Patent Abstract:
A retaining clip for use in combination with building siding panels of the type which simulate wooden clapboard. The siding panels have two or more longitudinal outwardly and downwardly depending declination portions. The clips comprise thicker main body portions attachable to the building-side face of declinations of the siding panels, and thinner flexible arm portions. A protruding stop detent extends from the face of the flexible arm portion. The detent is spaced apart from the main body portion of the retaining clip. Building siding panels having retaining clips of the invention are also provided, as are methods of siding a building with the modified siding panels. The modified siding panel assemblies preferably have retaining clips attached to at least one end of each declination portion of the siding panels in an orientation which permits insertion of the declination portion of a horizontally adjacent panel between the flexible arm portion of the retaining clip and the building side of the declination portion of the panel to which the clip is attached. A detent can be used on the face of the retaining clip to resist horizontal movement of the inserted panel as the panel is inserted, but such detent does not prohibit horizontal movement of the inserted panel, thus providing for thermal expansion of the mounted siding panels.

Full Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a Divisional application claiming priority under 35 U.S.C. 120 to application Ser. No. 09/393,829 filed Sep. 10, 1999 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,170,215 which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Panels of a variety of structural designs for use in siding or covering the exterior walls of buildings have been known for a long time. These siding elements are generally constructed of a metal, typically aluminum, or a thermoplastic material. In the latter case, poly(vinyl chloride) or “PVC” is typically employed because of its superior resistance to weathering. 
     In order to simulate the clapboard wooden siding commonly used in home construction, metal or thermoplastic siding elements are typically constructed with so-called “declinations” or downwardly and outwardly extending flat portions which are connected by horizontal shoulders. Additionally, structural features are provided on the siding elements including an uppermost nailing strip and elements which permit interlocking panels above or below one another. These siding panels are typically supplied commercially in so-called “two-wide” and “three-wide” versions. In two-wide panels, there are two declinations: an upper declination and a lower declination, connected by a short horizontal shoulder. Three-wide siding panels have three such declinations, with horizontal shoulder regions connecting the upper to the middle declination and another horizontal shoulder connecting the middle declination to the lowest declination. 
     The rear or building-facing view of one such siding panel  100 , which finds current wide use in the building trades, is illustrated in FIG. 1 in rear perspective view. The panels are commercially provided in long sections, typically in lengths of 12 feet (3.66 meters) to 16 feet (4.88 meters). In FIG. 1, the center portion of the illustrated panel has been removed to show only the first  102  and second  104  end regions of the panel. 
     The panel  100  comprises a first upper  106  and a second lower  108  substantially flat declination region. The upper declination  106  is connected to the lower declination  108  by substantially horizontal shoulder region  110 . A similar shoulder region  112  is attached to lower declination  108 . The shoulder  112  attached to the lower declination  108  is further provided with a re-curved edge region  114  which extends upwardly and slightly inwardly toward the back or inside face of lower declination  108 . This re-curved edge of lower shoulder  114  is designed to fit into a substantially S-shaped recurve on the next lower panel in a manner shown in FIG.  4  and further described below. 
     The upper declination  106  of the siding panel  100  is surmounted by an integral nailing strip and clamping region. The nailing strip and clamping region of the siding panel is made up of an upper flat nailing strip  116  which is perforated by nailing holes  120  As the flat nailing strip merges with the upper declination  106 , the panel forms a clamping region  118  which forms, in side view, a substantially S-shared recurve  122 . The lower end of this S-shaped clip region  118  merges with the upper declination  106 . The nailing strip  116  and S-shaped recurve portion of the first  102  and second  104  ends of panel  100  are trimmed at the factory to form first  124  and second  126  cut-outs, respectively, in the upper nailing strip  116  and S-shaped recurve  122 . Similar cut-outs  128  and  130  are made in the lower shoulder region  112  and its recurve portion  114 . 
     When siding panels of this type are applied to a building, a special initial nailing strip or “starter strip” shown in FIG. 2 is first attached at the bottom of the wall being sided. This starter strip  200  comprises the nailing strip portion  216 , an S-recurve portion  222 , and nail holes  220  of a siding panel, but lacks the declination portions. 
     FIG. 3 depicts, in cross-sectional side view, how a first siding panel of the type shown in FIG. 1 is attached to a building wall. Following attachment of the starter strip  200 , of FIG. 2, to the building wall  310  by means of nails  306 , the recurve  114  of the lower shoulder  112  of a first siding panel is inserted into the S-shaped recurve  222  of the starter strip. The panel is pulled firmly upward, and nailed (through nailing holes  120  in its top nailing strip  116 , not shown in FIG. 3) to the building wall  310 . Subsequent siding panels are similarly attached to the wall of the building, proceeding upwardly, clipping the lower shoulder recurve  114  of each successive panel into the upper S-shaped clamping region  118  of the siding panel immediately below. 
     This arrangement can be seen in FIG. 4 where a cross-sectional side view of two vertically adjacent siding panels are shown fastened to the wall of a building. In FIG. 4, the lower declination  108   a  of an upper siding panel and the upper declination  106  of a lower siding panel, both of the type shown in FIG. 1, are shown fastened to a building wall  310 . The lower shoulder region  112   a  of the upper panel, with its recurve  114   a , is shown clipped into the S-recurve  122  of the lower panel. Both the nails holding the starter strip and the nails securing the siding panels to the building wall are not completely driven into the building wall  310  through the elongated nail holes. This permits lateral thermal expansion and contraction of the siding panels after being mounted to the building wall. 
     As the siding is laid up, the lateral joints between adjacent sets of attached siding panels are staggered, rather than being vertically aligned, to provide a pleasing appearance. Typically, the nailing strips and bottom declination shoulders of commercially available siding panels are notched during manufacture to assist in the side-by-side interlocking of adjacent panels. These cut-outs can be seen as elements  124 ,  126 ,  128  and  130  in FIG.  1 . By clipping the notched lower shoulder of one panel and its recurve of each siding panel into the S-recurve clamp of the panel (or starter strip) immediately adjacent below, horizontally adjacent siding panels can be overlapped making use of these cut-outs. This arrangement can be seen in FIG. 5 where two siding panels,  102  and  102   a  of the type depicted in FIG. 1 are shown overlapping. 
     In FIG. 5, for purposes of illustration, the two panels are shown as abbreviated in length. Panel  102   a  is shown overlapped behind panel  102 . The terms “front” and “rear” or “in front of” or “behind,” “up” and “down,” “inwardly” and “outwardly” with regard to the siding panels or elements thereof, as used throughout this specification and the appended claims refer, respectively, to the faces and orientation of the panels and panel elements once the panels are applied to a building. 
     In the following discussion, reference numerals without prime marks are used in referring to elements of panel  102  and the same reference numerals with prime marks are used for corresponding elements of panel  102   a . As can be seen in FIG. 5, the overlap is achieved by inserting the cut-out  128 ′ in the lower left-hand rear face of panel  102   a  into the cut-out  130  in the lower right-hand rear -ace of panel  102 . In a similar manner, the cut-out  126  in the nailing strip and S-recurve at the upper right-hand face of panel  102  is inserted into the cut-out  124 ′ in the upper left-hand rear face of panel  102   a . As a result of this overlap, a portion of cut-out  126  in panel  102  is clipped into the S-recurve at the top of panel  102   a . During installation of the siding, the two panels are overlapped, retaining a gap  550  in the cut-outs between horizontally adjacent panels to permit thermal expansion and contraction of the panels. The overlap is indicated by the dotted line in FIG. 5 which represents the hidden rearward right-hand edge  560  of panel  102 . 
     This prior art combination of lateral overlapping of horizontally adjacent siding panels, and vertical interlocking and nailing (in the manner described above) results in the firm attachment of each siding panel to a building wall at the upper and lower extremities of each panel. However, this arrangement does not provide for adequate interlocking of the intermediate declinations of one siding panel to those of a panel next horizontally adjacent. The problem exists with two-wide siding panels, and is considerably exacerbated with three-wide and wider siding panels. There are four undesirable effects of this lack of interlocking: first, gaps in the declinations of one siding panel and those immediately horizontally adjacent are unsightly. Second, wind can catch and pull off a siding panel if gaps exist between the declination of one panel and those of its neighbor. Third, a loose fit between the declinations of one panel and those of a horizontally adjacent panel permit rain to enter and cause water damage and rot to the underlying wooden structure. Finally, insect infestation behind the mounted siding can cause bulging in the siding if gaps in the declination overlap permit insect entry. There is thus a strong need in the building trades for an improved type of vinyl siding which overcomes these problems. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     These, and other problems are solved by the present invention which provides, in its broadest aspect, a retaining clip for use in combination with building siding panels of the type which simulates wooden clapboard. The panels have a first end and a second end, and two or more longitudinal outwardly and downwardly depending declination portions. The uppermost declination portion of the panels are surmounted by a longitudinal clamping region having a substantially S-shaped recurved cross-section and a longitudinal nailing strip. The lowermost declination portion of the panels terminates at its lower extremity with an upwardly curving longitudinal edge which is receivable in the S-shaped recurved clamping region of a vertically adjacent siding panel when the panels are mounted to a building wall. 
     The retaining clips of the principal embodiment of the invention comprise a body having first and second ends, first and second sides, an upper face and a lower face. The lower face of the clip is divided into two portions, the first lower face portion being offset from the second lower face portion in a direction away from the upper face to define a ledge which divides the retaining clip into a thicker main body portion and a thinner flexible arm portion depending therefrom. The lower face of the flexible arm portion is provided with a protruding stop detent spaced apart from the ledge of the retaining clip. 
     In an alternative embodiment, the end of the retaining clip distal from the main body portion of the clip is curved so that when the clip is attached to a rear-face of a declination portion of a siding panel, the end of the clip curves away from the rear face of the declination portion of the panel to which the clip is attached, providing a facile starting point for the insertion of an adjacent siding panel in use. 
     In accordance with a second embodiment of the invention, there are provided building siding panels having a retaining means for lateral or side-by-side clamping of a declination portion of one siding panel to the corresponding declination portion of a laterally adjacent siding panel. The siding panels are of a type which simulates wooden clapboard and have one or more retaining clips of the present invention attached. The panels have two or more longitudinal outwardly and downwardly depending declination is portions. The uppermost declination portion of the siding panels is surmounted by a longitudinal clamping region having an S-shaped recurved cross-section and a longitudinal nailing strip. The lowermost declination of the siding panels terminates at its lower extremity with an upwardly curving longitudinal edge, the upwardly curving edge of the lowermost declination being receivable in the S-shaped recurved clamping region of a vertically adjacent siding panel. A retaining clip of the invention is attached to at least one end of each declination portion of the siding panels in an orientation which permits the insertion, during use, of the corresponding declination portion of a horizontally adjacent siding panel between the flexible arm portion of the clip and the building-side or rear face of the panel to which the retaining clip is attached. 
     In an alternative embodiment, a retaining clip is attached to each end of each declination portion of the siding panel, the clips being vertically staggered from one another on the declination portions of the panel to prevent interference with one another when the siding is mounted to a building. 
     In a third embodiment, the invention provides a method of siding a building with the modified siding panels of the invention. The method comprises the steps of (a) attaching a first panel to the wall of the building; (b) laterally inserting the end of a second panel declination portion between the retaining clips and the building-side face of the corresponding declination portion of the attached first panel; (c) sliding the second panel horizontally until movement of the second panel is retarded by the detent on a retaining clip of the attached first panel; and (d) attaching the second panel to the wall of the building. 
     The retaining clips of the present invention, and modified siding panels having the clips attached, provide for a tight interlock of adjacent siding panels mounted to a building wall providing improved protection of the underlying wall structure against wind, rain and insect infestation damage. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 shows a pictorial view of a prior art siding panel. 
     FIG. 2 shows a pictorial view of a prior art starter strip. 
     FIG. 3 shows a cross-section of a prior art starter strip of FIG. 2 mounted to a wall of a building. 
     FIG. 4 shows a cross-section of a prior art joint between vertically adjacent siding panels, fastened to a building. 
     FIG. 5 shows a pictorial view of ends of horizontally adjacent prior art siding panels, including conventional end-to-end engagement of the siding panels. 
     FIG. 6 shows a pictorial view of a first embodiment of siding clips of the invention. 
     FIG. 7 shows a pictorial view of a second embodiment of siding clips of the invention. 
     FIG. 8 shows a pictorial view of a third embodiment of siding clips of the invention. 
     FIG. 9 shows a side view of a tapered clip of the invention as in FIG.  6 . 
     FIG. 10 shows a side view of the clip of FIG.  8 . 
     FIG. 11 shows a pictorial view of the back of a siding panel of the invention employing end clips of the invention. 
     FIG. 12 shows a pictorial view of the back of a siding panel of the invention employing a second embodiment of end clips of the invention. 
     FIG. 13 shows a pictorial view of portions of two panels of the type depicted in FIG. 12 clipped together in a side-by-side arrangement using curve-ended retaining clips. 
     FIG. 14 shows a pictorial view of end portions of a siding panel having retaining clips which are attached to each end portion of each declination portion of the siding panel. 
     FIG. 15 shows two siding panels clipped together in side-by-side arrangement. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Various embodiments of a siding retaining clip in accordance with the present invention are shown in perspective view in FIGS. 6-10. In FIG. 6, a flat embodiment  600  of a retaining clip of the present invention is shown. The clip  600  comprises a thicker main body portion  602  and a thinner flexible arm portion  604  extending therefrom. The clip has first  606  and second  608  ends, first  610  and second  612  sides, an upper face  614 , and first  616  and second  618  lower face regions. The first lower face region  616  of the clip is off-set from the second lower face region  618  in a direction away from the upper face  614  of the clip forming a ledge  617  separating the main body portion  602  of the clip  600  from the depending arm portion  604 . A detent  620  protrudes from and extends across the second lower face region  618  from first side  610  to second side  612  and is spaced apart from the ledge  617 . 
     The clip may be fabricated of any flexible and resilient material such as metal or plastic, with thermoplastic materials being preferred. A particularly preferred material is poly(vinyl chloride), “PVC”, of the same composition as that employed in the manufacture of vinyl siding panels. The clips may be fabricated of two or more parts or, preferably, are formed as a unitary body by injection molding, stamping, or other methods well known in the thermoplastic arts for forming plastic articles. The dimensions of the clip are not critical, but typically range between about 2 and 3.5 inches (5.1 and 8.9 cm) in length and between about one and two inches (2.54 and 5.1 cm) in width. The clip at its thinnest, near second end  608 , preferably ranges between about 0.025 and 0.075 inches (0.06 and 0.19 cm). 
     In one embodiment, upper face  614  of the retaining clip and lower face region  616  are angled slightly towards one another. This can be seen in FIG. 9 which is a side view presentation of the clip of FIG.  6 . The dotted lines represent the extensions of the upper face  614  and first lower surface  616 . The dihedral angle between the upper face  614  and the first lower face region  616  of the clip, represented by angle ABC in FIG. 9 preferably ranges between about 2° and about 5°. As a consequence of this preferred range of angles, the greatest thickness of the clip, near end  606 , ranges between (tan 2°)L and (tan 5°) L, where L is the length of the clip. For the above-recited lengths of a typical clip, the greatest thickness of the clip would range between about 0.08 and 0.3 inches (0.20 and 0.76 cm). This angling of faces  614  and  616  toward one another ensures that when lower face  616  of the retaining clip is attached to a siding panel, the distal end  608  of the flexible arm  604  touches, or is very near, the surface of the siding panel to which the clip is attached. Thus, when an adjacent siding panel is inserted under this flexible arm of the retaining clip (as described below), the flexible arm of the clip is slightly distorted and the resulting restoring force firmly holds the inserted siding panel in place. 
     Whether the flexible arm touches the surface of the siding panel (e.g. panel  1100 ), or is near the siding panel, in either case, flexible arm  604  inherently defines a space between the inner surface of lower facing region  618  and the inner face of the siding panel declination to which the clip is attached. Such space, along with any distortion of the arm when an adjacent siding panel is inserted under the flexible arm, defines the space which receives the end of the adjoining siding panel between the siding panel and clip. 
     FIG. 7 depicts a preferred alternative embodiment  700  of the clip of the present invention which has a slight outward curve  740  near the second end  708  of the clip. By “outward curve” is meant that the depending flexible arm portion  704  of the clip  700  is curved so that second lower face  718  is curved in a convex manner and the upper face  714  is curved in a concave manner in the region of the clip  700  near its end  708 . The clip  700  has otherwise essentially the same elements and construction as the flat clip depicted in FIG. 6 described immediately above. The use of the curved-end clip embodiment shown in FIG. 7, and its advantages, are discussed further below. 
     An, alternative embodiment of the retaining clip is shown as  800  in FIG.  8 . In this embodiment, planes of the faces  814 ,  816 , and  818  of the retaining clip are substantially parallel. In this embodiment of the clip, it is preferred that the offset between face  816  of the main body portion of the clip and face  818  of the flexible arm portion of the clip is roughly equal to the thickness of commercial siding panels, i.e. roughly equal to about 0.025 inches to about 0.05 inches (0.64 mm to 1.3 mm). 
     In the flat and curved clip embodiments of the retaining clip shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the detent feature  620  or  720  is shown as a half-round which extends either entirely (FIG. 6) or partially (FIG. 7) across the second lower face  618  or  718  of the flexible arm of the clip from the first side  610  ( 710 ) to the second side  612  ( 712 ). As shown in FIG. 8, and in the side view of FIG. 10, the protruding detent  820  may also take a triangular cross sectional shape. 
     These detents are spaced apart from the ledge (e.g.  617  in FIG. 6) separating the main body portion and the depending arm portion of the retention clips by a distance corresponding to the amount of expansion anticipated in the siding, once installed, typically by about ⅜ inches (0.94 cm). The detents are spaced apart from the ledges in a direction toward the second end of the clip. This feature is made clear by reference to FIG. 6 in which detent  620  is spaced apart from ledge  617  in a direction toward second end  608  of clip  600 . The purpose and function of the detent feature of the retention clips is discussed further below. 
     In its use in combination with siding panels, the first lower face region  616  (as in FIG. 6) on the main body portion  602  of the clip  600  is attached to the rear face of the declination of a siding panel. It is important that the area on the clip devoted to this function is sufficient for firm bonding of the clip to the siding panel. It is likewise important that the clip arm  604  portion of the clip be of sufficient length to have the needed flexibility. For this reason, the main body portion  602  and the flexible arm portion  604  of the clip are of preferably of roughly the same length and width dimensions. Seated otherwise, the first lower face region  616  and second lower face region  618  of the clip preferably occupy roughly equal portions of the lower face of the clip. 
     In its preferred use with PVC or “vinyl” siding, the clip is preferably also fabricated of PVC. As a result, the clip has the requisite flexibility, resilience, and resistance to weathering. Being also made of PVC, the clip can be quickly and rigidly bonded to the siding panel by means of a PVC cement of the type manufactured by Hercules Chemical Co, Inc., 111 South Street Passaic, N.J. 07055-7398 or by means of a strong weather-resistant double-sided peel-and-stick type tape such as Scotch® brand Y4945VHB tape available from 3M Company, St. Paul, Minn. 55144-1000. Alternatively, such techniques as thermal or ultrasonic bonding well known in the plastic fabrication arts may be used. The attachment of the clips to the rear face of the declinations of a siding panel can be done either during manufacture, or in the field as the siding is applied to a building. In a preferred embodiment, the clips are attached to the siding panels during manufacture. However, it is frequently necessary in the field to cut siding panels during application to a building for purposes of fit. As a result, the end of a cut panel section might lack a retaining clip, resulting in unnecessary scrap. The field installation of a clip of the invention to such a cut segment minimizes the amount of scrap pieces, with the attendant cost savings. 
     FIG. 11 depicts in rear perspective view an improved two-wide siding panel assembly  1100  according to another embodiment of the present invention. The Figure depicts the left-hand end portion  1102  and right-hand end portion  1104  of a panel with the center portion of the long siding panel removed for purposes of illustration. Declination retention clips  600   a  and  600   b  of the flat angled type depicted in FIGS. 6 and 9 are shown attached to the rear faces of upper  1106  and lower  1108  declinations of the panel, roughly centered vertically on each declination. It is understood that, in a three-wide siding panel, declination retention clips would be attached to, and roughly centered vertically on each of the three declinations at one or both ends of the panel. In four-wide and wider siding panels, declination retention clips would be similarly located at one or both ends of the panel, each roughly centered vertically on each of the declinations. 
     In FIG. 11, the declination retention clips  600   a  and  600   b  illustrated are of the angled and “flat clip” embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 9, having the features discussed above. These angled and flat clips are preferably attached to the siding panel  1100  in such a manner that the ledge on the clip separating the main body portion of the clip from the depending arm portion is aligned with the nearest cut-out on the siding panel. Thus in FIG. 11, retention clip  600   a  is attached to the siding panel so that ledge  617   a  is aligned with edge  1125  of cut-out  1124  as indicated by dashed line  1170 . Similarly, the lower retention clip  600   b  is attached to the siding panel so that its ledge  617   b  is aligned with inner edge  1129  of cut-out  1128  as indicated by dashed line  1171 . This alignment feature permits the proper positioning of retention clips which are attached to siding panels in the field by siding installers. Alignment of the retention clip ledges and cutouts ensures, in turn, proper alignment of the detents on each retention clip. 
     When retention clips of this flat design are employed in fabricating the improved siding of the invention, it is preferred that the clears be of a length such that, when aligned as discussed above, the second ends  608   a  and  608   b  of the respective clips  600   a  and  600   b  extend slightly beyond and overhang the edge  1160  of the siding panel. This overhang of the retention clips provides a starting point for insertion of a laterally adjacent panel between the retention clip and the declination panel bearing the clip as discussed below. 
     FIG. 12 depicts in rear perspective view an improved two-wide siding panel assembly  1200  according to another embodiment of the present invention. The figure corresponds in every regard to the panel and clips of FIG. 11, with the exception that the curved-end clips of the embodiment shown in FIG. 7 have been attached to one end of each of the rear face of the declination portions of the siding panel. FIG. 12 depicts the left-hand end portion  1202  and right-hand end portion  1204  of a panel with the center portion of the long siding panel removed for purposes of illustration. Curved-end declination retention clips  700   a  and  700   b  are attached, respectively, to the rear faces of upper  1206  and lower  1208  declinations of the panel, roughly centered vertically on each declination. As discussed above, the ledges of the retention clips are aligned with the nearest cut-out. Thus in FIG. 12, retention clip  700   a  is attached to the siding panel so that ledge  717   a  is aligned with edge  1225  of cut-out  1224  as indicated by dashed line  1270 . Similarly, the lower retention clip  700   b  is attached to the siding panel so that its ledge  717   b  is aligned with inner edge  1229  of cut-out  1228  as indicated by dashed line  1271 . However, unlike the panel embodiment with the angled flat retention clip design, the clips of the curved-end design are or a length such that when attached and aligned, their outer ends are flush with the end of the siding panel. Thus in FIG. 12, when aligned as discussed above, the second ends  708   a  and  708   b  of the respective clips  700   a  and  700   b  are flush with the edge  1260  of the siding panel. This flush-ended feature permits easier packaging of multiple siding panels than is the case in the flat clip design siding where the clips slightly overhang the ends of the siding panels. With the curved-ended retention clip embodiment, the recurve on the end of the clip provides the starting point for insertion of an adjacent panel and, as a result, there is no need for the ends of the clips to extend beyond the edge of the siding panel, as with the angled flat clips. 
     FIG. 13 shows two panels assembly  1200   a  and  1200   b  of the type depicted in FIG. 12 clipped together in a side-by-side arrangement using the curve-ended retaining clips depicted in FIG.  7 . The two panels are shown with their lengths somewhat abbreviated for purposes of illustration. As viewed from the rear, the right hand end of siding panel  1200   a  has been inserted behind the left hand end of siding panel  1200   b . The upper declination portion  1206   a  of left hand panel  1200   a  has been inserted between flexible arm  704   c  of retaining clip  700   c  and the rear ,ace of declination portion  1206   b  of panel  1200   b  so that edge  1263  abuts detent  720   c  on clip  700   c . Similarly, the lower declination portion  1208   a  of left hand panel  1200   a  has been inserted between flexible arm  704   d  of retaining clip  700   d  and the rear face of declination portion  1208   b  of panel  1200   b  so that edge  1263  abuts detent  720   d  on clip  700   d . The cut-outs at the tops and bottoms of each panel interlock in the manner described previously. 
     Thus, siding panels  1200   a  and  1200   b  have been laterally interlocked at four, rather than two points along the ends the panels in contradistinction us the prior art arrangement shown in FIG.  5 . The resulting interlock arrangement ensures improved resistance to wind, moisture, and insect damage described above. 
     FIG. 14 shows a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention where retaining clips are attached at each end of each declination portion of the siding panel assembly. In FIG. 14, a single siding panel  1400  is shown with the center portion of the panel removed for purposes of illustration. The left hand end  1402  of the siding panel is shown with flat retaining clips  600   a , and  600   b  of the types depicted in FIG. 6 attached, respectively, to the lefthand end of the upper declination portion  1406  and lower declination portion  1408  of the panel. In a similar manner retaining clips  600   c  and  600   d  are shown attached, respectively, to the upper declination portion  1407  and lower declination portion  1409  of the right hand end of panel  1400 . The retaining clips attached to each declination portion of the siding panel are staggered vertically with respect to one another, so that when two such panels are clipped together in a side-by-side arrangement as shown in FIG. 15, there is no interference. Thus, retaining clip  600   a  is shown attached to declination portion  1406  of the panel slightly above retaining clip  600   c  at the other end of the panel. Similarly, clip  600   b  is shown attached to lower declination portion  1408  slightly above clip  600   d.    
     In FIG. 14, the retaining clips illustrated are of the angled flat embodiment of FIG. 6, and are shown as extending slightly beyond the respective ends of the panel in the manner discussed above. It is to be understood, however, that retaining clips of any embodiment of the present invention may be used in the panel embodiment in which the clips are provided at both ends of each declination portion. 
     FIG. 15 illustrates two panel assembly  1400   a  and  1400   b  of the type depicted in FIG. 14 clipped together in a side-by-side manner. The two panels are shown as abbreviated in length for purposes of illustration. The right-hand end of panel  1400   a  is shown inserted under the clips  600   a  and  600   b  in the same manner as described above, and the edge  1563  abuts the detents  620   a  and  620 . Clips  600   c  and  600   d  are unused. 
     The retention clips and improved siding having such retention clips attached thus present the following advantages over known vinyl siding: first, siding panels of the present invention install without unsightly gaps between laterally adjacent panels in the area of the panel declinations. Second, the siding panels of the present invention are less susceptible to wind damage. Third, the siding panels of the present invention are less susceptible to moisture or insect invasion behind the mounted panels. Finally, panels of greater width (three-wide, four-wide) can be fabricated and mounted to building walls with less problems associated with the attendant increase in the vertical spacing between nailings. 
     While there have been shown and described the preferred embodiments of the retention clips and improved siding of the present invention, it will be readily apparent to one of skill in the relevant art that various modifications may be made in these embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention as it is described in the appended claims.

Technology Classification (CPC): 4