Patent Abstract:
A fluid filter system has a manifold having a fluid inlet with an inlet stop and a fluid outlet with an outlet stop and a cartridge seat. A cartridge is separable from the manifold and adapted to mount and dismount in the manifold. The cartridge has a filter housing containing a filter for filtering fluid, and an integral closure member having a first level and a second level. A radial inlet port is on a face of the first level of the closure member and an axial outlet port is on top of the second level of the closure member. A first boss on the closure member opens the inlet stop when the cartridge is mounted in the manifold. A second boss on the closure member is disposed to open the outlet stop when the cartridge is mounted in the manifold. The bosses engage the stops sequentially.

Full Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     None. 
     STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
     Not Applicable. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention is a fluid filter cartridge, manifold and method for their assembly and for replacing cartridges. 
     2. Related Art 
     Fluid filters, particularly water filters, are known. Drinking water filters adapted for use with plumbing in buildings where people work or live is common in many areas. A variety of filter types can be used, including charcoal, other granular types of filters or pleated membranes and the like. After any filter has been used for a period of time, it becomes less effective as impurities build up within it. Accordingly, filter systems need to provide for filter replacement. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,336,406 to Stanford et al. is typical of a prior art filter system having a replaceable cartridge. One problem addressed by the Stanford patent is to prevent leakage of water during the replacement of a filter and/or a cartridge containing the filter. The Stanford reference discloses a spring loaded check valve for closing a water source pipe when a cartridge is removed from a manifold that holds it when in use. However, the prior art leaves unaddressed multiple continuing problems. For example, in the Stanford patent, only the water intake is stopped by the valve during replacement. There is a need in the art for stopping not only pressurized water inflow during cartridge replacement but also back flow from the water outlet side of the manifold. 
     Another continuing need in the art is protecting filter components from damage or misalignment during installation. For example, the filters themselves within cartridges typically have an outlet tube or other extension designed to engage an outlet in the manifold. Filters, filter outlet tubes, seals, O-rings and the like can all be damaged or misaligned during installation when prior art designs are used. There is a continuing need in the art for a more durable design for a cartridge closure member and its seating within a manifold receptacle for it. 
     Leakage of fluid during cartridge replacement is increased by the failure of the prior art designs to relieve input fluid pressure on closure components during cartridge replacement, particularly in relation to outflow pressure release. Leakage would be reduced and water pressure shock to a new filter is also reduced by providing pressure release through a fluid outlet sequentially with re-pressurization through a fluid inlet. However, no existing system achieves this. 
     There also remains a continuing need to avoid further damage or misalignment by a users repeated manual adjustment of the cartridge within the manifold caused by the users&#39; inability to determine when a cartridge closure member has been properly seated in the manifold. There further remains a need for an ergonomically designed cartridge having a shape making it intuitively clear to a user how a cartridge properly seats in a manifold. 
     There is also a need in the art for allowing a user the option of replacing an entire cartridge, or simply a filter within the cartridge. 
     There is a continuing need in the art for a manifold and cartridge assembly easily assembled with existing plumbing, as for example, with manifold inlet and outlets being in line. 
     There are also continuing fluid flow optimization needs in the art. Designing the cartridge and filter assembly so that the intake of pressurized water does not misalign a filter within the cartridge, and so that distribution of incoming water to be filtered around all surfaces of the filter, in order to maximize its efficiency, is maintained. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is in view of the above problems that the present invention was developed. The present invention is a water filter system, apparatus and method having a manifold designed for installation with a pressurized fluid input pipe and an outlet pipe. The present invention includes a manifold and a replaceable cartridge. The cartridge is comprised of a housing dimensioned to contain a filter. In the housing may have a base end that is removable, or fixed to the housing. The cartridge having a removable base, a filter may be replaced in the cartridge and the cartridge reused. The alternative design not having a removable base, the cartridge may be removed and replaced from the manifold of the filter system, but the filter may not be replaced within the cartridge housing. In either case, any of a wide variety of known filters may be installed within the housing of the cartridge. 
     The cartridge also includes a closure member. The closure member is integrally formed with the filter housing. The housing, in some aspects of the present invention, may be tapered, to ease proper installation. 
     The manifold, in one embodiment of the present invention, is designed for inline installation on a preexisting plumbing line. That is, the input and output pipes would be substantially level. The manifold has an inlet stop and outlet stop. The stops may be any of a wide variety of stop valves, check valves or other devices for leakage free closure of a fluid transport line. The manifold inlet and manifold outlet are in fluid communication with seats for the cartridge closure member. The stops for the inlet and outlet are incorporated with the inlet and outlet such that an actuating projection of the stops extends into the seat for the closure member. 
     Both the convex extension of the closure member and the corresponding concave seat of the manifold are designed with two levels. The radial dimensions of each level are different. In the depicted embodiments, each level has an annular axial face, having an annular seat for an O-ring to seal the closure member in the manifold seat. A second level of the closure member is coaxial with and disposed on the top of the first level. It also has an annular seat for an O-ring. The first level includes radial intake ports for receiving pressurized input of water or other fluids. The intake ports are on the vertical, annular side wall of the first level. The top level has an outlet port, located on its top, so that fluid outlet is in an axial direction. 
     Each level of the closure member also includes at least one boss or tab. This boss or tab has at least one ramped face in the depicted embodiments. The bosses are fabricated and oriented to engage the inlet and outlet stop projections when the cartridge is installed in the manifold seat. The bosses are further fabricated and oriented in relation to one another so that upon installation, the outlet stop is engaged to open first and the inlet stop is engaged to open last. Thus, on installation, the outlet valve is already open when the inlet valve is opened, avoiding pressure shocks to the filter alignment and avoiding leakage. The order is reversed when the cartridge is being removed. The bosses close the fluid intake stop valve first, and close the fluid outlet stop second, also suppressing leakage and discontinuous pressure transitions. 
     The inlet ports on the cartridge are larger than the outlet port in total intake area and volume capacity. The inlet ports may be two or more in number, or may be a single large port. In the depicted embodiment, two ports are used. These configurations ensure that fluid taken in is evenly distributed around a filter within the filter housing. 
     Separately from the stop valve actuation bosses, the closure member and manifold further have ramped lugs dimensioned to cooperate with each other. These mounting lugs thread together to provide for a 90° turn screw fit. The inlet ports, stop valve bosses and mounting lugs are oriented symmetrically, so that a single, simple twisting motion will mount the cartridge in the manifold. Another boss and detent on the ramped lugs provide a positive stop, imparting a desirable “snap” sensation to a user, confirming proper installation. 
     Further features and advantages of the present invention, as well as the structure and operation of various embodiments of the present invention, are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part of the specification, illustrate the embodiments of the present invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings: 
         FIG. 1  is a cutaway front view of the manifold cartridge assembly of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  is a cutaway side view of the manifold cartridge assembly of the present invention; 
         FIG. 3  is a cutaway front view of the cartridge of the present invention; 
         FIG. 4  is a cutaway side view of the cartridge of the present invention; 
         FIG. 5  is a cutaway close up front view of the closure member of the present invention; 
         FIG. 6  is a cutaway close up side view of the closure member of the present invention; 
         FIG. 7  is a top view of the cartridge of the present invention; 
         FIG. 8  is a schematic close up top view of the cartridge of the present invention; 
         FIG. 9  is a front view of the closure member of the cartridge; 
         FIG. 10  is a cutaway side view close up of a stop valve for the present invention; 
         FIG. 11  is a perspective view of the base cap of the present invention; 
         FIG. 12  is another view of the closure member; 
         FIG. 13  is a side view of the closure member installed in the manifold; 
         FIG. 14  is a cut away side view of the manifold; 
         FIG. 15  is a side view of the manifold; and 
         FIG. 16  is an opposite side view of the manifold. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Referring to the accompanying drawings in which like reference numbers refer to like elements,  FIG. 1  is a cutaway front view of the fluid filter manifold and cartridge assembly of the present invention.  FIG. 2  is a cutaway side view of the same. Cartridge  10  is depicted as installed in manifold  20 . The aspects of cartridge  10  include housing  12  base  14  and a closure member, indicated generally at  16 . 
     Manifold  20  includes a fluid intake  22  and a fluid output  24 . Intake  22  and output  24  are adapted to be installed with standard plumbing fittings in manners that will be recognized by those with skill in the art. Within manifold  20  are a first seat level  26  and second seat level  28 . 
     Inside the housing  12  are a filter  30  assembled with a filter end cap  32  and filter base  34 . The filter end cap  32  has a projecting filter output tube  36 . In the depicted embodiment, a space  38  is provided between housing wall  12  and filter  30  for water flow. It is within the scope of the present invention that water flow filter and housing interior configurations within housing  12  may be varied. 
     Visible in  FIG. 1  is an intake stop valve  40  and output stop valve  42 . It is within the scope of the present invention that a variety of displaceable, fluid tight stops may be used. In the depicted embodiment, the stops are biased into a seat by springs and have O-rings seals, as described in more detail below. 
     Also visible in  FIGS. 1 and 2  are O-rings seals for assembly in annular grooves in the closure member. They are disposed to sealingly engage the manifold first seat level  26  and second seat level  28  when cartridge  10  is fully installed in manifold  20 . First O-ring  44  and second O-ring  46  seat in and seal the first level seat  26  and second level seat  28 , respectively, when cartridge  12  is fully installed in manifold  20 . Moreover, the seals and bosses of the closure member are dimensioned to seal before the bosses open the intake and output stops. 
       FIGS. 3 and 4  are a cutaway front view and side view, respectively, of the filter cartridge  10  without the filter  30  or the manifold  20  depicted.  FIGS. 5 and 6  are a cutaway front view and cutaway side view, respectively, depicting a close up of the closure member that together with the housing comprise the cartridge  20 . The closing member and housing may be attached, as by spin welding, or integrally formed.  FIG. 9  is a front view of the closure member of the cartridge. As is best seen in  FIGS. 5 and 9 , the closure member has a first level  50  including an O-ring seat  52  and opposing bosses  54 . Also on first level  50  of the closure member is a fluid intake port  56 . As can be seen, the fluid intake port  56  is oriented in a lateral direction, opening radially through the vertical, annular wall of the first level  50  of the closure member. Also shown on  FIG. 9  is a mounting level  70  of the closure member. 
     Also visible in  FIGS. 5 and 9  is an upper level  60  of the closure member. Included in the upper level is annular O-ring seat  62  and opposing bosses  64 . A fluid outflow port  66 , for exit of the filtered fluid is also depicted in  FIGS. 5 and 6 . Outflow port  66  is on top of upper level  60  and fluid flows out of the cartridge axially. 
       FIG. 7  is a top view of the closure member of the cartridge.  FIG. 8  is a close up schematic view of the closure member of the cartridge. As is best seen in  FIG. 8 , lower bosses  54  and upper bosses  64  project radially from a center axis of the cartridge. 
     Also visible on  FIG. 8  are the configurations of the engaging face of each boss. The cartridge  10  is installed in the manifold  20  with a twisting motion which is a 90° quarter turn in the depicted embodiment. The engagement of the cartridge in the manifold by this motion is described in more detail below. As the cartridge  10  is twisted into its installed, seated position, the bosses  54  and  64  engage the intake and output stops, opening them as the cartridge is rotated into place. The engaging faces are slanted. As is best seen in  FIG. 8 , the engaging face  55  of lower boss  54  is at a different angle than at the engaging face  65  of upper boss  64 . As will be readily appreciated by those with skill in the art, the steeper ramp, that is the engaging face which is at a more acute angle from the lateral horizontal axis depicted in  FIG. 8 , will engage and drive open the projection of a stop before the more gradual ramp opens its corresponding stop. The lower face  55  of lower boss  54  is the more gradual ramp. It is at a more oblique angle to the horizontal lateral axis of  FIG. 8 . Accordingly, rotation of the closure member  16  will open the top valve with boss  64  before the bottom valve is opened by boss  54 . As depicted, installation of the cartridge will open the outlet first and inlet second upon installation. Conversely, the depicted closure member will close the inlet first and close the outlet second upon removal of the cartridge from the manifold. 
       FIG. 10  is a close up, cross sectional view of the stop valve used for both the manifold inlet and outlet. It is comprised of a projecting head  142  which in the valves closed position extends into the manifold seat  26  or  28 , where it is disposed to be engaged by bosses  54  or  64 . The stop valve also includes an annular seat for an O-ring  144  in order to produce a water tight seal when closed. It also includes a spring seat  146  having a recess into which a coil spring is assembled. It is within the scope of the present invention that any stop, stop valve or check valve may be used, provided it extends into the seat recesses  26  or  28  in a manner that can be engaged by bosses  54  or  64  in order to open or close the valve upon rotation of the cartridge  10 . 
       FIG. 11  is a perspective view of the base cap for the cartridge. In one embodiment of the present invention, the base cap is fixedly attached to the bottom of the housing  12 . The attachment may be by any manner, for example, by spin welding. In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the base cap  14  is removable. In such an embodiment of the present invention a user would have the option of replacing the entire cartridge or in the alternative, removing the cartridge, opening the cartridge housing by removing the base cap  14  and replacing the filter  30 . The base cap could then be replaced and the cartridge reinstalled with the new filter. This procedure may be desirable in order to replace the used filter, or change the filter element from one type to another. This alternative embodiment also has the possible advantages of economy, as a filter may cost less than a filter and cartridge together. It may also provide a user perceived ecologic advantage, since less material will be discarded if the only the filter, as opposed to the filter and cartridge together, are disposed of after use. 
     The depicted embodiment of the present invention provides for a 90° twist turn movement for installing and removing the cartridge  10  into and from the manifold  20 . Other degrees of rotation or other means of installation are within the scope of the present invention, provided that the closure member engages the stop valves sequentially. In the depicted embodiment, as is best seen in  FIGS. 12 ,  13  and  14 , angled threads or lugs are formed within a mounting recess  70  in manifold  20 . Thread lugs  72  in the recess of manifold  20  correspond to cooperating thread lugs  74  on the closure member of the cartridge. 
     The ramped or threaded lugs  72  and  74  on the closure member and mounting recess are dimensioned to engage each other in close sliding cooperation. They also include an end stop on either or both lugs. Finally, either one or the other of ramped lugs  72  or  74  will have a boss, positioned to engage a detent on the other of threaded ramps  72  or  74 . The boss and detent are aligned to engage when the cartridges properly installed and fully closed and mounted in the manifold. The boss and detent provide a positive “snap in” feel to the user indicating that the cartridge is properly installed and further and manipulation by the user is not necessary. 
       FIGS. 15 and 16  are side views of the manifold  20 . They show inlet  22  and outlet  24 . In order to ease installation of the manifold and to make it compatible with most existing plumbing systems, offset oval inserts  80  receive parallel installation of an inline pipe and direct the fluid flow to or from that pipe to properly engage the inlet and outlet of the manifold. 
     In view of the foregoing, it will be seen that the several advantages of the invention are achieved and attained. 
     The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention in various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. 
     As various modifications could be made in the constructions and methods herein described and illustrated without departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the foregoing description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative rather than limiting. Thus, the breadth and scope of the present invention should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but should be defined only in accordance with the following claims appended hereto and their equivalents.

Technology Classification (CPC): 2