Patent Abstract:
The present invention is directed to an apparatus and method for utilizing an airbag clamp for securing an airbag onto an inflating tube of an airbag system. An embodiment of the present invention includes a body, a first engaging portion, and a second engaging portion. The body may be capable of surrounding the device, wherein the body may include a first end and a second end that are capable of moving towards each other. The first engaging portion may be located at a first end, wherein the first engaging portion may include at least one plate. The second engaging portion may be located at the second end, wherein the second engaging portion may include at least one plate. The engaging portions may be capable of being fitted together and the plates may be capable of being fastened together to secure the clamp around the material and device.

Full Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
       [0001]    This application claims benefit from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/128,507, entitled “Airbag Clamp,” filed on May 22, 2008, which is hereby incorporated in its entirety by reference. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present invention generally relates to a clamp and a method for securing a clamp to an airbag to an inflating device. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    Automobile safety regulations in the United States and globally have increased and remain an important concern for automobile manufacturers. In 1984, the U.S. government required all cars produced after Apr. 1, 1989 to have driver&#39;s side airbags. Dual front airbags were required in automobiles in 1998. Airbags consist of a flexible and inflatable envelope. Airbags are commonly used for cushioning against hard interior objects, such as steering wheels, in the event of a crash. 
         [0004]    In a vehicle equipped with an air bag system, the airbag is instantly inflated in the event of a collision to protect the occupant from injury. The airbag is typically inflated by pressurized gas from an inflating tube mounted within the vehicle. Typically, airbag systems are designed to inflate the airbag within 20 to 40 milliseconds after the initial impact. The pressurized gas supplied to inflate the airbag within such a short period of time produces forces tending to pull and separate the airbag from the inflating tube. If the airbag is separated from the inflating tube, the airbag may not inflate or only partially inflate and, as a result, fail to adequately prevent the occupant&#39;s impact with hard interior objects of the vehicle, such as a steering wheel, door or the like. 
         [0005]    To resist these forces, a clamping device of considerable strength must be provided to insure safety of the occupant. Ring clamps are typically used to secure the airbag to the inflating tube. These ring clamps are positioned around the inflating tube and the airbag to clamp the airbag to the inflating tube. However, these ring clamps are problematic for a number of reasons. First, during inflation of the airbag, these ring clamps tend to slip off of the inflating tube. Others have attempted to cure this problem by attaching a hook-like device to the inflating tube to prevent the ring clamp from sliding off of the inflating tube. However, this solution is costly and is only a preventive measure rather than curing the deficiencies of the clamps. 
         [0006]    Second, these ring clamps are locked in a closed position by crimping or otherwise locking the ring clamp. However, the crimping or locking occurs in the same direction of the load path. In other words, the ring clamp is locked in the same direction as the applied force, which is typically a direction parallel to the clamp&#39;s circumference. As a result, the residual clamp load of these clamps is miniscule in view of the initial compression load applied to these ring clamps. 
         [0007]      FIG. 12  illustrates a prior art clamp tested by applying different initial clamp loads and determining the residual load. As shown in  FIG. 12 , the residual clamp load is about 5% of the initial compression load. Therefore, these ring clamps are unreliable in maintaining connection of the airbag to the inflating tube, especially if the occupant contacts the airbag with a high amount of force. 
         [0008]    As a result of the relatively low residual clamp load, manufacturers are forced to use expensive metal materials, such as high grade stainless steel. Mild steels, which typically cost less, were thought to be incapable of adequately resisting the forces caused by the nearly instantaneous inflation of the airbag. Therefore, these prior art ring clamps were relatively costly to manufacture. 
         [0009]    The installation of these ring clamps is also deficient. The compression load used in installing these clamps varies widely and cannot be consistently applied. In addition, automobile manufacturers are unable to effectively record and track the installation of the clamps. 
         [0010]    Therefore, a need exists for an improved clamp and method for installing clamps onto airbag inflating devices. While discussed in terms of use of clamps on airbag inflating devices, this is for illustration purpose only, and this invention should not be deemed as limited to the field of air bag systems. The clamps and methods for installing the clamps are applicable to many other fields as will be appreciated by a person of ordinary skill in the art. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0011]    Objects and advantages together with the operation of the invention may be better understood by reference to the following detailed description taken in connection with the following illustrations, wherein: 
           [0012]      FIG. 1  illustrates a perspective view of a clamp in a relaxed state or open position in an embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0013]      FIG. 2  illustrates a front view of the clamp of  FIG. 1  in the open position. 
           [0014]      FIG. 3  illustrates a side view of the clamp of  FIG. 2 . 
           [0015]      FIG. 4  illustrates a top view of the clamp of  FIG. 2 . 
           [0016]      FIG. 5  illustrates a front view of the clamp of  FIG. 1  secured in a compressed state or closed position. 
           [0017]      FIG. 6  illustrates a cross-sectional side view of the clamp of  FIG. 5  taken along line A-A. 
           [0018]      FIG. 7  illustrates a partial view of a device for closing and securing the clamp. 
           [0019]      FIG. 8  illustrates a perspective view of the device of  FIG. 7  for closing and securing the clamp. 
           [0020]      FIG. 9  illustrates a perspective view of the device of  FIG. 8  from a side opposite that shown in  FIG. 8 . 
           [0021]      FIG. 10  illustrates a side view of the device of  FIG. 8 . 
           [0022]      FIG. 11  illustrates a front view of the device of  FIG. 8 . 
           [0023]      FIG. 12  illustrates the residual load of prior airbag clamps compared to the compression load. 
           [0024]      FIG. 13  illustrates the residual load of the clamp compared to the compression load. 
           [0025]      FIG. 14  illustrates a comparison of the separation forces of the clamp and a prior airbag clamp. 
       
    
    
     SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
       [0026]    The present invention is directed to an apparatus and method for utilizing an airbag clamp for securing an airbag onto an inflating tube of an airbag system. An embodiment of the present invention includes a body, a first engaging portion, and a second engaging portion. The body may be capable of surrounding the device, wherein the body may include a first end and a second end that are capable of moving towards each other. The first engaging portion may be located at a first end, wherein the first engaging portion may include at least one plate. The second engaging portion may be located at the second end, wherein the second engaging portion may include at least one plate. The engaging portions may be capable of being fitted together and the plates may be capable of being fastened together to secure the clamp around the material and device. 
         [0027]    An embodiment of the present invention includes a method for clamping material to a device. A clamp having two ends may be placed over the material and the device, and then placing said clamp, material and device into an apparatus. The apparatus may then be utilized to move one end of the clamp towards the other end of the clamp into a closed position. The apparatus may also be utilized to secure the ends together around the material and the device. Once secured, the clamp, material and device may be removed from the apparatus. 
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0028]      FIGS. 1-6  illustrate a clamp  10  capable of securing an airbag (not shown) to an inflating or injector tube  110  of the airbag system, as shown in  FIGS. 7-11 . While the clamp  10  is being shown and described in terms of an airbag clamp and system, the clamp  10  as shown is only one embodiment of the present invention and should not be deemed as limiting the clamp  10  to the embodiment shown. For example, the clamp  10  may be of any appropriate shape or thickness without deviating from the spirit of the present invention, such as of a substantially circular shape and a relatively small thickness. However, a person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the clamp  10  may be of may different shapes and have many different dimensions. 
         [0029]    As discussed above, the clamp  10  may be of any appropriate shape, such as substantially circular, as shown in  FIGS. 1-7 , or of any other appropriate shape, such as rectangular, elliptical, square or the like, for example. The clamp  10  may be made of any appropriate type of material including many different combinations or types of materials. For example, the clamp  10  may be made out of metal, such as stainless steel or a lower grade steel, such as a mild carbon based steel. Use of a mild steel may provide substantial cost savings. In addition, while the clamp  10  is shown as a single piece construction, it is to be understood that the clamp  10  could be made out of any number of appropriate pieces and secured together by any appropriate means, such as welding, adhesives or the like, for example. 
         [0030]    Due to the strength of the clamp  10 , as will be described in more detail below, the clamp  10  may be used with materials that are more elastic than materials used with prior art airbag clamps. Advantageously, the increased elasticity (or flexibility) of the material of the clamp  10  may improve its ability to effectively clamp onto devices, such as an injection tube  110  for an airbag, for example. 
         [0031]    The clamp  10  may include a first end  12  and a second end  14 . The clamp  10  may have a length, or circumference in a circular embodiment, that may be defined between the first end  12  and the second end  14 . The clamp  10  may further include a coating (not shown). The coating may cover any appropriate portion or amount of the clamp  10 . The coating may substantially cover the entire clamp  10 . The coating may also be of any appropriate color, such as similar color to the material of the clamp  10 , or a color distinct from the material of the clamp  10 , for example. 
         [0032]    In an embodiment utilizing a coating having a color that is different from the material, any undesired manipulation or unauthorized servicing of the clamp  10  may cause scratching, flaking or otherwise removing the coating from the clamp  10 . Advantageously, where the coating color is distinct from the color of the clamp  10 , any undesired manipulation or unauthorized servicing of the clamp  10  may be readily apparent. 
         [0033]    The coating of the clamp  10  may be of any type of appropriate coating known to a person of ordinary skill in the art. In an embodiment, the coating may be an organic coating having a color distinct from the inflating tube, the air bag and the clamp  10 . In a preferred embodiment, the coating may be able to stretch with the clamp  10 . For example, as the first end  12  and/or the second end  14  is stretched and moved to close and secure the clamp  10  around a device, the coating may remain consistent around the clamp  10 . 
         [0034]    The clamp  10  may have a width W as best shown in  FIG. 3 . The width W may be of any appropriate size or dimension. The width W may be determined based on any appropriate means, such as by the strength and size of the device in which the clamp  10  is to be used. In addition, the width W may be a function of the required clamping strength to be imparted with the clamp  10 . The width W of the clamp  10  may be tuned to change the residual load of the clamp  10  as a function of the compression load of the clamp  10 . Generally, increasing the width W of the clamp  10  may increase the residual clamp load as a function of the compression load. For a predetermined compression load, the greater the width W of the clamp  10  the lower the residual load. 
         [0035]    The residual clamp load and the compression load may be determined or limited by the device in which the clamp  10  will be used. For example, if the clamp  10  is used to clamp an airbag to an inflating tube  110 , then the inherent strength of the inflating tube  110  may limit the compression load and/or residual clamp load that may be applied by the clamp  10  without damaging the inflating tube  110 . Therefore, an analysis of the device in which the clamp  10  will be used may be necessary before tuning the width W of the clamp  10 . 
         [0036]    As shown in  FIGS. 1-6 , the clamp  10  may also include an annular ring portion  16 . The annular ring portion  16  may terminate near the first end  12  and the second end  14 . The annular ring portion  16  may have any appropriate size and shape diameter, such as a diameter substantially similar in size and shape to the device in which the clamp  10  is to be attached. As shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 , the structure of the clamp  10  may permit a relatively large amount of travel or movement prior to being secured in the closed position. Accordingly, the clamp  10  may be easily connectable to a device  110 , such as an inflating tube of an airbag system prior to closing the clamp  10 . 
         [0037]    The clamp  10  may include a first engaging portion  18  and a second engaging portion  20 . The first engaging portion  18  and the second engaging portion  20  may be of any appropriate size or shape. In addition, the first engaging portion  18  and the second engaging portion  20  may be of a similar shape or size or of different shapes or sizes. The first engaging portion  18  and the second engaging portion  20  may also be positioned at any appropriate locations on the clamp  10 . 
         [0038]    As shown in  FIGS. 3 and 4 , the first engaging portion  18  and the second engaging portion  20  may be of a substantially similar shape and size so that the first or second engaging portions  18 ,  20  may be able to fit and slide within the other engaging portion  18 ,  20 . For example, the first engaging portion  18  may be slightly wider than the second engaging portion  20 , so that the second engaging portion  20  may slide within the first engaging portion  18 . While shown with the first engaging  18  portion being slightly larger than the second engaging portion  20 , it is to be understood that the roles may be reversed so that the second engaging portion  20  is larger than the first engaging portion  18 . 
         [0039]    The first engaging portion  18  and the second engaging portion  20  may be capable of securing the clamp  10  in a compressed state or closed position. In an embodiment, the first and second engaging portions  18 ,  20  may be extended portions of the annular ring portion  16  that may be bent to a direction substantially perpendicular to the circumference of the clamp  10 . Alternatively, the first and second engaging portions  18 ,  20  may be molded or otherwise formed at a position substantially perpendicular to the circumference of the clamp  10 . 
         [0040]    In an embodiment, the first engaging portion  18  may include first plate  30   a  and a second plate  30   b . As best shown in  FIG. 1 , the plates  30   a ,  30   b  and first engaging portion  18  may be of any appropriate shape, such as a general U-shape. The first plate  30   a  and second plate  30   b  may be of any appropriate shape or size, such as a generally square, rectangular, semicircular shape or the like, for example. The first plate  30   a  and the second plate  30   b  may be positioned at any appropriate location on the clamp  10 , such as at the first end  12 . The first plate  30   a  may be opposing the second plate  30   b . In such an embodiment, the second engaging portion  20  may include a first plate  32   a  and a second plate  32   b . As best shown in  FIG. 1 , the plates  32   a ,  32   b  and first engaging portion  20  may be of any appropriate shape, such as a general U-shape. The first plate  32   a  and second plate  32   b  may be of any appropriate shape or size, such as a generally square, rectangular, semicircular shape or the like, for example. The first plate  32   a  and the second plate  32   b  may be positioned at any appropriate location on the clamp  10 , such as at the second end  14 . The first plate  32   a  may be opposing the second plate  32   b . The first and second engaging portions  18 ,  20  may be utilized to move the clamp  10  from an open position to the closed position. 
         [0041]    While the plates  30   a ,  30   b ,  32   a ,  32   b  are shown in  FIGS. 1 ,  2  and  5  as having substantially similar shapes and sizes, it is to be understood that each of the plates  30   a ,  30   b ,  32   a ,  32   b  may have different or corresponding shapes and sizes. For example, plates  30   a ,  32   a  may be of a similar shape and size, while plates  30   b ,  32   b  may each have a different and unique shape or size. In addition, while shown and discussed in terms of each engaging portion  18 ,  20  having two plates, it is to be understood that any appropriate number of plates may be utilized, such as one plate per engaging portion  18 ,  20 , and should not be limited to those examples described herein. 
         [0042]    As best shown in  FIG. 3 , the first plate  30   a  and second plate  30   b  of the first engaging portion  18  may be slightly more open than the first plate  32   a  and second plate  32   b  of the second engaging portion  20 . While shown with the plates  30   a ,  30   b  of the first engaging portion  18  being more open than the plates  32   a ,  32   b  of the second engaging portion  20  it is to be understood that the roles may be reversed. In other words, the plates  32   a ,  32   b  of the second engaging portion  20  may be slightly wider open than the plates  30   a ,  30   b  of the first engaging portion  18 . 
         [0043]    In use, the relaxed state or open position may be any position in which the clamp  10  may be removable from the device  110  that it may be clamping, such as the airbag to the injector tube, for example. The compressed state or closed position may be any position in which the clamp  10  is not removable from the device  110  in which it may be clamping. The first and second engaging portions  18 ,  20  should overlap in the closed position, but may also overlap in an open position. 
         [0044]    For example, the first and second engaging portions  18 ,  20  may be partially overlapped while allowing the clamp  10  to be easily removed from the injector tube  110  of the airbag system. In such an example, the clamp  10  may be in the open position. To move the clamp  10  in such an example to the closed position, the first and second engaging portions  18 ,  20  may be moved closer to one another such that clamp  10  tightens a predetermined amount on the inflating tube  110  of the airbag system. In an airbag system, the clamp  10  at the closed position may have a diameter substantially equal to that of the injector tube  110 . 
         [0045]      FIGS. 1-4  illustrate an embodiment of the clamp  10  in the open position.  FIGS. 5 and 6  illustrate an embodiment of the clamp  10  in the closed position. In a preferred embodiment, a substantial portion of one of the first or second engaging portions  18 ,  20  may overlap a substantial portion of the other first or second engaging portion  18 ,  20  when in the closed position, as best shown in  FIGS. 5 and 6 . 
         [0046]    The first engaging portion  18  and the second engaging portion  20  may be moved such that the plates  30   a ,  30   b  of the of the first engaging portion  18  abut the plates  32   a ,  32   b  of the second engaging portion  20 . In a preferred embodiment, one of the first or second engaging portions  18 ,  20  may be moved within the other engaging portion  18 ,  20  as shown in  FIGS. 3 and 4 . 
         [0047]    The clamp  10  may be secured in the closed position by any appropriate means, such as by attaching the plates  30   a ,  30   b ,  32   a ,  32   b  together by crimping, puncturing, welding, adhesives, fasteners or the like. For example, the plates  30   a ,  30   b ,  32   a ,  32   b  may be secured by crimping or pinching the plates  30   a ,  30   b ,  32   a ,  32   b  together. Advantageously, the crimping of the plates  30   a ,  30   b ,  32   a ,  32   b  may be in a direction substantially perpendicular to the load path of the clamp and the length of the clamp  10 . Securing the clamp  10  in the closed position by applying force in a direction substantially perpendicular to the load path may increase the residual clamp load. 
         [0048]    In a preferred embodiment, the plates  30   a ,  30   b ,  32   a ,  32   b  may be fastened to lock or otherwise secure the engaging portions  18 ,  20  together, such as by puncturing, piercing or the like. It is to be understood that any appropriate number of the plates  30   a ,  30   b ,  32   a ,  32   b  may be pierced. In a preferred embodiment, all of the plates  30   a ,  30   b ,  32   a ,  32   b  may be pierced; however, at a minimum one of the plates  30   a ,  30   b ,  32   a ,  32   b  from each of the engaging portions  18 ,  20  may be pierced. A resulting pierced portion  50  may be bent into or through a portion of the engaging portions  18 ,  20  to lock the engaging portions  18 ,  20 . 
         [0049]    For example, the plates  30   a  and  32   a  may be pierced whereby the pierced portion  50  of the plate  30   a  may be pushed through or at least partially into the pierced portion  50  of the plate  32   a . In one embodiment, the pierced portion  50  of the plate  30   a  is pushed through the plates  32   a  and  32   b . The pierced portion of any of the plates  30   a ,  30   b ,  32   a ,  32   b  may be pushed or inserted through any of the other plates  30   a ,  30   b ,  32   a ,  32   b  so long as the engaging portions  18 ,  20  are securely locked together. At such a position, the engaging portions  18 ,  20  may lock the clamp  10  in the closed position to effectively secure and clamp, for example, the airbag to the inflating tube  110 . While described in terms of the plates  30   a  and  32   a  being pierced, it is to be understood that the opposite may also be true, such that plates  30   b  and  32   b  may be pierced whereby the pierced portion  50  of the plate  30   b  may be pushed through or at least partially into the pierced portion  50  of the plate  32   b.    
         [0050]    The pierced portion  50  may be moved in any appropriate direction, such as being moved in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of the load path of the clamp  10 . The load path typically occurs along length of the clamp  10 . Therefore, the first and second engaging portions  18 ,  20  may be engagable and lockable in a direction substantially perpendicular to the length of the clamp  10  and the direction of the load path. The advantages of securing the clamp  10  at a closed position with forces perpendicular to the length of the clamp  10  and the load path are significant. 
         [0051]      FIG. 13  illustrates the residual clamp load as compared to compression load applied to the clamp  10  in an embodiment of the present invention. Comparing  FIG. 13   FIG. 12 , the clamp  10  has a residual clamp load of more than seventeen times the amount. 
         [0052]      FIG. 14  illustrates the improvement of the separation force exhibited by the clamp  10  as compared to prior art airbag clamps. In  FIG. 14 , the max load was set to 1000 lb to prevent damage to the test mandrel pins. The clamp  10  did not separate in any of the tests below but gradually loosened to zero compression. On the other hand, the prior art clamp separated in each case. 
         [0053]      FIGS. 7-11  illustrate an embodiment of an assembly tool or apparatus  100  that may be utilized for attaching the clamp  10  to a device, such as an injector or inflating tube  110 , for example. The apparatus  100  may be operated by any appropriate means, such by being manually operated, for example, but may preferably be actuated using a computer or processing device (not shown) such that the operation is automated. 
         [0054]    The clamp  10  may compress the airbag material onto the inflating tube  110  using approximately 320° of surface area. The clamp  10  may be tightened to a pre-load of any appropriate amount, such as approximately 750 lbs, thereby leaving a residual loan of approximately 400 lbs of clamping force of the airbag material to the inflating tube  110 . 
         [0055]    The apparatus  100  may include a first arm  115 , a chuck  120 , and a second arm  130 . The first arm  115 , the chuck  120  and the second arm  130  may be of any appropriate type, shape or size. The first arm  115  may move to drive the chuck  120  against the clamp  10 , as illustrated in  FIG. 7 . The chuck  120  may push one of the first or second engaging portions  18 ,  20  toward the other engaging portion  18 ,  20  thereby altering the clamp  10  from the relaxed state or open position to the compressed state or closed position. The engaging portion  18 ,  20  not moved by the chuck  120  may be held stationary by the second arm  130 , as best shown in  FIG. 7 . 
         [0056]    The chuck  120  may be connected to load cells (not shown) for measuring the amount of force applied to the first or second engaging portion  18 ,  20  and/or the amount of spring back force on the engaging portion  18 ,  20 . Load cells (not shown) may also be connected to the second arm  130  to measure the force applied or realized by the locking arm  130  as the engaging portion  18 ,  20  is moved to the closed position. 
         [0057]    The apparatus  100  may also include a locking device  140 , as illustrated in  FIGS. 9 and 10 . The locking device  140  may secure the first and second engaging portions  18 ,  20  of the clamp  10  by any appropriate means. For example, the locking device  140  may crimp the engaging portions  18 ,  20  and/or pierce the engaging portions  18 ,  20  of the clamp  10 , as discussed above. The locking device  140  may utilize loading cells (not shown) or other sensing devices to determine the amount of force applied in crimping the engaging portions  18 ,  20 , the distance the engaging portions  18 ,  20  moved, the resistance force to the crimping exerted by the engaging portion  18 ,  20 , force applied to pierce the engaging portions  18 ,  20 , and the distance in which the pierced portion  50  may be moved by the locking device  140 . 
         [0058]    The load cells may be connected to a database (not shown) and/or a processor (not shown) for recording the amount of force and the time the force occurred. In an embodiment, the clamp  10  may have an identifier, such as a serial number, inscribed, such as laser inscribed on the clamp  10 . The clamp  10  may be identified in relation to the forces recorded by the database. The processor and/or the database may be used to control the amount of force applied to the engaging portion  18 ,  20  of the clamp  10 . For example, use of the load cells, the processor and/or the database permits the apparatus  100  to apply a substantially similar force to each of the engaging portions  18 ,  20  of the clamps  10 . 
         [0059]    As discussed above, the clamp  10  may be of any appropriate size, such that the clamp  10  may fit over both the airbag material and the injector tube  110 . Once in place over the material and tube  110 , one of the first or second engaging portions  18 ,  20  may be pushed toward the other portion  18 ,  20  until the appropriate amount of force, such as 750 lbs of force, is applied. After the engaging portions  18 ,  20  are moved towards each other, a shear or piercing may be placed through the engaging portions  18 ,  20  thereby locking the clamp  10  in position. The assembly tool or apparatus  100  may then be removed and the clamp  10  is secured and complete. 
         [0060]    The apparatus  100  may be of any appropriate type, such as a multi-directional tool for applying an axial load around the circumference of the clamp  10  and then shear or piece the engaging portions  18 ,  20  through themselves to lock the clamp  10  in place. The shears may be 90° to the load, thereby ensuring a solid one-piece locking clamp  10 . In addition, the clamp force may be fully adjustable. 
         [0061]    The apparatus  100  may be incorporated into an assembly line where each of the clamps  10  is secured. For example, an airbag may be positioned over the injector tube  110 , the clamp may be aligned to secure the airbag to the injector tube  110 , and the clamp  10  may be moved from the open position to the closed position via the apparatus  100 . The clamp  10  may be locked in the closed position by the locking device  140  of the apparatus  100 . The apparatus  100  may be connected to the processor and/or the database to control the forces applied to the clamp  10 . The processor and/or the database may record the forces and time in which the forces occurred and link the information to the clamp  10 . The resulting data may then be stored and analyzed. 
         [0062]    While the present invention is described with reference to embodiments described herein, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to such embodiments. Therefore, the description of the embodiments herein is merely illustrative of the present invention and will not limit the scope of the invention as claimed. 
         [0063]    The invention has been described above and, obviously, modifications and alternations will occur to others upon a reading and understanding of this specification. The claims as follows are intended to include all modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the claims or the equivalent thereof.

Technology Classification (CPC): 8