Patent Abstract:
An alpha particle blocking structure and method of making the structure. The structure includes: a semiconductor substrate; a set of interlevel dielectric layers stacked from a lowermost interlevel dielectric layer closest to the substrate to a uppermost interlevel dielectric layer furthest from the substrate, each interlevel dielectric layer of the set of interlevel dielectric layers including electrically conductive wires, top surfaces of the wires substantially coplanar with top surfaces of corresponding interlevel dielectric layers; an electrically conductive tot final pad contacting a wire pad of the uppermost interlevel dielectric layer; an electrically conductive plating base layer contacting a top surface of the terminal pad; and a copper block on the plating base layer.

Full Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to the field of integrated circuits; more specifically, it relates to alpha particle blocking wire structures and methods of fabricating alpha particle blocking wire structures. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     It is common practice to connect integrated circuit chips to electronic modules or circuit boards through the use of solders containing lead or a mixture of lead and tin. The solder may contain isotopes that emit alpha particles that can cause failures in the integrated circuit chips. Ceramic and plastic substrates to which integrated circuit chips can be bonded, either using lead solders or other means, can also contain isotopes that emit alpha particles. Since the use of lead and lead/tin solders and ceramic substrates (often used together) is so ubiquitous, improved methods and structures that prevent alpha particles generated in the solder from reaching the alpha particle sensitive regions of the integrated circuit chip are welcomed by the industry. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     A first aspect of the present invention is a structure, comprising: a semiconductor substrate; a set of interlevel dielectric layers stacked from a lowermost interlevel dielectric layer closest to the substrate to a uppermost interlevel dielectric layer furthest from the substrate, each interlevel dielectric layer of the set of interlevel dielectric layers including electrically conductive wires, top surfaces of the wires substantially coplanar with top surfaces of corresponding interlevel dielectric layers; an electrically conductive terminal pad contacting a wire pad of the uppermost interlevel dielectric layer; an electrically conductive plating base layer contacting a top surface of the terminal pad; and a copper block on the plating base layer. 
     A second aspect of the present invention is a structure, comprising: a semiconductor substrate; a set of interlevel dielectric layers stacked from a lowermost interlevel dielectric layer closest to the substrate to a uppermost interlevel dielectric layer furthest from the substrate, each interlevel dielectric layer of the set of interlevel dielectric layers including electrically conductive wires, top surfaces of the wires substantially coplanar with top surfaces of corresponding interlevel dielectric layers; a dielectric passivation layer on the uppermost interlevel dielectric layer and the top surfaces of the wires of the uppermost interlevel dielectric layer; an organic sealant layer on a top surface of the passivation layer; an electrically conductive first plating base layer on the top surface of the sealant layer; a dielectric layer on a first region of a top surface of the first plating base layer; a first region of an electrically conductive second plating base layer on a top surface of the dielectric layer and a second region of the second plating base layer on a region of the top surface of the first plating base layer not covered by the dielectric layer, the first and second regions of the second plating base layer not in physical contact; a first copper block on the first region of the second plating base layer; and a second copper block on the second region of the second plating base layer. 
     A third aspect of the present invention is a method, comprising: forming, on a semiconductor substrate, a set of interlevel dielectric layers stacked from a lowermost interlevel dielectric layer closest to the substrate to a uppermost interlevel dielectric layer furthest from the substrate, each interlevel dielectric layer of the set of interlevel dielectric layers including electrically conductive wires, top surfaces of the wires substantially coplanar with top surfaces of corresponding interlevel dielectric layers; forming an electrically conductive terminal pad on a wire pad of the uppermost interlevel dielectric layer; forming an electrically conductive plating base layer contacting a top surface of the terminal pad; and forming a copper block on the plating base layer. 
     A fourth aspect of the present invention is a method, comprising: forming, on a semiconductor substrate, a set of interlevel dielectric layers stacked from a lowermost interlevel dielectric layer closest to the substrate to a uppermost interlevel dielectric layer furthest from the substrate, each interlevel dielectric layer of the set of interlevel dielectric layers including electrically conductive wires, top surfaces of the wires substantially coplanar with top surfaces of corresponding interlevel dielectric layers; forming a dielectric passivation layer on the uppermost interlevel dielectric layer and the top surfaces of the wires of the uppermost interlevel dielectric layer; forming an organic sealant layer on a top surface of the passivation layer; forming an electrically conductive first plating base layer on the top surface of the sealant layer; forming a dielectric layer on a first region of a top surface of the first plating base layer; forming a first region of an electrically conductive second plating base layer on a top surface of the dielectric layer and a second region of the second plating base layer on a region of the top surface of the first plating base layer not covered by the dielectric layer, the first and second regions of the second plating base layer not in physical contact with each other; and forming a first copper block on the first region of the second plating base layer and forming a second copper block on the second region of the second plating base layer. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The features of the invention are set forth in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, will be best understood by reference to the following detailed description of an illustrative embodiment when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a cross-sectional view of an integrated circuit chip up to and including a terminal pad level of an exemplarily integrated circuit upon which the embodiments of the present invention may be practiced; 
         FIGS. 2A through 2F  are cross-sections illustrating fabrication of an interconnect structure according to embodiments of the present invention; 
         FIGS. 3A and 3B  illustrate alternative fabrication steps to those of  FIGS. 2E and 2F  according to embodiments of the present invention; 
         FIGS. 4  A and  4 B is illustrate alternative fabrication steps to those of  FIGS. 2D through 2F  according to embodiments of the present invention; 
         FIG. 5  is a cross-section of an ultra-fat wire fabricated according to the embodiments of the present invention; 
         FIG. 6  is a cross-section of a capacitor fabricated according to the embodiments of the present invention; and 
         FIG. 7  is a top layout view of an integrated circuit chip containing structures according to the embodiments of the present invention; and 
         FIGS. 8A and 8B  illustrate bonding of interconnect structures according to the present invention to higher level of packaging. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     In order for an isotope to cause alpha particle induced soft errors in an integrated circuit chip two conditions must be met. First, the energy of the emitted alpha particles must be high enough to penetrate through intervening materials to the sensitive portions of the integrated circuit chip and low enough to generate sufficient electron hole/pairs in the sensitive portions of the transistors. Second, the alpha particle flux must be high enough so that the probability of sensitive portions of the transistors being hit by the alpha particles is sufficient to cause a detectable rate of fails. 
     The solder used in fabricating integrated circuit interconnections may contain  210 Pb, which can emit a beta particle and decay to  210 Bi.  210 Bi can in turn emit a beta particle and decay to  210 Po.  210 Po in turn can emit a 5.3 MeV alpha particle and decay to  206 Pb. It is this alpha particle from  210 Po that causes fails in the integrated circuit chip providing the alpha particle can reach sensitive portions of the integrated circuit chip. This decay chain reaches secular equilibrium after about 27 months. 
     Ceramic substrates can contain nuclear reaction products of  238 U,  235 U and  232 Th decay chains that produce alpha particles in very short lifetimes. Examples from the  238 U chain include  227 Th,  218 Ra,  214 Po and  210  Po. Examples from the  235 U chain include  227 Th,  223 Ra,  219 Ra,  215 At and  211 Po. Examples from the  232 Th chain include  224 Ra,  220 Rn,  216 Po and  212 Po. The copper blocks, described infra, will absorb or slow down alpha particles emanating from the ceramic substrate particles. 
     Soft-errors in integrated circuits are caused by ionizing radiation (e.g. alpha particles) passing through the semiconductor materials (e.g., silicon) of the integrated circuit. Both logic and memory circuits may be affected. The errors are called “soft” because they generally only persist until the next cycle of the integrated circuit function. As an alpha particle passes through semiconductor material (e.g., silicon) a “cloud” of electron-hole pairs is generated in the vicinity of its path. Electric fields present in the integrated circuit can cause the holes and electrons to migrate in opposite directions thus causing extra charge to reach particular circuit nodes and upset the function of the integrated circuit. 
       FIG. 1  is a cross-sectional view of an integrated circuit chip up to and including a terminal pad level of an exemplarily integrated circuit upon which the embodiments of the present invention may be practiced. In  FIG. 1 , a silicon on insulator (SOI) substrate  100  includes an upper single-crystal silicon layer separated from a lower silicon layer  110  by a buried oxide (BOX) layer  115 . Formed in silicon layer  105  is dielectric isolation  120 . Dielectric isolation  120  extends from a top surface  122  of silicon layer  105  to a top surface of BOX layer  115 . Formed in/on silicon layer  105  are field effect transistors  125 . Field effect transistors (FETs)  125  include source/drains  130  and (e.g., polysilicon) gate electrodes  135 . A gate dielectric layer between gate electrodes  130  and silicon layer  105  is not shown in  FIG. 1 . Alpha particles striking the silicon regions of FETs  125  are exemplary of alpha particle strikes that may cause a soft-error fails. FETs  125  may be re-channel FETs (NFETs) or p-channel FETs (PFETs). SOI substrate  100  may be replaced by a bulk silicon substrate (e.g., no BOX). 
     Formed on top of silicon layer  105 /dielectric isolation  120  is a dielectric layer  140 . Dielectric layer  140  includes electrically conductive metal stud contacts  145  contacting source/drains  130  and gate electrodes  135  of FETs  125 . In one example, stud contacts  145  comprise tungsten. 
     Formed on top of dielectric layer  140  is a first interlevel dielectric layer (ILD)  150 . Formed in first ILD  150  are single damascene wires  155  electrically contacting corresponding stud contacts  145 . A single damascene process is one in which wire trenches or via openings are formed in a dielectric layer, an electrical conductor of sufficient thickness to fill the trenches or via openings is deposited on a top surface of the dielectric, and a chemical-mechanical-polish (CMP) process is performed to remove excess conductor material and make the surface of the conductor substantially co-planar with the surface of the dielectric layer to form damascene wires (or damascene vias). 
     Formed on top of first ILD layer  150  is a second ILD layer  160 . Formed in second ILD layer  160  are dual-damascene wires  165  electrically contacting corresponding wires  155 . A dual-damascene process is one in which both trench and via openings are filled simultaneously in one step with the electrically conductive material. 
     Formed on top of second ILD layer  160  is a third ILD layer  170 . Formed in third ILD layer  170  are dual-damascene wires  175  electrically contacting corresponding wires  165 . Formed on top of third ILD layer  170  is a fourth ILD layer  180 . Formed in fourth ILD layer  180  are dual-damascene wires  185  electrically contacting corresponding wires  175 . Formed on top of fourth ILD layer  180  is a fifth ILD layer  190 . Formed in fifth ILD layer  190  are dual-damascene wires  195  electrically contacting corresponding wires  185 . Formed on top of fifth ILD layer  190  is a sixth ILD layer  200 . Formed in sixth ILD layer  200  are dual-damascene wires  205  electrically contacting corresponding wires  195 . Formed on top of sixth ILD layer  200  is a seventh ILD layer  210 . Formed in seventh ILD layer  210  are dual-damascene wires  215  electrically contacting corresponding wires  205 . Formed on top of seventh ILD layer  210  is an eighth ILD layer  220 . Formed in eighth ILD layer  220  are dual-damascene wires  225  electrically contacting corresponding wires  215 . Formed on top of eight ILD layer  220  is a ninth ILD layer  230 . Formed in ninth ILD layer  230  are dual-damascene wires  235  electrically contacting corresponding wires  225 . Formed on top of ninth ILD layer  230  is a tenth ILD layer  240 . Formed in tenth ILD layer  240  (having a top surface  242 ) are a dual-damascene wire  244  and a dual-damascene wire pad  245  electrically contacting corresponding wires  235 . While ten ILD layers hare illustrated in  FIG. 1 , there may be as few as one or two ILD layers or greater than ten ILD layers. 
     Dielectric layer  140  and ILD layers  150 ,  160 ,  170 ,  180 ,  190 ,  200 ,  210 ,  220 ,  230  and  240  may independently comprise one or more layers of materials selected from the group consisting of hydrogen silsesquioxane polymer (HSQ), methyl silsesquioxane polymer (MSQ), SILK™ (polyphenylene oligomer) manufactured by Dow Chemical, Midland, Tex., Black Diamond™ (methyl doped silica or SiO x (CH 3 ) y  or SiC x O y H y  or SiOCH) manufactured by Applied Materials, Santa Clara, Calif., organosilicate glass (SiCOH), and porous SiCOH, other low K (dielectric constant) dielectric material, silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ), silicon carbide (SiC), silicon oxy nitride (SiON), silicon oxy carbide (SiOC), organosilicate glass (SiCOH), plasma-enhanced silicon nitride (PSiN x ), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) oxide, fluoridated TEOS (FTEOS) oxide and NBLoK (SiC(N,H)). A low K dielectric material has a relative permittivity of about 2.4 or less. 
     In, one example, wires  155 ,  165 ,  175 ,  185 ,  195 ,  205 ,  215 ,  225 ,  235  and  245  independently comprise copper. In, one example, wires  155 ,  165 ,  175 ,  185 ,  195 ,  205 ,  215 ,  225 ,  235  and  245  independently comprise a copper core conductor surrounded on the sides and bottom with an electrically conductive liner. In one example, the electrically conductive liner comprises a layer of Tantalum (Ta) on the copper and a layer of tantalum nitride (TaN) on the Ta layer. 
     Formed on top of ILD layer  240 , wire  244  and overlapping all edges of wire pad  245  is a passivation layer  250 . In the example of  FIG. 1 , passivation layer  250  comprises a first layer  255  in contact with top surface  242  of ILD layer  240 , a second layer  260  on top of first layer  255  and a third layer  265  on top of second layer  260 . In one example, first layer  255  comprises N-BloK, second layer  260  comprises SiO 2  and third layer  265  comprises Si 3 N 4 . In one example first layer  255  is between about 50 and about 200 nm thick, second layer  260  is between about 200 nm and about 900 nm thick, and third layer  265  is between about 100 and 400 nm thick. 
     A terminal pad  270  is formed on wire pad  245 . Terminal pad  270  overlaps all edges of passivation layer  250  that extend over wire pad  245  (i.e., all the edges of passivation layer  250  are “sandwiched” between wire pad  245  and terminal pad  270 ). Terminal pad  270  is in direct physical and electrical contact with wire pad  245 . In one example, terminal pad  270  comprises in sequence, a layer of TaN, a layer of Ti on top of the layer of TaN, a layer of TiN on top of the layer of Ti and a layer of AlCu on top of the layer of TiN. In one example, terminal pad  270  is between about 600 nm and about 2400 nm thick. 
     A sealant layer  275  is formed over passivation layer  250 . Sealant layer  275  extends over all edges of terminal pad  270  (i.e., all the edges of terminal pad  270  are “sandwiched” between passivation layer  250  and sealant layer  275 ) and the terminal pad is exposed in a terminal via  280  formed in sealant layer  275 . In one example, sealant layer  275  is polyimide or photosensitive polyimide. In one example sealant layer  275  is between about 1500 nm and about 3000 nm thick. 
     In one example, the structure above top surface  242  of ILD layer  240  may be formed by (1) Deposition of passivation layer  250 , (2) etching an opening in passivation layer  250  over wire pad  245 , (3) depositing one or more electrically conductive layers and photolithographically defining (apply a photoresist layer, exposure the photoresist layer to actinic radiation, and then develop the exposed photoresist layer to remove portions of the exposed photoresist layer) and then etching the conductive layer to form terminal pad  270 , (4) applying photo-sensitive polyimide to form sealant layer  275 , and (5) photolithography defining and developing via  280  in the sealant layer. 
     In conventional processing, a relatively thin plating base is formed over terminal pad  270  and a Pb or Pb/Sn solder ball (or column) is formed on the plating base. As discussed supra, alpha particles striking the silicon portions of FETs  125  can cause soft errors. Thus, the only protection from energetic alpha particles generated in the solder ball would be the materials in dielectric layer  140  and ILD layers  150 ,  160 ,  170 ,  180 ,  190 ,  200 ,  210 ,  220 ,  230  and  240  of  FIG. 1  (particularly the metal wires and contacts) having a combined thickness D 1 . In one example D 1  is about 11 microns or less. Assuming about an average 50% by volume wiring density for dielectric layer  140  and ILD layers  150 ,  160 ,  170 ,  180 ,  190 ,  200 ,  210 ,  220 ,  230  and  240  and the wire/dielectric materials described supra, then D 1  would need to be about 12 microns to stop 5.3 MeV alpha particles or about 22 microns to stop 8.8 MeV alpha particles generated in the solder ball from penetrating into silicon layer  105 . Thus additional blocking material is required and is provided in the various embodiments of the present invention described infra. 
       FIGS. 2A through 2F  are cross-sections illustrating fabrication of an interconnect structure according to embodiments of the present invention. In  FIG. 2A , a plating base layer  285  is formed on the top surfaces of sealant layer  275  and terminal pad  270 . In one example, plating base layer  285  comprises three layers; a layer of TiW, a layer of CuCr over the TiW layer and a layer of Cu over the CuCr layer. In one example plating base layer  285  is between 400 nm and about 1,000 nm thick. 
     In  FIG. 2B , a opening  290  has been photolithographically formed in a photoresist layer  295  that has been applied on plating base layer  285 . Opening  290  is formed over terminal pad  270 . In  FIG. 2C , a copper block  300  is formed by electroplating copper onto plating base layer  285  exposed in opening  290 . In  FIG. 2D , photoresist layer  295  (see  FIG. 2C ) is removed and portions of plating base layer  285  not protected by copper block  300  are etched away. Copper block  300  has a thickness D 2  and a width W. In one example, W is about 50 microns to about 200 microns and D 2  is about 10 microns to about 80 microns. Integrated circuit chips having copper blocks  300  may be used in copper-to-copper bonding to a integrated circuit chip module. Adding the D 2  thickness to the D 1  thickness of  FIG. 1 , a total thickness of about 21 microns to about 91 microns results, which is more than sufficient to prevent 5.3 MeV and/or 8.8 MeV alpha particles from penetrating to silicon layer  105  (see  FIG. 1 ). In one example, D 2  is great enough to stop 5.3 MeV and/or 8.8 MeV alpha particles from penetrating to silicon layer  105  (see  FIG. 1 ). In one example, D 1 +D 2  is great enough to stop 5.3 MeV and/or 8.8 MeV alpha particles from penetrating to silicon layer  105  (see  FIG. 1 ). 
     In  FIG. 2E , optional dielectric sidewall spacers  305  are formed on the sides  307  of copper block  300  to form a copper interconnect  310 . In one example, sidewall spacers comprise SiO 2  and are formed by depositing a conformal coating of SiO 2 , followed by a reactive ion etch (RIE). Integrated circuit chips having interconnects  310  may be used in copper-to-copper bonding to an integrated circuit chip module or in solder bonding to an integrated circuit chip module where the solder is first attached to integrated circuit chip module. Note spacers  305  contact sealant layer  275 . In  FIG. 2F , a Pb-free, Pb or Pb/Sn solder layer  315  is electroless plated on a top surface  317  of copper block  300  to formed a copper/solder interconnect  310 A. Integrated circuit chips having interconnects  310 A may be used in solder bonding to integrated circuit chip modules. 
       FIGS. 3A and 3B  illustrate alternative fabrication steps to those of  FIGS. 2E and 2F  according to embodiments of the present invention. In  FIG. 3A , after removing photoresist layer  295  (see  FIG. 2D ), a oxidation of all exposed surfaces of copper block  300  (see  FIG. 2D ) has been performed and then the copper oxide from the top surface of the copper block (along with unprotected regions of plating base later  285 ) is removed (e.g., using an RIE) leaving copper oxide sidewall spacers  320  on sides  307 A of a smaller copper block  300 A to form a copper interconnect  325 . Note spacers  320  do not contact sealant layer  275 , but sit on top of plating base layer  285 . In  FIG. 3B , solder layer  315  is electroless plated on a top surface  317 A of copper block  300 A to formed a copper/solder interconnect  325 A. 
       FIGS. 4  A and  4 B is illustrate alternative fabrication steps to those of  FIGS. 2D through 2F  according to embodiments of the present invention. In  FIG. 4A , after copper block  300  is plated in (as illustrated in  FIG. 2C ) a Pb or Pb/Sn solder layer  315 A is electroplated on top of copper block  300  to fatal an interconnect  310 B. In  FIG. 4B , photoresist layer  295  (see  FIG. 4A ) is removed. Additionally, optional dielectric sidewall spacers may be formed on the sides of interconnect  310 B. 
       FIG. 5  is a cross-section of an ultra-fat wire fabricated according to the embodiments of the present invention. In  FIG. 5 , the methods described supra, in reference to forming copper blocks  300 , may be used to form an ultra-fat wire  330  connecting two wires  244  (see  FIG. 1  as well). Thus an additional wiring level has been provided in addition to the wires provided by ILD layers  150  through  240  (see  FIG. 1 ). 
       FIG. 6  is a cross-section of a capacitor fabricated according to the embodiments of the present invention. In  FIG. 6 , the methods described supra (with some modifications described infra), in reference to forming copper blocks  300 , may be used to form a capacitor  335 . Capacitor  335  includes a first plate contact  340 , an upper plate contact  345  and a capacitor dielectric layer  350 . plating base layer  285  serves as the lower plate of capacitor  335  and an additional plating base layer  355  serves as the upper plate of capacitor  335 . Lower plate contact  340  includes a copper block  300 B on a portion of additional plating base layer  355  that electrically contacts a portion of plating base layer  285  that serves as the lower plate of capacitor  335 . Upper plate contact includes copper block  300 C that electrically contacts a portion of plating base layer  355  that serves as the upper plate of capacitor  335 . Note, an interconnect  310 C includes a copper block  300 D formed on a portion of additional plating base layer  355  which in turn is formed on plating base layer  285 . In one example, dielectric layer  350  comprises SiO 2  or Si 3 N 4 . In one example gate dielectric layer  350  is a high K material, examples of which include but are not limited metal oxides such as Ta 2 O 5 , BaTiO 3 , HfO 2 , ZrO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , or metal silicates such as HfSi x O y  or HfSi x O y N z  or combinations of layers thereof. A high K dielectric material has a relative permittivity above about 10. In one example, dielectric layer  350  is about 0.5 nm to 20 nm thick. An additional high K dielectric is a photosensitive polyimide, which has particles of high K materials that are physically dispersed in the polymer. 
     The methods described supra, in reference to forming copper blocks  300 , used to form a capacitor  335  are modified to include forming dielectric layer  350  and additional plating base layer  355  and the process sequence would include, in the order listed, (1) forming plating base layer  285 , (2) forming dielectric layer  350 , (3) photolithographically defining the extent of dielectric layer  350  and then etching dielectric layer  350 , and (4) forming additional plating base layer  355 . 
       FIG. 7  is a top layout view of an integrated circuit chip containing structures according to the embodiments of the present invention.  FIG. 7 , illustrates interconnects  310 , ultra-fat wire  330  and capacitor  335 . In  FIG. 7 , interconnects  310  are spaced apart a distance S 1  in a first direction and a distance S 2  in a second direction, orthogonal to the first direction. In one example S 1 =S 2 . In one example, S 1 =S 2 =W. While all structures are laid out on the interconnect grid center-to-center spacing of (S 1 +W)/2, (S 2 +W)/2, other layouts are possible. Interconnects  310  may be replaced by copper interconnects  310 A of  FIG. 2F ,  310 B of  FIG. 4B ,  310 C of  FIG. 6 ,  325  of  FIG. 3A ,  325 A of  FIG. 3B , or copper block  300  of  FIG. 2D . 
       FIGS. 8A and 8B  illustrate bonding of interconnect structures according to the present invention to higher level of packaging. In  FIG. 8A , an integrated circuit chip module  365  includes a substrate  370  (which may be a ceramic substrate and which may be an alpha particle emitter) and a copper module pad  375 . A copper block  300  (of an interconnect  310 , see  FIG. 2E ) is copper-to-copper bonded to module pad  375 . An optional epoxy filler  380  is shown injected between integrated circuit chip module  365  and an integrated circuit chip  385 . Interconnect  310  may be replaced by interconnect  325  of  FIG. 3A  or copper block  300  of  FIG. 2D . 
     In  FIG. 8B , a copper block  300  (of an interconnect  310 A, see  FIG. 2F ) is solder bonded to module pad  375 . Optional epoxy filler  380  is shown injected between integrated circuit chip module  365  and an integrated circuit chip  385 . Interconnect  310 A may be replaced by interconnect  325 A of  FIG. 3B  or  310 B of  FIG. 4B . 
     Thus, the embodiments of the present invention provide improved methods and structures that prevent alpha particles generated in solder used to interconnect integrated circuit chips to a next higher packaging structure (e.g. integrated circuit chip module or circuit board) from reaching the alpha particle sensitive regions of integrated circuit chips. 
     Thus, in a first example, the embodiments of the present invention provide a structure wherein the copper block has a thickness (i) sufficient to lower the probability of 5.3 MeV or 8.8 MeV alpha particle penetration into a specified interlevel dielectric layer of the set of dielectric layers to a specified probability or (ii) sufficient to fully absorb all 5.3 MeV or 8.8 MeV alpha particles striking a top surface of the copper block to prevent penetration of the alpha particles into silicon regions of the semiconductor substrate. 
     In a second example, the embodiments of the present invention provide a structure wherein the copper block has a thickness that when added to a combined thickness of the set of interlevel dielectric layers is (i) sufficient to lower the probability of penetration below a specified interlevel dielectric layer of the set of dielectric layers to a specified probability of alpha particles of 5.3 MeV or 8.8 MeV striking a top surface of the copper block or (ii) sufficient to fully absorb all alpha particles of 5.3 MeV or 8.8 MeV striking a top surface of the copper block to prevent penetration of the alpha particles into silicon regions of the semiconductor substrate. 
     The description of the embodiments of the present invention is given above for the understanding of the present invention. It will be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various modifications, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, it is intended that the following claims cover all such modifications and changes as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.

Technology Classification (CPC): 7