Patent Abstract:
A system and method for transferring a plurality of data packets between a link layer and a transport layer is presented. The system and method provide a standardized development interface for development of link layer and transport layer drivers across multiple platforms. The abstract interface provides a standardized functional module through which multiple packet transfer commands are received and passed. The abstract interface discerns the level of sophistication of interfacing drivers and when drivers lack the capability for transferring multiple packets in a single command, the abstract interface emulates multiple transfer capabilities for such drivers.

Full Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]    This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/853,847 filed May 9, 1997, the above application being incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    1. The Field of the Invention  
           [0003]    The present invention relates to systems and methods for transferring data between a transport layer and a link layer in a computer system. More specifically, the present invention relates to systems and methods for transmitting bulk data partitioned into a plurality of packets between a transport layer and a link layer using a singular command therebetween.  
           [0004]    2. The Relevant Technology  
           [0005]    Today, computers are becoming a main staple for information exchange in the modern society. Computers, namely personal computers (PC), provide the source and termination points for a majority of information exchange. A user at a PC may input information and quickly transmit such information to another user at a destination computer in a fraction of a second. The logistics of such transfers originated from simple origins such as directly coupled or connected computers. However, today, computers are not directly coupled in a one-to-one corresponding configuration, but frequently exist in a network environment wherein multiple computers are interconnected one with another.  
           [0006]    In computer networks wherein interconnections are not dedicated and isolated, information or data targeted for one computer must be addressed for receipt by a designated computer. Furthermore, information traveling from a source computer to a destination computer, in most networks, travels over a shared network link. To facilitate the transfer and management of significant amounts of data across communication or computer networks, the partitioning of data into useable packets has become necessary to facilitate multiusers on a shared network resource.  
           [0007]    In addition to partitioning data into smaller components or packets, network transfer software facilitating the exchange of data between computers has also been partitioned into identifiable components. Standardized components or structures conforming to the OSI protocol model have been promulgated for many years. Although many systems do not incorporate each and every level of the OSI standardized model, the majority of network systems incorporate fundamental components of the OSI model. For example, the transport layer of the OSI model facilitates the aforementioned partitioning or packetizing of bulk data into useable, convenient packet formats for dispatching throughout the computer network. Some transport layers have become preeminently dominant in the computer networking arena. For example, TCP/IP, although taking on minor and major variations, has become a standard transport protocol for use in implementing the transport layer of the OSI model for computer networking. Additionally, IPX and NetBEUI have also become standard transport protocols in computer networks. Such transport protocols are implemented in an OSI or network protocol stack by programming a transport protocol driver capable of receiving bulk data and transforming such bulk data into packetized and formatted data capable of efficient propagation through a computer network.  
           [0008]    [0008]FIG. 1 represents a prior art configuration of a network protocol stack or configuration  100  capable of transporting bulk data  102  between a computer and network  164 . As described above, transport layer or driver  104  receives bulk data  102  and partitions bulk data  102  into packets properly sized and formatted for propagation in network  164 . In FIG. 1, transport driver  104  partitions bulk data  102  into packets  106 ,  108  and  110  and applies formats accordingly. Generally, rather than directly transporting or forwarding data through subsequent layers or levels, pointers to the data packets are generated. Pointer  112 ,  114  and  116 , provide accessibility to the packetized data and are individually passed to other layers as opposed to replicating or copying entire data packets upon issuance of a transfer command.  
           [0009]    As described above, a transport driver interfaces with other software components supporting the functionality of other OSI layers. To facilitate the compatibility of various layers, an interface  120  defines a neutral specification for the development of operative layers or drivers. Transport driver  104  incorporates an interface  118  compliant with interface  120  through which packetized information may be exchanged.  
           [0010]    A link layer device driver  124  provides link layer functionality which generally comprises preparing and presenting data in a particular form and location in preparation for transmission and reception by hardware such as physical device  130  interfaced to network  164 . Similar to transport driver  104 , link layer device driver  124  provides a compatible interface  128  for compliant communication therebetween.  
           [0011]    Communication flow of bulk data  102  to network  164  will now be discussed. Transport layer  104  receives bulk data  102  from yet a higher layer in the OSI module, typically an application layer. As discussed above, transmission of bulk data  102  in raw format across network  164  is prohibitive due to several factors such as (i) interference noise present in network  164  which destroys or degrades a portion of bulk data  102 , thus requiring a retransmission of the entire bulk data, (ii) the shared nature of network  164  with other computers requiring time-multiplexing, and (iii) other practicalities of successful transmission of a substantial amount of data in a single transmit session. In a modern system, bulk data  102  is partitioned into, among others, data packet  106  having a pointer  112 . Transport driver  104  dispatches a send packet request  122  comprised of pointer  112  transmitted via interface  120  through send packet request  126  to link layer device driver  124 . Link layer device driver  124  then issues a request  132  to physical device  130  thereby notifying physical device  130  of the presence of data packet  106  for dispatch through network  164 .  
           [0012]    Traditional network protocol stacks typically employ dedicated buffers within system resources such as RAM that are accessible both to a computer microprocessor and physical device  130 . In such configurations, link layer device driver  124  upon receiving pointer  112  may copy data packet  106  into the predefined buffer known and accessible to physical device  130 .  
           [0013]    Physical device  130 , upon receipt of request  132 , performs an autonomous transfer of data packet  106  into network  164 . Physical device  130  generally is comprised of embedded control facilitating the extraction of data packets from common memory resources. Physical device  130  in a response  134  notifies link layer device driver  124  of the completion of the transfer of data packet  106  to network  164 . Response  134 , although depicted as a direct communication with link layer device driver  124  is commonly carried out with physical device  130  initiating an interrupt through the microprocessor of the computer system followed by the servicing of an interrupt service routine directed to link layer device driver  124 . Link layer device driver  124  issues a send packet response  136  to interface  120  which in turn reissues or simply forwards send packet response  138  to transport driver  104 . The transformation of send packet response  136  to send packet response  138  depends upon the level of functionality of interface  120 .  
           [0014]    Upon receipt of send packet response  138 , transport driver  104  then initiates the transfer of packet  108  and packet  110  in sequential order by employing the processes utilized by packet  106  such as initiation of send packet requests  140  and  152 , and receipt of send packet response  150  and  162 . It should be noted that packets individually traverse the network protocol stack before the initiation of a subsequent traversal by a subsequent data packet. Furthermore, the successful transfer of a data packet by physical device  130  to network  164  results in a specific acknowledgement or response for each packet transferred. As discussed earlier, such responses typically take the form of an interrupt to the microprocessor which causes the microprocessor to postpone its present operations in favor of servicing an individual response. It should be evident that as bulk data  102  increases in size and the number of data packets increases, the delivery of sizeable bulk data results in a significant impairment of microprocessor performance. Furthermore, modern communication networks facilitating the transfer of high bandwidth data, such as imaging data, are required to devote a significant amount of microprocessor resources to the manipulation of such data. When undesirable intermittent interruptions become pervasive, performance degrades to undesirable or intolerable levels.  
           [0015]    It would represent an advancement over the prior art to provide a method and system for sending a plurality of data packets from a transport driver to a link layer device driver without transmitting an individual command for each data packet. It would, therefore, represent an advancement in the art to provide the ability to minimize the quantity of interruptions to the microprocessor during the transmission of bulk data to a network. It would also represent an advancement in the art to minimize the amount of handshaking carried out between layers within the OSI stack. It would yet represent an advancement in the art to provide a method and system for receiving a plurality of data packets from a network and forwarding the plurality of data packets to a transport driver without being required to issue individual transfer commands for each packet.  
         SUMMARY AND OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION  
         [0016]    The foregoing problems in the prior state of the art have been successfully overcome by the present invention, which is directed to a system and method for transferring a plurality of data packets between a transport layer and a link layer device driver in a computer operating system. The current system and method can be used in virtually any computer network system. The present invention comprises both methods and systems for batching or transferring a plurality of data packets between a transport layer and a link layer in a network protocol stack of a computer system.  
           [0017]    In the present invention, a network protocol stack comprised of a transport driver receives bulk data to transfer to a network. The transport driver, in order to facilitate orderly transfer of data through the network, packetizes and formats the bulk data into data packets. The transport driver contains a level of functionality for initiating a multi-packet transfer by generating a request including an array of pointers to the data packets. A pointer to the array of pointers is also included within the multi-packet transfer request. Additionally, a quantity of data packets indicator is included within the request and, alternatively, when a plurality of destination drivers exist, a handle or device descriptor accompanies the multi-packet request.  
           [0018]    The transport layer subsequently issues a multi-packet or send packets request to the abstract interface which in turn evaluates the device driver handle or descriptor as specified by transport driver to determine the capabilities or sophistication of the destination link layer device driver. If the abstract interface determines that the link layer device driver is capable of a single command, multi-packet transfer, then the abstract interface issues the single command and the link layer device driver begins retrieving the plurality of data packets and placing them in data buffers accessible to the target hardware such as a network card or “physical device.” The link layer device driver then starts the physical device transferring the data.  
           [0019]    Upon the completion of the transfer of multiple packets by the physical device, a transfer response is generated to the link layer device driver which in turn issues a send complete response to the abstract interface. The abstract interface sends a send complete response to the transport driver acknowledging the completion and readiness for additional data packets. Such a transfer of a plurality of data packets in a single command minimizes interrupts to the host computer microprocessor. Each interrupt to the host microprocessor suspends the present processing of the microprocessor to attend to the present interrupt.  
           [0020]    Alternative configurations of the present invention provide for the coupling of sophisticated drivers, that is to say drivers having enhanced functionality capable of multi-packet transfers, with less sophisticated drivers where the abstract interface mediates or facilitates the invocation of multi-packet transfer commands by emulating the multi-packet transfer, thus allowing the less sophisticated destination driver to interface with a more sophisticated transport layer driver. For example, the abstract interface upon receiving a multi-packet transfer request, evaluates the sophistication and capability of the designated device driver. If the destination driver is not capable of handling a multi-packet transfer request, individual packet transfer requests can be created by the abstract interface and issued sequentially by the abstract interface to the destination driver. Sophistication or capability information of a driver is loaded into the abstract interface upon loading the driver into the system. Inclusion of sophistication and capability information facilitates the interoperation of older or legacy drivers with more sophisticated or modern drivers as new generations of drivers become available. The present invention also facilitates receiving a plurality of packets from a network and transferring a plurality of packets to a transport layer using a single command.  
           [0021]    The abstract interface describes an interface by which one or more device drivers may communicate with one or more transport drivers and the operating system. The abstract interface enables a transport driver to pass network packets or data packets to any one of a plurality of device drivers for transmission to the network via any one of a plurality of physical devices. The abstract interface also facilitates the reception of network packets by a device driver from any one of several underlying physical devices. In summary, the abstract interface defines a fully abstracted environment for facilitating device driver and transport driver development by including common functions such as registration and interception of hardware interrupts into abstract interface functions that may be invoked by the drivers.  
           [0022]    Accordingly, it is the primary object of this invention to provide a system and method in a computer operating system for transferring a plurality of data packets between a transport layer and a link layer device driver via an abstract interface.  
           [0023]    Another primary object of the invention is to provide a system and method for transferring a plurality of received data packets from a link layer device driver to a transport driver via an abstract interface while minimizing the impact of interruptions to the host system microprocessor that occurs when individual packets are transferred.  
           [0024]    Another important object of the present invention is to provide an abstract interface between drivers in a network protocol stack wherein the standardized development interface facilitates ease of portability and driver development. Additionally, many common functions and resource management details of drivers are incorporated into the abstract interface. The abstract interface is also capable of discerning the level of sophistication of interfacing drivers and emulating multiple transfer capabilities for drivers inherently lacking such capability.  
           [0025]    Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the instruments and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. These and other objects and features of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following description and the appended claims, or may be learned by practice of the invention as set forth hereinafter.  
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0026]    In order that the manner in which the above-recited and other advantages and objects of the invention are obtained, a more particular description of the invention briefly described above will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are not, therefore, to be considered to be limiting of its scope, the invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings in which:  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 1 is a representation of a network protocol stack, in accordance with a prior art configuration;  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a network protocol stack for transferring bulk data between a transport layer and a network, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a network protocol stack for transferring bulk data between a transport layer and a network, in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a network protocol stack for receiving a plurality of packets from a network for transfer to a transport layer in a network protocol stack in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 5 is a simplified block diagram of an abstract interface for facilitating transfer of a plurality of data packets between a transport layer and a link layer, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; and  
         [0032]    [0032]FIG. 6 is a graphical representation of a plurality of data packet buffers for use by a link layer device driver, in accordance with the present invention.  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0033]    The following description of the present invention is presented by using flow diagrams to describe either the structure or the processing of presently preferred embodiments to implement the systems and methods of the present invention. Using the diagrams in this manner to present the invention should not be construed as limiting of its scope. The present invention contemplates both methods and systems for batching or transferring a plurality of data packets between a transport layer and a link layer in a network protocol stack of a computer system. The currently disclosed system, however, can also be used with any special purpose computer or other hardware system and all should be included within its scope.  
         [0034]    Embodiments within the scope of the present invention also include computer readable media having executable instructions. Such computer readable media can be any of available media which can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such program storage means can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired executable instructions and which can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer. Combinations of the above should also be included in the scope of the program storage means. Executable instructions comprise, for example, instructions and data which cause a general purpose computer or special purpose computer to perform a certain function or a group of functions.  
         [0035]    [0035]FIG. 2 represents a block diagram of a network protocol stack  200  for transferring bulk data  102  to network  164 , in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. A network protocol stack  200  comprised of a transport driver  204  receives bulk data  102  for transfer to a network  164 . Transport driver  204 , in order to facilitate orderly transfer of data through network  164 , must perform packetization and formatting processes on bulk data  102 . Transport driver  204  partitions bulk data  102  into data packets  206 ,  208  and  210 . Transport driver  204  is designed to interoperate in an enhanced system wherein an abstract interface  220  mediates or facilitates the transfer of a plurality of packets in a single send packets request  222 . Transport driver  204  generates pointers  212 ,  214  and  216  pointing to data packets  206 ,  208  and  210 , respectively. Pointers  212 ,  214  and  216  are grouped into a pointer array  240  having an array pointer  238  pointing thereto. Transport driver  204  initiates send packets request  222  to abstract interface  220 . Send packets request  222  comprises pointer  238  directed to an array of pointers  240 , and in one embodiment, send packets request  222  further comprises a quantity of packets indicator designating the number of packets represented by array pointer  238 . Send packets request  222  may additionally be comprised of a handle or indicator designating a specific link layer device driver  224  when a plurality of device drivers are present.  
         [0036]    Transport driver  204  adheres to the standardized abstract interface  220  by incorporating an interface  218  as an interface path between transport driver  204  and abstract interface  220 . Interface  218  may be calls to Application Program Interface (API) functions in order to access the functionality of abstract interface  220 . Interface  218  may also be any other mechanism incorporated into transport driver  204  to access or interface with abstract interface  220 . When transport driver  204  issues send packets request  222  to abstract interface  220 , transport driver  204  may yield ownership or control of the packet resources, such as buffers, to the device driver.  
         [0037]    Abstract interface  220  then evaluates the device driver handle or indicator as specified by transport driver  204  to determine the capabilities of link layer device driver  224 . This functionality is described in detail in FIG. 5. If abstract interface  220  determines that link layer device driver  224  facilitates the transfer of multiple packets in a single command, abstract interface  220  issues a send packets request  226  comprising array pointer  238  to packet array  240  and a packet quantity indicator. Send packets request  226  may also be comprised of a device handle or identifier when a plurality of link layer device drivers are present. Upon dispatching send packets request  226 , abstract interface  220  awaits the return of an acknowledgment in the form of a packets transfer complete indicator.  
         [0038]    Link layer device driver  224  through compliant interface  228  receives send packets request  226  and begins retrieving and copying data packets  206 ,  208  and  210  as pointed to by packet array  240  into predetermined reserve data buffers accessible to physical device  130 . Such reserve data buffers are further discussed in FIG. 6. Upon the completion and transfer of data packets  206 ,  208  and  210  into the buffers of link layer device driver  224 , link layer device driver  224  initiates a transfer request  232  to physical device  130 . Such a request may contain additional information such as the quantity of packets to transfer, or may simply be a request to transfer command wherein physical device  130  determines the number of packets present. Physical device  130  then individually transfers data packets  206 ,  208  and  210  to network  164 .  
         [0039]    Upon the completion of the transfer by physical device  130 , physical device  130  generates a transfer response  258  designating the completed transfer of the packets. Although transfer response  258  is illustrated as a direct communication between physical device  130  and device driver  224 , in one embodiment, physical device  130  initiates an interrupt to the microprocessor of the host computer system. The microprocessor then enters an interrupt service routine that performs the requisite processing and notification to link layer device driver  224 . Alternatively, the microprocessor or the host computer system may initiate minimal processing in the interrupt service routine and schedule a deferred processing routine for performing the bulk of the interrupt service responsibility at a later time.  
         [0040]    Link layer device driver  224 , upon receipt of transfer response  258 , issues a send complete response  260  to abstract interface  220 . Abstract interface  220  subsequently issues a send complete response  262  to transport driver  204  notifying transport driver  204  of the completed transfer of the plurality of packets.  
         [0041]    It should be noted that the present embodiment accommodates and facilitates the transfer of a plurality of packets from a transport layer to a link layer and upon the completion of the transfer of the plurality of packets to network  164 , a single interrupt is issued to the microprocessor of the host computer system. This is in contrast to prior art systems which create an interrupt for each packet sent. As noted earlier, each interrupt to the host microprocessor suspends the present processing of the microprocessor to attend to the present interrupt. When a substantial amount of bulk data is to be transferred from the transport layer to the network or vise versa, a continuous series of interrupts to the microprocessor significantly degrades the perceived performance of the overall system. The present invention transcends the need for individual acknowledgements in the form of interrupts to the microprocessor for each packet transferred.  
         [0042]    [0042]FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a network protocol stack for transferring bulk data between a transport layer and a network, in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, processing proceeds within transports driver  204  in accordance with the previous discussion for FIG. 2. That is to say, bulk data  102  is received and packetized into data packets  206 ,  208  and  210  with pointers  212 ,  214  and  216  pointing thereto. A pointer  238  denotes a pointer array  240  comprising pointers  212 ,  214  and  216 . Transport driver  204  issues a send packets request  222  comprised of pointer  238  and of a packets quantity indicator. Additionally, as described earlier, a device handle or indicator may also accompany send packets request  222  when a plurality of device drivers  324  is present.  
         [0043]    Abstract interface  220 , upon receiving send packets request  222 , evaluates the capability of the designated link layer device driver  324 . Capability information of link layer device driver  324  is incorporated into abstract interface  220  upon the loading or configuration of link layer device driver  324  into the present computer system. By incorporating capability information into abstract interface  220 , link layer device drivers and transport drivers having varying capabilities may interoperate due to the mediation capabilities of abstract interface  220  to accommodate or supplement the functionality lacking in less capable or sophisticated drivers. For example, in the present embodiment, transport layer  204  issues send packets request  222  designating link layer device driver  324  as a destination link layer driver and believing it to be capable of transferring multiple packets in response to a single send packets request. However, link layer device driver  324 , when loaded into the present host computer system, registered with abstract interface  220  its ability to transfer only single packets using a single command. In the alternative, instead of registering the ability to transfer only single packets, perhaps driver  324  did not register the capability to transfer multiple packets. In such a situation, abstract interface  220  may interpret the failure to identify a specific capability as the lack of that capability.  
         [0044]    Abstract interface  220 , upon detecting a lower level of capability of link layer device driver  324 , emulates the plurality packet transfer function as requested by transport layer  204 . In so doing, abstract interface  220  issues a send packet request  226  comprised of pointer  212  to link layer device driver  324 . Link layer device driver  324 , in the present embodiment, transfers or copies data packet  206  into a predefined transmit buffer accessible by physical device  130  and initiates a transfer request  332  to physical device  130 . Physical device  130 , upon the completion of the transfer of packet  206  as stored in the predefined buffer to network  164  issues a transfer response  334  designating the completion of the transfer. Although transfer response  334  may take the form of an interrupt to the microprocessor, less processing is required as control reverts locally back to link layer device driver  324  for the initiation of send packet response  236  with no further response passing or traversing up to transport driver  204 .  
         [0045]    Abstract interface  220  upon receiving send packet response  236  dispatches a send packet request  242  comprised of pointer  214  to link layer device driver  324  whereupon link layer device driver  324  transfers data packet  208  into a predefined transmit buffer with transfer request  344  and transfer response  346  proceeding as did transfer request  332  and transfer response  334 . Upon the receipt of send packet response  248 , abstract interface  220  initiates a send packet request  254  comprising pointer  216 . Link layer device driver  324  copies or transfers data packet  210  to a predefined transmit buffer and initiates transfer request  356  to physical device  130 . Physical device  130  upon the completion of the transfer of data packet  210  to network  164  initiates a transfer response  358  to link layer device driver  324 . Link layer device driver  324  initiates a send packet response  260  to abstract interface  220 . Abstract interface  220  then and only then issues a send packets response  262  to transport driver  204 . From the perspective of transport driver  204 , the remainder of the protocol stack exhibits the same capability inherent in transport driver  204 . This is due, however, to the mediation functionality of abstract interface  220  and its ability upon loading and initialization of drivers, including transport driver  204  and link layer device driver  324 , to extract packet transfer capability information of each of the drivers and emulate requested capabilities when destination drivers are less capable. Such emulation capability enables older or legacy drivers to interoperate with more sophisticated or modern drivers as new generations of drivers become available.  
         [0046]    [0046]FIG. 4 represents a block diagram of a network protocol stack capable of receiving a plurality of packets from a network and transferring a plurality of packets to a transport layer by employing a single command, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Physical device  130  monitors network  164 , and when presented with a data packet, copies the data packet into predetermined, mutually accessible transfer buffers reserved during the loading or initialization of link layer device driver  224 . Upon the completion of the transfer of data packets  272 ,  274  and  276  into the predetermined transfer buffers, physical device  130  initiates a transfer request  270  which, as discussed above, may take the form of a interrupt to the microprocessor of the host computer. Link layer device driver  224  upon receipt of transfer request  270  generates pointers  278 ,  280  and  282  and forms a pointer array  284  having a pointer  286 . Link layer device driver  224  initiates a receive packets request  288  comprising pointer  286  directed to the array of pointers pointing to the received packets and a quantity of packets indicator denoting the number of packets to be transferred.  
         [0047]    Abstract interface  220 , upon receiving receive packets request  288 , evaluates and determines if transport driver  204  maintains the functionality necessary for transferring multiple packets between a link layer and a transport layer by referencing the packet transfer capability indicator of transport driver  204  as registered with abstract interface  220  during loading or initialization of transport driver  204 . When abstract interface  220  identifies transport driver  204  as having multiple packet transfer capability, then abstract interface  220  issues a receive packets request  290  comprising pointer  286  and a quantity of packets indicator, and multiple packets may transfer from a single command. If, however, abstract interface  220  determines transport driver  204  lacks the capability to process a multiple packet transfer command, abstract interface  220  emulates the multiple packet transfer process between abstract interface  220  and transport driver  204  by initiating multiple request/response instructions for each of the packets to be transferred. Such an embodiment is not shown in FIG. 4, however, such performance mirrors the interaction as discussed in FIG. 3 between the abstract interface emulating the capabilities that are not inherently present in link layer device driver  324 .  
         [0048]    Upon the successful completion of the transfer of multiple packets between abstract interface  220  and transport driver  204 , transport driver  204  issues a received packets response  292  to abstract interface  220 . Upon receipt, abstract interface  220  dispatches a received packets response  294  to link layer device driver  224 .  
         [0049]    [0049]FIG. 5 is a simplified block diagram of an abstract interface  220 , in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. As alluded to above, abstract interface  220  describes the interface by which one or more link layer device drivers may communicate with one or more transport drivers and the operating system. Abstract interface  220  comprises a standard driver function support  302  for facilitating the interfacing of transport and link layer drivers. Since standard driver function support  302  receives requests from transport drivers, embodiments may comprise means for receiving send packet requests. By way of example, in FIG. 5 such means is illustrated by receive request block  360  which, in one embodiment, takes the form of a function call to the library of functions within abstract interface  220 . Alternatively, means for receiving send packet requests may take the form of a messaging-based interface providing message evaluation and procedure routing. Since the send plurality of packets request may also be comprised of the location and quantity of data packets requested, means for receiving send packet requests may also include the ability to receive and process pointers and arrays of pointers designating specific locations of the plurality of data packets. Thus, this capability may also be included in receive request block  360 .  
         [0050]    In embodiments which check the capability of drivers in order to interface drivers which support multiple packet transfer with those that do not, standard driver function support  302  further comprises means for mediating requests between two drivers. As an example, in FIG. 5 such means is illustrated by a mediate request block  362  which evaluates and processes send packets requests. Mediate request block  362  is comprised of means for checking driver capability, as for example check driver capability block  364  which queries and receives a packet transfer capability indicator from a driver interconnection/capability information store  304 . The packet transfer capability indicator denotes the extent of inherent support for multiple packet transfers resident within the particular destination driver as described earlier. When multiple packets are to be sent from the transport layer, a device handle may be specified in the request to indicate a link layer device driver, in contrast, when a plurality of packets are to be sent from the link layer device driver to the transport driver, then the device handle will denote a transport driver. When the destination driver possesses multi-packet functionality, then processing passes to a request forwarding means  368  which converts the specified device handle into a call directed to the specified destination driver. However, when the packet transfer capability indicator denotes a lack of support for multi-packet transfer, then a multi-packet emulation means  366  provides emulation of the multi-packet transfers by making iterative calls to the destination device as detailed above in FIG. 3. Standard driver function support  302  further comprises a confirm response a means for confirming responses, as for example block  370  which passes a confirmation or acknowledgment through abstract interface  220  to the request-originating driver upon completion of the transfer of the plurality of data packets.  
         [0051]    Abstract interface  220  further comprises a means for facilitating the reception of network data packets by a link layer device driver from any one of several underlying physical devices which are distinguishable by device handles or descriptors. Such means facilitates the passing or transfer of network data packets up to one or more designated transport drivers. Abstract interface  220  further provides the capability for a driver to query abstract interface  200  for determining specific configurations, statistics, and capabilities of device drivers resident within driver interconnection/capability information block  304 .  
         [0052]    It should be noted that abstract interface  220  may take the form, as in one embodiment, of a function library capable of receiving and processing function calls. Generally, abstract interface  220  defines a fully abstracted environment for facilitating device driver and transport driver development. For example, external functions previously required by transport and device drivers such as registering and interception of hardware interrupts, are off loaded and performed by abstract interface  220  by employing predefined abstract interface functions. Therefore, device drivers may be developed entirely in a platform independent high level language such as C, and then may be easily recompiled to run on any other environment or platform employing abstract interface  220 . Such standard driver functional support is comprised within standard driver function support  302 .  
         [0053]    In one embodiment, abstract interface  220  is implemented as a function library which may be represented as a wrapper surrounding transport and device drivers to facilitate interaction with other operating system components. All interactions between device drivers and transport drivers, device drivers and the operating system, and device driver and physical devices are executed via calls to abstract interface  220 . In one embodiment, the function library is packaged in an export library as a set of abstract functions and is incorporated as in-line macros for maximum performance in the host operating system. When transport and device drivers are installed, they link against the function library.  
         [0054]    As discussed above, abstract interface  220  provides a fully abstracted specification to which device drivers may be written. Such an interface allows device drivers to be easily ported, in many cases with a simple recompilation, to other abstract interface operating environments. Therefore, device and transport drivers need not know detailed information such as entry points of the other&#39;s functions. Instead, each driver registers their functionality and function entry points with abstract interface  220  upon loading. One such example of abstract interface  220  is the Network Driver Interface Specification (NDIS) by Microsoft® incorporated into Windows NT®.  
         [0055]    As introduced above, abstract interface  220  is further comprised of driver interconnection/capability information store  304  which is but one example of a means for receiving capability indicators from drivers when they are loaded or installed into the computer system. Such indicators may be stored in a means implemented as a storage table or other data structures capable of being indexed by a device handle. Furthermore, check driver capability block  364  represents an example of a means for evaluating the capabilities of a specific driver by referencing a storage means within driver interconnection/capability information  304  for determining the inherent capabilities of a specific driver such as the extent of support for multi-packet transfers. Such information is compiled into abstract interface  220  upon loading or initialization of the requested driver and referenced thereafter.  
         [0056]    [0056]FIG. 6 represents a simplified diagram illustrating the dispatch of a plurality of packets upon a network. As discussed above, a device driver and a physical device exchange data packets between each other by placing the data packets in predetermined data buffers accessible by both entities. When a plurality of buffers are employed, they may be figuratively represented as circular buffers  310 . In the present invention, when a plurality of data packets are transferred from a transport layer to a device driver in a single command, they may each populate a buffer within circular buffer  310 . When circular buffer  310  is populated, physical device  130  is notified and begins sequentially extracting data packets for dispatch over network  322 . A timeline  324  represents a sequential train of data packets  312 ,  314 ,  316 ,  318  and  320 . It should be noted that by transferring a plurality of data packets to a device driver, physical device  130  may continuously retrieve and transmit data packets, thus placing them in close proximity with one another over a network. By placing data packets or transmitting data packets in close proximity over a network, the overall throughput of the transfer of bulk data can be improved. That is to say, if data packets are individually transferred from the transport layer to the device driver, the network incurs an inherent latency or spacing of data packets resulting when a device driver notifies a transport layer of the completion and awaits delivery of a subsequent data packet.  
         [0057]    In summary, the present invention provides a system and method for transferring a plurality of data packets between a transport layer and a link layer device driver via an abstract interface therebetween. The recipient of destination driver receives a plurality of data packets while an acknowledgment that impacts the performance of the overall system is generated less frequently. In the case of transmitting a plurality of data packets from a transport driver to a link layer device driver, a single acknowledgment suffices for responding to the transfer of several data packets. The present invention also provides a system and method for transferring a plurality of received data packets from a link layer device driver to a transport driver via an abstract interface while minimizing the impact of acknowledgments that occur when individual packets are transferred.  
         [0058]    The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrated and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.

Technology Classification (CPC): 7