Patent Abstract:
A cargo anchor primarily intended for attachment to the upper edge of the side of an open bed truck, comprising a journal box and an integral clamping apparatus. The journal box comprises a base member, a cleat superimposed on the base member and screws for interconnecting the cleat to the base member. A transverse bore in at least one of either the base member or the cleat is disposed parallel to the planes of the base member and the cleat and is sized to carry a shaft or a “D” ring that functions to support load binding straps or ties. Integral with the journal box is a clamping device for attaching the journal box to a flat structural member.

Full Description:
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/429,064, filed Oct. 29, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,196,777 B1. 
    
    
     The present invention relates to an implement that is attachable to a load carrying vehicle and is operative to secure or hold loads carried in the vehicle. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Vehicles such as pick-up trucks are incapacitated in their ability to accommodate cargo securing straps or lines because the sides of the truck bed are rarely, if ever, provided with sufficient rings, rails, brackets or holes by which a cargo securing strap can be anchored to the vehicle. 
     In some instances it is desirable to tie bulky cargo so that it will not move around in the bed of the truck or worse, leave the vehicle. In some instances it is desirable to position and hold certain types of loads in order to make room for other cargo, for example securing a bicycle in an upright position next to the side of the truck bed. Neither of these occasions are well served by the absence of anchoring facilities on pick-up trucks or similar vehicles. 
     It is, therefore, the primary object of the present invention to provide a universal cargo anchoring device that is readily attachable to the rolled upper edge of the side of a pick-up truck, dump truck or similar vehicle. 
     Secondarily, it is an object of the invention to provide a universal load anchoring device that can be attached to other portions of a vehicle or even a non moving structure. 
     Another object of the invention is to provide an anchor attachable to a structure, including a vehicle, that will support a shaft, axle or the like for the mounting of pivotal structures. 
     Other and still further objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent upon a reading of the following detailed description of a preferred and alternative embodiments of the invention. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The cargo anchoring implement of the present invention comprises a journal box for a shaft and an integral screw operated clamping device for attaching the journal box to a supporting structure, such as, for example, the side of the bed of a pick-up or dump truck. In this specification and the concluding claims, the anchoring device will be explained in terms of its intended use with an open bed truck such as a pick-up truck, but the general explanation is intended to include all such types of trucks that have upstanding bed sides that can present a purchase area for the clamping part of the anchoring device. The rolled or bent over upper edges of the sides of the open bed of a pick-up truck provided the exemplar to explain the various embodiments of the invention. The anchoring device can also be utilized on fixed structures. 
     The journal box includes a base member and an adjustable pressure cleat that is superimposed on the base member. The base member functions not only as part of the journal box but also as part of the clamping device. A bore traverses the journal box and is located so that a shaft journalized in the bore and sandwiched between the base member and the cleat can, depending on the diameter of the shaft and the adjustment of the pressure exerted by the cleat, be allowed to rotate and move longitudinally within the bore or be locked in a selected rotational and longitudinal position within the bore. The shaft serves to support pivotally rotatable load carrying rack elements or to hold load fastening means such as a strap, line, band, chain, rope, belt or to hold a ring for receiving such items. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the anchoring device of the present invention as it would appear attached to the rolled, or bent over, upper edge of the side of the bed of a pick-up truck (shown fragmentarily in dotted lines). The crank arm and pedal of a bicycle loaded into the truck bed is fragmentarily shown in dotted lines. 
     FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the anchor shown in FIG.  1 . 
     FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the anchor of the present invention with a straight shaft journaled by the journal box. 
     FIG. 4 is a fragmentary perspective view of the bed and lateral sides of a pick-up truck with a fragmentary view of the lower braces of a collapsible cargo rack that are mounted for pivotal movement on the shaft of the anchor embodiment shown in FIG.  3 . The anchors of FIG. 3 are shown for illustrative purposes as mounted on only one side of the bed of the truck, however, in practice, the anchors and braces would normally be on both sides. 
     FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a third embodiment of the anchor. A “D” ring is rotatably secured in a transverse bore in the journal box. 
     FIG. 6 is an exploded view of a further embodiment of the anchor of the present invention with a screw activated clamping plate that attaches to the top of the bed liner instead of the “C” type clamp utilized by the forgoing described embodiments. The side of the bed of the pick up truck and the bed liner are fragmentarily shown. 
     FIG. 7 is a cross sectional view of the bed of a pick up truck having a bed liner. The anchor embodiment shown in FIG. 3 is shown attached to the top edge of the bed liner, as more fully shown in FIG.  6 . 
     FIG. 8 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the anchor clamp of the present invention with the rolled, or bent over, upper edge of the side of the bed of a pick-up truck to which the anchor may be applied shown in dotted lines. 
     FIG. 9 is a vertical cross sectional view of the anchor clamp that is illustrated in FIG. 8, except that the cleat is not shown in FIG.  9 . 
     FIG. 10 is similar to FIG. 9 except that the threaded clamping stem is shown in a pivoted position away from its position as shown in FIG.  9 . 
     FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the anchor clamp of FIG. 8 except that the separate cleat shown in the FIG. 8 embodiment has been replaced with an integrally formed cleat. 
     FIG. 12 is a vertical cross section of the anchor clamp shown in FIG.  11 . 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     For a detailed description of the various embodiments of the invention, we turn first to FIGS. 1 and 2. The preferred form of the anchor  2  comprises a journal box  4  and an integral clamping device  6 . The journal box  4  includes a flat base member  8  and a superimposed cleat  10  that is adjustably secured to the base member by a pair of screws  12 . The cleat  10  is provided with a transverse bore  14  that journals a cylindrical shaft  16 . The shaft is sized and dimensioned so that the pressure exerted by the cleat  10  to sandwich the shaft between the cleat and the base member  8  can be adjusted to either lock the shaft in a fixed position or permit the shaft to both rotate and move longitudinally. An end cap  18  attached to the end of the shaft  16  prevents the shaft from being pulled through the journal box bore  14 . 
     Integral with and depending from one side of the journal box&#39;s base member  8  is a rigid flattened and elongated member that can be characterized as the upright stem  20  of the letter “C.” The base member  8 , the stem  20  and an integral, laterally extending platform  22 , that is parallel with the base member  8 , constitutes the frame of a “C” clamp. The operative mechanism that cooperates with the “C” shaped frame includes a threaded screw  24  that threadingly engages an aperture  26  in the laterally extending platform  22 . The screw is provided with a bearing pad  28  on the inner end thereof and a head  30  on the outer end thereof. A handle  34 , or finger tab, is functionally attached to the outer end of the screw, preferably utilizing the head  30  to fit into a channel shaped handle member, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. 
     The generally “C” shaped frame of the clamp  6  is specifically designed to fit over at least a portion of the flat bent over upper extremity  41  of the side  42  of the bed of a pick-up truck and around the down turned inside edge  40  thereof. The threaded clamping screw  24  and the cushioning pad  28  are adapted to operatively engage the underside of the flat bent over upper extremity  41  when the screw is tightened. The clamping action provided by the combination of the base member engaging the top surface of the bent over edge  40  and the screw contacting the underside of the bent over edge secures the journal box to the upper edge of the truck bed. 
     The shaft  16  is shaped to accommodate the type of load to be anchored. The shaft  16  of the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2 includes an end portion that is bent 90° to the axis of the shaft. This transverse “L” shape accommodates the attachment of a rubber grommet  47  that serves as the base for a strap  48  and a buckle  49 . The strap  48  encircles the crank arm  50  of a bicycle pedal assembly to tightly secure the bicycle that is standing on the floor of the truck bed against the inside of the side of the truck bed. If more than one anchor point is desired, another anchor of the same type may be used to tie down one of the frame members of the bicycle. Depending on the size, shape and design of the bicycle, it may be necessary or convenient for the combination of the grommet  47  and strap  48  to be closer to or farther away from the down turned upper edge of the bed side. By loosening the screws  12  and relieving the sandwiching pressure on the shaft  16 , the shaft may be rotated or moved longitudinally to position it and the lateral end thereof in a position of maximum convenience for wrapping the strap  48  around structural member of the load. 
     FIGS. 3 and 4 disclose an anchor  2   a  similar to that of FIGS. 1 and 2 except that the shaft  16   a  is straight instead of having a bent end portion. The straight shaft is advantageous for attaching the pivotal members of the cargo carrying rack, such as that that might support a boat or similar load over the bed of a pick-up truck. In the illustration of FIG. 4 two bracing members  51  and  52  of a rack are shown pivotally mounted on the inner ends of the shaft  16   a  of two spaced apart anchors  2  of the present invention. Each of the anchors is clamped to the flat bent over upper extremity  41  of the side  42  of the bed of a pick-up truck. Each of the separate shafts  16   a  of the two anchors  2   a  can be adjusted by the journal box screws  12  to be non-rotatable or rotatable, depending on the operative nature of the braces or rack members that are attached to it. 
     FIG. 5 illustrates a third embodiment of the clamp  2   b  that utilizes a “D” ring  58  to hold a strap, rope, belt or other kind of load securing tie. In this embodiment the longitudinal axis of the transverse bore  14   b  is oriented ninety degrees from the position of the bore on the other described embodiments. The respective diameters of the bore  14   b  and the stem of the “D” ring  58  are such that the stem of the ring is freely rotatable within the bore when the journal-adjusting screws  12  are tightened. This freedom of rotation allows the “D” ring to move in response to the necessary direction of the tie strap which is dependent on the location and size of the load. 
     There may be instances where it is not possible to engage the turned down inside edge of the flat upper extremity of the side of the truck bed with a “C” clamp type of clamping device  6 , as shown in FIGS. 1-5. Such an impediment would occur with the use of a full bed liner that follows the sides of the truck bed upwardly from the surface of the bed and projects outwardly to cover at least a portion of the flat upper extremity  41 . Such a bed liner would prohibit the entry of a “C” clamp type of device around the upper edge structure to which the clamp is to be secured. 
     FIG. 6 describes an alternative embodiment of the clamping device that overcomes the problem of inaccessibility of a “C” clamp. This embodiment avoids the necessity of making holes in the flat upper extremity  41  by providing a means for attaching the journal box directly to the outwardly turned edge of the bed liner  60 . In this alternative embodiment, the base member  8   c  of the journal box does not require the mass associated with the base member being part of the “C” clamp, as in the embodiment of FIGS. 1-5. As in the preferred embodiment, the cleat  10  is superimposed over the base member  8   c  and is provided with a transverse bore  14   c  which, with the base member  8   c , journals a shaft  16 , or a “D” ring, similarly to the other embodiments. A pair of fastening and pressure adjusting screws  63  penetrate the cleat  10 , the base member  8   c , the bed liner  60  and threadingly engage a pair of nuts  65  attached to a clamping plate  67 . The clamping plate is positioned on the underside of the outwardly turned edge of the bed liner. Thus, by tightening the adjusting screws  63  the anchor  2   c  will be secured to the rigid bed liner structure. In this alternative embodiment of the clamping structure, the shaft or “D” ring choices are the same as those for the “C” clamping embodiment. A rubber or felt pad  69  is preferably positioned between the clamping plate  67  and the flat upper extremity  41  of the side of the truck bed in order to insulate the paint on the truck bed from being damaged by contact with the clamping plate  67 . 
     FIGS. 8-12 illustrate a further embodiment  80  of the inventive anchor clamp. This version is especially useful where the top  41  of the side  42  of the truck bed comprises spaced apart upper and lower levels of sheet metal. With such a construction, a clamp of the type shown in FIGS. 1-5 tends to crush the box formed by the two layers of sheet metal, forming a dent in the top  41  of the truck bed side  42 . 
     To eliminate the crushing tendency, while at the same time providing a clamping force that contains both side and vertically directed force vectors to restrain the load, the threaded stem  82  of the anchor clamp  80  is directed into the corner bend  84  of the sheet metal forming the down-turned inside edge  40  of the truck bed side  42 . Preferably, the distal end of the stem  82  is fitted with a pad  86  that, at least to some extent, can conform to the shape of the inside corner against which it presses. If the inside shape of the corner is curved, then such a pad would preferably comprise a curved outer surface, such as contained in a cylinder  86  shown in FIGS. 8-12. If the inside corner is prone to more of a right angle, then a triangular shaped pad (not shown) is preferred. 
     Inasmuch as the outside corner  88  of the bend between the side-forming sheet metal  40  and the top edge  41  of the truck bed defines a right angle, the inside corner  90  of the clamp frame  92  is preferably also a substantially conforming right angle. Extending outwardly from the inside corner  90  and covering a substantial portion of the inside surfaces of the side wall  94  and the upper leg  96  is an optional pad  115  of rubber, felt or similar material that will protect the outside surface of the top  41  and the side  40 . 
     The body of the clamp of this embodiment is similar to the body of the clamps illustrated in FIGS. 1-5 to the extent that the body  92  comprises a frame, generally defining a “C” shape. Such a frame includes an upright portion, or a side wall  94 , having first and second spaced apart unilaterally projecting legs  96  and  98 . The upper leg  96  has previously, in the FIGS. 1-5 embodiments, been referred to as the base member  8 . The upper leg  96  has the same function and purpose as the base member  8  of the earlier embodiments insofar as serving as the foundation for the fastening cleat  10 . However, because the leg  96  does not co-act with the threaded clamping stem in the same way as does the base member  8 , the leg  96  is described as a distinct element related to this embodiment of the clamp. 
     In order to achieve the corner directed clamping action that is the object of this embodiment of the invention, it is necessary that the pad  86  on the tip of the threaded clamping stem  82  is directed toward the corner  90  of the clamp frame  92 . This requires angulation of the threaded clamping stem  82 . There are several ways in which the angular orientation of the stem  82  may be achieved. Where a lower projection of the frame is substantially perpendicular to the side wall, as the platform  22  is in the FIG. 5 embodiment, it is necessary to create an angularly oriented threaded bore in the platform to mount an angularly disposed threaded clamping stem. However, a simpler and structurally superior frame is produced by forming the lower projecting leg at an angle to the side wall, such as the projection  98  shown in FIGS. 8-12. Depending on the length of the side wall, but assuming proportions of the frame components as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, an acute angle of approximately 75° between the leg  98  and the side wall  94  will provide a satisfactory orientation for the stem  82 , provided that the stem is disposed 90° to the plane of the projecting leg  98 . With this respective orientation the stem  82  is threaded through a perpendicular bore in the leg  98  in the same way as the threaded screw  24  engages the platform  22  in the FIG. 5 embodiment. 
     However, if the stem is limited to only longitudinal movement within a fixed position bore in the projecting leg, it is sometimes difficult to fit the anchor clamp around the down-turned edge of the top  41  of the truck bed side. Accordingly, the present embodiment provides for pivotal movement of the clamping stem  82  in order to get it out of the way during installation. Furthermore, the pivotal movement of the stem provides a means for self centering of the tip of the stem into a secure position in the bent corner of the truck bed&#39;s sheet metal structure. Pivotal movement of the stem  82  is achieved by threading the stem  82  through a bore in a cylinder  102  that is rotatably mounted in the lower projecting leg  98 . In the design shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 it is necessary to provide a relieved portion  103  in the leg  98  beneath the cylinder  102  in order to provide clearance for the lower portion of the stem  82  as it is pivoted. Of course, the cylinder  102  could be large enough to span the width of the projecting leg  98  and the relieved, or cut-out portion  103 , would be unnecessary in such case. 
     Instead of mounting a cleat  10  on the top of the projecting leg  96 , it may be desirable to form the cleat  110  integrally with the projecting leg  96   a , and the side wall portion  94 , as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12. Such a construction eliminates the need for a separate cleat member. The cylindrical shaft  116  that supports the grommet  47  may be threaded into a transverse bore in the integral cleat  110  and the top of the projecting leg  96 , as shown in FIG.  12 . Alternatively, an unthreaded shaft can be slidably inserted into an unthreaded transverse bore in the integral cleat and the projecting leg, similar to the way in which the shaft  16  is mounted on the clamp of FIGS. 1-5. 
     Whether the shaft securing cleat is of the integral or separate type, the angularly disposed clamping stem that provides clamping pressure in the corner of the structure on which the clamp takes its bearing provides a secure base for the anchoring mechanism. In all of the embodiments of the invention the ultimate anchoring mechanism may be the shafts  16  and  116  or the “D” ring  58  or other equivalent type of connection to a load that is to be anchored. In addition, as with traditional “C” clamps, the “C” clamps of FIGS. 1-5, and the corner clamp of the present invention, the use of the clamp is not confined to the bed of a truck, but may be applied wherever its structure and function are advantageous.

Technology Classification (CPC): 1