Patent Abstract:
The present invention comprises a method and associated devices for reducing the noise produced by an open cavity within a moving automobile (such as open sunroofs and open windows). The invention proposes placing microjet orifices proximate the open cavity. These inject small but rapidly moving columns of air into the prevailing flow. The projected columns reduce the formation of large coherent structures in the prevailing flow. As these large coherent structures are a critical component of the resonance which is responsible for much of the noise produced across the open cavity, the overall noise level is reduced by the microjets.

Full Description:
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a non-provisional application claiming the benefit (pursuant to 37 C.F.R. §1.53(c) of an earlier-filed provisional application. The patent application was filed on Feb. 22, 2010 and was assigned application Ser. No. 61/338,627. The parent application listed the same inventor. 
    
    
     STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
     None. 
     MICROFICHE APPENDIX 
     Not Applicable 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates to the field of flow and noise control in an incompressible and/or compressible fluid. More specifically, the invention comprises the use of microjets to reduce noise caused by air flowing over an open cavity such as a sunroof opening or an open window in an automobile. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Modern automobiles are designed to provide smooth airflow over their exterior surfaces. Careful design has resulted in a substantial reduction in interior noise—even at highway speeds. Passengers are now accustomed to a relatively quiet environment in which music may be clearly heard and voice communications over cellular telephones are routine. This low ambient noise level is lost, however, when a window or sunroof is opened. 
     The flow phenomena occurring across an open sunroof and an open window are grossly similar. A sunroof therefore makes a good general example.  FIG. 1  shows a sectional elevation view through the roof of a prior art automobile. Roof  20 , along with the rest of the automobile&#39;s passenger compartment, creates interior  14 . Exterior  16  experiences airflow  22  when the car is in motion. Sunroof assembly  10  includes sliding panel  12  and pocket  18  into which the sliding panel retracts when the sunroof is opened. 
       FIG. 2  shows the same assembly with sliding panel  12  retracted into pocket  18 . This creates opening  24 , through which air can flow between exterior  16  and interior  14 . The result is a dramatic increase in aerodynamic noise inside the cabin. This noise is frequently dominated by “tones” which are pressure pulses centered on discrete frequencies. These cyclic pulses are annoying at best and intolerable at worst. The result is that most vehicle occupants now ride with the windows rolled up and the sunroof closed. 
     The discrete frequencies produced are likely created by a flow-induced resonance phenomenon. Air flowing over the automobile&#39;s exterior tends to lift free from the surface at leading edge  26  of opening  24 . The air coming from the leading edge is commonly referred to as a shear layer which separates from the leading edge of the opening and begins to roll up into large-scale rotating structures due to the well-known Kelvin-Helmholtz instability mechanism. When these structures strike the trailing edge of the opening, strong acoustic waves are generated. Under the appropriate conditions, the flow becomes self-excited and significant amplification results. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention comprises a method and associated devices for reducing the noise produced by an open cavity within a moving automobile. Exemplary open cavities include open sunroofs and open windows. The invention proposes placing microjet orifices proximate the open cavity. These inject small but rapidly moving columns of air into the prevailing flow. The projected columns reduce the formation of large coherent structures in the prevailing flow. As these large structures are a critical component of the resonance which is responsible for much of the noise produced across the open cavity, the overall noise level is reduced by the microjets. The microjets can also reduce the overall drag created by an open cavity. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a sectional elevation view, showing a prior art sunroof in the closed position. 
         FIG. 2  is a sectional elevation view, showing a prior art sunroof in the open position. 
         FIG. 3  is a sectional elevation view, showing a microjet and associated valve and pressure supply. 
         FIG. 4  is a perspective view, showing an array of microjets along the leading edge of an opening. 
         FIG. 5  is a perspective view, showing an extending passive flow control device with an incorporated microjet in a stowed position. 
         FIG. 6  is a perspective view, showing an extending passive flow control device with an incorporated microjet in an extended position. 
         FIG. 7  is a sectional elevation view, showing two microjets and associated valves and pressure supply. 
         FIG. 8  is a plan view, showing a mechanical compressor that is driven by a vehicle&#39;s engine. 
     
    
    
     REFERENCE NUMERALS IN THE DRAWINGS 
     
       
         
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 10 
                 sunroof assembly 
               
               
                 12 
                 sliding panel 
               
               
                 14 
                 interior 
               
               
                 16 
                 exterior 
               
               
                 18 
                 pocket 
               
               
                 20 
                 roof 
               
               
                 22 
                 airflow 
               
               
                 24 
                 opening 
               
               
                 26 
                 leading edge 
               
               
                 28 
                 microjet orifice 
               
               
                 29 
                 microjet orifice 
               
               
                 30 
                 valve 
               
               
                 31 
                 valve 
               
               
                 32 
                 pressure source 
               
               
                 34 
                 microjet 
               
               
                 36 
                 extending passive device 
               
               
                 38 
                 car 
               
               
                 40 
                 engine 
               
               
                 42 
                 mechanical compressor 
               
               
                 44 
                 drive belt 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention proposes to locate a plurality of microjet orifices in proximity to a selectively opened cavity in an automobile. Examples of such a selectively opened cavity include windows and sunroofs. The microjets can be placed in any suitable position according to the requirements of the particular application. However, those skilled in the art will know that air flow over the external surfaces of a moving automobile moves in only one principal direction. Thus, the microjets will typically be located just upstream or in the vicinity of the cavity in question. 
       FIG. 2  shows leading edge  26  of a sunroof opening  24 . An array of microjets is preferably placed near this leading edge.  FIG. 3  shows a schematic representation of one microjet in such an array. Roof  20  is experiencing a substantially parallel airflow  22 . Microjet orifice  28  is positioned just upstream of leading edge  26 . In the example shown, the orifice is oriented to project microjet  34  in a direction which is roughly perpendicular to airflow  22  (approximately normal to the surface). The microjet need not be perfectly normal to the surface, and in some applications canting the microjet as much as 30 degrees or more off-normal map be beneficial. 
     Pressure source  32  feeds pressurized air to the microjet. One or more valves  30  can be provided to control the flow. The valve may be a discrete on/off type or throttling type. The pressure source preferably supplies air between about 2 psig and 30 psig, although different ranges maybe desirable dependant upon specific automobile configuration. This is a relatively low pressure that can be accommodated using inexpensive conduits, fittings, and valves. The source of the pressure can be a mechanical compressor driven by a serpentine belt on the vehicle&#39;s engine, an electrical compressor powered by the vehicle&#39;s electrical system, or other known pressure sources.  FIG. 8  shows an embodiment including mechanical compressor  42 . This may be connected to engine  40  and driven by drive belt  44 . It is also possible to provide an electrically-powered compressor that is mounted in a location such as shown in  FIG. 8  but driven by the vehicle&#39;s electrical system. 
     The microjet orifice itself serves as a small expansion nozzle. A typical size is a diameter of 400 micrometers, or about 0.016 inches. The typical range of size is from about 200 micrometers to about 1 mm. The microjet is configured to project a very rapidly moving column of flow into the prevailing airflow. Because of the high momentum of this rapidly moving air the column will persist for a significant distance away from the surface where the microjet orifice is located. This phenomenon creates a “finger” of upward moving air which splits the incoming flow and forces it to flow around the column. The result is a generation of voritcity (rotating flow) and significant disruption in the formation of large scale coherent structures which are a critical component of the resonance that tends to produce the annoying low frequency noise. 
     The microjet orifice itself may have a smoothly contoured shape (such as a DeLaval expansion profile), or it may have a simpler profile including straight side walls. The input stagnation pressure to each microjet or array of microjets is preferably controlled within a reasonable variation. As one example—suited to a particular application—the stagnation pressure could be controlled within a tolerance of about 7 kPa or 1 psi. The microjet is shown in  FIG. 3  as being normal to the surface it vents through, which is an effective configuration. However, in some circumstances, it may be desirable to tilt the microjet. It may also be desirable to provide a variable tilt for the microjet so that the angle of injection can be adjusted for varying circumstances (such as a partially open window as opposed to a fully open one). 
     In most applications it will be preferable to provide two or more microjets arranged in an array proximate the leading edge of the opening.  FIG. 4  shows a perspective view of opening  24  (in this case a sunroof). Airflow  22  approaches leading edge  26  as shown. An array of microjet orifices  28  are placed along the leading edge as shown. The array shown is linear, but this need not always be the case. Multiple rows of orifices can be used. It is also possible to stagger the single line of microjets in a “lazy W” pattern. 
     The microjets are optionally grouped into two or more subsets within the array. Each subset can have its own flow control and regulation so that individual subsets may be throttled or simply switched on and off.  FIG. 7  shows such embodiment. Microjet orifice  28  belongs to a first subset of microjet arrays. It is located relatively close to leading edge  26 . Flow to this first subset is controlled by valve  30 . Microjet orifice  29  belongs to a second subset of microjet arrays. It is located further away from leading edge  26 . Flow to this second subset is controlled by valve  31 . 
     The microjet orifices can be combined with other passive or active flow control techniques to further refine the invention.  FIGS. 5 and 6  show one such combination. In  FIG. 5 , microjet orifice  28  is located in extending passive device  36 . Extending passive device  36  is in a retracted position where its uppermost surface lies substantially flush with roof  20 , so that prevailing airflow  22  flows smoothly over the device. 
     In  FIG. 6 , extending passive device  36  has been thrust upward into airflow  22 . Microjet  34  has also been created by applying pressure to the microjet orifice. The result is a combined effect produced by the protrusion of extending passive device  36  and microjet  34 . Of course, the microjet can also be created when extending passive device  36  is in the position shown in  FIG. 5 . This allows the creation of a staged effect. The microjet orifice can also be combined with fixed flow modifying devices, such as vortex generators. 
     Using the present invention, a dramatic reduction in noise is possible. Typical cavity noise in a moving vehicle peaks in the range of 10-30 Hz. A crude proof-of-concept model using the present invention has demonstrated a reduction greater than 10 decibels in this frequency range. Much more improvement is likely possible by refining the design and configuring it to suit each cavity to which it is applied. 
     Of course, in addition to the noise reduction, the microjets can likely be used to reduce drag over an open cavity. The noise produced in the absence of the microjets represents unsteady flow and generally increased drag. Using the microjets smoothes the flow and actually reduces the drag. Thus, the microjets may offer a performance advantage as well (depending on whether the drag reduction will offset the amount of energy required to pressurize the air). 
     The foregoing description and drawings comprise illustrative embodiments of the present invention. Having thus described exemplary embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted by those skilled in the art that the within disclosures are exemplary only, and that various other alternatives, adaptations, and modifications may be made within the scope of the present invention. Many modifications and other embodiments of the invention will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which this invention pertains having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings.

Technology Classification (CPC): 5