Patent Abstract:
The invention is a joint cover assembly and related method for covering a gap adjacent an edge of a panel that covers a sub-surface. The assembly includes a molding having a foot, a first arm, and a second arm. The foot is positioned along a longitudinal axis of the molding, wherein the first arm, and optionally the second arm, extend generally perpendicularly to the foot. A tab depends from at least one of the first and second arms. At least one of the tab and the foot engage a track in order to position the assembly over the gap. The method includes placing the foot in the gap, pressing the respective panel engaging surfaces into contact with respective panels, and configuring at least one of the tab and the foot to cooperate to retain the molding in the gap when the assembly is installed.

Full Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of and claims priority to U.S. application Ser. No. 12/787,199, filed May 25, 2010, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,205,410 which is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/785,174, filed Apr. 16, 2007, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,735,283 which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/343,199, filed Jan. 31, 2006, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,207,143 which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/066,099, filed Feb. 28, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,784,237 each of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. U.S. application Ser. No. 10/347,489 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,860,074) filed on Jan. 21, 2003, U.S. application Ser. No. 09/986,414, filed on Nov. 8, 2001, and U.S. application Ser. No. 10/748,852 filed on Dec. 31, 2003, are also incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The invention is a joint cover assembly that includes a molding, similar to a transition molding between two separate parts, such as a T-Molding, for covering a gap that may be formed between adjacent panels in a generally planar surface, such as between two adjacent flooring or wall or ceiling materials; or between a floor and a hard surface or carpet, or even a riser and a runner in a step (or a series of steps). 
     2. Background of-the Invention 
     Hard surface floors, such as wood or laminate flooring have become increasingly popular. As such, many different types of this flooring have been developed. Generally, this type of flooring is assembled by providing a plurality of similar panels. The differing types of panels that have developed, of course, may have differing depths and thicknesses. The same is true when a laminate floor (often referred to as a “floating floor”) abuts another hard surface, such as a resilient surface (such as vinyl), tile or another laminate surface, a ceramic surface, or other surface, e.g., natural wood flooring. Thus, when laminate panels having different thicknesses or different floor covering materials are placed adjacent to a laminate floor, transition moldings are often used to create a transition between the same. 
     Additionally, one may desire to install floor panels adjacent to an area with different types of material. For example, one may desire to have one type of flooring in a kitchen (e.g., solid wood, resilient flooring, laminate flooring or ceramic tile), and a different appearance in an adjacent living room (e.g., linoleum or carpeting), and an entirely different look in an adjacent bath. Therefore, it has become necessary to develop a type of molding or floorstrip that could be used as a transition from one type of flooring to another. 
     A problem is encountered, however, when ‘flooring materials that are dissimilar in shape or texture are used. For example, when a hard floor is placed adjacent a carpet, problems are encountered with conventional edge moldings placed therebetween. Such problems include difficulty in covering the gap that may be formed between the floorings having different height, thickness or texture. 
     Moreover, for purposes of reducing cost, it is important to be able to have a molding that is versatile, having, the ability to cover gaps between relatively coplanar surfaces, as well as surfaces of differing thicknesses. 
     It would also be of benefit to reduce the number of molding profiles that need to be kept in inventory by a seller or installer of laminate flooring. Thus, the invention also provides a method by which the number of moldings can be reduced while still providing all the functions necessary of different styles transition moldings. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention is a joint cover assembly for covering a gap between edges of adjacent floor elements, such as floor panels of laminate or wood, although it may also be used as a transition between a laminate panel and another type of flooring, e.g., carpet, linoleum, ceramic, wood, etc. The assembly typically includes a body having a foot positioned along a longitudinal axis, and a first arm extending generally perpendicularly from the foot. The assembly may include a second arm also extending generally perpendicular from the foot. Securing elements are provided to secure attachments to the at least one of the first and second arms. These securing elements may take the form of adhesive. The securing elements may also be in the form of a tab, which may be provided on at least one of the first or second arms, displaced from, or adjacent, the foot, extending generally perpendicularly from the arm. 
     The outward-facing surface of the assembly may be formed as a single, unitary, monolithic surface that covers both the first and second arms. This outward-facing surface may be treated, for example, with a laminate or a paper, such as a décor, impregnated with a resin, in order to increase its aesthetic value, or blend, to match or contrast with the panels. Preferably, the outward fading surface has incorporated therein a material to increase its abrasion resistance, such as hard particles of silica, alumina, diamond, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, silicon carbide and similar hard particles, preferably having a Moh&#39;s hardness of at least approximately 6. This outward-facing surface may also be covered with other types of coverings, such as foils (such as paper or thermoplastic foils), paints or a variety of other decorative elements. 
     The assembly is preferably provided with a securing means to prevent the assembly from moving once assembled. In one embodiment, the securing means is a clamp, designed to grab the foot. Preferably, the clamp includes a groove into which the foot is inserted. In a preferred embodiment, the clamp or rail may joined directly to a subsurface below the floor element, such as a subfloor, by any conventional means, such as a nail, screw or adhesive. 
     A shim may also be placed between the foot and the subfloor. In one embodiment, the shim may be positioned on the underside of the clamp; however, if a clamp is not used, the shim may be positioned between the foot and the subfloor. The shim may be adhered to either the foot or subfloor using an adhesive or a conventional fastener, e.g., nail or screw. 
     The assembly may also include a leveling block or reducer positioned between at least one of the first and second arms and the adjacent floor. The leveling block generally has an upper surface that engages the arm, and a bottom surface that abuts against the adjacent floor. In a preferred embodiment, the leveling block has a channel or groove formed in an upper surface, configured to receive the tab on the arm. The particular size of leveling block is often chosen to conform essentially to the difference in thicknesses between the first and second panels. The exposed surfaces of the leveling block are typically formed from a variety of materials, such as a carpet, laminate flooring, ceramic or wood tile, linoleum, turf, paper, natural wood or veneer, vinyl, wood, ceramic or composite finish, or any type of covering, while the interior of the leveling block is generally formed from wood, fiberboard, such as high density fiberboard (HDF) or medium density fiberboard (MDF), plastics, or other structural material, such as metals or composites, at least over a portion of the surface thereof may be covered with a foil, a plastic, a paper, a decor or a laminate to match or contrast with the first and second arms. The leveling block additionally facilitates the use of floor coverings having varying thicknesses when covering a subfloor. The leveling block helps the molding not only cover the gap, but provide a smoother transition from one surface to another. 
     Alternatively, the tab may be positioned to slidingly engage the edge of a panel when no leveling block is used. A lip may additionally be provided and positioned on the tab in order to slidingly engage a protuberance, adjacent an upper edge of the clamp, in order to retain the assembly in its installed position. 
     The tab is preferably shaped as to provide forces to maintain the assembly in the installed position. Thus, typically the, tab may be frustum-shaped, (e.g., dove-tailed) with its narrow edge proximate the arm and the wider edge furthest from the arm. Additionally, the tab may be lobe shaped, having a bulbous end distal from the arm. In another embodiment, only one side of the tab need be tapered (e.g., half dove-tailed). Of course, any suitable shape is sufficient, as long as the engagement of the tab and groove can provide enough resistive forces to hinder removal of the installed assembly. By forming a suitable groove in the leveling block, the tab can help to secure the assembly in place. Typically, a corresponding groove, having a similar shape as the tab is included in the leveling block or reducer, e.g., having its wider base distal the arm and its narrower opening proximate the arm. It is to be understood by those skilled in the art that although the description throughout this specification is that the position of the tab is on the at least one of the first and second arms, and the groove is on the attachment, e.g., leveling block, the relative position of the tab and groove can be reversed. 
     The assembly may additionally be used to cover gaps between tongue-and-groove type panels, such as glueless laminate floor panels. In addition to the uses mentioned above, the tab may also be designed to mate with a corresponding channel in the panel, the edge of one of the flooring elements, or may actually fit within a grooved edge. In order to better accommodate this type of gap, a second tab may be positioned to depend from the second panel engaging surface. 
     An adhesive, such as a glue, a microballoon adhesive, contact adhesive, or chemically activated adhesive including a water-activated adhesive, may be also positioned on the tab, in the groove, on the foot, and on at least one of the arms. Of course, such an adhesive is not necessary, but may enhance or supplement the fit of the assembly over the gap between the floor elements. Additionally, the adhesive may assist in creating a more air-tight or moisture-tight joint. 
     The assembly may be used in other non-coplanar areas, such as the edge between a wall and a floor, or even on stairs. For example, the assembly may include the first and second arms, and foot as described above, but instead of transitioning between two floor elements placed in the same plane, may form the joint between the horizontal and vertical surfaces of a single stair element. 
     The inventive assembly may be used for positioning between adjacent tongue-and-groove panels; in this regard, the assembly functions as a transition molding, which provides a cover for edges of dissimilar surfaces. For example, when installing floors in a home, the assembly could be used to provide an edge between a hallway and a bedroom, between a kitchen and living or bathroom, or any areas where distinct flooring is desired. Additionally, the assembly may be incorporated into differing types of flooring, such as wood, tile, linoleum, carpet, or turf. 
     The invention also is drawn to an inventive method for covering a gap between adjacent panels of a generally planar surface. The method includes multiple steps, including, inter alia, placing the foot in the gap, pressing the respective arms in contact with the respective floor elements, and configuring at least one of the tab and the foot to cooperate to retain the assembly in the gap after the assembly has been installed. 
     Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description. It should be understood, however, that the detailed description and the specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is an exploded view of an embodiment of the joint cover assembly in accordance with the invention; 
         FIGS. 1A and 1B  are alternate embodiments for the molding of the invention; 
         FIG. 2  is a perspective view of a second embodiment of the joint cover assembly in accordance with the invention; 
         FIGS. 3 and 3A  are comparative perspective views of embodiments of the leveling block; 
         FIG. 4  is perspective view of an additional embodiment of the joint cover assembly in accordance with the invention; 
         FIGS. 5 and 5A  are comparative perspective views of embodiments of the leveling block; 
         FIGS. 6-16  show comparative cross-sectional views of various embodiments of the melding portion of the joint cover assembly; 
         FIG. 17  depicts an embodiment of the assembly of the invention for use with stairs; 
         FIG. 18  shows a second embodiment of the assembly for use with stairs; 
         FIG. 19  is a side view of a generic element, which may be broken into the components of the invention; and 
         FIGS. 20-81  are various modifications of molding of the invention. 
         FIGS. 82-111  depict additional modifications of the molding the invention. 
         FIGS. 112-119  show even further modifications of the molding of the invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       FIG. 1  shows an exploded view of the various parts of the inventive joint cover assembly  10 . The assembly  10  includes a T-shaped molding  11 , having a foot  16  formed so that it can fit in a gap  20  between adjacent floor elements  24 ,  25 .  FIG. 1  demonstrates a typical use, in which the gap  20  is formed adjacent an edge  27  of a floor element  24 . Although  FIG. 1  depicts all of the floor elements  24  to be conventional tongue-and-groove type floor panels (having a groove  27  positioned adjacent to the gap  20 ), this is merely one of any number of embodiments. For example, floor elements  24 ,  25  need not be the same type of floor element. Specifically, the floor elements  24  can be any type of flooring designed to be used as a floor or placed over a subfloor  22 , e.g., tile, linoleum, laminate flooring, concrete slab, parquet, vinyl, turf, composite or hardwood. As is known, laminate floors are not attached to the subfloor  22 , but are considered “floating floors.” Although the figures illustrate particular locations for features such as the tab  18  and channel  42 , it is within the scope of the invention to reverse the relative locations of such features. 
     The molding  11  is provided with a first arm  12  and a second arm  14  extending in a single plane generally perpendicular to the foot  16 . Preferably, the foot  16 , first arm  12 , and the second arm  14  form a general T-shape, with the arms  12  and  14  forming the upper structure and the foot  16  forming the lower structure. Although the foot  16  is shown as being positioned at a central, axis of the molding  11 , such is only a preferred embodiment. In other words, it is within the scope of the invention to vary the position of the foot  16  “off center” with respect to the first and second arms  12 ,  14 . For example, the foot  16  may be placed at the midpoint, or anywhere in between, as is depicted, for example, in  FIGS. 82-99 . 
     As shown in  FIGS. 82-111 , a molding  1110  need not form a true right angle with its foot  1116 . For example, the transition from a respective outstretched arm  1112  or  1114  to a foot  1116  may be achieved by one or more rounded sections, or a plurality of straight sections. While the figures only illustrate an angle of other than 90° between arm  1114  and foot  1116 , it is within the scope of this invention to provide the transition between arm  1112  and foot  1116 , or both transitions with such an angle. Typically, these transitions are formed by undercutting the desired angle, as will be described in greater detail, below. 
     The molding  11 , as well as any of the other components used in the invention, may be formed of any suitable, sturdy material, such as wood, polymer, fiberboard, plywood, or even a wood/polymer composite, such as stranboard. Due to the growing popularity of wood and laminate flooring and wood wall paneling, however, a natural or simulated wood-grain appearance may be provided as the outward facing surface  34  of the molding  11 . The outward facing surface  34  may be a conventional laminate, such as a high pressure laminate (HPL), direct laminate (DL) or a post-formed laminate (as described in U.S. application Ser. No. 08/817,391, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety); a foil; a print, such as a photograph or a digitally generated image; or a liquid coating including, for example, aluminum oxide. Thus, in the event natural wood or wood veneer is not selected as the material, the appearance of wood may be simulated by coating the outer surface  34  with a laminate having a décor sheet that simulates wood. Alternatively, the décor can simulate marble, ceramic, terrazzo, stone, brick, inlays, or even fantasy patterns. Preferably, the outward facing surface  34  extends completely across the upper face of the molding, and optionally under surface  36  and  38  of arms  12  and  14 , respectively. 
     The core structure of components of the invention, including the center of the molding  11 , that is in contact with the outward facing surface  34  is formed from a core material. Typical core materials include wood based products, such as high density fiberboard (HDF), medium density fiberboard (MDF), particleboard, strandboard, plywood, and solid wood; polymer-based products, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), thermoplastics or thermosetting plastics or mixtures of plastic and other products, including reinforcements; and metals, such as aluminum, stainless steel, brass, aluminum or copper. The various components of the invention are preferably constructed in accordance with the methods disclosed by U.S. application Ser. No. 08/817,391, as well as U.S. application Ser. No. 10/319,820, filed Dec. 16, 2002, each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
     The resulting products typically have durability rating. As defined by the European Producers of Laminate Flooring; such products can have a durability rating of anywhere from AC 1  to AC 5 . Preferably, the products of this invention have a rating of either AC 3  or AC 5 . 
     A securing element, such as a metal clamp, track or rail  26 , may be coupled to the subfloor  22  within the gap  20  formed between the two floor elements  24 . The clamp may be coupled to the subfloor  22  by fasteners, such as screws or any conventional coupling method, such as nails or glue. The clamp  26  and the foot  16  are preferably cooperatively formed so that the foot  16  can slide within the clamp  26  without being removed. For example, the clamp  26  may be provided with in-turned ends  30  designed to grab the outer surface of the foot  16  to resist separation in a vertical direction. Typically, the foot  16  has a dove-tail shape, having the shorter parallel edge joined to the arms  12  and  14 ; and the clamp  26  is a channeled element having a corresponding shape as to mate with the foot  16  and hold it in place. Additionally, the securing element may take the form of an inverted T-element  50  ( FIG. 1A ), configured to mate with a corresponding groove  52  in an end of foot  16 , such that friction between the T-element  50  and the groove  52  secures the molding  11  in place, or, in the alternative, the end of the foot  16  may be provided with a narrowed section, designed to mate with a groove in the securing element. Finally, each of the T-element  50 , mating section of the foot  16  and/or various grooves, may be provided with notched or barbed edges  55  to simultaneously assist in mating and resist disassembly ( FIG. 1B ). However, in an alternative embodiment, the securing element can be eliminated because the molding  11  can be affixed to one of the floor elements  24 ,  25 , by, for example, an adhesive. Preferably, however, the molding  11  is not secured to both floor elements  24 ,  25 , as to permit a degree of relative movement, or floating, between the floor elements  24 ,  25 . 
     The clamp  26  may additionally be formed of a sturdy, yet pliable material that will outwardly deform as the foot  16  is inserted, but will retain the foot  16  therein. Such materials include, but are not limited to, plastic, wood/polymer composites, wood, and polymers. The clamp  26  may additionally engage recesses in, for example, sides of the foot  16 . 
     A tab  18  is shown as extending downwardly from the first arm  12 . As shown in  FIG. 1 , the tab  18  extends downward, or away from an outward facing surface  34  of the molding, and runs generally parallel to the foot  16 . As shown in  FIG. 1 , the tab  18  may also be in the shape of a dove-tail with a shorter edge adjacent to the first arm  12 ; however, other suitable shapes are possible. The shape of the outwardly facing surface  34  of the molding  11  is shown as being convex in some of the Figures (e.g.,  FIGS. 1A ,  1 B and  7 ), and substantially planar in others (e.g.,  FIGS. 1 ,  2 ,  4 , and  6 ). When the outwardly facing surface  34  is substantially planar, the edges of the molding  11  may either be upright or at an angle, typically angling away from the foot  16 . However, the relative positions of the tongue/groove may also be reversed. 
     The assembly may further include a leveling block  40  otherwise known in the art as reducers. When flooring elements  24  and  25  are of differing heights, the leveling block  40  is positioned between either the first arm  12  or the second arm  14  and the subfloor  22 . Preferably, the size of the leveling block  40  is selected to correspond essentially to the difference in heights of the two flooring elements  24  and  25 . However, if an adjustable pad  1120  (as described below) is used, the particular height of the reducer is not particularly important. For example, if one flooring element  24  is a ceramic tile, having a thickness of 2″ and the second flooring element  25  is vinyl, having a thickness of ¼″, the leveling block  40  would typically have a thickness of 1¾″ to bridge the difference and be placed between arm  12  and the other flooring element  25 . Without the leveling block  40 , a significant space would exist between the second flooring element  25  and the molding  11 , allowing for moisture and dirt to accumulate. While the difference in heights of the flooring elements  24 ,  25  is generally caused by a difference in thickness between the two flooring elements  24 ,  25 , the present invention may also be used to “flatten out” an uneven subfloor  22 . In addition, a shim may be placed under the track to adjust for differences in floor thickness. In a preferred embodiment, the leveling block is provided with a channel  42  designed to receive the tab  18 . 
     The width of the foot  16 ,  1116  may be different, depending upon the particular application. For example, when a reversible molding element  1250  is used, it is preferred that the width of the foot  16 ,  1116  be narrower to accommodate the proximal portions of the molding element. Typically, the clamp  26 ,  1126  is also adjusted to accommodate the appropriate foot  16 ,  1116 . 
     Even though the assembly  10  may function without any type of glue or adhesive, an alternate embodiment includes the placement of adhesive  31  on the molding  11 . The adhesive may be placed on molding  11  at the factory (for example, pre-glued). Alternatively, the glue may be applied while the floor elements  24 ,  25  are being assembled. As shown in  FIG. 6 , the adhesive  31  may be provided as a strip-type adhesive, but any type of adhesive, such as glue, chemical or chemically-activated adhesive, water-activated adhesive, contact cements, microballoon or macroballoon encapsulated adhesive may be used. Additionally, while the embodiment in  FIG. 6  shows a single adhesive strip  31  attached to the arm  12 , the adhesive  31  may be attached to the tab  18 , foot  16 , and/or any location where two pieces of the assembly are joined. In some embodiments, the adhesive may be used as an alternative to tab  18  and groove  42 . Preferably, adhesive  31  is only applied to one of the arms  12 ,  14  in order to allow or accommodate some slight relative movement that may occur during changes of temperature, for example. This relative movement is known in the flooring art as “float”. Allowing float may also eliminate unneeded material stresses as well, thereby reducing warping or deterioration of the material surface. Typical adhesives used in the invention include a fresh adhesive, such as PERGO GLUE (available from Perstorp AB of Perstorp, Sweden), water activated dry glue, dry glue (needing no activation) or an adhesive strip with a peel off protector of paper. 
       FIG. 2  shows a typical embodiment of the assembly  10  in an installed condition, wherein the floor elements  24  and  25  are of differing thicknesses (H and H′ respectively). Of course, the element  24  may be of any type of covering, such as carpet, turf, tile, linoleum or the like. As shown in  FIG. 3 , the leveling block  40  typically includes a substantially flat bottom  46 , and a top  45  having a groove  42 , and an inner surface  44 . The top  45  of the leveling block  40  is designed to firmly abut the under surface  36  of the first arm  12 , while the bottom  46  abuts floor element  25 . Typically, the groove  42  is shaped as to firmly hold the tab  18 . By having a corresponding shape, for example, the groove  42  can have a dove-tail shape, where both lateral sides diverge from the upper surfaces or a “half-dove tail,” where only one of the two sides is so configured. The inner surface  44  of the leveling block  40  need not abut the foot, as generally, a small amount of clearance is provided between the clamp  26  or foot  16  and the inner surface  44  of the leveling block. However, the inner surface  44  may be configured to contact either of the clamp  26  or foot  16 . The tab  18  may also be of a shape different than groove  42 , e.g., a wedged-shaped tab fitting within a straight-walled groove. In other embodiments, friction will be sufficient to maintain the position of the tab and groove elements. 
     The leveling block  40  may be made of a composite, pliable material that is also resilient. For example, the tab  18  may be formed to be slightly larger than the opening of the channel  42 , thereby forcing the channel  42  to outwardly deform in order to accommodate the tab  18 , and therefore snap-fit together. 
     As shown in  FIG. 3 , the outer surface  47  of the leveling block  40  is generally treated to match or blend with the outer surface  34  of the molding or the floor element  24 ,  25  in order to improve aesthetics. 
       FIG. 3A  shows an alternate embodiment of a leveling block  40 ′. An outer surface  47 ′ of this embodiment is configured generally perpendicular to an upper surface  44 ′ and a lower surface  46 ′ of the leveling block  40 ′. This alternate configuration of the outer surface  47 ′ not only provides a different appearance, it also has been shown to be preferred when softer surfaces, such as carpet or turf, are positioned beneath the lower surface  46 ′ of the leveling block  40 ′. 
       FIG. 4  shows yet another alternate embodiment of the leveling block  140 . The leveling block  140  includes a bottom  146 , and a top  145  and an inner surface  144 . The top  145  of the leveling block  140  is designed to firmly abut the under surface  36  of the first arm  12 , while the bottom  146  abuts floor element  25 . This leveling block  140  is positioned between a first arm  112  of the molding  111  and the flooring element  125 . In this embodiment of the assembly  110 , the tab  118  engages the inner surface  144  of the leveling block  140 . 
       FIG. 5  shows an embodiment of a leveling block  140  that may be used in the assembly shown in  FIG. 4 . Specifically, the leveling block  140  in  FIG. 5  has a solid, uninterrupted upper surface  145 , without the need for a channel because the tab ( 118 , as in  FIG. 4 ) will engage the inner surface  144  of the leveling block instead of the top surface  145 . In such an embodiment, the tab  118  may also be adjacent the foot. In some embodiments, the use of adhesive will reinforce the positioning of the leveling block  140  relative to tab  118 . 
       FIG. 5A  shows an additional shape of a leveling block  140 ′ that can be incorporated into the assembly shown in  FIG. 4 . Leveling block  140 ′ has a front surface  146 ′ that will be generally perpendicular to a floor  122  (as shown in FIG.  4 ) when the leveling block  140 ′ is installed. This perpendicular configuration of the front surface  147 ′ not only provides a different appearance, it has also been found to be preferred with softer surfaces, such as carpet or turf.  FIG. 6  shows an underside view of the molding  11 . In particular, the first under surface  36  of the first arm  12 , and the second under surface  38  of the second arm  14  are shown. In one embodiment, under surface  36  is provided with the adhesive  31  positioned to adhere to a surface of a floor element  24 ,  25  or leveling block  40 ,  40 ′,  140 ,  140 ′. 
       FIGS. 7-15  show various cross-sectional views of the molding  11 . These figures show comparative configurations for the arms  12 ,  14 , the tab  18 , and the shape of molding  11 . 
     In  FIG. 7 , the tab  18  is selected to be an outward-facing hook having a barb facing away from the foot  16 , while the upper surface of the molding has a convex curvature. This particular selection for the tab  18  may be used to engage an edge or groove of an adjacent floor element  24 ,  25 , or, in the alternative, an adjacent leveling block  40 . Additionally, a shim  48  may be positioned between the foot  16  and the subfloor  22 . The shim  48  is generally formed of a pliable and flexible, yet durable, material, such as a polymer, preferably a polymer exhibiting electrometric properties. The shim  48  may be used in place of, or in combination with, clamp  26 . Preferably, the shim  48  is sized in accordance with the size of the clamp  26 ,  1126 . 
       FIGS. 8-15  show cross-sections of other shapes for the molding  11 . The configurations of the moldings are very similar, except for the shape of the tab  18 . The differing tabs have been assigned decimal numbers beginning with  18 , for clarity purposes. A tab  18 . 1  ( FIG. 8 ) is a bulbous shape, having its rounded end furthest from the arm  12 . tab  18 . 2  ( FIG. 9 ) is provided with a hook-shape with a point facing the foot  16 . In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 10 , a tab  18 . 3  is in the shape of a dove-tail, similar to the shape of the tab  18  shown in  FIG. 2 . The tab  18  may additionally be configured to have a substantially rectangular cross section with two opposite rounded off corners, as shown in  FIGS. 82-111  or any of the other shapes described herein, with one or more of the corners/ends being rounded. 
     The purpose of the various-shaped tabs ( 18 - 18 . 8 ) is multi-fold. Primarily, the tab  18  serves to engage the channel  42  of the leveling block  40 , which is used when covering of differing thickness is used. Alternatively, the respective tab ( 18 - 18 . 8 ) may engage an edge of a panel, carpet, turf, or other type of floor covering. As shown herein, the respective tab ( 18 - 18 . 8 ) may even be configured to engage a leveling block. 
     It is additionally considered within the scope of the invention to eliminate the tab. In such an embodiment, preferably, the molding  11  includes an adhesive on the under surface  36 ,  38  of one of the arms  12 ,  14 . 
     With respect to  FIG. 16 , the invention may also be used when the floor elements are not co-planar. For example, one embodiment includes a stair nose attachment  210  that can be attached to the same molding  11 , as described above. As used herein, a stair nose attachment is a component capable of mating with the molding  11  so as to conceal, protect or otherwise cover a joint forming a single stair. Typically, the molding  11  is provided atop the first floor element  24  on the horizontal, or run  220  of the stair, such that the stair nose attachment  210  bridges the joint between the first floor element  24  and the second floor element  25 , forming the vertical section of the stair, or rise  230 . As a result, the invention can be used to cover and protect joints between flooring elements on stairs. While in a preferred embodiment, the floor elements covering the rise  220  and run  230  are the same type of flooring material, the flooring elements need not be of the same construction or type of materials. 
     The stair nose attachment  210  may include a tab receiving groove  212 , permitting connection of the stair nose attachment  210  to the molding  11 . Because the tab receiving groove  212  in the stair nose attachment  210  is preferably shaped according to the shape of the tab  18  of the molding  11 , the stair nose attachment  210  may be attached to the molding  11  by, for example, snapping or sliding. 
     However, in other embodiments, the tab on the under surface  36  is eliminated. While the tabs and corresponding grooves may be eliminated, it is nevertheless considered within the scope of the invention to utilize an adhesive, as described herein. Alternatively, the stair nose attachment  210  may include a tab  218  to mate with a corresponding groove  219  on the foot  16  of the molding  11  ( FIG. 17 ), or vice-versa. 
     By allowing an end user to purchase the generic element  300  instead of separate components, the retailers and/or distributors may accordingly reduce their inventory requirements. For example, typically over one-hundred different design patterns for the outwardly facing surface  34  of the molding  11  (as well as for the leveling block  40  and stair nose attachment  210 ) are produced. By allowing for the inventory to include only the generic elements of the invention, the total number of components retained can be reduced from three per design to one per design. Similarly, the installer only need purchase the generic elements  300 , rather than three individual components. Thus, both retailers and installers may profit from having less storage and/or retail bays to service the same types of accessories as prior to the invention. 
       FIGS. 20-53  depict alternate embodiments, for the leveling block (or other pieces) and the molding  11 . 
       FIG. 20  shows a general representation of the molding with a track  101  and shim  102 , below the molding  11 . Preferably, the track  101  is metal and the shim  102  is plastic. However, it is within the scope of the invention to form either of these pieces out of either material. Additionally, other materials may be used, such as materials which flex, but return to their original configuration when pressure is applied and then released. In one embodiment, a track  101 , formed of metal, is fastened to a subfloor with screws. For thicker laminate flooring, the shim  102  may be snapped to the underside of the track before it is fastened to the subfloor. Use of the shim  102  offers a height adjustment for multiple thicknesses of laminate, or other flooring. Thus, where the height of a surface below the molding  11  requires the molding to be raised, the shim  102  can be used to provide the necessary spacing. However, it must be noted that, although  FIG. 20  shows the shim  102  being used, such is an optional element, as the shim  102  may be used with each of the shapes and designs of moldings  11  disclosed herein, or similarly, eliminated from each embodiment, as required by the particular circumstances. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 90-99  and  102 - 111 , the shim  102  may be in the form of a pad  1102 , which may be provided with one or more upturned ends  1102   a  and  1102   b . Preferably, the upturned ends  1102   a  and  1102   b  of the pad  1102  are sized and shaped to receive foot  1116  if desired. Thus, in a number of embodiments, shown for example in  FIGS. 102-111 , the foot  1116  is positioned in the pad  1102 , such that the upturned ends  1102   a  and  1102   b  grip or grasp the clamp  1126 . If the upturned ends  1102   a  and  1102   b , or even the entire pad,  1102  are formed from a resilient material, such as a plastic or elastomer or certain types of metal, the gripping force provided can be greater. However, the pad  1102  and the parts thereof can be constructed of any material. The pad  1102  may additionally be affixed to a clamp  1126  with a fastener, such as a screw or nail, and/or an adhesive, such as a glue or adhesive tape. In the embodiment shown in  FIGS. 98 ,  99 ,  110  and  111 , the pad  1102  is inverted, such that upturned ends  1102   a  and  1102   b  are directed toward the subfloor and away from the clamp  1126  in order to provide the clamp  1126  with additional height. This allows a single pad  1102  to accommodate a variety of height requirements. Moreover, if needed, it is possible to cut off a terminal section of the upturned ends  1102   a  and  1102   b  to accommodate an unlimited number of additional heights. The size and depth of the pad  1102  is not limited by the present invention and is typically any height from 1 mm up to 4 mm, with additional height being provided when the pad  1102  is inverted. Typically, the pad  1120 , just like the shim  102 , is sized in accordance with the clamp  26 ,  1126 . 
     The size of the clamp  1126  is not particularly limited by the present invention. Typical clamp  1126  heights can be any dimension, preferably from 6-10 mm, most preferably 6.55 or 6.8 mm. 
     The embodiment of  FIG. 21  has a leg of the molding  11  extended. Herein, there is a choice of height adjusting shims, which, in addition to the snap-on shim  102 , may additionally include a second shim  103 , formed of any material, such as wood, plastic, fiberboard, stone, metal, etc., that can be attached via any method to either the molding or the subsurface, such as with an adhesive, or screw. Typically, the extended leg of the T-molding is fastened to a subfloor with a silicone sealant, acting as an adhesive. Such a construction permits easy and quick installation, especially avoiding the need to drill holes and insert plugs for screws when installing over a concrete subfloor. The shim  102  can be attached to the underside of the extended leg of the T-molding to provide the appropriate height adjustment. 
       FIGS. 20 and 21  additionally represent the double and reversed tongue-and-groove configuration that functions to fasten a foot, hard surface reducer or carpet/end molding to the T-molding. In this configuration the tongue that extends from the underside of the T-molding is placed so that it falls within the expansion space of the installed flooring transition. This configuration does not require the removal of this tongue in order to install the T-molding part as a T-molding only. Should the laminate floor expand, the pressure will be sufficient to shear off this tongue on the underside of the molding, and the floor can move freely as if there were no extended tongue present in the expansion space. 
     Preferably, the shim  102  is a metal or plastic structure, having a pair of grabbing flanges  102   a  for the purpose of clamping onto, for example, the track  101 . The grabbing flanges  102   a  typically form an acute angle with respect to the remainder of the shim  102 , such that when the molding  11  is inserted into the shim  102 , the grabbing flanges  102   a  are forced outward, and the grabbing flanges  102   a  function to hold the molding  11  in place. 
     In a preferred embodiment, the molding  11  and a second member, such as a reducer; leveling block, stair nose, or any other molding attachment. Are joined by one or more tongue-and-groove joints. For example, the second, member can be provided with a tongue and the molding  11  is provided with a matching groove. As shown in  FIGS. 25 and 26 , the tongue, which may be located on the second member, may be shaped as a dove-tail or a “half dovetail,” wherein only one of the two sides defines an angle other than ninety degrees. Such a tongue may extend over any potion of the mating surface, such as small amount ( FIG. 25 ), approximately half ( FIG. 26 ), or even substantially the entire mating surface. 
     Typically, the tongue-and-groove are not simply rectangular” in shape, but are provided with elements which tend to hold the pieces together. For example, as shown in  FIGS. 20 ,  21 ,  25 ,  28  and  29 , the tongue may have, on at least one side a tapered surface, resembling a dovetail, such that the pieces cannot simply dissociate without manipulation. 
     In the embodiments of  FIGS. 20 and 21 , the reducer has on its mating surface, one tongue and one groove, while the molding  11  has the matching groove and tongue. In  FIG. 21   a , the extended leg of the T-molding allows the T to be adhered to the sub-floor with construction adhesive or tapes or other adhesives. A shim can be placed on the bottom of the extended leg of the T-molding to raise the height, either a snap-on type of shim or a simple rectangular piece of material which can be adhered onto the bottom of the foot and then the assembly is adhered to the floor. 
       FIGS. 22 through 27  can represent either installation method, with a track or with an extended leg on the T-molding for, T-molding, bard surface reducer, carpet/end molding and stair nosing. 
     In the embodiments of  FIGS. 22 and 23 , the pieces are provided with a horizontal flange  111  and the molding  11  has a similarly shaped groove. In  FIG. 22 , the groove is not provided with any locking elements, while in  FIG. 23 , the groove is provided with a locking flange  121 , which joins with a locking groove  112  on the second member to hold the pieces together. Although not specifically shown, it is within the scope of the invention to swap the location of the tongue/groove, such that the tongue is on the molding  11 , and the groove is positioned on the second member. Similarly, there may be any number of matching tongues/grooves, and each piece may have any combination of tongues and grooves. Similarly, as shown in  FIG. 27 , the tongue and groove need not be positioned adjacent to the underside of one of the arms of the molding  11 , and a gap  114  may be provided in the second member to allow for greater movement between the second member and the first member without permitting dissociation. This gap may be a break-away feature. 
     In  FIG. 22 , a recess lateral slot is present on the underside of the T-molding, as well as a groove in the leg of the T-molding. The recessed slot and raised platform of the top of each foot hinders lateral movement of the foot and the tongue and groove stabilize the foot against the top of the T-molding. 
     In  FIG. 23 , there is a tongue and groove with a snap-fit ridge or tab at the end of the groove or in the, tongue of the leg′ of the T-molding. There is also shown a corresponding groove in the underside of the tongue of each foot that snaps into the tab. 
     In the embodiment of  FIG. 24 , the locking element  110  is a downwardly facing flange, sized and shaped to mate with the locking groove  112  on the second member. When the pieces are connected, the locking element  110  and locking groove  112  function to resist separation of the pieces in a horizontal direction. Although not shown, the locking element  110  and locking groove  112 , as shown in  FIG. 24 , may be combined with any of the structures as shown in any of the other embodiments disclosed herein in order to assist in maintaining a secure connection between the elements. 
     In one embodiment, the extension  114  is affixed to the subfloor, by a means for securing. The securing means may be, for example, a mechanical fastener or a chemical fastener through, for example, boss  134 . As used herein, a mechanical fastener is any device which joins the elements with, e.g., pressure, and includes, but is not limited to, a nail, screw, staple, claw, clamp, barb, cant hook, clapper, crook, fang, grapnel, grappler, hook, manus, nipper, paw, pincer, retractile, spur, talon, tentacle, unguis, ungula, brad, point, push pin, and tack. Additionally, a chemical fastener is a component, such as a sealant or adhesive, and includes tapes, glues and epoxies. This extension  114  may also attach to the track. 
     The embodiments shown in  FIGS. 28-35  each have an extension  120  of the second member which extends below the foot of the molding. In such embodiments, typically, the second member is a stair molding and is secured to the subfloor. The T-molding is then attached to the second member, as the T-molding does not contact the subfloor. However, it is considered within the scope of the invention to additionally provide an extension bracket, (not shown) for securing the T-molding to the subfloor. As shown in  FIGS. 28 ,  29  and  35 , the second member may include a recess  124  into which the foot of the T-molding is inserted, or in the alternative, a depression  126  ( FIGS. 30 ,  33  and  34 ). 
     Additionally, the second member may have a wedge  128  ( FIGS. 31 and 32 ) to secure the T-molding in place. The foot of the T-molding may either be angled into position to bypass the uppermost section of the wedge  128 , or the wedge may be formed such that it deflects under pressure and snaps back after the foot of the T-molding is properly positioned. Again, the embodiments&#39; of  FIGS. 28-35  may be combined with one or more of the tongue and groove-configurations&#39; as shown or described in connection with  FIGS. 20-27 . 
     The second member, shown as a stair nosing, in  FIGS. 28-35  may be installed using construction adhesives, specialized tapes (such as simple double-sided tapes), silicone or other sealants (such as epoxies or glues) or mechanical fasteners (such as screws or nails). 
     The embodiments of  FIGS. 36-42  can be installed using a track  101 , similar to the embodiments shown in  FIGS. 20-27 . In particular, either one or both of the T-molding and second member (shown as a stair nose) may be secured with the track  101 . The members can also be fastened to the track  101  after a construction adhesive or sealant/adhesive has been applied into the track and/or additional mechanical fasteners may be used to assist in fixing the second member to the subfloor (or tread, as necessary). 
       FIG. 43  demonstrates an extended face for a stair nose. Therein, the extended face is sufficient in breadth to cover the edge of common stair treads, thus eliminating the need to place a separate piece of flooring on the edge of stair treads or to cover the edge of a subfloor when stepping down from a floating floor installation to a lower level floor. However, stair noses may also be installed using the method described in connection with  FIG. 21 , above, without the need of a track  101 , when the T-molding has an extended leg. 
     The embodiments of  FIGS. 44-53  allow installation of the multipurpose flooring transition using only adhesives, tapes or sealants, as no track  101  is required. The additional surface area beneath the transition is increased adding additional adhesion area for strength in bonding the transition to the subfloor. This installation method also avoids the need for a track, screws and/or plugs (although they are certainly not prohibited), and additionally allows for faster installation over subfloors formed from, for example, wood based products or concrete. 
       FIGS. 44 and 45  show two assembled members held together with glue before fastening to the subfloor. Such members may also be installed by other methods described herein. 
       FIGS. 46-49  depict two members joined together with a snap-fit, such that no glue is necessary. Such members may also be installed by another method described herein. Although  FIGS. 46-49  show a particular location for various snap-fitting elements, i.e., tongue and groove, it is certainly within the scope of this invention to increase the size, shape, location and number of the tongues and grooves as necessary. For example,  FIG. 30  depicts one groove on either side of the foot of the T-molding and corresponding tongues on the second member. However, additional tongues/grooves may be located on the bottom of the foot or even on the underside of the arm. Additionally, the second member may include both tongues and grooves, combining the features illustrated in  FIGS. 46 and 47  with  FIGS. 48 and 49 . 
       FIG. 50  represents a shim, which can be made, from waste cuttings of the core material during the manufacture of the transition. This shim may be used to elevate the foot of the assembly to accommodate a thicker flooring material. 
       FIG. 51  shows an additional embodiment wherein the second member is a stair molding. ‘The pieces, i.e., the T-molding and the stair molding, can be held together with glue before fastening to the subfloor, or by any other installation method described herein. 
     In  FIG. 52 , an additional T-molding is shown that can snap-fit, i.e., without the need for glue, and  FIG. 53  shows a corresponding track or structure to be incorporated into a second member. Specifically, the second member piece of  FIG. 53  includes a plurality of alternating tongues and grooves, such that the foot of the T-molding, also having alternating tongues and grooves, form a snap action that functions to hold the T-molding firmly. Additionally, this design permits the elimination of the shim  102 , as the foot of the T-molding need not be completely seated in the second member. In other words, because the T-molding can be secured to the second member with a gap or space remaining between the bottom of the foot  130  and the inner-most part of the second member  130 , height variations can be accounted for without the need for an additional part. 
       FIGS. 54-66  show an alternate embodiment of the invention. Specifically, as shown in  FIG. 64 , a single reversible molding element  1001  has an outer face  1005 , which extends over a front face  1007  and a rear face  1009 . This outer surface  1005  is the same on both the front face  1007  and the rear face  1009 , and preferably includes a laminate, but may also be of a foil. While the outer surface  1005  may be limited to only the front face  1007  and the rear face  1009 , the outer surface  1005  may extend across any additional surfaces as well. Due to the novel construction of the reversible molding element  1001 , the versatility of the invention can be greatly increased. 
     An example of the versatility of the reversible molding element  1001  is specifically shown in  FIGS. 55 and 56 , wherein the significant distinction between  FIGS. 55 and 56  is the orientation of the reversible molding element  1001 . In  FIG. 55 , the reversible molding element  1001  has its front face  1007  facing outward, while in  FIG. 56 , the opposite, or rear face  1009  facing outward. As a result, when the front face  1007  is oriented outward, reversible molding element  1001  functions as a hard surface reducer. In contrast, when reversible molding element  1001  is reversed, and the rear face  1009  is oriented outward, the reversible molding element  1001  functions as an end molding. Thus, when the T-molding is put together in a single package with the reversible molding element  1001 , the combination can be used as either a hard surface reducer or an end molding, in contrast to other systems which require three independent pieces to accomplish the same result. 
     When using two parts instead of three, maximum use of materials is accomplished, making the invention more economical to produce and, as a result, more environmentally friendly sound. This new configuration of two pieces allows a third piece to be introduced, also reversible, that broadens the use of the pieces to include a increased range of flooring thicknesses found in such products as hardwood and other finished flooring that could not be previously accommodated. An additional option that increases the range of use of the invention is to permit it to transition to a broader range of flooring thicknesses by adding a second reversible part that is higher (thicker) than the first reversible part. 
     In  FIG. 54 , there is a tongue/groove connection in the attachable parts, for example, on the underside of the T-molding. However, it is within the scope of the invention to reverse the position of each of the tongue and groove from that illustrated. This figure shows the reversible molding element  1001  in a configuration with the track and shim, as optionally used in the other embodiments discussed herein. 
     In  FIG. 57  the underside of the T-molding does not have a tongue or groove. It does, however, have a notch or shoulder, which holds the other molding piece, such as the reversible molding element  1001 , from moving laterally toward the track. The reversible molding element  1001 , preferably, is smooth, without a groove or tab on the surface which comes into contact with the underside of the T-molding. The underside of the reversible molding element  1001  preferably has a groove to accommodate an extension from the track that stabilizes the lateral movement of the reversible molding element, preventing movement away from the track. In order to hold the element  1001  in place, the track can be provided with a gripping flange  1010 , which may be formed as a break-away section on the remainder of the track, such that when the gripping flange  1010  is not to be used, it can be easily removed to have the track in a different configuration. 
       FIG. 58  shows both a groove and stabilizing notch on the underside of the T-molding, with a tab on the reversible molding element  1001 . 
       FIG. 59  shows an extendable track extension  1012 , which may be one, piece or with break-away elements, and may also act as a shim to raise the track. When used as one piece, the, raised tab, on the extension that affixes to the underside of the reversible molding element  1001 , can slide beneath the finished flooring when the track is used to hold a T-molding or the height of the tab can be the equivalent to the height of underlayments used in the floating floor application, and will not interfere with the floating floor, because the extension is no higher than the foam underlayment commonly used in such installations, the apparatus does not interfere with the floating floor. When used with the break-away feature, the extension can be removed and the remaining part can be used as a shim to raise the track to accommodate a thicker floor. The track may be joinable-with a tongue/groove connection system to prevent relative movement.  FIGS. 60 and 62  show a similar attachable extension using thinner material and a different attachment configuration. 
     In  FIG. 61 , the underside of the T-molding does not have either a tongue or groove. It does, however, have a notch or shoulder that holds the reversible molding element from moving laterally toward the track. The reversible molding element may also be smooth, Le., no tongue or groove  6   n  the surface that comes into, contact with the underside of the T-molding. These parts can be assembled With any type of glue or adhesive, such as fresh glue, pre-applied glue, encapsulated glue, reactive adhesives, contact adhesives, or adhesive tapes,  7 . 
     In  FIG. 63 , the T-molding has a milled groove  1012 . The top of for example, the reversible molding element also has a groove  1014 . To complete assembly, a loose double-sided tongue  1016  can be pressed into the groove  1012  as the reversible molding element  1001  is attached to the tongue  1016 . The tongue  1016  can be pressure fit or glued into one or both of the grooves  1012 ,  1014 . 
     The two different sizes of elements  1001  of  FIGS. 65 and 66  allow for accommodation of a wide range of thicknesses. 
     In  FIG. 67   a , there is a groove and stabilizing notch on the underside of the T-molding, and a tab on the reversible molding element  1001  (not shown); Here, the T-molding can accommodate either reversible parts (such as those shown in  FIGS. 65 and 66 ), and a shim can be used with an extension (which can be broken away or folded under the shim) to increase its thickness to raise the track and accommodate thicker flooring.  FIG. 67   b  shows the break-away shim extension with tabs that can snap to the underside of the shim. 
       FIGS. 68-80  utilize the reversible concept with aluminum or other metals or composites. Generally all of the same features of the previously described materials can be used with these elements. These structures may additionally be covered, at least in part, by a decor layer (which may be, optionally directly, digitally printed and coated or a decor sheet which can be subsequently coated), such as a foil or other laminate structure. 
       FIG. 69  shows two grooves in the T-molding and two matching tongues on the second or reversible molding element. Again, the location of the tongue/groove of any embodiment described herein can be swapped without departing from the invention. 
       FIG. 70  shows a T-molding with one single foot and a track to accommodate this foot, similar to  FIGS. 1A and 1B . 
       FIG. 71  shows a T-molding and, a reversible, molding element with grooves that can accommodate a clip′ 1   020  that joins the two parts together. The clip has a similar function as the double-tongue of  FIG. 63 . 
       FIG. 72  shows a reversible molding element with a tab on the top and groove on the underside to accommodate a track extension and aid the prevention of lateral movement, similar to that which is shown in  FIG. 57 . 
     In  FIG. 73 , the T-molding is provided with serrated grooves  1022  which match similar grooves  1024  on the reversible molding element. These grooves may be serrated “inwards” to hinder pulling-out of the reversible molding element, or inwards to hinder the reversible molding element from being pushed inward, i.e., toward the foot of the T-molding. Alternate embodiments which differ from the traditional tongue/groove connection are shown in  FIGS. 75 and 76 . The T-molding can have a notch or shoulder and the reversible molding element can have a corresponding tongue to prevent lateral movement away from the track. The pieces may also be smooth and held together with an adhesive, as described elsewhere herein, or may be held together using only the track extension. 
     In  FIG. 74 , the track is shown with an extension as a break-away section, similar to that which is shown in  FIGS. 60 and 62 . 
       FIGS. 77-80  show a metal or composite stair nose attachment in accordance with the invention. 
     In  FIG. 77 , the stair nose is attached to a T-molding, which need not be formed from an aluminum. This structure may be from HDF, MDF, plastic, or other metal or composite materials. Such composites can include combinations of wood based and plastic resin composites. Hidden fasteners, which are not visible from the surface of either element can be used to secure the elements to the subfloor. There can also be a track to hold the elements in place. 
     In  FIG. 78 , the stair nose is a separate piece apart from the T and the track. It can be fastened to the subfloor or stair tread with screws through apertures  1030  integrated into the structure of the stair nose. The separate track can be secured to the subfloor also with separate screws. Additionally, the same screws may be used to affix the track and the stair nose. The T-molding can be attached to the stair nose by the tongue and groove arid can be held to the subfloor or stair tread by the track. 
       FIGS. 79 and 80  show the stair nose and track as one piece. While the track and stair nose can be separately formed, and joined, for example, by a tongue/groove system, they can also be formed and sold as a single unit. 
       FIG. 81  shows a modification of the T-molding of the invention. Specifically, it is possible to remove one of the arms or members from the T-molding to create an end molding or carpet reducer. This T-molding  1801  can be in accordance with any of the embodiments described herein. For example, the T-molding  18801  may be formed from HDF, MDF, metal or composite, and optionally provided with a decor layer, which may be printed or otherwise provided directly on the surface. Additionally, the removable section may be pre-fabricated as a frangible section, as is shown and described in accordance with  FIG. 19 . A kit, such as a single package, may also be provided which includes at least two, but preferably all, of the individual parts described herein. 
     As shown in  FIG. 19 , it is also possible to form the molding  11 , leveling block  40 . and stair nose attachment  210  from the same element. Specifically, a generic element, indicated at  300  can be milled, sawed or otherwise constructed with a variety of “break away,” or readily separable, sections  300 A,  300 B, and  300 C. When one or more sections  300 A,  300 B,  300 C are removed by for example, scoring and snapping, cutting, sawing or simply bending, the individual pieces can result. Preferably, the generic element  300  is initially formed as a unitary structure which is then scored as to provide stress-points to allow the removal of the sections. While not required by the present invention, typically, the removal of the break-away sections  300 A,  300 B,  300 C requires a significant amount of physical force or labor, as the remaining structure must maintain its structural integrity. Alternatively, removal of the sections  300 A,  300 B,  300 C may require the use of a specialized tool. 
     By designing the generic element  300  in accordance with the invention. An installer can manipulate the generic element  300  to produce any needed component. For example, removing sections  300 B and  300 C would produce a typical stair nose attachment  210 , while removing sections  300 A and  300 C would produce a typical molding  11 . Due to this construction, it is, possible to manufacture the generic elements to be purchased with appropriate selection being left to the, installer. Similarly, when removing sections  300 A and  300 C to form the molding  11 , section  300 A can be used as a leveling block as described herein. 
     By allowing an end user to purchase the various pieces as an assembled generic element  300  instead of separate components, the retailers and/or distributors may accordingly reduce their inventory requirements. For example, typically over one-hundred different design patterns for the outwardly facing surface  34  of the molding  11  (as well as for the leveling block  40  and stair nose attachment  210 ) are produced. By allowing for the inventory to include only the generic elements of the invention, the total number of components retained can be reduced from three per design to one per design. Similarly the installer only need purchase the generic elements  300 , rather than three individual, components. This results in savings both to the retailer and installer by reducing the space needed for retailing bays and storage, respectively. 
     The molding  1110  may also be provided with a shoulder  1115 , located preferably on the underside of one of the arms  1114 ,  1112 . This shoulder can be similar to the stabilizing notch shown in  FIGS. 56-61 . The position of the shoulder is typically selected to provide a stop surface to the attachment  1140  to help prevent lateral movement of the attachment  1140  with respect to the molding  1110 . This shoulder  1115  is preferably formed by a beveled cut into the surface, such that when the attachment  40  is seated in shoulder  1115 , movement of the attachment  40  is hindered. The presence of this shoulder  1115  can eliminate any gap or space at the distal or exposed edge of the molding element  1140 ,  1250  as it meets the surface of the subfloor or floor element. 
     The attachment  1140  can also be provided with. one or more spacing gaps  1200  on an undersurface thereof ( FIGS. 86-99 ,  100 ,  102 ,  104 ,  106 ,  108  and  110 ). When used with an appropriately sized spacer  1210 , the molding  1110  and attachment  1140  can be used with a wide variety of flooring thicknesses, from as small as 6 mm or smaller to as large as 15 mm or larger. The spacer  1210  are typically formed from a rigid or flexible plastic material, preferably, a solid thermosetting plastic. However, it is within the scope of the invention to construct the spacers  1210  of a thermoplastic, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or a resilient foam material. Additionally, the spacer  1210  preferably includes at least one extension  1212 , sized and shaped to fit within a spacing gap  1200 . 
     In one embodiment, at least the extension  1212  is formed from a resilient compressible material such as a structural foam, and is slightly larger in width than the width of the spacing gap  1200 . When the extension  1212  is inserted into the spacing gap  1200 , it is necessary to compress the extension  1212 . Because the extension  1212  in this embodiment must be compressed to be inserted into the spacing gap  1200 , the internal forces of the material of the extension  1212  should maintain the spacer  1210  in the correct position. 
     As a substitute for the compressible embodiment or in addition thereto, the spacer  1210  may be joined to the spacing gap  1200  with an adhesive. Typical adhesives include any of the other adhesives discussed elsewhere. However, it is within the scope of the invention to eliminate any means for securing the spacer  1210  in the spacing gap  1200 . 
     In a preferred embodiment, a different reversable molding element  1250  can be used, having an end molding surface  1252  and a hard surface reducer surface  1254  and two spacing gaps  1212   a ,  1212   b  in the lower surface thereof. The presence of one spacing gap associated with each of the molding surfaces allows one spacer  1210  to be used closest to the exposed surface of the reversible molding element  1250 , as shown in  FIGS. 94 ,  96  and  98 . Although these figures show the reversible molding elements  1250  having two spacing gaps  1200  positioned in an underside thereof, it is within the scope of the invention to utilize a single spacing gap  1200  positioned, for example, centrally or not centrally, i.e., off center, in the underside of the reversible molding element  1250 . 
     Typically, the height of the reversible molding element  1250  or  1140  permits the molding  1110  to rest parallel to the higher surface element  1111  when used with an appropriately sized spacer  1210 . In order to provide such appropriately sized spacers  1210  for a variety of different applications, the spacer  1210  may include a second extension  1212 . As shown, for example in  FIG. 98 , the extensions  1212  are preferably located on opposite sides of the spacer  1210 , such that inverting the spacer  1210  allows insertion of the correct extension  1212  into the spacing gap  1200 . It is also considered within the scope of the invention to provide the spacer  1210  with up four or more extensions  1212  of different lengths to permit use in a large number of different installations. 
     It should be understood that the spacer  1210  is not necessary. The shape of the molding element  1140  and/or reversible molding  1250  allows an installation wherein the molding element  1140 ,  1250  rests directly on the subfloor. In certain installations, depending in part o˜the height of the adjacent flooring elements, this can cause the molding  1110  to form an angle with the flooring elements. However, such an angle is not problematic, as clamps  1126  used in accordance with the invention are preferably versatile enough to sufficiently grip the foot  1116  of the molding  1110  despite the presence of such an angle. 
     By utilizing the embodiments shown in  FIGS. 100-111  it is possible to eliminate a gap  1300  between the subfloor and the molding by providing the molding  1140 ,  1250  with an angled cut  1305 . The moldings  1140 ,  1250  depicted in these figures are similar to that which are shown in  FIGS. 112-119  with the same undercut. However, the foot  1116  that fits into the clamp  1126  is longer than the foot  1116  of  FIGS. 112-119 . 
     The embodiment of  FIGS. 112-119  differs from prior designs in a variety of ways. The molding  1110  can be made thicker to provide additional strength, as well as to allow for easier placement of an undercut  1150 . This undercut  1150  is preferably located on the portion of the molding  1110  that rests on a surface of the finished flooring. In some embodiments, the undercut  1150  provides close contact, i.e., no gap, between the surface of the floor and the outer edge of the molding  1110  as the flooring increases in thickness and raises the molding  1110  from a horizontal position to a more angular position, as described above. 
     Additionally, the clamp  1126  and pad  1120  configuration may be replaced by a reconfigured track  1126 ′ as shown, for example, in  FIG. 114 . In this embodiment, the clamp  1126  and pad  1120  are combined into a single structure, which structure is secured to the subfloor and grips the foot  1116  of the molding  1110 . Preferably, the track  1126 ′ has a general H-shape, with two upstanding sections  1128  and a middle horizontal section  1130 . As the pad  1120  may also be used in an inverted orientation to achieve multiple configurations, the track  1126 ′ may also be inverted for-the same purpose. Accordingly, in a preferred embodiment, the middle horizontal section  1130  is not placed exactly at the middle of the heights of the upstanding sections. Thus, when the molding  11 ,  1110  is inserted into the track  1126 ′, the lowest point of the foot  16 ,  1116  can be supported by the middle horizontal section  1130 . The entire structure of the track  1126 ′ can be formed from a resilient, but structural material, just as the clamp  26 ,  1126  may be. 
     The track  1126 ′ may be secured to the subfloor though a variety of methods. In one embodiment, as shown, for example, in  FIG. 116 , one or both of the upstanding sections  1128  may have a base  1132  which can be secured to the subfloor with a screw or nail or adhesive. A fastener may also be positioned through the middle horizontal section  1130  to secure the lowermost portions of the upstanding sections to the subfloor. 
     The invention additionally includes packaging to be used by, for example, wholesalers or retailers. In one embodiment, multiple individual pieces, e.g., a reversible molding  1250 , a molding  11 ,  1110 , a pad  1120  and a damp  1126  may be bundled in a single package or kit. In another embodiment, the package or kit includes two, or three, or even up to twenty or more, of each piece packaged therein. For example, a single package may include three approximately one-meter (or three foot) sections of each item contained therein, for a total length of about three meters (about nine feet). It is additionally within the scope of the invention to include different sets of items in a single package, for example, one set being about one meter (about three feet) long and an additional set being about two meters (about six feet) long. 
     It should be apparent that embodiments other than those specifically described above may come within the spirit and scope of the present invention. Hence, the present invention is not limited by the above description.

Technology Classification (CPC): 4