Patent Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing the rotor winding of an electric machine comprising at least four exciter poles in the stator and a commutator rotor with a number of pole teeth which deviates from the number of exciter poles as well as a number of individual tooth coils and commutator segments that is at least twice as large as the number of pole teeth. In order to obtain low torque ripple and a long service life by optimally commutating the coils, a first coil is wound from an initial segment at a selectable offset angle to the initial segment on a first pole tooth, the winding wire is then fixed to another commutator segment at a predefined segment interstice length, whereupon a coil is successively wound from each segment onto the pole tooth having the lowest angular error relative the offset angle in relation to the pole separation of the stator, and the winding wire is then contacted on another segment at the same segment interstice length.

Full Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a 35 USC 371 application of PCT/EP 2005/055718 filed on Nov. 3, 2005. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The invention relates to a method for producing the rotor winding of an electric machine and to an electric machine having a rotor winding produced by this method. 
     2. Description of the Prior Art 
     From German Patent DE 197 57 279 C1, it is known, in a four-pole electric motor, to use a commutator rotor with 12 commutator laminations and 12 coils connected to them, in order to attain low torque waviness and good commutation. The laminations that are diametrically opposed to one another are connected to one another via contact bridges, in order to make the current supply to the rotor symmetrical and to assure it with only one pair of brushes. In such machines, the rotor current is not distributed to two coil lanes, but instead, because of the contact bridges, to four coil lanes, with the disadvantage that per coil lane, only half as many coils are connected in series. Thus the commutator voltage at the coils is increased accordingly. This causes greater wear of the carbon brushes on the commutator and thus a correspondingly limited service life or durability of the motor. The coils of the rotor are furthermore wound over three pole teeth each, so that their winding heads intersect at the face ends of the rotor. This causes greater cantilevering of the winding heads and leads to long winding head connections of the coils, which are expensive in terms of material and also cause high heat losses. 
     From U.S. Pat. No. 4,532,449, a four-pole electric machine with a commutator rotor is also known, in which the number of rotor coils is only half as great as the number of commutator laminations. In it, five coils are supplied from one brush pair via 10 laminations. The coils are continuously wound as single-tooth windings, with a skip each time of one pole tooth from one coil to the next. The beginning and end of the coils are each contacted with laminations between which one lamination remains unoccupied. For supplying current to the coils via contact bridges, these unoccupied laminations are connected to the laminations diametrically opposite them, and these diametrically opposite laminations are connected to the coils. This embodiment has the disadvantage that because of an increased lamination voltage, with five coils instead of twelve, an increased brush fire occurs, which impairs the service life of the commutator and hence also the durability of the machine. 
     With the present embodiment, the object is, in electric machines with single-tooth coils and high numbers of poles, to improve the commutation and thus the service life of the machine. 
     SUMMARY AND ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION 
     The method for producing the rotor winding of an electric machine of the invention has the advantage that the single-tooth coils, wound onto the pole teeth in a uniformly distributed manner, with a view to the pole pitch of the stator, occupy a position with the least possible electrical angle error. As a result, the commutation losses as well as radially acting force excitations at the rotor can be minimized, and hence the machine durability can be increased. Furthermore, by the use of single-tooth coils, cantilevered, long winding head connections are avoided. Because of the equal, even number of coils and commutator laminations, the coils are distributed uniformly over only two branches. 
     Simple and economical production of the rotor winding is obtained by providing that a plurality of single-tooth coils, preferably all of them, are continuously wound in succession, and that the beginning and end of the single-tooth coils, as a kind of wave winding, are contacted in one and the same winding direction with the lamination increment width at the respective commutator laminations, and the end lamination of the previous coil in each case forms the beginning lamination for the next single-tooth coil to be wound. Advantageously, the lamination increment width Y of the single-tooth coils S is predetermined, as a function of the number of laminations N and the number of pole pairs p of the stator  11 , such that the equation |Y−N/p|≦0.5 is satisfied. Furthermore, in a simple way, the end of the first single-tooth coil is contacted with the lamination that was ascertained beforehand in accordance with the equation Le 1 =(La 1 +Y) mod N, and this lamination forms the lamination La 2  for the beginning of the next single-tooth coil to be wound; and that after that, each further coil is contacted, at the lamination increment width, with the laminations of the commutator. 
     In order to find the optimal position for the single-tooth coils, in each case with a view to the pole pitch of the stator, it is proposed in a refinement of the invention that for each next coil to be wound, first for each of the pole teeth at the rotor the electrical angle error, referred to a pole pitch, is ascertained with respect to the predetermined angular offset; that then the absolute values of the ascertained angle errors are compared with one another; and that by means of this comparison, the pole tooth having the least electrical angle error is ascertained, and the next coil is wound onto that pole tooth. To that end, in a refinement of the invention, it is proposed that for each pole tooth, the electrical angle error Wf is ascertained, preferably as a cosine value of the angle error, repeating periodically to the number of pole pairs, in each case in accordance with the following equation:
 
 Wf ( j )=cos 2π* p/z *( j−Lai/M ),
 
in which the multiplier M=s/z is the number of coils per pole tooth, s is the total number of coils, z is the number of pole teeth, and j is the particular pole tooth. For ascertaining the least angle error relative to the predetermined angular offset, is simpler, when electronic computers are used, if each of the cosine values of the electrical angle error are ascertained and compared with one another; the next single-tooth coil is then wound onto the pole tooth having the greatest absolute cosine value as an angle error. Moreover, at the same time the winding direction of the coils can be determined by the sign of the angle error cosine value. Since because there are so many pole teeth, angle errors of equal magnitude can be ascertained for a plurality of pole teeth, it is proposed, to attain short connections between the laminations and the coils, that the single-tooth coils each be wound onto the pole tooth which is located in the region between the beginning lamination and the end lamination of the coils. To attain a uniform distribution of the single-tooth coils on all the pole teeth, it is furthermore provided that each single-tooth coil is wound onto the next pole tooth that does not yet have the predetermined number of coils. In order to avoid relatively long connections between the laminations and the coils on the commutator side of the rotor  13 , it is proposed that the winding wire be passed between the beginning lamination and end lamination and a coil between two more closely located pole teeth to the back side of the armature, and from there, in particular between two further pole teeth, back to the front side and then to the coil or to the lamination.
 
     To attain the method steps listed, it is provided that the beginning and end laminations and the pole tooth and the winding direction of the coils are ascertained by a computer in the form of a winding table; that the winding table is then input into an automatic winder and processed by it in winding the coils. 
     In an expedient application of the invention, it is proposed that for a six-pole electric machine, 20 single-tooth coils are continuously wound onto its rotor by an automatic winder onto 10 pole teeth; and that the single-tooth coils, at a lamination increment width of 7 laminations, are contacted with 20 laminations of a commutator. 
     For a four-pole electric machine, 15 single-tooth coils are continuously wound onto its rotor by an automatic winder onto 5 pole teeth; and that the single-tooth coils, at a lamination increment width of 8 laminations, are contacted with 15 laminations of a commutator. 
     For an eight-pole electric machine, 27 single-tooth coils are continuously wound onto its rotor by an automatic winder onto 9 pole teeth; and that the single-tooth coils, at a lamination increment width of 7 laminations, are contacted with 27 laminations of a commutator. 
     For a ten-pole electric machine, 24 single-tooth coils are continuously wound onto its rotor by an automatic winder onto 12 pole teeth; and that the single-tooth coils, at a lamination increment width of 5 laminations, are contacted with 24 laminations of a commutator. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The invention is described below in examples in conjunction with the drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic illustration of the electric machine of the invention in a front or end view; 
         FIG. 2  is a developed view of the machine of  FIG. 1 , shown schematically, with a first single-tooth coil; 
         FIG. 3 , in a first exemplary embodiment, shows the winding table, produced in accordance with the method of the invention; 
         FIGS. 4   a ,  4   b ,  4   c , and  4   d  schematically show the production of the rotor winding in accordance with the winding table of  FIG. 3  in four segments a)-d); 
         FIG. 5  shows the winding table for a second exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 6  shows the schematic view of the machine with the production of the first four coils in accordance with the winding table of  FIG. 5 ; 
         FIG. 7  shows the winding table for a third exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 8  shows the electric machine schematically, with the first four coils produced in accordance with the winding table of  FIG. 7 ; 
         FIG. 9  shows the winding table for a fourth exemplary embodiment; and 
         FIG. 10  shows the electric machine schematically, with the first four coils, produced in accordance with the winding table of  FIG. 9 . 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     In  FIG. 1 , for a first exemplary embodiment, a permanent-magnetically excited six-pole direct current motor, as an electric machine, is schematically shown in front view and marked  10 . Such machines are preferentially used for control drives, blowers, and the like in motor vehicles and must function reliably under heavy loads, if at all possible over the entire service life of the vehicle. Accordingly, their construction must be as robust as possible. The electric machine has a six-pole stator  11 , which cooperates across a working air gap  12  with a commutator rotor  13 , hereinafter called the rotor. The rotor  13  comprises a lamination packet  14 , which is secured to a rotor shaft  15  that is supported on both ends. Ten pole teeth Z distributed uniformly are disposed on the circumference of the lamination packet  14 , and between each of them, slots are embodied for receiving a total of twenty coils S of a rotor winding  18 . The coils S are produced as single-tooth coils in pairs, each about one pole tooth Z, by means of automatic winders. The coils S are wired in a special way to a commutator  16 , seated on the rotor shaft  15  on the front face end of the lamination packet  14 . The commutator  16  has twenty laminations L, distributed uniformly over the circumference, which cooperate with two stationary carbon brushes B 1  and B 2 . The carbon brushes are offset from one another by 180° and for the operation of the electric machine are supplied with direct current. The ten pole teeth Z of the rotor  13  cooperate with three pairs p of exciter poles of the stator  11 . To attain the least possible torque waviness of the electric machine, the number of pole teeth differs from the number of exciter poles. 
       FIG. 2  schematically shows a developed view of the direct current motor  10  of  FIG. 1 , with which the winding method for producing and disposing the coils S on the pole teeth Z of the rotor  13  will be described in further detail below. In this drawing, the six-pole stator  11 , the ten pole teeth Z 1  through Z 10 , the first single-tooth coil S 1 , and the twenty laminations L 1  through L 20  of the commutator  16  can all be seen. The disposition of the first coil can be selected freely and is associated here with the first pole tooth Z 1 . The first pole tooth Z 1  with the first coil Si is moreover associated here with the center of a north pole of the stator  11 . This association is likewise freely selectable. Moreover, the also freely selectable association of the commutator laminations L with the pole teeth Z is selected here such that the first pole tooth Z 1  is located precisely at the level of the lamination slot between the laminations L 5  and L 6  of the commutator  16 . This position should now, as shown in  FIG. 2 , have the angular location on the circumference of φ=0°. As a result, the adjacent south pole of the stator  11  is located at the position of 60°; the adjacent pole tooth Z 2  is located at the position of 36°; and the next lamination slot is located at the position of 18°. It is furthermore defined that all the coils are contacted at their beginning to a respective beginning lamination La and at their end to an end lamination Le. In  FIG. 2 , the lamination L 2  for the first coil S 1  forms the freely selectable beginning lamination La 1 . As a result of the disposition selected here of the position of the lamination L 2 , there is consequently an angular offset φ 0  of 63° between the beginning lamination La 1  of coil S 1  and the pole tooth Z 1  provided for that coil. In  FIG. 2 , the optimal location of the coil S 1  is centrally beneath one pole (the north pole) of the stator  11 . This position has an angle error of Wf=0°. 
     To enable winding the single-tooth coil S continuously onto the pole teeth Z in the manner of a wave winding, a lamination increment width Y for all the coils S is defined that assures that the end of each coil is contacted with an unoccupied lamination L. In  FIG. 2 , lamination increment width Y of seven laminations is provided; that is, Y=7. To set up a winding table in accordance with  FIG. 3  by the method of the invention, the following definitions will first be made: 
     p=number of pole pairs 
     z=number of teeth 
     N=number of laminations 
     s=number of coils 
     M=multiplier=N/z=s/z 
     Y=lamination increment 
     Wf=angle error (deviation from the optimal location of the coils S) 
     Wz=number of windings of the coils S 
     i=the respective coil  1 ,  2 ,  3  . . . , s 
     j=the respective pole tooth  1 ,  2 ,  3  . . . , z 
     To set up a winding scheme, the following further conditions must also be met: 
     p&gt;1 
     p&lt;z&lt;4p 
     z≠2p, and z≠3p 
     M&gt;1 
     M≠integral multiple of p 
     M≠integral divisor of p 
     N=s=M*z 
     |Y−N/p|≦0.5 
     All the coils are contacted with a respective beginning lamination La and end lamination Le. By the free definition of the first beginning lamination La 1 , the beginning and end laminations for the all coils i result in accordance with the equation:
 
 Lai =( La 1+[( i− 1)* Y ]) mod  N  (mod=modular)
 
and  Lei =( Lai+Y ) mod  N   (1)
 
The modular range of values for the laminations N is between 1 and 20, in this example that has 20 laminations.
 
     For each further coil S of the stator  11 , in a first pass for each pole tooth Z, the angle error Wf is then ascertained for optimal location with respect to torque formation and brush fire minimization, specifically beginning at the first coil S 1  having the angle error of 0°. For the coil  2  shown in dashed lines in  FIG. 2 , the optimal location with the angular offset φ 0  of 63° relative to the beginning lamination L 9 , would be a position between the pole teeth Z 4  and Z 5 , as indicated there by dotted lines. Further optimal positions are each offset from one another by one pole pitch (360°/2p), or in other words by 60° from one another. The pole teeth available for the coil  2 , however, have a deviation, here called an angle error, from the optimal pole positions referred to the pitch pole of the machine. For each coil, the pole tooth having the least deviation from one of the optimal locations must therefore be found. To simplify the calculation, the cosine value of the periodic electrical angle error, referred to one pole pair, of each further coil is therefore ascertained for each pole tooth, in accordance with the equation:
 
 Wf ( j )=cos [2π* p/z *( j−Lai/M )]  (2)
 
     In a further pass, the ascertained angle errors Wf of the coil i at the teeth j are then compared with one another, in order to ascertain the pole tooth Z or pole teeth Z that have the greatest cosine value of the angle errors Wf. This is done by the following equation:
 
| Wf ( j )|= Wf max; Wf max=max(| Wf (1)|,| Wf (2)|,| Wf (3)|, . . . )  (3)
 
in which Wfmax is the greatest previously ascertained comparison value for the coil i.
 
     The sign of the angle errors Wf obtained by equation (2) indicates whether the optimal location of the coil relates to a north pole or a south pole of the stator. It is defined that—beginning at the first coil S 1 —if the cosine value is positive, the coils S are wound in the same direction, clockwise. The result for each coil i with a view to the pole tooth Z ascertained for it is that at a negative cosine value of the angle error Wf(j), the winding direction of the coil is changed; that is, the coil must be wound counterclockwise onto the selected tooth Z, counter to the winding direction of the first coil. 
     For the direct current motor  10  of  FIG. 1 , with the aid of equations (1), (2) and (3), a winding table shown in  FIG. 3  will now be set up, in which the first coil S 1  is disposed on the pole tooth Z 1  as in  FIG. 2 . Since the calculation of the angle errors is done by means of a computer, equations (2) and (3) are also employed for the first coil. 
     For the first exemplary embodiment, the following numbers apply: 
                                             Number of pole pairs   p = 3           Number of pole teeth   z = 10           Number of laminations   N = 20           Number of coils   s = 20           Multiplier   M = 2           Lamination increment width   Y = 7           Number of windings   Wz = 11                    
With these values, the conditions listed above are met. With the two equations (1), the beginning lamination Lai and end lamination Lei are now defined for each coil Li.
 
     Coil Contacting at the Commutator: 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 Lai = (La1 + [(i − 1) * Y]) mod 20; Lei = (Lai + Y) mod 20 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Coil 1: La1 =  
                 Le1 = (2 + 7) mod 20 = 9 
               
               
                   
                 (2 + (1 − 1)*7) mod 20 = 2; 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Coil 2: La2 =  
                 Le2 = (9 + 7) mod 20 = 16 
               
               
                   
                 (2 + (2 − 1)*7) mod 20 = 9; 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Coil 3: La3 =  
                 Le3 = (16 + 7) mod 20 = 3 
               
               
                   
                 (2 + (3 − 1)*7) mod 20 = 16; 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Coil 4: La4 =  
                 Le4 = (3 + 7) mod 20 = 10 
               
               
                   
                 (2 + (4 − 1)*7) mod 20 = 3; 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Coil 5: La5 =  
                 Le5 = (10 + 7) mod 20 = 17 
               
               
                   
                 (2 + (5 − 1)*7) mod 20 = 10; 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Coil 6: La6 =  
                 Le6 = (17 + 7) mod 20 = 4 
               
               
                   
                 (2 + (6 − 1)*7) mod 20 = 17; 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Coil 7: La7 =  
                 Le7 = (4 + 7) mod 20 = 11 
               
               
                   
                 (2 + (7 − 1)*7) mod 20 = 4; 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Coil 8: La8 =  
                 Le8 = (11 + 7) mod 20 = 18 
               
               
                   
                 (2 + (8 − 1)*7) mod 20 = 11; 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Coil 9: La9 =  
                 Le9 = (18 + 7) mod 20 = 5 
               
               
                   
                 (2 + (9 − 1)*7) mod 20 = 18; 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Coil 10: La10 = 
                 Le10 = (5 + 7) mod 20 = 12 
               
               
                   
                 (2 + (10 − 1)*7) mod 20 = 5; 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Coil 11: La11 = 
                 Le11 = (12 + 7) mod 20 = 19 
               
               
                   
                 (2 + (11 − 1)*7) mod 20 = 12; 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Coil 12: La12 = 
                 Le12 = (19 + 7) mod 20 = 6 
               
               
                   
                 (2 + (12 − 1)*7) mod 20 = 19; 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Coil 13: La13 =  
                 Le13 = (6 + 7) mod 20 = 13 
               
               
                   
                 (2 + (13 − 1)*7) mod 20 = 6; 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Coil 14: La14 = 
                 Le14 = (13 + 7) mod 20 = 20 
               
               
                   
                 (2 + (14 − 1)*7) mod 20 = 13; 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Coil 15: La15 = 
                 Le15 = (20 + 7) mod 20 = 7 
               
               
                   
                 (2 + (15 − 1)*7) mod 20 = 20; 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Coil 16: La16 = 
                 Le16 = (7 + 7) mod 20 = 14 
               
               
                   
                 (2 + (16 − 1)*7) mod 20 = 7; 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Coil 17: La17 = 
                 Le17 = (14 + 7) mod 20 = 1 
               
               
                   
                 (2 + (17 − 1)*7) mod 20 = 14; 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Coil 18: La18 = 
                 Le18 = (1 + 7) mod 20 = 8 
               
               
                   
                 (2 + (18 − 1)*7) mod 20 = 1; 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Coil 19: La19 =  
                 Le19 = (8 + 7) mod 20 = 15 
               
               
                   
                 (2 + (19 − 1)*7) mod 20 = 8; 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Coil 20: La20 = 
                 Le20 = (15 + 7) mod 20 = 2 
               
               
                   
                 (2 + (20 − 1)*7) mod 20 = 15; 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Ascertaining Angle Error: 
     For every coil S, for all the pole teeth Z, the respective angle error Wf is ascertained in accordance with equation (2). 
     Angle Error of Coil  1 :
 
 Wf ( j )=cos [2π× p/z ×( j−Lai/M )]
 
Tooth  1 : Wf(1)=cos [2π* 3/10*(1−2/2)]=1.0
 
Tooth  2 : Wf(2)=cos [2π* 3/10*(2−2/2)]=−0.309
 
Tooth  3 : Wf(3)=cos [2π* 3/10*(3−2/2)]=−0.809
 
Tooth  4 : Wf(4)=cos [2π* 3/10*(4−2/2)]=−0.809
 
Tooth  5 : Wf(5)=cos [2π* 3/10*(5−2/2)]=−0.309
 
Tooth  6 : Wf(6)=cos [2π* 3/10*(6−2/2)]=−1.0
 
Tooth  7 : Wf(7)=cos [2π* 3/10*(7−2/2)]=−0.309
 
Tooth  8 : Wf(8)=cos [2π* 3/10*(8−2/2)]=−0.809
 
Tooth  9 : Wf(9)=cos [2π* 3/10*(9−2/2)]=−0.809
 
Tooth  10 : Wf(10)=cos [2π* 3/10*(10−2/2)]=−0.309
 
     In the next pass, for coil  1 , the pole tooth that has the least angle error Wf, or the greatest angle error cosine value Wfmax, is ascertained, using equation (3):
 
 Wf max=max(|( Wf (1)|,|( Wf (2)|,|( Wf (3)|, . . . )=1.0
 
     Comparison of Angle Error 
     |Wf(1)|=Wfmax: 1.0=1.0: Condition met 
     |Wf(2)|=Wfmax: 0.309≠1.0: Condition not met 
     |Wf(3)|=Wfmax: 0.809≠1.0: Condition not met 
     |Wf(4)|=Wfmax: 0.309≠1.0: Condition not met 
     |Wf(5)|=Wfmax: 0.809≠1.0: Condition not met 
     |Wf(6)|=Wfmax: 1.0=1.0: Condition met 
     |Wf(7)|=Wfmax: 0.309≠1.0: Condition not met 
     |Wf(8)|=Wfmax: 0.809≠1.0: Condition not met 
     |Wf(9)|=Wfmax: 0.809≠1.0: Condition not met 
     |Wf(10)|=Wfmax: 0.309≠1.0: Condition not met 
     Since here a plurality of pole teeth (Z 1  and Z 6 ) have the same least absolute angle error, from these pole teeth the pole tooth Z that is located in the region between the beginning lamination La and the end lamination Le of the coil S is selected. It is also checked whether, for the selected tooth Z, the predetermined number of coils S has already been selected, according to the multiplier M. 
     Outcome of the Comparison: 
     The coil  1  can be wound onto tooth  1 . The ascertained value is positive, and hence the coil  1  is wound clockwise. This defines the first line of the winding table in  FIG. 3 . 
     The same calculations are now made in accordance with equation (2) for coil  2 , with the beginning lamination La 2 =9. 
     Angle Error of Coil  2 :
 
 Wf ( j )=cos [2π* p/z *( j−Lai/M )]
 
Tooth  1 : Wf(1)=cos [2π* 3/10*(1−9/2)]=0.951
 
Tooth  2 : Wf(2)=cos [2π* 3/10*(2−9/2)]=0.000
 
Tooth  3 : Wf(3)=cos [2π* 3/10*(3−9/2)]=−0.951
 
Tooth  4 : Wf(4)=cos [2π* 3/10*(4−9/2)]=0.588
 
Tooth  5 : Wf(5)=cos [2π* 3/10*(5−9/2)]=0.588
 
Tooth  6 : Wf(6)=cos [2π* 3/10*(6−9/2)]=−0.951
 
Tooth  7 : Wf(7)=cos [2π* 3/10*(7−9/2)]=0.000
 
Tooth  8 : Wf(8)=cos [2π* 3/10*(8−9/2)]=0.951
 
Tooth  9 : Wf(9)=cos [2π* 3/10*(9−9/2)]=−0.588
 
Tooth  10 : Wf(10)=cos [2π* 3/10*(10−9/2)]=−0.588
 
     In the next pass, for coil  2 , the pole tooth that has the least angle error Wf, or the greatest angle error cosine value Wfmax, is ascertained, using equation (3):
 
 Wf max=max(|( Wf (1)|,|( Wf (2)|,|( Wf (3)|, . . . )=0.951
 
     Comparison of Angle Error 
     |Wf(1)|=Wfmax: 0.951=0.951: Condition met 
     |Wf(2)|=Wfmax: 0.000≠0.951: Condition not met 
     |Wf(3)|=Wfmax: 0.951=0.951: Condition met 
     |Wf(4)|=Wfmax: 0.588≠0.951: Condition not met 
     |Wf(5)|=Wfmax: 0.588≠0.951: Condition not met 
     |Wf(6)|=Wfmax: 0.951=0.951: Condition met 
     |Wf(7)|=Wfmax: 0.000≠0.951: Condition not met 
     |Wf(8)|=Wfmax: 0.951=0.951: Condition met 
     |Wf(9)|=Wfmax: 0.588≠0.951: Condition not met 
     |Wf(10)|=Wfmax: 0.588≠0.951: Condition not met 
     Since here a plurality of pole teeth have the same least absolute angle error, from these pole teeth the pole tooth Z that is located in the region between the beginning lamination La and the end lamination Le of the coil S is selected. It is also checked whether, for the selected tooth Z, the predetermined number of coils S has already been selected, according to the multiplier M. 
     Outcome of the Comparison: 
     The coil  2  can be wound onto tooth  3 . The ascertained value is negative, and hence the coil  2  is wound counterclockwise. Thus the first line of the winding table in  FIG. 3  is also defined. 
     The same calculations are now made in accordance with equations (2) and (3) for the remaining coils  3 - 20 , and thus the winding table in  FIG. 3  is set up line by line. Now in order to be able to wind the rotor  13  of the direct current motor  10  by the method of the invention, the winding table of  FIG. 3  is first input into an automatic winder. 
     The automatic winder, not shown, executes the winding table of  FIG. 3  line by line, with the coils S 1  through S 20  being wound continuously in succession and each contacted with the laminations L, associated with them, of the commutator  16 . In  FIG. 43  the production of the coils in accordance with the winding table in  FIG. 3  is shown in four segments a) through d) and is described below. 
     The winding wire  17  is first, in accordance with segment a), contacted by its beginning  17   a  to the lamination L 2 . From there, it is passed to the pole tooth Z 1 , and the coil S 1  is wound—as indicated by an arrow—clockwise around the pole tooth Z 1 . The coil end is contacted with the lamination L 9 . From there, the coil S 2  is now wound counterclockwise onto the pole tooth Z 3 , and the coil end is placed at lamination L 16 . From there, the coil S 3  is wound clockwise onto the pole tooth Z 8 , and the coil end is placed at lamination L 3 . From there, the coil S 4  is wound counterclockwise onto the pole tooth Z 10 , and the coil end is contacted with the lamination L 10 . From there, the coil S 5  is wound clockwise onto the pole tooth Z 5 , and the coil end is contacted with the lamination L 17 . From the lamination L 17 , the coil wire is transferred, as indicated by the arrow, to the segment b) in  FIG. 3 . 
     There, from lamination L 17 , the coil S 6  is wound counterclockwise onto the pole tooth Z 7 , and the coil end is contacted with the lamination L 4 . From there, the coil S 7  is wound clockwise onto the pole tooth Z 2 , and the coil end is contacted with the lamination L 11 . From lamination L 11 , the coil S 8  is now wound clockwise onto the pole tooth Z 4 , and the coil end is contacted with the lamination L 18 . From there, the coil S 9  is wound clockwise onto the pole tooth Z 9 , and the coil end is contacted with the lamination L 5 . From lamination L 5 , the coil S 10  is now wound clockwise onto the pole tooth Z 1 , and the coil end is contacted with the lamination L 12 . From lamination L 12 , the winding wire is now transferred as indicated by the arrow to the segment c) in  FIG. 4 . 
     There, the coil S 11 , beginning at lamination L 12 , is wound clockwise around the pole tooth Z 6 , and the coil end is placed at lamination  19 . From there, the coil S 12  is wound counterclockwise onto the pole tooth Z 8 , and the coil end is placed at lamination L 6 . From there, the coil S 13  is wound clockwise onto the pole tooth  73 , and the coil end is contacted with lamination L 13 . From L 13 , the coil S 14  is now wound counterclockwise onto the pole tooth Z 5 , and the coil end is contacted with the lamination L 20 . From there, the coil S 15  is wound clockwise onto the pole tooth Z 10 , and the end is contacted with the lamination L 7 . From there, the winding wire is transferred as indicated by the arrow to segment d) of  FIG. 4 . 
     From lamination L 7  the coil S 16  is now wound counterclockwise onto the pole tooth Z 2 , and the coil end is contacted with the lamination L 14 . From there, the coil S 17  is wound clockwise onto the pole tooth Z 73  and the coil end is contacted with the lamination L 1 . The coil S 18  is wound from there counterclockwise onto the pole tooth Z 9 , and the coil end is contacted with the lamination L 8 . From lamination L 8 , the coil S 19  is wound clockwise onto the pole tooth Z 4 , and its coil end is placed on the lamination L 15 . Finally, the coil S 20  is also wound counterclockwise onto the pole tooth Z 6 , and the coil end is again place on the lamination L 2 . The end  17   b  of the winding wire  17  is capped here. Thus all  20  coils are continuously wound, uniformly distributed, in succession onto all the pole teeth Z. From the winding table of  FIG. 3 , as well as from  FIG. 1 , it can be seen that two coils S are wound onto each of the ten pole teeth Z. 
     In a second exemplary embodiment, by the method described above, a winding table shown in  FIG. 5  for a four-pole direct current motor will now be set up, in which the number of teeth z, number of coils s, and number of laminations N will be modified. 
     For the second exemplary embodiment, the following numbers apply: 
                                             Number of pole pairs   p = 2           Number of pole teeth   z = 5           Number of laminations   N = 15           Number of coils   s = 15           Multiplier   M = 3           Lamination increment width   Y = 8           Number of windings   Wz = 11                    
With these values, the conditions listed above are met. With the two equations (1), the beginning lamination Lai and end lamination Lei are now defined for each coil Li.
 
     Coil Contacting at the Commutator: 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 Lai = (La1 + [(i − 1)*Y]) mod 15; Lei = (Lai + Y) mod 15 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Coil 1: La1 = (3 + (1 − 1)*8) mod 15 = 3; 
                 Le1 = (3 + 8) mod 20 = 11 
               
               
                 Coil 2: La2 = (3 + (2 − 1)*8) mod 15 = 11: 
                 Le2 = (11 + 8) mod 20 = 4 
               
               
                 Coil 3: La3 = (3 + (3 − 1)*8) mod 15 = 4; 
                 Le3 = (4 + 8) mod 20 = 12 
               
               
                 Coil 4: La4 = (3 + (4 − 1)*8) mod 15 = 12; 
                 Le4 = (12 + 8) mod 20 = 5 
               
               
                 Coil 5: La5 = (3 + (5 − 1)*8) mod 15 = 5; 
                 Le5 = (5 + 8) mod 20 = 13 
               
               
                 Coil 6: La6 = (3 + (6 − 1)*8) mod 15 = 13; 
                 Le6 = (13 + 8) mod 20 = 6 
               
               
                 Coil 7: La7 = (3 + (7 − 1)*8) mod 15 = 6; 
                 Le7 = (6 + 8) mod 20 = 14 
               
               
                 Coil 8: La8 = (3 + (8 − 1)*8) mod 15 = 14; 
                 Le8 = (14 + 8) mod 20 = 7 
               
               
                 Coil 9: La9 = (3 + (9 − 1)*8) mod 15 = 7; 
                 Le9 = (7 + 8) mod 20 = 15 
               
               
                 Coil 10: La10 =  
                 Le10 = (15 + 8) mod 20 = 8 
               
               
                 (3 + (10 − 1)*8) mod 15 = 15; 
                   
               
               
                 Coil 11: La11 =  
                 Le11 = (8 + 8) mod 20 = 1 
               
               
                 (3 + (11 − 1)*8) mod 15 = 8; 
                   
               
               
                 Coil 12: La12 =  
                 Le12 = (15 + 8) mod 20 = 9 
               
               
                 (3 + (12 − 1)*8) mod 15 = 1; 
                   
               
               
                 Coil 13: La13 =  
                 Le13 = (9 + 8) mod 20 = 2 
               
               
                 (3 + (13 − 1)*8) mod 15 = 9; 
                   
               
               
                 Coil 14: La14 =  
                 Le14 = (15 + 8) mod 20 = 10 
               
               
                 (3 + (14 − 1)*8) mod 15 = 2; 
                   
               
               
                 Coil 15: La15 =  
                 Le15 = (10 + 7) mod 20 = 3 
               
               
                 (3 + (15 − 1)*8) mod 15 = 10; 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Ascertaining Angle Error: 
     For every coil S, for all the pole teeth Z, the respective angle error Wf is ascertained in accordance with equation (2). 
     Angle Error of Coil  1 :
 
 Wf ( j )=cos [2π* p/z *( j−Lai/M )]
 
Tooth  1 : Wf(1)=cos [2π*⅖*(1−3/3)]=1.000
 
Tooth  2 : Wf(2)=cos [2π*⅖*(2−3/3)]=−0.809
 
Tooth  3 : Wf(3)=cos [2π*⅖*(3−3/3)]=0.309
 
Tooth  4 : Wf(4)=cos [2π*⅖*(4−3/3)]=0.309
 
Tooth  5 : Wf(5)=cos [2π*⅖*(5−3/3)]=−0.809
 
     In the next pass, for coil  1 , the pole tooth that has the least angle error Wf, or the greatest angle error cosine value Wfmax, is ascertained, using equation (3):
 
 Wf max=max(| Wf (1)|,|( Wf (2)|,|( Wf (3)|, . . . )=1.000
 
     Comparison of Angle Error 
     |Wf(1)|=Wfmax: 1=1: Condition met 
     |Wf(2)|=Wfmax: 0.809≠1: Condition not met 
     |Wf(3)|=Wfmax: 0.309≠1: Condition not met 
     |Wf(4)|=Wfmax: 0.309≠1: Condition not met 
     |Wf(5)|=Wfmax: 0.809≠1: Condition not met 
     Outcome of the Comparison: 
     The coil  1  can be wound onto tooth Z 1 . The ascertained value is positive, and hence the coil  1  is wound clockwise. Thus the first line of the winding table in  FIG. 5  is defined. 
     Angle Error of Coil  2 :
 
 Wf ( j )=cos [2π* p/z *( j−Lai/M )]
 
Tooth  1 : Wf(1)=cos [2π*⅖*(1−11/3)]=0.914
 
Tooth  2 : Wf(2)=cos [2π*⅖*(2−11/3)]=−0.500
 
Tooth  3 : Wf(3)=cos [2π*⅖*(3−11/3)]=−0.105
 
Tooth  4 : Wf(4)=cos [2π*⅖*(4−11/3)]=0.669
 
Tooth  5 : Wf(5)=cos [2π*⅖*(5−11/3)]=−0.978
 
     In the next pass, for coil  2 , the pole tooth that has the least angle error Wf, or the greatest angle error cosine value Wfmax, is ascertained, using equation (3):
 
 Wf max=max(|( Wf (1)|,|( Wf (2)|,|( Wf (3)|, . . . )=0.978
 
     Comparison of Angle Error 
     |Wf(1)|=Wfmax: 0.914≠0.978: Condition not met 
     |Wf(2)|=Wfmax: 0.500≠0.978: Condition not met 
     |Wf(3)|=Wfmax: 0.105≠0.978: Condition not met 
     |Wf(4)|=Wfmax: 0.669≠0.978: Condition not met 
     |Wf(5)|=Wfmax: 0.978=0.978: Condition met 
     Outcome of the Comparison: 
     The coil S 2  can be wound onto tooth Z 3 . The ascertained value is negative, and hence the coil  2  is wound counterclockwise. Thus defines the second line of the winding table in  FIG. 5  is defined. 
     The same calculations are now made in accordance with equations (2) and (3) for the remaining coils  3 - 15 , and thus the winding table in  FIG. 5  is set up line by line. 
     In  FIG. 6 , the production of the coils is shown and described in a first segment for coils  1  through  4 . 
     Here the winding wire  17  is first, with its beginning  17   a , contacted to lamination L 3 . From there, it is passed to the pole tooth Z 1 , and the coil S 1  is wound clockwise onto the pole tooth Z 1 . The coil end is contacted with the lamination L 11 . From there, the coil S 2  is now wound counterclockwise onto the pole tooth Z 5 , and the coil end is placed on lamination L 4 . From there, the coil S 8  is again wound counterclockwise onto the pole tooth Z 5 , and the coil end is placed on lamination L 12 . From there, the coil S 4  is wound clockwise onto the pole tooth Z 4 , and the coil end is contacted with the lamination L 5 . From lamination L 5 , the winding wire  17  is transferred as indicated by the arrow to the beginning of coil  6 , and the winding table is executed by the automatic winder in the same way as in  FIG. 4  of the first exemplary embodiment, until all the coils on the rotor of the machine have been continuously wound. 
     In a third exemplary embodiment, by the method described above, a winding table shown in  FIG. 7  for an eight-pole direct current motor will now be set up, in which the number of teeth z, number of coils s, and number of laminations l have been modified. 
     For the third exemplary embodiment, the following numbers apply: 
                                             Number of pole pairs   p = 4           Number of pole teeth   z = 9           Number of laminations   N = 27           Number of coils   s = 27           Multiplier   M = 3           Lamination increment width   Y = 7           Number of windings   Wz = 15                    
With these values, the conditions listed above are met. With the two equations (1), the beginning lamination Lai and end lamination Lei are now defined for each coil Li.
 
     Coil Contacting at the Commutator: 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 Lai = (La1 + [(i − 1)*Y]) mod 27; Lei = (Lai + Y) mod 27 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Coil 1: La1 = (3 + (1 − 1)*7) mod 27 = 3; 
                 Le1 = (3 + 7) mod 27 = 10 
               
               
                 Coil 2: La2 = (3 + (2 − 1)*7) mod 27 = 10; 
                 Le2 = (10 + 7) mod 27 = 17 
               
               
                 Coil 3: La3 = (3 + (3 − 1)*7) mod 27 = 17; 
                 Le3 = (17 + 7) mod 27 = 24 
               
               
                 Coil 4: La4 = (3 + (4 − 1)*7) mod 27 = 24; 
                 Le4 = (24 + 7) mod 27 = 4 
               
               
                 Coil 5: La5 = (3 + (5 − 1)*7) mod 27 = 4; 
                 Le5 = (4 + 7) mod 27 = 11 
               
               
                 Coil 6: La6 = (3 + (6 − 1)*7) mod 27 = 11; 
                 Le6 = (11 + 7) mod 27 = 18 
               
               
                 Coil 7: La7 = (3 + (7 − 1)*7) mod 27 = 18; 
                 Le7 = (18 + 7) mod 27 = 25 
               
               
                 Coil 8: La8 = (3 + (8 − 1)*7) mod 27 = 25; 
                 Le8 = (25 + 7) mod 27 = 5 
               
               
                 Coil 9: La9 = (3 + (9 − 1)*7) mod 27 = 5; 
                 Le9 = (5 + 7) mod 27 = 12 
               
               
                 Coil 10: La10 =  
                 Le10 = (12 + 7) mod 27 = 19 
               
               
                 (3 + (10 − 1)*7) mod 27 = 12; 
                   
               
               
                 Coil 11: La11 =  
                 Le11 = (19 + 7) mod 27 = 26 
               
               
                 (3 + (11 − 1)*7) mod 27 = 19; 
                   
               
               
                 Coil 12: La12 =  
                 Le12 = (26 + 7) mod 27 = 6 
               
               
                 (3 + (12 − 1)*7) mod 27 = 26; 
                   
               
               
                 Coil 13: La13 =  
                 Le13 = (6 + 7) mod 27 = 13 
               
               
                 (3 + (13 − 1)*7) mod 27 = 6; 
                   
               
               
                 Coil 14: La14 =  
                 Le14 = (13 + 7) mod 27 = 20 
               
               
                 (3 + (14 − 1)*7) mod 27 = 13; 
                   
               
               
                 Coil 15: La15 =  
                 Le15 = (20 + 7) mod 27 = 27 
               
               
                 (3 + (15 − 1)*7) mod 27 = 20; 
                   
               
               
                 Coil 16: La16 =  
                 Le16 = (27 + 7) mod 27 = 7 
               
               
                 (3 + (16 − 1)*7) mod 27 = 27: 
                   
               
               
                 Coil 17: La17 =  
                 Le17 = (7 + 7) mod 27 = 14 
               
               
                 (3 + (17 − 1)*7) mod 27 = 7; 
                   
               
               
                 Coil 18: La18 =  
                 Le18 = (14 + 7) mod 27 = 21 
               
               
                 (3 + (18 − 1)*7) mod 27 = 14; 
                   
               
               
                 Coil 19: La19 =  
                 Le19 = (21 + 7) mod 27 = 1 
               
               
                 (3 + (19 − 1)*7) mod 27 = 21; 
                   
               
               
                 Coil 20: La20 =  
                 Le20 = (1 + 7) mod 27 = 8 
               
               
                 (3 + (20 − 1)*7) mod 27 = 1; 
                   
               
               
                 Coil 21: La21 =  
                 Le21 = (8 + 7) mod 27 = 15 
               
               
                 (3 + (21 − 1)*7) mod 27 = 8; 
                   
               
               
                 Coil 22: La22 =  
                 Le22 = (15 + 7) mod 27 = 22 
               
               
                 (3 + (22 − 1)*7) mod 27 = 15; 
                   
               
               
                 Coil 23: La23 =  
                 Le23 = (22 + 7) mod 27 = 2 
               
               
                 (3 + (23 − 1)*7) mod 27 = 22; 
                   
               
               
                 Coil 24: La24 =  
                 Le24 = (2 + 7) mod 27 = 9 
               
               
                 (3 + (24 − 1)*7) mod 27 = 2; 
                   
               
               
                 Coil 25: La25 =  
                 Le25 = (9 + 7) mod 27 = 16 
               
               
                 (3 + (25 − 1)*7) mod 27 = 9; 
                   
               
               
                 Coil 26: La26 =  
                 Le26 = (16 + 7) mod 27 = 23 
               
               
                 (3 + (26 − 1)*7) mod 27 = 16; 
                   
               
               
                 Coil 27: La27 =  
                 Le27 = (23 + 7) mod 27 = 3 
               
               
                 (3 + (27 − 1)*7) mod 27 = 23; 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Ascertaining Angle Error: 
     For every coil S, for all the pole teeth Z, the respective angle error Wf is ascertained in accordance with equation (2). 
     Angle Error of Coil  1 :
 
 Wf ( j )=cos [2π* p/z *( j−Lai/M )]
 
Tooth  1 : Wf(1)=cos [2π* 4/9*(1−3/3)]=1.000
 
Tooth  2 : Wf(2)=cos [2π* 4/9*(2−3/3)]=−0.940
 
Tooth  3 : Wf(3)=cos [2π* 4/9*(3−3/3)]=−0.766
 
Tooth  4 : Wf(4)=cos [2π* 4/9*(4−3/3)]=−0.500
 
Tooth  5 : Wf(5)=cos [2π* 4/9*(5−3/3)]=0.174
 
Tooth  6 : Wf(6)=cos [2π* 4/9*(6−3/3)]=0.174
 
Tooth  7 : Wf(7)=cos [2π* 4/9*(7−3/3)]=−0.500
 
Tooth  8 : Wf(8)=cos [2π* 4/9*(8−3/3)]=0.766
 
Tooth  9 : Wf(9)=cos [2π* 4/9*(9−3/3)]=0.940
 
     In the next pass, for coil  1 , the pole tooth that has the least angle error Wf, or the greatest angle error cosine value Wfmax, is ascertained, using equation (3):
 
 Wf max=max(|( Wf (1)|,|( Wf (2)|,|( Wf (3)|, . . . )=1.0
 
     Comparison of Angle Error 
     |Wf(1)|=Wfmax: 1=1: Condition met 
     |Wf(2)|=Wfmax: 0.94≠1: Condition not met 
     |Wf(3)|=Wfmax: 0.766≠1: Condition not met 
     |Wf(4)|=Wfmax: 0.5≠1: (Condition not met 
     |Wf(5)|=Wfmax: 0.174≠1: Condition not met 
     |Wf(6)|=Wfmax: 0.174≠1: Condition not met 
     |Wf(7)|=Wfmax: 0.5≠1: Condition not met 
     |Wf(8)=Wfmax: 0.766≠1: Condition not met 
     |Wf(9)|=Wfmax: 0.94≠1: Condition not met 
     Outcome of the Comparison: 
     The coil S 1  can be wound onto tooth Z 1 . The ascertained value is positive, and hence the coil  1  is wound clockwise. Thus the first line of the winding table in  FIG. 7  is defined. 
     Angle Error of Coil  2 :
 
 Wf ( j )=cos [2π* p/z *( j−Lai/M )]
 
Tooth  1 : Wf(1)=cos [2π* 4/9*(1−10/3)]=0.973
 
Tooth  2 : Wf(2)=cos [2π* 4/9*(2−10/3)]=−0.835
 
Tooth  3 : Wf(3)=cos [2π* 4/9*(3−10/3)]=0.597
 
Tooth  4 : Wf(4)=cos [2π* 4/9*(4−10/3)]=−0.287
 
Tooth  5 : Wf(5)=cos [2π* 4/9*(5−10/3)]=−0.058
 
Tooth  6 : Wf(6)=cos [2π* 4/9*(6−10/3)]=0.396
 
Tooth  7 : Wf(7)=cos [2π* 4/9*(7−10/3)]=−0.686
 
Tooth  8 : Wf(8)=cos [2π* 4/9*(8−10/3)]=0.894
 
Tooth  9 : Wf(9)=cos [2π* 4/9*(9−10/3)]=−0.993
 
     In the next pass, for coil  2 , the pole tooth that has the least angle error Wf, or the greatest angle error cosine value Wfmax, is ascertained, using equation (3):
 
 Wf max=max(|( Wf (1)|,|( Wf (2)|,|( Wf (3)|, . . . )=0.993
 
     Comparison of Angle Error 
     |Wf(1)|=Wfmax: 0.973≠0.993: Condition not met 
     |Wf(2)|=Wfmax: 0.835≠0.993: Condition not met 
     |Wf(3)|=Wfmax: 0.597≠0.993: Condition not met 
     |Wf(4)|=Wfmax: 0.287≠0.993: Condition not met 
     |Wf(5)|=Wfmax: 0.058≠0.993: Condition not met 
     |Wf(6)|=Wfmax: 0.396≠0.993: Condition not met 
     |Wf(7)|=Wfmax: 0.686≠0.993: Condition not met 
     |Wf(8)|=Wfmax: 0.894≠0.993: Condition not met 
     |Wf(9)|=Wfmax: 0.993=0.993: Condition met 
     Outcome of the Comparison: 
     The coil S 2  can be wound onto tooth Z 9 . The ascertained value is negative, and hence the coil  2  is wound counterclockwise. Thus the second line of the winding table in  FIG. 7  is defined. 
     The same calculations are now made in accordance with equations (2) and (3) for the remaining coils  3 - 27 , and thus the winding table in  FIG. 7  is set up line by line. 
     In  FIG. 8 , the production of the coils is shown and described in a first segment for coils  1  through  4 . 
     Here the winding wire  17  is first, with its beginning  17   a , contacted to lamination L 3 . From there, it is passed to the pole tooth  71 , and the coil S 1  is wound clockwise onto the pole tooth Z 1 . The coil end is contacted with the lamination L 10 . From there, the coil S 2  is now wound counterclockwise onto the pole tooth Z 9 , and the coil end is placed on lamination L 17 . From there, the coil S 3  is again wound counterclockwise onto the pole tooth Z 9 , and the coil end is placed on lamination L 24 . From there, the coil S 4  is wound clockwise onto the pole tooth Z 8 , and the coil end is contacted with the lamination L 4 . From lamination L 4 , the coil wire is transferred as indicated by the arrow to the beginning of coil  5 , and the winding table is executed by the automatic winder in the same way as in  FIG. 4  of the first exemplary embodiment, until all the coils on the rotor of the machine have been continuously wound. 
     To avoid long connections between the laminations and the coils on the commutator side of the rotor  13 , it may be useful to pass the winding wire  17  between the beginning or end lamination La, Le and a coil S between two more closely located pole teeth Z to the back side of the armature, and from there, particularly between two further pole teeth Z, back to the front side and then to pass it to the coil S or the lamination L, as shown in dashed lines in  FIG. 8  for the coil S 3 . 
     In a fourth exemplary embodiment, by the method described above, a winding table shown in  FIG. 9  for a ten-pole direct current motor will now be set up, in which the number of teeth z, number of coils s, and number of laminations l have been modified. 
     For the first exemplary embodiment, the following numbers apply: 
                                             Number of pole pairs   p = 5           Number of pole teeth   z =12           Number of laminations   N = 24           Number of coils   s = 24           Multiplier   M = 2           Lamination increment width   Y = 5           Number of windings   Wz = 18                    
With these values, the conditions listed above are met. With the two equations (1), the beginning lamination Lai and end lamination Lei are now defined for each coil Li.
 
     Coil Contacting at the Commutator: 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 Lai = (La1 + [(i − 1)*Y]) mod 24; Lei = (Lai + Y) mod 24 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Coil 1: La1 = (2 + (1 − 1)*5) mod 24 = 2; 
                 Le1 = (2 + 5) mod 24 = 7 
               
               
                 Coil 2: La2 = (2 + (2 − 1)*5) mod 24 = 7; 
                 Le2 = (9 + 5) mod 24 = 12 
               
               
                 Coil 3: La3 = (2 + (3 − 1)*5) mod 24 = 12; 
                 Le3 = (16 + 5) mod 24 = 17 
               
               
                 Coil 4: La4 = (2 + (4 − 1)*5) mod 24 = 17; 
                 Le4 = (3 + 5) mod 24 = 22 
               
               
                 Coil 5: La5 = (2 + (5 − 1)*5) mod 24 = 22; 
                 Le5 = (10 + 5) mod 24 = 3 
               
               
                 Coil 6: La6 = (2 + (6 − 1)*5) mod 24 = 3; 
                 Le6 = (17 + 5) mod 24 = 8 
               
               
                 Coil 7: La7 = (2 + (7 − 1)*5) mod 24 = 8; 
                 Le7 = (4 + 5) mod 24 = 13 
               
               
                 Coil 8: La8 = (2 + (8 − 1)*5) mod 24 = 13; 
                 Le8 = (11 + 5) mod 24 = 18 
               
               
                 Coil 9: La9 = (2 + (9 − 1)*5) mod 24 = 18; 
                 Le9 = (18 + 5) mod 24 = 23 
               
               
                 Coil 10: La10 =  
                 Le10 = (5 + 5) mod 24 = 4 
               
               
                 (2 + (10 − 1)*5) mod 24 = 23; 
                   
               
               
                 Coil 11: La11 =  
                 Le11 = (12 + 5) mod 24 = 9 
               
               
                 (2 + (11 − 1)*5) mod 24 = 4; 
                   
               
               
                 Coil 12: La12 =  
                 Le12 = (19 + 5) mod 24 = 14 
               
               
                 (2 + (12 − 1)*5) mod 24 = 9; 
                   
               
               
                 Coil 13: La13 =  
                 Le13 = (6 + 5) mod 24 = 19 
               
               
                 (2 + (13 − 1)*5) mod 24 = 14; 
                   
               
               
                 Coil 14: La14 =  
                 Le14 = (13 + 5) mod 24 = 24 
               
               
                 (2 + (14 − 1)*5) mod 24 = 19; 
                   
               
               
                 Coil 15: La15 =  
                 Le15 = (20 + 5) mod 24 = 5 
               
               
                 (2 + (15 − 1)*5) mod 24 = 24; 
                   
               
               
                 Coil 16: La16 =  
                 Le16 = (7 + 5) mod 24 = 10 
               
               
                 (2 + (16 − 1)*5) mod 24 = 5; 
                   
               
               
                 Coil 17: La17 =  
                 Le17 = (14 + 5) mod 24 = 15 
               
               
                 (2 + (17 − 1)*5) mod 24 = 10; 
                   
               
               
                 Coil 18: La18 =  
                 Le18 = (1 + 5) mod 24 = 20 
               
               
                 (2 + (18 − 1)*5) mod 24 = 15; 
                   
               
               
                 Coil 19: La19 =  
                 Le19 = (8 + 5) mod 24 = 1 
               
               
                 (2 + (19 − 1)*5) mod 24 = 20; 
                   
               
               
                 Coil 20: La20 =  
                 Le20 = (15 + 5) mod 24 = 6 
               
               
                 (2 + (20 − 1)*5) mod 24 = 1; 
                   
               
               
                 Coil 21: La21 =  
                 Le21 = (12 + 5) mod 24 = 11 
               
               
                 (2 + (11 − 1)*5) mod 24 = 6; 
                   
               
               
                 Coil 22: La22 =  
                 Le22 = (19 + 5) mod 24 = 16 
               
               
                 (2 + (12 − 1)*5) mod 24 = 11; 
                   
               
               
                 Coil 23: La23 =  
                 Le23 = (6 + 5) mod 24 = 21 
               
               
                 (2 + (13 − 1)*5) mod 24 = 16; 
                   
               
               
                 Coil 24: La24 =  
                 Le24 = (13 + 5) mod 24 = 2 
               
               
                 (2 + (14 − 1)*5) mod 24 = 21; 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Ascertaining Angle Error: 
     For every coil S, for all the pole teeth Z, the respective angle error Wf is ascertained in accordance with equation (2). 
     Angle Error of Coil  1 :
 
 Wf ( j )=cos [2π* p/z *( j−Lai/M )]
 
Tooth  1 : Wf(1)=cos [2π* 5/12*(1−2/2)]=1.000
 
Tooth  2 : Wf(2)=cos [2π* 5/12*(2−2/2)]−0.866
 
Tooth  3 : Wf(3)=cos [2π* 5/12*(3−2/2)]=0.500
 
Tooth  4 : Wf(4)=cos [2π* 5/12*(4−2/2)]=0.000
 
Tooth  5 : Wf(5)=cos [2π* 5/12*(5−2/2)]=−0.500
 
Tooth  6 : Wf(6)=cos [2π* 5/12*(6−2/2)]=0.866
 
Tooth  7 : Wf(7)=cos [2π* 5/12*(7−2/2)]=−1.000
 
Tooth  8 : Wf(8)=cos [2π* 5/12*(8−2/2)]=0.866
 
Tooth  9 : Wf(9)=cos [2π* 5/12*(9−2/2)]=−0.500
 
Tooth  10 : Wf(10)=cos [2π* 5/12*(10−2/2)]=0.000
 
Tooth  11 : Wf(11)=cos [2π* 5/12*(11−2/2)]=0.500
 
Tooth  12 : Wf(12)=cos [2π* 5/12*(12−2/2)]=−0.866
 
     In the next pass, for coil  1 , the pole tooth that has the least angle error Wf, or the greatest angle error cosine value Wfmax, is ascertained, using equation (3):
 
 Wf max=max(|( Wf (1)|,|( Wf (2)|,|( Wf (3)|, . . . )=1.000
 
     Comparison of Angle Error 
     |Wf(1)|=Wfmax: 1=1: Condition met 
     |Wf(2)|=Wfmax: 0.866≠1: Condition not met 
     |Wf(3)|=Wfmax: 0.5≠1: Condition not met 
     |Wf(4)|=Wfmax: 0.000≠1: Condition not met 
     |Wf(5)|=Wfmax: 0.5≠1: Condition not met 
     |Wf(6)|=Wfmax: 0.866≠1: Condition not met 
     |Wf(7)|=Wfmax: 1=1: Condition met 
     |Wf(8)|=Wfmax: 0.866≠1: Condition not met 
     |Wf(9)|=Wfmax: 0.5≠1: Condition not met 
     |Wf(10)|=Wfmax: 0.000≠1: Condition not met 
     |Wf(11)|=Wfmax: 0.5≠1: Condition not met 
     |Wf(12)|=Wfmax: 0.866≠1: Condition not met 
     Outcome of the Comparison: 
     The coil S 1  can be wound onto tooth Z 1 . The ascertained value is positive, and hence the coil  1  is wound clockwise. Thus the first line of the winding table in  FIG. 9  is defined. 
     Angle Error of Coil  2 :
 
 Wf ( j )=cos [2π* p/z *( j−kai/M )]
 
Tooth  1 : Wf(1)=cos [2π* 5/12*(1−7/2)]=0.966
 
Tooth  2 : Wf(2)=cos [2π* 5/12*(2−7/2)]=−0.707
 
Tooth  3 : Wf(3)=cos [2π* 5/12*(3−7/2)]=0.259
 
Tooth  4 : Wf(4)=cos [2π* 5/12*(4−7/2)]=0.259
 
Tooth  5 : Wf(5)=cos [2π* 5/12*(5−7/2)]=−0.707
 
Tooth  6 : Wf(6)=cos [2π* 5/12*(6−7/2)]=0.966
 
Tooth  7 : Wf(7)=cos [2π* 5/12*(7−7/2)]=−0.966
 
Tooth  8 : Wf(8)=cos [2π* 5/12*(8−7/2)]=0.707
 
Tooth  9 : Wf(9)=cos [2π* 5/12*(9−7/2)]=−0.259
 
Tooth  10 : Wf(10)=cos [2π* 5/12*(10−7/2)]=−0.259
 
Tooth  11 : Wf(11)=cos [2π* 5/12*(11−7/2)]=0.707
 
Tooth  12 : Wf(12)=cos [2π* 5/12*(12−7/2)]=−0.966
 
     In the next pass, for coil  2 , the pole tooth that has the least angle error Wf; or the greatest angle error cosine 
     value Wfmax, is ascertained, using equation (3):
 
 Wf max=max(|( Wf (1)|,|( Wf (2)|,|( Wf (3)|, . . . )=0.966
 
     Comparison of Angle Error 
     |Wf(1)|=Wfmax: 0.966=0.966: Condition met 
     |Wf(2)|=Wfmax: 0.707≠0.966. Condition not met 
     |Wf(3)|=Wfmax: 0.259≠0.966: Condition not met 
     |Wf(4)|=Wfmax: 0.259≠0.966: Condition not met 
     |Wf(5)|=Wfmax: 0.707≠0.966: Condition not met 
     |Wf(6)|=Wfmax: 0.966=0.966: Condition met 
     |Wf(7)|=Wfmax: 0.966=0.966: Condition met 
     |Wf(8)|=Wfmax: 0.707≠0.966: Condition not met 
     |Wf(9)|=Wfmax: 0.259≠0.966: Condition not met 
     |Wf(10)|=Wfmax: 0.259≠0.966: Condition not met 
     |Wf(11)|=Wfmax: 0.707≠0.966: Condition not met 
     |Wf(12)|=Wfmax: 0.066=0.966: Condition met 
     Outcome of the Comparison: 
     The coil S 2  can be wound onto tooth Z 6 . The ascertained value is positive, and hence the coil  2  is wound clockwise. Thus the second line of the winding table in  FIG. 9  is defined. 
     The same calculations are now made in accordance with equations (2) and (3) for the remaining coils  3 - 27 , and thus the winding table in  FIG. 7  is set up line by line. 
     In  FIG. 10 , the production of the coils is shown and described in a first segment for coils  1  through  4 . 
     Here the winding wire  17  is first, with its beginning  17   a , contacted to lamination L 2 . From there, it is passed to the pole tooth Z 1 , and the coil S 1  is wound clockwise onto the pole tooth Z 1 . The coil end is contacted with the lamination L 7 . From there, the coil S 2  is now wound clockwise onto the pole tooth Z 6 , and the coil end is placed on lamination L 12 . From there, the coil S 3  is again wound clockwise onto the pole tooth Z 6 , and the coil end is placed on lamination L 17 . From there, the coil S 4  is wound clockwise onto the pole tooth Z 11 , and the coil end is contacted with the lamination L 22 . From lamination L 22 , the coil wire is transferred as indicated by the arrow to the beginning of coil  6  by the automatic winder in the same way as in  FIG. 4  of the first exemplary embodiment, until all the coils on the rotor of the machine have been continuously wound. 
     The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments shown, since many combinations to realize the invention are obtained within the context of the following conditions: 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 P &gt; N &lt; z 
                 for the number of pole pairs; 
               
               
                   
                 z ≠ 2p ≠ 3p 
                 for the number of teeth; 
               
               
                   
                 M = s/z 
                 for the multiplier; and 
               
               
                   
                 |Y−N/p| ≦ 0.5 
                 for the lamination increment width. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     For ascertaining the electrical angle error of the coils with regard to the respective pole teeth, instead of the cosine value in equation (2), the sine value may be used. In the same way, the electrical angle error referred to the pole pitch can be ascertained as an arc amount, if the cosine is omitted from equation (2). An absolute angle error of the coils referred to the entire circumference is obtained by omitted “p” in equation (2), which is likewise possible within the scope of the invention. Then, however, the angle error must be corrected with the number of poles, or in other words with modular 2π/2p. Finally, the angle error can also be ascertained in degrees, if the term “2π” is replaced with “360°” and the result is corrected with modular 360°/2p. In either case, however, to set up the winding table for each coil, the pole tooth having the least angle error must be ascertained. 
     In winding machines with two so-called flyers or needles offset from one another by 180°, half the number of coils can also be continuously wound, in the case where there is an even number s of coils as in  FIGS. 3 and 9 ; in other words, the upper and lower halves of the winding table set up according to the invention are simultaneously executed by one flyer or needle each. 
     The foregoing relates to a preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention, it being understood that other variants and embodiments thereof are possible within the spirit and scope of the invention, the latter being defined by the appended claims.

Technology Classification (CPC): 8