Patent Abstract:
The delivery of web content over an IP based network is accelerated by utilizing an intermediate node to receive requests for ML files, analyze ML files and create multipart objects that compound two or more browser&#39;s objects referenced by browser&#39;s links in the original ML file. The ML file is modified by replacing browser&#39;s links with multipart URLs that represent the multipart objects. When a subsequent user requests the page, the modified ML page is sent to the user and the multipart objects are more quickly and efficiently loaded into the user&#39;s browser.

Full Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This patent application is a U.S. non-provisional application filed pursuant to Title 35, United States Code §100 et seq. and 37 C.F.R. Section 1.53(b) claiming priority under Title 35, United States Code § 119(e) to United States Provisional Application for Patent having been assigned the Ser. No. 60/767,444 and filed on Mar. 28, 2006, which application is herein incorporated by reference. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present invention relates to the field of data communication and, more particularly, to a system and method for accelerating data communication to improve the performance of browsing web pages. 
         [0003]    The Internet is an exceedingly popular medium for data communication between computers. The Internet is a hierarchy of many computer networks, all of which are interconnected by various types of server computers. Some of the servers interconnected through the Internet also provide database housing or storage of a plurality of web pages. These web pages may be retrieved by users, also referred to as surfers, operating computers that are connected to the Internet and running browser applications. Following are few exemplary browser applications such as but not limited to Openwave Systems Inc. or Opera Mobile Browser (a trademark of Opera Software ASA), Microsoft Internet Explorer (a trademark of Microsoft), Firefox Web Browser, etc. Many current web pages are defined by markup languages (ML) files, including but not limited to, languages such as HTML, XML, WML, SGML, HDML etc. HTML is an acronym for Hyper Text Markup Language, XML is an acronym for Extensible Markup Language and WML is an acronym for Wireless Markup Language. SGML is an acronym for Standardized General Markup Language. HDML is an acronym for Handheld Device Markup Language. It should be noted that the terms “HTML”, “XML”, “SGML”, “HDML” and “WML” may be used interchangeably herein. Henceforth, the description of different embodiments of the present invention may use the term ‘HTML’ as a representative term for any of the various forms of markup languages unless specifically limited to a particular markup language. 
         [0004]    A ML file contains various commands, instructions, data and references (links) that together, define the overall appearance of a web page once it is fetched and rendered using a browser or other similar application. Common HTML files may comprise information that is relevant to the web page, information such as but not limited to a style sheet, text, images, Java Scripts, links to a style sheet, links to Java Scripts, links to additional objects, links to other web pages, etc. A web page can be composed from a plurality of objects or segments of the web page that together comprises the web page. The objects can be distributed over a plurality of servers. 
         [0005]    Usually, an HTML file comprises links to the above-described objects rather than the objects themselves. This technique is widely utilized, thus most HTML files only include basic text and links to style sheets, Java scripts, images, and other objects and not the style sheet or the object itself. A portion of the links are used automatically by the browser during parsing of the page—these links are referred as browser&#39;s links. For example, links to Java scripts, style sheets, and images can be browser&#39;s links. Other links are displayed to be selected by the surfer; those links are referred as surfer&#39;s links, for example, links to other web pages. 
         [0006]    While surfing the World Wide Web (WWW), a surfer (a user), utilizing a browser equipped computer, may send an HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) request to a web server. In response, the web server may send an HTML file that defines the requested web page. In the disclosure of different embodiments of the present invention, the term computer represents any type of data communication device including, but not limited to, a laptop computer, a PDA, a cellular unit, a notebook computer, a personal computer, etc. Upon receiving the HTML file, the browser begins parsing the HTML file. When a browser&#39;s link is found, the browser may stop or pause the parsing process, establish a new connection according to the browser&#39;s link or use an existing connection, wait to get the object, parse the object and accordingly, may continue parsing the HTML file. In some cases, for example, when the browser&#39;s links define a style sheet, then presenting of the text can be delayed until receiving the style sheet. Handling of the browser&#39;s links during the rendering or presentment of the web page has an effect on the flow and timing of the presentment, and has an impact on the experience of the surfer. 
         [0007]    Furthermore, fetching the objects by the browser increases the load on the Internet and increases the time for fetching the page due to the overhead of setting new connections to the plurality of servers at which the objects are stored as well as the time that it takes to send the request and get the response. This problem is exacerbated when the connection of the surfer&#39;s computer is done over a narrow bandwidth link such as a cellular link or when the web-servers are overloaded. 
         [0008]    There are some prior art methods that can be used to reduce the impact of fetching of a plurality of objects. Some of the methods convert an HTML file into another file format, such as a bitmap, for example, to be transmitted to a surfer. Another prior art method, which is disclosed in PCT application serial number PCT/IL 2005/001099 uses an intermediate device operating between a surfer who requested a web page and a content server that delivers the web page. The intermediate device receives a markup language file received from the content server and is directed to a requesting client device. The ML file is parsed and at least one browser&#39;s link is identified. Then, the a browser&#39;s object that is associated with the identified browser&#39;s link is fetched and placed into the ML file in place of the browser&#39;s link to create a modified markup language file that includes the objects instead of the browser&#39;s links. The modified markup language file is transferred to the requesting client device. This method improves the time to text and increases the user experience. 
         [0009]    Although the above-described prior art methods improve the user&#39;s experience in surfing the web, they have some limitations. For example, the first mentioned prior art eliminates the benefit of using a common web page. For example, a user cannot copy a section of the converted web page and use it in his document. The other prior art method may delay the first response to the user since the objects have to be retrieved by the intermediate device and the modified ML file has to be constructed. 
         [0010]    Therefore there is a need in the art for a system and a method for reducing the number of objects that a browser fetches during rendering a web page, with minimum side effect on the user. Such a system may reduce the download time of a web page, improve the time to text of the page and reduces the load over the net. 
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0011]    Different embodiments of the present invention resolve the above-described needs in the art by using one or more compound objects, wherein each compound object comprises one or more objects of independent data types. An exemplary compound object can be a multipart object, an archive object such as a zip file, etc. A multipart object is a data object that consists of multiple objects of independent data types, such as but not limited to: images (jpeg files, gif files), JavaScript, Cascading Style Sheet Language files, etc. The multipart object enables sending multiple objects to the browser within a response to a single request. The multipart object eliminates the need to establish a plurality of connections to fetch the plurality of browser&#39;s objects and accelerates the presentation of a web page. More information on multipart objects can be found in RFC number 822 and/or RFC number 2557, each of which can be retrieved from IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) site www.IETF.org. The content of these RFCs is incorporated herein by reference. 
         [0012]    Exemplary embodiments of the present invention benefit from a statistical fact that a large number of browser&#39;s objects that are included in a common web page are public objects. A public object is an object that is not defined as a private object. Defining an object as a private object is a feature of the communications protocol HTTP 1.1. Usually an object that is marked as a private object is an object that is created for a certain session and for a certain user. According to the HTTP 1.1 protocol, a private object is not cacheable at any intermediate node between the source of the object and the user. The private object can be cached only at the user&#39;s computer. The source content server of a private object can save components of the private object but not the object as a completed entity. The private object can be reconstructed per each request of the same user. More information on private objects can be found in RFC 2616 at the web site of the IETF: www.IETF.org, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference. A large portion of the browser&#39;s objects in a common web page are public objects. Most of the images (jpeg files, gif files), JavaScript, Cascading Style Sheet Language files, etc. are public objects. Those files can be used by a plurality of users and in a plurality of sessions. Furthermore, public objects can be cached by an intermediate node. 
         [0013]    Another statistical fact which is relevant to some embodiments of the present invention, is that a significant portion of the traffic over the Internet comprises popular pages that are requested by a plurality of users. Therefore, utilizing a common browsing process of a web page by a first requester to accelerate the browsing process of the same web page to a following plurality of requesters, can reduce the load over the network and improve the satisfaction of the plurality of the following requesters. 
         [0014]    Different embodiments of the present invention solve the above-described needs by providing a system and method for improving a user&#39;s experience while surfing the Internet. An exemplary system can be installed at a service provider premises (SPP). The service provider can be a telecom carrier, such as but not limited to, a cellular service provider, a satellite communication service provider, a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) carrier, an access network service provider, etc. Other exemplary embodiments of the present invention can be installed in an Internet Service Provider (ISP) premises, or at content provider premises, for example. 
         [0015]    An exemplary embodiment of the present invention can be installed as an HTTP proxy server in a node along the path between the client and the web server. For example, an embodiment of the present invention can be installed at a service provider&#39;s premises in front of a border gateway or a border router to intercept the data communication traveling to and from the Internet. Exemplary embodiments of the present invention can be transparent to the user&#39;s device as well as to the content server. 
         [0016]    An exemplary embodiment of the present invention may listen to the requests that are sent to the Internet and the responses to those requests. If a request is for fetching a web page, then a converting table can be searched for an entry that is associated with the web page. The search can be based on the URL of the web page, for example. A URL is an abbreviation of Uniform Resource Locator, the global address of documents and other resources on the World Wide Web. If an entry is not found, this is an indication that the request is for a new page or a one that has an expiration date that has been passed and that the relevant entry and cached data for that page have been released. In this situation, a “New Page” process can be initiated. During the New Page process, exemplary embodiments of the present invention may wait until receiving the response, an ML file, an HTML file for example. The ML file can be sent to the requester, as is. In parallel, a copy of the ML file can be parsed, a list of browser&#39;s links is created and the new page process may wait for incoming requests for objects that are associated with the browser&#39;s links of the list. 
         [0017]    The converting table may have a plurality of entries with each such entry being associated with a URL. The URL can be a URL of a web page or of a browser&#39;s object, for example. Each entry will have a plurality of fields that are used for storing tracking information. Tracking information can include: the URL, expiration date of the relevant object, source IP address, the location of the relevant multipart object in the cache, etc. An exemplary converting table can be implemented by a data structure, for example. 
         [0018]    The received requests to those browser&#39;s objects are transferred to their destination (content servers) and the responses to those requests are intercepted. A copy of each response is saved in the cache and the response is transferred as is to the user. In parallel, a copy of the response is parsed and a decision is made as to whether or not the object is a public object. An exemplary embodiment of the present invention may parse the response searching for a field in the header that defines whether the response is a private object. If the response is not a private object it is classified as a public object. Then the converting table is updated with the classification of the object as well as its location in the cache. Thus, the first user that requests a new page (one that does not exist in the cache of the system) does not receive the benefit from the above-described operations of the exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
         [0019]    Other exemplary embodiments of the present invention may use common caching criteria in order to determine whether an object is cacheable. Exemplary caching criteria are disclosed in RFCs that are relevant to caching servers, such as but not limited to RFC 2616. 
         [0020]    After collecting the received public objects, one embodiment of the present invention may create a compound object, such as multipart object. Henceforth, the description of different embodiments may use the term ‘multipart’ as a representative term for any compound object. The multipart object can include the received public objects. This multipart object is given an expiration date (Time out). The expiration date will be the earliest expiration date among the ones that belong to the objects that make up the multipart object. Another exemplary embodiment of the present invention may create two or more multipart objects. Different criteria can be used to divide the public objects into two or more multipart objects. As a non-limiting example, the criteria may include but not be limited to the expiration date, size, object type, location of the public object in the web page, etc. Each one of the multipart objects may have a different expiration date. Each multipart object can be store in the cache and an entry, which is associated with the multipart object (MPO), is added to the converting table. The entry can include the location of the MPO in the cache, expiration date, list of objects, etc. 
         [0021]    After storing the one or more multipart objects in the cache, the relevant entries in the converting table are updated. Each one of the public objects that is included in the multipart object is associated with the URL of the multipart object (the location of the multipart object in the cache). For example, an entry in the converting table that is associated with a public object can include a multipart URL (MURL). The MURL may represent the URL of the relevant multipart object in the cache, as well as the URL of the relevant public object. At this point in time, the new page process is terminated and the exemplary embodiment of the present invention is ready for the next request to the same web page. 
         [0022]    In the situation that a requested web page was previously handled by an embodiment of present invention, then an entry that is associated with the requested web page (requested URL) can be found in the converting table. Then, the request is transferred to the Internet and the exemplary embodiment may wait for the response. Upon receiving the requested ML file, the converting table is searched for an entry that is associated with the source URL. If an entry is found, which indicates that this ML file has been processed before and one or more MPOs have been created and stored in the cache, then, a decision is made whether the requesting browser can handle multi part objects. If not, the received ML file is sent as is to the requester. If the requester browser can handle multipart objects, then the ML file may be parsed and modified into a modified ML file (MML) on the fly. Per each browser&#39;s link an entry is searched in the converting table. If an entry is found and the entry includes an MURL, the original URL (in the ML file) is replaced with the MURL for creating the MML file. Otherwise, the URL remains as is. The MML is transferred toward the requester. 
         [0023]    In an alternate exemplary embodiment of the present invention a first MML which was created based on a public ML file can be stored in the cache. In such embodiment the location in the cache of the MML can be written in the relevant entry in the converting table. The relevant entry can be the entry that is associated with the URL of the requested public ML file. Upon receiving a second request for the same original URL of the requested ML file, then the MML file can be retrieved from the cache and be sent to the user. 
         [0024]    Yet in an alternate exemplary embodiment of the present invention an MPO may be created on-the-flay instead of being prepared and stored in the cache. In such embodiment the public objects are stored in the cache and a list of the public objects that compose a MPO is stored in the converting table. Upon receiving a request for an MPO based on the MURL the list of the objects are retrieved and the MPO is created and be sent to the requester. 
         [0025]    An alternate exemplary embodiment of the present invention may serve also a first requester of a new page. If a first requester has a browser application that can process a multipart ML file, such as Microsoft Internet Explorer for example, the alternate embodiment of the present invention can hold the received ML file; parse it; order relevant browser&#39;s links; and conduct the new page process. At the end of the new page process, a Modified ML (MML) file can be created and sent to the requester instead of the received ML file. 
         [0026]    At the user&#39;s device, the browser parses the MML file and for each converted link (MURL) of which its associated MPO is not stored in the browser&#39;s cache, a request to the MURL is sent according to the converted link. A converted link (MURL) is a link that was modified during the new page process. A MURL can include information that is associated with the location of the appropriate multipart object in the cache of the exemplary embodiment, and information on the location of a current object (the object that will replace the link). Upon receiving the response with the multipart object, the multipart object is stored in the browser&#39;s cache, and is parsed by the browser. The relevant object is retrieved from the MPO and used by the browser as originally intended. 
         [0027]    The browser continues parsing the MML file. When the browser encounters a link to another public object having an MURL, which is associated with the same multipart object, the appropriate MPO is retrieved from the browser cache. The MPO is parsed and the appropriate object is retrieved by the browser from the MPO to be used by the browser. If the link is an MURL of another MPO, the browser may check its cache or send a request for the new MURL. When an unmodified link is found by the browser, a request is sent toward the link. 
         [0028]    In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention a browser application can be adapted to parse an MPO into a plurality of objects. Each object can be stored in the cache of the browser according to the original URL of the object. 
         [0029]    An exemplary embodiment of the present invention may have a timer process that searches the converting table looking for entries that have expired. When such an entry is found, the relevant one or more locations in the cache can be deleted, as well as the relevant one or more entries in the converting table. The first request for a web page that has been deleted from the cache and/or the converting table will result in initiating a new page process for this page to include fresh information in the cache. 
         [0030]    Other objects, features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description of the embodiments with the accompanying drawings and appended claims. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING 
         [0031]      FIG. 1  illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary communication system that implements an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0032]      FIG. 2  illustrates a block diagram of relevant software modules of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0033]      FIG. 3  illustrates a flowchart with relevant steps of an exemplary method that may be used by an exemplary UTS Manager Module (UTSMM). 
           [0034]      FIG. 4  illustrates a flowchart with relevant steps of an exemplary method that may be used for processing a request. 
           [0035]      FIG. 5  illustrates a flowchart with relevant steps of an exemplary method that may be used for processing a ML file. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0036]    Turning now to the figures in which like numerals represent like elements throughout the several views, exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described. For convenience, only some elements of the same group may be labeled with numerals. The purpose of the drawings is to describe exemplary embodiments and not for production. Therefore features shown in the figures are chosen for convenience and clarity of presentation only. 
         [0037]      FIG. 1  depicts a block diagram with relevant elements of an exemplary communication system  100  that implements or incorporates an exemplary embodiment or aspects of the present invention. The communication system  100  has been selected as an exemplary environment that is suitable for implementing exemplary embodiments of the present invention. The communications system  100  may be a cellular data communication network, satellite networks, access networks, Internet Service Provider (ISP), or other type of network or communication system. Within the context of this description, the terms cellular, satellites, wireless, and ISP may be used interchangeably and at times, may have the same meaning. 
         [0038]    System  100  may comprise one or more endpoints  110 ; a service provider premises (SPP)  130 , a network  140  such as but not limited to the Internet, which can be referred also as the world wide web (WWW); and one or more Content Servers  150 . An exemplary SPP  130 , among other elements, may include an access gateway (AGW)  132 , a Surfing Acceleration Server (SAS)  134  and a border gateway (BGW)  138 . Furthermore SPP  130  may include a portal  137  of the service provider. In other embodiment portal  137  can be connected directly to network  140 . 
         [0039]    It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that depending upon its configuration and the needs, system  100  may include more than three of Content Servers  150  and endpoints  110 . However, for purposes of simplicity of understanding, three units of each are shown. It should be noted that the terms “content server”, “web server” may be used interchangeably herein. Henceforth, the description of embodiments of the present invention may use the term ‘server’ as a representative term for a content server a web server or any other type of server that may be surfed by a user. It should be noted that the terms “endpoint”, “endpoint computer”, “client”, “surfer”, “user&#39;s device” and “user” may be used interchangeably herein. 
         [0040]    System  100  is based on Internet Protocol (IP). It may represent one or more network segments, including but not limited to one or more Internet segments, one or more Intranets, etc. System  100  may run over one or more types of physical networks such as but not limited to Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), Cellular network (G2, G3 &amp; G3.5), satellite, etc., or even over a combination of two or more of these physical networks. System  100  may include intermediate nodes along the connection between a client and a content server. The intermediate nodes may include, but are not limited to, IP service provider servers, cellular service provider servers and other type of service provider equipment. 
         [0041]    A plurality of endpoints  110  may be served by the System  100  and able to access the content servers  150  via the SPP  130  and the Internet  140 . A common endpoint  110  may run a browser software application to surf the network and to communicate with one or more content servers  150 . An exemplary browser application can be Internet Explorer (a trademark of Microsoft), for example. Exemplary endpoints  110  can be a personal computer (PC), a notebook computer, a cellular phone, handheld computer, a personal data assistant (PDA), or any other computing device with wire or wireless communication capabilities, etc. 
         [0042]    The plurality of endpoints  110  are connected via data links  120  to the Access Gateway (AGW)  132  within the SPP  130 . The connection between the endpoints  110  and the SPP  130  may be via intermediate nodes (such as a base station etc,) not shown in  FIG. 1 . The AGW  132  acts as an access gateway between the network protocol that is used over communication links  120  and the IP network that is used over the SPP  130 . Exemplary AGW  132  may be a Remote Access Server (RAS), Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN), Packet Data Serving Node (PDSN), CDMA2000 Radio Access Network (RAN) or any other similar node. 
         [0043]    Border Gateway (BGW)  138  is the interface between the Internet  140  and the SPP  130 . BGW  130  may route the upload communication toward the appropriate destination over network  140 . When the upload traffic is a request to a web page, the BGW  130  routes the request to the appropriate content server  150 . The terms BGW and the Border Router may be used interchangeably throughout this description. In the download direction, the BGW  138  receives incoming packets from the different content servers  150  and distributes them to the appropriate modules of the SPP  130 . Usually packets that are targeted toward an endpoint are transferred to the AGW  132 . 
         [0044]    An exemplary embodiment of the Surfing Acceleration Server (SAS)  134  can intercept traffic being communicated between the AGW  132  and the BGW  138  and receives all the packets that are flowing between the AGW  132  and the BGW  138 . Therefore the SAS  134  receives the data traffic that is transferred between the plurality of endpoints  110  and the plurality of the content servers  150 . In one exemplary embodiment, the SAS  134  may be configured as the default gateway for both sides of the SPP  130 , (i.e., for AGW  132  and for the BGW  138 ). In another exemplary embodiment, the SAS  134  may physically reside between the AGW  132  and the BGW  138 . In both cases, the SAS  134  may be transparent to both sides of the connection, to the endpoint  110  or to the content servers  150 . In an alternate exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the SAS  134  may be used as a non-transparent HTTP proxy for example. In such a case, endpoints  110  can be configured to include the SAS  134  as their HTTP proxy, for example. In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention the SAS  134  can be configured as a transparent HTTP proxy. Such an embodiment may use redirection method. 
         [0045]    Common data traffic between a user  110  and a content server  150  consist of a large number of connections. Each connection can carry one or more requests, which are followed by one or more responses. There are cases that the overhead, which is involved with each request/response and each packet, is larger than the content of the data of the object. An exemplary SAS  134  is adapted to intercept the traffic between the content servers  150  and the users  110 , and to create one or more compound objects or multipart objects. Each compound object consists of two or more independent browser&#39;s objects. A browser&#39;s object is an object that is fetched automatically by a browser. The SAS  134  is further adapted to modify received ML files coming from the servers  150  to include links to those multipart objects instead of the originals links to the browser&#39;s objects that are contained within the relevant multipart object. 
         [0046]    Consequently, the traffic between the users  110  and the content servers  150  is reshaped. The number of requests/responses is reduced from a need of submitting a request to support each object to a fewer number of requests according to the number of the compound objects (a multipart object, for example) that is compounded from a plurality of individual objects. The reshaping of the traffic is analogous to collecting a plurality of single passengers traveling in private cars into one bus or train. More information on the operation of SAS  134  is depicted below in conjunction with  FIGS. 2-5 . 
         [0047]      FIG. 2  is a block diagram illustrating relevant elements of a Surfing Acceleration Server (SAS)  200  that operates according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The SAS  200  may be associated with an SPP  130  ( FIG. 1 ) as an intermediate node between an AGW  132  and a BGW  138 . Within the context of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model seven layer communication stack, an exemplary SAS  200  can be implemented by a software module on top of an HTTP proxy. 
         [0048]    In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the SAS  200  can be operative to shape the traffic between a plurality of surfers  110  ( FIG. 1 ) and a plurality of content servers  150  ( FIG. 1 ). In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention the SAS  200  can be configured as a proxy at the remote endpoints  110 . In such an embodiment of the present invention, an exemplary SAS  200  may comprise an HTTP proxy  230 , a Factory of User&#39;s Traffic Shaper Module (FoUTSM)  240 , a plurality of User&#39;s Traffic Shaper Module (UTSM)  250   a - c , one per each current user  110  that is communicating via the SAS  200 , a shard memory (SM)  260  and a cache  270 . It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that depending upon its configuration and the needs, the SAS  200  may comprise more than three of UTSMs  250   a - c . However, for purposes of the simplicity of understanding, three units of each are shown. 
         [0049]    In an alternate exemplary embodiment of the present invention (not shown in the drawings), the operation of the SAS  200  can be transparent to the user. In such an example, a Redirector can be used. The Redirector collects packets coming from the plurality of endpoints  110  ( FIG. 1 ) toward the plurality of the content servers ( 150 ) and redirects the packets to the SAS  200 . In addition, the Redirector maintains the connections that were initiated by the users and takes care to handle IP address of packets going toward the users. An exemplary redirector can be a Content Inspection Director (CID) (a product of Radware Ltd, Israel). 
         [0050]    The FoUTSM  240  is adapted to manage the operation of the SAS  200 . As such, it can manage a converting table that is used for recording information on current activity of the entire SAS  200 . The converting table may have a plurality of entries. Each entry will be associated with a link (URL). It can be a link to a web page or to a browser&#39;s object. Each entry will have a plurality of fields. Exemplary fields can be assigned to an expiration date of the object, source IP address, the location in the cache  270  of the relevant multipart object, etc. The converting table can be stored in shared memory  260 . The FoUTSM  240  may have a timer application. The timer application can periodically search the converting table for expired entries (those that their expiration date has been expired); retrieve the location in the cache  270  that is relevant to those entries; and delete the cache&#39;s resources that have been allocated to objects that are associated to expired entries. Then, the timer application can delete the expired entries from the converting table. 
         [0051]    Furthermore, the FoUTSM  240  can be adapted to receive packets coming from the plurality of users  110  via HTTP proxy  230 , and to determine whether the packet was received from an existing user or a new user. This determination can be made based on a user table. A user table can include an entry per each existing user. An entry can comprise an identifier of the user and an associated UTSM  250  that has been assigned to that user. An exemplary identifier of the user can be the user&#39;s IP address. The associated UTSM  250  can be defined by an address of a queue in the shared memory  260  that has been allocated to the UTSM  250 . The user&#39;s table can be used for routing data segments between the internal modules of the SAS  200 . In an alternate exemplary embodiment of the present invention HTTP proxy  230  may be adapted to search the user&#39;s table for an entry that is relevant to the user. In this application the words “packet” and “data segment” can be used interchangeably. 
         [0052]    If an entry is found in the user&#39;s table, then the received data segment is placed in the queue of the relevant UTSM  250 . If an entry was not found, which means that the data segment was sent from a new user, then the FoUTSM  240  can create a new UTSM  250 . In an embodiment in which the HTTP proxy  230  is adapted to search the user&#39;s table, if an entry is not found then the packet is transferred to the FoUTSM  240  for creating a new UTSM  250 . Appropriate computing resources can be allocated to the new UTSM  250  as well as a queue in the shared memory  260  and a new entry in the user&#39;s table. The new entry includes the new user identifier, as well as the address of the queue of its associated UTSM  250 . At the end of this process the data segment is placed in the queue of the new UTSM  250  and the FoUTSM  240  can handle the next packet coming from a user. When the connection with a user  110  is terminated, the FoUTSM  240  is adapted to verify that MMM  256   a - c  and MPB  254  have finished their task. If not USSM  252  may remain active as long as one of them is active. If yes, then UTSMM  252  can terminate the appropriate UTSM  250 , to release the resources that have been allocated to this user and to delete the entry in the user&#39;s table that have been allocated to the user. 
         [0053]    After its initiation by the FoUTSM  240 , a UTSM  250  may perform the functionality that is needed for shaping the traffic between its associated user and the one or more content servers. The UTSM  250  communicates with its associated user and the current content server via the HTTP proxy  230 . Among its tasks the UTSM  250  may create one or more compound objects, such as multipart objects (MPO), modify ML files to include links to multipart objects instead of browser&#39;s links to an object. An exemplary UTSM  250  may comprise a UTS manager module (UTSMM)  252 , a multipart builder (MPB)  254  and one or more ML file manipulator module (MMM)  256   a - c —one MMM  256  per each concurrent handled ML file. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that depending upon the needs, the UTSM  250  may comprise more than three of MMM  256   a - c . However, for purposes of simplicity of understanding, three units of each are shown. In case that a user opens several connections in parallel, the HTTP proxy  230  and the FoUTSM  240  are adapted to route the appropriate chunks of data to appropriate queues of the different modules of UTSM  250   a - c.    
         [0054]    The UTSMM  252  can be adapted to retrieve data segments from its associated queue in the shared memory  260 . The data segments in the queue can be placed by the HTTP proxy  250  for a user who has an entry in the user&#39;s table or a data segment can be placed in the queue by the FoUTSM  240  for a new user. The retrieved data segment can be parsed by the UTSMM  252 . If the data segment belongs to an ML file, the data segment can be transferred to a queue of the appropriate MMM  256   a - c  for further processing as described below in conjunction with  FIG. 5 . If the data segment is a request or an object, it can be processed by the UTSMM  252 . In parallel, if the data segment belongs to an object, it will be stored in the cache  270 . More information on the operation of the UTSMM  252  is disclosed below in conjunction with  FIG. 3  and  FIG. 4 . 
         [0055]    The MPB  254  is adapted to create one or more multipart objects. An exemplary MPB  254  may operate according to RFC 2557 and compounds two or more objects into a multipart object (MPO). The MPB  254  may receive a list of objects from the MMM  256 , as it is depicted below in conjunction with  FIG. 5 . Then a decision is made on the number of MPOs to be created in order to replace a plurality of objects that are associated with an ML file. In an alternate exemplary embodiment, a plurality of objects may be organized in an MPO according to expiration date. In another exemplary embodiment, the objects can be selected according to their sizes in order to create a minimum number of packets. Yet an alternate exemplary embodiment of the present invention may use a combination of the above methods in order to select the objects that will be compounded into an MPO. 
         [0056]    After defining the objects to be associated with each MPO, the objects are retrieved from the cache  270 , based on the converting table, and then combined into the MPO. The one or more MPOs are saved in the cache and an entry is allocated in the converting table for each MPO. The entry can include the expiration data of the MPO, the location in the cache (the URL of the MPO), etc. Then an MURL value is defined per each browser&#39;s object that has been embedded within an MPO. The MURL may represent the location of the relevant MPO in the cache  270  as well as the original URL of the browser&#39;s object. An exemplary MURL may use Microsoft mhtml scheme. An exemplary MURL may be constructed as follows: mhtml:http://local_server/flashnetworks.mht!http://www.flashnetworks.com/images/1.gif. The MURL can be written in the appropriate field in the entry that is associated to the original URL. 
         [0057]    At this point, the MPB  254  is ready to create another MPO. In an alternate exemplary embodiment of the present invention the task of the MPB  254  can be embedded in the task of the MMM  256  as it is disclosed in  FIG. 5 . Yet in an alternate embodiment of the present invention the MPB  254  can be located outside of the UTSMs  250  module that can serve two or more UTSM  250 . 
         [0058]    In an alternate exemplary embodiment of the present invention, in which an endpoint  110  includes a client application of the SAS  200 , the MPB  254  may create a ZIP file as a compound object. The ZIP file may include two or more objects with their associated links and may be sent in response to a request for a URL in which the ZIP file is saved in the cache  270 . The SAS client application at the endpoint  110  may be adapted to open the ZIP file and to store the two or more objects that were embedded in the ZIP file in the cache of the endpoint according to their associated links. 
         [0059]    Yet alternate embodiment of the present invention may use a browser application, which is adapted to parse a compound object; to retrieve each one of the objects that are embedded within the compound object, and store each one of the objects in the browser&#39;s cache according to the URL of each object. In such an embodiment, an ML file may be modified to include one or more links to invisible objects. Each link will point to one of the compound objects. The links can be added at the beginning of the modified ML file. The URLs in the browser&#39;s links will remain without change and will not be modified to MURL. 
         [0060]    The shared memory  260  is used as an interface between the different modules of the SAS  200  and for storing the converting table and the user&#39;s table. Each one of the modules may have a queue in the shared memory  260 . Transferring information between the different modules can be done by placing a pointer to the information in a queue that is associated with the relevant module. The cache  270  can be a database, a persistence memory, or a cache proxy, for example, that stores information on the plurality of objects and MPOs. The information in the cache  270  is written by the UTSMs  250  and may be deleted by the timer application of FoUTSM  240  as mentioned above. Information on the location of the different objects in the cache can be stored in the converting table. In an alternate exemplary embodiment of the present invention cache  270  can be a commercial cache server or proxy that is associated with SAS  200 . 
         [0061]      FIG. 3  illustrates a flowchart with relevant steps of an exemplary process  300  that can be used for handling a received packet. The process  300  can be implemented by a UTS manager module (UTSMM)  252  ( FIG. 2 ). The process  300  may be initiated  302  by the FoUTSM  240  ( FIG. 2 ) upon receiving a request from a new user  110  ( FIG. 1 ). It is initiated in association with or after creating a new UTSM  250  ( FIG. 2 ) that will be associated with the new user. After initiation  302 , the process  300  may run in a loop as long as the user  110  is active. During initiation  302 , the UTSM  250  may get information on relevant resources, such as but not limited to its queues in the SM  260 , any relevant entries in the user&#39;s table that are associated with the user, the location of the converting table, the locations of the queues of relevant modules, etc. 
         [0062]    At step  304  &amp;  306 , the queue of the UTSM  250  ( FIG. 2 ) is checked to determine if it contains a pointer to a next packet  304 . If not, the process  300  waits for a period of time  306  and then returns to recheck the queue  304 . However, if a pointer to a next packet is found in the queue, the process  300  retrieves the packet and may parse the header of the packet in order to define  308  the type of the packet. If  308  the packet is a request to a web page or to an object, the process  300  may initiate  320  a request processing task  400 . Task  400  is described below in conjunction with  FIG. 4 . An alternate embodiment of the present invention may have a requester module as one of the modules of UTSM  250 . In this situation, a request packet may be placed in the queue of the requester module. The requester module may perform a similar task to process  400 . 
         [0063]    If the received data segment belongs to an ML file  308  the data segment is transferred to the MMM  256  ( FIG. 2 )  330  and processed by the ML Task  500  at step  502  of  FIG. 5 . If it is determined at step  308  that the packet is a responded object  340  that was received from one of the content servers  150  ( FIG. 1 ) then the process  300  may proceed to step  342  for further processing of the responded object. 
         [0064]    At step  342 , the converting table is searched for an entry that is associated with the responded object. The search can be based on the URL from where the object was sent. The entry, if found in the converting table, was created earlier when a request (step  320 ) to this object was received from the user that is associated with the relevant UTSM  250  ( FIG. 2 ). If an entry was not found  344 , then process  300  proceeds to step  350  and the data segment is sent toward its final destination via HTTP proxy  230  ( FIG. 2 ). If an entry was found  344 , then the parsing of the data segments continues to determine if the object is a whether the object is a private object  345 . 
         [0065]    If the object is a private object  345 , then the relevant entry that is associated with the URL of the object is deleted from the converting table, also the browser&#39;s links list is updated  348  by removing the relevant link from the list and process  300  continues at step  350  by sending the data segment toward its destination via the HTTP proxy. However, if the object is not a private object  345 , then the object (which is a public object) is saved in the cache  346 ; the relevant entry in the converting table is updated with the type of the object, the location in the cache, and the expiration date; and the list of the browser&#39;s links is updated  346  by indicating the reception of the object. Process  300  continues at step  350  by sending the data segment toward its destination via the HTTP proxy  230  ( FIG. 2 ). 
         [0066]    When an object is carried by two or more packets, the step of saving the object in the cache  346  can be adapted to aggregate, in the cache  270  ( FIG. 2 ), the received chunks of the object in order to reconstruct the object before adding it to a MPO. 
         [0067]      FIG. 4  illustrates a flowchart with relevant steps of an exemplary process  400  that can be used by UTSMM  252  ( FIG. 2 ) for handling a user&#39;s request packet. In an alternate exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a requester module may be included in each UTSM  250  ( FIG. 2 ). In such an embodiment of the present invention, the request task process  400  may be handled by the requester module. The request task process  400  may be initiated  402  by the UTSM process, upon identifying that a received packet is a request from the associated user (step  320  of  FIG. 3 ). After initiation  402 , the request task process  400  may parse the header of the packet in order to retrieve the destination URL of the packet  404 . After retrieving the URL  404  the converting table can be searched  406  for an entry that is associated with the retrieved URL. 
         [0068]    If an entry is found in the converting table  410 , then the relevant field in the entry is retrieved to determine if  412  the requested object is in the cache  270  ( FIG. 2 ). If the requested object is in the cache  412 , the responded object is retrieved from the cache and is sent  414  toward the associated user  110  ( FIG. 1 ) via HTTP proxy  230  ( FIG. 2 ). The request task process  400  transfers the control to UTSM Manager Module task  300  at step  304 . If the requested object is not in the cache  412  (the requested object is a private object, for example), then the request is sent as is  434  toward its destination, a content server  150  ( FIG. 1 ), for example, via HTTP proxy  230  ( FIG. 2 ). The request task  400  then transfers the control back to the UTSM Manager Module task  300  at step  304 . 
         [0069]    Returning to step  410 , if it is determined that an entry was not found, then an entry is created  416  in the converting table and the URL that is associated with the request is written in the appropriate field in the new entry. The request task  400  may further process the received packet in order to determine whether the request is for an ML file. 
         [0070]    If the request is not for a ML file (web page)  430 , then the requested packet is sent as is via HTTP proxy  230  ( FIG. 2 ) toward its destination  434 , a content server  150  ( FIG. 1 ), for example, and the request task  400  returns control back to the UTMS Manager Module task  300  at step  304 . If the request is for a ML file  430 , then a new ML file indication is set to indicate that the relevant entry in the converting table is associated with a new ML file  432 . This indication can be used later for initiating a new page process. Then, the request is sent as is toward its destination  434 , a content server  150  ( FIG. 1 ), for example, via HTTP proxy  230  ( FIG. 2 ) and the request task  400  returns control back to UTMS Manager Module task  300  at step  304 . 
         [0071]      FIG. 5  illustrates a flowchart with relevant steps of an exemplary ML task process  500  that can be used for handling a received packet that belongs to an ML file. The ML task  500  can be implemented by an exemplary ML file manipulator module (MMM)  256  ( FIG. 2 ). The ML task  500  may be initiated or invoked  502  by the UTM Manager Module task  300  upon identifying that a received packet belongs to a requested ML file (web-page)  330 . After initiation  502 , the ML task  500  may retrieve the source URL of the packet. After retrieving the URL the converting table can be searched  504  for an entry that is associated with the retrieved URL. If an entry was not found  506 , then the packet is sent as is  508  toward its destination, the associated user  110  ( FIG. 1 ), for example, via HTTP proxy  230  ( FIG. 2 ) and the ML task  500  returns control back to the UTSM Manager Module task  300  at step  304 . 
         [0072]    If an entry was found in the converting table  506 , then the relevant field in the entry is retrieved to determine whether the web-page is a new page. If the web-page is not a new one (the new page indicator is off)  510 , then a decision is made  511  as to whether the endpoint has a browser application that can process multipart objects. If the endpoint is not so equipped, then the ML packet is sent as is  508  toward the associated user via the HTTP proxy. If the user&#39;s browser can process MPOs  511 , then the ML file is parsed  518  looking for the next browser&#39;s link. Upon reaching the next browser&#39;s link its URL is retrieved and the converting table is searched for an entry that is associated with the retrieved URL. If an entry is found, a decision is made  530  whether the entry includes a MURL. The MURL is a replacement URL of the browser&#39;s link. The MURL can reflect the location of the compound object in the cache  270  ( FIG. 2 ) and the original URL of the browser&#39;s object. The compound object can be the MPO which comprises the object that is pointed by the browser&#39;s URL. 
         [0073]    If a MURL does not exist in the relevant entry  530 , which means that the object is not embedded within an MPO, then the browser&#39;s link is left as is and the ML task  500  continues at step  534 . 
         [0074]    If an MURL exists in the relevant entry  530 , which means that the object is embedded within an MPO, then the browser&#39;s link is replaced with the relevant MURL  532  and the ML task  500  continues at step  534  and determines whether the end of the ML data segment was reached. The MURL can represent the location of the relevant MPO in the cache  270  as well as the original URL of the browser&#39;s object. An exemplary MURL may use Microsoft mhtml scheme. An exemplary MURL may look like mhtml:http://local_server/flashnetworks.mht!http://www.flashnetworks.com/images/1.gif. 
         [0075]    At step  534  a decision is made whether the end of the ML data segment was reached. If the end of the ML data segment has not been reached  534 , the ML task  500  returns to step  518  searching for the next browser&#39;s link in the ML data segment. If the end of the ML data segment has been reached  534 , then the data segment with the Modified ML file is sent toward its destination  538 , the associated user  110  ( FIG. 1 ), via HTTP proxy  230  ( FIG. 2 ) and the ML task  500  returns control back to the UTSM Manager Module task  300  at step  304 . Before sending  538  the manipulated packet, additional processes may be taken in order to adapt the manipulated packet to the requirement of the communication protocols. 
         [0076]    In an alternate exemplary embodiment of the present invention MMM  256  can be adapted to determine if a ML file is public and accordingly can store the relevant MML file in the cache. In such embodiment, a decision can be added between step  511  and  518 . 
         [0077]    If  511  the browser can handle MPOs then a decision is made whether the relevant MML is stored in the cache. If not, MMM  256  may continue and execute steps  518  to  538  creating an updated MML. Step  538  can be adapted to store the updated MML in the cache. However, if the relevant MML file is stored in the cache, then the stored MML can be retrieved and MMM  256  can proceed directly to step  538  sending the retrieved MML file toward the destination. 
         [0078]    Returning now to step  510 , if the web-page is a new one, then the ML file is copied  512  into the shared memory  260  ( FIG. 2 ) and the received packet is transferred as is toward its destination, the associated user  110 , via the HTTP proxy  230  ( FIG. 2 ). After sending the received packet, the copy of the ML packet is parsed  514 , all the browser&#39;s links are copied to create a browser&#39;s link list. The list can be organized according to the order of the browser&#39;s links in the packet. After creating the list, a loop is entered that consists of checking the entries in the converting table that are associated with the browser&#39;s links in the list  516  in order to determine whether the browser&#39;s objects that are associated with the list have been fetched  520 . If all the browser&#39;s objects have been fetched  520 , the ML task  500  continues at step  522 , otherwise processing returns to step  516 . In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the duration of this loop comprising steps  516  and  520  may be limited, for example for few seconds to few minutes. If the duration expires, then method  500  may proceed to step  522  even without collecting the entire browser&#39;s links. 
         [0079]    At step  522  the ML task  500  may determine the number of MPOs that will be associated with the new page. Different criteria can be used to define the number of MPOs. Exemplary criteria can include the expiration dates. For example, the objects can be organized according to their expiration dates and each MPO may comprise a group of objects that have expiration dates that are close to each other (i.e., within a threshold amount of time). Other criteria can be the size of the objects. Dividing the objects between the different MPOs according to their size helps to minimize the number of packets that carry objects of a web-page. Other criteria can be the order of appearance of the links of those objects in the ML file, etc. 
         [0080]    After defining the number of MPOs and the objects that will be embedded in each one of the MPOs, the one or more MPOs can be created  524 . An exemplary embodiment of the present invention may create the MPOs according to RFC 2557. Each MPO can be associated with an expiration date (the shortest expiration date among its objects, for example) and be stored in the cache  270 . An entry in the converting table is allocated to the MPO. Then an MURL value is defined for each one of the objects that is included in the MPO. The MURL can reflect the location of the MPO in the cache  270  ( FIG. 2 ) as well as the original URL of the object. Then the converting table is updated, each entry that is associated with an object, which is embedded within the MPO, is updated and the relevant MURL is stored in the appropriate field of each entry. At the end of this process, after handling all the MPOs that are associated with the new page, the new page indication, in the entry that is associated with the page, can be reset. The copy of the received new ML file in the shared memory can be deleted. Then the ML task  500  transfer the control back to the UTSM Manager Module task  300  at step  304 . 
         [0081]    In an alternate exemplary embodiment of the present invention an MPO may be created on-the-fly instead of being prepared and stored in the cache. In such embodiment the process  524  can be adapted to create a list of the public objects that compose an MPO. The list can be stored in the converting table in the entry that is associated to the relevant MURL. Upon receiving a request for an MPO based on its MURL the list of the objects can be retrieved and the MPO is created and be sent to the requester. 
         [0082]    In an alternate exemplary embodiment of the present invention (not shown in the drawings) the some or all of the above-described processes may be implemented in a content server. Such an embodiment may work off-line on the web-pages that are stored in the content server. In this situation, there is no need for an HTTP proxy  230  ( FIG. 2 ). The system can be initiated by a timer and start scanning the content of the server for new web-pages or for expired web-pages. Alternatively, or additionally, the system can be initiated before web-publication of a new content. The system can create an MML and two or more MPOs and store the MML and the one or more MPOs in the server. Then the content server is adapted to send the original ML file or the MML according to the type of the browser and its ability to handle the MPOs. 
         [0083]    Overall, this invention improves the experience of a surfer while surfing the Internet, reduces the rendering time of a web-page and reduces the load between a plurality of surfers and a plurality of servers. 
         [0084]    In the description and claims of the present application, each of the verbs, “comprise” “include” and “have”, and conjugates thereof, are used to indicate that the object or objects of the verb are not necessarily a complete listing of members, components, elements, or parts of the subject or subjects of the verb. 
         [0085]    In this application the words “unit” and “module” are used interchangeably. Anything designated as a unit or module may be a stand-alone unit or a specialized module. A unit or a module may be modular or have modular aspects allowing it to be easily removed and replaced with another similar unit or module. Each unit or module may be any one of, or any combination of, software, hardware, and/or firmware. It will be appreciated that the above described modules may be varied in many ways, including, changing the number modules, and combining two or more modules into one. Dividing the operation of a certain module into two or more separate modules, etc. 
         [0086]    It will be appreciated that the above described methods may be varied in many ways, including, changing the order of steps, and the exact implementation used. It should also be appreciated that the above described description of methods and apparatus are to be interpreted as including apparatus for carrying out the methods and methods of using the apparatus. 
         [0087]    The present invention has been described using detailed descriptions of embodiments thereof that are provided by way of example and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The described embodiments comprise different features, not all of which are required in all embodiments of the invention. Some embodiments of the present invention utilize only some of the features or possible combinations of the features. Variations of embodiments of the present invention that are described and embodiments of the present invention comprising different combinations of features noted in the described embodiments will occur to persons of the art. The scope of the invention is limited only by the following claims.

Technology Classification (CPC): 6