Patent Abstract:
An apparatus comprising a first bus segment, a second bus segment and a switch. The first bus segment may be configured to transfer data in either a first direction or a second direction. The second bus segment may be configured to transfer data in either the first direction or the second direction. The switch may be connected between the first bus segment and the second bus segment. The switch may be configured to transfer data in both the first direction and the second direction simultaneously.

Full Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
       [0001]     The present invention relates to a data transmission generally and, more particularly, to a cross switch supporting simultaneous data traffic in opposing directions.  
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     Referring to  FIG. 1 , a conventional system  10  with several components A-D is shown. The system  10  transfers data on a shared bus  20 . A path  22   a  illustrates data moving from a transmitter (i.e., component A) to a receiver (i.e., component B). The components A-D can behave as either a transmitter or a receiver, but not both simultaneously. For example, a path  22   b  illustrates data moving from a transmitter (i.e., component B) to a receiver (i.e., component A). The paths  22   c  and  22   d  show similar configurations of the component C and the component D. There may be a period of time for a particular one of the components A-D to switch from being a receiver to transmitter, and vice versa. That period of time is measured in idle cycles of a system clock.  
         [0003]     For example, a bus structure can multiplex addresses and a data over the bus  20 . With such an implementation, the component A can read from the component B by first sending an address over the bus  20 . The component B receives the address, decodes the address information, fetches the requested data, and sends the requested data back on the bus  20 . The sequence of operations described creates the bus idle cycles where other components do not have access to the bus  20 .  
         [0004]     During the bus idle cycles, if the component C needs to read from the component D, the bus  20  is not available. In addition, the bus  20  normally only runs at one clock frequency. All of the components A-D need to interface to the bus  20  at the frequency of the bus  20 . Conventional solutions resolve such multiple bus requests by waiting for the bus  20  to be available by adding idle cycles to separate the bus activity.  
         [0005]     It would be desirable to implement a bus that implements simultaneous data traffic in opposing directions without imposing idle cycles.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0006]     The present invention concerns an apparatus comprising a first bus segment, a second bus segment and a switch. The first bus segment may be configured to transfer data in either a first direction or a second direction. The second bus segment may be configured to transfer data in either the first direction or the second direction. The switch may be connected between the first bus segment and the second bus segment. The switch may be configured to transfer data in both the first direction and the second direction simultaneously.  
         [0007]     The objects, features and advantages of the present invention include providing a switch that may (i) support simultaneous data traffic in opposing directions, (ii) reduce idle cycles, (iii) increase bus bandwidth and performance and/or (iv) support components that run at different bus frequencies. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0008]     These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description and the appended claims and drawings in which:  
         [0009]      FIG. 1  is a diagram illustrating a conventional bus configuration;  
         [0010]      FIG. 2  is a diagram illustrating a preferred embodiment of the present invention; and  
         [0011]      FIG. 3  is a more detailed diagram illustrating the present invention. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0012]     Referring to  FIG. 2 , a diagram of a system  100  is shown in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention. The system  100  generally comprises a bus  120 , a switch  130  and a number of components A-D. In one example, the switch  130  may be a cross switch (or switch box). The switch  130  generally comprises a portion (or buffer)  140  and a portion (or buffer)  150 . The portion  140  may accommodate bus traffic in one direction, while the portion  150  may accommodate bus traffic in another direction. For example, traffic from the component C to the component D may be transferred along the first portion  140 . Traffic from the component A to the component B may be transferred along the second portion  150 . The first portion  140  may be implemented as a number of memory cells  142   a - 142   n . The second portion  150  may be implemented as a number of memory cells  152   a - 152   n . The first portion  140  and the second portion  150  may be implemented as first-in, first-out (FIFO) buffers.  
         [0013]     The switch  130  may be implemented between segments of the bi-directional bus  120 . A first segment  160   a  may be implemented on one side of the switch  130 . A second segment  160   b  may be implemented on another side of the switch  130 . The switch  130  may be inserted between the first segment  160   a  and the second segment  160   b . While two segments are shown connected to the switch  130 , additional segments may be connected to meet the design criteria of a particular implementation. The component A and the component D may be connected to the segment  160   a . The component B and the component C may be connected to the segment  160   b . When the component A is requesting data (e.g., REQUESTA) from the component B, the component C is allowed to request data (e.g., REQUESTC) from the component D. The switch  130  will then normally transfer the data request REQUESTA from segment  160   a  to the segment  160   b , and the data request REQUESTC from the segment  160   b  to the segment  160   a , simultaneously.  
         [0014]     When the component B receives the data request REQUESTA, the component B takes the idle cycles to fetch data (e.g., DATAB). At the same time, the component D may have received the data request REQUESTC. The component D may also use the respective idle cycles to fetch the data DATAD. The component B and the component D put respective data on segment  160   b  and the segment  160   a  of the bus  130 . Again, the switchbox  130  forwards the data DATAB to the segment  160   a  and the data DATAD to the segment  160   b  at the same time.  
         [0015]     Furthermore, the component A and the component C do not necessarily have to make the appropriate data requests simultaneously. Similarly, the data DATAB and the data DATAD do not necessarily have to be put on the respective segment of the bus  130  simultaneously. The switch  130  may be implemented as two buffers  140  and  150 . The buffer  140  may connect one input from the segment  160   a  and present an output to the segment  160   b . The buffer  150  may operate in the reverse direction. The switch  130  holds the data that arrives early, waits for the other segment (e.g., the segment  160   a  or the segment  160   b ) to be available, then presents data from one segment (e.g., the segment  160   a ) to the other segment (e.g.,  160   b ).  
         [0016]     The switch  130  may hold data from one segment (e.g.,  160   a ) before forwarding the data to the other segment (e.g.,  160   b ). The size (e.g., depth and width) of the buffers  140  and  150  may be adjusted to meet the design criteria of a particular implementation. The switch  130  may also allow simultaneous access from two independent components (e.g., the components A and D) to two other components (e.g., the components B and C). In one example, the segment  160   a  and the segment  160   b  may operate at the same frequency. In another example, the segment  160   a  may operate at a first frequency and the segment  160   b  may operate at a second frequency. The first frequency may be the same, greater than or less than the second frequency.  
         [0017]     The system  100  may be extended into multiple segments with multiple buffers and forwarding logic. The system  100  may (i) reduce idle cycles, (ii) increase bus bandwidth and performance, (iii) support components that run at different bus frequencies. The system  100  may be implemented generically and be used in any shared bus architecture, be in systems or VLSI chips.  
         [0018]     Referring to  FIG. 3 , a more detailed diagram of the system  100  is shown. In particular, additional details of the switch  130  are shown. For example, a control portion  170   a  is shown between the buffer  140  and the bus segment  160   a . A control portion  170   b  is shown connected between the buffer  150  and the bus segment  160   b . The control portion  170   a  generally comprises a switch portion  172   a  and a control logic portion  174   b . Similarly, the control portion  170   b  generally comprises a switch portion  172   b  and a control logic portion  174   b.    
         [0019]     The control logic portion  174   a  may receive a bus busy signal (e.g., BUSY) from the bus segment  160   a . The signal BUSY generally indicates if the bus segment  160  has traffic (e.g., data, addresses, etc.). The control portion  170   a  allows data to be transferred from the buffer  140  to the bus segment  160   a  by closing the switch  172   a  if the signal BUSY indicates that the bus segment  160   a  is not busy. If the signal BUSY indicates that the bus segment  160  is busy, then the control portion  170   a  opens the switch  172   a , not allowing data to be presented from the buffer  140 . The control portion  170   b  provides similar operation while the control portion  170   a  is shown with a switch  172   a , other components may be implemented to meet the design criteria of a particular implementation. For example, a tri-state buffer may be implemented to control data flow. The buffer  140  may load information from the bus segment  160   b  while the buffer  150  loads information from the bus segment  160   a . Information (e.g., data, addresses, etc.) may be unloaded from the buffer  140  once the bus segment  160   a  is not busy. Similarly, data may be unloaded from the buffer  150  once the bus segment  160   b  is not busy. Portions of data may be loaded and/or unloaded from the buffers  140  and  150  at different times. For example, if the component A needs to send a large piece of data to the component B, a first portion of the data can be loaded into the buffer  140  while a smaller portion of data is being loaded from the component C to the buffer  150 . The buffer B may start unloading data to the bus segment  160   b , which may interrupt the data being loaded into the buffer  140 . After the data is unloaded from the buffer  150 , additional data may be loaded into the buffer  140 .  
         [0020]     As used herein, the term “simultaneously” is meant to describe events that share some common time period but the term is not meant to be limited to events that begin at the same point in time, end at the same point in time, or have the same duration.  
         [0021]     While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to the preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Technology Classification (CPC): 6