Patent Abstract:
A drum of the invention has a tubular drum shell, a replaceable annular bearing edge, a spline interconnecting the shell and the bearing edge, and a membrane overlaying the bearing edge. The bearing edge may have any of various profile configurations. The bearing edge overlays a shell edge in releasable engagement. A spline extends from the bearing edge and engages a recess, including an annular rabbet between the wall edge and an inside wall surface, or an annular void, including an annular slot dado, in the shell wall, releasably coupling the bearing edge and the shell. The shell may include an aperture through the wall. An air valve may be provided to regulate passage of air through the aperture between open and closed positions. The air valve may support an audio reception device. A portion of the inside wall surface may have an acoustic pattern that influences the drum&#39;s sound. The drum may also have a flangeless hoop or arcuate portions of the hoop without a flange. A point suspension tension lug may secure the head to the shell.

Full Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]     Not Applicable  
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     The present invention generally relates to musical instruments and more specifically to drums. Drums are not the simple instruments that they may appear to be upon first consideration. Rather, a drum&#39;s musicality is a culmination of various elements. A foundational or principal factor that influences the sound of a drum is the shape of the drum shell, both in size or dimensions and in contour or configuration. Thickness of a drum shell wall may vary from drum to drum and may itself be based on various elements including, for example, structural considerations of the drum size and tonal considerations of the drum sound. The contour of a drum also impacts the tonal quality of the drum. Consider the differences between the tapered shell of a conga drum and the cylindrical sidewalls of what is commonly referred to as a “tom” or “tom-tom.” 
         [0003]     On a more detailed or less conspicuous scale, that part of a drum which is struck in drumming, namely, a drum head skin or membrane that is stretched across a drum shell, its tension, its thickness, and its composition affect the tone and musicality of the drum. Further yet, that point at which the membrane contacts or interfaces with the drum shell, namely, the bearing edge, also affects a drum&#39;s tone. The drum shell wall edge may be formed with various contours and provide various drum tonal qualities, respectively. Three of various commonly known wall edge contours include a fully rounded symmetrical bearing edge, a rounded 45° bearing edge, and a chamfered bearing edge. The fully rounded bearing edge tends to boost middle to low range frequencies by providing maximum shell contact with the membrane. Middle to high range frequencies are boosted by a more focused bearing edge area for membrane to shell contact that is provided by a rounded 45 bearing edge, for example.  
         [0004]     With the wall edge shaped and used as the bearing edge and with the wall edge in direct contact with the membrane, the bearing edge is an integral part of the drum shell and generally not subject to modification. Thus, beyond the apparent musical differences of different types of drums, conga, tom, bass, or snare, for example, a drummer requires multiple drums of each type or at least multiple drum shells to access for a given playing session the differing drum tonal qualities that result from various bearing edges.  
         [0005]     Further, the interior shell wall surface may also influence a drum&#39;s tonal quality or sound. This is a well-recognized consideration, especially with regard to bass drums in which acoustic damping materials are commonly placed. In a simple form, the acoustic damping material may simply be a pillow placed within a bass drum. Alternatively, specifically designed fill materials may also be used. One factor that these damping techniques seek to address is the formation of standing sound pressure waves within the drum shell, which may or may not be desirable.  
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0006]     Accordingly, a drum according to the invention provides improved flexibility to a drummer with regard to tuning or set-up of a drum for a given playing session as follows.  
         [0007]     In one aspect of the invention, a drum has a tubular shell, at least one replaceable annular bearing edge, at least one flange or spline interposed between the shell and the bearing edge, and at least one membrane overlaying and preferably stretched across the bearing edge. The shell preferably has opposing first and second shell ends and an annular shell wall that extends between the opposing first and second shell ends. The shell wall further preferably has opposing first and second wall edges and opposing inside and outside wall surfaces. The annular bearing edge also preferably has an annular membrane surface and an opposing annular shell surface with the shell surface abutting the first wall edge in releasable engagement. The annular membrane surface may have any of various profile configurations, including without limitation, square, round, oval, triangular, or multi-faceted. At least the first wall edge of the shell wall further has at least one recess defined therein. The spline extends from the first bearing edge shell surface into the recess in cooperating engagement and releasably coupling the bearing edge and the shell.  
         [0008]     In another aspect of the invention, the recess defined in the first wall edge is an annular void that defines either one of an annular slot dado in the first wall edge and an annular rabbet between the first wall edge and the inside wall surface. In an alternative aspect, the recess defined in the first wall edge may be an annular void that defines an annular slot dado in the first wall edge, the spline may be a first spline, and the first annular bearing edge may further include a second spline that is spaced from the first spline and extends at least partially along the inside wall surface. Further, the first annular bearing edge may have at least one spline recess defined in the shell surface and the spline may further extend into the spline recess in cooperating engagement.  
         [0009]     In a further aspect of the invention, the drum may include a second annular bearing edge similar to the first annular bearing edge, with an annular membrane surface and an opposing annular shell surface. The second bearing edge overlays the second wall edge with the bearing surface abutting the second wall edge. Further a second membrane preferably overlays and is preferably stretched across the second bearing edge.  
         [0010]     Yet further, a drum according to the invention may be tuned or have its tonal quality adjusted with use of at least one aperture or air pressure release port through the shell wall. The port may further include an air valve that is adapted to regulate airflow through the aperture between open and closed positions. The air port may optionally include a body that extends through the aperture and defines an air passage through the drum shell and may further include a cover that engages the body and is adapted to support an audio reception device.  
         [0011]     And still further, a drum according to the invention may have at least a portion of the drum shell inside wall surface include an acoustic pattern or texture whereby sound generated by the drum is influenced and undesirable standing wave patterns or the like, for example, are at least modified. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING  
       [0012]      FIG. 1  is a partially fragmentary exploded perspective view of a drum shell and membrane;  
         [0013]      FIG. 2  is an enlarged, fragmentary perspective view taken at detail II of  FIG. 1 , showing a replaceable bearing edge according to the invention with an outside bearing edge membrane surface chamfer;  
         [0014]      FIG. 3  is the view of  FIG. 2  showing a first alternative installation of the replaceable bearing edge; and  
         [0015]      FIG. 4  is the view of  FIG. 2  showing a second alternative installation of the replaceable bearing edge.  
         [0016]      FIG. 5  is the view of  FIG. 4  in end elevation and showing a first alternative configuration of the replaceable bearing edge thereof with a double chamfer membrane surface;  
         [0017]      FIG. 6  is the view of  FIG. 5  showing a second alternative configuration of the replaceable bearing edge thereof with an inside bearing edge membrane surface chamfer; and  
         [0018]      FIG. 7  is the view of  FIG. 5  showing a third alternative configuration of the replaceable bearing edge thereof with an extreme inside bearing edge membrane surface chamfer.  
         [0019]      FIG. 7   a  is a mirror image of the view of  FIG. 7  showing a square configuration of the replaceable bearing edge thereof;  
         [0020]      FIG. 7   b  is a mirror image of the view of  FIG. 7  showing a round configuration of the replaceable bearing edge thereof;  
         [0021]      FIG. 7   c  is a mirror image of the view of  FIG. 7  showing a oval or elliptical configuration of the replaceable bearing edge thereof; and  
         [0022]      FIG. 7   d  is a mirror image of the view of  FIG. 7  showing a multi-faceted configuration of the replaceable bearing edge thereof.  
         [0023]      FIG. 8  is the view of  FIG. 2  showing a first alternative replaceable bearing edge according to the invention, which has a width that is not less than the shell wall edge thickness, and showing a first alternative spline;  
         [0024]      FIG. 9  is a fragment of the view of  FIG. 8  in end elevation and showing a first alternative configuration of the removable bearing edge thereof with a recessed membrane surface;  
         [0025]      FIG. 10  is the view of  FIG. 9  showing a second alternative configuration of the removable bearing edge thereof with a double chamfer membrane surface and showing a second alternative spline;  
         [0026]      FIG. 11  is the view of  FIG. 9  showing a third alternative configuration of the removable bearing edge thereof with a modified inside bearing edge membrane surface and showing a third alternative spline; and  
         [0027]      FIG. 12  is the view of  FIG. 9  showing a fourth alternative configuration of the removable bearing edge thereof with an extreme inside bearing edge membrane surface chamfer.  
         [0028]      FIG. 13  is the view of  FIG. 9  showing a fifth alternative configuration of the bearing edge that includes a second spline.  
         [0029]      FIG. 14  is a fragmentary perspective view of an inside wall surface of a drum shell showing a first acoustic treatment of the inside surface of the shell wall;  
         [0030]      FIG. 15  is the view of  FIG. 14  showing a first alternative acoustic treatment thereof;  
         [0031]      FIG. 16  is the view of  FIG. 14  showing a second alternative acoustic treatment thereof; and  
         [0032]      FIG. 17  is the view of  FIG. 14  showing a third alternative acoustic treatment thereof.  
         [0033]      FIG. 18  is the view of  FIG. 14  showing an air relief port in the shell wall in exploded view;  
         [0034]      FIG. 19  is a partial fragmentary, partial elevational exploded view of the air port of  FIG. 18 , taken along line XIX-XIX of  FIG. 18 ; and  
         [0035]      FIG. 20  is an interior perspective view of a cap of the air port.  
         [0036]      FIG. 21  is fragmentary perspective view of a drum head with a sectional or multi-flange drum hoop of the invention.  
         [0037]      FIG. 22  is a fragmentary perspective view of a drum head with a non-flange or flangeless drum hoop of the invention.  
         [0038]      FIG. 23  is a fragmentary perspective view of a drum head showing a tensioning system of the invention with point suspension lug.  
         [0039]      FIG. 24  is a front elevation view of a drum head tensioning system point suspension lug of the invention.  
         [0040]      FIG. 25  is a side elevation view thereof; and  
         [0041]      FIG. 26  is a top plan view thereof. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0042]     Referring to the drawing generally, and specifically with reference to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , a drum with a replaceable bearing edge according to the invention has a tubular shell or drum body  12 , a replaceable bearing edge  14 , a spline  16 , and a membrane or drum head skin  18 . Drum shells are commonly fabricated as tubular laminations of birch, maple, or mahogany veneers. A monolithic tubular molding of acrylic plastic may also be used to fabricate a drum shell. The tubular shell has opposing first and second shell ends,  20  and  22 , respectively, and an annular shell wall  24 . The shell wall extends between the opposing first and second shell ends from a first wall edge  30  to a second wall edge  32 , respectively. The wall further has opposing inside and outside wall surfaces,  34  and  36 , respectively. The membrane or skin  18  is overlaid and stretched over one of the shell ends, say the first end  20 , and contacts one of the wall edges, say the first wall edge  30 .  
         [0043]     The point at which the membrane  18  contacts the annular shell wall  24  is the bearing surface and is commonly the annular shell wall edge  30 . The wall edge may be contoured to provide various drum tonal qualities. Three of various common wall edge contours include a fully rounded bearing edge, a rounded  45 ° bearing edge, and a chamfered bearing edge. When a wall edge is shaped and used as the bearing edge, with the wall edge in direct contact with the membrane, the bearing edge is an integral part of the drum shell and generally not subject to modification. Use of a replaceable bearing edge  14  according to the invention, however, allows the bearing edge to be replaced.  
         [0044]     Thus, a drummer may have different tonal qualities from a single drum shell  12  by merely replacing the bearing edge  14 , rather than requiring multiple drum shells or multiple drums. A fully rounded bearing edge tends to boost middle to low range frequencies by providing maximum shell contact with the membrane. Middle to high range frequencies are boosted by a more focused area for head to shell contact that is provided by a rounded  45  bearing edge, for example. A chamfered bearing edge  14  as shown, focuses the head to shell contact area further, with associated boosting of high range drum frequencies. The annular membrane surface may further have any of various profile configurations, including without limitation, square, round, oval, triangular, or multi-faceted.  
         [0045]     The bearing edge  14  is an annular member and may be constructed of any appropriate structural material, including plastics, metals, and suitable woods and composites thereof. The bearing edge  14  has a membrane surface  40  and an opposing shell surface  42 . The spline  16  extends in a downward direction as shown in the drawing, from the shell surface  42  and keys the bearing edge  14  with the drum shell wall  24 . As shown in  FIG. 2 , the spline overlays a portion of the inside wall surface  34 , near the first wall edge  30 . In this configuration, the bearing edge  14  may be sized for a tight slip fit engagement with the shell wall  24 , preferably tight enough only so the replaceable bearing edge does not engage the shell  12  loosely.  
         [0046]     A first alternative preparation of a first wall edge  130  is shown in  FIG. 3  with a rabbet between the first wall edge  130  and the inside wall surface  134 . One having ordinary skill in the art, and one having ordinary skill in woodworking arts, for example, will appreciate that the rabbet interface between the bearing edge  14  and the shell wall  124  provides an increased degree of stability in the connection between the bearing edge  14  and the shell wall. Again, the sizing of the replaceable bearing edge  14  is preferably so the bearing edge does not engage the shell  112  loosely.  
         [0047]     In a second alternative interface between the bearing edge  14  and the shell wall  224  ( FIG. 4 ), an annular slot dado  238  is defined in the first wall edge. Again, one having ordinary skill in the art will know that the dado engagement of the bearing edge with the shell wall provides even further stabilization of the connection between the bearing edge  14  and the shell wall. The replaceable bearing edge  14 , and more specifically the spline  16 , may be sized for slip fit or force fit engagement of the spline  16  with the wall edge dado  238 . One having ordinary skill in the art understands that not only are user preferences a factor in this fitting, material strength considerations are also to be considered.  
         [0048]     As discussed above, drum shells are commonly fabricated as laminations of veneer materials. Depending upon the use and design preferences relative to a given shell, the laminations may number from about five to about twenty laminations. As one may expect, larger diameter drims may use a larger number of plies, although the greatest number of plies may be found in a snare drum, for example, rather than a bass drum. In some constructions, the shell may be constructed with a relatively lower number of laminations or plies relative to the drum size, to achieve a given tonal performance with additional reinforcement plies or hoops  232  ( FIG. 4 ) laminated to the shell wall inside surface  234  near the shell ends. Thus, the shell wall may commonly be thickened and strengthened near an end or both ends with additional short plies or hoops. The reinforcement hoops may be required for various structural considerations as will be understood by one having ordinary skill in the art.  
         [0049]     The additional reinforcement plies or hoops  232  may conveniently be configured during construction to define the wall edge  130  with dado  138  ( FIG. 3 ) or to define the wall edge of shell  224  with a dado  238  ( FIG. 4 ). While  FIG. 4  shows the presence of the reinforcement hoops and  FIG. 3  does not, this is not a limitation that the dado  238  is restricted to use of reinforcement hoops, while the rabbet  138  is not. To the contrary, the rabbet or the dado edge configuration may be employed with or without reinforcement hoops. The only limitation would be structural consideration relative to the shell wall thickness at the wall edge as is understood by one having ordinary skill in the art. To reiterate, either the rabbet  138  or the dado  238  may be used when reinforcement hoops  232  are used, and either rabbet  138  or dado  238  may be used when the shell wall is sufficiently thick without reinforcement hoops.  
         [0050]     Thus far, the replaceable bearing edge  14  of the invention has been shown as a chamfered or outside bearing edge ( FIGS. 2-4 ). A replaceable bearing edge according to the invention may be configured with various membrane surfaces  40 , however. A few of various examples are shown in the drawing as follows. As shown in  FIG. 5 , the bearing edge  14   a  has a double chamfered bearing edge in which the membrane surface is chamfered inside and out and has a central ridge. An inside bearing edge  14   b  is shown in  FIG. 6 . The inside bearing edge is substantially a reverse chamfer of the outside bearing edge  14 . While the outside bearing edge  14 , the double bearing edge  14   a,  and the inside bearing edge  14   b  are shown in the drawing as being flush with an outside wall surface  236  of the shell, the bearing edge may also be flush with an inside wall surface  234  of the shell, as shown by extreme inside bearing edge  14   c  in  FIG. 7 . Yet further examples of various replaceable bearing edge profile configurations, including without limitation, square ( FIG. 7   a ), round ( FIG. 7   b ), oval ( FIG. 7   c ), or multi-faceted ( FIG. 7   d ).  
         [0051]     It is now noted that the replaceable bearing edge  14  discussed thus far is shown in the drawing as being thicker than the shell wall ( FIG. 2 ), as being the same thickness as the shell wall ( FIG. 3 ), and as being narrower than the shell wall ( FIG. 4 ). Thus, the thickness of the replaceable bearing edge  14  relative to the shell wall is shown as being substantially immaterial to the inventive concept. Rather, these variations in configuration may result from personal preferences in manufacture or with regard to desired musical results.  
         [0052]     Another alternative replaceable bearing edge configuration  114  is shown in  FIG. 8 . The bearing edge  114  has a rounded spline member  116  extending from the shell surface  142 . The spline is shown centered on the shell surface with adjoining shoulder portions  144 . The shoulder portions may be optional. Structural considerations in deference to qualities and characteristics of the materials used for the shell wall will indicate the desirability and configurations of the shoulders  144  as needed to avoid splitting of the shell wall, for example. It is also noted that various configurations of the shell surface  142 , for example, on the replaceable bearing edge may be more or less desirable because of such structural considerations and further because of considerations with regard to torsional stability of the bearing edge. For example, if the shell surface is circular or cylindrical, the bearing edge may have a tendency to roll relative to the shell wall edge, which would be undesirable.  
         [0053]     Desirable alternative configurations of the replaceable bearing edge include bearing edges  115  with shell surfaces having double flanges  117  and  118 , as shown in  FIGS. 9, 11 ,  12 , and  13 . These include bearing edges with an extreme inside membrane surface edge ( FIG. 12 ); an inside membrane surface edge  119   b  ( FIG. 11 ); an outside membrane surface edge  119   c  ( FIG. 9 ); and an extreme membrane surface edge  199   d  ( FIG. 13 ). These double flanges provide stable mounting for the replaceable bearing edge. Configuration of the shell surface of the replaceable bearing edge is not limited to the configurations shown in the drawings. Other configurations are possible.  
         [0054]     As with the specific configuration of the shell surface of the replaceable bearing edge according to the invention, the flanges or spline also are not limited to the configurations shown in the drawings. For example, in addition to flanges formed on the bottom of the bearing edges, the flanges can be separate spline members. Two additional exemplary spline configurations include a separate cylindrical spline  216  ( FIG. 10 ) and a separate rectangular spline  316  ( FIG. 11 ). One having ordinary skill in the art understands that a variety of spline configurations, either attached or separate from either of the replaceable bearing edge or the shell wall may be more or less desirable under specific playing and manufacturing situations.  
         [0055]     Further, some drums will have one drum head with one membrane stretched over one end of the shell as indicated ( FIG. 1 ) and as is well known, while other drums will have two drum heads with a second membrane stretched over the other of the two opposing shell ends  20  and  22 , which is also well known by one having ordinary skill in the art and thus not indicated in the drawing. Thus, showing in the drawing a removable bearing edge at one end of a drum is not a limitation of the invention or the claims. Rather, a removable bearing edge according to the invention may be employed at one or both drum shell ends according to a user&#39;s preferences. Further, when a removable bearing edge according to the invention is used at each of a drum&#39;s opposing ends, the bearing edges used may have the same or differing configurations.  
         [0056]     In another aspect of the invention, a drum shell  12  ( FIG. 1 ) has acoustic texturing or acoustic patterning generally shown at  300  in  FIGS. 14-17 . Regular texture patterns ( FIGS. 14-16 ) or more arbitrary or random patterns ( FIG. 17 ) may be employed to various effects. Standing sound pressure waves may develop within a drum shell, which may or may not be desirable. Either way, the tonal character of a drum shell may be affected or “tuned” by tuning the over all configuration of the shell, as one having ordinary skill in the art knows. Further, the tonal character of a drum may also be tuned by tuning the shell wall inside surface with contour or texture.  
         [0057]     While reinforcing hoops are shown in the drawing with acoustic texturing  300  of the hoops, the placement of acoustic texture upon the inside surface of the shell wall is not limited in the inventive concept to placement of acoustic texture upon a reinforcement hoop as shown. Rather, the inventive concept of acoustic texturing or acoustic patterning of the shell wall inside surface should be broadly understood as being independent of a presence of a shell reinforcement hoop. The variations shown in the drawing are merely a few of numerous and various acoustic patterning anticipated in the invention.  
         [0058]     Another example of an acoustic patterning element within the scope of the invention includes an interface  302  ( FIG. 14 ) between a reinforcement hoop, which may be used in a drum shell, and the drum shell wall, for example. As shown, the reinforcement hoop simply has a squared wall edge, and the acoustic pattern defined by this interface is merely a stepped wall from the reinforcement hoop to the shell wall. Alternatively, this interface may include a chamfer or other contouring, for example. Thus, one having ordinary skill in the art will understand from this description and from the drawing, that acoustic patterning of the inside surface of a drum shell will affect the tonal quality of a drum and may be implemented with or with out the presence of reinforcement hoops.  
         [0059]     In yet another aspect of the invention, a drum shell  12  has an adjustable pressure air release port  350  ( FIGS. 18 &amp; 19 ). The release port has a body portion  352  which may be provided as a threaded tubular rod or pipe-like member with an aperture or notch  354  in a side of the body. The notch is positioned outside the drum shell while the body extends through the shell to the interior of the drum shell. Thus, an air passage is defined through the tubular body. The release port is adjustable by virtue of a cap  356  that may be placed on an exterior end of the body. By providing screw threads on an exterior of the body and cooperating interior screw threads within the cap, the cap may conveniently be screwed on and off the port body, covering and revealing or closing and opening the notch respectively. While the cap covers or reveals the notch, the adjustable release port is tuned and so the drum is tuned.  
         [0060]     The body of the adjustable pressure air release port may conveniently be mounted through the drum shell wall with interior and exterior washers  358  and nuts  360  ( FIG. 19 ). The washers and nuts may be fabricated of any suitable structural material, including without limitation, metals, plastics, and suitable woods and composites thereof. Also, while a reinforcement hoop is again shown in the drawing, its presence is immaterial.  
         [0061]     The cap  356  may further be provided with a plastic interior bushing  362  or the like, whereby the cap resists rotation or screw threading onto or off of the port body and the cap is held by the bushing in a predetermined position relative to the body. Further, the cap may be provided with a second interior thread  366 , whereby a screw (not shown) may be coupled with the cap and a microphone or other audio reception device may be mounted on the adjustable pressure air release port  350 , near the drum.  
         [0062]     As discussed above, when a wall edge is shaped and used as the bearing edge or a membrane surface, with the wall edge in direct contact with the membrane, the bearing edge is an integral part of the drum shell and generally not subject to modification for reasons that are known to one having ordinary skill in the art. This modification may also include repair of the integral bearing edge. Use of a replaceable bearing edge  14  according to the invention, however, allows the bearing edge to be replaced with some of the benefits already discussed above. Further, a replaceable bearing edge  14  according to the invention also reduces potential damage to the bearing edge and the shell edge and even facilitates such repair by merely replacing the bearing edge.  
         [0063]     Thus, another feature of the invention is shown in the drawing at  FIGS. 21 &amp; 22 , namely, a non-flange or flangeless drumhead hoop. More specifically, modern drums have a hoop with a prominent flange, that is a flange that extends beyond or above the drumhead and membrane. This hoop or rim flange protects the bearing edge from potential damage to the bearing edge when a drummer hits the bearing edge, “takes a rim shot.” While a rim shot may occur accidentally, it is also often a deliberate drum stroke. Similarly and to a lesser degree, the hoop rim also protects against damage to the bearing edge from a “stick slap,” when a side of a drum stick is slapped against the membrane. With a replaceable bearing edge of the invention, the shell edge may be protected and a possibly damaged bearing edge is relatively easily repaired by replacement, rather than by a hoop flange. The hoop flange may, therefore, be reduced or removed.  
         [0064]     A multi-flange hoop  400  is shown in  FIG. 21  with non-flange  402  and flange  404  circumferential portions. The non-flange or flangeless portions may have varying degrees of flange removal to where the flange is reduced to being flush with the drumhead or membrane  18  or the flange is reduced to being recessed or spaced toward the opposing drum wall edge from the bearing edge. A non-flange or flangeless hoop  450  ( FIG. 22 ) more clearly shows opposing bottom  452  and top  454  surfaces with the top surface clearly recessed or spaced from the drumhead in the embodiment shown. In either embodiment, the flangeless feature may be varied and a matter of degree or magnitude. Further, lug screws  420  are shown in each of  FIGS. 21 &amp; 22  to pull the respective hoop toward the opposing shell end or wall edge, which applies tension and stretches the membrane across the drum shell  12 .  
         [0065]     The lug screws  420  pass through the drum head hoop and thread into screw lugs  460 . The screw lugs are generally a block of metal that are screw fastened to the shell  12 . The actual screw thread engagement of the lug screws  420  with the lugs  460  may include a self-aligning drum lug mechanism, which has been well known in the art since about the  1930 &#39;s. A deficiency with the known tension lugs  460  is the amount of surface contact between the lug and the shell, which results in muted or dead shell zones in the areas of the lugs.  
         [0066]     An improved point suspension tension lug  470  of the invention is shown in  FIGS. 23-26 . The point suspension lug has a platform plate  472  which does not rest upon the drum shell. Rather, the platform  472  is connected with the drum shell by at least two legs  474  and preferably three as shown. The legs may be screws that extend through the platform plate  472  and into the drum shell  12 . The plate is, however, spaced from the shell with spacing sleeves over the screw legs. The inventor has found that a thick nylon washer and the like work well for the spacing sleeves, although various other cylinder members may be substituted. Thus, the point suspension lug  470  has only a few small areas of point contact with the drum shell, rather than full contact of the prior known suspension lug  460  with the shell  12 .  
         [0067]     The point suspension lug  470  also has a corresponding threaded bushing  476  or the like that cooperatively receives a lug screw in screw thread engagement. The bushing  476  is shown as a simplistic or schematic sketch in the drawing and may be interpreted from the drawing as being rigidly connected with the platform plate  472 . This is not to be taken as a limitation of the invention, however. Rather, a point suspension lug of the invention may also incorporate a self aligning mechanism, which is well known in the art.  
         [0068]     One having ordinary skill in the art and those who practice the invention will understand that various modifications and improvements may be made without departing from the disclosed inventive concept. Various relational terms, including left, right, front, back, top, and bottom, for example, are used in the detailed description of the invention and in the claims only to convey relative positioning of various elements of the claimed invention and are not otherwise used to limit the scope of the invention.

Technology Classification (CPC): 6