Patent Abstract:
This invention relates to a Hybrid High Integrity Pressure Protection System (H-HIPPS) for severe services, the hybrid system includes a quick isolation subsystem between an overpressure zone and a normal pressure zone and a quick releasing subsystem between the overpressure zone and a lower pressure zone with quadruple redundancies for 30 year service without repair more particularly, the hybrid system has a novel valve and a novel pilot each with two independent plugs with metal to metal seal—(buckling seal) B ring assemblies and a novel (attachable)) A seal ring assembly to block or release over pressurize fluids without actuators for protecting the pipelines or the pressures vessels from surge pressure at the highest level of a system reliability with a fast block off time, redundant sensing valves, redundant releasing methods, redundant pressure protections, and cavitations and erosion suppressor.

Full Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
       [0001]    This application claims the benefit of provisional patent application Ser. No. 62/125,595 filed on Feb. 4, 2015 by the present inventor. 
     
    
     FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH 
       [0002]    No 
       SEQUENCE LISTING OR PROGRAM 
       [0003]    No 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0004]    This invention relates to a Hybrid High Integrity Pressure Protection System (H-HIPPS) for severo services, the hybrid system includes a quick isolation subsystem between an overpressure zone and a normal pressure zone and a quick releasing subsystem between the overpressure zone and a lower pressure zone with quadruple redundancies for 30 year service without repair, more particularly, the hybrid system has a novel valve and a novel pilot, each with two independent plugs with metal to metal seal (buckling seal) B ring assemblies and a novel (attachable) A seal ring assembly to block or release over pressurize fluids without actuators for protecting the pipelines or the pressures vessels from surge pressure at the highest level of a system reliability, the quick releasing subsystem has novel hybrid and redundant pressure relief mechanisms, redundant pressure sensing mechanisms and secondary pressure surges depressor, cavitations and erosion suppression and detect mechanisms, while quick isolation subsystem has redundant closures members and cavitations reducer can be used for a control valve or pressure regulator with the best both static and dynamic performances, in most cases, two valves are used, one for isolating fluids, one for regulating the fluids. 
         [0005]    When pipelines or pumping stations or piping terminals, pressurized fluids plants are in services, many times, the operations like open and closing, pumping and metering can cause water hammer and pressure surge, the pressure surge in pipelines or plant can cause many problems as following; (a) Axial temporal and permanent separation of flange joints (b) Pipe fatigue at weld joints (c) Longitudinal pipe splits (d) Severe damage to piping and piping supports (e) Severe damage to elbow (f) Pipe leak (g) High cost for constant repair (h) inaccurate metering due to leaks in supply stations (i) environmental pollution. 
         [0006]    There are two solutions for the problem (1) to block the overpressure fluid zone into a normal pressure zone or (2) to release the overpressure fluid into a low pressure zone, the conventional quick blocking subsystems like HIPPS based on API  170  is equipped with two shut off valves, two actuators and pressure transmitters and a feedback control system, but this subsystem at this point is just a combination of conventional parts like valves, actuators and pressure sensors and controller at a lower system reliability and is constructed under overpressure class at least three time in overpressure fluid zone even for a short period time and waste lot of materials and capacity in normal pressure conditions, so far there is no single valve or actuator, which are developed for the high integrity system, while the conventional quick releasing subsystem is constructed as overpressure safety device under U.S. Department of Transportation, Pipeline Safety Regulations, Hazardous Liquids Part 195, paragraph 195.428, the subsystem includes the pressure surge relief valve s like plug axial pressure surge relief valves, those valves are widely used in the pipeline protection from pressure surge and constructed with main three functions sensing, tracking and releasing, the plug axial pressure surge relief valves have two types, a gas loaded and a pilot operated configurations, the gas loaded pressure surge relief system has a fast response time about 250 millisecond, but it is equipped with external energy resources like pressurized bottle nitrogen, pressure regulator, check valve, tubing, insolated plenum bottle and control boxes, the subsystem not only increase cost and reduce a system reliability and sensible to temperature swing, but also has high operation cost to remain the set pressure with high cavitation and erosion, while the pilot relief system is operated by internal fluid energy with a compact pilot, but the pilot has a remote pressure sensing function and slow response time about two second or more and is less tolerated with dirty fluid and unreliable, every pressure releasing causes 10 to 30% pressure or energy loss and with high cavitation and erosion, in short the both type subsystems have no redundant system and cannot provide a good seal at low temperature, or high temperature and have high blow down pressure up to 30% and waste significant fluid energy and need constant seal goods replacements. 
         [0007]    So the flow control industry has long sought means of improving the performance of the pressure protection valve and systems valve, improving the seal, creating a robust hybrid, enabling the valve to handle various flows under multiple extreme conditions. 
         [0008]    In conclusion, insofar as I am aware, no such a system is formerly developed with fully metal to metal seal, hybrid highly reliable pressure protection system, easy manufacturing at low cost, they can be used for blocking and releasing overpressure fluids in sever service. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0009]    This invention provides a simple, robust, reliable and versatile hybrid pressure protection system for severe services or under extreme conditions. This hybrid pressure protection system not only release overpressure fluid into lower pressure zone but also block overpressure fluid into normal pressures zone, and greatly reduce total isolation time, increase reliability with four redundancies, the subsystem has a valve and a pilot, the valve has two pockets respectively to receive two plug assemblies, each plug assembly works as an independent valve, the pilot has two vertical bores respectively receive two pilot plug assemblies, each pilot plug assembly works as an independent pilot to control each closures assembly in the valve, each plug assembly has a metal B ring assembly for sustaining seals and Wiper slurry fluid or fluids with solid particles fast closing impact forces without damage, metal B ring assembly is based on buckling theory, the deformation of metal seal is away below yield strength of the material, the A ring with attachable function play a key role in the system for preventing pipe leak even under temporal separation of axial flange joint due to water hammer and keep the leakage between 0-50 ppm or under high thermal change and high pressure, the redundancy feature is applied for the valve and the pilot, those include two plug valves, two pressure sensing devices, two pressure relief paths, two pressure protection methods, reach the highest level of system reliability over all prior arts or existing products the system comprises three type system with a normal open, normal closed and the combination. 
         [0010]    This subsystem can be used for normal closed, normal open and between positions with small modifications, with a blind flange attached on the body, the subsystem has one inlet and one outlet for on-off or throttling applications, the pilot can be used for two pressure regulators with sensing port connected to outlet port. 
         [0011]    The erosion/cavitation reducing assembly is other feature for the system to reduce cavitation and erosion level, it comprises a pair of trims and a rotor assembly, the trim assembly comprise a pair of fins each fin is defined by a front surface, area of fin and gaps between each fin, the trim has step bore with pin hole with one pin installed between the elbow and the flange, the rotor assembly has a rotor, the rotor has three blades, one of the blade with a slot, so the rotator will generate a unbalanced rotation as the fluid pass, in turn the unbalanced rotation will create a designed vibration, and the vibrations feature will change as the erosion process developed, the gaps between the elbow wall and the blades will increase, the erosion can be monitored, detected and predicted through the vibration data, while one of the blade with magnetic material, so the rotation can be monitored detected by a magnetic sensor or instrument, so those two data can be verified with high accuracy, those devices are very useful and critical for subsea and underground pipeline or remote area, where human accesses are impossible or difficult. 
         [0012]    Finally the plug can be modified with a trim for handling cavitations and erosion application, the dynamic trim is installed in the outlet plug, the trim will not restrict the flow capacity as plug move between open and closed positions, in the most cases, the cavitation and erosion happen at small opening, as the plug has the conical front surface with multiple cylindrical rings to gradually restrict the open flow but with multiple holes to release the flow, such a arrange prevents the pressure drop below a fluid vapor pressure, so cavitations can be reduced or avoided, the front plate of the plug can be made with different materials from the base ring and be easily replaced. 
         [0013]    Accordingly, besides objects and advantages of the present invention described in the above patent, several objects and advantages of the present invention are:
       (a) To provide high redundant pressure protection system, such a system has the highest system reliability for serve services or extreme conditions.   (b) To provide a pressure sensing device with a fast response time and releasing time, so such a system can protect a pipeline or critical vessel for severe service and has long life and high reliability.   (c) To provide a metal to metal seal with ability to sustain high closing impact force for extreme conditions: fast closing, high pressure, cryogenic or high temperature or fire-safe applications. Such a seal ring can keep good static and dynamic seals with low leakage between 0-50 ppm.   (d) To provide a seal with an attachable feature under extreme conditions: high pressure, cryogenic or high temperature or fire-safe applications. Such a seal ring can keep good seals with low leakage between 0-50 ppm under axial temporal separation of flange joints.   (e) To provide a reliable pilot for controlling a valve in a pressure protection system, so the pilot can provide fast response time, reliable performance has and buildup-proof seal and mechanisms and long life for severe service.   (f) To provide a device with functions to reduce erosion and cavitation as well as to monitor, detect and predict the process of erosion and cavitation, so the system has an ability to prevent fluid leak and predict efficiently the repair damage or replacements at good timing before the accidents happen.   (g) To provide a highly efficient movable trim in a choked flow, so such a trim has a compact, simple structure to reduce the cavitations and erosions without high pressure drops.   (j) To provide a highly efficient trim to reduce the cavitations without reducing the flow capacity, so such a trim can handle slurry fluid or fluid with solid particles or dissipate fluid energy under high pressure like damping valve used in water dam.   (k) To provide a pressure protection system without external actuation, stem, so such a valve can avoid the actuation failure, a stem leak.   (l) To provide a pressure protection system with solid/liquid interaction mechanisms to reduce the blocking time and releasing time, so the system can reduce the damage of pressure surge to minimum and cost of the system.   (m) To provide fully metal to metal coal pressure protection system, so the system last 25 to 50 year service and fire safety service, the maintain period would increase at least five year period and reduce the operation cost and increase reliability.   (n) To provide heat reservoir mechanism, so the system can use less pressurized gas and reduce operation cost and increase reliability.       
 
         [0026]    Still further objects and advantages will become apparent from study of the following description and the accompanying drawings. 
     
    
     
       DRAWINGS 
       Drawing Figures 
         [0027]      FIG. 1  is an exploded, tripe cut view of a pressure protection subsystem constructed in accordance with this invention. 
           [0028]      FIG. 2  is an exploded, quarter cut view of a pilot of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0029]      FIG. 3  is a front view of valve of  FIG. 1   
           [0030]      FIG. 4  is a cross sectional view of valve of  FIG. 2  along line A-A. 
           [0031]      FIG. 5  is a cross sectional views of valve of  FIG. 2  along line B-B. 
           [0032]      FIG. 6  is a cross sectional view of valve of  FIG. 4  along line C-C. 
           [0033]      FIG. 7  is an “E” detail view of the valve of  FIG. 5 . 
           [0034]      FIG. 8  is a “D” detail view of in the valve of  FIG. 5 . 
           [0035]      FIG. 9  is a “F” detail view of in the valve of  FIG. 5 . 
           [0036]      FIG. 10  is a front view of pilot of  FIG. 2 . 
           [0037]      FIG. 11  is an ISO view of pilot of  FIG. 10   
           [0038]      FIG. 12  is a cross sectional view of pilot of  FIG. 10  along line A-A. 
           [0039]      FIG. 13  is a cross sectional view of pilot of  FIG. 10  along line B-B. 
           [0040]      FIG. 14  is an “E” detail view of pilot of  FIG. 12   
           [0041]      FIG. 15  is a “F” and “G” detail views of pilot of  FIG. 13   
           [0042]      FIG. 16  is a front view of subsystem of  FIG. 1   
           [0043]      FIG. 17  is a cross sectional view of pilot of  FIG. 16  along line J-J. 
           [0044]      FIG. 18  is a cross sectional view of pilot of  FIG. 16  along line K-K. 
           [0045]      FIG. 19  is a cross sectional view of valve of  FIG. 16  along line G-G 
           [0046]      FIG. 20  is a “T” detail view of valve of  FIG. 19   
           [0047]      FIG. 21  is a “M” detail view of valve of  FIG. 19   
           [0048]      FIG. 22  is a “P” detail view of valve of  FIG. 19   
           [0049]      FIG. 23  is a “L” detail view of valve of  FIG. 19   
           [0050]      FIG. 24  is a side view of an alternative subsystem of  FIG. 1   
           [0051]      FIG. 25  is a cross sectional view of valve of  FIG. 24  along line A-A. 
           [0052]      FIG. 26  is a cross sectional view of pilot of  FIG. 24  along line G-G. 
           [0053]      FIG. 27  is a side view of an alternative subsystem of  FIG. 1   
           [0054]      FIG. 28  is a cross sectional view of valve of  FIG. 27  along line B-B. 
           [0055]      FIG. 29  is a cross sectional view of valve of  FIG. 27  along line F-F. 
           [0056]      FIG. 30  is a “K” detail view of valve of  FIG. 25   
           [0057]      FIG. 31  is a front view of an alternative subsystem of  FIG. 1   
           [0058]      FIG. 32  is a cross sectional view of valve of  FIG. 31  along line K-K. 
           [0059]      FIG. 33  is a cross sectional view of valve of  FIG. 32  along line L-L. 
           [0060]      FIG. 34  is a cross sectional view of pilot of  FIG. 31  along line R-R. 
           [0061]      FIG. 35  is a cross sectional view of pilot of  FIG. 31  along line P-P. 
           [0062]      FIG. 36  is a front view of an alternative subsystem of  FIG. 1   
           [0063]      FIG. 37  is a cross sectional view of valve of  FIG. 36  along line A-A. 
           [0064]      FIG. 38  is a cross sectional view of valve of  FIG. 37  along line H-H. 
           [0065]      FIG. 39  is a cross sectional view of valve of  FIG. 36  along line C-C. 
           [0066]      FIG. 40  is a “J” detail view of valve of  FIG. 39 . 
           [0067]      FIG. 41  is a cross sectional view of valve of  FIG. 3G  along line D-D. 
           [0068]      FIG. 42  is a front view of an alternative subsystem of  FIG. 1   
           [0069]      FIG. 43  is a cross sectional view of valve of  FIG. 42  along line B-B. 
           [0070]      FIG. 44  is a cross sectional view of valve of  FIG. 43  along line D-D. 
           [0071]      FIG. 45  is a cross sectional view of pilot of  FIG. 42  along line A-A. 
           [0072]      FIG. 46  is a cross sectional view of pilot of  FIG. 42  along line F-F. 
           [0073]      FIG. 47  is a front view of an alternative pilot of  FIG. 42   
           [0074]      FIG. 48  is a cross sectional view of valve of  FIG. 47  along line G-G. 
           [0075]      FIG. 49  is a cross sectional view of valve of  FIG. 47  along line H-H. 
           [0076]      FIG. 50  is a ISO view of a pressure protection system constructed in accordance with this invention. 
           [0077]      FIG. 51  is a front view of the system of  FIG. 50   
           [0078]      FIG. 52  is a cross sectional view of the system of  FIG. 51  along line A-A. 
           [0079]      FIG. 53  is a cross sectional view of the system of  FIG. 51  along line B-B. 
           [0080]      FIG. 54  is a “H” detail view of gate valve of  FIG. 53 . 
           [0081]      FIG. 55  is a “E” detail view of gate valve of  FIG. 52 . 
           [0082]      FIG. 56  is a “F” detail view of gate valve of  FIG. 52 . 
           [0083]      FIG. 57  is a “L” detail view of gate valve of  FIG. 52 . 
       
    
    
     REFERENCE NUMBER IN DRAWING 
       [0084]      10  Pressure protection system 
         [0085]      20  Pressure relief valve 
         [0086]    Normal Closed 
         [0087]      20   a  Gas/liquid Pilot 
         [0088]      20   b  Gas/Gas pilot 
         [0089]      20   c  Liquid/liquid Pilot 
         [0090]      40  elbow assembly 
         [0091]      41  elbow 
         [0092]      42  step bore 
         [0093]      43  boss 
         [0094]      44  rotor hole 
         [0095]      45  trim assembly 
         [0096]      46  fin 
         [0097]      47  step 
         [0098]      48  gap 
         [0099]      60  pipe line 
         [0100]      61  elbow bore 
         [0101]      100  Valve a, b, c, d, e, f, 
         [0102]      101  body 
         [0103]      102  Inlet a, b 
         [0104]      103  Outlet,c 
         [0105]      104  Internal housing 
         [0106]      105  housing bore 
         [0107]      106  ID 
         [0108]      107  rib 
         [0109]      108  front surface 
         [0110]      109  seat pocket shoulder 
         [0111]      110  seat pocket 
         [0112]      111  groove bore with W teeth 
         [0113]      112  groove 
         [0114]      113  pocket port 
         [0115]      114  release port 
         [0116]      115  pocket hole 
         [0117]      116  cavity 
         [0118]      117  pocket 
         [0119]      118  seal shoulder 
         [0120]      119  OD forming step bore 
         [0121]      120  OD lock bore 
         [0122]      121  Seat pocket 
         [0123]      122  position groove 
         [0124]      123  side flange 
         [0125]      124  seat groove 
         [0126]      125  ID forming step bore 
         [0127]      126  Boss with W teeth 
         [0128]      127  snap ring groove 
         [0129]      128  seat 
         [0130]      129  ID lock bore 
         [0131]      130  plug assembly 
         [0132]      131  conical front plate 
         [0133]      132  OD 
         [0134]      133  step OD 
         [0135]      134  nose hole 
         [0136]      135  seat 
         [0137]      136  groove 
         [0138]      137  step 
         [0139]      138  joint hole 
         [0140]      139  cage 
         [0141]      140  base ring 
         [0142]      141  Front ID 
         [0143]      142  groove 
         [0144]      143  Step OD 
         [0145]      144  OD surface 
         [0146]      145  OD shoulder 
         [0147]      146  seat lock Hole 
         [0148]      147  bearing hole 
         [0149]      148  holder 
         [0150]      149  bottom slots 
         [0151]      150  B-ring assembly a,b,c,d,e 
         [0152]      151  engaged ring 
         [0153]      152  Internal surface 
         [0154]      153  External surface 
         [0155]      154  C shape groove 
         [0156]      155  C shape bump 
         [0157]      156  Front end 
         [0158]      157  Back end 
         [0159]      158  multiple cylindrical rings 
         [0160]      159  holes 
         [0161]      161  Support ring 
         [0162]      162  Internal surface 
         [0163]      163  External surface 
         [0164]      164  C shape groove 
         [0165]      165  C shape bump 
         [0166]      166  Front end 
         [0167]      167  Back end 
         [0168]      168  trim assembly 
         [0169]      169  screw hole 
         [0170]      170  snap ring 
         [0171]    fastener (setscrew or spring 
         [0172]      171  pin) 
         [0173]      172  seat 
         [0174]      173  needle 
         [0175]      174  gland 
         [0176]      175  needle valve 
         [0177]      176  rupture disc 
         [0178]      177  ball bearing assembly 
         [0179]      178  ball 
         [0180]      179  spring 
         [0181]      180  sensing valve 
         [0182]      181  groove 
         [0183]      182  middle wall 
         [0184]      183  volume substitute box 
         [0185]      184  solid head 
         [0186]      185  hollow head 
         [0187]      186  conical nose 
         [0188]      187  radial hole 
         [0189]      188  link hole 
         [0190]      189  screen 
         [0191]      190  unformed A ring 
         [0192]      273  hole 
         [0193]      274  top cover assembly 
         [0194]      280  clamp 
         [0195]      281  C shape lock ring 
         [0196]      282  position leg 
         [0197]      283  screw hole 
         [0198]      284  shear seal assembly 
         [0199]      191  OD 
         [0200]      192  ID 
         [0201]      193  Formed A ring 
         [0202]      194  W teeth groove 
         [0203]      194 ′ Mated W teeth groove 
         [0204]      195  adapter flange 
         [0205]      196  spring 
         [0206]      197  seal plug 
         [0207]      198  boss 
         [0208]      199  back plate 
         [0209]      20  Pressure block valve 
         [0210]    Normal Open/between 
         [0211]      20   d  Gas/liquid Pilot 
         [0212]      20   e  Liquid/liquid Pilot 
         [0213]      20   f  Liquid/liquid Pilot 
         [0214]      49  front surface 
         [0215]      50  pin hole 
         [0216]      51  pin 
         [0217]      52  elbow rotor assembly 
         [0218]      53  rotor 
         [0219]      54  shaft 
         [0220]      55  blade 
         [0221]      56  slot 
         [0222]      57  screw 
         [0223]      58  washer 
         [0224]      59  cover 
         [0225]      200  Pilot a,b,c,d,e,f,g 
         [0226]      201  body 
         [0227]      202  main passageway 
         [0228]      203  link passageway 
         [0229]      204  plug bore 
         [0230]      205  plug step bore 
         [0231]      206  seat bore 
         [0232]      207  seat step bore 
         [0233]      208  sense port 
         [0234]      209  top groove 
         [0235]      210  top step 
         [0236]      211  bottom groove 
         [0237]      212  top surface 
         [0238]      213  pocket port 
         [0239]      214  release port 
         [0240]      215  bottom surface 
         [0241]      216  plug cover 
         [0242]      217  hole 
         [0243]      218  spring gland 
         [0244]      219  adjustable screw 
         [0245]      220  top cover 
         [0246]      221  top hole 
         [0247]      222  groove 
         [0248]      223  screw hole 
         [0249]      224  snap ring 
         [0250]      225  fixed ring 
         [0251]      226  screw hole 
         [0252]      227  setscrew 
         [0253]      228  OD surface 
         [0254]      229  hole 
         [0255]      230  plug assembly 
         [0256]      231  plug 
         [0257]      232  front side 
         [0258]      233  back side 
         [0259]      234  front side OD 
         [0260]      235  back side OD 
         [0261]      236  front side step 
         [0262]      237  front side shoulder 
         [0263]      238  back side step 
         [0264]      239  back side shoulder 
         [0265]      240  seal bore 
         [0266]      241  spring 
         [0267]      242  front seal 
         [0268]      243  hole 
         [0269]      244  seal surface 
         [0270]      245  corner seal surface 
         [0271]      246  back seal 
         [0272]      247  hole 
         [0273]      248  seal surface 
         [0274]      249  corner seal surface 
         [0275]      250  B-ring assembly,a,b,c, 
         [0276]      251  engaged ring 
         [0277]      252  Internal surface 
         [0278]      253  External surface 
         [0279]      254  C shape groove 
         [0280]      255  C shape bump 
         [0281]      256  Front end 
         [0282]      257  Back end 
         [0283]    
       258 
     
         [0284]      259  notch 
         [0285]      260  seat cover 
         [0286]      261  front piston 
         [0287]      262  back plate 
         [0288]      263  front surface 
         [0289]      264  groove 
         [0290]      265  inlet port 
         [0291]      266  radial hole 
         [0292]      267  link hole 
         [0293]      268  main hole 
         [0294]      269  link slot 
         [0295]      270  base seal 
         [0296]      271  front surface 
         [0297]      272  back surface 
       DESCRIPTION 
       [0298]      FIGS. 1-57  illustrate a pressure protection system  10  and subsystem  20  constructed in accordance with the present invention, the pressure protection subsystem  20  has six models  20   a,    20   b ,  20   c,    20   d,    20   e,    20   f  with six types of valves  100   a,    100   b,    100   c ,  100   d,    100   e,    100   f  and seven types of pilots  200   a,    200   b,    200   c,    200   d ,  200   e,    200   f,    200   g.    
         [0299]    Referring  FIGS. 1-23,50 , the subsystem  20   a  has a valve  100   a  and a pilot  200   a , the valve  100   a  comprises a body  101   a  and two side flanges  123   a ,  123   a ′ connected with the body  101   a  on the right and left sides with two inlets  102   a ,  102   a ′, the body  101   a  has an internal housing  104   a  connected with the body  101   a  by three ribs  107   a ,  107   a ′, and  107   a ″, three ribs  107   a ,  107   a ′,  107   a ″ are respectively expended to three extrenal bosses  198   a,    198   a ′ and  198   a ″, two plug assemblies  130   a,    130  are respectively movably positioned in the internal housing  104   a  in an opposite direction between closed and open positions, the normal positions of the plug assemblies  130   a  and  130   a ′ are in the closed position, the valve  100   a  has two pockets  117   a,    117   a ′, pocket  117   a  is defined by a middle wall  182   a  and the plug assemblies  130   a  and internal housing  104   a , pocket  117   a ′ is defined by the middle wall  182   a  and the plug assemblies  130   a  and internal housing  104   a , the pocket  117   a,    117   a ′ are respectively connected to two pocket ports  113   a ,  113   a ′ into pocket holes  115   a ,  115   a ′ through the ribs  107   a ,  107   a,    107   a ″, the valve  100   a  has a cavity passageway  116   a  between the internal housing  104   a  and the body  101   a , between the body  101   a  and side flange  123   a , between the body  101   a  and side flange  123   a ′, the cavity  116   a  is expended to an outlet  103   a,  an inlet  102   a  is sealed out from the cavity  116   a  by B ring assembly  150   d , an inlet  102   a ′ is sealed out from the cavity  116   a  by B ring assembly  150   c , the cavity  116   a  is connected to release port  114   a,  a pressure sensing valve  180   a  is provided for sensing a pressure of pocket  117   a , a rupture disc  176   a  with a needle valve  176   a  is provided for pressure safety protection in case of overpressure fluid not releasing at presetting max pressure limit and for sealing after rupture disc  176   a  is ruptured, the pilot  200   a  has two pocket ports  213   a,    213   a ′ and a release ports  214   a,  two pocket ports  213   a,    213   a ′, release ports  214   a  are respectively connected to the pocket ports  113   a ,  113   a ′ and release port  114   a  on the valve body  101   a , and for control movements of the plug assemblies  130   a ,  130   a ′, the pilot  200   a  functions as two independent three-ways/two position valves and has two plug assemblies  230   a ,  230   a ′ to move between the two positions. 
         [0300]    Referring  FIGS. 1-6 , Body  101  includes the outlet  103  connected to the cavity  116   a  and connected with an adapted flange  195   a  to a fluid tank (not shown), the internal housing  104   a  has two grooves  112   a ,  112   a ′ in the right and left sides, the body  101   a  also the pocket hole  115   a  through the rib  107   a  to a boss  198   a ′ and the pocket hole  115   a ′ through the rib  107   a ′ to the boss  198   a ′, the pressure sensing valve  180   a  has a cylindrical seat ring  172   a  with an edge engaged with a conical needle  173   a  in a pocket hole  115   a  for open and closed operations, a holder  148   a  has four slots  149   a  at a bottom for supporting the seat  172   a  and releasing overpressure from the pocket  115   a  to cavity  116   a,  the needle  173   a  is biased by a gland  174   a  and spring  179   a  for sensing a fluid pressure in pocket  117   a , the rupture disc  176   a  and a needle valve  175   a  are installed with the holder  148   a ′ in pocket hole  115   a ′, a holder  148   a ′ has four slots  149   a ′ at a bottom for supporting the rupture disc  176   a  and releasing overpressure from the pocket  115   a ′ to cavity  116   a,  the needle valve  175   a  is used for sealing off the pocket  116   a ′ after rapture disc  176   a  is raptured, the body  102   a  has a lock groove  181   a.    
         [0301]    Plug assembly  130   a ′ is disposed in a left side of valve with functions of a gas pressure control, immediate sensing, tracking and has a solid head  184   a  and a front plate  131   a  and a base ring  140   a , the sealed pocket  117   a ′ is formed by the plug assembly  130   a ′, the middle wall  182   a  and the internal housing  104   a , the volume substitute box  183   a  constructed with the middle wall  182   a  is used for reducing the pocket  117   a ′ volume and the temperature effect and as a heat reservoir filled with liquids for averaging today and night time temperatures and reducing gas consumption. 
         [0302]    Referring  FIGS. 6-7 , plug assembly  130   a  is disposed in a right side of valve with functions of a liquid pressure control and immediate sensing, tracking and has a hollow head  185   a  and a front plate  131   a  and a base ring  140   a , the pocket  117   a  is formed by the plug assembly  130   a,  the middle wall  182   a  and the internal housing  104   a , the head  185   a  has a conical front  186   a  and three radial holes  187   a  extended to an axial hole  188   a  for communicating and creating a pressure difference between a fluid in the inlet  102  and a fluid in the pocket  117   a,  a screen  189   a  is placed outside head  185   a  for slurry fluid applications, the head  185   a  has two functions (1) when the pressure sensing valve  180   a  starts to open and release into pocket hole  115   a , the pressure in the pocket  117   a  start to drop and through hole  188   a  as well, head  185  will increase the pressure drop even bigger (2) when the pressure difference between the pocket  117   a  and inlet  102  become so big, the pressurized fluids in inlet  102   a  is to push the plug assembly  130   a  inwardly with full piston effect and full front area of the front plate  131   a , because of no front open holes in the head  185   a  and front plate  240   a , the fluid in the pocket  117   a  would pour out through two ways (a) pocket hole  115   a  and (b) head radial holes  187   a,  the relief streams of fluid through the head  185   a  release radially and to help the main fluids in inlet  102   a  even faster to release into the cavity  116   a  as the plug assembly  130   a  moves away from the closed position, the full piston effect creates the faster pressure relief than any existing pressure relief mechanism in comparison with the conventional relief valve with reduced piston areas due to open axial holes, the front plate  131   a  has a conical surface and a step bore  133   a  and four radial fastener holes  138   a  on the back side, the base ring  140   a  has four bearing holes  147   a  equally spanned on an outside diameter surface  144   a  respectively to receive four ball bearing assemblies  177  for supporting and balancing the plug assembly  130   a  and reducing moving frictions of the plug assembly  130   a,  the ball bearing assembly  177  has a ball  178  biased by spring  179 , the ball bearing assembly  177  is positioned over the groove  112   a  for stabilizing the plug assembly  130   a  at full open position for normal open applications and reducing speed of the plug assembly  130   a  and preventing secondary pressure surge as the plug assembly  130   a  is too fast to be closed for normal closed applications. 
         [0303]    Referring  FIG. 6-8 , a B ring (after Bump and Buckling) assembly  150   a  for providing dynamic seals under buckling condition between the cavity  116   a  and base ring  140   a ′ is positioned In the left side of the body  101   a , the B ring assembly  150   a  is disposed in a seat pocket  110   a  of Internal housing  104   a  and has an engaged ring  151   a  and a support ring  161   a , the engaged ring  151   a  has an inside diameter surface  152   a , an outside diameter surface  153   a,  a conical front end  156   a  and a conical back end  157   a , the support ring  161  has an inside diameter surface  162   a , an outside diameter surface  163   a,  a conical front end  166   a  and a conical back end  167   a , the engaged ring  151   a  inserted into ring  161   a  with a fit is rolled together for creating a C shape groove  154   a , a C shape bump  155   a  on the engaged ring  151   a  and a C shape groove  164   a , a C shape bump  165   a  on the support ring  161   a,  two sets of B ring assemblies  150   a  in series are disposed in seat pocket  110   a , the C bump  155   a  is engaged with the surface  144   a ′ for creating initial contact seal force at a presetting pressure on a surface  144   a ′ of base ring  140   a ′, the B ring  151   a  with front end  156   a  and  161   a  with front end  166   a  are engaged with a conical pocket shoulder  109   a  for providing supports and seals, the outside diameter surface  163   a  of support ring  161   a  is engaged with the seat pocket  110   a  for seals, the C groove  164   a  is engaged with a snap ring  170   a , four fasteners  171   a  are respectively fastener holes in the holes  169   a  to push the snap ring  170   a  and B ring  150   a  for creating a buckling condition at the C shape bump  155   a  between front end  156   a  and the C shape groove  154   a  and a buckling condition at the C shape bump  165   a  between front end  166   a  and the C shape groove  164   a  for increasing further contact seal force, between the C shape bump  155   a  and the surface  144   a ′ at a working seal pressure. 
         [0304]    Referring  FIGS. 6-9 , plug assembly  130   a  and a B ring assembly  150   b  are provided with dynamic seals between the cavity  116   a  and the base ring  140   a,  B ring assembly  150   b  has an engaged ring  151   b  and a support ring  161   b , the engaged ring  151   b  has an inside diameter surface  152   b , an outside diameter surface  153   b,  a conical front end  156   b  and a flat back end  157   b , the support ring  161   b  has an inside diameter surface  162   b,  an outside diameter surface  163   b,  a conical front end  166   b  and a flat back end  167   b , ring  161   b  inserted into ring  151   b  is rolled together for creating a C shape groove  154   b , a C shape bump  155   b  on ring  151   b  and a C shape groove  164   b , a C shape bump  165   b  on the ring  161   b , the C shape bump  155   b  is engaged with the surface  105   a  for an initial seal contract force between the internal housing  104   a  and a base ring  140   a , the engaged ring  151   b  with the front end  156   b  against a conical pocket shoulder  145   a  for supporting and creating an initial seal contact force between the C shape bump and the surface  105   a  at a presetting seal pressure, support ring  161   b  is engaged with the seat pocket  145   a  for seals, the inside diameter surface  162   b  of ring  161   b  is engaged with a conical surface of  143   a  for seals, fasteners  171   b  (setscrews or pins) are inserted in the hole  144   a  to push the ring  161   b  and create a buckling condition at the C shape bump  155   b  between front end  156   b  and the C shape bump  154   b  for increasing further contact seal force between the C shape bump  155   b  and the surface  105   a  at a working seal pressure. 
         [0305]    Referring  FIGS. 2, 12, 13 , the pilot  200   a  is a dual three-way/two position valve, pilot  200   a  has a cylindrical body  201   a , a pair of plug assemblies  230   a ,  230   a ′ and a pair of seat covers  260   a,    260   a ′ and a pair of base seals  270   a,    270   a ′, a pair of plug covers  216   a ,  216   a ′ and a top cover assembly  274   a  and clamp  280   a , the body  201   a  has two vertical plug bores  204   a,    204   a ′ from a top surface  212   a , bores  204   a,    204   a ′ respectively have step bores  205   a,    205   a ′ and to receive plug assemblies  230   a,    230   a ′, the body  201   a  has two horizontal seat bores  206   a ,  206   a ′, seat bores  206   a,    206   a ′ are respectively expended to the bores  207   a,    207   a ) and respectively to receive seat covers  260   a,    260   a ′, the body  201   a  has two main passageways  202   a ,  202   a ′ and two link passageways  203   a,    203   a ′ from a bottom surface  215   a , two main passageways  202   a,    202   a ′ are respectively expended to pocket ports  213   a,    213   a ′ and seat bores  206   a,    206   a ′, seat covers  260   a,    260   a ′ respectively are positioned in seat bores  206   a,    206   a ′ and have front pistons  261   a,    261   a ′ and back plates  262   a ,  262   a ′, front pistons  261   a,    261   a ′ respectively have inlet ports  265   a,    265   a ′ expended to main holes  268   a,    268   a ′, the pistons  261   a ,  261   a ′ respectively have seal surfaces  263   a,    263   a ′ and link holes  267   a ,  267   a ′ expended to radial hole  266   a,    266   a ′, front pistons  261   a ,  261   a ′ respectively have grooves  264   a,    264   a ′ connected to the radial holes  266   a,    266   a ′, plug assemblies  230   a,    230   a ′ are respectively positioned in the plug bores  204   a ,  204   a ′ and plug step bores  205   a ,  205   a ′ and are biased by springs  241   a,    241   a ′ and spring glands  218   a,    218   a ′, the plug bores  204   a ,  204   a ′ are respectively covered by plug covers  216   a,    216   a , plug covers  216   a,    216   a ′ respectively have holes  217   a,    217   a′ , top cover assembly  274   a  has a top cover  220   a , fixed ring  225   a , snap ring  224   a  and eight setscrew  227   a , top cover  220   a  placed on plug covers  216   a,    216   a ′ has bores  221   a,    221   a ′ respectively to aligned with holes  217   a ,  217   a ′ and a groove  222   a  and eight threaded holes  223   a  equally located on an outside diameter surface  228   a  of the top cover  220   a  and expended to the groove  222   a , the body  201   a  has a step  210   a  with a cyclical groove  209   a , the snap ring  224   a  is placed between the groove of  222   a  and groove  209   a , each of four setscrew  227   a  is threaded in each of four holes  223   s  in the top cover  223   a  to press the snap ring  224   a  into the groove  209   a  of the body  201   a , a fixed ring  225   a  is placed on the top cover  220   a  to prevent the setscrew  227   a  from falling out and has four holes  229   a  respectively aligned up with four holes  223   s  without the setscrew  223  to block the setscrew  227   a,  each of four setscrew  227   a  is respectively threaded through holes  229   a  into thread holes  223   a  for securing a joint between fixed ring  225   a  and the top cover  220   a,  each of base seals  270   a ,  270   a ′ has one of holes  273   a,    273   a ′, one of front seal surfaces  271   a,    271   a ′, one of back seal surfaces  272   a ,  272   a ′, the plug assemblies  230   a,    230   a ′ respectively have plugs  231   a ,  231   a ′ and shear seal assemblies  284   a ,  284   a ′, shear seal assemblies  284   a,    284   a ′ respectively have front seal plates  242   a ,  242   a ′, B rings  250   a,    250   a ′ and back seal plates  246   a,    246   a ′, shear seal assemblies  284   a ,  284   a ′ respectively are disposed in seal radial bores  240   a ,  240   a ′ and are against surfaces  264   a ,  264   a ′ and surfaces  248   a,    248   a ′ for seals, the clamp  280   a  has a lock ring  281   a  and leg  282   a  with two sections, the clamp  280   a  is placed between groove  211   a  on pilot  200   a  and a groove  181   a  on the valve  200   a  for securing a joint, leg  282   a  has a fit with groove  181   a,  if the joint is permanent, the inference fit will be used, if the joint is a semi-permanent joint or for high vibration applications, the transitional fit will be used, the joint method replaces the conventional long through screw joint with benefit of redundancy of joint, less machining and high structure integrity, because of the clamp structure, the clamp  280   a  still has flexibility like long screw, bolts (not shown) are used for securing the joint between valve  100   a  and pilot  200   a.    
         [0306]    Pilot  200   a  has the pocket port  213   a,  release port  214   a  respectively connected to the pocket port  113   a  and release port  114   a  on the valve  100   a  for the liquid pressure control pressure track and pressure sensing, a distance sensing fluid from the upstream overpressure zone about 10 to 20 times diameter pipe away is connected to port  208   a , a pressure fluid from the upstream fluid zone is connected to the inlet port  265   a , the inlet port  265   a  is connected to main passageway  202   a  through holes  268   a,    243   a ,  247   a , and B ring  250   a  of seat assembly  284   a , plug assembly  230   a  disposed in the plug bore  202   a , the plug assembly  230   a  is biased by spring  241   a  at a lower position as a pressure in the sensing port  208   a  is lower than a presetting pressure, a pocket port  213   a  is connected with main passageway  202   a.    
         [0307]    Pilot  200   a  has the blocked release port  214   a,  the pocket port  213   a ′ is connected to port  114   a  on the valve  100   a  for the gas pressure control, pressure track and pressure sensing, a regulated gas is connected to hole  217   a ′ for a presetting pressure against a pressure in the sensing port  208   a ′, the regulated gas in hole  217   a ′ is connected to main passageway  202   a ′ through passageway  203   a ′, groove  264   a ′ and holes  266   a ′,  267   a ′,  247   a ′  243   a ′, main passageway  202   a ′ is connected to port  213   a ′, the inlet port  265   a ′ is as a release port, as the plug assembly  230   a  is biased by spring  241   a ′ and the regulated gas is at a lower position, as a pressure in the sensing port  208   a  is lower than a presetting pressure due to force of spring  214   a  and a difference area between plug bore  204   a ′ and plug step bore  205   a ′, a pocket port  213   a  is connected with main passageway  202   a.    
         [0308]    Referring  FIGS. 14 to 15 , Plug assembly  230   a  is assembled with shear seal assembly  284   a , the shear seal assembly  284   a  has the front seat  242   a,  back seat  246   a  and B ring  250   a,  front seat  242   a  has a flat seal surface  244   a  and an edge seal fillet  245   a , back seat  246   a  has an edge seal fillet  249   a  and a flat seal surface  248   a,  B ring  250   a  has an engaged ring  251   a,  the engaged ring  251   a  has an inside diameter surface  252   b , an outside diameter surface  253   a,  a conical front end  256   a  and a conical back end  257   a  ring  251   a  is rolled for creating C shape groove  254   b , a C shape bump  255   b,  the C shape bump  255   a  is engaged with the surface  240   a  with a non-inference fit, B ring  250   a  is placed between front seat  242   a  and back seat  246   a  for creating buckling condition at the C shape bump  255   a  under compression between front seat  242   a  and back seat  246   a,  the front end  256   a  is engaged with the corner  249   a  for seals between B ring  250   a  and back seat  246   a,  while the back end  257   a  is engaged with the corner  245   a  for seals between B ring  250   a  and front seat  242   a . Plug assembly  230   a  has a plug  231   a ′ and B ring  250   b , the plug  231   a ′ has a step bore  236   a ′ expended to a shoulder  236   a ′, B ring  250   b  has an engaged ring  251   b,  the engaged ring  251   b  has an inside diameter surface  252   b , an outside diameter surface  253   b,  a conical front end  256   b  and a “L” back end  257   b , ring  251   b  is rolled for creating a C shape groove  254   b , a C shape bump  255   b , the engaged ring  251   b  placed in step bore  236   a ′ has the front end  256   b  against shoulder  236   a ′ for supporting and creating an initial seal contact force between the C shape bump  255   b  and the surface  204   a ′ at a presetting seal pressure, a lock ring  258   b  with a slot placed in step  236   a  with a press fit is forced to push ring  251   b  for creating a buckling condition at a C shape groove  254   b  and C shape bump  255   b  for increasing further contact seal force between the C shape bump  255   b  and the surface  204   a ′ at a working seal pressure, the slot can be broken for replacement of new B ring  250   b,  an engaged ring  250 C is the same as  250   b.    
         [0309]    Referring  FIGS. 16,17,18,19 , the plug assembly  230   a  in pilot  200   a  move up due to the increased pressure in sensing port  208   a , the pocket port  213   a  is connected to release port  214   a  through main passageway  202   a ′, shear seal assembly  284   a,  hole  267   a  and passageway  203   a , the plug assembly  130   a  moves away from a closed position, the plug assembly  230   a ′ in pilot  200   a  moves up due to the pressure in sensing port  208   a ′ increase over a presetting pressure, the pocket port  213   a ′ is connected to release port  265   a ′ through main passageway  202   a ′, shear seal assembly  284   a ′, hole  268   a ′, the gas pressure from pocket port  213   a ′ is increased over the limit by at least 10% due to temperature change not working pressure change, especially in summer between the day and night time, this pressure release method only release the hottest portion of gas from the pocket  117   a ′, while the conventional method is to release the gas outside the valve and between the valve and a gas storage so those gases which are not hot hut high pressure in the gas storage are released, the conventional method wastes 30% of regulated, pressurized gas in comparison with this method. 
         [0310]    Referring  FIGS. 20 , the plug assembly  130   a  has a front plate  131   a , a base ring  140   a  and four fasteners  171   a , the front plate  131   a  has a step bore  133   a  and four holes  138   a , base ring  140   a  has a groove  142   a  and a conical bore  141   a  engaged with the mating step bore  133   a  of front plate  131   a , four fastener  117   a  (setscrews or pins) are respectively inserted in the holes  138   a  into the groove  142   a  for securing a repairable joint between the front plate  131   a  and base ring  140   a , four fastener  117   a  (spring pins) can be used for securing a permanent join between the front plate  131   a  and base ring  140   a.    
         [0311]    Referring  FIG. 21 , plug assembly  130   a ′ and B ring assembly  150   c  are provided with seals between the side flange  123   a ′ and front plate  131   a ′ in the left side of the body  101   a , the side flange  123   a ′ has a snap ring groove  127   a ′ with four fastener  171   a , the B ring assembly  150   c  is disposed in a seat pocket  121   a ′ of side flange  123   a ′ and has an engaged ring  151   c  and a support ring  161   c  the engaged ring  151   c  has an inside diameter surface  152   c,  an outside diameter surface  153   c , a conical front end  156   c  and a “L” back end  157   c , the support ring  161   c  has an inside diameter surface  162   c , an outside diameter surface  163   c , a conical front end  166   c  and a flat back end  167   c , ring  151   c  inserted into ring  161   c  with a fit is rolled together for creating a C shape groove  154   c , a C shape Bump  155   c  on engaged ring  151   c  and a C shape groove  164   c , a C shape bump  165   c  on the support ring  161   c  the C shape bump  155   c  has a clearance fit with seat  135   a ′, when the plug assembly  130   a ′ is approached to the seat  135   a ′, support ring  161   c  with a longer front end  166   c  first is engaged with a conical pocket shoulder  137   a ′ for absorbing closing impact forces and creating a buckling condition to force C shape bump  155   c  to move outward for providing seals between front end  166   c  and shoulder  137   a ′, then the engaged ring  151   c  with front end  156   c  is engaged with conical pocket shoulder  137   a ′ for absorbing closing impact forces and creating a buckling condition to force C shape bump  155  to engaged with seat  135   a ′ at a presetting working pressure, the outside diameter surface  163   c  of support ring  161   a  is engaged with the seat pocket  110   a  for seals, a snap ring  170   a  is placed in the groove  127   a ′, four fasteners  171   a  are to push the snap ring  170   a  to engaged with the C shape groove  164   c  of ring  161   c  for securing a joint between the B ring  150   c  and seat pocket  121   a′.    
         [0312]    Referring  FIG. 22 , plug assembly  130   a  and a B ring assembly  150   d  are provided with seals between the side flange  123   a  and the front plate  131   a,  B ring assembly  150   d  has an engaged ring  151   d  and a support ring  161   d , the engaged ring  151   d  has an inside diameter surface  152   d , an outside diameter surface  153   d , a conical front end  156   d  and a “L” back end  157   d , the support ring  161   d  has an inside diameter surface  162   d,  an outside diameter surface  163   d,  a conical front end  166   d  and a flat back end  167   d , support ring  161   d  inserted into engaged ring  151   d  is rolled together for creating a C shape groove  154   c , a C shape bump  155   d  on engaged ring  151   d  and a C shape groove  164   d , a C shape bump  165   d  on the support ring  161   d , the C shape bump  155   d  has a clearance fit with seat  118   a,  when the plug assembly  130   a  is approached to the seat  118   a,  support ring  161   d  with a longer front end  166   d  is engaged first with a conical pocket shoulder  128   a  for absorbing closing impact forces and creating a buckling condition to force C shape bump  155   d  to move outward for providing seal between front end  166   d  and shoulder  128   a , then the engaged ring  151   d  with front end  156   d  is engaged with conical pocket shoulder  128   a  for absorbing closing impact forces and creating a bucking condition to force C shape bump  155   d  to engaged with seat  118   a  at a presetting working pressure, the outside diameter surface  153   d  of ring  151   d  is engaged with a step of front plate  131   a , the “L” back end  157   d  is locked in step  137   a  for securing a joint between the ring  150   c  and plug assembly  130   a.    
         [0313]    Referring to  FIG. 23 , a formed A ring  193   a  is placed between body  101   a  and side flange  123   a.  the body  101   a  has W shape teeth  111   a  with an angle between 75 to 105 degree in a lock conical bore  120   a  and an outside diameter forming step bore  119   a , the side flange  123   a  has a mating boss  126   a  with mated W teeth and a conical lock bore  129  a and inside diameter forming step bore  125   a , a unformed  190   a  has an outside diameter  192   a  placed in the forming step bore  119   a  and an inside diameter surface  192   a  placed in the inside diameter forming step bore  125   a , after body  101  and said flange  123   a  are compressed, the unformed  190   a  becomes A formed ring  193   a  with W shape, the inside diameter surface  192   a  is attached to lock bore  129   a  and the outside diameter  191   a  is attached to lock bore  120   a , there are other two unformed A rings  190   a ′ and  190   a ′, A ring  190   a ′ has only inside diameter  192   a ′ attached to lock bore  129   a , A ring  190   a ″ has only outside diameter  191   a ″ attached to lock bore  120   a,  the attached A ring  190   a  is provided with robust seal solution even when the subsystem under water hammer and temporal axial flange separation, so far there is no attachable seal ring in use to solve the operation problem. 
         [0314]    Referring to  FIGS. 24-30 , the subsystem  20   b  based on subsystem  20   a  comprises valve  100   b  and pilot  200   b , the valve  100   b  has two plug assemblies  130   b ,  103   b  for two gas pressure controls, two pressure tracking and two pressure relief, the subsystem  20   c  based on subsystem  20   a  comprises valve  100   c  and pilot  200   c , a valve  100   c  based on valve  100   a  comprises two plug assemblies  130   c ,  103   c  for two liquid pressure control, two pressure tracking and two pressure relief, B ring  150   e  is placed in grooves  194   b  and  194   b ′, each groove  194   b,    194   b  have respectively bottom fillets and corners chamber, B ring  150   e  has an engaged ring  151   e,  the engaged ring  151   e  has an inside diameter surface  152   e , an outside diameter surface  153   e,  a conical front end  156   e  and a conical back end  157   e , ring  151   e  is rolled for creating a C shape groove  154   e , a C shape bump  155   e,  the C shape bump  155   e  is engaged with the chamfers both grooves  194   b ,  194   b ′, the both ends  157   e,    156   e  are respectively engaged with two chamfers of grooves  194   b ,  194   b ′ under a buckling condition. 
         [0315]    Referring to  FIGS. 31 to 35 , the subsystem  20   d  based on subsystem  20   a  has a valve  100   d  and pilot  200   d , the valve  200   d  comprises two plug assemblies  130   d,    103   d ′ for blocking off, the valve  100   d  has one inlet  102   d  and one outlet  103   d  and a blind flange  195   d , two release ports  114   d ,  114   d ′ are blocked, the pocket ports  113   d ,  113   d  are open and respectively connected to pocket ports  213   d  and  213   d ′ on the pilot  200   d  for gas or liquid pressure controls, the plug assembly  130   d ′ is located on a side of an inlet  102   d  and sealed off by a head  184   d ′ and biased by a spring  196   d ′ at a normal open position, the plug assembly  130   d  is located on a side of an outlet  102   d  and sealed off by a head  184   d  at a normal open position, the head  184   d  is connected with a back plate  199   d  in a spring cage  139   d , the spring cage  139   d  holds spring  199   d  for pushing plug assemble  130   d  inwardly and is trend to open, the cage  139   d  is secured with the middle wall  182   d  with bolts (not shown), pilot  200   d  has pocket ports  213   d,    213   d ′ and release port  214   d , release ports  114   d ,  114   d ′ are blocked, the pocket ports  213   d ,  213   d ′ are open and respectively connected to pocket ports  113   d ,  113   d  on the valve  100   d,  the sensing fluid comes into ports  208   d ,  208   d ′ and against the plug assembly  230   d  and  203   d ′, the fluid in the pockets  117   d,    117   d ′ are respectively connected respectively to ports  202   d,    202   d ′ through ports  213   d ,  213   d ′, when a fluid pressure rises in the ports of  208   d  or  208   d ′, the plug assembly  230   d  will move up and connect port  268   d  to  202   d , port  268   d  is connected actuation fluid (not shown), the plug assembly  230   d ′ will move up and connect port  268   d ′ to  202   d ′, then the plug assembly  130   d  and  130   d ′ in valve  100   d  will move to closed positions. 
         [0316]    Referring to  FIGS. 36-41 , a subsystem  20   e  based on subsystem  20   d  comprise a valve  100   e  and pilot  200   e , valve  100   e  comprises two plug assemblies  130   e,    103   e ′ for pressure regulation applications, two release ports  114   e ,  114   e ′ are open and respectively connected with release ports  214   e  and  214   e ′ on pilot  200   e , the pocket ports  113   e ,  113   e  are open and respectively connected with pocket ports  213   e  and  213   e ′ on the pilot  200   e , the plug assembly  130   e ′ is located on a side of an inlet  102   e,  the plug assembly  130   e ′ is located on a side of an outlet  102   e , pilot  200   e  has pocket ports  213   e,    213   e ′ and release ports  214   e,    214   e ′, release ports  214   e ,  214   de ′ are open and respectively connected to pocket ports  114   ed ,  114   e ′ on the valve  100   e,  the pocket ports  213   e,    213   e ′ are open and respectively connected with pocket ports  113   e ,  113   e  on the valve  100   e,  sensing fluids come into ports  208   e ,  208   e ′ and against the plug assemblies  230   e  and  230   e ′, the pockets  117   e,    117   e ′ are respectively connected to ports  202   e,    202   e ′, the plug assembly  230   e ′ is disposed in plug bore  204   e  with a spring  241   e ′, a pressurized fluid is constantly connected to ports  267   e ′ and  268   e  by a slot  269   e  for regulating the pressurized fluid at a smaller step but more frequency, seat cover  260   e ′ has a slot  269   e ′ for communication between hole  268   e ′ and  267   e ′, the slot  269   e ′ is constructed by three profiles, flat, comical and spherical, while the plug assembly  230   e  without a slot is disposed in plug bore  204   e  with a spring  241   e , a pressurized fluid is constantly connected to ports  268   e ,  268   e ′, ports  267   e  is connected to passageway  203   e  to release, so plug assembly  230   e ′ acts as a control valve but moves fast with small changes, while plug assembly  230   e  acts as an on-off valve and move slow with large changes such a combination create the best dynamic and static performances with fast response but stable output fluid, no single pressure regulator can have such performance, plug assembly  130   e ′ has a conical front plate  131   e ′ on the outlet  103   e , the conical front plate  131   e ′ has a dynamic trim  168   e  the trim  168   e  has multiple coaxial cylindrical rings  158   e ′ with multiple horizontal holes  159   e ′ for controlling a relief fluid pressure drop above a vapor pressure and preventing cavitation, such a dynamic trim  168   e  not only control cavitation very effectively at small opening where the most cavitations happen, but also open the fluid area when the plug assembly  130   e ′ at an open position and does not reduce the flow capacity unlike conventional static trim, the trim can be constructed as welding part or as an integral part with the front plate  131   e.    
         [0317]    Referring to  FIGS. 42-46 , a subsystem  20   f  based on subsystem  20   e  comprises a valve  100   f  and pilot  200   f , the valve  100   f  comprises two plug assemblies  130   f,    130   f′  for pressure regulation applications, the two release ports  114   f ,  114   f′  are blocked, the pocket ports  113   f ,  113   f  are open and respectively connected with pocket ports  213   f  and  213   f ′ of pilot  200   f , the pocket ports  213   d,    213   d ′ are open and respectively connected with pocket ports  113   f ,  113   f ′ on the main valve  100   f,  fluids in sensing ports  208   f ,  208   f′  are respectively connected to ports  213   g ,  213   g ′ and are against the plug assembly  230   f  and  230   f ′, the pockets  117   f,    117   f  are respectively connected respectively with ports  202   f,    202   f ′ through the pocket ports  113   f ,  113   f , the plug assembly  230   f  is disposed in plug bore  204   f  with a strong spring  241   f,  a pressurized fluid is constantly connected to port  268   f  by a slot  269   e  for regulating the pressurized fluid at a larger step but less frequency, the slot  269   e ′ is constructed by three profiles, flat, comical and spherical, while the plug assembly  208   e  is disposed in plug bore  234   e ′ with a weak spring  241   f  for regulating the pressurized fluid at a smaller step but high frequency, such a combination creates the best dynamic and static performances with fast response but stable output fluid, no single pressure regulator can have such performances. 
         [0318]    Referring to  FIGS. 47-49 , a pilot  200   g  based on  200   f  has two plug assemblies  230   g,    230   g ′, both pocket ports  213   dg ,  213   g ′ and release ports  214   g ,  214   g ′ are open and for receiving and releasing fluids as an independent pilot, both pocket ports  213   g ,  213   g ′ are respectively connected to sensing ports  208   g ,  208   g ′, the valve  200   g  acts as two pressure regulators, a pressurized fluid through  265   g  and  268   g  port is connected to port  243   g  at a low pressure, when a fluid pressure in port  213   g  increases, the plug assembly  230   g  will move up, the port  243   g  will connected to  267   g  to release the overpressure fluid, when a fluid pressure in port  213   g  decreases, the plug assembly  230   g  will move down, the port  243   g  will connected to  268   g  to receive the pressurized fluid and increases the fluid pressure In port  213   g , because of the slots  269   e , the pressure change is seamless and stable for precision control applications. 
         [0319]      FIGS. 50-57  illustrate a hybrid pressure protection system  10  constructed in accordance with the present invention, the system  10  includes one of subsystems  20   e  for isolating over-pressurized fluid at a normal open position, one of subsystems  20   a,    20   b,    20   c  for releasing over-pressurized fluid at a normal closed position and subsystem  20   f ,  20   g  for both applications and a pipe  60  and two elbow assemblies  40  for connections from an over pressurized fluid to the pressure protection subsystems  20 , the elbow assembly  40  has elbow  41 , a rotor assembly  52  and a pair of trims  45 ,  45 ′ and a pair of pins  51 , the elbow  41  has two step bores  42  on each of ends of elbow  41  and a boss  43  with rotor bore  44  on an outward side of a middle of the elbow  41  at 45 degree section, each step bore  42  has a pin hole  50 , trims  45  has three fins,  46 ,  46   a,    46   b  with two gaps  47 ,  47   a  and three surfaces  46 ,  46   a  and  46   b  defined by one of prolife a conical and spherical surface, the trim  45  has a step  47  with a hole  50   a  engaged with the bore  42  for reducing turbulent fluid and erosion in the outward wall of elbow  41  to average the fluid pressure gradient in the elbow  41  when the system  10  start to release an over-pressurized fluid, the pin  51  is inserted through hole  50  and hole  50   a  for securing the trim  45  with the elbow  41 . Trim  45 ′ has fins,  46 ′,  46   a ′,  46   b ′ and step  47 ′, the rotor assembly  52  is disposed in bore  61  for mixing a high speed fluid stream in the outward wall of the elbow  41  and a slow speed fluid stream in an inward wall of the elbow  41  and reducing the erosion on the outward wall of elbow  41 , The rotor assembly  52  has a rotor  53 , the rotor  54  has three blade  55 ,  55 ′,  55 ″, blade  55  has a slot  56 , so when a fluid passes the elbow  41  and force the rotor  53  to rotate, the unbalanced rotor  53  will generate a unbalanced rotation and a designed vibration, as the erosions on the elbow  41  and rotor  54  progress, so does the vibration features, so the level of erosion can be detected and monitored and predicted by a vibration sensor, one of blade  55 ,  55 ′ 55 ′ are made out of a magnetic material, so an unbalanced rotation can be detected and monitored by a magnetic sensor, those two data will enhance the reliability of the data and accuracy of the predication of erosion and timing of replacement, they can be used undersea and underground pipelines. 
       CONCLUSIONS 
       [0320]    The present invention provides a long sought solution—an inherent high integrity pressure protection system instead of a combination of conventional low integrity pressure protection devices, the solution is (1) actuator-less, without external actuators, the valve has no actuator joint failure, no additional pipe leak, piston leak and joint leak, no piston sticking, no unbalanced force, no force or energy loss on frication or motion conversion (2) stem-less, the valve has no stem leak issue, no joint broken and no installation issue, especially in subsea, the installation between the valve and actuator are very difficult (3) both blocking overpressure fluid into normal pressure zone and releasing overpressure fluid into low pressure zone, greatly reducing total shut off time or impact time, risk of water hamper damage or pressure surge in normal pressure zone, rather than the old response time, which is meaningless (4) by nature, the plug valve has the least volume replacement over all valves with a travel about ¼ of diameter, in blocking side, the back plug assembly is much faster to close than other conventional valves due to less fluid resistance with the same moving direction, secondly a combination of the immediate sensing and releasing and a distant sensing and releasing, for the first time, pilot load liquid pressure control with the pressure sensing valve, pocket pressure drop effect and full area piston effect can match with gas loaded pressure control in term of full relief time (4) redundancy, inherent redundancy include (a) the left and right plug assemblies in the valve (b) the left and right plug assemblies in the pilot (c) external and Internal actuation energies (d) gas and pilot loaded controls (e) immediate sensing and a distinct sensing (f) destructive and nondestructive pressure protection methods 
         [0321]    The present invention discloses other breakthrough achievement—A Metal B ring, the metal B ring comprises the engaged ring and support ring for both static and dynamic seals applications, for the first time, metal seal for high speech impact seal because when the plug moves at speech of 00 ft./s to a closed position, most metal seal will deform and cause leaks, so no metal seal can survive at the speed 80 ft./s even with high flexible spring metal, the B ring is based on pipe buckling mechanism, which most engineers in the field would avoid, but here B ring can survive because of the buckling condition, the seal compression stress stays away below the yield strength of the materials, moreover B ring has the seals in both axial and radial seal areas and more support points to reduce stress value than any other seal rings, other is critical element for the invention is the rolling process, the rolling process not only creates the C shape groove and bump, but also strengthen material of the B ring by 30% due to the surface hardening, the joint between the engaged ring and the support ring under the buckling absorb the most of impact force without damage as a spring and heat dissipation through contact frictions, even the  316  stainless steel can be used for most applications, moreover the multiple B rings can be installed in a series, in short first B ring assembly also has capacities for axial and radial seals, no other all existing sealing device can provide, second it breaks the temperature limit from −250 to 1500 F, third it provides a dynamic seal under high temperature and high pressure, fourth it will last from 5 to 30 years without any replacement under high temperature, while non-metal seal material will deteriorate or age under sever service, so the applications with B ring will be quick pipe joint seals, subsea flow control systems for 25 years life time or, nuclear power plant for 60 years life time, or jet engines control valve or check valve with quick closed impact for millions cycles without replacement or failure. 
         [0322]    The dual plugs in pilot is a heart of this invention if the two plugs in the valve act as the muscle, first the fully metal shear seal assembly is designed to shear off any buildup from dirty fluids between the seat cover and shear seal assembly during operation, second the B ring provides constant seals and spring force to push out the front and back seat against the seat cover and base seal for providing dynamic seals, instead of rubber O-rings and washer spring, second the novel porting structures with the axial port connected to release port through radial hole and a groove on one part of seat cover greatly reduce risk of leak and port block and part machining, third the slot between the through side port and axial port, greatly increase the function of the pilot for various applications, the slot includes multiple profiles, a flat, conical and spherical profiles, the most significant improvement is both plugs assembles not only work independently as two redundancies but act in a manner of synergy as a pressure regulator to produce both high dynamic performance—a fast response as pressure changes and static performances, stable pressure holding as pressure has no change with combinations of various springs and various slots, which no single regulator in any prior art can produces. 
         [0323]    The full piston effect is a novel solution to the pilot operated system major problems—a slow response and inability to handle dirt fluids, the full piston effect is based on an optimal sold/liquid interaction mechanism on the plug with the combination of the direct sensing and the remote sensing, and the combination of direct release and indirect release, the full piston effect not only greatly increases the release speed of overpressure fluid, but also enhances sensibility for overpressure, sensing reliability and dirty fluid handling abilities with the shear seal assembly and the plug head screen. 
         [0324]    The anti-cavitation plug trim in this invention provides a simple and effective way to reduce the cavitation without reducing the fluid capacity, the plug is constructed with multiple cylindrical rings on a conical front surface, each hole pass two layers of ring, so the fluid will pass the holes and change angle and move out along with the cylindrical ring, since the plug is movable, the flow condition can change any time unlike most fixed trim, it also can be used for water damping on dams or river or energy dissipating cone valve and terminal fluid control. 
         [0325]    The elbow erosion control assembly is another innovation here, it provides a system solution not in in the prior arts, first the assembly provide a pair of fixed trim with multiple fins in the inlet and outlet of the elbow, the fastest fluid steam than ⅓ cross sectional area along with the outward wall of the elbow will divert to a middle stream and the slowest flow stream about ⅔ cross sectional area along with the inward wall of the elbow, second it provides a rotor assembly as dynamic trim to protect the outward wall of the elbow for dissipating some of energy of the faster fluid stream, and mix it with rest of streams, finally, the most important element is to monitor, detect and predict the erosion process, the rotor will create a designed, signature vibration profiles with an unbalanced blade as well as has one blade with a magnetic material Instead of avoiding vibrations, the unbalanced rotor not only create unbalanced rotation and vibration, but also a magnetic rotation signal, so both data will create critical data in regarding of erosion of the elbow as well as fluid conditions and are verifiable for a point of analysis, this device is very critical and useful tool for the pipelines underground, subsea or remote areas, where human access are difficult or impossible. 
         [0326]    The A ring as an attachable ring between a pair of mated W shape teeth is other feature in this invention, the feature of seal attachablility is so critical for most flange connection in pumping or compression station, the pipeline, nuclear power or chemical plants, any sudden closing of pipeline valve or pump shutoff, vibrations or earthquakes would create water hammer or cause axial temporal or permanent separations of flange joints, the sudden separations generate million volatile gas or poison fluid leak every year around the world, so far there is no solution for axial temporal separation of flange joints, A ring is a simple but effective solution, it either can be attached to the outside diameter of A ring or the inside diameter of A ring, or both the inside diameter and outside diameter of A ring, the materials can be soft metal or polymer materials or composite materials or metal with polymer coating. 
         [0327]    The volume substitute box is a great improvement in this gas loaded application, this not only reduces portion of pressurized fluid sensible to temperature swing effect, greatly improved the pressure sensing reliability due to gas temperature change reduction and gas consumptions, but also works as a heat reservoir filled with liquids or heat storable materials or fluids in the pipelines for averaging daytime and night time temperatures differences. 
         [0328]    Although the description above contains many specifications, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention but as merely providing illustration of some of the presently preferred embodiments of this invention. 
         [0329]    Thus, the scope of the invention should be determined by the appended claims and their legal equivalents, rather than by the examples given.

Technology Classification (CPC): 4