Patent Abstract:
Disclosed are a system, a method, and a computer program product to provide for the optimization of the output transfer load balance between the peer computers transferring data to one or more storage devices. The peer computers receive, organize and transfer the data to storage devices. The data set is composed of a plurality of data transfers. After an initial division of the data transfers between the two peers, each peer will have assigned responsibility for a number of data transfers. If the one of the peer computers completes offloading transactions earlier than the other peer, then the peer that is still transferring data will employ the other peer to execute a portion of the remaining data transfers. The operation of the system is symmetrical in that either peer may assist the other peer depending upon which peer has idle time. In addition the operation is autonomous and self-adjusting resulting in the peer nodes optimizing the size of the portion of data transfers that are reassigned during the operation of the invention resulting in the minimization of idle time for either peer. The self-adjusting feature allows the system to react to changing conditions that affect data transfer rates to the storage devices.

Full Description:
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]     The present application is related to application Ser. No. ______, entitled “Autonomic Link Optimization Through Elimination of Unnecessary Transfers”, Docket #TUC9-2002-0124 and to application Ser. No. ______, entitled “Autonomic Predictive Load Balancing of Output Transfers for Two Peer Computers for Data Storage Applications”, Docket #TUC9-2002-0123 both filed on an even date herewith, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
     
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD  
       [0002]     This invention concerns a system to maintain an optimized balance of outbound transfers between two peer nodes that are transferring data to one or more storage devices.  
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0003]     Data storage systems may maintain more than one copy of data to protect against losing the data in the event of a failure of any of the data storage components. A secondary copy of data at a remote site is typically used in the event of a failure at the primary site. Secondary copies of the current data contained in the primary site are typically made as the application system is writing new data to a primary site. In some data storage systems the secondary site may contain two or more peer computers operating together as a backup appliance to store the data in one or more storage devices. Each peer computer receives inbound data from the primary site and transfers the data to a storage controller, storage device(s), or other computers for backup storage of the data. This type of system could be used for a disaster recovery solution where a primary storage controller sends data to a backup appliance that, in turn, offloads the transfers to a secondary storage controller at a remote site. In such backup systems, data is typically maintained in volume pairs. A volume pair is comprised of a volume in a primary storage device and a corresponding volume in a secondary storage device that includes an identical copy of the data maintained in the primary volume. Typically, the primary volume of the pair will be maintained in a primary direct access storage device (DASD) and the secondary volume of the pair is maintained in a secondary DASD shadowing the data on the primary DASD. A primary storage controller may be provided to control access to the primary storage and a secondary storage controller may be provided to control access to the secondary storage.  
         [0004]     The backup appliance maintains consistent transaction sets, wherein application of all the transactions to the secondary device creates a point-in-time consistency between the primary and secondary devices. For each consistent transaction set, there will be one data structure created that will contain information on all outbound transfers in the set. This structure will be maintained on both of the peer nodes of the backup appliance. The backup appliance will maintain consistent transactions sets while offloading the transactions sets to the secondary device asynchronously. Both peer nodes in the backup appliance may transfer the data to any of the storage devices. To obtain the shortest transfer time it is necessary to divide the data transfers between the peers. An equal division of the data transfers between the two peers may not be optimal because the latency time to transfer data to a particular storage device may be different for each peer. This may result in the first peer finishing before the second peer, resulting in idle time for the first peer. In the case where the first peer finishes offloading transactions earlier than the second peer, it may be beneficial for the first peer node to assist the second peer node to complete the remaining transactions. In addition, the peer nodes should adjust the division of data transfers between the peers to minimize idle time at either peer for the present and future consistent transaction sets.  
         [0005]     Prior art systems distribute data movement tasks among multiple queue processors that each have access to a common queue of tasks to execute. Each of the queue processors has a queue of its own work and is able to access each of the other queue processor&#39;s queue to submit tasks. This forms a tightly coupled system where every queue processor in the system can access the other queue processor&#39;s tasks. Tasks are submitted without any knowledge of the impact on the overall system operation. In certain situations it may not be beneficial to transfer tasks because of overhead costs that may affect the overall system operation. The overhead costs may result in a longer time to complete the task than if the task had not been transferred. In addition the prior art systems do not optimize the operation of the system by adjusting the size of the tasks to transfer. Adjustment of the size of the tasks to transfer is important to react to changing operating conditions that affect the time to transfer data to the storage devices.  
         [0006]     There is a need to divide the data transfers between two peer computers to achieve an optimal minimum transfer time to transfer all of the data in a data set and to adjust the division of data transfers to react to varying conditions.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0007]     It is an object of the present invention to provide a method to share the transfer load between two peer computers transferring data to storage devices. Disclosed are a system, a method, and a computer program product to provide for the optimization of the output transfer load balance between two peer computers transferring data to one or more storage devices. The peer computers receive, organize and transfer the data to storage devices. The data set received may be a consistent transactions set or other type of data set for storage on one or more storage devices. The data set is composed of a plurality of data transfers. Each data transfer is an equal size block of data. The number of data transfers may vary for each data set received. The data transfers are initially divided between the two peer computers resulting in each peer having responsibility for a number of data transfers. Each of the peer computers receives all of the data transfers in the set, so that each peer has access to the entire set of data. The present invention operates by managing the assignments of data transfers for each peer computer and no data is transferred between the peers as the assignments change.  
         [0008]     After the initial division of the data transfers between the two peers, each peer will have assigned responsibility for a number of data transfers. If the one of the peer computers completes offloading transactions earlier than the other peer, then the peer that is still transferring data will employ the other peer to execute a portion of the remaining data transfers. The peer computers communicate with each other to determine if it is necessary for either peer to assist the other with data transfers. If the first peer is idle after completing data transfers it sends a messages to the other peer to offer assistance. The second peer receives the message and compares the number of transfers that remain to a threshold to determine if it is efficient to request assistance from the first peer. If it is not efficient for the first peer to assist because of the overhead associated with reassigning the data transfers, then the second peer responds with a “no assistance needed message”. If it is efficient for the first peer to assist, then a portion of the remaining data transfers are reassigned to the first peer. The operation of the system is symmetrical in that either peer may assist the other peer depending upon which peer has idle time. In addition the operation is autonomous and self-adjusting resulting in the peer nodes optimizing the size of the portion of data transfers that are reassigned during the operation of the invention resulting in the minimization of idle time for either peer. The self-adjusting feature allows the system to react to changing conditions that affect data transfer rates to the storage devices.  
         [0009]     For a more complete understanding of the present invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0010]      FIG. 1  is a block diagrammatic representation of a data storage network with primary and secondary sites.  
         [0011]      FIG. 2  is a block diagrammatic representation of a portion of the components located at the primary and secondary sites.  
         [0012]      FIG. 3  is a flowchart of the method used to balance the data transfer load of two peer computers.  
         [0013]      FIG. 4  is a flowchart of the method used to determine if a second peer needs assistance to transfer data to storage devices.  
         [0014]      FIG. 5  is a flowchart of the method used to determine if a first peer needs assistance to transfer data to storage devices.  
         [0015]      FIG. 6  is a flowchart of the method used to determine the first and second peer ratios when the second peer computer needs assistance.  
         [0016]      FIG. 7  is a flowchart of the method used to determine the first and second peer ratios when the first peer computer needs assistance. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0017]     This invention is described in preferred embodiments in the following description. The preferred embodiments are described with reference to the Figures. While this invention is described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that it is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.  
         [0018]     Data storage systems may maintain more than one copy of data at secondary data storage sites to protect against losing the data in the event of a failure of any of the data storage components at the primary site.  FIG. 1  shows a block diagram of a data storage system with a primary site  110  and secondary site  150 . Primary site  110  and secondary site  150  are data storage sites that may be separated by a physical distance, or the sites may be located in close proximity to each other. Both the primary site  110  and secondary site  150  have one or more host computers  111 ,  151 , a communication network within each site  112 ,  152 , storage controllers  113 ,  153 , and a communication network  115 , between the sites. The host computers  111 ,  151 , store and retrieve data with respect to the storage controllers  113 ,  153 , using the site communication network  112 ,  152 . The site communication network(s)  112 ,  152  may be implemented using a fiber channel storage area network (FC SAN). Data is transferred between the primary site  110  and secondary site  150  using communication network  115  through primary backup appliance  114  and secondary backup appliance  160 . A secondary copy of the data from the primary site  110  is transferred to and maintained at the secondary site  150 . In the event of a failure at the primary site  110  processing may be continued at secondary site  150 . Because the physical distance may be relatively large between the primary site  110  and secondary site  150 , the communication network  115  is typically slower than the communication network within each site  112 ,  152 . Because of the relatively slow communication network  115  between the sites, consistent transaction sets are sent from primary site  110  to the secondary site  150  to ensure a point in time consistency between the sites. Consistent transaction sets are described in application entitled “Method, System and Article of Manufacture for Creating a Consistent Copy”, application No. 10,339,957, filed on Jan. 9, 2003 of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. At the secondary site  150  the consistent transaction set is received and then transferred to various data storage devices for permanent storage.  
         [0019]      FIG. 2  is a block diagrammatic representation of a portion of the components of  FIG. 1 . At the primary site  110 , host computer(s)  201  communicates with storage management device  208  using communication line(s)  202 . The storage management device(s)  208  may comprise any storage management system known in the art, such as a storage controller, server, enterprise storage server, etc. Primary backup appliance  114  is comprised of peer node A  204 , peer node B  205  and communication line(s)  206 . Primary backup appliance  114  may have more or less components than shown in  FIG. 2 . Storage management device(s)  208  communicates with peer node A  204  and peer node B  205  using communication line(s)  203 . Host computer(s)  201  may alternatively communicate directly with peer node A  204  and peer node B  205  using communication lines(s)  219 . Herein references to peer node(s), peer computer(s), and peer(s) all refer to the same device(s). Peer node A  204  and peer node B  205  communicate with each other using communication line(s)  206 . Communication lines  202 ,  203  and  206  may be implemented using any network or connection technology known in the art, such as a Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN), Storage Area Network (SAN), the Internet, an Intranet, etc. Communication between any of the components may be in the form of executable instructions, requests for action, data transfers, status, etc.  
         [0020]     At the secondary site  150  host computer(s)  211  communicates with storage management device  218  using communication line(s)  212 . The storage management device(s)  218  may comprise any storage management system known in the art, such as a storage controller, server, enterprise storage server, etc. Secondary backup appliance  160  is comprised of peer node  1   214 , peer node  2   215  and communication line(s)  216 . Secondary backup appliance  160  may have more or less components than shown in  FIG. 2 . Storage management device(s)  218  communicates with peer node  1   214  and peer node  2   215  using communication lines  213 . Host computer(s)  211  may alternatively communicate directly with peer node  1   214  and peer node  2   215  using communication line(s)  220 . Peer node  1   214  and peer node  2   215  communicate with each other using communication lines  216 . Communication lines  212 ,  213  and  216  may be implemented using any network or connection technology known in the art, such as a Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN), Storage Area Network (SAN), the Internet, an Intranet, etc. The communication may be one or more paths between the components and not limited to the number of paths shown in  FIG. 2 . Communication between any of the components may be in the form of executable instructions, requests for action, data transfers, status, etc.  
         [0021]     Primary site  110  and secondary  150  site communicate with each other using communication lines  207 . Communication lines  207  may exist over a relatively large physical distance compared to communication lines  202 ,  203 ,  206 ,  212 ,  213  and  216 . Because of the physical separation of the primary  210  and secondary  220  locations, the transfer rate or bandwidth of communication lines  207  may be relatively slow compared to communication lines  202 ,  203 ,  206 ,  212 ,  213  and  216 . Communication lines  207  may be implemented using any connection technology known in the art such as the Internet, an Intranet, etc.  
         [0022]     For the present invention, primary site host computer(s)  201  sends data for storage to storage management device  208  using communication line(s)  202 . The storage management device  208  transfers this data to primary backup appliance  114  to create one or more backup copies of the data at a remote site. Alternatively, primary site host computer(s)  201  sends data directly to primary backup appliance  114  using communication line(s)  219  and then sends the same data to storage management device  208  using communication line(s)  202 . Alternatively, primary site host computer(s)  201  sends data to storage management device  208  that passes through an intelligent switch that forwards a copy of the data to both primary backup appliance  114  and storage management device  208 . The data is grouped into a consistent transaction set by peer node  1   204  and peer node  2   205  as it arrives from either storage management device  208  over communication lines  203 , primary site host computer(s)  201 , or an intelligent switch. Upon accumulating an entire consistent transaction data set, peer node A  204  and peer node B  205  transfer the consistent transaction set to peer node  1   214  and peer node  2   215  at the secondary site  150  using communication lines  207 . Peer node  1   214  and peer node  2   215  transfer the entire consistent transaction set to storage management device  218  for storage using communication lines  213 . Host computer(s)  211  may retrieve data from storage management device  218  using communication line(s)  212 .  
         [0023]      FIG. 3  shows flowchart  300  detailing the operation of the system to balance the output transfer load for peer node  1   214  and peer node  2   215  as they transfer data to one or more storage devices associated with storage management device(s)  218 . Referring to  FIG. 3 , at step  302  peer node  1   214  and peer node  2   215  receive a data set. The data set received may be a consistent transactions set or other type of data set for storage on one or more storage devices. The data set is composed of a plurality of data transfers. Each data transfer is an equal size block of data. The number of data transfers may vary for each data set received. The data transfers are initially divided between peer node  1   214  and peer node  2   215  resulting in each peer having responsibility for data transfers. Both peer node  1   214  and peer node  2   215  receive all of the data transfers in the set, either from the primary site or they mirror the data to each other so that they both have the entire set of data. The present invention operates by managing the assignments of data transfers for each peer node. No data is transferred between the peers as the assignments change. There are many methods that could be used to do the initial assignments of the data to each peer node. For example, the data transfers could be divided equally between peer node  1   214  and peer node  2   215  based upon the size of each data transfer.  
         [0024]     After the initial division of the data transfers between the two peers, each peer will have assigned responsibility for a number of data transfers. Peer node  1   214  is assigned responsibility for transferring a first number of data transfers of the data set to one or more storage devices. Peer node  2   215  is assigned responsibility for transferring a second number of data transfers of the data set to one or more storage devices. The assigned responsibility for the data transfers will herein be referred to as assigning the data transfers to the particular peer. Assignment of the data transfers to a peer for the present invention means that the peer will take all steps necessary to execute the assigned data transfers. At step  304  peer node  1   214  and peer node  2   215  begin to execute the data transfers by simultaneously transferring data to the storage devices. At step  306  the progress of peer node  1   214  and peer node  2   215  is examined to determine if one of the peers has completed transferring data to the storage devices. If peer node  1   214  and peer node  2   215  finish transferring data for the data set at approximately the same time then control flows to the end at step  345 . If peer node  1   214  finishes transferring data before peer node  2   215  then at step  306  control flows to step  311 . If peer node  2   215  finishes transferring data before peer node  1   214  then at step  306  control flows to step  310 . An explanation of the execution of step  311  and the steps that follow step  311  will be given first followed by an explanation of the execution of step  310  and the steps that follow step  310 .  
         [0025]     At step  311  peer node  1   214  and peer node  2   215  communicate with each other to determine if peer node  2   215  needs assistance to transfer a portion of the second number of data transfers of the data set. One implementation of step  311  is detailed by flowchart  400  shown in  FIG. 4 . At step  402  the first and second peer ratios are determined. The first and second peer ratios determine the number of data transfers that will be offloaded to the assisting peer by the peer requesting assistance and are explained in greater detail below. A determination of the second peer ratio is necessary to determine at step  311 , if peer node  2   215  needs assistance. The first and second peer ratios are determined at step  402  assuming that peer node  2   215  needs assistance, however, the first and second peer ratios are not actually adjusted until step  317  (explained below) under the condition that the result of step  311  is that peer node  2   215  needs assistance. If the result of step  311  is that peer node  2   215  does not need assistance then the first and second peer ratios determined at step  402  are discarded and the values of the first and second peer ratios previous to the execution of step  402  are retained for further use. If the result of step  311  is that peer node  2   215  needs assistance then the first and second peer ratios determined at step  402  are used at step  317  to adjust the previous values of the first and second peer ratios.  
         [0026]     One implementation of step  402  to determine the first and second peer ratios is detailed by flowchart  600  shown in  FIG. 6 . If this is the first execution of step  306  for this data set then step  602  transfers control to step  614 , resulting in no change to the first or second peer ratios. The first and second peer ratios are not changed if this is the first execution of step  306  for this data set because the ratios are either at an initial value or at a value as the result of previous adjustments from the operation of the present invention. The second peer ratio and the first peer ratio are only changed as a result of either peer node  1   214  or peer node  2   215  accepting assistance with data transfers on a previous execution of steps  310  or  311  for the present data set that is being transferred to the storage devices. The present invention uses the previous values for second peer ratio and the first peer ratio for the first instance of either peer needing assistance with data transfers for the present data set. Each time a new data set is received the present invention begins operation at step  301 .  
         [0027]     After execution of step  614 , step  640  is executed resulting in returning back to execution of step  403  of flowchart  400  shown in  FIG. 4 . If this is not the first execution of step  306  for this data set, then step  602  transfers control to step  605 , where a determination of which peer needed assistance after execution of the steps that follow step  306  ( FIG. 3 ) for the present data set is made. If at the previous execution of the steps that follow step  306  for the present data set, peer node  2   215  needed assistance, then step  610  transfers control to step  621 . At step  621  the second peer ratio is increased resulting in a larger portion of the second number of transfers being assigned to peer node  1   214  when step  313  is executed (explained below). The second peer ratio is increased or decreased by a second increment value. The second increment is optimized to have a quick response to changing conditions and also to provide a stable system. After execution of step  621 , step  640  is executed resulting in returning back to execution of step  403  of flowchart  400  shown in  FIG. 4 .  
         [0028]     If at the previous execution of the steps that follow step  306  for the present data set, peer node  2   215  did not need assistance, then step  610  transfers control to step  612 . If at step  612  it is determined that the previous execution of the steps that follow step  306  for the present data set, peer node  1   214  needed assistance, then step  612  transfers control to step  615 . At step  615  the first peer ratio is decreased resulting in a smaller portion of the first number of transfers being assigned to peer node  2   215  the next time step  312  (explained below) is executed. After execution of step  615 , step  640  is executed resulting in returning back to execution of step  403  of flowchart  400  shown in  FIG. 4 .  
         [0029]     If at step  612  it is determined that the previous execution of the steps that follow step  306  for the present data set, peer node  1   214  did not need assistance, then step  612  transfers control to step  614 , resulting in no change to the second peer ratio. After execution of step  614 , step  640  is executed resulting in returning back to execution of step  403  of flowchart  400  shown in  FIG. 4 .  
         [0030]     At step  403  a calculation of a portion of the second number of transfers is executed using the results of step  402 . The portion of the second number of transfers is equal to a second peer ratio multiplied by the remaining second number of transfers. The remaining second number of transfers is the difference between the second number of transfers that peer node  2   215  originally had responsibility for offloading and the second number of transfers that peer node  2   215  has already transferred to the storage devices. The remaining second number of transfers is a positive number. The second peer ratio is the ratio of the portion of remaining second number of transfers to the remaining second number of transfers. The second peer ratio is dynamically adjusted during the operation of the present invention and is described in more detail below. A first peer ratio that functions with peer node  1   214 , in a similar manner as the second peer ratio functions with peer node  2   215  is described below when the execution of step  310  and the steps that follow step  310  are explained.  
         [0031]     At step  410  the portion of the second number of transfers is compared to a second peer minimum. The second peer minimum is the minimum number of transfers necessary for peer node  1   214  to assist peer node  2   215  with data transfers. The second peer minimum is necessary to prevent peer node  2   215  from sending data transfers to peer node  1   214  if the second number of transfers is small enough that by the time peer node  1   214  would be able to complete the transfers, peer node  2   215  could have completed the transfers. The second peer minimum is determined by an examination of the network configuration and the latency of the communications between the peer computers. The second peer minimum must be large enough for it to be advantageous for peer node  1   214  to assist peer node  2   215  with data transfers after accounting for the overhead of the communications between the peers and other delays necessary to complete the entire operation. A utility program that examines the current network conditions and estimates the delays that exist to complete the transfers could determine the second peer minimum. Alternatively, the second peer minimum may be set to a value that depends upon the portion of the second number of transfers by either a fixed relationship such as a specified percentage or another relationship that considers network conditions. In any implementation it is expected that the second peer minimum may vary dynamically.  
         [0032]     If at step  410  the portion of the second number of transfers is less than or equal to the second peer minimum then step  427  is executed. At step  427  peer node  2   215  sends a “peer node  2   215  does not need assistance” message to peer node  1   214  and then executes step  430 . When peer node  1   214  receives the “peer node  2   215  does not need assistance” message from peer node  2   215 , peer node  1   214  takes no further action to assist peer node  2   215  until step  340  is executed. At step  430  the control returns to flowchart  300  ( FIG. 3 ) at step  340 . Execution of step  340  and the steps that follow step  340  are explained below.  
         [0033]     If at step  410  the portion of the second number of transfers is greater than the second peer minimum then step  426  is executed. At step  426  peer node  2   215  sends a “peer node  2   215  needs assistance” message to peer node  1   214 . This starts a process that will result in peer node  1   214  being assigned the responsibility for transferring the portion of the second number of transfers (explained below). Step  432  is executed after execution of step  426 . At step  432  the control returns to flowchart  300  ( FIG. 3 ) at step  313 . The messages between the peers regarding the need for assistance may consist of the text shown in the flowcharts, text described in this description, other messages, coded information, numbers representing bit positions or other forms of communication between electronic devices know in the art.  
         [0034]     Execution of step  313  and the steps that follow step  313  are now explained. Step  313  is executed as a result of a determination at step  311  that peer node  2   215  needs assistance with data transfers. At step  313 , peer node  1   214  is assigned responsibility for transferring the portion of the second number of transfers to the storage devices. At step  317  peer node  1   214  receives transfer information from peer node  2   215 . The transfer information includes exact information on the portion of the second number of transfers that are reassigned to peer node  1   214 . Peer node  1   214  receives the information specifying the portion of the second number of transfers and assigns the portion of the second number of data transfers as the first number of data transfers so that peer node  1   214  operates on the data transfers in the same manner as the first number of data transfers that peer node  1   214  was assigned at step  302 . At step  317  the first and second peer ratios are adjusted according to the determination made at step  402 . The first and second peer ratios are adjusted as a result of the decision at step  311  that peer node  2   215  needs assistance with data transfers.  
         [0035]     At step  319  peer node  1   214  begins to transfer the data to one or more storage devices. Peer node  2   215  continues to transfer the remaining second number of transfers calculated at step  403  and explained above. After execution of step  319 , step  340  is executed. Execution of step  340  and the steps that follow step  340  are explained below.  
         [0036]     If peer node  2   215  finishes transferring data before peer node  1   214 , the decision at step  306  results in the execution of step  310 . The description of the execution of step  310  and the steps that follow step  310  is similar to the description of the execution of step  311  and the steps that follow step  311 . The execution of step  310  and the steps that follow step  310  are now explained.  
         [0037]     At step  310  peer node  1   214  and peer node  2   215  communicate with each other to determine if peer node  1   214  needs assistance to transfer a portion of the first number of data transfers of the data set. One implementation of step  310  is detailed by flowchart  500  shown in  FIG. 5 . At step  502  the first and second peer ratios are determined. A determination of the first peer ratio is necessary to determine at step  310 , if peer node  1   214  needs assistance. The first and second peer ratios are determined at step  502  assuming that peer node  1   214  needs assistance, however, the first and second peer ratios are not actually adjusted until step  316  (explained below) under the condition that the result of step  310  is that peer node  1   214  needs assistance. If the result of step  310  is that peer node  1   214  does not need assistance then the first and second peer ratios determined at step  502  are discarded and the values of the first and second peer ratios previous to the execution of step  502  are retained for further use. If the result of step  310  is that peer node  1   214  needs assistance then the first and second peer ratios determined at step  502  are used at step  316  to adjust the previous values of the first and second peer ratios.  
         [0038]     One implementation of step  502  to determine the first and second peer ratios is detailed by flowchart  700  shown in  FIG. 7 . If this is the first execution of step  306  for this data set then step  702  transfers control to step  714 , resulting in no change to the first or second peer ratios. The first and second peer ratios are not changed if this is the first execution of step  306  for this data set because the ratios are either at an initial value or at a value as the result of previous adjustments from the operation of the present invention. The second peer ratio and the first peer ratio are only changed as a result of either peer node  1   214  or peer node  2   215  accepting assistance with data transfers on a previous execution of steps  310  or  311  for the present data set that is being transferred to one or more storage devices. The present invention uses the previous values for second peer ratio and the first peer ratio for the first instance of either peer needing assistance with data transfers for the present data set. Each time a new data set is received the present invention begins operation at step  301 .  
         [0039]     After execution of step  714 , step  740  is executed resulting in returning back to execution of step  503  of flowchart  500  shown in  FIG. 5 . If this is not the first execution of step  306  for this data set, then step  702  transfers control to step  705 , where a determination of which peer needed assistance after execution of the steps that follow step  306  ( FIG. 3 ) for the present data set is made. If at the previous execution of the steps that follow step  306  for the present data set, peer node  1   245  needed assistance, then step  710  transfers control to step  721 . At step  721  the first peer ratio is increased resulting in a larger portion of the second number of transfers being assigned to peer node  2   215  when step  312  is executed (explained below). The first peer ratio is increased or decreased by a first increment value. The first increment is optimized to have a fast response to changing conditions and also to provide a stable system. After execution of step  721 , step  740  is executed resulting in returning back to execution of step  503  of flowchart  500  shown in  FIG. 5 .  
         [0040]     If at the previous execution of the steps that follow step  306  for the present data set, peer node  1   214  did not need assistance, then step  710  transfers control to step  712 . If at step  712  it is determined that the previous execution of the steps that follow step  306  for the present data set, peer node  2   215  needed assistance, then step  712  transfers control to step  715 . At step  715  the second peer ratio is decreased resulting in a smaller portion of the second number of transfers being assigned to peer node  1   214  the next time step  313  (explained above) is executed. After execution of step  715 , step  740  is executed resulting in returning back to execution of step  503  of flowchart  500  shown in  FIG. 5 .  
         [0041]     If at step  712  it is determined that the previous execution of the steps that follow step  306  for the present data set, peer node  2   215  did not need assistance, then step  712  transfers control to step  714 , resulting in no change to the second peer ratio. After execution of step  714 , step  740  is executed resulting in returning back to execution of step  503  of flowchart  500  shown in  FIG. 5 .  
         [0042]     At step  503  a calculation of a portion of the first number of transfers is executed using the results of step  502 . The portion of the first number of transfers is equal to the first peer ratio multiplied by the remaining first number of transfers. The remaining first number of transfers is the difference between the first number of transfers that peer node  1   214  originally had responsibility for offloading and the first number of transfers that peer node  1   214  has already transferred to the storage devices. The remaining first number of transfers is a positive number. The first peer ratio is the ratio of the portion of remaining first number of transfers to the remaining first number of transfers. The first peer ratio is dynamically adjusted during the operation of the present invention and is described in detail above.  
         [0043]     At step  510  the portion of the first number of transfers is compared to a first peer minimum. The first peer minimum is the minimum number of transfers necessary for peer node  2   215  to assist peer node  1   214  with data transfers. The first peer minimum is necessary to prevent peer node  1   214  from sending data transfers to peer node  2   215  if the first number of transfers is small enough that by the time peer node  2   215  would be able to complete the transfers, peer node  1   214  could have completed the transfers. The first peer minimum is determined in a similar manner as the second peer minimum is determined and described above. The first peer minimum must be large enough for it to be advantageous for peer node  2   215  to assist peer node  1   214  with data transfers after accounting for the overhead of the communications between the peers and other delays necessary to complete the entire operation. It is expected that the second peer minimum may vary dynamically.  
         [0044]     If at step  510  the portion of the first number of transfers is less than or equal to the first peer minimum then step  527  is executed. At step  527  peer node  1   214  sends a “peer node  1   214  does not need assistance” message to peer node  2   215  and then executes step  530 . When peer node  2   215  receives the “peer node  1   214  does not need assistance” message from peer node  1   214 , peer node  2   215  takes no further action to assist peer node  1   214  until step  340  is executed. At step  530  the control returns to flowchart  300  ( FIG. 3 ) at step  340 . Execution of step  340  and the steps that follow step  340  are explained below.  
         [0045]     If at step  510  the portion of the first number of transfers is greater than the first peer minimum then step  526  is executed. At step  526  peer node  1   214  sends a “peer node  1   214  needs assistance” message to peer node  2   215 . This starts a process that will result in peer node  2   215  being assigned the responsibility for transferring the portion of the first number of transfers (explained below). Step  532  is executed after execution of step  526 . At step  532  the control returns to flowchart  300  ( FIG. 3 ) at step  312 .  
         [0046]     Execution of step  312  and the steps that follow step  312  are now explained. Step  312  is executed as a result of a determination at step  310  that peer node  1   214  needs assistance with data transfers. At step  312 , peer node  2   215  is assigned responsibility for transferring the portion of the first number of transfers to the storage devices. At step  316  peer node  2   215  receives transfer information from peer node  1   214 . The transfer information includes exact information on the portion of the first number of transfers that are reassigned to peer node  2   215 . Peer node  2   215  receives the information specifying the portion of the first number of transfers and assigns the portion of the first number of data transfers as the second number of data transfers so that peer node  2   215  operates on the data transfers in the same manner as the second number of data transfers that peer node  2   215  was assigned at step  302 . At step  316  the first and second peer ratios are adjusted according to the determination made at step  502 . The first and second peer ratios are adjusted as a result of the decision at step  310  that peer node  1   214  needs assistance with data transfers.  
         [0047]     At step  318  peer node  2   215  begins to transfer the data to one or more storage devices. Peer node  1   214  continues to transfer the remaining second number of transfers calculated at step  503  (explained above). After execution of step  318 , step  340  is executed. Execution of step  340  and the steps that follow step  340  are explained below.  
         [0048]     Execution of step  340  results from the execution of any of steps  306 ,  310 ,  311 ,  318 , or  319 . At step  340  the progress of peer node  1   214  and peer node  2   215  is examined to determine if one both of the peers have completed transferring data to the storage devices. If peer node  1   214  or peer node  2   215  did not finish transferring data for the data set the control flows back to step  306  where the process repeats. If at step  340  peer node  1   214  and peer node  2   215  have both finished transferring data for the data set then control flows to step  345  where the process ends until the next data set is received  
         [0049]     While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated in detail, the skilled artisan will appreciate that modifications and adaptations to those embodiments may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention as set forth in the following claims.

Technology Classification (CPC): 6