneus  more than 80% individuals of  Criconemoides  spp. were found parasited with the fungus. 
     3. Finally at 120 hrs after having infected the nematodes  Criconemoides  spp. with IE-418 strain of  Paecilomyces carneus  96% individuals were found dead, and with visible sporulation. 
     4. On the contrary, in blank treatment, it was not seen evidence of mycelium and only a 16.6% mortality was found. 
     In a third stage, the application procedure of  Paecilomyces carneus  was combined with crop rotation and application of  Beauveria bassiana  and  Lecanicillium lecanii  for combating in parallel other existing crop pests such as: thrips (Order Thysanoptera), whitefly (Order Hemiptera), greenfly  Aphis  spp. (Order Hemiptera) (which may affect the plant since its early stages, which significantly affect production), and the chafer,  Macrodactylus  spp. (Order Coleoptera), which is an omnivorous insect and can destroy a crop in a few days; and diseases caused by Helotiales, such as  Botrytis fabae  (chocolate spot disease), and/or  B. cinerea  (grey rot), and/or diseases caused by Uredinales, such as  Uromyces  spp., and/or  Puccinia  spp., and/or  Tranzschelia  spp. (rusts), which producers of various crops can no longer control with chemicals sold in the market. 
     For the prevention, and/or control, and/or eradication of nematodes and also said pests and diseases,  Lecanicillium lecanii  was used in early stages of plant growing, applied separately or in combination with  Paecilomyces carneus  in the soil. 
     Surprisingly, the results obtained were the significant reduction of thrips, whitefly and greenfly pests, and an almost complete reduction of chocolate spots. With regard to the rust, the crop remains clean until the production of sheaths and filling thereof in the case of broad bean, i.e., when the seed is ripe and ready to be harvested. 
     Additionally,  Beauveria bassiana  was applied for the control of  Macrodactylus  spp. In 2 or more days such pest starts to die and diminish significantly the culture damage. To obtain better results, the fungus  Beauveria bassiana  is applied during farm work to affect before the larval stage and thus reduce the population. 
     The results obtained were an increment in the yield of wide bean plants in plots treated with biological control, in comparison with plots with chemical control (50% less sheaths) and the blank plot. 
     Therefore, the strain IE-418 of  Paecilomyces carneus  is characterized by reducing the nematode population since the first application with total efficacy reached in three to five days for nematodes of Families Anguinidae, and/or Aphelenchidae, and/or Aphelenchoididae, and/or Hemicycliophoridae, and/or Heteroderidae, and/or Hoplolaimidae, and/or Iotonchidae, and/or Neotylenchidae, and/or Pratylenchidae, and/or Sphaerulariidae, and/or Tilenchidae, and/or Tylenchulidae: Suborder Tylenchina; and/or Longidoridae: Suborder Dorylaimina; and/or Trichodoridae: Suborder Diphtherophorina. However, the strain IE-431 fails to carry out its nematicide action in most of the above-mentioned phytoparasitic nematodes, but it is extremely effective and specific in endoparasitic and/or semiendoparasitic nematodes of Family Heteroderidae. 
     The present invention discloses a method for isolation, and/or preservation, and/or massive reproduction of  Paecilomyces carneus , as well as the use, and/or application thereof for the control, and/or prevention, and/or eradication of nematodes infecting and/or infesting areas for cultivation of Swiss chard, agave, avocado, garlic, alfalfa, cotton, sugar-apple, rubber tree, myrtle, rice, oat, baricoco, bamboo, begonia, egg plant, broccoli, peanut, coffee, cocoa, star apple, zucchini, pumpkin, courgette, bitter berry, she-oak, camellia, sweet potato, cinnamon, sugar cane, starfruit, apricot, safflower, barley, onion, cedar, citron, plumb, citrus plants, coconut tree, cabbage, cauliflower, carnation, chrysanthemum, ice-cream bean, chicozapote, pea, chili, peach, epazote, spihach, loofah, raspberry, strawberry, ash, bean, gardenia, chick pea, gladiolus, pomegranate, guava, wide bean, fig, Mexican yam, lettuce, lime, lemon, maize, mamee, tangerine, apple tree, mango, daisy, shasta daisy, melon, quince, mint, blackberry, yam, orange, nectarine, walnut tree, prickly pear, okra, papaya, potato, barnyard grass, cucumber, pear, banana, pepper, pine, pineapple, dragon fruit, pummelo, watermelon, white willow, satsuma, sorghum, soy, tobacco, tomato, ground cherry, grapefruit, wheat, vine, Madagascar periwinkle, African violet, carrot, yellow mombin, yellow chapote, cherimoya, soursop, paradise plum, cashew tree, melon, loquat, cucumber, persimmon, rose apple, watermelon, yellow sapote, white sapote, black sapote, sugar apple, between other crops in which this type of parasite spreads. 
     The compositions with cells of  Paecilomyces carneus  can be developed for application in the form of suspension, granules, powder, lyophilized, pellets, controlled release forms, ecological pump, gels, jellies, pastes, capsules, immobilized cells, emulsion, micro-emulsion, solution, and/or combinations thereof. 
     EXAMPLES 
     Nematicide compositions of  Paecilomyces carneus  obtained are provided below in a descriptive and not restrictive way: 
     Example 1: Composition 1 of  Paecilomyces carneus  Strain 418 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 COMPONENT 
                 AMOUNT 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                   Paecilomyces carneus  cells 
                 0.5 × 10 7  cells/mL 
               
               
                   
                 Carrot juice 
                 80-100 mL 
               
               
                   
                 Yeast 
                 0.1-5.0 g/L 
               
               
                   
                 Ampicillin 
                 500 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Water 
                 q.s. 1000 mL 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Example 2: Composition 2 of  Paecilomyces carneus  Strain 418 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 COMPONENT 
                 AMOUNT 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                   Paecilomyces carneus  cells 
                 0.5 × 10 7  cells/mL 
               
               
                   
                 Oat 
                   20-50 g/L 
               
               
                   
                 Yeast 
                 0.1-5.0 g/L 
               
               
                   
                 Chloramphenicol 
                 1000 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Water 
                 q.s. 1000 mL 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Example 3: Composition 3 of  Paecilomyces carneus  Strain 418 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 COMPONENT 
                 AMOUNT 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                   Paecilomyces carneus  cells 
                 0.5 × 10 7  cells/mL 
               
               
                   
                 Oat 
                    5-25 g/L 
               
               
                   
                 Yeast 
                 0.1-5.0 g/L 
               
               
                   
                 Chloramphenicol 
                 1000 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Water 
                 q.s. 1000 mL 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Example 4: Composition 4 for Isolation and Preservation of  Paecilomyces carneus  Strain IE-418 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 COMPONENT 
                 AMOUNT 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                   Paecilomyces carneus  cells 
                 0.5 × 10 7  cells/mL 
               
               
                   
                 Carrot 
                 50-160 g/L 
               
               
                   
                 Potato 
                  20-50 g/L 
               
               
                   
                 Chloramphenicol 
                 1000 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Water 
                 q.s. 1000 mL 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Example 5: Composition 5 for Isolation and Preservation of  Paecilomyces carneus  Strain IE-418 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 COMPONENT 
                 AMOUNT 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                   Paecilomyces carneus  cells 
                 0.5 × 10 7  cells/mL 
               
               
                   
                 Rye 
                 15-50 g/L 
               
               
                   
                 Chloramphenicol 
                 1000 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Water 
                 q.s. 1000 mL 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The application method of one or more compositions of  Paecilomyces carneus  generally consists in: 
     One or more applications of the composition(s) of  Paecilomyces carneus  to the soil at least 10 days prior to sowing for disinfecting it. The number of applications depends on the species of the phytoparasitic nematodes and its population density. 
     In the case of crops whose sowing is carried out from tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, corms, among others, the application consists in immerse them in the composition(s) for at least one hour before the sowing. 
     For the transplantation of shrub and/or tree crops, the application is performed directly to the root of the plant and/or to the soil where they will be sown. 
     In the case of crops planted by seeds, the composition(s) are applied in the furrow before laying the seed and/or directly in the seed shortly before sowing. 
     Optionally and without limitations, the application of the composition(s) is performed after sowing and/or during the growing of the crop. 
     During and/or after the harvest, and/or during the culture rotation period, and/or the soil rest the application of the composition(s) is done to the soil in order to prevent new infestations and/or control and/or eradicate the phytoparasitic nematodes population remaining. This practice prepares the soil for the next growing cycle. 
     Complementarily, it can be added to said composition one or more biological agents for nematode control, selected from the following:  Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus thuringiensis  ATCC 55273,  Bacillus firmus  CNCMI-1582 , Sphingobacterium  strain  spiritivorum, Corynobacterium paurometabolum, Arthrobotrys  spp.,  Pasteuria penetrans  98-35 , Streptomyces dicklowii, Stevia rebaudiana, Streptomyces rubrogriseus, Pochonia chlamydosporia, Monacrosporium ullum, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Verticillium chlamydosporium  CC 334168,  Bacillus subtillis  No. DSM17231, and/or  Bacillus licheniformis  DSM 17236,  Verticillium chlamydosporium, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, Paecilomyces lilacinus  251,  Paecilomyces lilacinus  252 , Paecilomyces lilacinus  253, and  Paecilomyces lilacinus  254,  Rhizoctonia solani  AG-4,  Fusarium oxysporum, Pythium  sp.,  Phytophthora nicotiana, Verticillium dahliae, Paecilomyces cicadae, Sphingobacterium spiitivorum  C-926, and/or  Corynebacterium paurometabolum  C-924  Paecilomyces carneus  strain IE-431, and/or  Beauveria bassiana , and/or  Lecanicillium lecanii , and/or  Calcarisporium  spp., and/or combinations thereof. 
     In a comprehensive manner, the present invention provides the following advantages: 
     1. Biological method for rational management of nematode pests in crops. 
     2. Quality improvement of soil for cultivation. 
     3. Remediation of soil damaged by chemical agents like pesticides. 
     4. Obtaining high-quality agricultural products and forestry resources. 
     5. Improvement in crop and/or forest resources yield. 
     6. Favors the provision of macro elements such as phosphorus in the soil to the plant and improves soil fertility. Its phosphate solubilization efficacy is comparable to that of  Penicillium  spp. and  Aspergillus  spp. 
     7. The eradication of phytoparasitic nematodes is seen from the first application in less time compared to other control methods. 
     8. Nematicide compositions obtained are safe for humans, plants, and animals. 
     9. It allows the combination with other control methods such as crop rotation, soil rest, among others. 
     10. Is a sustainable method of prevention, and/or control, and/or eradication of phytoparasitic nematodes, easy to manage and apply. 
     11. It is an economic and profitable method in the short, medium and long term. 
     12. The specificity is due to the production of specific enzymes that attack the phytoparasitic nematodes without affecting the free-living nematodes beneficial to the agricultural system. 
     IE-418 strain was also deposited in the Chilean Collection of Microbial Resources (CChRGM) with the access number RGM2140 Date Dec. 13, 2013

Technology Classification (CPC): 2