Patent Abstract:
An embodiment of methods and user equipment are disclosed. Once such method includes a user equipment transmitting preferences for Flow-to-RAT mapping to a base station of a network. The user equipment may receive a Flow-to-RAT mapping from the base station that specifies a particular RAT to be associated with a particular Flow.

Full Description:
RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/841,230, filed Jun. 28, 2013, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     Embodiments described herein generally relate to wireless networks. Some embodiments relate generally to user equipment feedback in a wireless network. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Wireless radio access networks (RAN) enable mobile devices (e.g., radiotelephones, cellular telephones, user equipment (UE)) to communicate within that network with a fixed landline infrastructure (e.g., base station, access point, evolved node B (eNodeB or eNB)). For example, these radio access networks can include WiFi™, 3 rd  Generation Partnership Projects (3GPP), or Bluetooth™. 
     Typical UEs and landline infrastructure may be equipped with multiple radios, each radio using a different radio access technology (RAT). Most data traffic may be supported over best effort services (e.g., Quality of Service Class Identifier #9 (QCI #9, Bearer)). The QCI #9 typically has real-time flows such as voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)/conversation and non-real time flows, such as streaming/file downloading. This may not be the best way to handle different flows since each RAT may handle a different flow more efficiently. 
     There are general needs for improved Flow-to-RAT mapping by a network. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  illustrates an embodiment of a signal flow diagram in accordance with a method for feedback of UE preference for Flow-to-RAT mapping. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a table for UE feedback of UE preferences for Flow-to-RAT mapping. 
         FIG. 3  illustrates a table showing Flow-to-RAT mapping for the UE prepared by the base station/network. 
         FIG. 4  illustrates a diagram of an embodiment of a communication system. 
         FIG. 5  illustrates a block diagram of an embodiment of user equipment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Subsequent use of the term radio access technology (RAT) may refer to a radio dedicated to a particular wireless technology. As is known by one of ordinary skill in the art, a RAT refers to an underlying physical connection method for a radio based communication network. Each radio may be configured to support a different RAT (e.g., WiFi™, 3GPP, Bluetooth™, 4G, Long Term Evolution (LTE), wireless local area network (WLAN)). The WiFi™ may be part of an IEEE 802.11 standard. 
     The term “base station” (BS) may be used subsequently to refer to any fixed transceiver apparatus that may communicate using one or more particular radio technologies. For example, base station can refer to an access point, an eNodeB, or a cell site. 
     User equipment (UE) and base stations each may include a plurality of radios each associated with a different RAT of multiple RATs that may select various networks or be “steered” to those networks. For example, the UE RATs can employ network selection or traffic steering between different radio access networks (RAN) such as WiFi™, 3GPP, Bluetooth™, 4G, LTE, or other wireless networks. Several solutions, based on UE-centric and network centric techniques may be used for load balancing between one network using a first radio technology (e.g., 3GPP) and second network using a second radio technology (e.g., WLAN). 
     In current network technology, all flows using a best-effort service may be treated the same. As is known to one of ordinary skill in the art, a best-effort service is a single service model in which an application sends data whenever it must, in any quantity, and without requesting permission or first informing the network. For best-effort service, the network delivers data if it can, without any assurance of reliability, delay bounds, or throughput. In current network technology, the network does not know which flow from the best-effort pipe to be offloaded to another RAT (e.g., WLAN). In such an embodiment, the network typically would offload all of the flows in the best-effort bearer to WLAN. 
     Using current technology, the UE cannot assist the eNodeB/network with a preference regarding which RAT is better for the kind of application that the UE is executing. This may degrade performance of the applications such as VoIP. The user may end up getting poor service or the user may end up turning off WLAN or the RAT with undesirable QoS. Either scenario may not be desirable for either the network operator or the user. 
     The present embodiments enable the UE to provide feedback to the network regarding its preference of flow mapping to a BS RAT, of various RATs, in order to assist the BS/network in determining a Flow-to-RAT mapping for the various UEs communicating with the network. The network may use the feedback to determine to offload only one or more of the existing flows, rather than all of them, to other RATs (e.g., WLAN). The decision on which flows are mapped to which RAT may still be made by the base station/network. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a flow diagram of an embodiment of a method for feedback of UE preference for Flow-to-RAT mapping. The UE  100  transmits a message  101  (e.g., assistance message) to the base station  110  (e.g., eNodeB, access point, base station). The message  101  may include the UE preferences for Flow-to-RAT mapping. The UE Preference for Flow-to-RAT mapping may be transmitted as part of another message or as a separate, independent message. 
     The message  101  from the UE  100  to the BS  110  may include a Flow-to-RAT mapping preference table, such as the table illustrated in  FIG. 2 . The Flow-to-RAT mapping of this table indicates the mapping preferences of the UE&#39;s flows to the RATs of the BS  110 . A typical flow entry (e.g., FLOW  1 -FLOW N) may include information such as the Internet Protocol (IP) addresses and port number of the source and destination pairs. RAT  1  may be a 3GPP/LTE RAT and RAT  2  may be a WLAN RAT. However, these designations are for purposes of illustration only as the present embodiments are not limited to any certain RAT. 
     As one example, FLOW  1  is shown in  FIG. 2  as having a preference for RAT  1  (e.g., 3GPP/LTE) of the BS. FLOW  2  is shown as also having a preference for RAT  1  of the BS. FLOW N is shown as having a preference for RAT  2  (e.g., WLAN) of the BS. 
     Referring again to the flow diagram of  FIG. 1 , the base station  110  transmits a Flow-to-RAT mapping message  102  to the UE  100  in response to the message  101  from the UE  100 . The Flow-to-RAT mapping message  102  may be based on the received UE&#39;s preference, network loads at RATs, neighboring UEs to the base station  110 , and/or other mapping preferences already known by the base station  110 . 
     The BS/network may consider the UE&#39;s preference for Flow-to-RAT mapping while splitting the traffic flows over RATs. However, the BS/network may also consider other factors such as network loads in RATs and other UE preferences for Flow-to-RAT mapping, while deciding about the Flow-to-RAT mapping table for the UE. One example of such a mapping table received by the UE is illustrated in  FIG. 3 . 
       FIG. 3  illustrates one embodiment of a mapping table for UE prepared at BS/network based on the UE&#39;s preference as given in the table of  FIG. 2  and network loading in various RATs. Note that, in the illustrated embodiment, the BS/network has not accepted all of the UE&#39;s preferences. For example, the BS/network has mapped FLOW  2  to RAT  2  instead of the UE requested RAT  1 . This may be due to different load conditions in various RATs of the BS as well as neighboring UEs&#39; preferences that have been received by the BS/network. 
     In other embodiments, radio resource control (RRC) messages may be used to exchange the mapping table over the UE-BS air interface. The UE may also use capability exchange message at the beginning of the RRC connection to signal whether it supports the preference capability. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates a diagram of an embodiment of a wireless communication system comprising the UE  401  in a multiple base station environment. The illustrated communication system includes a plurality of antennas  402 ,  403  for communicating with the UE  401 . 
     The antennas  402 ,  403  may be part of base stations (e.g., eNodeBs) for communicating in a cellular environment. The antennas  402 ,  403  may also be part of access points (APs) for communicating in a WiFi environment. For example, the first antenna  402  may be part of an eNodeB to enable the UE  401  to communicate in a 3GPP/LTE environment. The second antenna  403  may be part of an access point to enable the UE  401  to communicate in a WLAN environment. 
     The method for UE feedback of Flow-to-RAT preferences may be used in the communication system to enable it to seamlessly switch between the 3GPP/LTE environment to the WiFi environment. In such a scenario, the UE  401  may be executing an application that would benefit from using a WLAN RAT of the network side of the system. The UE  401  may transmit this preference to a BS/network  403  as discussed previously. The BS/network  403  may transmit back a Flow mapping table to instruct the UE  401  to use either the preferred RAT or another RAT, as determined by the BS/network, for the particular Flow in question. The UE may then switch to that particular UE RAT when executing that particular Flow. 
       FIG. 5  is a block diagram illustrating a machine in the example form of user equipment  500 , within which a set or sequence of instructions may be executed to cause the machine to perform any one of the methodologies discussed herein, according to an example embodiment. In alternative embodiments, the machine operates as a standalone device or may be connected (e.g., networked) to other machines. In a networked deployment, the machine may operate in the capacity of either a server or a client machine in server-client network environments, or it may act as a peer machine in peer-to-peer (or distributed) network environments. The machine may be a mobile communication device (e.g., cellular telephone), a computer, a personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a hybrid tablet, a personal digital assistant (PDA), or any machine capable of executing instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine. Further, while only a single machine is illustrated, the term “machine” shall also be taken to include any collection of machines that individually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein. Similarly, the term “processor-based system” shall be taken to include any set of one or more machines that are controlled by or operated by a processor (e.g., a computer) to individually or jointly execute instructions to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein. 
     Example user equipment  500  includes at least one processor  502  (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU) or both, processor cores, compute nodes, etc.), a main memory  504  and a static memory  506 , which communicate with each other via a link  508  (e.g., bus). The user equipment  500  may further include a video display unit  510  and an alphanumeric input device  512  (e.g., a keypad). In one embodiment, the video display unit  510  and input device  512  are incorporated into a touch screen display. The user equipment  500  may additionally include a storage device  516  (e.g., a drive unit), a signal generation device  518  (e.g., a speaker), a network interface device  520 , and one or more sensors (not shown). 
     The storage device  516  includes a machine-readable medium  522  on which is stored one or more sets of data structures and instructions  524  (e.g., software) embodying or utilized by any one or more of the methodologies or functions described herein. The instructions  524  may also reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory  504 , static memory  506 , and/or within the processor  502  during execution thereof by the user equipment  500 , with the main memory  504 , static memory  506 , and the processor  502  also constituting machine-readable media. 
     While the machine-readable medium  522  is illustrated in an example embodiment to be a single medium, the term “machine-readable medium” may include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) that store the one or more instructions  524 . The term “machine-readable medium” shall also be taken to include any tangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying instructions for execution by the machine and that cause the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies of the present disclosure or that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying data structures utilized by or associated with such instructions. The term “machine-readable medium” shall accordingly be taken to include, but not be limited to, solid-state memories, and optical and magnetic media. Specific examples of machine-readable media include non-volatile memory, including but not limited to, by way of example, semiconductor memory devices (e.g., electrically programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)) and flash memory devices; magnetic disks such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks. 
     The instructions  524  may further be transmitted or received over a communications network  526  using a transmission medium via the network interface device  520  utilizing any one of a number of well-known transfer protocols (e.g., HTTP). Examples of communication networks include a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a wireless local area network (WLAN) the Internet, mobile telephone networks, plain old telephone (POTS) networks, and wireless data networks (e.g., WI-FI™ (IEEE 802.11), 3GPP, 4G LTE/LTE-A or WiMAX networks). The term “transmission medium” shall be taken to include any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine, and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible medium to facilitate communication of such software. The network interface device may include one or more antennas for communicating with the wireless network.

Technology Classification (CPC): 7