Patent Abstract:
A multilevel cell memory may use an architecture in which bits from different words are stored in the same multilevel memory cell. This may improve access time because it is not necessary to sense both cells before the word can be outputted. Therefore, the access time may be improved by removing a serial element from the access chain.

Full Description:
BACKGROUND  
         [0001]    This invention relates generally to memory devices and particularly to memory devices with a multilevel cell architecture.  
           [0002]    A multilevel cell memory is comprised of multilevel cells, each of which is able to store multiple charge states or levels. Each of the charge states is associated with a memory element bit pattern.  
           [0003]    A flash EEPROM memory cell, as well as other types of memory cells, is configurable to store multiple threshold levels (V t ). In a memory cell capable of storing two bits per cell, for example, four threshold levels (V t ) are used. Consequently, two bits are designated for each threshold level.  
           [0004]    In one embodiment, the multilevel cell may store four charge states. Level 3 maintains a higher charge than level 2, level 2 maintains a higher charge than level 1, and level 1 maintains a higher charge than level 0. A reference voltage may separate the various charge states. For example, a first voltage reference may separate level 3 and level 2, a second voltage reference may separate level 2 from level 1, and a third reference voltage may separate level 1 from level 0.  
           [0005]    A multilevel cell memory is able to store more than one bit of data based upon the number of charge states. For example, a multilevel cell memory that can store four charge states can store two bits of data, a multilevel cell memory that can store eight charge states can store three bits of data, and a multilevel cell that can store sixteen charge states can store four bits of data. For each of the n-bit multilevel cell memories, various memory element bit patterns can be associated with each of the different charge states.  
           [0006]    The number of charge states storable in a multilevel cell, however, is not limited to powers of two. For example, a multilevel cell with three charge states stores 1.5 bits of data. When this multilevel cell is combined with additional decoding logic and coupled to a second similar multilevel cell, three bits of data are provided as the output of the two-cell combination. Various other multi-cell combinations are also possible.  
           [0007]    The retrieval of information from multilevel cell memories is currently slower than the retrieval from single-bit cell memories because the sensing time of multilevel cell memories is greater. This is primarily because sensing more than one bit takes more time than sensing one bit.  
           [0008]    Generally, with conventional multilevel cell designs, a word may consist of a plurality of bits. A first set of two bits of the word may be stored in the same cell(in a 2 bit multilevel cell example) and then the next set of two bits may be stored in the same cell and so on to store the entire word. Then, to access to word, after decoding, both the first and second bits of the cell are sensed. Only when both bits have been sensed is the output accessible. In effect, then, the output must wait for both the first and the second bits to be sensed.  
           [0009]    Thus, there is a need for a way to decrease access times for multilevel cell memories. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0010]    [0010]FIG. 1 is a block depiction of one embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0011]    [0011]FIG. 2 is a schematic depiction of the memory architecture in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0012]    [0012]FIG. 3 is a schematic depiction of the memory architecture in accordance with the prior art;  
         [0013]    [0013]FIG. 4 is a flow chart in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; and  
         [0014]    [0014]FIG. 5 is a flow chart in accordance with the prior art. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0015]    Referring to FIG. 1, a processor  100  may be coupled through a bus  102  to a multilevel cell memory  104 . The memory  104  contains an interface controller  105 , a write state machine  106  and a multilevel cell memory array  150 . The processor  100  is coupled by the bus  102  to both the interface controller  105  and the memory array  150  in one embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0016]    The interface controller  105  provides control over the multilevel cell memory array  150 . The write state machine  106  communicates with the interface controller  105  and the memory array  150 . The interface controller  105  passes data to be written into the array  150  to the state machine  106  and the state machine  106  executes the sequence of events to write data into the array  150 . In one embodiment, the interface controller  105 , the write state machine  106  and the multilevel cell memory array  150  are located on a single integrated circuit die.  
         [0017]    Although embodiments are described in conjunction with a memory array  150  storing two bits per cell, any number of bits may be stored in a single cell, for example by increasing the number of threshold levels, without deviating from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Although embodiments of the present invention are described in conjunction with a memory array  150  of flash cells, other cells, such as read only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), conventional electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), or dynamic random access memory (DRAM), to mention a few examples, may be substituted without deviating from the spirit and the scope of the present invention.  
         [0018]    Referring to FIG. 2, two words  10  and  12  stored in the memory array  150  include a plurality of bits  14  and  16 , respectively. In the architecture depicted in FIG. 2, instead of placing adjacent bits within the same word in the same memory cell  18 , adjacent bits  14  in the same word  10  or  12  are placed in different multilevel memory cells  18 . For example, the bit  14   a  for the word  10  is stored with the bit  16   a  from the word  12  to form a cell  18   a . Likewise, the other bits  14  of each word  10  or  12  are stored such that each memory cell  18  in the array  150  includes bits  14  from different words  10  or  12 .  
         [0019]    While in one embodiment to the present invention, one bit from each of two words is paired with one bit from the other of two words, a variety of other arrangements may be used. By placing bits from the same word in different cells, the access times of the memory array  150  may be improved relative to sensing both words before outputting either word.  
         [0020]    Advantages of some embodiments of the present invention may be better understood by comparing the embodiment of FIG. 2 to a prior art architecture shown in FIG. 3. In FIG. 3, the words  20  and  22  have bits  14  and  16  as before. However, in accordance with the conventional approach, adjacent bits  14  or  16  in the same word  10  or  12  (such as the bits  14   a  and  14   b ) are stored in the same multilevel memory cell (e.g., the cell  20   a ).  
         [0021]    As a result, in order to access information from the prior art memory array, it is necessary to first decode and then to successfully sense the first bit, such as the bit  14   a . Next, it is necessary to successfully sense the second bit, such as the bit  14   b , and finally to output the information. The access time for the cell  20  is the combination of the times to decode, to sense both the first and second bits and finally to output the sensed information.  
         [0022]    In contrast with the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the access time for the first word is a function of the decode time together with the time to sense the first bit plus the output time. In other words, the access time may be comparable to that of conventional single bit memories. The access time for the second word is a combination of the time to sense the second bit and the output time since no decoding is necessary the second time around.  
         [0023]    Thus, the writing of the information into the array  150  may be controlled by hardware, for example, in the write state machine  106  and microcode stored therein, in one embodiment of the present invention. However, wholly software or wholly hardware based approaches may also be used.  
         [0024]    In one embodiment, the sensing code  122  may initially cause the decoding to occur as indicated in block  24 . Next, the first word is sensed as indicated in block  26 . The first word is then outputted as indicated in block  28 .  
         [0025]    Next, the second word is sensed as indicated in block  30  and the second word is outputted as indicated in block  32 . This sequence continues consistently with the architecture shown in FIG. 2.  
         [0026]    Referring to FIG. 5, the access code  122   a  in accordance with the prior art initially decodes as indicated in block  24  and then senses the first word as indicated in block  26 . Then the prior art approach senses the second word as indicated in block  30  and finally outputs the first and second words as indicated in block  34  after sensing both the first and second words. Clearly the access time to the first word is significantly slower than with the technique illustrated for example in FIG. 4.  
         [0027]    While the present invention has been described with respect to a limited number of embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate numerous modifications and variations therefrom. It is intended that the appended claims cover all such modifications and variations as fall within the true spirit and scope of this present invention.

Technology Classification (CPC): 6