Patent Abstract:
The invention provides a method for automatically processing multiple used oil filters ( 3, 34 ) used for internal combustion engines for disposal, in particular for disposal in which essentially all of the residual oil is removed making the crushed canister ( 18, 18 A) and internal element a non-hazardous material and making the connector base plate ( 38 A) available for recycling as scrap steel.

Full Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION  
         [0001]    Not applicable.  
         STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT  
         [0002]    Not applicable.  
           [0003]    Reference to a “Computer Listing Appendix submitted on a Compact Disc” 
           [0004]    Not Applicable.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0005]    (1) Field of the Invention  
           [0006]    The invention relates to a method for automatically processing multiple used oil filters used for internal combustion engines for disposal, in particular for disposal in which essentially all of the residual oil is removed making the crushed canister and internal element a non-hazardous material and making the connector base plate available for recycling as scrap steel.  
           [0007]    (2) Description of Related Art  
           [0008]    Many state governments have classified used automotive and truck oil filters with substantial amounts of retained oil as a hazardous waste material causing a high disposal cost. A number of states have statutes that provide for special hazardous waste sites for landfill of these materials with substantial charges for their use. There is also a potential generator liability where filters have been disposed of without removing essentially all the retained oil.  
           [0009]    Methods have been devised for removing residual oil from used filters and for removing the base plate. However, the more common method in general use for removing the oil involves crushing the filter axially with the base plate intact. Most filters are constructed with a check valve in conjunction with the base plate preventing free flow of oil out of the filter assembly during axial crushing thus leaving a substantial amount of oil. The methods devised for removing the base plate lack the simplicity and/or ruggedness needed for an economical automatic system.  
           [0010]    The ideal location for processing used oil filters is at the service facility that removes the filter from the vehicle, in particular if the filter can be processed while it is still warm. Service facilities normally deal with more than one size of filter. This multiple size processing requirement coupled with the numerous small business locations require an economical rugged system with adaptive size processing capability.  
           [0011]    Automatic operation is needed for uniformity of processing and for labor savings. Automatic operation also facilitates the processing of warm filters as they are removed from the vehicle, as minimal operator input is required to initiate the process.  
           [0012]    U.S. Pat. No. 5,274,906 provides for shearing off the base plate and then crushing the canister and filter element normal to the filter axis. The mechanism as claimed in &#39;906 is not suitable for adapting to automatic operation, particularly where it is desired for the processed filter components to have a minimum amount of residual oil or where it is desired to separate the base plate from the canister and filter element. &#39;906 deposits the sheared connector plate and crushed canister assembly into a common receptacle where oil from subsequent cycles will drain onto previously processed filter components. It has been found that when severing filter connector plates, small pieces of the internal construction of filters are generated and it is believed that shearing plate  43  in &#39;906 will generate shaving like pieces which will collect and fill shear plate receiving slot  58  requiring on going maintenance and thus limit the utility of apparatus described.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0013]    The invention provides a method for automatically processing multiple used oil filters used for internal combustion engines for disposal, in particular for disposal in which essentially all of the residual oil is removed making the crushed canister and internal element a non-hazardous material and making the connector base plate available for recycling as scrap steel.  
           [0014]    Therefore, the present invention provides a method and apparatus for processing used oil filters for recycling where the connector plates are severed from the canister and where the canister and filter elements are crusher squeezing out waste oil. A processing or crushing zone with one stationary wall and one opposite and parallel movable wall is provided on guide-ways and with both walls having one edge in a common plane.  
           [0015]    Thus, the present invention provides an apparatus for processing multiple used oil filters for an engine using oil for lubrication by shearing a connector plate of each filter from a canister and then crushing the canister which comprises (a) a fixed wall in a frame against which a used oil filter is positioned in a crushing zone with the connector plate below the canister; (b) a movable wall mounted on the frame which is movable by a driving means to engage the filter in the crushing zone to crush the filter, and which is retracted by the driving means from the crushing zone; (c) blade means mounted adjacent to the movable wall or adjacent to the fixed wall so as to shear the connector plate from the canister as the movable wall crushes the canister against the fixed wall; (d) a floor mounted on the frame for the removal of the used oil the sheared connector plate and the crushed canister from the apparatus; and (e) a feed chute with an escapement means for individually and automatically feeding the oil filters to the crushing zone based upon the position of the movable wall wherein the retaining means holds a preceding oil filter of the multiple filters away from the crushing zone until the used oil, the crushed canister and the sheared connection plate have been removed from the crushing zone of the apparatus.  
           [0016]    The present invention further provides a process for automatically processing used oil filters of the type used in an engine which comprises (a) individually crushing the filters fed by a multiple filter feed means of an apparatus with an escapement for metering one filter at a time into a crushing zone; (b) removing a filter connector base plate from a canister of the filter in the crushing zone by a guillotine like shearing action; (c) compressing the canister of the filter with an internal filter element to a crushing pressure thereby extracting residual oil from the canister and filter element; and (d) discharging the connector plate and crushed canister filter element from the apparatus.  
           [0017]    Further still, the present invention provides an apparatus for automatically processing used oil filters of the type used in an engine comprising (a) a multiple filter feed means with an escapement for metering one filter at a time into a zone with a blade means, which removes a connector plate from a canister of the filter by a guillotine like shearing action, compression means for compressing the canister and filter element at a crushing pressure thereby extracting residual oil from the filter element, door means for selectively discharging the crushed canister, filter element and the connector plate from the apparatus.  
           [0018]    Further still, the present invention provides an apparatus for processing multiple used oil filters for an engine using oil for lubrication by shearing a connector plate of each filter from a canister and then crushing the canister which comprises (a) a fixed wall in a frame against which a used oil filter is positioned in a crushing zone with the filter axis parallel to the fixed wall; (b) a movable wall mounted on guideways of the frame which is movable by a driving means to engage the filter in the crushing zone to crush the filter, and which is retracted by the driving means from the crushing zone; (c) blade means mounted on the driving means adjacent to the movable wall and adjacent to the fixed wall so as to shear the connector plate from the canister as the movable wall crushes the canister against the fixed wall; (d) a retractable floor in said crushing zone mounted on the frame which retracts for the removal of the used oil, the sheared connector plate and the crushed canister from the apparatus; and (e) a feed chute with an escapement means for individually and automatically feeding the oil filters to the crushing zone based upon the position of the movable wall, wherein the retaining means holds a preceding oil filter of the multiple filters away from the crushing zone until the used oil, the crushed canister and the sheared connector plate have been removed from the crushing zone.  
           [0019]    Further still, the present invention provides in an apparatus for processing oil filters for an engine using oil for lubrication by shearing a connector plate from a canister with a blade means which shears the connector plate and wherein the canister is crushed between a movable wall driven by a driving means and a fixed wall, the improvement which comprises an oil pump actuated by the driving means to remove the oil from a container for delivery to a storage tank, the improvement which comprises the blade means fixed to the driving means and a spring-loaded collapsible wall which engages the canister while the blade means cuts the connector plate and then the movable wall crushes the canister.  
           [0020]    Significant features of the present invention are: (1) a retractable floor is preferably provided under the crushing zone having a horizontal surface in a first position, a retracted sloping surface in a second position and third position that is away from under the crushing zone and with said positions being in sequence with movements and positions of said movable wall. The retractable floor in the second position preferably forms a sloping surface to direct sheared off filter connector plates to a first selected location and the retractable floor in the third position is away from under said processing zone allowing processed filter canister assemblies to fall to an inclined surface directing them to a second select location.  
           [0021]    (2) An escapement is provided for escaping one filter at a time into said processing zone. A Filter loading chute for feeding filters to be processed to said escapement.  
           [0022]    (3) A driving mechanism is provided for driving the movable wall towards and away from said stationary wall, preferably having a spring-loaded attachment to the movable wall and having the spring-loaded attachment collapsing to solid upon the moving wall meeting predetermined resistance as the driving mechanism advances towards the stationary wall.  
           [0023]    (4) A shearing blade is preferably attached to the driving mechanism and positioned so the shearing plane is normal and adjacent to the walls common edge and with a shearing edge leading relative to advance motion of the driving mechanism, positioned so that the shearing edge is masked by the spring-loaded movable wall when the movable wall is not meeting resistance but is extended as driving mechanism advances and movable wall meets resistance and because of the filter where upon the movable wall spring-loading collapses, shearing edge extends into and through the processing zone creating a shearing action as said blade passes said common edge of the stationary wall. A discharge means is provided for discharging processed filter components.  
           [0024]    (5) A waste oil sump is provided for the recovered oil.  
           [0025]    (6) The process is preferably controlled by a master control system and the process cycle is automatic.  
           [0026]    (7) The filter axis in the processing zone is preferably vertical with the base plate down.  
           [0027]    (8) Preferably, a pump to pump collected waste oil to a remote location is provided on the apparatus where the pump is preferably a piston type and action is slaved off said driving mechanism motion.  
           [0028]    (9) Preferably the discharge means have paths for receiving severed base plates from a first select location and crushed filter canisters from a second select location cradles with draining provisions for holding them until a significant point in the subsequent process cycle before discharging them through diverting channels directing sheared off filter base plates to one external collection point and processed filter canisters to a second external collection point.  
           [0029]    (10) The movable wall and the stationary wall are preferably essentially parallel to each other but one or both having a shallow concave shape in the surface running parallel to and centered with the axis of a filter in the processing zone.  
           [0030]    (11) The driving mechanism preferably uses a hydraulic cylinder for the driving force and the shearing blade has a shearing edge which is a recessed vee shape.  
           [0031]    (12) Preferably, the feed chute is positioned on the centerline of the crushing zone.  
           [0032]    (13) The used filters are preferably escaped one at a time and reoriented from the feed chute slope into a vertical position on a shutter like mechanism over the crushing zone.  
           [0033]    (14) Preferably, a shutter mechanism is operated by the action of the movable wall driving means and timed to feed the used filter into the crushing zone after the preceding crushed canister and connector plate are removed from the zone.  
         OBJECTS  
         [0034]    It is the object of this invention to provide a process and apparatus for automatically processing used oil filters where the filters are placed in a feed chute having capacity for several filters and from which filters are escaped one at a time and fed into a crushing zone where the filter is supported by a an openable floor, where the filter is first clamped by an advancing of a movable wall driven by a hydraulic cylinder means positioning and holding the filter against a parallel fixed wall and where the driving means contains a shearing blade positioned to shear off a filter connector plate as the driving means with a spring-loaded attachment to the movable wall continues to advance collapsing the spring-loaded attachment exposing the blade to the filter. The shearing action continues and when the spring loading has fully collapsed, and the movable wall is solidly driven by the driving means crushing the filter canister to a crushing pressure against the stationary wall extracting the oil from the filter element and canister and where the used oil is collected in a container mounted to the apparatus.  
           [0035]    An another objective of the invention is directing the severed connector plate in one direction away from oil draining and directing the crushed filter canister in another direction to facilitate segregation of the connector plate as scrap steel.  
           [0036]    Another objective of the invention is an openable floor in the crushing zone to first open forming an incline plane to direct the discharged severed connector plates in one direction and on further opening having means for crushed canisters to go in another direction.  
           [0037]    A further objective of the invention is to hold the squeeze force on the filter canister assembly for a finite period of time to facilitate more complete draining.  
           [0038]    Still another objective of the invention is a discharge action at the start of a subsequent cycle that discharges the previously crushed filter canister and connector plate from the apparatus to separate positions for select disposal/recycle of each with the discharge action completed in a sufficiently short time so as not to drain oil from the dumping apparatus into receiving containers.  
           [0039]    It is yet another objective of the invention to provide a pumping means for pumping the used oil from the apparatus collection container to a remote used oil storage.  
           [0040]    These and other objects of the present invention will become increasingly apparent with reference to the following drawings and preferred embodiments. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0041]    [0041]FIG. 1 is a side view of the main apparatus components of this invention showing the primary structure and moving mechanisms, including a filter feed chute, filter escapement for feeding one filter at a time into a crushing zone, a movable wall driven by a hydraulic cylinder driving means, a fixed wall, an openable floor for supporting filter in the crushing zone, a piston type pump for pumping collected used oil, an enlarged view of the shearing blade with recessed vee shearing edges and a partial view of the apparatus supporting structure.  
         [0042]    [0042]FIG. 2 is a top view including the hydraulic cylinder driving means in the advanced position, spring-loaded movable wall with a concave surface in contact with a crushed filter canister, the escapement shuttle in position to receive a filter from the feed chute, the escapement shuttle actuating mechanism, the used oil pump cylinder and hydraulic cylinder driving means position indicating switches.  
         [0043]    [0043]FIG. 3 is similar to FIG. 2 except it shows the hydraulic cylinder driving means retracted and the escapement shuttle in position to escape a filter into the crushing zone.  
         [0044]    [0044]FIG. 4 is an side view of the side opposite FIG. 1 showing detail of the pivoting supporting mechanism for the retractable (openable) floor for supporting a filter in the crushing zone and showing the path of a filter being escaped into the crushing zone.  
         [0045]    [0045]FIG. 5 is similar to FIG. 4 but showing the hydraulic cylinder driving means nearing the full advance position and showing the filter connector plate nearly sheared off with the retractable floor positioned so as not to interfere with the shearing of the filter connector plate.  
         [0046]    [0046]FIG. 6 is a left end projection view of FIG. 5 showing the filter support floor in the retracted downward sloping first position, used oil draining from the crushed canister and the final shearing of the connector plate and it being directed in one direction.  
         [0047]    [0047]FIG. 7 is a view similar to FIG. 5 except the driving means is partially returned, the filter support floor is opened swung on a vertical axis providing clearance for a crushed filter canister to drop free onto a fixed sloping surface directing it in another direction.  
         [0048]    [0048]FIG. 8 shows a mechanism for receiving a crushed filter canister from the sloping surface shown in FIG. 7 and retaining it until the start of a subsequent cycle where it is discharged by the initial advance movement of the driving means via linkage.  
         [0049]    [0049]FIG. 9 is a schematic of the control functions which provide for automatic operation of the process.  
         [0050]    [0050]FIG. 10 illustrates a modification to the slide bar for actuating the escapement providing spring over travel if the escapement was not free to travel its full stroke because of a fault.  
         [0051]    [0051]FIG. 11 illustrates an improvement to the escapement means with a door incorporated on the shuttle that opens when the escapement means is adjacent to the crushing zone.  
         [0052]    [0052]FIG. 12 is a top view illustrating the actuating means for escapement means improvement of FIG. 11.  
         [0053]    [0053]FIG. 13A shows a means for centering filters in the crushing zone but prior to crushing and shearing of the connector plate comprising; fingers moving in equal distance from each side coming against a filter centering it.  
         [0054]    [0054]FIG. 13B illustrates filter centering, fingers retracted so as not to interfere with escaping a filter into the crushing zone.  
         [0055]    [0055]FIG. 13C illustrates filter centering fingers fully retracted so as not to interfere with the movable wall in the advance position.  
         [0056]    [0056]FIG. 14A illustrates an alternate filter escapement means comprising; a feed chute aligned centrally with the crushing zone and a cradle at the lower end of the feed chute adjacent to the crushing zone hinged so as to tip-up a filter on the cradle to an axis vertical position.  
         [0057]    [0057]FIG. 14B the alternate escapement means illustrating the cradle in the vertical tipped-up position actuated by the advance motion of the driving means depositing the filter being fed on a horizontal plate above the crushing zone with the plate attached to the driving means so that the horizontal plate is pulled out from under the tipped-up filter, as the driving means retracts, releasing the filter into the crushing zone.  
         [0058]    [0058]FIG. 14C is a top view of the alternate escapement means.  
         [0059]    [0059]FIG. 15 is a side view of an alternate embodiment of this invention with a moving wall solidly connected to a hydraulic cylinder driving means and an opposite wall with a spring-loaded attachment to a fixed end frame element which has a shear blade attached.  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0060]    All patents, patent applications, government publications, government regulations, and literature references cited in this specification are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. In case of conflict, the present description, including definitions, will control.  
         [0061]    Reference is made to FIG. 1 illustrating hydraulic cylinder  10  mounted to a frame comprising guideways  13  and fixed wall  11  with the frame attached to floor support  47  through brackets  27 . Hydraulic cylinder  10  powers driving means  7  mounted on guideways  13  and movable wall  8  is mounted to the driving means through a spring-loaded coupling.  
         [0062]    In FIG. 1, driving means  7  mounted on guideways  13  is returned and driving means spring-loaded attachment to movable wall  8  is fully extended. In FIG. 1 but more easily seen in FIG. 3, escapement shuttle  4  is adjacent to and in alignment with a crushing zone, formed by a fixed wall  11 , the opposite facing spring-loaded wall  8  and central to the two guideways  13 . Retractable openable floor  6  forms the bottom of the crushing zone and supports filter  3  in position  3 A in the crushing zone with the filter axis parallel to the fixed wall.  
         [0063]    The operating cycle starts with escaping a filter into the crushing zone which begins, as seen in FIG. 2, with movable wall  8  driven to its advanced position by the driving means  7 , during the previous cycle, with bearing  24  having traveled along slide bar  23  contacting collar  25  fixed to bar  23  driving bar  23  attached to lever  16 . Lever  16  and parallel levers  17  are rotated to where shuttle cradle  4  carried by parallel levers  17  is adjacent with feed chute  1  and where filter  3  moved by gravity has enter escapement shuttle  4 . Filter  3  was previously restricted from sliding down feed chute  1  by shield  15  attached to shuttle  4  when shuttle  4  was out of position to receive filter  3 . After a driving means  7  advanced dwell period, during which time, additional used oil can drain from crushed filter canister  18 , hydraulic cylinder  10  retracts driving means  7 .  
         [0064]    In FIG. 5 it can be seen that as driving means  7  retracts, cam  28  attached to driving means  7 , with notch  29 , engages pin  32  on floor  6 . As driving means  7  continues to retract, cam notch  29  bears on retractable floor pin  32  causing openable floor  6  to rotate about vertical pivot mounting  33  as can be seen in FIG. 7. This rotating action of openable floor  6  swings it on an arc creating an opening under the crushing zone and crushed filter canister  18 . During this same increment of driving means  7  retracting, spring-loaded movable wall  8  extends stripping crushed filter canister  18  off shear blade  9 .  
         [0065]    Further retraction of driving means  7  and with spring-loaded movable wall  8  fully extended, crushed canister  18  is released falling by gravity onto sloping surface  43 . Draining used oil  41  follows the curved lip  42  of surface  43  directing the flow of used oil  41  downwards into collection container  39  while inertia of moving crushed canister  18 A carries it in one direction to location  44  where it enters a discharge means (not shown) leading to an external location.  
         [0066]    During the final increment of retraction of driving means  7 , as seen in FIG. 3, sliding bearing  24  driven by ram  7  contacts collar  26  on slide bar  23  pulling bar  23  which in turn causes levers  16  and  17  to rotate counter-clockwise. Levers  17  move escapement shuttle  4  with filter  3  from a position adjacent to feed chute  1  to a position adjacent to the crushing zone. Filter  3  carried along by shuttle  4  is supported by sloping platform  19  during the later part of the transverse movement. Filter  3  is restricted from sliding axially along sloping surface  19  and out of shuttle  4  by feed chute end stop plate  5 , which is at the end of and normal to feed chute  1 , until essentially the completion of the shuttle transverse movement. End plate  5  extends towards the crushing zone (center of the machine) but ends so as to allow filter  3  in shuttle  4 , when adjacent to the crushing zone, to slide off sloping surface  19  into the crushing zone as depicted by filter  3 B. Filters in feed chute  1  are kept from advancing in feed chute  1  when shuttle  4  is not in alignment with feed chute  1  by shield plate  15  attached to shuttle  4 . With filter  3  escaped into position  3 A in the crushing zone, driving means  7  advances driven by hydraulic cylinder  10  bringing movable wall  8  into firm contact with filter in position  3 A. Driving means  7  also advances shearing blade  9 , with a recessed vee shaped cutting edge as illustrated in FIG. 1, into engagement with filter in position  3 A at essentially the top surface of filter  3 A connector plate.  
         [0067]    As shearing blade  9  engages filter  3 A, spring-loaded movable wall  8  securely holds filter  3 A against fixed wall  11 . Further advancement of driving means  7  causes the collapse of spring-loaded attachment to movable wall  8 , crushing canister  18  and severing connector plate  38  by shearing action between blade  9  and fixed wall edge  14 . During this period of driving means  7  advance, cam bar  28 , attached to driving means  7 , as seen in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, ramp  30  has engaged pin  32  attached to filter support floor  6 . Spring  36  holds pin  32  on floor  6  in contact with cam  28 . Pin  32  is camed downwards, by ramp  30 , causing floor  6 , as seen in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, to rotate about horizontal pivot mounting  34  to a downward sloping angle as seen in FIG. 6.  
         [0068]    The sloping attitude of floor  6  has two functions; first is to provide clearance for severing of filter connector plate  38  which is forced downwards as it is sheared by blade  9 ; the second function is to form an incline plane for severed connector plate  38 A to slide on in another direction to location  40 . The end of floor  6  has a curved edge, as seen in FIG. 6, which directs draining used oil  41  downwards. Inertia carries severed connector plate  38 A to location  40  where it enters a discharge means (not shown) leading to an external location.  
         [0069]    Driving means  7  completes its advance motion crushing filter canister  18  squeezing used oil from canister  18 . It has been found when crushing filter canisters normal to their axis to extract used oil, flat wall surfaces apply more pressure to the central axis portion of the canister than to areas farthest from the filter axis. A shallow concave surface in one or both of the wall surfaces, in contact with the canister while crushing, more evenly distributes the pressure on the canister for more complete used oil extraction. This concave wall surface is illustrated in FIG. 2.  
         [0070]    As driving means  7  completes its advance stroke, bearing  24  moved by driving means  7  motion contacts collar  25  fixed on slide bar  23  connected to lever  16  causing clockwise rotation of lever  16  and parallel levers  17  positioning shuttle  4  adjacent to feed chute  1  moving shield  15  away from contact with filters manually placed in feed chute  1 . Filters, in feed chute  1 , are now free to slide one filter increment down feed chute  1  placing the lead filter in shuttle  4 . The foregoing description of operation covers one complete cycle which will repeat automatically providing at the appropriate point of the automatic cycle, a filter to be processed is sensed in feed chute  1  by the logic controller in FIG. 9 through filter sensing switch  37  in FIG. 5.  
         [0071]    [0071]FIG. 9 schematic illustrates the relationship between the various control components and the operation of the used oil pump. The process automatic cycle is monitored and controlled by a programmable logic controller depicted in schematic block  58 . Electrical power is fed by a power cord to an electrical magnetic contactor, also depicted in block  58 , which is energized by manual input through operator interface  59 . The contactor in turn energizes the logic controller and the hydraulic pump drive motor  63 . Hydraulic pump  64  supplies hydraulic pressure to the solenoid operated 4-way directional valve  62 . The logic controller receives input signals at significant positions in the process cycle from drive means hydraulic cylinder  10  position indicating switches  20  and  21 . When an automatic cycle is initiated through the operator interface, the logic controller in the appropriate sequence energizes one of directional valves  62  solenoids directing hydraulic pressure to the blind end of drive means hydraulic cylinder  10  causing it to advance releasing “cylinder returned” sensing switch  20 . As drive means  7  completes its forward stroke, the “cylinder advanced” sensing switch  21  is actuated. After a squeeze dwell period, the logic controller energizes the opposite solenoid on the directional valve  62  which in turn ports hydraulic pressure to the rod end of the drive means cylinder  10  causing it to retract. When hydraulic cylinder  10  drive means advances, it also extends the used oil pump cylinder  12  piston rod connected through a mechanical coupling. The used oil pump cylinder  12  draws oil from the used oil container  39  through check valve  65 . As cylinder  10  returns, retracting pump cylinder  12  piston rod, used oil is pumped out through second check valve  66  to a remote used oil storage tank.  
         [0072]    Exception to the automatic cycle described above occurs if there is not a filter in feed chute  1  at the moment the logic controller monitors filter present switch  37 . If a filter is not present, the automatic cycle is interrupted until a filter is placed in feed chute  1  and is sensed by switch  37 .  
         [0073]    An option, to the above process and apparatus, is illustrated in FIG. 8 for receiving crushed filter canister  18 A from location  44  and holding crushed canister  18 A before it is discharged from the apparatus until the start of advance motion of driving means  7  in the subsequent cycle. This provides a holding time for residual used oil on crushed canister  18 A to drain off. Discharge cradle  55  has provisions, not illustrated, for draining. As driving means  7  starts advancing, pawl  50 , attached to driving means  7  through pawl  50  pivot point on bracket  49 , engages pin  56  on bell crank  46  rotating bell crank clockwise. Bell crank  46  pulls on link  51  through a pivoting connection. Link  51  pulling on arm  53  attached to cradle  55  pivot shaft  54  rotates cradle  55  essentially 90 degrees, to attitude illustrated by the cradle  55  in position  55 A, where crushed canister  18 A is discharged by gravity. Immediately after cradle  55  reaches its full clockwise rotation position, it begins its return to its initial position as pawl  50  travels “over center” allowing tension spring  57  to return bell crank  46  back to stop  48 . Cradle  55  discharge cycle is completed in the first portion of driving means  7  forward stroke. Pawl  50  hangs free ( 50 B) during the remaining driving means  7  forward stroke. On driving means  7  return stroke, pawl  50  is reset as it rides up over pin  56 . This optional function can be modified to also include severed filter connector plates received from location  40 . Another feature of cradle  55  discharge cycle is the relative short time period the cradle is in the discharge position to where it could drip used oil in an unwanted place.  
         [0074]    In practice, because of used oil viscosity, no oil drains off during the short period the cradle is in position  55 A. The above optional discharge cradle  55  cycle can be arranged with two diverting channels so as to discharge a crushed filter canister in one position and a severed connector plate to another position.  
         [0075]    Another option to the above process and apparatus is adding door  4 A to shuttle  4 , illustrated in FIG. 11, to assist in directing filter  3 B into the crushing zone. With this added feature, linkage actuating the shuttle transverse motion is modified, as illustrated in FIG. 12, to open shuttle door  4 A subsequent to shuttle  4  completing its traverse motion to a position adjacent to the crushing zone. Shuttle  4  traverse motion is interrupted by it coming in contact with stop  19 A at which point driving means  7  still has a short distance to travel on its return stroke. As driving means  7  completes its return stroke, bar  23  pulls on bell crank  16  arm rotating bell crank  16  counter-clockwise. Bell crank  16  is on the same axis as one parallel lever  17  but is not rotationally connected. Bell crank  16  drives link  16 A transferring motion to bell crank  16 B which is on the same axis as another parallel lever  17  but has no angular drive connection to it. Traverse motion of shuttle  4 , for this option, is driven through link  4 D connecting bell crank  16 B arm with shuttle door  4 B attached by hinge  4 C which is held closed by spring  4 E. The increment of return motion of driving means  7 , after shuttle  4  has come to rest against stop  19 A, continues the transfer of motion to link  4 D which pulls on door  4 A, overcoming spring  4 E opening Door  4 D to position  4 B. This is illustrated in FIG. 11.  
         [0076]    Opening shuttle door to position  4 B releases filter  3  and deflects filter  3 B into an axis vertical attitude as it is driven by gravity into the crushing zone. On driving means  7  forward stroke, the above apparatus motions are reversed returning shuttle  4  to its position adjacent to feed chute  1 .  
         [0077]    Still another option to the above apparatus is spring overtravel protection added to shuttle  4  transverse drive slide bar  23 , illustrated in FIG. 10. The normal forward motion of driving means  7  is limited by the thickness of a crushed canister in the crushing zone as driving means  7  stalls against the crushed canister. In event there is not a filter in the crushing zone, driving means  7  overtravels driving the escapement linkage of FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 into an overtravel position which could cause damage. Also, if escapement motions were restricted by a misaligned filter or some other malfunction, linkage driving escapement motions could be damaged. To prevent such damage, escapement drive link slide bar  23  can be modified as illustrated in FIG. 10.  
         [0078]    In normal operation, as driving means  7  advances, bearing  24  slides free on shouldered sleeve  24 A until bearing  24  contacts collar  25  fixed to bar  23 . Further motion of bearing  24  drives bar  23  actuating the escapement means but if shuttle  4  is restricted from moving a normal amount, for example, spring  23 C will compress allowing bar  23  to continue to travel sliding through bushing  23 D avoiding damage.  
         [0079]    On driving means  7  return stroke, if there is a restriction to an escapement motion, bearing  24  can continue to travel causing shouldered sleeve  24 A to slide on bar  23  compressing spring  23 B and preventing damage. springs  23 B and  23 C are preloaded providing normally required driving forces without there deflection.  
         [0080]    A further option to the above process and apparatus is a means for centering filters in the crushing zone is illustrated in FIGS. 13A, 13B and  13 C. A filter resting on floor  6  (refer to FIG. 1) in the crushing zone, is centered as driving means begins its forward stroke advancing movable wall  8 . During the first increment of movable wall  8  advance stroke but before a filter in position  3 A is griped by movable wall  8 , centering fingers  67 , under tension of spring  67 B, are released by ramps on cam bars  68 , as illustrated in FIG. 13A, to move towards each other, rotating around pivot pins  67 C, as rollers  67 A mounted on the lower side of center fingers  67  ride down the ramps on cam bar  68 , centering filter  3 A. As movable wall  8  continues to advances, centering finger rollers  67 A are engaged by perpendicular cam bar ramps  68 B which swing fingers  67  outwards to clear advancing movable wall  8 . This is illustrated in FIG. 13C. When a filter to be processed is escaped into the crushing zone, centering fingers  67  are held retracted, so not to interfere with feeding of filters, by surface  68 A of cam bars  68 . This illustrated in FIG. 13B.  
         [0081]    An alternate system for escaping filters one at a time into the crushing zone is illustrated in FIGS. 14A, 14B and  14 C. Feed chute  1  is located centrally to the crushing zone an seen in FIG. 14B. In FIG. 14A, filter  3  is held by tip-up cradle  80  and is retained from sliding further by fixed end plate  5  that is supported by bracket  72  which is fastened to fixed wall  11  with bolts  75 . FIG. 14A shows the filer escapement apparatus with driving means  7  fully retracted. When the tip-up cradle is in the retracted or load position as illustrated in FIG. 14A the cradle presses down on leaf spring excluder  78  that is fastened to feed chute  1  by rivets  79 . In this position filters can slide down the feed chute into cradle  80  and the lead filter is stopped by end plate  5 . Deck plate  74  is fastened to driving means  7  by fasteners  81  and extends toward the crushing zone flush with the face of movable wall  8 . Deck plate  74  extends aft away from the crushing zone to providing a mounting for actuator arm  76 .  
         [0082]    When driving means  7  advances, deck plate  74  also moves along over the top of the crushing zone acting as a shutter like device. As movable wall  8  spring loading collapses crushing canister  18 , deck plate  74  covers the crushing zone providing a support for the next filter. When driving means  7  advances, actuator arm  76  starts pushing bar  23  through free travel region  24 A. This free travel region delays action of lever arm  70  until deck plate  74  has covered the crushing zone. After bar  23  passes free travel region  24 A and has pushed through bearing  24 , to where bar collar  25  engages bearing  24 , lever arm  70  rotates cradle  80 , around pivot point  71 . Filter  3  in cradle  80  is raised clear of end plate  5  and when filter  3  is vertical the connector plate on filter  3  slips off of the top or end plate  5 , dropping to and resting on deck plate  74  over the crushing zone as illustrated in FIG. 14C by filter  3  in position  3 B. Filter  3 B now sitting on deck plate  74  falls into the crushing zone when deck plate  74  is retracted along with driving means  7 .  
         [0083]    When deck plate  74  retracts, space opens between fixed wall  11 , stationary stabilizer wall  73  and deck plate  74  and when deck plate  74  is even with movable wall  8 , filter  3 B, restrained from moving with deck plate  74  by the backside of end plate  5 , drops into the crushing zone. FIG. 14C, illustrates, as cradle  80  lifts, leaf spring excluder  78  raises to stop next filter  2  in feed chute  1  from advancing until cradle  80  has returned to its load position, pushing excluder  78  clear of feed chute  1  pathway.  
         [0084]    An alternate embodiment of this invention is illustrated in FIG. 15 for automatically escaping a single used oil filter from a multiple filter feed chute into a crushing zone where the filter connector plate is sheared from the filter canister, where the canister and filter element are crushed extracting retained used oil and where the sheared connector plate and crushed canister are selectively discharged from the crushing zone. In automatic operation, filter  3  is escaped from feed chute  1  and during the final increment of retraction of movable wall  7 A, filter  3  is driven, by gravity, into a crushing zone intermediate to movable wall  7 A and spring-loaded wall  8 B attached to fixed frame element  11 A, resting on crushing zone floor  6 .  
         [0085]    With filter  3  in the crushing zone, hydraulic cylinder  10  driving means advances driving movable wall  7 A towards filter  3 A forcing it against spring-loaded wall  8 B collapsing its spring loading exposing shear blade to filter  3 A with the cutting blade essentially just above the canister connector plate severing the connector from the canister. On contact of the movable wall  7 A with filter  3 A, holding it solidly against spring loaded wall  8 B, floor  6  retracts downwards driven by cam  28  as can be seen in FIGS. 4 and 5.  
         [0086]    Continued advancement of wall  7 A, completely collapses wall  8 B spring loading, shears the connector plate from filter  3 A canister and crushes the canister to a pressure extracting the used oil. Sheared connector plate  38 , as illustrated in FIG. 6 falls away, sliding on now sloping floor  6  to location  40 . After a dwell period in which movable wall  7 A maintains a crushing pressure on the canister for more complete draining, driving means  10  retracts, completely opening floor  6 , under the crushing zone by means of cam  28 , notch  29  engaging pin  32  on floor  6  and rotating floor  6  on its vertical axis  33  as cam  28  mounted to movable wall retracts. As movable wall  7 A continues retracting, wall  8 B spring loading extends striping crushed canister  18  off blade  9 . Further retraction releases crushed canister  18  where it falls to sloping surface  43  then slides to location  44 . The opening of floor  6  and the discharge of crushed canister  18  are as illustrated in FIG. 7. Other functions, not here described, of this alternate embodiment remain essentially as described in the primary embodiment above.  
         [0087]    While the present invention is described herein with reference to illustrated embodiments, it should be understood that the invention is not limited hereto. Those having ordinary skill in the art and access to the teachings herein will recognize additional modifications and embodiments within the scope thereof. Therefore, the present invention is limited only by the claims attached herein.

Technology Classification (CPC): 8