Patent Abstract:
The invention provides an automated system for queuing of clients for limited availability services in a spatially distributed system, such as diners waiting for a waiter in a restaurant. Clients and the service providers, such as waiters, are provided with two-way pagers on a network connected to a queue management server. The client can signal a call for service on its pager and is put into the client queue. When a call for service is made or a service provider becomes available, the server schedules the next available service provider to the first client in the queue and sends a message to each client as to its new position in the queue.

Full Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD  
         [0001]    The invention relates to the field of methods of queuing customers for the distribution of services, and more particularly to a method and an automated system for queuing of clients for limited availability services in a spatially distributed system.  
         BACKGROUND ART  
         [0002]    In many situations the demand for a particular service by potential users or customers exceeds the supply immediately available from the service provider, and it is therefore necessary to line up or queue the customers in a pre-determined order to provide the service in a way to best achieve the desired result. Generally customers are queued in a first-come, first-served order, such as in a line-up for a movie, or concert tickets, or when consecutively numbered slips are provided to customers to be served at a meat counter, government service desk or the like. Such a system works well because it guarantees that everyone will eventually be served and because it is fair. The person who has waited the longest gets served first. In some situations, however, it is not possible to physically queue the customers or provide a numbered slip since the customers are spatially distributed, such as in a restaurant. In such situations there is uncertainty and anxiety on the part of the customers because they do not know where they stand in the queue. For example, in the area of fine dining, waiters must allocate a limited amount of attention to a number of demanding customers and normally such customers will be uncomfortable if they wait too long without knowing where they stand in line for service. There is therefore a need for a system for the queueing of spatially distributed customers.  
         BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0003]    The present invention therefore provides a method of queuing a plurality of clients for services provided by a host, the method comprising the steps of: i) providing a queue managing server adapted to process data, communicate over a data communication network and to store data representing a client queue; ii) providing a client data transmitting, receiving and display device associated with each client, each client transmitting, receiving and display device adapted to display information received from the queue managing server and to send to the queue managing server over a data communication network signals representing a call for service; iii) providing a host data transmitting, receiving and display device associated with the host, the host data transmitting, receiving and display device adapted to display information received from the queue managing server and to send to the queue managing server over a data communication network signals representing a commencement of the host providing service to a client and a completion of the host providing service to a client; iv) one of the clients communicating a call for service to the queue managing server; v) the server, responsive to receiving said client call for service, adding the calling client to the client queue; vi) the server scheduling the host, if available, to the first client in the queue; vii) the server communicating the scheduling of said first client to the host&#39;s data transmitting, receiving and display device; viii) removing the first client from the client queue and designating the host as assigned to the first client; and ix) the server communicating to each said client in said queue a message indicative of an updated position of each client in the calling queue.  
           [0004]    According to a further aspect the method according to the invention further comprises the steps of: x) the host communicating a start service signal to the server indicating that the host has commenced service of the first client; and xi) the server, responsive to receiving the start service signal, designating said host as busy.  
           [0005]    According to a further aspect, the method according to the invention further comprises the steps of: xii) the host communicating a finish service signal to the server indicating that the host has finished service of the first client; xiii) the server, responsive to receiving the finish service signal, scheduling the host to the first client in the client queue; and xiv) the server communicating a message to all clients indicative of an updated position of the clients in the client queue.  
           [0006]    According to yet a further aspect, the method according to the invention further comprises the steps of: xv) one of the clients in the client queue communicating a cancel service signal to the queue managing server; and xvi) the server, responsive to receiving the cancel service signal, removing the cancelling client from the client queue and communicating a message to each client indicative of an updated position of the clients in the client queue.  
           [0007]    The present invention further provides a method of queuing clients distributed in a plurality of zones for services provided by a plurality of hosts, the method comprising the steps of: i) providing a queue managing server adapted to process data, communicate over a data communication network and to store data representing a client queue corresponding to each zone and a host queue corresponding to each zone; ii) providing a client data transmitting, receiving and display device associated with each client, each client transmitting, receiving and display device adapted to display information received from the queue managing server and to send to the queue managing server over a data communication network signals representing a call for service; iii) providing a host data transmitting, receiving and display device associated with each host, each host data transmitting, receiving and display device adapted to display information received from the queue managing server and to send to the queue managing server over a data communication network signals representing a commencement of the host providing service to a client and a completion of the host providing service to a client; iv) one of the clients communicating a call for service to the queue managing server; v) the server, responsive to receiving the client call for service, adding the calling client to the client queue in the calling client&#39;s zone; vi) the server scheduling an available host in the calling client&#39;s zone to the first client in the queue for the calling client&#39;s zone; vii) the server communicating said scheduling to the available host&#39;s data transmitting, receiving and display device; and viii) removing the first client from the calling client&#39;s queue and removing the available host from the host queue; and ix) the server communicating to each client in the calling client&#39;s zone queue a message indicative of an updated position of the clients in the calling client&#39;s queue.  
           [0008]    According to a further aspect of the invention, the invention further comprises a data processing system for queuing clients distributed in a plurality of zones for services provided by a plurality of hosts, the data processing system comprising: i) a queue managing server adapted to process data, communicate over a data communication network and to store data representing a client queue corresponding to each zone and a host queue corresponding to each zone; ii) a client data transmitting, receiving and display device associated with each client, each client transmitting, receiving and display device adapted to display information received from the queue managing server and to send to the queue managing server over a data communication network signals representing a call for service; iii) a host data transmitting, receiving and display device associated with each host, each host data transmitting, receiving and display device adapted to display information received from the queue managing server and to send to the queue managing server over a data communication network signals representing a commencement of the host providing service to a client and a completion of said host providing service to a client; iv) means for one of the clients to communicate a call for service to the queue managing server; v) means for the server, responsive to receiving the client call for service, to add the calling client to the client queue in the calling client&#39;s zone; vi) means for the server to schedule an available host in the calling client&#39;s zone to the first client in the queue for the calling client&#39;s zone; vii) means for the server to communicate said scheduling to the available host&#39;s data transmitting, receiving and display device; viii) means for removing the first client from the calling client&#39;s queue and removing the available host from the host queue; ix) means for the server to communicate a message to all clients in the calling client&#39;s zone indicative of an updated position of the clients in the calling client&#39;s queue.  
           [0009]    According to yet a further aspect of the invention there is provided a computer program product for queuing a plurality of clients for services provided by a host using a queue managing server adapted to process data, communicate over a data communication network and to store data representing a client queue; a client data transmitting, receiving and display device associated with each client, each client transmitting, receiving and display device adapted to display information received from the queue managing server and to send to the queue managing server over the data communication network signals representing a call for service; and a host data transmitting, receiving and display device associated with each host, each host data transmitting, receiving and display device adapted to display information received from the queue managing server and to send to the queue managing server over the data communication network signals representing a commencement of the host providing service, the computer program product comprising: a computer usable medium having computer readable program code means embodied in the medium for: receiving one of the clients communication of a call for service to the queue managing server and for the server, responsive to receiving the client call for service, to add the calling client to the client queue; scheduling the host to the first client in the queue; communicating the scheduling to said host&#39;s data transmitting, receiving and display device; removing the first client from the client&#39;s queue; and communicating to each client in the client&#39;s queue a message indicative of an updated position of the client in the queue.  
           [0010]    According to yet a further aspect of the invention there is provided a computer program product for queuing clients distributed in a plurality of zones for services provided by a plurality of hosts using a queue managing server adapted to process data, communicate over a data communication network and to store data representing a client queue corresponding to each zone and a host queue corresponding to each zone; a client data transmitting, receiving and display device associated with each client, each client transmitting, receiving and display device adapted to display information received from the queue managing server and to send to the queue managing server over a data communication network signals representing a call for service; and a host data transmitting, receiving and display device associated with each host, each host data transmitting, receiving and display device adapted to display information received from the queue managing server and to send to the queue managing server over a data communication network signals representing a commencement of the host providing service, said computer program product comprising: a computer usable medium having computer readable program code means embodied in the medium: for receiving one of the clients communication of a call for service to said queue managing server and for the server, responsive to receiving the client call for service, to add the calling client to the client queue in the calling client&#39;s zone; for the server to schedule an available host in the calling client&#39;s zone to the first client in the queue for the calling client&#39;s zone; for the server to communicate said scheduling to said available host&#39;s data transmitting, receiving and display device; for removing the first client from the calling client&#39;s queue and removing the available host from the host queue; and for the server to communicate to each client in the calling client&#39;s zone&#39;s queue a message indicative of an updated position of the clients in the calling client&#39;s queue. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0011]    In the drawings, which disclose one preferred embodiment of the invention:  
         [0012]    [0012]FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a system for implementing the invention;  
         [0013]    [0013]FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a Client pager according to the present invention;  
         [0014]    [0014]FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a Host pager according to the present invention;  
         [0015]    [0015]FIG. 4 is a state transition diagram illustrating a system for implementing the invention;  
         [0016]    [0016]FIG. 5 is a table illustrating messages displayed on a Host pager according to the present invention; and  
         [0017]    [0017]FIG. 6 is a table illustrating messages displayed on a Client pager according to the present invention.  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0018]    With reference to FIG. 1, a restaurant includes a number of tables  12  numbered  1  through  8  for the seating of diners (referred to herein as “clients”). The tables are divided into two zones or sections A and B, the tables in each section being the responsibility of a different waiter (referred to herein as the “Host”). For example, Host A has responsibility for tables  1  through  4  and Host B has responsibility for tables  5  through  8 . While described in an application where there are multiple Hosts and multiple zones, the invention is also useful in an application where there is only one Host and more than one client in a single zone.  
         [0019]    Each table  12  is provided with a networked data transmitting, receiving and display device  14  (FIG. 2), referred to herein as a “client pager  14 ” which has a “call” button  16 , “cancel” button  18  and a screen display  20  for displaying one of a number of messages as shown in FIG. 6. Client pagers  14  are networked to the queue manager network server  22  by network lines  24 , or alternatively by wireless connection. Client pagers  14  each have a unique client identification no. (“client ID”) to identify the table to the server  22 .  
         [0020]    Each Host also carries, or otherwise has access to a networked data transmitting, receiving and display device  26  (FIG. 3), referred to herein as a “Host pager  26 ”, which has a “Start Service” button  28  , “Finish Service” button  30  and a screen display  32  for displaying one of a number of messages as shown in FIG. 5. Host pagers  26  are similarly networked to the queue manager network server  22  by wireless connection, or alternatively by network lines  24 . Host pagers  26  each have a unique host identification no. (“hostID”) to identify the Host to the server  22 .  
         [0021]    The queue manager network server  22  maintains a client queue for each zone comprising the tables needing attention, and a queue for available Hosts. Server  22  carries out all calculations so that the pagers need only transmit signals and display messages sent by the queue manager.  
         [0022]    In operation, a client at a given table  12  desiring service, for example when ready to order or when desiring to change an order, presses the “call” button  16  and a CALL signal carrying the client ID and zone number is sent to the server  22 . The server  22  looks up the client by client ID to determine if that client ID is already in the queue for that zone. If the client is already in the queue, the server does nothing. If the client is not in that zone&#39;s queue, then the client is added to the end of the queue belonging to the zone in which the client is in. The server  22  then schedules a Host to the first client in the queue for that zone, as described below. The server checks the Host queue to determine if a Host in that zone is available. If a Host is available, then the Host is assigned to the table of the first client in the queue and that client and Host are removed from their respective queues. The server  22  then sends update messages, as further described below, to all client and Host pagers, which provides a message  19  to each client pager  14  telling the clients their position in the queue. Thus, periodically new messages are sent to the client pager as the client&#39;s position in the queue changes. The server  22  also sends a message to the selected Host informing him or her that he/she has been assigned to a particular table.  
         [0023]    If a client at a given table  12  wishes to cancel a request for service, the client presses the “cancel” button  18  and a signal carrying the client ID is sent to the server  22 . The server  22  looks up the client by client ID to determine if that client ID is already in the queue for that zone. If that client is not in the queue for that zone, then the server does nothing. If the client is in the queue for that zone, then the client is removed from the queue belonging to the zone in which the client is in. If the client was assigned to a Host then the client is unassigned to the Host, the Host is sent to the CANCELLED state and clients and Hosts are updated as described below. A message is sent to the client pager so that “Press Call for Service” is displayed, and an update message is sent to client and Host pagers.  
         [0024]    Host pagers  26  receive messages  34  that inform them when, and which table has been assigned to the Host. When a Host receives an assignment, the client message for that table reads “Host is coming” and the Host will go to the designated table. When the Host activates the Start Service button  28  on the Host pager  26 , which sends a SERVICE_STARTED message to the queue manager server  22 , the queue manager then sends a message to the client pager  14  for the client being serviced so that the message “Press Call for service” is again displayed to permit the client to make a further service call. The queue manager will also send a message to the Host pager  26  so that a “busy” message is displayed on display  32 . The Host will perform the service requested by the client and then activate the Finish Service button  30  that will send a SERVICE_FINISHED message to the queue manager server  22  that the Host is available for a new service request. The queue manager will then change the Hosts&#39;s state to “AVAILABLE” and send back a message so that an “Available” message is displayed on the Host pager display  32 . The Host is then added to the Host queue for that zone and the queue manager server  22  schedules the next Host in the queue to the next client in the queue.  
         [0025]    A scheduling event occurs at queue manager server  22  for a particular zone whenever a CALL or SERVICE_FINISHED message is received from a client pager or Host pager in that zone. Each time a scheduling event occurs in a zone, the server updates clients and Hosts by running a scheduling routine for that zone. To assign Hosts to the next client in the client queue, the server selects the zone and loops through the Hosts to locate the first available Host in the Host queue for that zone. If there is no available Host in that zone, or no clients in the client queue for that zone, then it exits the sub-routine. If there is an available Host and at least one client in the client queue, the server then selects the first client from the queue for that zone, removes the client from the queue and assigns the selected Host to that client. The Host&#39;s state is set to “ASSIGNED”, and the server updates clients and Hosts as follows. To update Hosts, the server loops through the collection of Hosts for that zone and sends a network message as set out in FIG. 5 to each recipient host ID according to that Host&#39;s state. The server then loops through the collection of clients for that zone and sends a network message to each recipient client ID as set out in FIG. 6, according to that Host&#39;s state and that client&#39;s state.  
         [0026]    According to one variant, the client pagers could have an indicator light turned on when queued (“Called”), while the one waiting the longest (at the head of the queue) could have a flashing light.  
         [0027]    Thus according to the invention, the server  22  assigns one of two states to each client ID, either CALLED or NOT CALLED. The server assigns one of four states to each host ID: AVAILABLE, ASSIGNED, CANCELLED or BUSY. Each client pager can send one of two signals to the server  22 , “CALL” or “CANCEL”. Each Host pager can send one of two signals to the server  22 , “START SERVICE” or “FINISH SERVICE”.  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 4 illustrates the changes in state which are made by server  22  upon receipt of a signal from a Host or client. An “X” in FIG. 4 means there is no change in state. “N/A” in FIG. 4 means that the combination of states should not occur. When the Host&#39;s state is “AVAILABLE” and the client is “Not Called”, a “CALL” signal from the client pager will change the Host state to “ASSIGNED” and the client state to “Called”. When the Host&#39;s state is “ASSIGNED” and the client is “Called”, a “CANCEL” signal from the client pager will change the Host state to “CANCELLED” and the client state to “Not Called”. When the Host&#39;s state is “ASSIGNED” and the client is “Called”, a “START SERVICE” signal from the Host pager will change the Host state to “BUSY” and the client state to “Not Called”. When the Host&#39;s state is “CANCELLED” and the client is “Called” a “CANCEL” signal from the client pager will change the client state to “Not Called”. When the Host&#39;s state is “CANCELLED” and the client is “Called” a “FINISH SERVICE” signal from the Host pager will change the Host state to “ASSIGNED”. When the Host&#39;s state is “CANCELLED” and the client is “Not Called”, a “CALL” signal from the client pager will change the client state to “Called”. When the Host&#39;s state is “CANCELLED” and the client is “Not Called”, a “FINISH SERVICE” signal from the Host pager will change the Host state to “AVAILABLE”. When the Host&#39;s state is “BUSY” and the client is “Called”, a “CANCEL” signal from the client pager will change the client state to “Not Called”. When the Host&#39;s state is “BUSY” and the client is “Called”, a “FINISH SERVICE” signal from the Host pager will change the Host state to “ASSIGNED” and will change the client state to “Called”. When the Host&#39;s state is “BUSY” and the client is “Not Called”, a “CALL” signal from the client pager will change the client state to “Called”. When the Host&#39;s state is “BUSY” and the client is “Not Called”, a “FINISH SERVICE” signal from the Host pager will change the Host state to “AVAILABLE.  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 5 illustrates the messages which are displayed on the Host pager display  32  for a given Host state as communicated to Host pager  32  in an update message. When the Host&#39;s state is “AVAILABLE” the message displayed is “Available”. When the Host&#39;s state is “ASSIGNED” the message displayed is “Please serve table #N”, where N is the actual number of table  12  which is associated with a clientID as shown in FIG. 1. When the Host&#39;s state is “CANCELLED” the message displayed is “Cancelled”. When the Host&#39;s state is “BUSY” the message displayed is “Busy”.  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 6 illustrates the messages which are displayed on the client pager display  20  for a given Host state and client state, as communicated to client pager  14  in an update message. “N/A” in FIG. 6 means that the combination of states should not occur. When the Host&#39;s state is “AVAILABLE” and the client is “Not Called”, the message displayed is “Press Call for service”. When the Host&#39;s state is “ASSIGNED” and the client is “Called”, the message displayed is “Host is coming”. When the Host&#39;s state is “CANCELLED” and the client is “Called”, the message displayed is “You are #N in the queue”, where N is the position of the client in the client queue for the client&#39;s zone. When the Host&#39;s state is “CANCELLED” and the client is “Not Called”, the message displayed is “Press Call for service”. When the Host&#39;s state is “BUSY” and the client is “Called”, the message displayed is “You are #N in the queue”. When the Host&#39;s state is “BUSY” and the client is “Not Called”, the message displayed is “Press Call for service”.  
         [0031]    The following pseudo code illustrates how the system may be programmed.  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Data Structures on Queue Manager       Table type containing:                isCalled: boolean           assignedHost: Host           zone: Zone (set at initialization time)           id: Integer (set at initialization time)            Host type containing                state: AVAILABLE, ASSIGNED, BUSY or CANCELLED           assignedTable: Table           zone: Zone (set at initialization time)           id (set at initialization time)            TableQueue type holding:                ordered collection of tables            HostQueue type holding:                ordered collection of hosts            Zone type containing                collection of hosts           collection of tables           TableQueue           HostQueue            zones collection                collection of zone            Events on Queue Manager       Queue Manager is responsive to four events:                OnTableCall   (from table pager)           OnTableCancel     (from table pager)           OnServiceStarted   (from host pager)           OnServiceFinished   (from host pager)            Messages Generated by Queue Manager       Queue Manager generates two messages                Message update to client pager           Message update to host pager            Data Structures on Client Pager       zone (set at initialization time)       id (set at initialization time)       Events on Client Pager       Client pager is responsive to four events:                Call widget activated           Cancel widget activated           Message update received from Queue Manager            Messages Generated by Client Pager                CALL   (to Queue Manager)           CANCEL   (to Queue Manager)            Data Structures on Host Pager       zone (set at initialization time)       id (set at initialization time)       Events on Host Pager       Host pager is responsive to five events:                Service Started widget activated           Service Finished widget activated           Message update received from Queue Manager            Messages Generated by Host Pager                SERVICE_STARTED   (to Queue Manager)           SERVICE_FINISHED   (to Queue Manager)            Pseudo Code for Queue Manager       All methods on Queue Manager are synchronized to avoid threading problems.       OnReceiveMessage(id, zoneId, message) {//low level dispatch mechanism                zone = zones.getZone(zoneId); // get zone from zones collection           if (message == CALL) {                table = zone.getTable(id); // get table based on table id           OnTableCall(table, zone); // call event handler                } else if (message == CANCEL) {                table = zone.getTable(id);           OnTableCancel(table, zone);                } else if (message == SERVICE_STARTED) {                host = zone.getHost(id); // get host based on host id           OnServiceStarted(host, zone);                } else if (message == SERVICE_FINISHED) {                host = zone.getHost(id);           OnServiceFinished(host, zone);                }            }       OnTableCall(table, zone) {                if ( not table.isCalled) {//has not already called                table.isCalled = true;           zone.getTableQueue().append(table); // add to queue           schedule(zone); // try to get host to serve request           broadcastUpdates(zone); // tell pagers                }            }       OnTableCancel(table, zone) {                if (table.isCalled) {                table.isCalled = false; // no longer calling                // remove from queue if in it                zone.getTableQueue().remove(table);           // inform host not required           cancelHost(table, zone);           broadcastUpdates(zone);                }            }       OnServiceStarted(host, zone) {                If (host.state == ASSIGNED) {// is host assigned to table                host.assignedTable.isCalled = false;           host.assignedTable.assignedHost = null;           host.state = BUSY;           broadcastUpdates(zone);                }            }       OnServiceFinished(host, zone) {        // if host is performing order or canceled                If (host.state == BUSY OR host.state == CANCELLED) {                host.state == AVAILABLE; // host is available           host.assignedTable = null;           zone.getHostQueue().append(host); // add to host queue           schedule(zone); // see if there is table needing service           broadcastUpdates(zone);                }            }       schedule(zone) {// associate first table and host                 if (zone.getTableQueue(zone).isNotEmpty() AND           zone.getHostQueue(zone).isNotEmpty()) {                table = zone.getTableQueue(zone).getAndRemoveFirst();           host = zone.getHostQueue(zone).getAndRemoveFirst();           table.assignedHost = host;           host.assignedTable = table;           host.state = ASSIGNED;                }            }       cancelHost(table, zone) {                if (not table.assignedHost=null) {                table.assignedHost.assignedTable == null;           table.assignedHost.state = CANCELLED;                }            }       broadcastUpdates(zone) {// broadcast of all host/table state                index = 1           for all table in zone.getTableQueue() {                sendMessageToTable(table.id,           “You are #” + index + “in the queue.”);           index = index + 1;                }           for all table in zone.getTables() {                if (zone.getTableQueue().notIn(table)) {                if (table.isCalled) {           // not in queue and called so                 // must be assigned to host.                sendMessageToTable(table.id,                “Host is coming.”);                } else {                sendMessageToTable(table.id,                NOT_CALLED, “Press Call for service.”);                }                }            }       for all host in zone.getHostQueue().getAll() {                sendMessageToHost(host.id, “Available”);            }       for all host in zone.getHosts() {                if (zone.getHostQueue.notIn(host)) {                if (host.state == BUSY) {                sendMessageToHost(host.id, “Busy”);                } else if (host.state == CANCELED) {                sendMessageToHost(host.id, “Cancelled”);                } else {                sendMessageToHost(host.id,           “Please serve table #”+host.table.id “+.”);                }                }           }            }       Pseudo Code for Client Device       // send call message to queue manager when call widget activated       OnCallWidgetActivated() {                sendMessageToQueueManager(id, zone, CALL);            }       // send cancel message to queue manager when cancel widget activated       OnCancelWidgetActivated() {                sendMessageToQueueManager( id, zone, CANCEL);            }       // display message on thin client       OnReceiveMessage(action, message) {                updateDisplayWithMessage(message);            }       Pseudo Code for Host Device       // send message on widget activation       OnServiceStartedWidgetActivated() {                sendMessageToQueueManager( id, zone, SERVICE_STARTED);            }       // send message on widget activation       OnServiceFinishedWidgetActivated() {                sendMessageToQueueManager( id, zone, SERVICE_FINISHED);            }       OnReceiveMessage(action, message) {// display message                updateDisplayWithMessage(message);            }                  
 
         [0032]    The present invention is described above as a computer-implemented method and data processing system. It may also be embodied as a computer hardware apparatus, computer software code or a combination of same. The invention may also be embodied as a computer-readable storage medium embodying code for implementing the invention. Such storage medium may be magnetic or optical, hard or floppy disk, CD-ROM, firmware or other storage media.  
         [0033]    As will be apparent to those skilled in the art in the light of the foregoing disclosure, many alterations and modifications are possible in the practice of this invention without departing from the spirit or scope thereof. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is to be construed in accordance with the substance defined by the following claims.

Technology Classification (CPC): 6