Patent Abstract:
A method of verifying a circuit for use in an apparatus for verifying a circuit operation indicated by circuit information, the circuit including a plurality of logic circuits and at least one connection line between the logic circuits, the method includes: obtaining information of a plurality of pieces of asynchronous circuits from the circuit information; determining information of asynchronous circuits of a first type and a second type stored in a library; extracting information of an asynchronous circuit of a third type including the asynchronous circuits of the first type and the second type; and extracting verification information associated with the information of the asynchronous circuit of the third type, for verifying the circuit.

Full Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
       [0001]    This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority of the prior Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-224750 filed on Aug. 30, 2007, the entire contents of which-are incorporated herein by reference. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    1. Field 
         [0003]    This art is related to a method of verifying the operation of a circuit using circuit connection information about connection between logic circuits. 
         [0004]    2. Description of the Related Art 
         [0005]    When designing a semiconductor integrated circuit, a designer designs a circuit and performs logic synthesis in order to verify whether a problematic portion of the circuit operation is present. Recently, some highly advanced semiconductor integrated circuits have included asynchronous circuits that operate with different clocks in the transmission side and the reception side. In such asynchronous circuits, a phenomenon that is specific to asynchronous circuits occurs (e.g., a metastable state). Since this phenomenon may cause a fault, it is important to verify the asynchronous circuits in the design phase. As used herein, the term “metastable state” refers to a state in which an output level of a signal reception register becomes unstable in accordance with the reception timing of a signal reception register driven with a clock different from that of a signal transmission register. 
         [0006]      FIG. 3  of Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2000-11031 describes a method for extracting a cell for which timing verification is needed when designing a semiconductor integrated circuit. More specifically, when a clock of a signal transmission register is different from a clock of a signal reception register, the registers are extracted as cells for which timing verification is needed. 
         [0007]    However, for example, in the existing technology described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2000-11031, an effect of transmission and reception timing of a signal propagating in an asynchronous path on transmission and reception timing of a signal propagating in another asynchronous path may not be extracted. Accordingly, if an error is detected during circuit verification (e.g., timing verification), the designer manually needs to determine whether the cell itself is problematic, an asynchronous path between cells is problematic, or signal propagation timing between asynchronous paths is problematic. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0008]    According to an aspect of an embodiment, a method of verifying a circuit for use in an apparatus for verifying a circuit operation indicated by circuit information, the circuit including a plurality of logic circuits and at least one connection line between the logic circuits, the method includes: obtaining information of a plurality of asynchronous circuits from the circuit information; determining information of asynchronous circuits of a first type and a second type stored in a library; extracting information of an asynchronous circuit of a third type including the asynchronous circuits of the first type and the second type; and extracting verification information associated with the information of the asynchronous circuit of the third type, for verifying the circuit. 
         [0009]    Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The object and advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. 
         [0010]    It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0011]      FIG. 1  illustrates an example asynchronous circuit that is an asynchronous verification target; 
           [0012]      FIG. 2  is a flow chart of an asynchronous verification method; 
           [0013]      FIG. 3  is a schematic illustration of a library (a lowermost layer and a middle layer); 
           [0014]      FIG. 4  is a schematic illustration of the library (an upper layer and an uppermost layer); 
           [0015]      FIG. 5  illustrates a correspondence relationship between circuit part information in the library and verification information; 
           [0016]      FIG. 6  is a flow chart from extraction of circuit part information to output of verification information; 
           [0017]      FIG. 7  illustrates the result of abstraction of asynchronous circuit by using lower-layer part information; 
           [0018]      FIG. 8  illustrates an example of an asynchronous circuit in which a combinational circuit is located in an asynchronous connection path; 
           [0019]      FIG. 9  illustrates the result of abstraction of an asynchronous circuit by using middle-layer part information; 
           [0020]      FIG. 10  illustrates an example of assertion information registered with the library; 
           [0021]      FIG. 11  illustrates a relationship between extracted pieces of verification information according to an embodiment of the present technique; 
           [0022]      FIG. 12  illustrates an exemplary hardware configuration of a computer according to an embodiment of the present technique; 
           [0023]      FIG. 13  illustrates a metastable state of an asynchronous circuit; 
           [0024]      FIG. 14  illustrates a problem caused by a metastable state of an asynchronous circuit; and 
           [0025]      FIG. 15  illustrates a timing shift that is likely to occur in an asynchronous circuit. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0026]    Embodiments will be described below. The present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. 
         [0027]      FIG. 1  illustrates an exemplary asynchronous circuit that is a verification target and that is extracted from a given circuit. In the present embodiment, asynchronous paths are searched for in design information about the asynchronous circuit, and timing information between the asynchronous paths is output as verification information. The present exemplary embodiment is schematically described next with reference to  FIG. 1 . Reference numerals  421  to  430  represent registers. As used herein, the term “register” refers to a circuit that outputs an input signal in synchronization with a clock. Reference numerals  431  and  432  represent selectors. Reference numerals  401  to  409  represent circuits to be compared with those in a library described below. Reference numerals  450  to  458  represent connection lines. Signals  460  and  461  are input signals. The signals  460  and  461  are synchronized with a clock signal  462 . A signal  464  Is an output signal. The signal  462  and a signal  463  are asynchronous clock signals having different cycles or different phases. As for registers connected to a transmission end and a reception end of the connection line  450 , the register  421  connected to the transmission end is synchronized with the clock signal  462 . In contrast, the register  426  connected to the reception end is synchronized with the clock signal  463 . In this way, by examining clock information supplied to the registers connected to the transmission and reception ends of the connection line  450 , the connection line  450  having the registers to which different clocks are supplied can be detected as an asynchronous connection line. Similarly, the connection lines  451  and  452  can be detected as asynchronous connection lines. 
         [0028]    In a circuit illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the asynchronous connection lines are closely related to each other. For example, a logic circuit  406  connected to a reception end of the asynchronous connection line  451  controls output timing of the signal  464  output from a logic circuit  402  connected to the reception end of the asynchronous connection line  450 . By outputting verification information, such as timing verification conditions, on the basis of a relationship between the asynchronous connection lines, the accuracy of the verification of an asynchronous circuit can be increased. 
         [0029]      FIG. 2  is a flow chart of an asynchronous verification method. The flow from extraction of related asynchronous connection lines to output of verification information between the asynchronous connection lines is described with reference to the flow chart shown in  FIG. 2 . These processes are performed by a central processing unit (CPU)  1003 . In logic synthesis step S 101  of  FIG. 2 , the CPU  1003  performs logic synthesis on the basis of circuit design information written in a register transfer level (RTL) and outputs circuit connection information including logic circuit information and connection line information. As used herein, the term “RTL” refers to a level in which a circuit is represented by registers, such as flip-flops, and combinational logic circuits. In clock net extraction step S 102 , the CPU  1003  extracts clock information about clocks that drive registers from the circuit connection information. In path extraction step S 103 , the CPU  1003  determines whether a domain crossing exists, that is, whether an connection line for which a transmission register and a reception register have different clock domains exists. If a domain crossing exists, the CPU  1003 , in step S 104 , determines that that connection line is an asynchronous connection line and extracts the connection line. In lowermost layer part extraction step S 105 , the CPU  1003  searches for circuit information that is included in the circuit connection information and that matches lowermost layer part information registered in a library  105 . If matched information is found, the CPU  1003  extracts the circuit information as a lowermost layer part. Here, the library  105  includes circuit part information about parts that form an asynchronous circuit together with style check information and dynamic check information registered therein in a hierarchical structure. The details of the library  105  are described below. In middle/upper layer part information extraction step S 106 , the CPU  1003  searches the library for middle layer part information that matches the circuit information, starting from the asynchronous connection line extracted in step S 104 , using the types of pieces of the lower layer part information, the connection relationship between the pieces of the lower layer part information, and the path information of the clock domain. If matched information is found, the CPU  1003 , in step S 107 , extracts the information as middle layer part information and outputs the information as verification information. As used herein, the term “verification information” refers to information corresponding to circuit part information defined in the library  105  and used for verifying the operation of the circuit. By outputting a signal name written in the circuit connection information processed in step S 101  as the verification information, the designer can easily perform verification. In step S 108 , the CPU  1003  further searches the library  105  for higher layer part information that matches the circuit information using the types of pieces of the middle layer part information and information about signal paths connecting the pieces of the middle layer part information. If matched information is found, the CPU  1003  extracts the information as upper layer part information in step S 107  and outputs the information as verification information in step S 109 . In a similar manner, the CPU  1003 , in step S 108 , searches the library to determine whether a part that matches the circuit information is present in further upper layers. If matched information is found, the CPU  1003 , in step S 107 , outputs the information as part information. In step S 109 , the CPU  1003  outputs verification information. However, if matched information is not found, the part extraction process is completed. Each of the steps is included in more detail below. In this description, verification information is output each time part information is extracted in each layer. However, only verification information for the uppermost layer part information may be output. 
         [0030]    According to this method for verifying a circuit, asynchronous circuit information and verification information between the asynchronous circuit information can be automatically extracted. Thus, the efficiency and the accuracy of verification of a logic circuit including an asynchronous circuit can be improved. 
         [0031]      FIGS. 3 and 4  schematically illustrate circuit part information stored in the library  105 . Circuit part information is registered in the library  105  in a hierarchical structure in accordance with the circuit scale thereof. As the layer becomes higher, the circuit scale of the circuit part information becomes larger. The details of each layer and a relationship between the layers are described next with reference to  FIGS. 3 and 4 . 
         [0032]    As shown in  FIG. 3 , in a lowermost layer  201 , a logic block including at least one logic circuit is defined as circuit part information. By using the lowermost layer  201 , a minimum logic block of an asynchronous circuit can be extracted. In a middle layer  202  illustrated in  FIG. 3 , a combination of an asynchronous connection line and parts defined in the lowermost layer  201  and connected to either end of the asynchronous connection line is defined as circuit part information. By using the middle layer  202 , a minimum component of an asynchronous circuit can be extracted. 
         [0033]    In an upper layer  203  illustrated in  FIG. 4 , a combination of parts defined in the layers  201  and  202 , which are below the middle layer, is defined as circuit part information. In an uppermost layer  204 , a combination of parts defined in the layers  201 ,  202 , and  203 , which are below the upper layer, is defined as circuit part information. By using the upper layer  203  or the uppermost layer  204 , a plurality of combinations of asynchronous circuits can be extracted. 
         [0034]    It is desirable that a circuit configuration frequently used is registered in the library as circuit part information. Furthermore, in the library, parts having the same function but having different circuit configurations are defined in the same category. For example, in the circuit part information in the lowermost layer  201  illustrated in  FIG. 3 , circuit part information  215  and circuit part information  216  are registered in a multiplexer part group  211   a.  The circuit part information  215  indicates that an input signal  215   a  and a control signal  215   b  are input to a selector in synchronization with a clock  215   c  of a register, and an output signal  215   d  is output. In contrast, the circuit part information  216  indicates that an input signal  216   a  and a control signal  216   b  are input to a selector in synchronization with a clock that is not synchronized with a clock  216   c  of a register, and an output signal  216   d  is output. In this way, the pieces of information about circuit parts having the same circuit configuration, but having a register and a selector synchronously operating and having a register and a selector asynchronously operating are registered as parts in the same category. As the number of parts in the same category increases, the probability that a circuit is verified as matching a part in the library can be increased. Similarly, a combinational circuit  212   a  includes circuit part information  250  as a part group. A register  213   a  includes circuit part information  251  as a part group. A synchronizer  214   a  includes circuit part information  252  to  254  as a part group. As used herein, the term “combinational circuit” refers to a circuit including no registers and outputting a signal determined by a combination of a plurality of input logic signals. The term “register” refers to a circuit that outputs an input signal in synchronization with a clock. The term “synchronizer” refers to a circuit having at least one register connected thereto, the registers operating with the same clock in order to synchronize signals with each other. 
         [0035]    In the middle layer  202  illustrated in  FIG. 3 , a data transfer asynchronous path  221   a  and a control transfer asynchronous path  222   a  are defined as circuit part information. In addition, each of circuit part information  255  and  256  is defined as a part group. As used herein, the term “data transfer asynchronous path” refers to a data signal transfer path in which a transmission register and a reception register operate in synchronization with different clocks. The term “control transfer asynchronous path” refers to a control signal transfer path in which a transmission register and a reception register operate in synchronization with different clocks. Each of multiplexers  211   b  and  211   c,  a register  213   b,  and a synchronizer  214   b  corresponds to one of the pieces of circuit part information defined in the lowermost layer  201 . 
         [0036]    As shown in  FIG. 4 , a control data transfer structure  231   a  is defined in the upper layer  203 . A handshake structure  241  is defined in the uppermost layer  204 . The control data transfer structure  231   a  includes circuit part information  257  as a part group. The handshake structure  241  includes circuit part information  258  and  259 . As used herein, the term “control data transfer structure” refers to a structure in which the output of the data transfer asynchronous path is controlled using the output of the control transfer asynchronous path. The term “handshake structure” refers to a structure in which a plurality of asynchronous paths are coupled with each other using a combinational circuit. Each of a data transfer asynchronous path  221   b , control transfer asynchronous paths  222   b  and  222   c , combinational circuits  212   b  to  212   e,  registers  213   c  to  213   f , and control data transfer structures  231   b  to  231   d  corresponds to one of the pieces of circuit part information defined in the lowermost layer  201 , the middle layer  202 , and the upper layer  203  below the uppermost layer  204 . 
         [0037]    Note that, in the present embodiment, the number of layers of the library is four. However, the present technique is not limited thereto. For example, the number of layers of a matching logic circuit may be further increased. 
         [0038]      FIG. 5  illustrates a correspondence relationship between circuit part information  301  about each of the parts described in the library  105  shown in  FIG. 2  and verification information  302  generated on the basis of the circuit part information  301 . The verification information  302  is generated each time a part is detected. The verification information  302  facilitates verification of each of the parts. In  FIG. 5 , all of the verification information  302  relating to a part is included in one table. However, the verification information  302  may be defined using a plurality of tables, such as an element definition table and a connection definition table, each for one piece of part information. Unique identification information  311  and part component information  312  are defined in the circuit part information  301 . Furthermore, a style check item  313 , dynamic check information  314  about a part, and specific information  315  about the part are defined in the circuit part information  301 . The unique identification information  311  includes a name of a category of the part and a unique name of the part. The component  312  of the part includes specific information about the lower layer part information of the part, the lower layer part information, the connection information between parts, clock domain information supplied to the part, and clock net information in the part. These pieces of information are used for extracting a part registered in the library  105  using circuit design information about a verification target. 
         [0039]    The style check item  313  includes style requirements that the part should meet, the severity levels of the requirements, and risk information estimated when the part does not meet the requirements. The dynamic check information  314  about the part includes a timing condition of a change in an input signal that the part expects, assertion information corresponding to an operating condition of the part, and coverage information. As used herein, the term “assertion information” refers to information used for verifying whether a logic circuit is operating as desired. The term “coverage information” refers to information including a range of variations in time to be verified, such as range information about a cycle shift occurring in an asynchronous path due to a phase shift of a clock. 
         [0040]    The signal name of a path connected to the part, the bit width of the signal, and the clock name of the signal are extracted from the circuit design information and are output into the specific information  315 . Furthermore, check items that may not be determined using only the information in the part and, therefore, need to be supported by the upper layer may be defined in the specific information  315 . 
         [0041]    A correspondence relationship between the circuit part information  301  and the verification information  302  is as follows. Circuit information to be searched is selected from a circuit after logic synthesis is performed. Thereafter, the circuit information is compared with the part component information  312 . If circuit part information having the same circuit configuration as that of the searched target is found in the library, the verification information  302  is output on the basis of the circuit part information  301  for the part. The correspondence between the style check item  313  and a style check result  318  is as follows. When the verification information  302  is output, verification is performed on the basis of the style check item  313 . Thereafter, the style check result  318  is output into the verification information  302 . Thus, style checking is performed for each of the parts of the asynchronous circuit, and the results can be managed for each of the parts. In addition, specific information  320  of the part refers to circuit design information to be verified and outputs necessary pieces of information on the basis of the specific information  315  defined in the circuit part information  301 . 
         [0042]      FIG. 6  is a detailed flow chart of a style check process in the processing starting from detection of circuit part information to output of verification information. The flow chart shown in  FIG. 6  corresponds to the part extraction step in step S 105  or S 107  of the flow chart shown in  FIG. 2 . In step S 200 , the CPU  1003  described in more detail below extracts given circuit information  151  from circuit connection information  150 . In step S 201 , the CPU  1003  searches the library  105  in order to determine whether the same circuit part information is registered in the library  105 . If, in step S 202 , the CPU  1003  determines that the same circuit part information exists, the CPU  1003 , in step S 203 , extracts the specific information  320  from actual circuit information on the basis of the definitions in the circuit part information and generates the verification information  302 . However, if, in step S 202 , the CPU  1003  determines that the same circuit part information does not exist in the library  105 , the CPU  1003 , in step S 204 , extracts other circuit information of circuit connection information. In step S 201 , the CPU  1003  searches the library again. Subsequently, in step S 205 , the CPU  1003  extracts the style check item  313  defined in the circuit part information in the library  105 . In step S 206 , the CPU  1003  performs style checking on the specific information  320  written in the verification information  302  generated in step S 203 . The style check item  313  includes the severity of each of the items. After the style checking is performed in step S 206 , if the part is designed in accordance with the definitions of the library, the CPU  1003 , in step S 207 , outputs a message indicating that information as the style check result  318 . However, if the part is not designed in accordance with the definitions of the library, the CPU  1003 , in step S 207 , outputs a message indicating that information as the style check result  318  together with the severity level of the check item. By outputting the severity level of the check item together with a message, a designer can be informed of the risk level of a design that does not meet the requirements of the check item. In step S 208 , the CPU  1003  determines whether an unprocessed check item is present. If an unprocessed check item is present, the CPU  1003  performs the process in step S 206  again. However, an unprocessed check item is not present, the CPU  1003  completes the processing. 
         [0043]    An example of processing of the flow chart shown in  FIG. 6  is described next with reference to the circuit information  401  shown in  FIG. 1 . The circuit information  401  includes the selector  431  and the register  421 . A part indicated by the circuit part information having the same configuration is defined in the lowermost layer  201  shown in  FIG. 3  as the multiplexer  215 . Accordingly, the CPU  1003  assigns a part name “DMUX” to the circuit information  401  and outputs the verification information  302  on the basis of the circuit part information. As shown in  FIG. 5 , information items of the verification information  302  to be output are defined for each of pieces of the circuit part information. Therefore, the specific information  320  extracted from the actual circuit on the basis of the circuit part information  301  is output as the verification information  302 . The above-described processing for outputting the verification information  302  is performed by verification information extracting means  1003   c  shown in  FIG. 12  described below. For example, the following information items are output as verification information items of the extracted circuit information  401 : 
         [0044]    part type category: multiplexer 
         [0045]    part name: DMUX 
         [0046]    register clock: clock  462   
         [0047]    select input signal: connection-line- 453  propagation signal 
         [0048]    select signal bit width: 1 
         [0049]    select signal synchronization clock: clock  462   
         [0050]    data input signal: signal  460   
         [0051]    data input signal bit width: 32 
         [0052]    data input signal synchronization clock: clock  462   
         [0053]    data output signal: connection-line- 450  propagation signal 
         [0054]    data output signal bit width: 32 
         [0055]    data output signal synchronization clock: clock  462   
         [0056]    Furthermore, when outputting the verification information, the CPU  1003  extracts the style check item  313  of the circuit part information  215  shown in  FIG. 3  and performs style checking on the basis of the actual circuit information  401 . The CPU  1003  then outputs the style check result  318  as the verification information  302 . For example, if the style check item  313  of the circuit part information  215  defined in the library indicates that a data input signal is synchronized with a clock of a register, the CPU  1003  compares a clock supplied to a register that generates the data input signal with a clock supplied to a register of the circuit information to be verified. If the two clocks are the same, the CPU  1003  writes the result into the verification information  302  as the style check result  318 . Furthermore, the CPU  1003  outputs, into the verification information  302 , information indicating that the circuit information  401  has passed the verification. 
         [0057]    In addition, the CPU  1003  verifies the circuit information (the logic circuit)  402  and detects that the data input signal is synchronized with the clock signal  462  and that the register  426  is synchronized with the clock signal  463 . Accordingly, the CPU  1003  outputs information indicating that the clock of the logic circuit  402  is different from the clock of the circuit information  401  as the style check result  318  and the verification information  302 . Furthermore, the CPU  1003  outputs, as the verification information  302 , information indicating that the severity level in the verification result is a level that requires designer&#39;s confirmation. In this way, the designer easily monitors the verification result of the logic circuit of the asynchronous circuit, and therefore, the efficiency of verification can be improved. 
         [0058]    The logic indicated by the circuit part information (the multiplexer group)  211   a  is that a data input signal is output in synchronization with a register clock only for a period of time in which an input signal to a selector is effective. For example, if information indicating that a data input signal is not changed for a period of time in which a select input signal is effective is defined in the circuit part information (a multiplexer)  211   a  as a dynamic check item of the circuit information, that information is written in the verification information as dynamic check information of the asynchronous circuit. 
         [0059]    The circuit information (the logic circuit)  406  includes two registers: a register  427  and a register  428 . The asynchronous connection line (an input signal)  451  of the register  427  is output from a register  423 . The operating clocks of the register  423  and the register  427  are different. Accordingly, the circuit information  406  is extracted as lowermost-layer circuit part information  214  in the library shown in  FIG. 3 . As in the case of the circuit information  401 , the verification information  302  is output. For example, the following items are output as the verification information of the circuit information  401 : 
         [0060]    part type category: synchronizer 
         [0061]    part name: 2-DFF 
         [0062]    register clock: clock  463   
         [0063]    input signal: connection-line- 451  propagation signal 
         [0064]    input signal bit width: 1 
         [0065]    input signal synchronization clock: clock  462   
         [0066]    output signal: connection-line- 454  propagation signal 
         [0067]    output signal bit width: 1 
         [0068]    output signal synchronization clock: clock  462   
         [0069]    In addition, by registering information indicating that a combinational circuit is not present between two registers and that an connection line between the two registers has no branch as a style check item of the circuit part information (the synchronizer)  214   a , the CPU  1003  can output the verification result into the verification information as a style check result. In addition, in order for the circuit information  406  to operate as a synchronizer, a signal input from the asynchronous connection line  451  needs to be effective for at least two successive cycles of the clock signal  463 . Accordingly, the CPU  1003  acquires the assertion information from the circuit part information (synchronizer)  214   a  and outputs the assertion information into the verification information. In this way, the CPU  1003  can perform logic verification for the circuit information  406 . Furthermore, two or three cycles of variance range are present between a signal propagating in the asynchronous connection line  451  of the circuit information  406  and a signal propagating in an connection line  454  due to metastability. Such information is also acquired from the circuit part information  214   a  and is output as dynamic check information of the circuit information  406 . 
         [0070]    Subsequently, extraction of circuit information  403  is described next. The circuit information  403  does not include a register. Such a part is extracted as a combinational logic on the basis of the circuit part information (combinational circuit)  212   a , and the following verification information items are output: 
         [0071]    input signal  1 : signal  461   
         [0072]    synchronization clock of the input signal  1 : clock 
         [0073]    input signal  2 : connection-line- 456  propagation signal 
         [0074]    synchronization clock of the input signal  2 : clock 
         [0075]    In addition, the state of generating an output signal is output as verification information on the basis of the circuit part information  212   a . Similarly, verification information is output for other parts. 
         [0076]    As described above, by outputting the style verification result and dynamic verification information for each of the pieces of circuit information into the verification information, the efficiency of a style check operation for each of the pieces of circuit information can be improved. In addition, the efficiency of verification of the asynchronous circuit can be improved, since conditions for verifying the logic and operation of the entire asynchronous circuit can be defined. 
         [0077]      FIG. 7  illustrates the result of abstraction of the asynchronous circuit shown in  FIG. 1  by referring to the lowermost layer library. Pieces of verification information  501  to  509  abstracted on the basis of the lowermost layer part information of the library are shown in  FIG. 7 . Detection of the middle layer part information is performed by searching the middle layer of the library for part information that is the same as the circuit information, starting from the asynchronous path, in accordance with the flow shown in  FIG. 6  using the type of lowermost layer part information, a path between the pieces of lowermost layer part information, and path information about a clock domain (S 201 ). The CPU  1003  compares each of the circuits shown in  FIG. 7  with a part in the middle layer part information  202  in the library shown in  FIG. 3  so as to detect an area (circuit information)  511  as the circuit part information  221   a . The CPU  1003  assigns a name “DATA_Async_Path” to the area and outputs verification information. The CPU  1003  stores information acquired from the circuit part information  221   a  as verification information. In addition, the CPU  1003  outputs the coupling relationship between circuit information  501  and  502  of the circuit information  511  as verification information. The process of outputting the verification information is similar to that for the circuit information  401 . For example, the following information items are output as the extracted verification information relating to the circuit information  511 : 
         [0078]    part type category: data transfer asynchronous path 
         [0079]    part name: DATA_Async_Path 
         [0080]    input data signal: signal  460   
         [0081]    input data bit width: 32 
         [0082]    input data synchronization clock: clock  462   
         [0083]    input control signal: connection-line- 453  propagation signal 
         [0084]    input control signal bit width: 1 
         [0085]    input control signal synchronization clock: clock  462   
         [0086]    output data signal: signal  464   
         [0087]    output data bit width: 32 
         [0088]    output data synchronization clock: clock  463   
         [0089]    output control signal: connection-line- 454  propagation signal 
         [0090]    output control signal bit width: 1 
         [0091]    output control signal synchronization clock: clock 
         [0092]    transmission circuit information:  501   
         [0093]    reception circuit information:  502   
         [0094]    asynchronous connection line:  450   
         [0095]    Furthermore, the CPU  1003  outputs the result of verification performed in accordance with the style check items in the circuit part information  221   a  registered in the library as verification information. Suppose that one of the style check items of the circuit part information  221   a  defines that, for example, a combinational circuit is not used in a signal connection line. Although each of the transmission circuit information  501  and reception circuit information  502  includes a register, the combinational circuit includes no registers. Accordingly, if an connection line between logic circuits having registers includes, in the middle thereof, a logic circuit having no registers, the CPU  1003  determines that the logic circuit is a combinational circuit. In the present embodiment, since a combinational circuit is not present, that result is output into verification information. 
         [0096]      FIG. 8  illustrates an example of a circuit in which a combinational circuit is present in an asynchronous connection line. A combinational circuit  601  is located in a route between asynchronous connection lines  451   a  and  451   b . The combinational circuit  601  is controlled by a control signal  465  synchronized with the clock signal  462 . An output operation of verification information performed when a combinational circuit is present in an asynchronous connection line is described below with reference to  FIG. 8 . As shown in  FIG. 8 , when the combinational circuit  601  is located in a route between asynchronous connection lines  451   a  and  451   b , the CPU  1003  outputs that information as a style check result together with the severity. Even when the combinational circuit  601  is present, the circuit operates without any problem if a change in the control signal  465  does not occur during a data transfer sequence of an connection-line- 451   a  propagation signal. Accordingly, the severity level of the output verification information can be set to a low value. In this way, information indicating that no circuit design mistakes are found, but a combinational circuit is present can be output as verification information in order to give a warning to the designer. Thus, the efficiency of verification can be improved. 
         [0097]    Referring back to  FIG. 7 , suppose that, as dynamic check information about the circuit part information  221   a , information indicating that a select signal of the reception circuit part information  211   c  is a select signal of the transmission circuit part information  211   b  delivered using an asynchronous control transfer part is registered in the library. In this case, that information is output as verification information of this part. This verification information is not used in the layer of this layer. However, this information is useful when, in the upper layer, the connection relationship between the part and asynchronous control transfer circuit information (an area)  512  becomes clear. Accordingly, the CPU  1003  outputs this information into verification information as specific information. The area  512  and an area  513  are extracted in the same manner. 
         [0098]      FIG. 9  illustrates the result of abstraction of the asynchronous circuit shown in  FIG. 7  by referring to the middle layer circuit part information shown in  FIG. 3 . In  FIG. 9 , pieces of verification information (part information)  701  to  703  are extracted on the basis of the middle layer part information of the library. Detection of the upper layer part information  203  is performed by searching for the upper layer part information  203  that matches part information in accordance with the flow shown in  FIG. 2  using the type of part information, connection lines connecting parts, and clock domain information in the layers below the middle layer. The CPU  1003  examines a connection relationship between the part information  701  and the part information  702  using parameters written in the verification information. Thus, the CPU  1003  recognizes that an input control signal of the part information  701  is an input signal of the part information  702  and that an output control signal of the part information  701  is an output signal of the part information  702 . In addition, since the part information  701  is asynchronous data transfer part information and the part information  702  is asynchronous control transfer part information, the CPU  1003  compares each of the part information  701  and  702  with the upper layer part information in the library shown in  FIG. 4  so as to determine circuit part information that matches the circuit information shown in an area (circuit information)  711  is the circuit part information (control data transfer structure)  231   a  that is present in the upper layer of the library. The CPU  1003  assigns a name “DATA_Ctrl_Async_Path” to the detected area  711 . After the corresponding circuit part information is detected in the library, the CPU  1003  outputs the verification information  302  corresponding to the description in circuit part information  231  on the basis of  FIG. 5 . Information acquired from the circuit part information  231  is stored in the verification information. Output processing of the verification information is similar to that for the circuit information  401 . For example, the following items are stored as detected verification information about the circuit information  711 : 
         [0099]    part type category: control data transfer structure 
         [0100]    part name: DATA_Ctrl_Async_Path 
         [0101]    input data signal name: signal  460   
         [0102]    input data signal bit width: 32 
         [0103]    input data signal synchronization clock: clock  462   
         [0104]    input control signal name: connection 
         [0105]    line- 453  propagation signal 
         [0106]    input control signal bit width: 1 
         [0107]    input control signal synchronization clock: clock  462   
         [0108]    output data signal name: signal  464   
         [0109]    output data signal bit width:  32   
         [0110]    output data signal synchronization clock: clock  463   
         [0111]    output control signal name: connection-line- 454  propagation signal 
         [0112]    output control signal bit width: 1 
         [0113]    output control signal synchronization clock: clock  463   
         [0114]    lower layer part information (data)  1 :  701   
         [0115]    lower layer part information (control)  1 :  702   
         [0116]    After circuit part information in the upper layer is detected, the CPU  1003  verifies the items that are not able to be verified in the lower layers. For example, a connection relationship relating to the select signal of the circuit information  511  may not be verified in the middle layer shown in  FIG. 7 . However, it can be determined that an connection line  454  is connected to a part indicated by the part information  702  in the upper layer shown in  FIG. 9 . Accordingly, the CPU  1003  outputs this information as verification information. 
         [0117]    In addition, the asynchronous connection lines  450  and  451  of the circuit information  711  have the same signal propagation direction. Signals propagating in the connection lines  450  and  451  are output in synchronization with the clock signal  462  with a shift of zero cycle. When these signals are asynchronously transferred to the clock signal  463 , a cycle shift may occur. This variance range is generated as a cycle difference of the clock signal  463  starting from a change point of a signal propagating in the connection line  450  observed from a side of the clock signal  463  to when a signal propagating in the connection line  454  is effective. Such information is registered in the circuit part information. Upon outputting the verification information, the CPU  1003  refers to circuit part information  231   a  in the library and outputs the data into the verification information as coverage information, which is dynamic check information of circuit part information. 
         [0118]    The search in further upper layers continues until no more upper layers are present. In  FIG. 9 , a signal propagating in the connection line  454  synchronized with the clock signal  463  output from the part information  702  is used for generating a signal propagating in an connection line  455  via the register  509 . In addition, using the circuit information  703 , this signal is subjected to asynchronous crossing to the asynchronous connection line  452  synchronized with the clock signal  462 . A signal propagating in an connection line  456  is used for generating a signal propagating in an connection line  453  via circuit information  704  and  705 . Since this structure is a structure in which a control signal travels back and force in an asynchronous path using circuit information for a control signal, the CPU  1003  can determine that circuit information  712  has a structure the same as the handshake structure  241  in the uppermost layer. The output processing of the verification information is performed in a similar manner to that for the circuit information  401 . For example, the following items are stored as detected verification information about the circuit information  712 : 
         [0119]    part type category: handshake structure 
         [0120]    part name: DATA_HandShake_Part 
         [0121]    input data signal name: signal  460   
         [0122]    input data signal bit width: 32 
         [0123]    input data signal synchronization clock: clock  462   
         [0124]    input control signal name: signal  461   
         [0125]    input control signal bit width: 1 
         [0126]    input control signal synchronization clock: clock  462   
         [0127]    output data signal name: signal  464   
         [0128]    output data signal bit width: 32 
         [0129]    output data signal synchronization clock: clock  463   
         [0130]    lower layer circuit information (forward path)  1 :  711   
         [0131]    lower layer circuit information (return path)  1 :  703   
         [0132]    If an asynchronous circuit structure is identified, the operational requirements that the asynchronous circuit structure should meet are determined. By outputting assertion information with which the operation is monitored as verification information on the basis of the circuit part information registered in the library, it can be determined whether an input for which the asynchronous circuit structure may not assure the operation in asynchronous verification, such as logic verification simulation, is received from nearby synchronous circuits. As used herein, the term “assertion information” refers to definitions of conditions that should be established between an input signal and an output signal of a logic circuit. Examples of a language for defining assertion information include PSL (Property Specification Language) and SVA (System Verilog Assertion). 
         [0133]      FIG. 10  illustrates an example of assertion information about the circuit information  712  written using PSL, which is an assertion language. In  FIG. 10 , a signal STB_CDC propagates in the asynchronous connection line  451 , and a signal RDY_CDC propagates in the connection line  452 . In  FIG. 10 , assertion information about signals other than the signals STB_CDC and RDY_CDC is defined when the signals propagating in the asynchronous connection lines  451  and  452  are effective. A signal STB_SYNC propagates in the connection line  454 , and a signal RDY_PRE propagates in the connection line  455 . By registering such descriptions in the library, the CPU  1003  can detect corresponding asynchronous circuit part information and output the detected asynchronous circuit part information into the verification information as dynamic check information of the circuit part information. In this way, assertion information appropriate for the asynchronous circuit structure can be provided, and therefore, verification of an asynchronous circuit can be efficiently performed. 
         [0134]    The circuit part information (handshake structure)  241  shown in  FIG. 4  is a minimum unit of an asynchronous logic structure having the asynchronous operation thereof that does not affect other logic circuits. By registering information indicating that the asynchronous circuit is a minimum unit as circuit information of the circuit part information  241 , the CPU  1003  can output such information as verification information. In this way, a designer can clarify the verification range of the asynchronous circuit, and therefore, the verification efficiency of a circuit can be increased. 
         [0135]      FIG. 11  illustrates a connection relationship between verification information in the layers extracted according to the present embodiment. In  FIG. 11 , verification information  910  to  922  located in a lowermost layer  901 , a middle layer  902 , an upper layer  903 , and the uppermost layer  904  include their own pointers, that is, addresses corresponding to the verification information. The string “Cat.” written in these pieces of verification information indicates a part type category. The string “Name” indicates a part name. Lines between these pieces of verification information indicate an address reference relationship. For example, by adding address information (pointers) about the lowermost layer part information (the verification information)  910  and  911  to a part component of the middle layer part information  918 , a coupling relationship between the verification information can be clarified. As described above, by defining a coupling relationship between the verification information in the upper and lower layers in addition to circuit part information in each layer, a designer can recognize a whole structure of the asynchronous circuit, and therefore, verification of the asynchronous circuit can be efficiently performed. 
         [0136]      FIG. 12  illustrates an exemplary hardware configuration of a computer. A computer includes a display unit  1001 , input means  1002 , the CPU  1003 , a random access memory (RAM)  1004 , an image processing unit  1005 , and a storage unit  1007 . These components are connected with each other via a bus  1006 . In addition, an asynchronous verification program  1008 , a library  1009 , verification information  1010 , and circuit connection information  1011  to be verified are stored in the storage unit  1007 . 
         [0137]    By executing the asynchronous verification program  1008  on the computer having such a hardware configuration, circuit connection line detecting means  1003   a , part information detecting means  1003   b , and verification information extracting means  1003   c  are generated by the CPU  1003 . The circuit connection line detecting means  1003   a  executes the process in step S 104  shown in  FIG. 2 . The part information detecting means  1003   b  and the verification information extracting means  1003   c  execute the processes in steps S 105  and S 107  shown in  FIG. 2 . 
         [0138]    The asynchronous verification program  1008  that describes the details of processing can be recorded in a computer-readable recording medium. Examples of the computer-readable recording medium include a magnetic recording unit, an optical disk, and a semiconductor memory. 
         [0139]    In order to distribute the program, for example, removable recording media, such as digital versatile discs (DVDs) and compact disk-read only memories (CD-ROMs), for storing the program are used. Alternatively, the program may be stored in a storage unit of a server computer, and the server computer may transfer the program to other computers. 
         [0140]    As described above, according to the present technique, the asynchronous circuit verification method and the asynchronous circuit verification program can detect an asynchronous circuit and abstract the asynchronous circuit as a part by referring the library in a style check phase after logic synthesis is performed. Subsequently, style check items and dynamic check information for each part are output as verification information. As a result, verification of the operation between asynchronous paths can be performed, and therefore, the efficiency of verification of an asynchronous circuit and the accuracy of verification can be improved. 
         [0141]      FIG. 13  illustrates the occurrence of an unstable period of an output signal due to metastability of an asynchronous path. Reference numerals  1101  to  1103  represent registers. Reference numerals  1151   a  to  1153   a  represent signals propagating between the registers. Reference numerals  1154   a  to  1155   a  represent asynchronous clocks having different cycles and phases. Reference numeral  1154   b  represents the waveform of the clock  1154   a , reference numeral  1151   b  represents the waveform of the signal  1151   a , reference numeral  1155   b  represents the waveform of the clock  1155   a , reference numeral  1152   b  represents the waveform of the signal  1152   a , and reference numerals  1153   b  and  1153   c  represent the waveforms that possibly occur in the signal  1153   a.  As shown by the waveform diagram in  FIG. 13 , when the rises of the waveforms  1154   b  and  1155   b  occur at substantially the same timing point, the output signal  1152   a  of the register  1102  becomes unstable, as shown by the waveform  1152   b . In this case, the timing of the output signal  1153   a  from the register  1103  may be represented by the waveform  1153   b  or  1153   c  depending on whether the register  1103  determines that the output signal  1152   a  from the register  1102  has a high level at a time T 1  or T 2 . 
         [0142]      FIG. 14  illustrates the case where such an asynchronous path causes a problem. Reference numerals  1201  to  1204  represent registers. Reference numeral  1205  represents an AND circuit. Reference numerals  1250   a  to  1253   a  represent the output signals of the registers  1201  to  1204 , respectively. Reference numerals  1270  and  1271  represent asynchronous circuits. Clocks  1254   a  and  1255   a  are asynchronous clocks having different cycles and phases. Reference numeral  1256   a  represents the output signal of the AND circuit  1205 . A waveform  1254   b  represents the clock  1254   a . A waveform  1250   b  represents the signal  1250   a.  A waveform  1251   b  represents the signal  1251   a . A waveform  1255   b  represents the clock  1255   a . A waveform  1252   b  represents the signal  1252   a . A waveform  1253   b  represents the signal  1253   a.  As a result of metastability, the phase of the output signal  1252   a  from the register  1202  is shifted from the phase of the output signal  1253   a  from the register  1204 , as in the case of the waveform  1252   b  and the waveform  1253   b . At that time, a pulse  1263  is unintentionally output in a waveform  1256   b  of an output signal of the AND circuit  1205 . The unintended pulse  1263  may cause a circuit to operate incorrectly. If a coupling relationship between asynchronous circuits is unknown, performance of verification is required under the assumption that one asynchronous circuit is related to all of the other asynchronous circuits. This requirement increases the verification time of an asynchronous circuit and decreases the accuracy of the verification. 
         [0143]    The present embodiment is applied to circuits shown in  FIG. 14 . Verification information about asynchronous circuits  1270  and  1271  shown in  FIG. 14  is output by referring to the circuit part information thereof. Furthermore, circuit part information in the upper layer is referenced. If matched circuit part information is registered in the library, a relationship between the two asynchronous circuits  1270  and  1271  is output as verification information. More specifically, signals  1250  and  1251  are transferred to the registers  1202  and  1204  operating with a clock  1255   a  so as to become signals  1252   a  and  1253   a.  Accordingly, the CPU  1003  generates, as verification information, coverage information indicating that a period difference between the signals  1252   a  and  1253   a  may be one of the following three values: −1, 0, and +1 when the clock  1255   a  is input. 
         [0144]      FIG. 15  illustrates the above-described three period differences using time-varying waveforms. A time-varying waveform  1301  represents a waveform when the signal  1253   a  is behind the signal  1252   a  by one cycle. A time-varying waveform  1302  represents a waveform when the signals  1252   a  and  1253   a  have the same timing. A time-varying waveform represents a waveform when the signal  1253   a  is ahead of the signal  1252   a  by one cycle. 
         [0145]    As described above, by using verification information including signal propagation timing requirements between asynchronous paths for timing verification, the efficiency and the accuracy of verification of a logic circuit including an asynchronous circuit can be improved.

Technology Classification (CPC): 6