Patent Abstract:
A lawn or patio umbrella with an integral lighting system that utilizes cold cathode ray tubes, light emitting diodes (LED&#39;s), or florescent lights, to provide relatively bright outdoor light for reading and other activities that require relatively high light intensities is provided. In one embodiment, a modular, electrically powered lawn or patio umbrella in which lighting systems, such as those utilizing cold cathode tubes, LED&#39;s, or florescent lights; cooling systems, such as those utilizing electric fans or misting systems; and motorized retraction systems; can be selectively interchanged is provided.

Full Description:
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/068,424, filed 7 Feb. 2002, titled “Umbrella Apparatus,” which issued on 2 Sep. 2003 under U.S. Pat. No. 6,612,713, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/267,018, filed 7 Feb. 2001, titled “Lighted Patio Umbrella Apparatus;” and of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/335,933, filed 2 Nov. 2001, titled “Outdoor Lighting Systems with Cold Cathode Tubes.” 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates in general to patio umbrellas, and in particular, to an improved patio umbrella with integral lighting system and other modular electronic systems and components. 
     2. Description of the Prior Art 
     There has been a recent increase in the interest in entertaining in a lawn and garden environment. Patio furniture is quite popular and useful for outdoor entertaining, especially in portions of the country that have warmer climates. However, the sun often presents an impediment to such outdoor entertaining. Consequently, sales have increased for relatively large patio and table umbrellas for use in shielding or shading table areas and people sitting around the tables from direct exposure to the sunlight. Given the relatively high degree of interest in patio umbrellas, it is likely that improved umbrellas, or umbrellas with enhanced functions, will be well received in the marketplace. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is one objective of the present invention to provide a lawn or patio umbrella with an integral lighting system that utilizes cold cathode tubes, light emitting diodes (LED&#39;s), or florescent lights, to provide relatively bright outdoor light for reading and other activities that require relatively high light intensities. 
     It is another objective of the present invention to provide an a lawn or patio umbrella with an integral lighting system that utilizes cold cathode tubes, LED&#39;s, or florescent lights, to provide relatively bright outdoor light, and its own rechargeable power supply, including solar cells. 
     It is yet another objective of the present invention to provide a lawn or patio umbrella with an integral lighting system that utilizes cold cathode tubes, LED&#39;s, or florescent lights, to provide relatively bright outdoor light, and a motorized retraction system that aids in opening and closing the umbrella. 
     It is yet another objective of the present invention to provide a lawn or patio umbrella with an integral lighting system that utilizes cold cathode tubes, LED&#39;s, or florescent lights, to provide relatively bright outdoor light, and a cooling system, such as one that utilizes electric fans or misting systems. 
     It is yet another objective of the present invention to provide a modular, electrically powered lawn or patio umbrella in which lighting systems, such as those utilizing cold cathode tubes, LED&#39;s, or florescent lights; cooling systems, such as those utilizing electric fans or misting systems; and motorized retraction systems; can be selectively interchanged. 
     The above objects are achieved, for example, by integrating a rechargeable power system, a lighting system, a motorized retraction system, and/or a cooling system into a relatively large patio umbrella. The resulting umbrella does not have to be connected to a household electrical system, is a relatively low power consuming device, does not generate much heat, provides a high amount of light intensity, reduces the overall energy consumption of outdoor lighting, allows for fewer batteries to be utilized in each lighting fixture, allows for easier recharging of the batteries due to the lower power requirements, and allows the utilization of smaller photovoltaic solar cells. 
     In the embodiment that utilizes a cold cathode tube, one additional advantage is that the cold cathode tube may be operated at multiple voltage levels to provide differing amounts of light output. In one particular embodiment, a wireless receiver and transmitter pair may be utilized to allow an operator to use a wireless command signal to change the operating state of the lighting system, such as switching the system between an on and off condition, and switching the system between varying levels of light output. Accordingly, an operator may intensify the light output from the lighting system through use of a wireless handheld transmitter when he wants additional light from a particular umbrella. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The novel features believed characteristic of the invention are set forth in the appended claims. However, the invention itself, as well as a preferred mode of use and further objectives and advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment when read in conjunction with the following drawings. 
         FIG. 1  is a fragmentary and sectional view of the preferred embodiment of the lighted umbrella with motorized opening and closing system according to the present invention. 
         FIGS. 2A ,  2 B, and  2 C are pictorial, fragmentary, and section views of an alternate embodiment of the present invention which is directed to a lighted umbrella with a stand and a single battery and removable base cover. 
         FIGS. 3A ,  3 B, and  3 C are pictorial, fragmentary, and partial section views of another alternate embodiment of the present invention which is directed to a lighted umbrella with a stand, charger, batteries, and removable battery cover. 
         FIG. 4A  is a fragmentary and sectional view of another alternate embodiment of the present invention which is directed to a lighted umbrella with recessed lighting. 
         FIG. 4B  is a fragmentary and sectional view of another alternate embodiment of the present invention which is directed to a lighted umbrella with integral misting system. 
         FIG. 4C  is a fragmentary and sectional view of another alternate embodiment of the present invention which is directed to a lighted umbrella with an integral fan system. 
         FIG. 5A  is a block diagram representation of the motorized opening and closing system of the umbrella of  FIG. 1  and of the other embodiments of the umbrella of the present invention. 
         FIG. 5B  is a block diagram representation of an alternate embodiment of the motorized opening and closing system of  FIG. 5A . 
         FIG. 6  is a simplified schematic of an alternative embodiment of the present invention which is directed to a lighted umbrella with a top-mounted power unit and a cold cathode tube lighting system. 
         FIG. 7  is a simplified schematic of an alternative embodiment of the present invention which is directed to an umbrella with a top-mounted power unit and an electric fan cooling system. 
         FIG. 8  is a simplified view of an alternative embodiment of the present invention which is directed to an umbrella with a top-mounted power unit and a mist producing cooling system. 
         FIG. 9  is a simplified schematic of an alternate embodiment of the present invention that is directed to an umbrella with a top-mounted power unit and a motorized opening and closing system. 
         FIG. 10  is a schematic of one broad implementation of the present invention. 
         FIG. 11  is a block diagram representation of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Referring to  FIG. 1  in the drawings, one embodiment of an umbrella apparatus according to the present invention is illustrated. Umbrella apparatus  11  includes an umbrella portion  13  and a hollow tubular pole portion  15 . Pole portion  15  is coupled to and supports umbrella portion  13 . Umbrella portion  13  is preferably retractable and may be moved between a raised, or expanded open position, which is shown; and a lowered, or retracted, closed position in which umbrella portion is collapsed down about pole portion  15 , as is conventional. A flexible canopy  17  is attached to and covers umbrella portion  15 . Canopy  17  is supported by a plurality of rib members  19 ,  21 ,  23 , and  25 . Rib members  19 ,  21 ,  23 , and  25  are preferably hingedly coupled to pole portion  15  at an upper portion of pole portion  15 . An integral lighting system  26  is carried by at least one of rib members  19 ,  21 ,  23 , or  25 . Lighting system  26  provides high intensity light to umbrella apparatus  11  and the surrounding area. In the embodiment of  FIG. 1 , lighting system  26  preferably utilizes a cold cathode tube which will be described in greater detail herein. 
     Umbrella apparatus  11  may include a base member adapted to receive pole portion  15  and to support umbrella apparatus  11  in a generally upright position. Although not shown in the embodiment  FIG. 1 , other embodiments of the present invention depict a variety of conventional and novel base members, any of which may be utilized with the embodiment of  FIG. 1 . It should be understood that in all of the embodiments of the present invention discussed herein, umbrella apparatus  11  may be used with little or no base member whatsoever, provided there is a table or some other support structure, including the ground, which may be adapted to receive pole portion  15 . For example, many patio tables are designed with central apertures to receive, support, and stabilize relatively large umbrellas. In some cases, the patio tables eliminate the need for a base member all together. 
     In accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention, light system  26  includes a plurality of light strands  27 ,  29 ,  31 , and  33  attached to rib members  19 ,  21 ,  23 , and  25 . Each light strand  27 ,  29 ,  31 , and  33  includes electrical wiring  39  which conductively connects a plurality of small cold cathode tube light bulbs together for providing the high intensity light under canopy  17  and in the area surrounding umbrella apparatus  11 . A wiring ring  37  secures and locates electrical wiring  39  of light strands  27 ,  29 ,  31 , and  33 , so that electrical wiring  39  may be passed through the hollow interior of pole portion  15  to a power source, as will be described in detail below. 
     Umbrella apparatus  11  includes an optional opening and closing system  40  that aids in expanding umbrella portion  13  into the open condition and retracting umbrella portion  13  into the closed condition. Opening and closing system  40  includes a cable system  41 , a gear and pulley system  43  housed in a crank case  44 , and a manual crank  45 . Crank case  44  is preferably located on pole portion  15  such that crank case  44  is accessible when umbrella portion  13  is in the fully retracted position against pole portion  15 . Cable system  41  is coupled between rib members  19 ,  21 ,  23 , and  25  and gear and pulley system  43 , and is preferably disposed within the hollow interior of pole portion  15 . Manual crank  45  is coupled to gear and pulley system  43  so as to allow manual opening and closing of umbrella portion  13 . 
     Opening and closing system  40  may be automated by the inclusion of an electric screw driver motor  49 , or other similar relatively small diameter motor assembly, and one or more operational switches  47 . Motor  49  is preferably disposed within the hollow interior of pole portion  15  and is coupled to gear and pulley system  43 . Operational switches  47  are preferably carried by crank case  44 , and include one or more switches for controlling the operation of motor  49 . With the inclusion of motor  49 , a user may expand and retract umbrella portion  13  simply by pressing the appropriate operational switch  47 . This feature is particularly advantageous when used with large umbrellas which may be relatively heavy and awkward to operate, or when the user lacks sufficient strength to expand or retract umbrella portion  13 . 
     Umbrella apparatus  11  includes a power system  50  having a power source  55 . In this embodiment, power source  55  is preferably disposed in the hollow interior of pole portion  15  at a lower extremity and comprises one or more rechargeable batteries  55   a . A releasable end cap  57  having integral ground connectors is provided at the lowermost portion of pole portion  15  to complete the electrical circuit of power system  50  and to allow access to rechargeable batteries  55   a , as rechargeable batteries  55   a  may have to be periodically replaced. Power system  50  provides electrical power to lighting system  26  and opening and closing system  40 . An external power system charger  51  is electrically coupled to power system  50  to aid in repeatedly charging rechargeable batteries  55   a . As is shown in  FIG. 1 , an external adapter  60  may be provided. External adapter  60  includes a relatively small plug  59  that is adapted to be conductively received by external power system charger  51 , an extension cord  61 , an electrical transformer  63 , and terminals  65  that allow transformer  63  to be plugged into a conventional AC wall outlet. This allows power system charger  51  to receive power directly from a conventional AC wall outlet in order to recharge rechargeable batteries  55   a.    
     In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an alternative power system charger  62  may be provided. Alternate power system charger  62  includes at least one solar cell  35  carried by an upper cap portion  64 . Solar cells  35  are conductively coupled to power system charger  51  via wires (not shown) that pass through the hollow interior of pole portion  15 , thereby allowing solar cells  35  to provide an electrical charge to recharge rechargeable batteries  55   a , provided sunlight falls upon solar cells  35 . Because solar cells  35  provide continuous recharging throughout the daylight hours, the amount and frequency of charging power system  50  with external power system charger  60  may be minimized. It is important to note that locating alternate power system charger  62  atop umbrella portion  13  is unique and advantageous, particularly when alternate power system charger  62  includes solar cells  35  or other types of solar energy collectors. Such location limits the visibility of alternate power system charger  62  and ensures that solar energy collection is maximized. 
     The embodiment depicted in  FIG. 1  is advantageous over the prior art in that it provides a number of useful functions. Umbrella apparatus  11  is lighted by lighting system  26  which does not require continuous access to a conventional AC wall outlet, while providing high intensity light. This allows umbrella apparatus  11  to be placed in a relatively remote lawn or garden locations that are away from, or substantially removed from, conventional AC power outlets. During daylight hours, solar cells  35  provide a continuous trickle charge to recharge rechargeable batteries  55   a , thereby reducing the need for and frequency of use of external power system charger  60 . However, when an electrical charge is needed, external power system charger  60  may be utilized to directly charge power system charger  51 . Of course, a conventional extension cord may be used, thereby eliminating the need to move umbrella apparatus  11  from its remote location to a location near an AC power outlet. 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 2A-2C  in the drawings, another embodiment of the present invention is illustrated. In this embodiment, an umbrella apparatus  111  includes an umbrella portion  113 , a pole portion  115 , a stand portion  118 , and a base portion  120  adapted to house a rechargeable power system  151 . Umbrella apparatus  11  includes a lighting system  126  and may include a motorized opening and closing system  140 . Umbrella portion  113  is preferably retractable and may be moved between a raised, or expanded open position, which is shown; and a lowered, or retracted, closed position in which umbrella portion is collapsed down about pole portion  115 , as is conventional. A flexible canopy  117  is attached to and covers umbrella portion  115 . Canopy  117  is supported by a plurality of rib members  119 ,  121 ,  123 , and  125 . Rib members  119 ,  121 ,  123 , and  125  are preferably hingedly coupled to pole portion  115  at an upper portion of pole portion  115 . An integral lighting system  126  is carried by at least one of rib members  119 ,  121 ,  123 , or  125 . Lighting system  126  provides high intensity light to umbrella apparatus  111  and the surrounding area. In the embodiment of  FIGS. 2A-2C , lighting system  126  preferably utilizes a cold cathode tube which will be described in greater detail herein. 
     Lighting system  126  includes a plurality of light strands  127 ,  129 ,  131 , and  133  attached to rib members  119 ,  121 ,  123 , and  125 . Each light strand  127 ,  129 ,  131 , and  133  includes electrical wiring  139  which conductively couples a plurality of small cold cathode tube light bulbs together for providing the high intensity light under canopy  117  and in the area surrounding umbrella apparatus  111 . A wiring ring  137  secures and locates electrical wiring  139  of light strands  127 ,  129 ,  131 , and  133 , so that electrical wiring  139  may be passed through the hollow interior of pole portion  115  to a power source, as will be described in detail below. 
     Umbrella apparatus  111  includes an optional opening and closing system  140  that aids in expanding umbrella portion  113  into the open condition and retracting umbrella portion  113  into the closed condition. Opening and closing system  140  includes a cable system  141 , a gear and pulley system  143  housed in a crank case  144 , and a manual crank  145 . Crank case  144  is preferably located on pole portion  115  such that crank case  144  is accessible when umbrella portion  113  is in the fully retracted position against pole portion  115 . Cable system  141  is coupled between rib members  119 ,  121 ,  123 , and  125  and gear and pulley system  143 , and is preferably disposed within the hollow interior of pole portion  115 . Manual crank  145  is coupled to gear and pulley system  143  so as to allow manual opening and closing of umbrella portion  113 . 
     Opening and closing system  140  may be automated by the inclusion of an electric screw driver motor  149 , or other similar relatively small diameter motor assembly, and one or more operational switches  147 . Motor  149  is preferably disposed within the hollow interior of pole portion  115  and is coupled to gear and pulley system  143 . Operational switches  147  are preferably carried by crank case  144 , and include one or more switches for controlling the operation of motor  149 . With the inclusion of motor  149 , a user may expand and retract umbrella portion  113  simply by pressing the appropriate operational switch  147 . This feature is particularly advantageous when used with large umbrellas which may be relatively heavy and awkward to operate, or when the user lacks sufficient strength to expand or retract umbrella portion  113 . 
     Umbrella apparatus  111  includes a power system  150  having a power source  155 . In this embodiment, power source  155  is preferably adapted to be conductively coupled to base portion  120  and comprises a rechargeable battery pack  155   a , preferably an 18-Volt rechargeable battery pack. Battery pack  155   a  is preferably the type of rechargeable battery that is utilized with most modern cordless power tools, such as drills, saws, and sanders. Battery pack  155   a  is adapted to be repeatedly recharged by plugging battery pack  155   a  into a conventional charger (not shown) that is plugged into a conventional AC power outlet. Power system  150  provides electrical power to lighting system  126  and opening and closing system  140 . 
     In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an alternative power system charger  162  may be provided. Alternate power system charger  162  includes at least one solar cell  135  carried by an upper cap portion  164 . Solar cells  135  are conductively coupled to power system  150  via wires (not shown) that pass through the hollow interior of pole portion  115 , thereby allowing solar cells  135  to provide an electrical charge to recharge rechargeable battery pack  155   a , provided sunlight falls upon solar cells  135 . Because solar cells  135  provide continuous recharging throughout the daylight hours, the frequency with which battery pack  155   a  must be replaced or recharged may be minimized. It is important to note that locating alternate power system charger  162  atop umbrella portion  113  is unique and advantageous, particularly when alternate power system charger  162  includes solar cells  135  or other types of solar energy collectors. Such location limits the visibility of alternate power system charger  162  and ensures that solar energy collection is maximized. 
     Stand portion  118  includes an upright shaft portion  170  having a central aperture  172  that is adapted to receive the pole portion  115  of umbrella apparatus  111 . A plurality of screw clamps  174  and  176  are provided to secure pole portion  115  within shaft portion  170 . A bottom portion  146  is provided to stabilize umbrella apparatus  111  while umbrella apparatus  111  is installed within stand portion  118 . 
     Base portion  120  includes a removable cylindrical sleeve  156 , a removable cover  160 , and a receiver  168 . Sleeve  156  is configured to slip over the exterior of shaft portion  170 , and includes a longitudinal slot  158  that allows access to screw clamps  174  and  176  when sleeve  156  is placed over shaft portion  170 . Slot  158  also allows access to a connector  166  disposed in the lower portion of pole portion  115  when sleeve  156  is placed over shaft portion  170 . Connector  166  is conductively coupled to the wires from alternate power system charger  162  and solar cells  135 . Cover  160  is preferably concave in shape, thereby defining an interior space which may be used to house the electronics (not shown) of power system  150 . Cover  160  may include one or more seams  163  that allow access to the interior space defined by cover  160 . Receiver  168  releasably receives battery pack  155   a . A wire  152  and plug  154  conductively couple battery pack  155   a  to connector  166 , thereby providing an electrical circuit between rechargeable battery pack  155   a  and light strands  119 ,  121 ,  123 , and  125  of lighting system  126 . 
     The embodiment depicted in  FIGS. 2A-2C  is advantageous over the prior art in that it provides a number of useful functions. Umbrella apparatus  111  is lighted by lighting system  126  which does not require continuous access to a conventional AC wall outlet, while providing high intensity light. This allows umbrella apparatus  111  to be placed in a relatively remote lawn or garden locations that are away from, or substantially removed from, conventional AC power outlets. During daylight hours, solar cells  135  provide a continuous trickle charge to recharge rechargeable battery pack  155   a , thereby reducing the frequency with which battery pack  155   a  must be replaced or recharged. Additionally, this embodiment is advantageous over the prior art in that conventional rechargeable battery packs, which are commonly used with cordless power tools, may be utilized. If battery pack  155   a  is insufficiently charged illuminate light strands  119 ,  121 ,  123 , and  125  of light system  126 , the user may simply replace battery pack  155   a  with another fully charged battery pack  155   a . In this manner, lighting system  126  of umbrella apparatus  111  may be energized conveniently, even though umbrella apparatus  111  may be located extremely remotely from an AC power outlet, such as in a garden patio, or on a boat dock. In this embodiment, there is no need to use extension cords to charge an alternate power system charger. 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 3A-3C  in the drawings, another embodiment of the present invention is illustrated. In this embodiment, an umbrella apparatus  211  includes an umbrella portion  213 , a pole portion  215 , a stand portion  218 , and a base portion  220  adapted to house a rechargeable power system  251 . Umbrella apparatus  211  includes a lighting system  226  and may include a motorized opening and closing system  240 . Umbrella portion  213  is preferably retractable and may be moved between a raised, or expanded open position, which is shown; and a lowered, or retracted, closed position in which umbrella portion is collapsed down about pole portion  215 , as is conventional. A flexible canopy  217  is attached to and covers umbrella portion  215 . Canopy  217  is supported by a plurality of rib members  219 ,  221 ,  223 , and  225 . Rib members  219 ,  221 ,  223 , and  225  are preferably hingedly coupled to pole portion  215  at an upper portion of pole portion  215 . An integral lighting system  226  is carried by at least one of rib members  219 ,  221 ,  223 , or  225 . Lighting system  226  provides high intensity light to umbrella apparatus  211  and the surrounding area. In the embodiment of  FIGS. 3A-3C , lighting system  226  preferably utilizes a cold cathode tube which will be described in greater detail herein. 
     Lighting system  226  includes a plurality of light strands  227 ,  229 ,  231 , and  233  attached to rib members  219 ,  221 ,  223 , and  225 . Each light strand  227 ,  229 ,  231 , and  233  includes electrical wiring  239  which conductively couples a plurality of small cold cathode tube light bulbs together for providing the high intensity light under canopy  217  and in the area surrounding umbrella apparatus  211 . A wiring ring  237  secures and locates electrical wiring  239  of light strands  227 ,  229 ,  231 , and  233 , so that electrical wiring  239  may be passed through the hollow interior of pole portion  215  to a power source, as will be described in detail below. 
     Umbrella apparatus  211  includes an optional opening and closing system  240  that aids in expanding umbrella portion  213  into the open condition and retracting umbrella portion  213  into the closed condition. Opening and closing system  240  includes a cable system  241 , a gear and pulley system  243  housed in a crank case  244 , and a manual crank  245 . Crank case  244  is preferably located on pole portion  215  such that crank case  244  is accessible when umbrella portion  213  is in the fully retracted position against pole portion  215 . Cable system  241  is coupled between rib members  219 ,  221 ,  223 , and  225  and gear and pulley system  243 , and is preferably disposed within the hollow interior of pole portion  215 . Manual crank  245  is coupled to gear and pulley system  243  so as to allow manual opening and closing of umbrella portion  213 . 
     Opening and closing system  240  may be automated by the inclusion of an electric screw driver motor  249 , or other similar relatively small diameter motor assembly, and one or more operational switches  247 . Motor  249  is preferably disposed within the hollow interior of pole portion  215  and is coupled to gear and pulley system  243 . Operational switches  247  are preferably carried by crank case  244 , and include one or more switches for controlling the operation of motor  249 . With the inclusion of motor  249 , a user may expand and retract umbrella portion  213  simply by pressing the appropriate operational switch  247 . This feature is particularly advantageous when used with large umbrellas which may be relatively heavy and awkward to operate, or when the user lacks sufficient strength to expand or retract umbrella portion  213 . 
     Umbrella apparatus  211  includes a power system  250  having a rechargeable power source  255 . In this embodiment, power source  255  is preferably adapted to be conductively coupled to and hosed within base portion  220  and comprises a bundle of rechargeable batteries  255   a . Power system  250  provides electrical power to lighting system  226  and opening and closing system  240 . An external power system charger and transformer  251  is electrically coupled to power system  250  to aid in repeatedly charging rechargeable batteries  255   a . An extension cord  261  having terminals  265  allow external power system charger and transformer  251  to be plugged into a conventional AC wall outlet. This allows external power system charger and transformer  251  to receive power directly from a conventional AC wall outlet in order to recharge rechargeable batteries  255   a.    
     In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an alternative power system charger  262  may be provided. Alternate power system charger  262  includes at least one solar cell  235  carried by an upper cap portion  264 . Solar cells  235  are conductively coupled to power system  250  via wires (not shown) that pass through the hollow interior of pole portion  215 , thereby allowing solar cells  235  to provide an electrical charge to recharge rechargeable batteries  255   a , provided sunlight falls upon solar cells  235 . Because solar cells  235  provide continuous recharging throughout the daylight hours, the frequency with which batteries  255   a  must be replaced or recharged may be minimized. It is important to note that locating alternate power system charger  262  atop umbrella portion  213  is unique and advantageous, particularly when alternate power system charger  262  includes solar cells  235  or other types of solar energy collectors. Such location limits the visibility of alternate power system charger  262  and ensures that solar energy collection is maximized. 
     Stand portion  218  includes an upright shaft portion  270  having a central aperture  272  that is adapted to receive pole portion  215  of umbrella apparatus  211 . A plurality of screw clamps  274  and  276  are provided to secure pole portion  215  within shaft portion  270 . A bottom portion  246  is provided to stabilize umbrella apparatus  211  while umbrella apparatus  211  is installed within stand portion  218 . 
     Base portion  220  includes a removable cylindrical sleeve  256 , a removable cover  260 , and recessed portions  280  and  282 . Sleeve  256  is configured to slip over the exterior of shaft portion  270 , and includes a longitudinal slot  258  that allows access to screw clamps  274  and  276  when sleeve  256  is placed over shaft portion  270 . Slot  258  also allows access to a connector  266  disposed in the lower portion of pole portion  215  when sleeve  256  is placed over shaft portion  270 . Connector  266  is conductively coupled to the wires from alternate power system charger  262  and solar cells  235 . Cover  260  is preferably concave in shape, thereby defining an interior space which may be used to house the electronics (not shown) of power system  250 . Cover  260  may include one or more seams  263  that allow access to the interior space defined by cover  260 . Recessed portion  280  releasably receives batteries  255   a , and recessed portion  282  releasably receives external power system charger  251 . A wire  252  and plug  254  conductively couple batteries  255   a  to connector  266 , thereby providing an electrical circuit between rechargeable batteries  255   a  and light strands  219 ,  221 ,  223 , and  225  of lighting system  226 . 
     The embodiment depicted in  FIGS. 3A-3C  is advantageous over the prior art in that it provides a number of useful functions. Umbrella apparatus  211  is lighted by lighting system  226  which does not require continuous access to a conventional AC wall outlet, while providing high intensity light. This allows umbrella apparatus  211  to be placed in a relatively remote lawn or garden locations that are away from, or substantially removed from, conventional AC power outlets. During daylight hours, solar cells  235  provide a continuous trickle charge to recharge rechargeable batteries  255   a , thereby reducing the frequency with which batteries  255   a  must be replaced or recharged. However, when an electrical charge is needed, external power system charger  251  may be utilized to directly charge batteries  255   a . Of course, a conventional extension cord may be used, thereby eliminating the need to move umbrella apparatus  211  from its remote location to a location near an AC power outlet. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 4A  in the drawings, the preferred embodiment of lighting systems  26 ,  126 , and  226  of the present invention is illustrated. In this embodiment, a plurality of lighting elements  307 , preferably cold cathode tube bulbs, are recessed into a rib member  301 . Rib member  301  is indicative of rib members  19 ,  21 ,  23 ,  25 ,  119 ,  121 ,  123 ,  125 ,  219 ,  221 ,  223 , and  225 . As is shown, a cavity  303  is formed within rib  301 . Cavity  303  is adapted to receive and hold light bulb  307 . A translucent material  305  extends along the entire length of the cavity  303  to protect bulbs  307  from damage and undesirable exposure to weather and other conditions. Translucent material  305  may have a smooth surface or be textured to accentuate or enhance the light from bulbs  307 . Although only a single cold cathode tube bulb  307  is illustrated, it should be understood that there may be many bulbs  307  spaced along the length of rib member  301  to illuminate the area under umbrella apparatus  11 ,  111 , or  211 . Rib member  301  includes a wiring channel  309  configured to receive a wire  311  that conductively connects all of the bulbs  307  installed in rib member  301 , thereby forming an electrical circuit between bulbs  307  and the rechargeable power source, such as power sources  50 ,  150 , and  250 . In this manner, recessed lighting, which is carried entirely within rib member  301  and is not otherwise exposed to the elements, is achieved. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 4B  in the drawings, an alternate embodiment of lighting systems  26 ,  126 , and  226  of the present invention is illustrated. This embodiment is similar to the embodiment of  FIG. 4A , with the exception that an integral cooling system  410  has been added. In this embodiment, a plurality of lighting elements  307 , preferably cold cathode tube bulbs, are recessed into a rib member  301 . Rib member  301  is indicative of rib members  19 ,  21 ,  23 ,  25 ,  119 ,  121 ,  123 ,  125 ,  219 ,  221 ,  223 , and  225 . Cooling system  410  comprises a misting means that provides a light mist to cool the area under umbrella apparatus  11 ,  111 , or  211 . A cavity  403  is formed within rib member  401 . Cavity  403  is adapted to receive and hold light bulb  407 . A translucent material  405  extends along the entire length of the cavity  403  to protect bulbs  407  from damage and undesirable exposure to weather and other conditions. Translucent material  405  may have a smooth surface or be textured to accentuate or enhance the light from bulbs  407 . Although only a single cold cathode tube bulb  407  is illustrated, it should be understood that there may be many bulbs  407  spaced along the length of rib member  401  to illuminate the area under umbrella apparatus  11 ,  111 , or  211 . Rib member  401  includes a wiring channel  409  configured to receive a wire  411  that conductively connects all of the bulbs  407  installed in rib member  401 , thereby forming an electrical circuit between bulbs  407  and the rechargeable power source, such as power sources  50 ,  150 , and  250 . In this manner, recessed lighting, which is carried entirely within rib member  401  and is not otherwise exposed to the elements, is achieved. 
     A fluid supply channel  421  is provided in order to receive a fluid tight hose which supplies water to a plurality of misting nozzles  425  which generate mist  427  and  480 . A fluid discharge channel  423  is provided to carry a fluid tight hose which carries water from the hose in fluid supply channel  421  to misting nozzles  425 . In this embodiment, umbrella apparatus should include a small reservoir (not shown) of water or other water source, such as an inlet hose, and an electric pump to pressurize and pump the water through cooling system  410 . In this manner, umbrella apparatus  11 ,  111 , or  211  provides both light and a cooling mist to those in close proximity. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 4C  in the drawings, another embodiment of lighting systems  26 ,  126 , and  226  of the present invention is illustrated. This embodiment is similar to the embodiment of  FIG. 4A , with the exception that a different integral cooling system  510  has been added. In this embodiment, a plurality of lighting elements  507 , preferably cold cathode tube bulbs, are recessed into a rib member  501 . Rib member  501  is indicative of rib members  19 ,  21 ,  23 ,  25 ,  119 ,  121 ,  123 ,  125 ,  219 ,  221 ,  223 , and  225 . Cooling system  510  comprises a fanning means that provides a cool breeze under umbrella apparatus  11 ,  111 , or  211 . A cavity  503  is formed within rib member  501 . Cavity  503  is adapted to receive and hold light bulb  507 . A translucent material  505  extends along the entire length of the cavity  503  to protect bulbs  507  from damage and undesirable exposure to weather and other conditions. Translucent material  505  may have a smooth surface or be textured to accentuate or enhance the light from bulbs  507 . Although only a single cold cathode tube bulb  507  is illustrated, it should be understood that there may be many bulbs  507  spaced along the length of rib member  501  to illuminate the area under umbrella apparatus  11 ,  111 , or  211 . Rib member  501  includes a wiring channel  509  configured to receive a wire  511  that conductively connects all of the bulbs  507  installed in rib member  501 , thereby forming an electrical circuit between bulbs  507  and the rechargeable power source, such as power sources  50 ,  150 , and  250 . In this manner, recessed lighting, which is carried entirely within rib member  501  and is not otherwise exposed to the elements, is achieved. 
     A wiring conduit  520  is provided which routes electrical wiring from wire  511  to an electric motor  524  carried in a recessed cavity  522 . Fanning means  528  and  580 , such as fan blades, are carried by rotating shafts  530  which are connected to motors  524 . When energized, motors  524  rotate fan blades  528  and  580 , thereby providing a cooling breeze under umbrella apparatus  11 ,  111 , and  211 . A plurality of fan blade sets  528  and  580  may be located at predetermined locations along the length of rib member  501 . 
     Referring now to  FIG. 5A  in the drawings, a block diagram representation of the preferred embodiment of opening and closing systems  40 ,  140 , and  240  is illustrated. As is shown, a pulley system  600  is coupled through gears  602  to an electric motor  604 . A switch  606  is electrically connected between a power supply  608  and electric motor  604 . Power supply  608  is indicative of rechargeable power systems  50 ,  150 , and  250 . External power system charger  610  and solar charger  612  are coupled to power supply  608  to recharge the rechargeable battery elements. External power system charger  610  is indicative of external power system chargers  51  and  251 . Solar charger  612  is indicative of alternate power system chargers  62 ,  162 , and  262 . Mechanical actuation of switch  606  allows current to flow from power supply  608  to electric motor  604 . Motor  604  works through gears  602  to operate pulley  600 , thereby opening and closing canopy  17 ,  117 , or  217  of umbrella apparatus  11 ,  111 , or  211 , respectively. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 5B  in the drawings, another embodiment of the opening and closing systems  40 ,  140 , and  240  of the present invention is illustrated. In this embodiment, a wireless transmitter  708  is utilized to transmit encoded signals and remotely communicate with a wireless receiver  706  that is carried by umbrella apparatus  11 ,  111 , or  211 , preferably near housings  44 ,  144 , and  244 . A decoder  704  is provided to decode the encoded signals. As is conventional with such receivers and transmitters, transmitter  708  and receiver  706  may be adapted to be coded on a particular frequency or coding scheme which enable a dedicated transmitter  708  to actuate a particular receiver  706 . A decoder  704  coupled to an electrical switch  702  serves to allow for such identification. Switch  702  controls the application of electrical energy from a power supply  710  to an electric motor  700 . Power supply  710  is indicative of rechargeable power systems  50 ,  150 , and  250 . Motor  700  is indicative of motors  49 ,  149 , and  249 . In this manner, a motorized retraction system may be actuated remotely utilizing wireless transmitter  708 . 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 6-9  in the drawings, the preferred embodiments of the umbrella apparatus of the present invention are illustrated. In these embodiments, the rechargeable power source and solar recharging system are mounted atop the pole portion of the umbrella apparatus above the canopy. One concept which runs throughout the embodiments depicted in  FIGS. 6-9  is the utilization of a “power unit.” This concept involves the placement of a unitary structure at a defined location relative to the umbrella. For example, in the embodiments of  FIGS. 6-9 , the power unit is shown at a top location directly above the umbrella apparatus, and secured to the pole portion with a threaded coupling.  FIG. 6  depicts a top-mounted power unit and a cold cathode tube lighting system.  FIG. 7  depicts a top-mounted power unit with a fanning means cooling system.  FIG. 8  depicts a top-mounted power unit with mist producing cooling system.  FIG. 9  depicts a top-mounted power unit with an automated opening and closing system. 
     Although  FIGS. 6-9  depict power units with a single electrical system, it should be understood that in alternative embodiments, one could mix and match these electrical subassemblies such that a single power unit provides electrical power to two or more subassemblies. For example, an umbrella apparatus may include a lighting system and either one or both of the cooling systems described above. Alternatively, an umbrella apparatus may include a lighting system, a cooling system, and an automated opening and closing system as described herein. In this manner, the umbrella apparatus of the present invention is modular such that the different subsystems can be easily mixed and matched. 
     This modularity allows one to manufacture and sell aftermarket kits which can be installed and interchanged by the umbrella owners. Such kits may include a power unit and one or more of the subsystems, such as a lighting system and/or a cooling system and/or an automated opening and closing system. Because the power unit is relatively self-contained, little interaction is required to attach the power unit to an umbrella apparatus. Alternatively, this modularity in design facilitates the mass manufacture of umbrellas, allowing the electrical system to be manufactured by one factory, and the umbrella systems, which do not include electrical systems, to be manufactured by a different factory. The parts can then be brought together in an assembly area and assembled together. 
     Referring now specifically to  FIG. 6 , an umbrella apparatus  701  is illustrated. As is shown, a power unit  725  is provided for connection to the uppermost portion of umbrella apparatus  701 . In this embodiment, a cold cathode tube light subassembly  721  is provided for connection at a different location to umbrella apparatus  701 . Power unit  725  includes a solar collector  727  at its uppermost portion. Solar collector  727  is preferably carried by a top portion  703  of power unit  725 . A bottom portion  705  of power unit  725  defines an interior battery compartment  707 . Additionally, power unit  725  carries a coupling mechanism  729  to allow coupling between power unit  725  and a pole portion  719  of umbrella apparatus  701 , pole portion  719  being adapted at an upper end  711 , preferably with threads  713 , to releasably receive power unit  725 . A top cap  715  hingedly connects pole portion  719  to a canopy  717 . Cold cathode tube light subassembly  721  is coupled at a desired location underneath canopy  717  to provide high intensity light in the area surrounding umbrella apparatus  701 . Cold cathode tube light subassembly  721  is conductively coupled to power unit  725  by wiring  709  that passes through the hollow interior of pole portion  719 . Such light allows users to read, play games, or perform other leisure activities that require a relatively high intensity light. The electrical components of umbrella apparatus  701  are entirely independent of any household electrical system. The power source, such as power sources  50 ,  150 , and  250 , carried by power unit  725  is utilized to energize cold cathode tube light subassembly  721 . During daylight hours, solar energy is collected by solar panel  727  and is converted and utilized to recharge the rechargeable power source which is maintained within battery compartment  707 . 
     Cold cathode tube light subassembly  721  is described below in more detail below. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, other low power lighting systems may be used instead of cold cathode tube light sub assembly  721 . For example, an LED or fluorescent lighting subassembly may be utilized instead. LED and fluorescent systems designed for use with solar and low voltage lighting are known in the art. Such alternative lighting sources may be easily used with the present system in manners which are recognized by those skilled in the art. Implementation of LED, fluorescent, or other alternate light sources instead of cold cathode tube light subassembly  721  is a straightforward and need not be further described in detail. 
     Referring now specifically to  FIG. 7  in the drawings, an umbrella apparatus  801  is illustrated. As is shown, a power unit  825  is provided for connection to the uppermost portion of umbrella apparatus  801 . In this embodiment, a cooling system  821  comprising a fanning means  831  is provided for connection at a different location to umbrella apparatus  801 . Power unit  825  includes a solar collector  827  at its uppermost portion. Solar collector  827  is preferably carried by a top portion  803  of power unit  825 . A bottom portion  805  of power unit  825  defines an interior battery compartment  807 . Additionally, power unit  825  carries a coupling mechanism  829  to allow coupling between power unit  825  and a pole portion  819  of umbrella apparatus  801 , pole portion  819  being adapted at an upper end  811 , preferably with threads  813 , to releasably receive power unit  825 . A top cap  815  hingedly connects pole portion  819  to a canopy  817 . Cooling system  821  is coupled at a desired location underneath canopy  817  to provide a cooling breeze in the area surrounding umbrella apparatus  801 . Cooling system  821  is conductively coupled to power unit  825  by wiring  809  that passes through the hollow interior of pole portion  819 . The electrical components of umbrella apparatus  801  are entirely independent of any household electrical system. The power source, such as power sources  50 ,  150 , and  250 , carried by power unit  825  is utilized to energize cooling system  821 . During daylight hours, solar energy is collected by solar panel  827  and is converted and utilized to recharge the rechargeable power source which is maintained within battery compartment  807 . 
     Referring now specifically to  FIG. 8  in the drawings, an umbrella apparatus  901  is illustrated. As is shown, a power unit  955  is provided for connection to the uppermost portion of umbrella apparatus  901 . In this embodiment, a cooling system  921  comprising a misting system  931  is provided for connection at a different location to umbrella apparatus  901 . Power unit  955  includes a solar collector  957  at its uppermost portion. Solar collector  957  is preferably carried by a top portion  903  of power unit  955 . A bottom portion  905  of power unit  955  defines an interior battery compartment  907 . Additionally, power unit  955  carries a coupling mechanism  959  to allow coupling between power unit  955  and a pole portion  919  of umbrella apparatus  901 , pole portion  919  being adapted at an upper end  911 , preferably with threads  913 , to releasably receive power unit  955 . A top cap  915  hingedly connects pole portion  919  to a canopy  917 . The electrical components of umbrella apparatus  901  are entirely independent of any household electrical system. The power source, such as power sources  50 ,  150 , and  250 , carried by power unit  955  is utilized to energize cooling system  921 . During daylight hours, solar energy is collected by solar panel  957  and is converted and utilized to recharge the rechargeable power source which is maintained within battery compartment  907 . 
     Cooling system  921  is coupled at a desired location underneath canopy  917  to provide a cooling mist in the area surrounding umbrella apparatus  901 . Cooling system  921  is conductively coupled to power unit  955  by wiring  909  that passes through the hollow interior of pole portion  919 . Cooling system  921  is a misting system comprising a reservoir  925 , or other water source, a pump  927 , water feed lines  929 , and mist nozzles  923 . Pump  927  pressurizes and pumps the water from reservoir  925  through water feed lines  929  and out of mist nozzles  923 , which are located at selected spaced intervals under canopy  917 , at a selected flow rate. Reservoir  925  may be a conventional ice cooler, such that the mist is chilled water. 
     Referring now specifically to  FIG. 9  in the drawings, an umbrella apparatus  1001  is illustrated. As is shown, a power unit  1055  is utilized to provide electrical power to an automated opening and closing system  1050 . Power unit  1055  includes a solar collector  1027  at its uppermost portion. Solar collector  1027  is preferably carried by a top portion  1003  of power unit  1055 . A bottom portion  1005  of power unit  1055  defines an interior battery compartment  1007 . Additionally, power unit  1055  carries a coupling mechanism  1029  to allow coupling between power unit  1055  and a pole portion  1019  of umbrella apparatus  1001 , pole portion  1019  being adapted at an upper end  1011 , preferably with threads  1013 , to releasably receive power unit  1055 . A top cap  1015  hingedly connects pole portion  1019  to a canopy  1017 . The electrical components of umbrella apparatus  1001  are entirely independent of any household electrical system. Automated opening and closing system  1050  is conductively coupled to power unit  1055  by wiring  1009  that passes through the hollow interior of pole portion  1019 . The power source, such as power sources  50 ,  150 , and  250 , carried by power unit  1055  is utilized to energize automated opening and closing system  1050 . During daylight hours, solar energy is collected by solar panel  1027  and is converted and utilized to recharge the rechargeable power source which is maintained within battery compartment  1007 . 
     Automated opening and closing system  1050  is carried at the uppermost portion of pole portion  1019 . Opening and closing system  1050  includes a motor  1021 , a transmission  1023 , a line winding shaft  1025 , a pulley system  1031 , and a cable system  1033 . These components cooperate to open and close the umbrella in response to the receipt of a command signal. The command signal may be supplied by the actuation of a switch (see  FIGS. 1-3 ) carried on pole portion  1019 , or it may be a wireless signal received from a paired transmitter receiver system (see  FIG. 5B ). 
     Referring now to  FIG. 10  in the drawings, a schematic of the cold cathode tube lighting system of the present invention is illustrated. The invention is to utilize in combination a cold cathode lamp, a power inverter which supplies alternating current to the cold cathode lamp, a rechargeable DC battery pack, and a solar collector. This is depicted in simplified form in  FIG. 10 . This may be utilized in any outdoor application in which there is no easy or convenient access to household power. The system is entirely self-contained and does not require any household power for operation, or charging. As is shown, the cold cathode tube lighting system  3000  includes a cold cathode lamp  3001  that is supplied with AC power from a power inverter  3007 . A DC battery pack  3003  includes rechargeable batteries that supply DC current to power inverter  3007 . A solar collector  3005  is provided to recharge the batteries contained within DC power pack  3003 . 
     A cold cathode tube is a lamp that produces light by the passage of an electric current through a vapor or gas maintained within a tube. A cold cathode tube does not require any heating above ambient temperature to produce light. The tube is phosphor coated on its inner surface, and thus may emit various colored light. In most cases, cold cathode tube lamps are low-pressure mercury vapor lamps. Such lamps use a 253.7 nanometer ultraviolet emission from mercury vapor excited by an electrical discharge through the lamp to charge the phosphors maintained on the wall of the lamp. 
     The optimum operating temperature for cold cathode tube is approximately 40 degrees Celsius, although Applicant believes that these lamps can be produced in a manner to reliably provide outdoor lighting in temperatures as cold as 15 degrees Fahrenheit. While the cold cathode tube does not require heating, the output of the lamp does vary based upon the ambient temperature. At room temperature, the initial output of a lamp is only about seventy percent of its steady state value at 40 degrees Celsius. In contrast, its output is only 25 percent when the lamp is started at zero degrees Celsius. Cold starts do require additional voltage from the power source to ensure reliable operation. However, the number of lamp “starts” has no adverse effect on the lamp. This is not true for fluorescent lamps, which degrade over time due to the number of “starts.” Cold cathode tubes may be utilized to supply a white light output. 
     In the preferred embodiment, a cold cathode tube manufactured by Nanjing Lampus Electronics Company, Ltd. is utilized. Specifically, a lamp type CFL-20 is utilized. This has an inner diameter of 1.5 millimeters. The tube length is variable, and may be anywhere in the range of 50 millimeters to 30 millimeters in overall length. The tube is adapted to operate on four milliamps of tube current. The tube voltage is in the range of 200 to 750 Volts. The average brightness of this particular tube is 40,000 cd/m 2 . 
     Another advantage of cold cathode tubes is that the tubes can be very thin in diameter. For example, in the preferred implementation, the cold cathode tube may be one or two millimeters in diameter. A cold cathode tube can be bent into any shape and can be formed in very long lengths, such as several feet long. Thus, cold cathode tubes provide greater light output per foot versus conventional lighting. 
     Another significant advantage of cold cathode tubes it that they have relatively long lamp life. It is not unusual to have lamp lives which are thirty to forty thousand hours of use. In other words, these cold cathode tubes have, for all practical purposes, an infinite life span. 
     They are low power devices. They do not generate a lot of heat. They provide high lumen output. For these reasons, fewer batteries are needed to drive the cold cathode ray tube, and smaller solar cell panels may be utilized to recharge the batteries. In other words, relatively small form factors can be achieved because the solar cells, the batteries, and the bulbs can be relatively small in size. 
     The present invention can be implemented on a small, medium, or large scale so the solar cell panels and batteries may be moved up in size to either provide greater light output or to provide for a longer useful life. 
     Additionally, the present invention may be considered to satisfy three separate and distinct outdoor lighting applications, all of which may be incorporated into the umbrella apparatus of the present invention. 
     The first application is that of a “special purpose light,” or “task light,” such as for security applications. These special purpose lights would provide very light output, for a relatively short duration. One example would be the utilization of the cold cathode ray tube to provide extremely high light output for a very small area for a very short time, all in response to detection of motion in a particular area. For example, a system can be configured to detect motion in a doorway, motion in a yard, motion in a driveway, or the like. The brightness can be provided which can be far in excess of 40,000 cd/m 2 . For example, 100,000 to 200,000 cd/m 2  may be provided for a very small area for a very short duration. For example, the duration may be a few minutes to ten minutes. 
     The second application requires a medium amount of light output, but requires longer periods of operation or wider areas of coverage. For example, the light assembly provided with the umbrella provides a relatively high light output, such as in the range of 20,000 to 100,000 cd/m 2 , in order to allow one to read, play games, operate a computer, or do needlework under the umbrella. Preferably, the battery pack and associated solar panel is sufficient to allow the system to operate continuously for a time interval in the range of 8-12 hours. Additionally, and preferably, the solar panel should be of the size and output which is sufficient to fully recharge the battery pack during the daylight hours. 
     A third application requires a lower level of light intensity. A good example would be lawn, patio, walkway, or landscape lighting. One does not ordinarily expect to be able to read or do intricate work under this type of lighting. In contrast, all that is expected is that a reasonable amount of light be provided to allow one to walk safely through an area. This type of task may require brightness in the range of 6,000 cd/m 2  to 60,000 cd/m 2 . 
     Referring now to  FIG. 11  in the drawings, a block diagram representation of the application of the present invention to a lawn lighting scenario is illustrated. In this scenario, a plurality of solar panels  4001 ,  4003 ,  4005 , and  4007  are connected together in series. Preferably, solar panels  4001 ,  4003 ,  4005 , and  4007  are manufactured by Siemens and comprise mono-crystal solar panels, each providing 1.5 Volts. The total current for the array of solar panels is about 80 milliamps. The current from solar panels  4001 ,  4003 ,  4005 , and  4007  is passed through a diode  4009  and then to a battery pack  4011 . Battery pack  4011  includes a plurality of batteries  4013 ,  4015 , and  4017 , for example three AA batteries. In alternative embodiments, as few as two batteries may be used. As is shown, each battery is a 1.2 Volt Nickel Cadmium battery. They collectively provide 700 milliamp hours of power. 
     The output of DC battery pack  4011  is provided as an input to an inverter  4019 . Inverter  4019  receives 4.8 Volts DC in and produces as an output of 800 Volts rms AC at 40 Hertz. The total current of the output is 4-6 milliamps. 
     This is provided to the cathode of a cold cathode ray tube lamp  4021 . The current passes through the vapor maintained within cold cathode ray tube lamp  4021  and causes electrons to be stripped from the gas. These electrons collide with the phosphorus coating on the interior surface of cold cathode ray tube lamp  4021 , thereby emitting light. 
     Although the invention has been described with reference to a particular embodiment, this description is not meant to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications of the disclosed embodiments as well as alternative embodiments of the invention will become apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description of the invention. It is therefore contemplated that the appended claims will cover any such modifications or embodiments that fall within the scope of the invention.

Technology Classification (CPC): 8