Patent Abstract:
A flexible liner system provides for instrumentation and sampling within a cavity. An elongated flexible liner effectively contacts wall portions of the cavity when inflated within the cavity and has a top and a bottom and has perforations open to the cavity wall portions at selected locations along the liner. At least one sleeve is sealed to the flexible liner and extends from the top portion of the liner to a perforation at one of the selected locations along the liner to define a sealed interior open to a cavity wall portion. A well casing may be place within the sleeve for fluid sampling or for emplacing instrumentation adjacent the perforations in the flexible liner.

Full Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application 60/120,270, filed Feb. 16, 1999. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to borehole liners, and, more particularly, to the use of long flexible liners to emplace instruments and sampling devices in boreholes and the like. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     In drilling boreholes for emplacement of measurement or sampling devices, the common practice is to install the desired device in the borehole and then to seal the entire hole with a sealing material. U.S. Pat. No. 5,176,207, issued Jan. 5, 1993, to Keller, teaches the use of a flexible tubular member to both seal and support a borehole and to carry instruments into a borehole as the flexible member is everted into the borehole. Instrumentation and sampling devices can then be placed directly in contact with the surrounding structure. These everting liners may be installed from the interior of a pressure canister into the hole or otherwise everted into a borehole or other cavity. 
     An alternative to drilling single wells to obtain water samples at several elevations in an aquifer is to install several wells of different depths in one deep hole (called nested wells). However, the sealing of a bundle of well casings is difficult. Hence vertical flow in the interstitial spaces in the nested well bundle can prevent the isolation required for the several wells. This problem of a vertical seal of several wells in one hole is especially evident when installing several wells in a very slender, economical borehole. 
     The present invention allows the emplacement of several wells in a borehole that is sealed, not by a fill material poured around the wells, but rather, with a pressurized flexible liner surrounding the wells. System components are available as needed for repair or replacement. The hole remains open and available for other purposes. 
     When flexible liners are everted into boreholes, and the like, any instrumentation and sampling tubing attached to the liner must evert with the liner. The instrumentation and tubing will then have to conform to the radius of curvature of the liner at the bottom end of the everting liner. In a small diameter borehole, this radius of curvature will be quite small and can limit the use of such instrumentation and sampling tubing. Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to permit the use of everting liners for sampling and instrumentation in small diameter boreholes. 
     Various objects, advantages and novel features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     To achieve the foregoing and other objects, and in accordance with the purposes of the present invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, a flexible liner system provides for instrumentation and sampling within a cavity. An elongated flexible liner effectively contacts wall portions of the cavity when inflated within the cavity and has a top and a bottom and has perforations open to the cavity wall portions at selected locations along the liner. At least one sleeve is sealed to the flexible liner and extends from the top portion of the liner to a perforation at one of the selected locations along the liner to define a sealed interior open to a cavity wall portion. A well casing may be place within the sleeve for fluid sampling or for emplacing instrumentation adjacent the perforations in the flexible liner. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the present invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings: 
     FIGS. 1A and 1B are side and top cross-section views, respectively of a flexible liner with an interior sleeve according to one embodiment of the present invention. 
     FIG. 2 is a side cross-section showing sampler well emplacement in a well formed in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 3 is a side cross-section showing a sampler well fully emplaced in the liner well. 
     FIGS. 4A and 4B are side cross-sections showing an embodiment having several wells in a single liner for multiple sampling/instrumentation placements. 
     FIG. 5 is a side cross-section showing inversion removal (or deflation) of the liner from a borehole, or the like. 
     FIGS. 6A and 6B are side and top views of an alternate construction of a well in a flexible liner. 
     FIGS. 7A and 7B are cross-sections illustrating the use of a small diameter inverting liner to install an instrument/sampling tube in a sleeve. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In accordance with the present invention, a pressurized flexible liner is everted within a borehole, or other cavity such as a pipe, to seal the cavity. Sleeves are located on either the external or internal surface of the liner so as to allow, e.g., a well screen and casing or instrumentation device to be emplaced in each sleeve. The sleeve isolates the well casing from the fluid in the liner and allows the well to draw water (or other pore fluids) from the formation surrounding the bore hole. Likewise, instrumentation can be placed and removed from selected locations along the cavity while maintaining support of and contact with the cavity wall. The result is a set of nested wells at relatively low cost with exceptionally good isolation of each well screen from the others. 
     The installation of a flexible liner into a borehole or pipe can be done in many ways. Examples of such installations are: U.S. Pat. No. 4,064,211 by Wood; U.S. Pat. No. 5,176,207 by Keller; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/484,299, filed Jan. 18, 2000, by Keller; or by simply lowering the liner into the hole. The emplaced liner has the features shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B. The impermeable liner  10  has an open upper end and a closed lower end. The lower end may be attached to a tube or cord (not shown) for retrieval of the liner by inversion. In accordance with the present invention, impermeable sleeve  12  is attached to a surface of liner  10 . As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, sleeve  12  is preferably attached to the interior surface of liner  10 , but sleeve  12  could be attached to the exterior surface (surface that faces the cavity) of liner  10 . In a preferred design, liner  10  and sleeve  12  are formed of thermoplastic materials and are “welded” together using a hot press process. 
     At the elevation from which the pore fluid is to be extracted, liner  10  defines one or more perforations  14  to allow access of the pore fluids into the interior of sleeve  12 . If sleeve  12  is on the exterior of liner  10 , sleeve  12  will define perforations  14 . The interior  16  of liner  10  is filled with a pressurizing fluid, typically water, that urges liner  10  against the hole wall to effect a seal against vertical flow in the hole. The level of fluid  22  in liner  10  is higher than the level of fluid  24  in the formation  18  to assure the dilation of liner  10  against the hole wall. Sleeve  12  initially has only that fluid that has seeped into sleeve  12  from formation  18 , but the fluid pressure in the interior of liner  10  tends to collapse sleeve  12  and prevent any such fluid accumulation in sleeve  12 . 
     FIG. 2 depicts emplacement of a slender well casing and screen assembly  32  in sleeve  12 . The rounded end  34  of screen  36  is inserted into sleeve  12  and pushed downward until the fluid pressure against the exterior of sleeve  12  resists further insertion. A liquid (e.g., water) is then added to the interior of well casing  42  at the top. The water flows downward in casing  42  and out of screen section  36  to dilate sleeve  12  against the fluid pressure in liner  10 . Since the water is added to well casing  42  at a higher level  44 , the fluid pressure inside sleeve  12  is greater than that in liner  10 . This excess pressure dilates sleeve  12  and allows well casing  42  to be inserted deeper into sleeve  12 . 
     When well casing  42  reaches the depth desired to align screen  36  with the perforations  14  in liner  10 , as shown in FIG. 3, the installation of well casing  42  is complete. Now the water can flow from the formation through perforations  14  in liner  10  into slotted screen  36  at the bottom end of well casing  42 . The water  44  rises in well casing  42  to allow withdrawal of the water using a variety of pumping methods. A bailer, a pump tube  48  from a pump at the surface, or a check valve  46  can be included in well casing  42  above screen  36  to allow the water to be forced up a central tube  48  by displacement with a gas pressure provided in well casing  42 . 
     FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate an embodiment with liner  10  having several interior sleeves  60 ,  61  to allow pore water sampling at several elevations in a single liner. Another feature is U shaped “stirrups”  58  that may be formed of strips of flexible material welded at locations  59  into the bottom end of sleeves  60 ,  61  to prevent well casings  53 ,  55  from being forced past the proper location in the sleeves. Stirrups  58  also serve as a seat for the well casings so that the casings do not rest against the welded lower end of the sleeves and cause a failure of the end weld of the sleeves. Typically, the two side pieces of the stirrup are welded one to the liner and the other to the opposite side of the sleeve to support the end of the casing. 
     FIG. 5 shows inversion of sleeved liner  10  from the hole after the well casings are withdrawn, if desired. The well casings are removed by simply filling the casing with water to dilate the sleeve against the liner water fill pressure. The casing is withdrawn from the sleeve in the reverse of the installation procedure. Once the casings are removed, liner  10  can be inverted from the hole by pulling upward on central tether  56  provided for that purpose. In some situations, the central tether is a tube that may be used in the emplacement procedure for liner  10 . 
     FIGS. 6A and 6B depict an alternate construction of interior sleeve  62 . In this embodiment, water tight sleeve  62  is a separate tubular passage connected at its bottom end to orifice  64  through the wall of liner  10 . The tubular passage provides a conduit as a sleeve continuously welded to the wall of liner  10 , as described for FIGS. 1A and 1B. Sleeve  62  may be made of a very thin walled flexible material. Tubular sleeve  62  may also be attached to the wall of liner  10  at many locations with straps  66 , or a discontinuously welded sleeve, to allow liner  10  to be inverted from the hole or everted into the hole. 
     FIGS. 7A and 7B show the installation of a tube  71  in the continuously welded sleeve  12 . In some instances, tube  71  lacks the rigidity of the well casings, discussed above, and must be pulled into sleeve  12  via a small diameter everting liner  72 . Everting liner  72  is driven by the addition of water at annulus  74 . The resulting water level  76  inside everting liner is higher than water level  77  inside sealing liner  10 , which is higher than the water table in the formation  78 . The result of these three relative levels is that liner  10  is dilated in the hole and sleeve  12  is distended by everting liner  72 . Everting liner  72  is attached to tube  71  above the slots in tube end  75 . 
     As everting liner  72  everts, tube  71  is drawn downward through the interior of sleeve  12 . Everting liner  72  and tube  71  are sized such that, when everting liner  72  is fully extended, perforated end  75  of tube  71  extends into sleeve  12  adjacent perforations  14  in sealing liner  10 . FIG. 7B shows how the water in the formation is free to flow into tube  71  through perforations  14  and into slots  75 . Water level  79  in tube  71  rises to a level equal to water level  78  in the formation. This tube geometry allows water to be pumped from the formation via tube  71 . In an unsaturated medium, the same installation procedure allows pore gas to be drawn from the formation via tube  71 . 
     The installation of a flexible tubing in the sleeves with everting liners allows the use of the method in holes that are too crooked to allow a rigid well casing to be installed in the sleeves. The everting liners and tubing are removed very simply by pulling upward on the central tube. The same procedure can be used to install tubing in horizontal sealing liners. 
     Applications 
     When a hole is drilled into a stable geologic medium, the hole is often stable and self supporting. A flexible liner can be everted, or lowered, into the hole, as desired. The water fill of the liner will support and seal the hole against vertical flow much like an inflatable bladder. This is a relatively inexpensive device for sealing the hole. By providing the sealing liner with the interior sleeves of this invention, well casings, or tubing, can be emplaced in the sleeves to obtain water samples from several depths in the hole sealed by the liner. The number of sampling elevations is only limited by the number of sleeves that can be emplaced on the interior surface of the liner. 
     In another application, the flexible liner can be emplaced in an unstable hole temporarily supported by a rigid liner as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/484,299, filed Jan. 18, 2000. The rigid liner can be removed while the hole is supported by the flexible liner. After the rigid liner is withdrawn from the hole, the well casings can be emplaced in the interior sleeves of the flexible liner left in place. This has been done in holes formed by a rigid push rod. The hole formed is very slender (2-3 inch diameter). A particular advantage was that the interior dimension of the rigid liner was too small for any tubing of use in sampling. After the flexible liner dilates in the hole, there is sufficient room for the emplacement of the well casings. 
     In another application, the flexible liner can be emplaced in a horizontal hole by the common eversion of a flexible liner into a hole. Once the flexible liner is in place, the well casings can be inserted in the interior sleeves to gain the ability to withdraw from, or inject fluids into, the formation. 
     An advantage of the installation of a flexible liner into a hole, especially a slender hole, is that the liner seals the hole much like a packer (a common inflatable bladder used to seal holes). The quality of the seal of an inflatable liner in the hole is more predictable and of better quality than the common method of filling the annulus between the hole wall and the well casing with a granular or liquid fill material. This is especially true for the sealing of a bundle of well casings in a hole with the associated difficulty of sealing the interstitial spaces of the casing bundle with the fill material. By having all the well casings interior to the sealing liner, the interstitial spaces need not be filled except by the pressurizing fluid in the liner. The fluid is in place before the casings are installed in this method. 
     Another inherent advantage of this method is that a flexible liner can be inverted into a slender passage without the tubing attached to the liner as is the case in U.S. Pat. No. 5,176,207, to Keller. Once the liner is in position, the tubing can installed separately via the sleeves without the need to evert the tubing with the liner. This allows the use of much more stiff and larger tubing than can be inverted with the liner to withdraw or inject fluids. 
     The foregoing description of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention in various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims appended hereto.

Technology Classification (CPC): 4