Patent Abstract:
The invention provides methods for preparing amorphous physical form of cabergoline, and solvate form A of cabergoline useful in the preparation of the first mentioned physical form. A method for treating a prolactin disorder with medicaments prepared from amorphous physical form of cabergoline and solvate form A of cabergoline is also disclosed.

Full Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims priority from Israeli patent application No. 155545, filed on Apr. 21, 2003, entitled tert-BUTYL METHYL ETHER SOLVATE FORM OF CABERGOLINE. The disclosure of this patent application as well as the references cited therein and the references cited herein are expressly incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  schematically shows a perspective view of cabergoline and tert-butyl methyl ether molecules and the atomic numbering of non-hydrogen atoms as derived from single crystal x-ray analysis of solvate form A cabergoline. (Atomic coordinates based on Table 2). 
         FIG. 2  shows a characteristic x-ray powder diffraction pattern of solvate form A of cabergoline. Vertical axis: intensity (CPS); Horizontal axis: 2θ (degrees). 
         FIG. 3  shows calculated x-ray powder diffraction pattern of solvate form A cabergoline. Vertical axis: intensity (CPS); Horizontal axis: 2θ (degrees). 
         FIG. 4  shows the infrared spectrum (diffuse reflectance, DRIFTS) of solvate form A of cabergoline in potassium bromide. 
         FIG. 5  shows the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curve of solvate form A of cabergoline, showing thermal event associated with eutectic melting of cabergoline with tert-buthyl methyl ether. 
         FIG. 6  shows the  1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum of solvate form A of cabergoline in CDCl 3 . 
         FIG. 7  shows a characteristic x-ray powder diffraction pattern of amorphous physical form of cabergoline. Vertical axis: intensity (CPS); Horizontal axis: 2θ (degrees). 
         FIG. 8  shows the infrared spectrum (diffuse reflectance, DRIFTS) of amorphous cabergoline in potassium bromide. 
     
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to a new crystalline form of cabergoline and to processes for its preparation. Uses of the novel form of cabergoline in purification of crude cabergoline, in the preparation of amorphous cabergoline and in the manufacture of a medicament are disclosed. A method for treating a prolactin disorder with the medicaments is also disclosed. 
     List of References 
     The following prior publications are considered to be pertinent for the purpose of understanding the background of the present invention:
     S. F. Ashford et al., J. Org. Chem., 2002, v. 67, 7147;   E. Brambilla et al., Eur. J. Med. Chem., 1989, v. 24, 421;   I. Candiani et al., Synlett, 1995, 605;   P. Sabatino et al., Farmaco, 1995, v. 50, 175;   Federal Register, 1997, v. 62, 67377–88;   The Merck Index, 12th Edition, 1637;   GB 2,103,603;   U.S. Pat. No. 4,526,892;   U.S. Pat. No. 5,382,669;   U.S. Pat. No. 6,673,806;   U.S. Pat. No. 6,680,327;   U.S. Pat. No. 6,696,568;   US 2002/0123503 A1;   US 2003/0149067 A1;   WO 01/70740;   WO 03/78392 A2;   WO 03/78433 A1.   

     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Cabergoline is a long-acting oral dopamine agonist specific for the D2 receptor and is used to treat different types of medical problems that occur when too much of the hormone prolactin is produced. Cabergoline works by stopping the brain from making and releasing the prolactin hormone from the pituitary. It can be used to treat certain menstrual problems, fertility problems in men and women, and pituitary prolactinomas (tumors of the pituitary gland). 
     Prolactin hypersecretion, or hyperprolactinemia, is a condition characterised by an increased level of prolactin. Hyperprolactinemia may have anyone of a number of functional causes, including various neurogenic causes such as thoracic sensory nerve stimulation, stress, and psychogenic causes, various hypothalamic causes such as diffuse processes, granulomatous diseases, neoplasms, stalk section, empty sella, non-lactotropic cell pituitary tumors, and prostradiation treatment to sella, various pituitary causes such as prolactinomas and pituitary lactotropic cell hyperplasia, and various endocrine causes such as pregnancy, estrogen administration, hypothyroidism, and adrenal insufficiency. 
     Cabergoline, 1-(6-allylergoline-8β-carbonyl)-1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-3-ethylurea, having the formula: 
                                
is one of the most potent prolactin inhibitors (Brambilla, 1989 and The Merck Index, 12th Edition, 1637).
 
     Cabergoline may be prepared by the method described in Example 1 of U.S. Pat. No. 6,696,568. Alternatively, cabergoline may be prepared by the methods described by Ashford (2002), Brambilla (1989), Candiani (1995), GB 2,103,603, U.S. Pat. No. 4,526,892 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,382,669. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 6,673,806, U.S. Pat. No. 6,680,327, US 2003/0149067, WO 03/78392, WO 03/78433 and Sabatino (1995) disclose five physical forms of cabergoline, designated Form I, Form II, Form V, Form VII and Form X. These forms differ from one another in respect of their physical properties, stability, spectral data and methods of preparation. Among these forms, Forms V and X are solvate forms of cabergoline. More precisely, there are toluene solvate forms of cabergoline. Toluene is related to Class 2 solvents. According to Federal Register, 1997, v. 62, 67377–88, the use of Class 2 solvents should be limited in pharmaceutical products because of their inherent toxicity. 
     Citation or identification of any document in this application is not an admission that such document is available as prior art to the present invention. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention provides for, inter alia, new solid forms of cabergoline—amorphous cabergoline and tert-butyl methyl ether solvate form A of cabergoline, the latter is referred to as solvate form A of cabergoline. The new forms of cabergoline are relatively stable physical form of cabergoline. Preferably, each of the new forms of cabergoline is substantially free of other physical forms. 
     The present invention also provides a method of preparing amorphous physical form of cabergoline from crude cabergoline comprising the steps of:
     a) mixing cabergoline with tert-butyl methyl ether;   b) isolating the precipitated solid;   c) drying the solid at 0–30° C. to obtain solvate form A of cabergoline substantially free from other physical forms;   d) conversion of the solvate form A of cabergoline to the desired amorphous physical form of cabergoline.   

     The present invention also provides the use of amorphous physical form of cabergoline and solvate form A of cabergoline in the manufacture of a medicament. The medicament is prepared by combining the physical forms of cabergoline with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. 
     The present invention also relates to the field of hyperprolactinemias, and prolactinomas. More specifically, the present invention relates to the treatment of a subject afflicted with either condition, and the lowering of prolactin levels and/or the size of the tumor by administration to the subject by the medicament prepared from solvate form A of cabergoline or amorphous physical form of cabergoline. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The present invention discloses, according to a first of its aspects, a new amorphous physical form of cabergoline. Preferably, the amorphous physical form of cabergoline is substantially free of other physical forms. Suitably, amorphous physical form of cabergoline contains not more than 20%, preferably not more than 10% of any crystalline form of cabergoline. Most preferably the amorphous physical form of cabergoline contains not more than 5% of any crystalline form of cabergoline. 
     The amorphous physical form of cabergoline has a halo x-ray powder diffraction pattern as depicted in  FIG. 7 . 
     The amorphous physical form of cabergoline was further characterized by an infrared absorption spectrum carried out in potassium bromide as depicted in  FIG. 8 . 
     The present invention also provides the method of preparing amorphous physical form of cabergoline, which method comprises the preparation of solvate form A of cabergoline and its conversion into amorphous physical form of cabergoline. Preferably, the method comprises the step of:
     a) recrystallizing or crystallizing, or triturating or/and reslurring of cabergoline in tert-butyl methyl ether;   b) isolating the precipitated solid;   c) drying the solid at 0–30° C. to obtain solvate form A of cabergoline having x-ray powder diffraction pattern of  FIG. 2 ; and   d) conversion the solvate form of cabergoline into amorphous physical form of cabergoline.   

     Optionally, the conversion the solvate form of cabergoline into amorphous physical form of cabergoline comprises the steps of:
     a) dissolving solvate form A of cabergoline in organic solvent; and   b) evaporating the solution prepared in step (a) to obtain desired solid.   

     Preferably, said organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of alcohols, ethers, esters and ketones. More preferably, said organic solvent is ethanol, isopropanol, ethyl ether, isopropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, acetone, and methyl ethyl ketone. Most preferably, the solvent is ethanol or isopropanol. 
     Preferably, the method of preparing amorphous physical form of cabergoline comprises the step of:
     a) dissolving solvate form A of cabergoline in organic solvent;   b) mixing the solution of cabergoline with anti-solvent;   c) evaporating the obtained suspension under reduced pressure at 0–40° C. to obtain desired solid.   

     More preferably, the method of preparing amorphous physical form of cabergoline, comprising the step of:
     a) dissolving solvate form A of cabergoline in an organic solvent;   b) mixing the solution of cabergoline with anti-solvent;   c) isolating of the precipitated solid;   d) drying the solid at 0–40° C. to obtain desired solid.   

     Preferably, the anti-solvent is saturated hydrocarbon. More preferably, the anti-solvent selected from the group consisting of pentane, heptane, hexane and cyclohexane. 
     Most preferably, the method of preparing of amorphous physical form of cabergoline comprises the steps of:
     a) dissolving solvate form A of cabergoline in a solvent; and   b) lyophilizing the solution prepared in step (a) to obtain desired solid.   

     Preferably, said solvent is selected from the group consisting of tert-butanol, aqueous tert-butanol, 1,4-dioxane, aqueous 1,4-dioxane, benzene, dimethyl carbonate and cyclohexane. 
     The present invention also provides the use of amorphous physical form of cabergoline or solvate form A of cabergoline in the manufacture of a medicament. The medicaments prepared from amorphous physical form of cabergoline or solvate form A of cabergoline may be used in a manner similar to that of medicament prepared from any existing forms of cabergoline. Preferably, the medicament is prepared by combining amorphous physical form of cabergoline or solvate form A of cabergoline with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. Preferably, the excipient may be an acid, a carrier, a binder, a diluent, a lubricant, a glidant, an adjuvant or a combination thereof. More preferably, the suitable pharmaceutically acceptable excipients include the following components: 
     i) Acids, such as pharmaceutically acceptable organic or inorganic acids, e.g. acetic acid, stearic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, leucine or a combination thereof; 
     ii) Binders, such as cellulose and its derivatives, e.g. ethyl cellulose hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, starches, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, natural gums, corn syrup, polysaccharides (including acacia, tragacanth, guar, and alginates), gelatin, or a combination thereof; 
     iii) Glidants, such as talc, fumed silica, or a combination thereof; 
     iv) Lubricants such as magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, aluminum stearate, stearic acid, calcium oleate, talc, mineral oil, waxes, glyceryl behenate, potassium stearyl fumarate, sodium stearyl fumarate, hydrogenated vegetable oils, or a combination thereof. Such lubricants are commonly included in the final tabletted product in amounts of less than 1% by weight; 
     v) Diluents, such as lactose, cellulose, starch or calcium phosphate or a combination thereof. 
     Preferably, the medicament comprises a therapeutically effective amount of cabergoline. The medicament may be in the form of tablet, powder mixture, capsule, solution, suspension, suppository, emulsion, dispersion or food premix. Preferably, the medicament is in the form of a tablet. 
     As used herein the term “effective amount” refers to the amount or dose of the compound, upon single or multiple dose administration to the patient, which provides the desired effect in the patient under diagnosis or treatment. 
     An effective amount can be readily determined by the attending diagnostician, as one skilled in the art, by the use of known techniques and by observing results obtained under analogous circumstances. In determining the effective amount or dose of compound administered, a number of factors are considered by the attending diagnostician, including, but not limited to: the species of mammal; its size, age, and general health; the specific disease is involved; the degree of or involvement or the severity of the disease; the response of the individual patient; the particular compound administered; the mode of administration; the bioavailability characteristics of the preparation administered; the dose regimen selected; the use of concomitant medication; and other relevant circumstances. For example, a typical daily dose may contain from about 50 micrograms to about 150 mg of the active ingredient. 
     The present invention also discloses a new relatively stable solvate form of cabergoline, namely solvate form A of cabergoline. Solvate form A of cabergoline is a tert-butyl methyl ether solvate. Preferably, solvate form A of cabergoline is crystalline. In one embodiment, solvate form A of cabergoline is substantially pure. Suitably, solvate forms A of cabergoline contains not more than 20%, preferably not more than 10% of any other crystalline form of cabergoline. Most preferably the solvate form A of cabergoline contains not more than 5% of any other crystalline form of cabergoline. 
     The crystalline state of a compound can be unambiguously described by several crystallographic parameters: unit cell dimensions, space group, and atomic position of all atoms in the compound relative to the origin of its unit cell. These parameters are experimentally determined by single crystal x-ray analysis. The crystalline solvate form A of cabergoline is characterized by the crystal parameters obtained from single crystal x-ray crystallographic analysis set forth in Table 1 below. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Crystal parameters of solvate form A of cabergoline. 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Formula 
                 C 26 H 37 N 5 O 2 .C 5 H 12 O 
               
               
                   
                 Formula weight (amu) 
                 539.75 
               
               
                   
                 Space group 
                 P2 1 2 1 2 1   
               
               
                   
                 Cell dimensions 
               
               
                   
                 a (Å) 
                 12.955 (3) 
               
               
                   
                 b (Å) 
                 14.312 (3) 
               
               
                   
                 c (Å) 
                 17.704 (4) 
               
               
                   
                 α = β = γ (°) 
                  90 
               
               
                   
                 V (Å 3 ) 
                 3282.5 (13) 
               
               
                   
                 Z (molecules/units cell) 
                  4 
               
               
                   
                 Density (g/cm 3 ) 
                  1.092 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The unit cell dimension is defined by three parameters: length of the sides of the cell, relative angles of sides to each other and the volume of the cell. The lengths of the sides of the unit cell are defined by a, b and c. The relative angles of the cell sides are defined by α, β and γ. The volume of the cell is defined as V. 
     The crystalline solvate form A of cabergoline of the present invention is characterized by a single x-ray crystallographic analysis, which yields atomic positions of all atoms relative to the origin of the unit cell as shown in Tables 2 through 6, and as represented in  FIG. 1 . Tables 2 through 6 list the parameters of atomic coordinates, and their isotropic thermal parameters, bond lengths, bond angles, anisotropic thermal parameters, bond lengths, bond angles, anisotropic thermal parameters, and proton atom coordinates and their isotropic thermal parameters. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Atomic coordinates (×10 4 ) and equivalent isotropic 
               
               
                 displacement parameters (Å 2  × 10 3 ). U (eq) is 
               
               
                 defined as one third of the trace of the orthogonalized Uij tensor. 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 x 
                 y 
                 z 
                 U (eq) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 N(1) 
                 4118(3) 
                  7929(3) 
                  4368(3) 
                  63(1) 
               
               
                   
                 C(2) 
                 4732(4) 
                  7161(4) 
                  4498(3) 
                  64(2) 
               
               
                   
                 C(3) 
                 5403(4) 
                  7341(4) 
                  5081(3) 
                  55(1) 
               
               
                   
                 C(4) 
                 6204(4) 
                  6784(3) 
                  5489(3) 
                  54(1) 
               
               
                   
                 C(5) 
                 6409(4) 
                  7215(3) 
                  6286(3) 
                  48(1) 
               
               
                   
                 N(6) 
                 7279(3) 
                  6750(3) 
                  6668(2) 
                  49(1) 
               
               
                   
                 C(7) 
                 7458(4) 
                  7167(4) 
                  7409(3) 
                  57(1) 
               
               
                   
                 C(8) 
                 7770(4) 
                  8178(4) 
                  7346(3) 
                  52(1) 
               
               
                   
                 C(9) 
                 6908(4) 
                  8727(3) 
                  6978(3) 
                  55(1) 
               
               
                   
                 C(10) 
                 6609(4) 
                  8297(3) 
                  6233(3) 
                  47(1) 
               
               
                   
                 C(11) 
                 5684(4) 
                  8779(3) 
                  5867(3) 
                  49(1) 
               
               
                   
                 C(12) 
                 5304(4) 
                  9663(4) 
                  5989(3) 
                  67(2) 
               
               
                   
                 C(13) 
                 4490(5) 
                 10015(4) 
                  5587(4) 
                  77(2) 
               
               
                   
                 C(14) 
                 4002(4) 
                  9515(4) 
                  5019(4) 
                  75(2) 
               
               
                   
                 C(15) 
                 4396(4) 
                  8630(4) 
                  4860(3) 
                  55(1) 
               
               
                   
                 C(16) 
                 5197(3) 
                  8277(4) 
                  5311(3) 
                  51(1) 
               
               
                   
                 C(17) 
                 7091(4) 
                  5741(3) 
                  6770(3) 
                  61(2) 
               
               
                   
                 C(18) 
                 7975(5) 
                  5242(4) 
                  7115(4) 
                  76(2) 
               
               
                   
                 C(19) 
                 7957(6) 
                  4754(5) 
                  7703(5) 
                 102(3) 
               
               
                   
                 C(20) 
                 8063(4) 
                  8581(4) 
                  8100(4) 
                  63(2) 
               
               
                   
                 O(21) 
                 7864(5) 
                  8156(3) 
                  8688(3) 
                 101(2) 
               
               
                   
                 N(22) 
                 8497(3) 
                  9456(3) 
                  8130(3) 
                  64(1) 
               
               
                   
                 C(23) 
                 8964(4) 
                  9914(5) 
                  7510(4) 
                  67(2) 
               
               
                   
                 O(24) 
                 9405(3) 
                  9454(3) 
                  7014(3) 
                  90(2) 
               
               
                   
                 N(25) 
                 8854(4) 
                 10832(4) 
                  7523(3) 
                  78(2) 
               
               
                   
                 C(26) 
                 9325(6) 
                 11395(5) 
                  6924(5) 
                 103(2) 
               
               
                   
                 C(27) 
                 9387(7) 
                 12381(5) 
                  7126(6) 
                 130(3) 
               
               
                   
                 C(28) 
                 8642(7) 
                  9881(5) 
                  8895(4) 
                  95(2) 
               
               
                   
                 C(29) 
                 7621(9) 
                 10132(5) 
                  9266(4) 
                 118(3) 
               
               
                   
                 C(30) 
                 7230(17) 
                 10991(13) 
                  9095(12) 
                 460(20) 
               
               
                   
                 N(31) 
                 7204(4) 
                 11472(4) 
                  8426(3) 
                  92(2) 
               
               
                   
                 C(32) 
                 6361(10) 
                 11310(20) 
                  7990(12) 
                 450(20) 
               
               
                   
                 C(33) 
                 7198(10 
                 12430(7) 
                  8617(10) 
                 240(9) 
               
               
                   
                 C(34) 
                 4107(10) 
                  8272(7) 
                  9417(7) 
                 147(4) 
               
               
                   
                 C(35) 
                 4494(13) 
                  8563(9) 
                  8612(7) 
                 212(7) 
               
               
                   
                 C(36) 
                 4843(13) 
                  7794(11) 
                  9895(9) 
                 244(8) 
               
               
                   
                 C(37) 
                 3138(17) 
                  7644(16) 
                  9342(10) 
                 358(16) 
               
               
                   
                 O(38) 
                 3866(12) 
                  9146(8) 
                  9644(9) 
                 269(6) 
               
               
                   
                 C(39) 
                 3493(13) 
                  9134(17) 
                 10410(8) 
                 299(13) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Bond lengths (Å). 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 N(1)—C(2) 
                  1.376(7) 
               
               
                   
                 N(1)—C(15) 
                  1.377(7) 
               
               
                   
                 N(1)—H(1) 
                 0.8600 
               
               
                   
                 C(2)—C(3) 
                  1.373(7) 
               
               
                   
                 C(2)—H(2) 
                 0.9300 
               
               
                   
                 C(3)—C(16) 
                  1.425(7) 
               
               
                   
                 C—(3)C(4) 
                  1.494(7) 
               
               
                   
                 C(4)—C(5) 
                  1.564(7) 
               
               
                   
                 C(4)—H(4A) 
                 0.9700 
               
               
                   
                 C(4)—H(4B) 
                 0.9700 
               
               
                   
                 C(5)—N(6) 
                  1.472(6) 
               
               
                   
                 C(5)—C(10) 
                  1.574(7) 
               
               
                   
                 C(5)—H(5) 
                  0.93(5) 
               
               
                   
                 N(6)—C(7) 
                  1.460(6) 
               
               
                   
                 N(6)—C(17) 
                  1.476(6) 
               
               
                   
                 C(7)—C(8) 
                  1.506(7) 
               
               
                   
                 C(7)—H(7A) 
                 0.9700 
               
               
                   
                 C(7)—H(7B) 
                 0.9700 
               
               
                   
                 C(8)—C(20) 
                  1.503(7) 
               
               
                   
                 C(8)—C(9) 
                  1.513(7) 
               
               
                   
                 C(8)—H(8) 
                  0.96(5) 
               
               
                   
                 C(9)—C(10) 
                  1.507(7) 
               
               
                   
                 C(9)—H(9A) 
                 0.9700 
               
               
                   
                 C(9)—H(9B) 
                 0.9700 
               
               
                   
                 N(1)—C(2) 
                  1.376(7) 
               
               
                   
                 N(1)—C(15) 
                  1.377(7) 
               
               
                   
                 N(1)—H(1) 
                 0.8600 
               
               
                   
                 C(2)—C(3) 
                  1.373(7) 
               
               
                   
                 C(10)—C(11) 
                  1.527(7) 
               
               
                   
                 C(10)—H(10) 
                  0.99(4) 
               
               
                   
                 C—(11)C(16) 
                  1.372(7) 
               
               
                   
                 C(11)—C(12) 
                  1.374(7) 
               
               
                   
                 C(12)—C(13) 
                  1.368(8) 
               
               
                   
                 C(12)—H(12) 
                 0.9300 
               
               
                   
                 C(13)—C(14) 
                  1.387(8) 
               
               
                   
                 C(13)—H(13) 
                 0.9300 
               
               
                   
                 C(14)—C(15) 
                  1.395(8) 
               
               
                   
                 C(14)—H(14) 
                 0.9300 
               
               
                   
                 C(15)—C(16) 
                  1.404(7) 
               
               
                   
                 C(17)—C(18) 
                  1.481(8) 
               
               
                   
                 C(17)—H(17A) 
                 0.9700 
               
               
                   
                 C(17)—H(17B) 
                 0.9700 
               
               
                   
                 C(18)—C(19) 
                  1.253(9) 
               
               
                   
                 C(18)—H(18) 
                 0.9300 
               
               
                   
                 C(19)—H(19A) 
                 0.9300 
               
               
                   
                 C(19)—H(19B) 
                 0.9300 
               
               
                   
                 C(20)—O(21) 
                  1.233(7) 
               
               
                   
                 C(20)—N(22) 
                  1.373(7) 
               
               
                   
                 N(22)—C(23) 
                  1.414(7) 
               
               
                   
                 N(22)—C(28) 
                  1.498(8) 
               
               
                   
                 C(23)—O(24) 
                  1.238(7) 
               
               
                   
                 C(23)—N(25) 
                  1.322(7) 
               
               
                   
                 N(25)—C(26) 
                  1.465(9) 
               
               
                   
                 C(26)—C(27) 
                  1.459(9) 
               
               
                   
                 C(26)—H(26A) 
                 0.9700 
               
               
                   
                 C(26)—H(26B) 
                 0.9700 
               
               
                   
                 C(27)—H(27A) 
                 0.9600 
               
               
                   
                 C(27)—H(27B) 
                 0.9600 
               
               
                   
                 C(27)—H(27C) 
                 0.9600 
               
               
                   
                 C(28)—C(29) 
                  1.520(12) 
               
               
                   
                 C(28)—H(28A) 
                 0.9700 
               
               
                   
                 C(28)—H(28B) 
                 0.9700 
               
               
                   
                 C(29)—C(30) 
                  1.364(13) 
               
               
                   
                 C(29)—H(29A) 
                 0.9700 
               
               
                   
                 C(29)—H(29B) 
                 0.9700 
               
               
                   
                 C(30)—N(31) 
                  1.371(14) 
               
               
                   
                 C(30)—H(30A) 
                 0.9700 
               
               
                   
                 C(30)—H(30B) 
                 0.9700 
               
               
                   
                 N(31)—C(32) 
                  1.358(11) 
               
               
                   
                 N(31)—C(33) 
                  1.413(9) 
               
               
                   
                 N(31)—H(31) 
                 0.9100 
               
               
                   
                 C(32)—H(32A) 
                 0.9600 
               
               
                   
                 C(32)—H(32B) 
                 0.9600 
               
               
                   
                 C(32)—H(32C) 
                 0.9600 
               
               
                   
                 C(33)—H(33A) 
                 0.9600 
               
               
                   
                 C(33)—H(33B) 
                 0.9600 
               
               
                   
                 C(33)—H(33C) 
                 0.9600 
               
               
                   
                 C(34)—O(38) 
                  1.350(14) 
               
               
                   
                 C(34)—C(36) 
                  1.446(15) 
               
               
                   
                 C(34)—C(37) 
                  1.550(17) 
               
               
                   
                 C(34)—C(35) 
                  1.568(16) 
               
               
                   
                 C(35)—H(35A) 
                 0.9600 
               
               
                   
                 C(35)—H(35B) 
                 0.9600 
               
               
                   
                 C(35)—H(35C) 
                 0.9600 
               
               
                   
                 C(36)—H(36A) 
                 0.9600 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Bond Angles (°). 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 C(2)—N(1)—C(15) 
                 109.0(4) 
               
               
                   
                 C(2)—N(1)—H(1) 
                 125.5 
               
               
                   
                 C(15)—N(1)—H(1) 
                 125.5 
               
               
                   
                 C(3)—C(2)—N(1) 
                 109.9(5) 
               
               
                   
                 C(3)—C(2)—H(2) 
                 125.0 
               
               
                   
                 N(1)—C(2)—H(2) 
                 125.0 
               
               
                   
                 C(2)—C(3)—C(16) 
                 105.9(4) 
               
               
                   
                 C(2)—C(3)—C(4) 
                 134.6(5) 
               
               
                   
                 C(16)—C(3)—C(4) 
                 119.5(5) 
               
               
                   
                 C(3)—C(4)—C(5) 
                 110.1(4) 
               
               
                   
                 C(3)—C(4)—H(4A) 
                 109.6 
               
               
                   
                 C(5)—C(4)—H(4A) 
                 109.6 
               
               
                   
                 C(3)—C(4)—H(4B) 
                 109.6 
               
               
                   
                 C(5)—C(4)—H(4B) 
                 109.6 
               
               
                   
                 H(4A)—C(4)—H(4B) 
                 108.1 
               
               
                   
                 N(6)—C(5)—C(4) 
                 111.5(4) 
               
               
                   
                 N(6)—C(5)—C(10) 
                 110.3(4) 
               
               
                   
                 C(4)—C(5)—C(10) 
                 111.2(4) 
               
               
                   
                 N(6)—C(5)—H(5) 
                   109(3) 
               
               
                   
                 C(4)—C(5)—H(5) 
                   108(3) 
               
               
                   
                 C(10)—C(5)—H(5) 
                   107(3) 
               
               
                   
                 C(7)—N(6)—C(5) 
                 110.5(4) 
               
               
                   
                 C(7)—N(6)—C(17) 
                 108.4(4) 
               
               
                   
                 C(5)—N(6)—C(17) 
                 111.9(4) 
               
               
                   
                 N(6)—C(7)—C(8) 
                 111.6(4) 
               
               
                   
                 N(6)—C(7)—H(7A) 
                 109.3 
               
               
                   
                 C(8)—C(7)—H(7A) 
                 109.3 
               
               
                   
                 N(6)—C(7)—H(7B) 
                 109.3 
               
               
                   
                 C(8)—C(7)—H(7B) 
                 109.3 
               
               
                   
                 H(7A)—C(7)—H(7B) 
                 108.0 
               
               
                   
                 C(20)—C(8)—C(7) 
                 111.8(5) 
               
               
                   
                 C(20)—C(8)—C(9) 
                 111.7(5) 
               
               
                   
                 C(7)—C(8)—C(9) 
                 109.5(4) 
               
               
                   
                 C(20)—C(8)—H(8) 
                   108(2) 
               
               
                   
                 C(7)—C(8)—H(8) 
                   115(2) 
               
               
                   
                 C(9)—C(8)—H(8) 
                   100(2) 
               
               
                   
                 C(10)—C(9)—C(8) 
                 110.8(4) 
               
               
                   
                 C(10)—C(9)—H(9A) 
                 109.5 
               
               
                   
                 C(8)—C(9)—H(9A) 
                 109.5 
               
               
                   
                 C(10)—C(9)—H(9B) 
                 109.5 
               
               
                   
                 C(8)—C(9)—H(9B) 
                 109.5 
               
               
                   
                 H(9A)—C(9)—H(9B) 
                 108.1 
               
               
                   
                 C(9)—C(10)—C(11) 
                 112.9(4) 
               
               
                   
                 C(9)—C(10)—C(5) 
                 113.0(4) 
               
               
                   
                 C(11)—C(10)—C(5) 
                 109.9(4) 
               
               
                   
                 C(9)—C(10)—H(10) 
                   107(2) 
               
               
                   
                 C(11)—C(10)—H(10) 
                   108(2) 
               
               
                   
                 C(5)—C(10)—H(10) 
                   105(2) 
               
               
                   
                 C(16)—C(11)—C(12) 
                 115.5(5) 
               
               
                   
                 C(16)—C(11)—C(10) 
                 115.4(4) 
               
               
                   
                 C(12)—C(11)—C(10) 
                 129.1(5) 
               
               
                   
                 C(13)—C(12)—C(11) 
                 122.2(5) 
               
               
                   
                 C(13)—C(12)—H(12) 
                 118.9 
               
               
                   
                 C(11)—C(12)—H(12) 
                 118.9 
               
               
                   
                 C(12)—C(13)—C(14) 
                 122.6(5) 
               
               
                   
                 C(12)—C(13)—H(13) 
                 118.7 
               
               
                   
                 C(14)—C(13)—H(13) 
                 118.7 
               
               
                   
                 C(13)—C(14)—C(15) 
                 116.6(5) 
               
               
                   
                 C(13)—C(14)—H(14) 
                 121.7 
               
               
                   
                 C(15)—C(14)—H(14) 
                 121.7 
               
               
                   
                 N(1)—C(15)—C(14) 
                 134.0(5) 
               
               
                   
                 N(1)—C(15)—C(16) 
                 106.9(4) 
               
               
                   
                 C(14)—C(15)—C(16) 
                 118.9(5) 
               
               
                   
                 C(11)—C(16)—C(15) 
                 124.0(5) 
               
               
                   
                 C(11)—C(16)—C(3) 
                 127.7(5) 
               
               
                   
                 C(15)—C(16)—C(3) 
                 108.3(5) 
               
               
                   
                 N(6)—C(17)—C(18) 
                 113.3(5) 
               
               
                   
                 N(6)—C(17)—H(17A) 
                 108.9 
               
               
                   
                 C(18)—C(17)—H(17A) 
                 108.9 
               
               
                   
                 N(6)—C(17)—H(17B) 
                 108.9 
               
               
                   
                 C(18)—C(17)—H(17B) 
                 108.9 
               
               
                   
                 H(17A)—C(17)—(17B) 
                 107.7 
               
               
                   
                 C(19)—C(18)—C(17) 
                 126.6(7) 
               
               
                   
                 C(19)—C(18)—H(18) 
                 116.7 
               
               
                   
                 C(17)—C(18)—H(18) 
                 116.7 
               
               
                   
                 C(18)—C(19)—H(19A) 
                 120.0 
               
               
                   
                 C(18)—C(19)—H(19B) 
                 120.0 
               
               
                   
                 H(19A)—C(19)—(19B) 
                 120.0 
               
               
                   
                 O(21)—C(20)—N(22) 
                 120.2(5) 
               
               
                   
                 O(21)—C(20)—C(8) 
                 120.5(5) 
               
               
                   
                 N(22)—C(20)—C(8 
                 119.2(5) 
               
               
                   
                 C(20)—N(22)—C(23) 
                 124.7(5) 
               
               
                   
                 C(20)—N(22)—C(28) 
                 117.1(5) 
               
               
                   
                 C(23)—N(22)—C(28) 
                 117.3(5) 
               
               
                   
                 O(24)—C(23)—N(25) 
                 126.2(6) 
               
               
                   
                 O(24)—C(23)—N(22) 
                 120.1(6) 
               
               
                   
                 N(25)—C(23)—N(22) 
                 113.7(6) 
               
               
                   
                 C(23)—N(25)—C(26) 
                 119.2(6) 
               
               
                   
                 C(27)—C(26)—N(25) 
                 112.1(7) 
               
               
                   
                 C(27)—C(26)—H(26A) 
                 109.2 
               
               
                   
                 N(25)—C(26)—H(26A) 
                 109.2 
               
               
                   
                 C(27)—C(26)—H(26B) 
                 109.2 
               
               
                   
                 N(25)—C(26)—H(26B) 
                 109.2 
               
               
                   
                 H(26A)—C(26)—H(26B) 
                 107.9 
               
               
                   
                 C(26)—C(27)—H(27A) 
                 109.5 
               
               
                   
                 C(26)—C(27)—H(27B) 
                 109.5 
               
               
                   
                 H(27A)—C(27)—H(27B) 
                 109.5 
               
               
                   
                 C(26)—C(27)—H(27C) 
                 109.5 
               
               
                   
                 H(27A)—C(27)—H(27C) 
                 109.5 
               
               
                   
                 H(27B)—C(27)—H(27C) 
                 109.5 
               
               
                   
                 N(22)—C(28)—C(29) 
                 112.1(6) 
               
               
                   
                 N(22)—C(28)—H(28A) 
                 109.2 
               
               
                   
                 C(29)—C(28)—H(28A) 
                 109.2 
               
               
                   
                 N(22)—C(28)—H(28B) 
                 109.2 
               
               
                   
                 C(29)—C(28)—H(28B) 
                 109.2 
               
               
                   
                 H(28A)—C(28)—H(28B) 
                 107.9 
               
               
                   
                 C(30)—C(29)—C(28) 
                 116.1(9) 
               
               
                   
                 C(30)—C(29)—H(29A) 
                 108.2 
               
               
                   
                 C(28)—C(29)—H(29A) 
                 108.2 
               
               
                   
                 C(30)—C(29)—H(29B) 
                 108.2 
               
               
                   
                 C(28)—C(29)—H(29B) 
                 108.2 
               
               
                   
                 H(29A)—C(29)—H(29B) 
                 107.4 
               
               
                   
                 C(29)—C(30)—N(31) 
                 130.8(14) 
               
               
                   
                 C(29)—C(30)—H(30A) 
                 104.6 
               
               
                   
                 N(31)—C(30)—H(30A) 
                 104.6 
               
               
                   
                 C(29)—C(30)—H(30B) 
                 104.6 
               
               
                   
                 N(31)—C(30)—H(30B) 
                 104.6 
               
               
                   
                 H(30A)—C(30)—H(30B) 
                 105.7 
               
               
                   
                 C(32)—N(31)—C(30) 
                 115.1(17) 
               
               
                   
                 C(32)—N(31)—C(33) 
                 107.4(14) 
               
               
                   
                 C(30)—N(31)—C(33) 
                 106.3(13) 
               
               
                   
                 C(32)—N(31)—H(31) 
                 109.3 
               
               
                   
                 C(30)—N(31)—H(31) 
                 109.3 
               
               
                   
                 C(33)—N(31)—H(31) 
                 109.3 
               
               
                   
                 N(31)—C(32)—H(32A) 
                 109.1 
               
               
                   
                 N(31)—C(32)—H(32B) 
                 110.3 
               
               
                   
                 H(32A)—C(32)—H(32B) 
                 109.5 
               
               
                   
                 N(31)—C(32)—H(32C) 
                 109.0 
               
               
                   
                 H(32A)—C(32)—H(32C) 
                 109.5 
               
               
                   
                 H(32B)—C(32)—H(32C) 
                 109.5 
               
               
                   
                 N(31)—C(33)—H(33A) 
                 109.5 
               
               
                   
                 N(31)—C(33)—H(33B) 
                 109.3 
               
               
                   
                 H(33A)—C(33)—H(33B) 
                 109.5 
               
               
                   
                 N(31)—C(33)—H(33C) 
                 109.6 
               
               
                   
                 H(33A)—C(33)—H(33C) 
                 109.5 
               
               
                   
                 H(33B)—C(33)—H(33C) 
                 109.5 
               
               
                   
                 O(38)—C(34)—C(36) 
                 114.6(13) 
               
               
                   
                 O(38)—C(34)—C(37) 
                 112.0(15) 
               
               
                   
                 C(36)—C(34)—C(37) 
                 108.1(12) 
               
               
                   
                 O(38)—C(34)—C(35) 
                  95.6(10) 
               
               
                   
                 C(36)—C(34)—C(35) 
                 116.6(12) 
               
               
                   
                 C(37)—C(34)—C(35) 
                 109.5(12) 
               
               
                   
                 C(34)—C(35)—H(35A) 
                 109.5 
               
               
                   
                 C(34)—C(35)—H(35B) 
                 109.4 
               
               
                   
                 H(35A)—C(35)—H(35B) 
                 109.5 
               
               
                   
                 C(34)—C(35)—H(35C) 
                 109.5 
               
               
                   
                 H(35A)—C(35)—H(35C) 
                 109.5 
               
               
                   
                 H(35B)—C(35)—H(35C) 
                 109.5 
               
               
                   
                 C(34)—C(36)—H(36A) 
                 109.5 
               
               
                   
                 C(34)—C(36)—H(36B) 
                 109.4 
               
               
                   
                 H(36A)—C(36)—H(36B) 
                 109.5 
               
               
                   
                 C(34)—C(36)—H(36C) 
                 109.5 
               
               
                   
                 H(36A)—C(36)—H(36C) 
                 109.5 
               
               
                   
                 H(36B)—C(36)—H(36C) 
                 109.5 
               
               
                   
                 C(34)—C(37)—H(37A) 
                 109.6 
               
               
                   
                 C(34)—C(37)—H(37B) 
                 109.5 
               
               
                   
                 H(37A)—C(37)—H(37B) 
                 109.5 
               
               
                   
                 C(34)—C(37)—H(37C) 
                 109.4 
               
               
                   
                 H(37A)—C(37)—H(37C) 
                 109.5 
               
               
                   
                 H(37B)—C(37)—H(37C) 
                 109.5 
               
               
                   
                 C(34)—O(38)—C(39) 
                 110.3(13) 
               
               
                   
                 O(38)—C(39)—H(39A) 
                 109.5 
               
               
                   
                 O(38)—C(39)—H(39B) 
                 109.5 
               
               
                   
                 H(39A)—C(39)—H(39B) 
                 109.5 
               
               
                   
                 O(38)—C(39)—H(39C) 
                 109.5 
               
               
                   
                 H(39A)—C(39)—H(39C) 
                 109.5 
               
               
                   
                 H(39B)—C(39)—H(39C) 
                 109.5 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Anisotropic displacement parameters (Å 2  × 10 3 ). 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 U 33   
                 U 23   
                 U 13   
                 U 12   
                 U 11   
                 U 22   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 N(1) 
                  45(2) 
                  74(3) 
                  71(3) 
                    1(3) 
                  −18(2) 
                  −8(2) 
               
               
                 C(2) 
                  47(3) 
                  69(3) 
                  75(4) 
                  −8(3) 
                  −8(3) 
                  −12(3) 
               
               
                 C(3) 
                  41(3) 
                  60(3) 
                  63(4) 
                    0(3) 
                    0(3) 
                  −7(2) 
               
               
                 C(4) 
                  49(3) 
                  53(3) 
                  61(3) 
                  −7(3) 
                  −5(3) 
                  −7(2) 
               
               
                 C(5) 
                  35(3) 
                  54(3) 
                  56(3) 
                    0(3) 
                    9(3) 
                  −9(2) 
               
               
                 N(6) 
                  40(2) 
                  2(2) 
                  2(2) 
                  −3(2) 
                    58(3) 
                    50(2) 
               
               
                 C(7) 
                  45(3) 
                  67(4) 
                  58(3) 
                  −2(3) 
                  −17(3) 
                  −2(2) 
               
               
                 C(8) 
                  44(3) 
                  63(3) 
                  49(3) 
                    0(3) 
                  −4(3) 
                  −9(3) 
               
               
                 C(9) 
                  52(3) 
                  53(3) 
                  61(4) 
                  −10(3) 
                  −5(3) 
                  −4(2) 
               
               
                 C(10) 
                  37(3) 
                  52(3) 
                  53(3) 
                    0(2) 
                    4(3) 
                  −6(2) 
               
               
                 C(11) 
                  40(3) 
                  55(3) 
                  53(3) 
                    5(3) 
                  −3(3) 
                  −6(2) 
               
               
                 C(12) 
                  56(3) 
                  67(4) 
                  79(4) 
                  −18(3) 
                  −13(3) 
                    6(3) 
               
               
                 C(13) 
                  84(4) 
                  63(4) 
                  85(5) 
                  −2(3) 
                  −16(4) 
                    16(3) 
               
               
                 C(14) 
                  60(4) 
                  80(4) 
                  85(5) 
                    3(3) 
                  −24(4) 
                    14(3) 
               
               
                 C(15) 
                  39(3) 
                  67(3) 
                  60(3) 
                    2(3) 
                    2(3) 
                  −3(3) 
               
               
                 C(16) 
                  30(2) 
                  66(3) 
                  57(3) 
                  −12(3) 
                  −4(3) 
                  −2(2) 
               
               
                 C(17) 
                  64(3) 
                  48(3) 
                  71(4) 
                  −2(3) 
                  −12(3) 
                  −4(3) 
               
               
                 C(18) 
                  80(4) 
                  67(4) 
                  82(5) 
                    2(4) 
                  −14(4) 
                    16(3) 
               
               
                 C(19) 
                 107(6) 
                  82(5) 
                 118(7) 
                    20(5) 
                  −33(5) 
                    8(4) 
               
               
                 C(20) 
                  67(4) 
                  63(4) 
                  59(4) 
                    0(3) 
                  −16(3) 
                    6(3) 
               
               
                 O(21) 
                 159(5) 
                  80(3) 
                  65(3) 
                    3(3) 
                  −25(3) 
                  −19(3) 
               
               
                 N(22) 
                  58(3) 
                  70(3) 
                  64(3) 
                  −17(3) 
                  −12(3) 
                  −1(2) 
               
               
                 C(23) 
                  37(3) 
                  83(4) 
                  80(4) 
                  −3(4) 
                    1(3) 
                  −7(3) 
               
               
                 O(24) 
                  63(3) 
                  87(3) 
                 121(4) 
                  −38(3) 
                    29(3) 
                  −11(2) 
               
               
                 N(25) 
                  68(3) 
                  68(3) 
                  99(4) 
                  −10(3) 
                    18(3) 
                  −8(3) 
               
               
                 C(26) 
                  98(5) 
                  87(5) 
                 125(6) 
                  −18(5) 
                  −19(4) 
                    18(5) 
               
               
                 C(27) 
                 138(7) 
                 108(6) 
                 145(8) 
                  −8(5) 
                    31(7) 
                  −55(5 
               
               
                 C(28) 
                 121(6) 
                  97(5) 
                  66(4) 
                  −1(4) 
                    20(5) 
                  −30(4) 
               
               
                 C(29) 
                 197(10) 
                  87(5) 
                  69(5) 
                  −13(4) 
                    20(6) 
                  −16(6) 
               
               
                 C(30) 
                 490(30) 
                 275(19) 
                 620(40) 
                   270(30) 
                   510(40) 
                   260(20) 
               
               
                 N(31) 
                  64(4) 
                 125(5) 
                  86(4) 
                  −28(4) 
                    12(3) 
                    16(3) 
               
               
                 C(32) 
                  97(8) 
                 830(50) 
                 410(30) 
                 −440(30) 
                  −94(14) 
                   163(17) 
               
               
                 C(33) 
                 174(11) 
                 108(7) 
                 440(30 
                  −5(7) 
                   146(14) 
                 −104(11) 
               
               
                 C(34) 
                 176(10) 
                  99(6) 
                 167(11) 
                    35(7) 
                  −37(9) 
                    23(7) 
               
               
                 C(35) 
                 310(20) 
                 173(12) 
                 154(11) 
                    35(9) 
                    1(12) 
                    36(12) 
               
               
                 C(36) 
                 287(18) 
                 265(16) 
                 180(13) 
                    36(13) 
                  −1(14) 
                   157(15) 
               
               
                 C(37) 
                 380(30) 
                 450(30) 
                 240(20) 
                   150(20) 
                 −130(20) 
                 −270(30) 
               
               
                 O(38) 
                 294(14) 
                 195(10) 
                 318(17) 
                    71(10) 
                  −15(13) 
                    79(9) 
               
               
                 C(39) 
                 226(16) 
                 520(30) 
                 150(12) 
                   135(17) 
                   100(13) 
                   107(19) 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Hydrogen coordinates (× 10 4 ) and isotropic displacement 
               
               
                 parameters (Å 2  × 10 3 ). 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 x 
                 y 
                 z 
                 U(eq) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 H(1) 
                  3639 
                  7965 
                  4033 
                  76 
               
               
                   
                 H(2) 
                  4698 
                  6602 
                  4231 
                  76 
               
               
                   
                 H(4A) 
                  6839 
                  6781 
                  5198 
                  65 
               
               
                   
                 H(4B) 
                  5971 
                  6144 
                  5543 
                  65 
               
               
                   
                 H(7A) 
                  7998 
                  6822 
                  7667 
                  68 
               
               
                   
                 H(7B) 
                  6833 
                  7120 
                  7709 
                  68 
               
               
                   
                 H(9A) 
                  6313 
                  8738 
                  7310 
                  66 
               
               
                   
                 H(9B) 
                  7132 
                  9366 
                  6898 
                  66 
               
               
                   
                 H(12) 
                  5610 
                 10034 
                  6357 
                  81 
               
               
                   
                 H(13) 
                  4254 
                 10613 
                  5700 
                  93 
               
               
                   
                 H(14) 
                  3440 
                  9758 
                  4757 
                  90 
               
               
                   
                 H(17A) 
                  6942 
                  5463 
                  6282 
                  73 
               
               
                   
                 H(17B) 
                  6488 
                  5657 
                  7088 
                  73 
               
               
                   
                 H(18) 
                  8607 
                  5296 
                  6871 
                  92 
               
               
                   
                 H(19A) 
                  7342 
                  4678 
                  7968 
                 123 
               
               
                   
                 H(19B) 
                  8557 
                  4468 
                  7874 
                 123 
               
               
                   
                 H(26A) 
                 10014 
                 11161 
                  6822 
                 124 
               
               
                   
                 H(26B) 
                  8921 
                 11329 
                  6465 
                 124 
               
               
                   
                 H(27A) 
                  9579 
                 12739 
                  6690 
                 196 
               
               
                   
                 H(27B) 
                  9895 
                 12464 
                  7515 
                 196 
               
               
                   
                 H(27C) 
                  8727 
                 12590 
                  7307 
                 196 
               
               
                   
                 H(28A) 
                  9061 
                 10440 
                  8849 
                 114 
               
               
                   
                 H(28B) 
                  9011 
                  9444 
                  9216 
                 114 
               
               
                   
                 H(29A) 
                  7115 
                  9664 
                  9123 
                 141 
               
               
                   
                 H(29B) 
                  7709 
                 10094 
                  9809 
                 141 
               
               
                   
                 H(30A) 
                  7568 
                 11412 
                  9446 
                 553 
               
               
                   
                 H(30B) 
                  6515 
                 10962 
                  9256 
                 553 
               
               
                   
                 H(31) 
                  7785 
                 11341 
                  8157 
                 110 
               
               
                   
                 H(32A) 
                  6500 
                 10789 
                  7662 
                 668 
               
               
                   
                 H(32B) 
                  6199 
                 11850 
                  7693 
                 668 
               
               
                   
                 H(32C) 
                  5787 
                 11160 
                  8311 
                 668 
               
               
                   
                 H(33A) 
                  7251 
                 12799 
                  8166 
                 361 
               
               
                   
                 H(33B) 
                  7773 
                 12563 
                  8942 
                 361 
               
               
                   
                 H(33C) 
                  6567 
                 12581 
                  8874 
                 361 
               
               
                   
                 H(35A) 
                  4655 
                  9218 
                  8609 
                 317 
               
               
                   
                 H(35B) 
                  3963 
                  8438 
                  8247 
                 317 
               
               
                   
                 H(35C) 
                  5101 
                  8211 
                  8486 
                 317 
               
               
                   
                 H(36A) 
                  4569 
                  7745 
                 10398 
                 366 
               
               
                   
                 H(36B) 
                  5477 
                  8141 
                  9908 
                 366 
               
               
                   
                 H(36C) 
                  4971 
                  7180 
                  9698 
                 366 
               
               
                   
                 H(37A) 
                  2561 
                  8016 
                  9181 
                 537 
               
               
                   
                 H(37B) 
                  2985 
                  7364 
                  9821 
                 537 
               
               
                   
                 H(37C) 
                  3267 
                  7163 
                  8976 
                 537 
               
               
                   
                 H(39A) 
                  4068 
                  9101 
                 10751 
                 448 
               
               
                   
                 H(39B) 
                  3058 
                  8599 
                 10483 
                 448 
               
               
                   
                 H(39C) 
                  3106 
                  9693 
                 10507 
                 448 
               
               
                   
                 H(5) 
                  5810(40) 
                  7130(30) 
                  6580(30) 
                  48(13) 
               
               
                   
                 H(8) 
                  8320(30) 
                  8300(30) 
                  7000(30) 
                  38(12) 
               
               
                   
                 H(10) 
                  7210(30) 
                  8360(20) 
                  5890(20) 
                  30(10) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Solvate form A of cabergoline also gives distinctive x-ray powder diffraction pattern, as depicted in  FIG. 2 . The pattern has characteristic peaks expressed in degrees 2θ at approximately 7.9±0.2, 10.5±0.2, 16.5±0.2, 17.0±0.2, 18.1±0.2 and 23.8±0.2. 
     The results of a single crystal x-ray analysis are limited to, as the name implies, one crystal placed in the x-ray beam. Crystallographic data on a large group of crystals provides powder x-ray diffraction. If the powder consists of a pure crystalline compound, a simple powder diagram is obtained. To compare the results of a single crystal analysis and a powder x-ray analysis, a simple calculation can be done converting the single crystal analysis and powder x-ray diagram. This conversion is possible because the single crystal experiment routinely determines the unit cell dimensions, space group, and atomic positions. These parameters provide a basis to calculate a perfect powder pattern. 
     In addition, comparison of the powder pattern experimentally obtained from a large collection of crystals to the calculated powder pattern of solvate form A of cabergoline shows correlation and similarity to each other. These results are graphically displayed in  FIG. 2  and  FIG. 3  and in Table 7. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Calculated from single crystal X-ray analysis powder diffraction 
               
               
                 pattern (λ = 1.5418 Å radiation) where in I/I 1  represents 
               
               
                 the relative intensity: 
               
             
          
           
               
                 2θ (°) 
                 I/I 1   
                 h 
                 k 
                 l 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 7.943 
                 1000 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 8.457 
                 141 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
               
               
                 9.207 
                 213 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                 10.478 
                 650 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 11.755 
                 332 
                 0 
                 1 
                 2 
               
               
                 12.369 
                 62 
                 0 
                 2 
                 0 
               
               
                 13.603 
                 401 
                 1 
                 1 
                 2 
               
               
                 13.670 
                 62 
                 2 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                 14.139 
                 317 
                 1 
                 2 
                 0 
               
               
                 14.561 
                 342 
                 2 
                 0 
                 1 
               
               
                 15.002 
                 139 
                 1 
                 2 
                 1 
               
               
                 15.830 
                 228 
                 2 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 15.925 
                 95 
                 0 
                 2 
                 2 
               
               
                 16.506 
                 533 
                 1 
                 0 
                 3 
               
               
                 16.961 
                 593 
                 2 
                 0 
                 2 
               
               
                 17.343 
                 361 
                 1 
                 2 
                 2 
               
               
                 18.066 
                 521 
                 2 
                 1 
                 2 
               
               
                 20.462 
                 129 
                 1 
                 3 
                 1 
               
               
                 21.046 
                 278 
                 2 
                 2 
                 2 
               
               
                 21.155 
                 53 
                 0 
                 3 
                 2 
               
               
                 21.292 
                 319 
                 2 
                 1 
                 3 
               
               
                 22.079 
                 89 
                 3 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 22.113 
                 165 
                 1 
                 1 
                 4 
               
               
                 22.252 
                 133 
                 1 
                 3 
                 2 
               
               
                 22.913 
                 170 
                 3 
                 0 
                 2 
               
               
                 23.753 
                 539 
                 3 
                 1 
                 2 
               
               
                 23.889 
                 72 
                 2 
                 2 
                 3 
               
               
                 24.597 
                 124 
                 3 
                 2 
                 1 
               
               
                 24.628 
                 84 
                 1 
                 2 
                 4 
               
               
                 26.119 
                 57 
                 3 
                 2 
                 2 
               
               
                 26.320 
                 236 
                 3 
                 1 
                 3 
               
               
                 27.403 
                 59 
                 2 
                 2 
                 4 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       FIG. 2  shows an experimentally derived powder x-ray diffraction pattern of solvate form A of cabergoline and  FIG. 3  corresponds to the x-ray diffraction derived from the single crystal x-ray data. The peak overlap indicates that the two techniques yield the same results. The primary powder x-ray diffraction peaks provide an unambiguous description of the crystalline state of solvate form A for cabergoline. 
     A pure crystalline organic compound has, in general, a definite melting point range. The melting point is defined as the point at which the sample is entirely in the liquid phase. The crystalline solvate form A of cabergoline has a characteristic melting point range determined by the capillary method from 66 to 70° C. 
     The crystalline solvate form A of cabergoline was further characterized by an infrared absorption spectrum carried out in potassium bromide as depicted in  FIG. 4 . 
     The DSC thermogram of solvate form A of cabergoline is shown in  FIG. 5 . 
     Solvate form A of cabergoline was further characterized by a  1 H magnetic resonance spectrum in CDCl 3  and shows characteristic absorption bands for the tert-butyl methyl ether moiety at approximately δ (ppm) 1.16 (singlet) and 3.18 (singlet). The  1 H NMR spectrum of solvate form A of cabergoline is shown in  FIG. 6 . 
     Crude non-crystalline cabergoline may be prepared by the method described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,696,568. Alternatively, crude non-crystalline cabergoline may be prepared by the methods described by Ashford (2002), Brambilla (1989), Candiani (1995), GB 2,103,603, U.S. Pat. No. 4,526,892 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,382,669. The present invention provides method for purifying of the crude cabergoline from related impurities comprising recrystallizing or crystallizing, or triturating or/and reslurring of the crude cabergoline in tert-butyl methyl ether. Preferably, the method for purifying of crude cabergoline from related impurities comprises the steps of:
     a) recrystallizing or crystallizing, or triturating or/and reslurring of the crude solvate form A of cabergoline;   b) isolating the precipitated solid; and   c) drying the solid at 0–30° C. to obtain substantially pure solvate form A of cabergoline.   

     Alternatively, solvate form A of cabergoline also may be prepared by recrystallizing or crystallizing, or triturating or/and reslurring of any form of cabergoline in tert-butyl methyl ether. 
     Preferably, solvate form A of cabergoline may be prepared by:
     a) mixing any physical form of cabergoline with tert-butyl methyl ether;   b) isolating the precipitated solid; and   c) drying the solid at 0–30° C. to obtain desired crystals.   

     The solvate form A of cabergoline prepared by the method of the invention may be used in the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions, in a similar way as amorphous physical form of cabergoline. Thus, the present invention further provides the use of solvate form A of cabergoline in the manufacture of a medicament. Preferably, the medicament will be adapted for oral administration. Particularly suitable compositions for oral administration are unit dosage forms such as tablets and capsules. 
     The medicament may be prepared by combining the solvate form A of cabergoline with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. Preferably, a method for preparing a pharmaceutical composition from solvate form A of cabergoline, comprising the step of combining an amount of solvate form A of cabergoline, an amount of a granulating fluid, and an amount of pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. More preferably, the method for preparing a pharmaceutical composition from solvate form A of cabergoline comprises the step of:
     a) combining an amount of solvate form A of cabergoline, an amount of a granulating fluid, and an amount of pharmaceutically acceptable excipient;   b) blending to form a wet granulate; and   c) drying to obtain dry granules.   

     Most preferably, the method for preparing a pharmaceutical composition from solvate form A of cabergoline comprises the step of dissolving the solvate form A of cabergoline in the granulating fluid. 
     Preferably, the granulating fluid is water, organic solvent or combinations thereof. More preferably, the granulating fluid is ethanol, isopropanol or acetone. The excipient may be an acid, a carrier, a binder, a diluent, a lubricant, a glidant, an adjuvant or a combination thereof. Preferably, the acid is pharmaceutically acceptable organic or inorganic acid. More preferably, the acid is carboxylic acid, amino acid or combination thereof. 
     EXAMPLES 
     A better understanding of the present invention and of its many advantages will be had from the following non-limiting examples, given by way of illustration. 
     Experimental Details: 
     HPLC was carried out on a Merck-Hitachi Lachrom chromatographic system with UV detector. 
     Single crystal x-ray crystallographic analysis was performed on a Phillips PW 11000 diffractometer, ω/2θ mode, graphite monochromator, MoK α  radiation. 
     Powder x-ray diffraction patterns were obtained by methods known in the art using PANALYTICAL (Philips) X&#39;Pert Pro MPD x-ray powder diffraction system (CuK α  radiation, PW3050/60 goniometer, PW3011/20 proportional detector). The Bragg-Brentano scheme was used for beam focusing. 
       1 H spectra were recorded on a Bruker AM-200 (200 MHz) and Bruker AM-400 (400 MHz) instruments using CDCl 3  as a solvent. 
     Melting points were determined in open capillary tubes with Buchi B-545 capillary melting point apparatus and are uncorrected. The melting points of solvent form A of cabergoline generally depend upon their level of purity. Typically, solvent form A of cabergoline has been found to have a melting point between 66 and 70° C. 
     Infrared absorption spectra were obtained with a Nicolet Impact 410 FT-IR spectrophotometer equipped with Pike Technologies EasiDiff Diffuse Reflectance Accessory using a 5% dispersion of sample material in a potassium bromide over the wave number range 400 to 4000 cm −1 . 
     DSC graphs were recorded on a Mettler DSC 30 Differential Scanning Calorimeter. 
     Example 1 
     Solvate Form A of Cabergoline 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     Trimethylsilyl trifluromethanesulfonate (7.6 g, 34.2 mmol, 1.1 eq) was added dropwise during 2 hours to a stirred mixture of N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-6-allylergoline-8β-carboxamide (11.9 g, 31.5 mmol, 1 eq), triethylamine (3.8 g, 37.6 mmol, 1.2 eq) and dichloromethane (280 g) at −2° C. The mixture was stirred for 14 hours at 18° C. Ethyl isocyanate (11.1 g, 156.2 mmol, 5 eq) was added in one portion to the stirred mixture at 18° C. The obtained mixture was stirred for 48 hours at the same temperature. Tetrabutylammonium fluoride, 1.0 M solution in THF (30.4 g, 34.2 mmol, 1.1 eq) was added dropwise during 2 hours to the stirred mixture at −2° C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 hours at the same temperature and evaporated under reduced pressure. A solution of the residue in tert-butyl methyl ether was washed with aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate and aqueous solution of sodium chloride, dried over sodium sulfate and passed through short silica gel column. The column was washed with acetone and the acetone solution was evaporated under reduced pressure to give 9.6 g (68.2%) of cabergoline as amorphous solid with 98% purity by HPLC. A hot solution of the amorphous cabergoline in tert-butyl methyl ether was kept at 0–5° C. for 60 hours. The precipitated solid was filtered off, washed on the filter with cold tert-butyl methyl ether and dried under reduced pressure at 15–25° C. to give 8.5 g (50%) solvate form A of cabergoline as white crystals with mp 66–70° C. and 99.8% purity by HPLC. 
     Solvate form A of cabergoline was characterized by powder x-ray diffractometry and IR spectroscopy as set forth above and in  FIGS. 2 and 4 . Single crystal of solvate form A of cabergoline was isolated and used for determination crystallographic parameters (see Tables 1–6). 
     Example 2 
     Purification of Crude Cabergoline 
     Crude cabergoline with 97–99% purity by HPLC, prepared according to Brambilla (1989), Candiani (1995) or Ashford (2002) was crystallized from tert-butyl methyl ether to give after drying under reduced pressure at 15–25° C. solvate form A of cabergoline as off-white crystals with purity of at least 99.5% by HPLC. 
     Example 3 
     Solvate Form A of Cabergoline 
     A mixture of cabergoline (2.0 g) and tert-butyl methyl ether (4.5 mL) was stirred for 3 days at 0–5° C. Precipitated crystals were filtered off, washed on the filter with cold tert-butyl methyl ether (4.5 mL) and dried under reduced pressure at 15–25° C. to give 1.8 g (88%) solvate form A of cabergoline as off-white crystals. 
     Example 4 
     Amorphous Physical Form of Cabergoline 
     A solution of solvate form A of cabergoline (5.0 g) in diethyl ether (67 mL) was added dropwise during 1 hour to a stirred pentane (130 mL) at −25° C. The resulted mixture was stirred for 3 hours at the same temperature. Precipitated solid were filtered off and dried under reduced pressure at 20–25° C. to give 3.5 g of amorphous physical form of cabergoline. 
     Example 5 
     Amorphous Physical Form of Cabergoline 
     A solution of solvate form A of cabergoline (196.6 g) in diethyl ether (2.7 L) was added dropwise during 5 hours to a stirred pentane (5.2 L) at −20° C. The resulted mixture was stirred for 3 hours at the same temperature and evaporated under reduced pressure to give 154.3 g of amorphous physical form of cabergoline. 
     The amorphous physical form of cabergoline was characterized by x-ray powder diffractometry and infrared spectroscopy (see  FIGS. 7 and 8 ). 
     Example 6 
     Amorphous Physical Form of Cabergoline 
     A 6% solution of solvate form A of cabergoline in cyclohexane was lyophilized to give amorphous physical form of cabergoline. 
     Example 7 
     Amorphous Physical Form of Cabergoline 
     A solution of solvate form A of cabergoline in isopropanol was evaporated under reduced pressure at 45° C. to give amorphous physical form of cabergoline. 
     Example 8 
     Amorphous Physical Form of Cabergoline 
     A solution of solvate form A of cabergoline (1.0 g) in a mixture of acetic acid (2.5 g) and water (10 mL) was washed with heptane (5 mL) and added dropwise to a stirred 25% aqueous ammonia solution (5 mL) at 5–15° C. The resulting mixture was stirred for 0.5 hours at the same temperature. Precipitated solid was filtered off and dried under reduced pressure at 25–35° C. to give 0.6 g of amorphous physical form of cabergoline. 
     Example 9 
     Amorphous Physical Form of Cabergoline 
     A solution of solvate form A of cabergoline (1.0 g) in a mixture of acetic acid (2.5 g) and water (10 mL) was washed with heptane (5 mL). A 25% aqueous ammonia solution (5 mL) was added dropwise to the stirred solution of cabergoline at 5–15° C. The resulting mixture was stirred for 0.5 hours at the same temperature. Precipitated solid was filtered off and dried under reduced pressure at 25–35° C. to give 0.7 g of amorphous physical form of cab ergo line. 
     Example 10 
     Tablets Prepared from Amorphous Physical Form of Cabergoline 
     About one thousand tablets were compressed from the mixture of amorphous physical form of cabergoline (0.5 g), citric acid anhydrous (1.2 g), croscarmellose sodium (2.4 g), magnesium stearate (0.1 g) and microcrystalline cellulose (75.8 g). 
     Example 11 
     Tablets Prepared From Solvate Form A of Cabergoline 
     Granulate obtained by mixing of microcrystalline cellulose (75.1 g) and citric acid anhydrous (1.2 g) with a solution of solvate form A of cabergoline (0.6 g) in isopropanol was dried to give acceptable dry granules which were submitted to milling. The dried-milled granules were mixed with croscarmellose sodium (2.4 g) and with magnesium stearate (0.1 g). Finally, the lubricated blend was compressed to manufacture about one thousand tablets. 
     Although certain presently preferred embodiments of the invention have been described herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains that variations and modifications of the described embodiments may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that the invention be limited only to the extent required by the appended claims and the applicable rules of law.

Technology Classification (CPC): 2