Patent Abstract:
A document search and retrieval system and program product therefor. Search requests are provided to the system through a user interface. A document decomposer decomposes documents into individual document components. Document components and corresponding searchable indices for each are stored in a Component Library. A search unit searches stored document components responsive to search queries. A results validator compares document hitlists with a document type identified in a search query to select valid hitlists entries for a final hitlist. A document view assembly module collects identified document components and assembles them into a document for view at the user interface.

Full Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   1. Field of the Invention 
   The present invention is related to searching and retrieving electronic documents over a computer network and more specifically, to dynamically assembling electronic documents at retrieval, based on the document type most suitable for the user context. 
   2. Background Description 
   Normally, someone wishing to find information over the Internet uses a search engine to identify and retrieve relevant documents. Documents available over the Internet normally have a fixed document type (e.g. Download, Hints &amp; Tips, White Paper, etc.) with static content layout. Specialized search engines may filter search results based on document type, filtering out all documents not matching the specified document type or types. 
     FIG. 1  illustrates a traditional document search and retrieval system  100  or search engine that may be used for such searches. In response to each search query, the search engine  100  returns documents of one preferred type only without returning other possibly more relevant documents. The system  100  includes a user interface  102 , a search unit  104 , a textual index  106  and a document storage system  108 . The document storage system  108  contains different types of static documents, e.g., Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ), Downloads and Authorized Program Analysis Reports (APAR). The textual index  106  contains a searchable index for documents in document storage system  108 . Each search query includes both search terms and preferred document type that are entered at user interface  102  and passed to search unit  104 . Search unit  104  searches textual index  106  to identify a hitlist, e.g., of FAQ documents, that contain specified search terms. Search unit  104  returns the document hitlist through user interface  102 . So, for example, listed FAQs are selected from document storage system  108  for viewing through user interface  102 . Two such examples of technical support search engines that include document type with a search query are support sites from Microsoft Corporation (support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=fh;EN-US;sq1), where topic category must specify document type; and, from IBM Corporation (www-1.ibm.com/support/manager.wss?rs=0&amp;rt=2), where the user directly specifies document type. 
   Unfortunately, very often this typical system  100  may not provide an answer/solution to the query, especially, when the correct answer is embedded in a document that does not match the requested document type/layout. In another example, to find downloadable video driver for product A, a prior art system may limit the search scope to ‘Download’ documents only. So, the search engine may overlook relevant information that appears in a Hints&amp;Tips document instead for example. So, the search result is somewhat limited by a document layout or type that is normally once and forever determined by the document provider. Typically, unless the same document is stored in multiple formats, the searcher cannot choose content layout. So, typical state of the art search engines are restricted by the static nature of available documents. Thus, navigating through document storage to find relevant information often requires a level of familiarity with the document type schema. Document organization may hamper searching. Different content providers cannot choose suitable content and layout for particular local portals. So, users must live with whatever documents are stored and available. 
   These search constraints are especially troublesome in corporate technical support systems, typically a complex hierarchical schema of document types combined with a product taxonomy tree. Usually corporate-wide documents are standardized to provide a unified document view through the corporate technical support portal. These constraints make retrieving information from a corporate technical support system a challenging task especially if the document storage system contains heterogenous document collections. 
   Thus, there is a need for a way to select document presentation according to the needs of a particular user or presentation context. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   It is a purpose of the invention to facilitate finding relevant information regardless of the format of documents containing the information; 
   It is another purpose of the invention to present such information in a selectable document type and/or layout that may not match the format of the original document containing the information; 
   It is yet another purpose of the invention to choose a most suitable document content layout. 
   The present invention is a document search and retrieval system and program product therefor. Search requests are provided to the system through a user interface. A document decomposer decomposes documents into individual document components. Document components and corresponding searchable indices for each are stored in a Component Library. A search unit searches stored document components responsive to search queries. A results validator compares document hitlists with a document type identified in a search query to select valid hitlists entries for a final hitlist. A document view assembly module collects identified document components and assembles them into a document for view at the user interface. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The foregoing and other objects, aspects, and advantages will be better understood from the following non limiting detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the drawings that include the following: 
       FIG. 1  shows a block diagram of a prior art document retrieval system; 
       FIG. 2  shows a block diagram of an example of a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 3  shows an example of document decomposition and indexing schema according to a preferred embodiment wherein a Document Decomposer module extracts document components and stores them in the Component Library; 
       FIG. 4  shows an example of a document decomposition and indexing flow chart showing how the Document Decomposer module interacts with other modules; 
       FIG. 5  shows an example of a preferred embodiment document search schema, wherein different type documents are returned by the Search Engine for selection and viewing; 
       FIG. 6  shows an example of a preferred document search flow chart of how the Results Validator module interacts with other modules of the present invention; 
       FIG. 7  is an example of a document viewing schema, wherein the Document View Builder module retrieves document components from the Component Library module and assemble a document for view according to the selected context; 
       FIG. 8  shows an example of a preferred document viewing flow chart of how the Document View Builder interacts with other modules of the present invention. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
   According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, content components are extracted from original documents and stored in a component library. When a query calls for information found in the content components, a context is selected in which retrieved information is viewed. Documents of the chosen type/layout are constituted on the fly from stored document components. More relevant documents may be identified and rendered in a selected context/layout. 
     FIG. 2  shows an example of a component based document search and retrieval system  110  according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. The system  110  includes an User Interface  112 , a Search Unit  114 , a Textual Index  116 , Document Storage  118 , a Component Library  120 , a Document Decomposer  122 , a Document View Builder  124  and a Result Validator  126 . The Document Storage  118  contains different types of documents, e.g., FAQs  128 , Downloads  130  and APARs  132 . 
   The Document Decomposer  122  distills individual components from each of the documents  128 ,  130 ,  130  and the components are stored in the Component Library  120 . For example, a typical FAQ  128  might include a Title, a Problem Statement, a Solution and, optionally a reference link to additional information. Further, these document components can be collected and assembled to form an FAQ document. Likewise, a Download document may include a Title, a Solution, an Attachment and a reference. Table 1 is an example illustrating typical document components for several document types. Typically, each of these components is tagged by a section subtitle in the original document. Each document type has its own set of sections according to predefined corporate templates. The Document Decomposer  122  locates each tagged component, extracts each located component and stores extracted components in the Component Library  120 . Then, the individual components are indexed in the Textual Index Unit  116 , making each indexed component available for full text search. 
   
     
       
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
               TABLE 1 
             
             
                 
             
             
               Doc.Type 
               Title 
               Abstract 
               Problem 
               Solution 
               Attachment 
               Reference 
             
             
                 
             
           
           
             
               FAQ 
               X 
                 
               X 
               X 
                 
               X 
             
             
               APAR 
               X 
               X 
               X 
               X 
                 
               X 
             
             
               Hints 
               X 
               X 
                 
               X 
             
             
               &amp; Tips 
             
             
               Download 
               X 
                 
                 
               X 
               X 
               X 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   A search is initiated with a query that specifies both search terms and preferred document type passing through the User Interface  112  to Search Unit  114 . Search Unit  114  searches component indices in Textual Index  116  and retrieves a hitlist for specified search terms. Results Validator  126  checks the hitlist and identifies candidates that include all of the components needed to constitute a document in the selected format, e.g., FAQ format. The Results Validator  126  returns a list of remaining documents that can be constituted into the selected format. Each request also passes through User Interface  112  to Document View Assembly Module  124  which retrieves and assembles components into a document in the selected format. The assembled document is returned for viewing through User Interface  112 . 
     FIG. 3  illustrates document decomposition and indexing document collections  140 ,  142 ,  144  by Document Decomposer  122 . Different types of documents pass from collections  140 ,  142 ,  144  to Document Decomposer  122 . The Document Decomposer  118  locates and extracts document components/elements, according to the original document type model (e.g., Table 1). Extracted document components are stored in Component Library  120 . Then, the content of each of the document components is indexed in the Textual Index  122  for full text search. 
     FIG. 4  shows an example of a document decomposition and indexing flow chart  150 . The Document Storage System  116  passes a document  152  to Document Decomposer  122 . The Document Decomposer  122  extracts document components  154  and passes the extracted components to Component Library  120 . Document components are passed from Component Library  120  to Indexer  156  which creates an inverted Textual Index  158  of all words in each document component to enable full text search. The Indexer  156  associates the entries in this Textual Index  158  with documents that contain the components. 
   In addition to document components, the Component Library  120  contains a table of document type masks for every supported document type. Table 2 shows an example of a document type mask table for the above example of four identified document types. Each document type mask defines a set of components constituting a particular document type. 
   
     
       
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
               TABLE 2 
             
             
                 
             
             
               Doc.Type 
               Title 
               Abstract 
               Problem 
               Solution 
               Attachment 
               Reference 
             
             
                 
             
           
           
             
               FAQ 
               1 
               0 
               1 
               1 
               0 
               1 
             
             
               APAR 
               1 
               1 
               1 
               1 
               0 
               1 
             
             
               Hints 
               1 
               1 
               0 
               1 
               0 
               0 
             
             
               &amp; Tips 
             
             
               Download 
               1 
               0 
               0 
               1 
               1 
               1 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, a document search is constrained such that the search result hitlist includes only documents that can be rendered in the requested viewing context. So, for example, while search results may identify numerous documents in each of the document types, the search results hitlist would list only those documents that can be constitute a FAQ type layout, i.e., FAQ and APAR type documents. 
     FIG. 5  shows an example of this second preferred embodiment document search schema  160 . A Search Query  162  that specifies both query terms and a selected document type is submitted to Search Engine  164 . The Search Engine  164  uses the Textual Index  166  to find stored document components that contain the specified query terms. A hitlist of document hits of appropriate document types is extracted from Textual Index  166  as Search Results  168 . The Search Results  168  hitlist is passed to the Results Validator  170  which uses an appropriate document type mask to perform document selection, selecting documents that can be rendered in the selected context. The Results Validator  170  uses a requested document type mask from the Component Library  120  to filter documents (exclude) from the hitlist that could not be configured to match the requested document type. Results Validation Table  174  is an example of results validation output from Results Validator  170 . The Final Results  176  hitlist is a reduced hitlist that includes only documents with at least matching components necessary for requested document type. 
     FIG. 6  shows a flow chart of a document search 180 using the document schema  160  of  FIG. 5 . A user submits a search query  182  to Search Engine  184  initiating the search. The Search Engine  184  uses the Textual Index  186  to produce a hitlist  188  of documents with components that match query terms. The Results Validator  190  checks document hits in the hitlist  188  against the requested document type mask from Component Library  120 . Only documents with at least components in the document type mask are output in a Final Hitlist  192 . 
     FIG. 7  shows an example of a preferred document viewing schema  200 . Once the search is completed, (i.e., in  176  and  192  of  FIGS. 5 and 6 ), the user may select one of the listed documents to view the document content. The request is passed to a Document Retrieval Module  200  that retrieves requested document components from the Component Library  120 . One of the hits (e.g., an APAR document) in the Hitlist  202  is selected for viewing. The Document View Builder  204 , retrieves requested components from Component Library  120  and assembles the document components according to the requested document mask (FAQ mask) by applying the layout defined by the requested document type. 
     FIG. 8  shows an example of a document view construction flow chart  210 . The Document View Builder  218  assembles the document by including and omitting relevant components to match the requested document type. After selecting an entry from final hitlist  212 , the Document View Builder  214  retrieves components for the selected entry from the Component Library  216 . Then, the Document View Builder  214  assembles the components into a viewable document according to the selected format and outputs the assembled document over the user interface for viewing  218 . 
   Thus, search result documents are provided in a user selected document type based upon the user request. Documents of a requested type are assembled dynamically from a given content. The document with an answer/solution for the user&#39;s question/problem can be found, even if its static document type does not match the document type requested by the user. Advantageously, the number of available document types for a given content is supplemented from previously unavailable documents. 
   While the invention has been described in terms of preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Technology Classification (CPC): 8