Patent Abstract:
The invention relates to a foundation construction device for making trenches in the soil comprising a frame, on which a soil-removing tool is arranged, and a control device for aligning the foundation construction device in the trench having two control flaps, which are supported pairwise opposite each other on the frame, and having at least one extendable and retractable guide wheel arranged on the frame.

Full Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
   The invention relates to a foundation construction device for making trenches in the soil comprising a frame, at least one soil-removing tool arranged on the frame and a control device for controlling the foundation construction device in the trench. 
   BACKGROUND ART 
   Such foundation construction devices for making trenches are lowered on a carrier device whilst being suspended thereon. Through rotating movements of cutting wheels, grabs or scoops the soil is removed in a generally rectangular cross-sectional surface so that a trench filled with suspension is produced in the soil. In order to make a trench wall this procedure can be repeated in a horizontally spaced position. 
   The soil can consist of different sand layers, stone layers, rock and cavities. This can give rise to undesirable deviations of the foundation construction devices. Even minor changes of direction of the foundation construction device may, in greater trench depths, lead to considerable gaps in the trench wall. 
   From DE-C-36 15 068 a cable-guided trench wall grab is known, on the grab frame of which a guide frame is longitudinally movable on the outside. The guide frame is lowered with the grab into the trench where it is braced against the walls of the trench by means of extendable spacer plates. In the guide frame the grab frame can be guided in the vertical direction during the movements required to strip the soil. In doing so the bracing of the guide frame in the trench is controlled such that the grab axis is always located in the centre of the trench. To this end the spacer plates are extended on either side of the grab axis equidistant thereto either by means of levers actuated through cylinder-piston units or directly by cylinder-piston units that can be controlled separately for each spacer plate. By using displacement measuring devices that indicate the position of the cylinder-piston units and an inclination measuring instrument that indicates the position of the grab frame to the vertical line a position of the grab in the trench can be controlled to a certain degree. 
   From the disclosed document EP-A-0 518 298 a trench wall cutter and a cutting method for making trench walls with random angles of inclination are known. For this purpose control flaps are arranged on a vertically movable cutting frame, which, by projecting as far as beyond the outer border of the cutting frame, can be driven through hydraulic cylinders. In the cutting frame an inclinometer is arranged for directional correction. The hydraulic cylinders can in addition have a displacement pick-up und a pressure switch for the position of the control flaps. The control flaps can be prestressed against the trench wall either at the lower end or at the upper end thereof, whereby a torque acting in a predetermined direction on the cutting frame is generated. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   The invention is based on the object to provide a foundation construction device having a simple design which can be controlled in a precise and reliable manner in the trench. 
   In accordance with the invention the object is solved by a device having the features of claims  1  or  7 . Preferred embodiments are stated in the dependent claims. 
   The foundation construction device according to the invention for making trenches in the soil is characterized in that the control device has at least two control flaps, which are supported pairwise opposite each other on the frame and are movable by means of at least one common adjusting cylinder, a lever mechanism and a distributing device, and in that the distributing device is designed to variably distribute the force and/or the adjusting path of the at least one common adjusting cylinder to the control flaps disposed opposite each other. 
   A basic idea of the invention resides in the fact that the soil-removing tool is guided along the previously produced trench wall according to a predetermined work path and that the soil-removing tool is re-aligned into a desired position in the case of an undesired deviation occurring. For the alignment opposite control flaps can be extended to a different degree by means of an adjusting cylinder. The force and/or the adjusting path of the adjusting cylinder are distributed to a varying extent to the control flaps by means of a controllable distributing device. As a result, the design of the foundation construction device is simplified whilst still maintaining a good controllability. 
   A preferred embodiment of the invention resides in that the lever mechanism is designed as a knee-lever mechanism having two articulated levers, each of which is linked to a control flap. Through the knee-lever mechanism the articulated levers can be pivoted at an equal distance or at a varying one so that the linked control flaps can be extended at an equal distance or at a varying one from the centre and at an equal distance or offset to each other in the vertical height. 
   According to the invention a further development resides in that the distributing device has a control member which is arranged in an adjustable manner, more particularly in a turnable manner, between the articulated levers and the at least one adjusting cylinder. In accordance with the position of the control member it transmits the force or the adjusting movement of the piston of the adjusting cylinder to the articulated levers. 
   According to an embodiment of the invention it is preferred that the control member is connected to an actuating rod, on which the at least one adjusting cylinder engages in an offset manner to a centre axis of the actuating rod. As a result of the offset engagement of the adjusting cylinder with respect to the centre axis of the actuating rod this actuating rod can be turned by the adjusting cylinder itself. 
   A particularly preferred further development of the invention resides in the fact that two adjusting cylinders are provided which engage on the actuating rod at different positions. The adjusting cylinders engage on opposite sides of the actuating rod on lever arms so that when the pistons are extended from the adjusting cylinders it is not only possible that the rod can be turned about its own axis but also that the forces are applied in an oblique downward directed manner. 
   Furthermore, a preferred embodiment of the invention resides in that on both sides of the actuating rod a control member is each arranged, with at least four control flaps being operable. Through the respective control member a displacement and/or a turning of the actuating rod is transmitted to the pivoting movement of the articulated levers. 
   Moreover, the foundation construction device according to the invention for making trenches in the soil is also characterized in that the control device has at least one guide wheel which is arranged on the frame in an extendable and retractable manner. The at least one guide wheel is located on the side of the foundation construction device that extends perpendicularly to the sides of the control flaps. The guide wheel serves to support the foundation construction device laterally on the trench wall and can be employed for the lateral correction of the position of the foundation construction device. 
   A preferred embodiment of the invention resides in that the guide wheel is rotatably supported on a swivel arm which can be pivoted through an actuating member. The swivel arm is pivotably supported on the frame on the other end with respect to the end where the guide wheel is rotatably supported. As actuating member e.g. an adjusting cylinder can be employed. 
   In accordance with the invention a further development resides in that a guide wheel is each arranged on two opposite sides. The guide wheels can be pivoted to the same extent or to a varying one through the swivel arm. As a consequence, during the production of the trench a defined lateral displacement of the foundation construction device and therefore a precise correction of the position of the foundation construction device in the trench are rendered possible. 
   According to the invention the foundation construction device for making trenches in the soil is designed as a trench wall cutter or a trench wall grab. These require a particularly precise guidance. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     In the following the invention will be described further by way of preferred embodiments which are schematically shown in the drawings. 
       FIG. 1  shows a perspective view of a foundation construction device according to the invention. 
       FIG. 2  shows a perspective view of a variant of a control flap device according to the invention when located in the retracted position. 
       FIG. 3  shows a perspective view of the variant of the control flap device according to the invention from  FIG. 2  when located in the extended position. 
       FIG. 3   a  shows a lateral view of the foundation construction device according to the invention from  FIG. 1  during the correction of an obliquely cut trench. 
       FIG. 4  shows a perspective partial view of a foundation construction device according to the invention with a guide wheel device located in the retracted position. 
       FIG. 5  shows a perspective partial view of the foundation construction device according to the invention with the guide wheel device from  FIG. 4  located in the extended position. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
   In  FIG. 1  a foundation construction device  10  according to the invention is shown which is designed in this case as a trench wall cutter. It includes several rotatably driven cutting wheels as soil-removing tools  14 , a frame  12  and a control device comprising a control flap device  1  and a guide wheel device  5 . For the attachment to cable mountings two bolts located in attachment slots  31 ,  32  are provided. Upon an increasing depth of the trench first the control flap device  1  and then the guide wheel device  5  can be additionally employed for guidance or for correcting the direction of the soil-removing tool. 
   In  FIGS. 2 and 3  a preferred variant of the control flap device in accordance with the invention is shown in perspective view. The control flap device  1  consists of a pair of two control flaps  16 ,  18  disposed opposite each other with their rear, adjusting cylinders  20  attached to the frame  12  on a side thereof, actuating rods  26  having lever arms  27  and lever mechanisms. The control flap  16 ,  18  has a flap contact surface  19 , at the end of which end inclinations  35  are formed. The contact surfaces  19  rest against the trench wall for directional correction. At the rear of the control flap  16 ,  18  the said flap  16  and  18  respectively has a central, perpendicularly disposed control flap ridge  17 , to which the articulated levers  22  are linked. In addition, a V-shaped ridge indentation  34  is provided for the articulated lever  22  in its retracted position as well as a U-shaped ridge indentation  33  and respectively a ridge sloping  36  is provided for the actuating rods  26  in their retracted position. 
   When the pistons of the upper adjusting cylinders  20  are extended, the upper knee-lever, consisting of the articulated lever  22  and the lever arm  27 , causes the two actuating rods  26  together with the upper ends of the control flaps  16 ,  18  to be pressed apart. 
   When the two pistons of the lower adjusting cylinders  20 , by being extended in an equal manner, exert an oblique, downward directed pressure predetermined by the lever arms  27 , the lower actuating rod  26  moves downwards and extends the lower ends of the control flaps  16 ,  18 . 
   If, through its extension, a single piston of a lower adjusting cylinder  20  exerts further pressure onto the lever arm  27 , while the piston of the other adjusting cylinder stops, the control member  24  is turned as a result of the force acting outwards and downwards in an oblique manner. Consequently, the articulated levers  22  have a different angle of attack with respect to the plate-shaped control member  24 , which leads to a different distribution of force to the articulated levers  22 . 
   For the retraction of the control flaps  16 ,  18  the pistons of the lower adjusting cylinders  20  are retracted again, whereby the actuating rod and with it the control member  24  are lifted. 
   In  FIG. 3   a  an inclined position of the control flaps  16 ,  18  with respect to the frame  12  with the soil-removing tool  14  is shown in a lateral view of the foundation construction device from  FIG. 1 . In this case only the lower actuating rod  26  and the control member  24  located below the lower articulated levers  22  are operated. Through the turning and/or displacement of the actuating rod  26  the control member  24  linked to the articulated levers  22  has been adjusted too. 
   In  FIGS. 4 and 5  a guide wheel device  5  according to the invention is illustrated in a perspective view. While the control flap device  1  aligns the foundation construction device on its front and rear on the trench wall, the guide wheel device  5  is able to guide or align the foundation construction device on its sides on the trench wall. The guide wheel device  5  comprises guide wheels  50  that are rotatably supported on the swivel arms  52 , pressing rods  53  that extend obliquely upwards and are each displaceable in a rod guide groove  55  of the frame posts  57  up to an upper stop, and a carriage  54  guided between two frame posts  57 , to which the two pressing rods are linked. If the carriage  54  is for example moved upwards through the piston of a cylinder, the pressing rods  53  linked to the carriage  54  extend along a rod guide groove  55  in a horizontally positioned direction. In doing so the swivel arm  52 , which is linked to the other side of the pressing rod  53  and is also linked to the frame  12 , is pivoted laterally in an obliquely upward directed manner. Once the carriage  54  is moved downwards again, the swivel arms  52  with the guide wheels  50  are lowered back into the vertical position.

Technology Classification (CPC): 4