Patent Abstract:
A fluid pulse valve and a method of using the fluid pulse valve are disclosed. The fluid pulse valve comprises an outer housing, a rotor contained within the outer housing, a stator tube surrounding the rotor and adjacent to the outer housing, the stator tube comprising a plurality of slots, and a closer coaxially and rotationally coupled to the rotor and at least a portion of the closer in line with the plurality of slots. As the closer rotates, the closer covers and uncovers the plurality of slots to create a pulse.

Full Description:
REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a Continuation-In-Part Application of U.S. Non-Provisional application Ser. No. 15/467,389, filed Mar. 23, 2017, which is a Continuation Application of U.S. Non-Provisional application Ser. No. 14/339,958, filed Jul. 24, 2014, both entitled “Fluid Pulse Valve,” and both of which are hereby specifically and entirely incorporated by reference. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Field of the Invention 
       [0002]    The invention is directed to valves, specifically, the invention is directed to fluid pulse valves. 
       2. Background of the Invention 
       [0003]    Rotary valves are used in industry for a number of applications like controlling the flow of liquids to molds, regulating the flow of hydraulic fluids to control various machine functions, industrial process control, and controlling fluids which are directed against work pieces. The vast majority of these applications are conducted at low fluid pressures and at either low rotational speeds or through an indexed movement. These applications have been addressed through application of various known fluid regulation valve applications including gate valves, ball valves, butterfly valves, rotating shafts with various void designs and configurations, solenoid actuated valves of various designs, and valves designed with disks with multiple holes to redirect flow streams. These applications are generally acceptable for low speed, low pressure processes, but are not suitable for high speed, high pressure processes. 
         [0004]    For example, solenoid valves are effective for regulating fluid flow up to a frequency of approximately 300 Hz at a pressure of up to 200 psi. These limitations are primarily due to the physical design of the solenoid which relies upon the reciprocating motion of magnetic contacts and is therefore subject to significant acceleration and deceleration forces, particularly at higher frequencies. These forces, the resulting jarring action, and the frictional heat generated make these type valves subject to failure at high frequencies of actuation. 
         [0005]    Rotary valves employing multiple outlets have been used at frequencies up to 1000 Hz in applications where a low pressure differential between valve inlet and outlet ports is desired. These valves, however, are large and complex and necessarily have significant physical space requirements for the valve and for the appurtenant inlet and outlet piping. 
         [0006]    Other types of valves have disadvantages that include: the valve actuation cycle speed (frequency) of the valve is too low, the valve is large and physically complex, the valve creates significant head loss, the valve cannot satisfactorily operate at high inlet pressures, or the valve cannot create the necessary frequency or amplitude of flow perturbation. 
         [0007]    In the oil and gas industry, bores are drilled to access sub-surface hydrocarbon-bearing formations. Conventional drilling involves imparting rotation to a drill string at surface, which rotation is transferred to a drill bit mounted on a bottom hole assembly (BHA) at the distal end of the string. However, in directional drilling a downhole drilling motor may be used to impart rotation to the drill bit. In such situations it tends to be more difficult to advance the non-rotating drill string through the drilled bore than is the case when the entire length of drill string is rotating. Furthermore, during use, the drill string often becomes jammed or otherwise unable to continue drilling. Currently the entire drill string must be removed to determine the cause of and fix the problem. 
         [0008]    For the foregoing reasons, there is a need for a high-speed, high pressure rotary valve for controlling the flow of a fluid to produce high frequency fluid pulses or perturbations. Further, there is a need for such a valve which is suitable for high pressure applications with minimal head loss through the valve and is easily removable to leave a clear bore without disrupting the entire drill string. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0009]    The present invention overcomes the problems and disadvantages associated with current strategies and designs and provides new tools and methods creating rotary valves. 
         [0010]    One embodiment of the invention is directed to a fluid pulse valve. The valve comprises an outer housing, a rotor contained within the outer housing, a stator tube surrounding the rotor and adjacent to the outer housing, the stator tube comprising a plurality of slots, and a closer rotationally coupled to the rotor and at least a portion of the closer in line with the plurality of slots. As the closer rotates, the closer covers and uncovers the plurality of slots to create a pulse. 
         [0011]    In a preferred embodiment, as fluid passes through the fluid pulse valve, the fluid enters the outer housing, passes through the plurality of oblong slots, into the stator and rotates the rotor. Preferably, the fluid pulse valve further comprises at least one fixed flow area port in the stator tube. Preferably, the fluid pulse valve further comprises a gearbox, wherein gear reduction within the gearbox causes the closer to rotate at a different rate than the rotor. Preferably, at least one of gear ratio of the gearbox or pitch of the rotor is adjusted to alter pulse rate relative to flow rate. The fluid pulse valve is preferably a component of a well bore string. 
         [0012]    Preferably, the fluid pulse valve further comprises an anchor coupled to the rotor. Preferably, the anchor, the rotor, and the closer are removable from the stator tube without removing a down hole portion of the well bore string. The anchor is preferably a hold point to remove the rotor and closer from the drill string. In a preferred embodiment, the fluid pulse valve closes and opens at 0.1-10 Hz. Preferably, there are no fluid bypasses. Preferably, at least one of the slot&#39;s quantity and size and a gap between the slot and the closer are adjusted to alter pulse intensity. 
         [0013]    Another embodiment of the invention is directed to a method of vibrating a drill string. The method comprises providing a bottom hole assembly (BHA), providing a fluid pulse valve positioned uphole of the BHA, passing fluid through the fluid pulse valve to the BHA, wherein the fluid forces the closer to rotates, which covers and uncovers the plurality of slots to create a pulse, thereby vibrating the drill string. The fluid pulse valve comprises an outer housing, a rotor contained within the outer housing, a stator tube surrounding the rotor and adjacent to the outer housing, the stator tube comprising a plurality of slots, and a closer rotationally coupled to the rotor and at least a portion of the closer in line with the plurality of slots. 
         [0014]    Preferably, as fluid passes through the fluid pulse valve, the fluid enters the outer housing, passes through the plurality of oblong slots, into the stator and rotates the rotor. In a preferred embodiment, the fluid pulse valve further comprises at least one fixed flow area port in the stator tube. Preferably, the fluid pulse valve further comprises a gearbox, wherein gear reduction within the gearbox causes the closer to rotate at a different rate than the rotor. At least one of gear ratio of the gearbox or pitch of the rotor is preferably adjusted to alter pulse rate relative to flow rate. 
         [0015]    In a preferred embodiment, the fluid pulse valve further comprises an anchor coupled to the rotor. Preferably, the anchor, the rotor, and the closer are removable from the stator tube without removing a down hole portion of the well bore string. The anchor is preferably a hold point to remove the rotor and closer from the drill string. Preferably, the fluid pulse valve closes and opens at 0.1-10 Hz. There are preferably no fluid bypasses in the fluid pulse valve. In a preferred embodiment, the vibrations are caused by the flow of fluid within the fluid pulse valve starting and stopping. Preferably, at least one of the slot&#39;s quantity and size and a gap between the slot and the closer are adjusted to alter pulse intensity. 
         [0016]    Other embodiments and advantages of the invention are set forth in part in the description, which follows, and in part, may be obvious from this description, or may be learned from the practice of the invention. 
     
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING 
         [0017]    The invention is described in greater detail by way of example only and with reference to the attached drawing, in which: 
           [0018]      FIG. 1  is cut away side view of an embodiment of the invention. 
           [0019]      FIG. 2  is an exploded isometric view of the components of the invention. 
           [0020]      FIG. 3  is a blown-up view of an embodiment of an anchor portion of the invention. 
           [0021]      FIG. 4  is a blown-up view of an embodiment of a rotor portion of the invention. 
           [0022]      FIGS. 5A-C  are views of an embodiment of a turbine portion of the invention. 
           [0023]      FIGS. 6A-B  are views of an embodiment of a stator portion of the invention. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0024]    As embodied and broadly described herein, the disclosures herein provide detailed embodiments of the invention. However, the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention that may be embodied in various and alternative forms. Therefore, there is no intent that specific structural and functional details should be limiting, but rather the intention is that they provide a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present invention. 
         [0025]      FIG. 1  depicts a cutaway side view of an embodiment of the fluid pulse valve  100 . Fluid pulse valve  100  is preferably tubular in shape with the components described herein adapted to fit within the tube. In the preferred embodiment, fluid pulse valve  100  is adapted to be coupled to a downhole drill string. Preferably end  105  of fluid pulse valve  100  is coupled on the uphole portion of the drill string while end  110  is coupled to the downhill portion of the drill string such that fluid flowing though the drill string enters fluid pulse valve  100  at end  105  and exits fluid pulse valve  100  at end  110 . Preferably, fluid pulse valve  100  is of equal or similar outer diameter to the drill string. Both ends of fluid pulse valve  100  are preferably couplable to the drill string via a threaded fitting. However, other coupling methods could be used, such as friction, adhesive, bolts, and rivets.  FIG. 2  depicts an exploded view of fluid pulse valve  100  indicating the preferred arrangement and interaction of the various parts of fluid pulse valve  100 . Table 1 lists the parts depicted in  FIG. 2 . 
         [0026]    Fluid pulse valve  100  is preferably comprised of for basic parts: housing  115 , anchor  120 , rotor  125 , and stator  130 . Housing  115  makes up the majority of the outer portion of fluid pulse valve  100 . Housing  115  is tubular in shape and preferably includes end  105 . Preferably, the outer diameter of housing  115  is constant and may be equal to, larger, or smaller than the diameter of the drill string or the joints of the drill string. In a preferred embodiment, the inner diameter of housing  115  increases from end  105  toward end  110  of fluid pulse valve  100 . The increase in diameter can be gradual, abrupt, or a combination thereof. Preferably, housing  115  is comprised of steel. However, housing  115  may be comprised of another material, for example, brass, plastic, other metals, or other manmade or naturally occurring materials. Preferably, housing  115  is detachable from the remainder of fluid pulse valve  100 . 
         [0027]      FIG. 3  depicts a blown-up view of an embodiment of anchor  120 . Preferably, anchor  120  is adapted to fit within housing  115  and adjacent to end  105 . In the preferred embodiment, anchor  120  is adapted to detachably couple rotor  125  to housing  115 . Anchor  120  is preferably comprised of an anchor body  4  and an anchor cap  5  which are coupled together via shear collar  10 . Within Anchor  120 , is preferably an anchor extraction pin  6  and anchor claws  8 . Preferably, anchor claws  8  engage or otherwise couple anchor  120  to stator slots within anchor seal sleeve  9  of stator  130  (as described herein). In the preferred embodiment, anchor extraction pin  6  is adapted to be a handle or attachment point to remove anchor  120  and rotor  125  from stator  130  as required by the operator of the drill. Once removed, a clear bore is left to the remaining portion of the drill string, allowing for free point tests and measure while drilling (MWD) tool retrieval. For example, if the drill becomes stuck, the operator can pull on anchor extraction pin  6  to remove anchor  120  and rotor  125  and the portions of the drill string uphole therefrom from the drill string, thereby providing a clear path to the downhole portions of the drill string to determine where the drill string is stuck or the drilling is otherwise stopped. Preferably, anchor  120  is sealed to the drilling fluid by various seals and removably secured within fluid pulse valve  100  with various fastening devices. In a preferred embodiment, anchor  120  is filled with oil or another lubricant to reduce wear, increase efficiency, and lubricate anchor  120 . 
         [0028]    Rotor  125  is preferably comprised of a gearbox  150 , a turbine  34 , and a closer  35 . Preferably rotor  125  is coupled to anchor  120  within housing  115 .  FIG. 4  is a blown-up view of gearbox  150 . Preferably, gearbox  150  provides a double gear reduction. However, gearbox  150  may provide a single gear reduction or multiple gear reductions. Preferably, the gear ratio is adjustable to accommodate different uses. Preferably, gearbox  150  uses a planetary gear configuration for gear reduction. However, other gear configurations can be used. Preferably gearbox  150  has one or more valves to allow for oil expansion during use of fluid pulse valve  100 . Preferably gearbox  150  is sealed to the drilling fluid by various seals and removably secured within fluid pulse valve  100  with various fastening devices. In a preferred embodiment, gearbox  150  is filled with oil or another lubricant to reduce wear, increase efficiency, and lubricate the components of gearbox  150 . 
         [0029]    Preferably, gearbox  150  is coupled to turbine  34  via shaft  33 .  FIG. 5 a    depicts a side view an embodiment of turbine  34  and shaft  33  while  FIGS. 5B-C  are sectional views of the turbine  34 . In the preferred embodiment, turbine  34  is a propeller or other device designed to rotate as fluid passes over it. Preferably, as turbine  34  and shaft  33  rotate, they in turn rotate the components of gearbox  150 . In turn, the components of gearbox  150  rotate closer  35 . Due to the gear reduction of gearbox  150 , closer  35  preferably rotates at a different speed than turbine  34 . Preferably, closer  35  is positioned to surround shaft  33 . Preferably, at least one bearing or bushing is positioned between closer  35  and shaft  33 . Closer  35  is preferably paddle shaped and adapted to cover slots  3  in stator  130 , as described herein. Closer  35  can, for example, have 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 paddles. Preferably the paddles are evenly distributed about closer  14 . 
         [0030]      FIGS. 6A and 6B  depict two side views of stator  130 . Stator  130  is preferably comprised of stator tube  2  that is coupled to anchor body  4 , which contains holes that are adapted to be engaged by anchor claw  8  in order to couple stator  130  to anchor  120 . In the preferred embodiment, stator tube  2  surrounds gearbox  150 , closer  35 , and turbine  34 . Furthermore, stator tube  2  preferably surrounds anchor body  4  such that anchor claw  8  removably engages both anchor body  4  and stator slots within anchor seal sleeve  9  simultaneously. Preferably, at least a portion of stator tube  2  is inserted into housing  115 , while another portion extends beyond the end of housing  115  to be end  110  of fluid pulse valve  100 . Preferably, stator tube  2  is coupled to housing  115  via a press fit, welded assembly. However, other devices can be used to couple the two parts together, for example, a threaded coupling, bolts, adhesive, friction, and rivets. In a preferred embodiment end  110  has an outer diameter equal to the outer diameter of housing  115 . 
         [0031]    As shown in  FIG. 6A , stator tube  2  preferably has a plurality of slots  3 . While eight slots are shown (four on top and four on the bottom) another number of slots can be used, for example two, four, six, ten, or twelve slots. Preferably slots  3  are in line with closer  35  such that as closer  35  is rotated, slots  3  become covered and uncovered by closer  35 , creating a pulse. Slots  3  are preferably oblong in shape, for example slots can be 4 inch by ½ inch. However, slots  3  can have another shape, such as circular or rectangular. Additionally, as shown in  FIG. 6B , stator tube  2  may have one or more fixed flow area ports  37  to provide a minimum flow to the turbine and provide a method of starting rotation in the event slots  3  are in line with closer  35 . Fixed flow area ports  37  preferably can be sized to help control the pulse intensity of the valve. For example, larger fixed flow area ports  37  allow more fluid to flow through stator tube  2  without being interrupted by closer  35 , thereby reducing the intensity of the pulse caused by the stoppage of fluid flow. Preferably, a change in the fixed flow area ports quantity and/or size can be used to adjust the pulse intensity. A change in the gap between closer  35  and slots  3  may also affect the pulse intensity. Additionally, a change in the gear ratio and or propeller pitch can preferably be used to adjust the pulse rate relative to flow rate. Such adjustments can be made upon order for a specific driller&#39;s planned flow. 
         [0032]    The drilling fluid flows through and round stator tube  2 , is often abrasive and, as it is forced though fixed flow area ports  37  and into closer  35 , can be destructive. For example, as the drilling fluid flows through fixed flow area ports  37 , a high-velocity jet of fluid may form that can impact and erode the valve components. In an effort to improve the life of the valve, multiple materials and coating can be used. For example, high strength alloy steel (e.g. ASI 4145 steel), wear resistant tool steels (e.g. A2 &amp; D2 steels), HVOF applied carbide coatings up to 0.010 inches thick over alloy steel, and laser clad carbide coatings up to 0.030 inches thick over alloy steel are all potential materials and coatings. However, with each of these some erosion may occur. For example, the fluid may be able to penetrate between the coatings and the softer steel and erode the softer steel. 
         [0033]    In a preferred embodiment, at least a portion of fluid pulse valve  100  is comprised of a ceramic material. Preferably, at least stator tube  2  and closer  35  are comprised of a ceramic material, however other parts that come into contact with the drilling fluid may also be comprised of the ceramic material. Preferably, the ceramic material is harder than the abrasives present in the drilling fluid. Preferably, the parts are solid ceramic, however in other embodiments ceramic coatings can be used. Preferably, the ceramic is highly impact resistant and resistant to temperature changes within operating ranges of fluid pulse valve  100  (i.e. up to 400° F.). The ceramic is also preferably resistant to acidic corrosion, which can be an issue in certain wells. In a preferred embodiment, the ceramic material is zirconium dioxide (ZrO 2 ) also known as zirconia. For example, the zirconia may be NILCRA™, produced by Morgan Advanced Materials. Other ceramics may include, for example Partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) and silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ). 
         [0034]    During drilling, for example, drilling fluid enters fluid pulse valve  100  at end  105 . The fluid flows into a cavity surrounding anchor  120  and within housing  115 . The fluid continues around gearbox  150  and over stator tube  2 . Then, the fluid flows though slots  3  in stator tube  2  and into the interior of stator tube  2 . As the fluid flows through the interior of stator tube  2 , it forces turbine  34  to rotate, which forces the gears in gearbox  150  to turn, which, in turn, rotate closer  35 . As closer  35  is rotated, slots  3  become covered and uncovered by closer  35 , causing the fluid to stop and restart, thereby creating pulses in fluid pulse valve  100 . Preferably, due to the high speed and pressure of the fluid passing through fluid pulse valve  100 , fluid pulse valve  100  vibrates the entire drill string. For example, fluid pulse valve  100  can vibrate the drill string at 0.1 Hz, 3 Hz, 5 Hz, 7 Hz, 10 Hz, or another rate. In the preferred embodiment, fluid pulse valve  100  is positioned 1500 to 2000 feet uphole of the bottom hole assembly (BHA) however, fluid pulse valve  100  can be attached to the BHA, positioned adjacent to the BHA, or at another distance from the BHA. Preferably, fluid pulse valve  100  has no bypass so that all of the fluid flows though fluid pulse valve  100 . 
         [0035]    Other embodiments and uses of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. All references cited herein, including all publications, U.S. and foreign patents and patent applications, are specifically and entirely incorporated by reference. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered exemplary only with the true scope and spirit of the invention indicated by the following claims. Furthermore, the term “comprising of” includes the terms “consisting of” and “consisting essentially of.” 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Item # 
                 Part 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                  1 
                 Housing 
               
               
                   
                  2 
                 Stator Tube 
               
               
                   
                  3 
                 Slot Insert 
               
               
                   
                  4 
                 Anchor Body 
               
               
                   
                  5 
                 Anchor Cap 
               
               
                   
                  6 
                 Anchor Extraction Pin 
               
               
                   
                  7 
                 Extraction Pin Head 
               
               
                   
                  8 
                 Anchor Claw 
               
               
                   
                  9 
                 Anchor Seal Sleeve 
               
               
                   
                 10 
                 Shear Collar 
               
               
                   
                 11 
                 Shear Pin Steel 
               
               
                   
                 12 
                 Pulse Seal A 
               
               
                   
                 13 
                 Pulse Seal B 
               
               
                   
                 14 
                 Pulse Seal C 
               
               
                   
                 15 
                 Gearcan 
               
               
                   
                 16 
                 Gearcan Cap 
               
               
                   
                 17 
                 Thrust Spacer 
               
               
                   
                 18 
                 Weld Lock Collar Overlock A 
               
               
                   
                 19 
                 Weld Lock Collar Overlock A No Groove 
               
               
                   
                 20 
                 Weld Lock Collar Overlock B 
               
               
                   
                 21 
                 Shaft Nut 
               
               
                   
                 22 
                 Cam A 
               
               
                   
                 23 
                 Planet Gear 
               
               
                   
                 24 
                 Internal Gear A 
               
               
                   
                 25 
                 Internal Gar B 
               
               
                   
                 26 
                 Gear Spacer 
               
               
                   
                 27 
                 Coupler A 
               
               
                   
                 28 
                 Coupler B 
               
               
                   
                 29 
                 Thrust Washer A 
               
               
                   
                 30 
                 Oil Compensator Body 
               
               
                   
                 31 
                 Filter 
               
               
                   
                 Within 31  
                 Filter Retainer Washer 
               
               
                   
                 33 
                 Shaft 
               
               
                   
                 34 
                 Turbine 
               
               
                   
                 35 
                 Closer 
               
               
                   
                 36 
                 Closer Centering Plug 
               
               
                   
                 37 
                 Flow Area Port 
               
               
                   
                 38 
                 Flow Area Plug 
               
               
                   
                 39 
                 Needle Bearing Rollers 
               
               
                   
                 40 
                 Bearing Needle Roller 
               
               
                   
                 Within 40 
                 Thrust Roller Bearing Washer 
               
               
                   
                 Within 39 
                 Bearing Thrust Washer 
               
               
                   
                 Within 40 
                 Thrust Bearing Washer 
               
               
                   
                 Within 29 
                 Thrust Washer 
               
               
                   
                 45 
                 Washer Silicone 
               
               
                   
                 Within 30 
                 Rotary Seal 
               
               
                   
                 Within 23 
                 Bushing 
               
               
                   
                 Within 23 
                 Bushing 
               
               
                   
                 49 
                 Bushing 
               
               
                   
                 Within 16 
                 Bushing Flanged 
               
               
                   
                 51 
                 Wave Spring 
               
               
                   
                 52 
                 Wave Spring 
               
               
                   
                 Within 30 
                 O-Ring 
               
               
                   
                 54 
                 O-Ring 
               
               
                   
                 Within 16 
                 O-Ring 
               
               
                   
                 Within 5 
                 O-Ring 
               
               
                   
                 Within 5 
                 O-Ring 
               
               
                   
                 58 
                 Snap Ring 
               
               
                   
                 59 
                 Snap Ring 
               
               
                   
                 60 
                 Snap Ring 
               
               
                   
                 Within 30 
                 Spiral Retaining Ring 
               
               
                   
                 Within 5 
                 Filter 
               
               
                   
                 Within 5 
                 Grease Fitting Press 
               
               
                   
                 64 
                 Dowel Pin 
               
               
                   
                 65 
                 Dowel Pin 
               
               
                   
                 66 
                 O-Ring Metal 
               
               
                   
                 67 
                 Wave Spring 
               
               
                   
                 68 
                 Wave Spring 
               
               
                   
                 69 
                 Wave Spring 
               
               
                   
                 70 
                 Bearing Hi-Temp 
               
               
                   
                 71 
                 Spiral Retaining Ring 
               
               
                   
                 72 
                 Spring Plunger 
               
               
                   
                 73 
                 Rotary Seal 
               
               
                   
                 74 
                 Spring Ring

Technology Classification (CPC): 5