Patent Abstract:
According to one aspect, there is provided a curtain assembly including a curtain and a plurality of rails. The curtain can be used to cover a variety of openings. The plurality of rails can be attached to and disposed horizontally on the curtain to provide rigidity to the curtain when in an open position (covering the opening). The plurality of rails can be made of two main sections, a first and a second coupled to opposite sides of the curtain. The second section can be configured to provide the lateral stability to the curtain, permitting the first section to be made of almost any material. Typically both sections are metal. The first section can also include folded over portions which wrap around the edges of the curtain. The folded over portions provide for attachment and also insure no sharp edges exist on the exterior sides of the curtain. The plurality of rails can be bonded to the curtain using an adhesive. The curtain can include prepared bonding surface to receive the rails. Both can be spaced to minimize overlap between the plurality of rails when the curtain is in a recessed position (wound around a roller).

Full Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/911,807, entitled “ARCHITECTURAL APPARATUS AND METHOD,” filed Oct. 26, 2010, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,408,274, which application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §120 to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/254,915 entitled “ARCHITECTURAL APPARATUS AND METHOD,” filed Oct. 26, 2009, and U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/362,744 entitled “ARCHITECTURAL APPARATUS AND METHOD,” filed Jul. 9, 2010, each of which applications are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Traditional window curtain installations are configured to provide for both functional and aesthetic purposes. In a conventional curtain, one functional goal is to reduce light impinging upon dwelling areas or other interior spaces coming from exterior windows. Other functions include providing for removal of the shading portions of the curtain to allow more light as desired. In some examples, this can be accomplished by winding a curtain around a roller operated by hand via a draw cord. An operator can raise or lower a curtain depending upon, for example, a desired amount of light. In other examples, the roller can be operated via a motor to raise and lower the curtain, covering exterior windows to any desired degree. 
     Typically, consumers select curtains based not only on the functional aspects provided, but also based on the aesthetic of the curtain. The look and feel of the curtain can be an important consideration for an appropriate curtain selection. Traditional curtains fail to incorporate non-traditional materials, and can fail to permit different aesthetics for curtain assemblies. Further traditional curtains can fail to account for the use of non-traditional materials and their impact on normal operation of a curtain assembly and the corresponding structures that implement a given curtain. 
     SUMMARY 
     Accordingly there is provided a curtain assembly including a curtain and a plurality of rails. The curtain can be configured to cover an exterior opening, for example, a window in building. The plurality of rails can be attached to the curtain so they are perpendicular to a direction of operation of the curtain. The direction of operation can include the raising and lowering of the curtain to cover the exterior opening and can also include side to side motion for curtains that are installed vertically (relative to a floor of a room, for example). The curtain and the plurality of rails can be attached to a roller that upon rotation raises and lowers the curtain and the plurality of rails. 
     In one embodiment, the rails are constructed and arranged to provide for lateral rigidity in the curtain. A rigid curtain can insure appropriate coverage over the exterior opening both during operation of the curtain (e.g. raising and lowering) and while the curtain is in a fixed position. Further, the weight of a rail or rails can also be used to provide for vertical rigidity in the curtain. In particular, according to one embodiment, curtains that are raised and lowered into position will be pulled taught by the weight of a rail or rails that have already been extended. 
     The plurality of rails can be made of a plurality of sections. In some embodiments, the rail comprises two main sections, a first interior facing member and a second exterior facing member on opposite sides of the curtain. In one embodiment, the first interior member of a rail can be made of almost any material (e.g. metal, wood, plastic, etc.). The interior facing member can be selected based on appearance alone, as the material selected for the opposite exterior facing side is typically selected to provide for any requirement of rigidity and support by the curtain. The interior member and the exterior member of the rail can be adhered to their respective sides of the curtain using a variety of adhesives. In some examples, the interior facing member of the rail can also be engaged with the exterior facing member through additional attachment mechanisms. In one example, a rivet may provide for engagement between an interior facing member of the rail and the exterior facing member of the rail through the curtain. In some settings, the curtain itself can be prepared for attachment to the interior and exterior members. For example, the curtain may be constructed with a bonding surface configured to receive the plurality of rails. A bonding surface can, in some examples, be constructed on a given curtain by heat treating the curtain in a desired location. A bonding surface can be prepared that extends about both sides of a curtain. For a given length of the curtain, a plurality of spaced apart bonding surfaces can be included and configured to receive a plurality of rails. 
     According to one embodiment, providing for construction of a rail from a first interior member and a second exterior member permits the use of a wider variety of materials for the first interior member. Typically, the first interior member is constructed of a ductile metal of a length exceeding the width of the curtain on which it is to be installed. The additional length permits the first member to be folded about the curtain, creating a first and second folded end that wraps around the interior side of the curtain and presses against the opposite side of the curtain. The first folded end includes an interior flat portion which abuts the interior side of the curtain, a rounded portion, and an exterior flat portion that abuts the opposite or exterior side of the curtain. The interior flat portion and the exterior flat portion are constructed to compress the curtain between the interior flat portion and the exterior flat portion. The second folded end mirrors the first folded end, having a respective interior flat portion, a rounded portion, and an exterior flat portion. The interior flat portion of the second folded end and the exterior flat portion of the second folded end are constructed to compress the curtain between the respective interior flat portion and the exterior flat portion. 
     A space can be defined on the exterior side of the curtain between the first folded end and the second folded end of the first interior member. The second exterior member of the rail can be fixed into position by attachment to the exterior side of the curtain in the space defined between the first and second folded ends. In one example, the second exterior member is attached at a prepared bonding surface between the first and second folded ends using an adhesive. The second exterior member is typically constructed of a rigid metal. In some embodiments, the second exterior member is constructed and arranged to provide any structural support required to maintain a rigid curtain. For example, commercially available tempered and/or “full hard” stainless steel can be used to provide sufficient structural support, such that almost any material can be employed for the first interior member. In some embodiments, the second exterior member provides the structural support necessary for the curtain, and in others the first interior member can contribute to the structural support provided by a rail. In some embodiments, the members are constructed and arranged to material of sufficient strength to provide rigidity in the curtain based on low profile dimensions. In one example, the members are constructed of metal with a height of 5/16 inches by a width of 0.020 inches, although other dimensions can be used. 
     In some embodiments, the second exterior member is constructed to abut the first and second folded ends of the first interior member. In other embodiments, the second member can be attached to the first interior member at the first and/or second folded ends. In another embodiment, attachment mechanisms can also be used to attach the first interior member to the second exterior member. In one example, a rivet can attach the first interior and second exterior member to form the individual rails of the plurality of rails attached to the curtain. 
     The spacing of the rails, and/or the prepared bonding surfaces on the curtain can also be configured to assist in the operation of the curtain assembly. In particular, the placement of the rails can be arranged to minimize overlap of the plurality of rails as the curtain is wound around a roller. Likewise, the dimensions of the rails can be selected to facilitate operation of the curtain assembly. For example, The placement of the plurality of rails and/or the bonding surfaces on the curtain to which they are attached can be tailored to a specific dimension of the plurality of rails to permit the rails and curtain to be wound over the roller with minimal overlap of the rails. For example, based on the width of the plurality of rails, the distance between the rails and/or bonding surfaces can be tailored to permit minimal overlap in the plurality of rails when wound around a roller. In another example, the spacing of the rails and the circumference of a roller can be tailored to accommodate the rails in a wound position. In another embodiment, the circumference of the roller can be configured to permit winding of the curtain and the plurality of rails for rails of a given width and spacing so as to minimize overlap of the plurality of rails when the curtain is retracted. 
     According to one aspect of the present invention, a curtain assembly is provided. The curtain assembly comprises a curtain selectably moveable between an open position and a recessed position, and a plurality of rail assemblies attached to the curtain, wherein the plurality of rail assemblies are constructed and arranged to provide lateral stability in the curtain when the curtain is in an open position, and wherein the plurality of rail assemblies further comprise: a first member attached to a first side of the curtain, the first member constructed and arranged to include a first folded portion, wherein the first folded portions comprises: an interior flat portion, an exterior flat portion, a rounded portion connecting the interior flat portion and the exterior flat portion, wherein the curtain is compressed between the interior flat portion and the exterior flat portion, and a second member attached to an opposite side of the curtain. 
     According to one embodiment of the present invention, the first member further comprises a second folded portion wherein the second folded portion comprises a second interior flat portion, a second exterior flat portion, a second rounded portion connecting the second interior flat portion and the second exterior flat portion, wherein the curtain is compressed between the second interior flat portion and the second exterior flat portion. According to another embodiment of the invention, the curtain assembly further comprises a roller attached to the curtain, wherein the roller is constructed and arranged rotate thereby transitioning the curtain between the open position, wherein the curtain is extended from the roller and the recessed position, wherein the curtain is wound around the roller. According to another embodiment of the invention, the first member and second member of the plurality of rail assemblies are constructed of metal. 
     According to one embodiment of the present invention, the second member of the plurality of rail assemblies is constructed to provide the lateral stability in the curtain when the curtain is in the open position. According to another embodiment of the invention, the second member of the plurality of rail assemblies is constructed to provide substantially all of the lateral stability in the curtain when the curtain is in the open position. According to another embodiment of the invention, the first member is constructed and arranged of a ductile metal. According to another embodiment of the invention, the first member is constructed and arranged to provide substantially no lateral stability to the curtain. According to another embodiment of the invention, the first member and the second member of the plurality of rail assemblies is attached to the curtain using an adhesive. 
     According to another embodiment of the invention, the curtain further comprises a plurality of bonding surfaces configured for attachment to the plurality of rail assemblies. According to another embodiment of the invention, the plurality of rail assemblies are constructed and arranged to include a spacing between each of the plurality of rail assemblies, wherein the spacing is configured to minimize the overlap of each of the plurality of rail assemblies when the curtain is wound around the roller in the recessed position. 
     According to one embodiment of the present invention, the curtain further comprises a plurality of bonding surfaces configured for attachment of the plurality of rail assemblies, wherein the plurality of bonding surfaces are constructed and arranged to include a spacing between each of the plurality of bonding surfaces, wherein the spacing is configured to minimize the overlap of each of the plurality of rail assemblies when the curtain is wound around the roller into the recessed position. According to another embodiment of the invention, the first member of the plurality of rail assemblies is constructed and arranged of a length exceeding the width of the curtain. According to another embodiment of the invention, the exterior flat portion and at least part of the rounded portion are defined by a portion of the length of the first member that exceed the width of the curtain. 
     According to another embodiment of the invention, the second member of the plurality of rail assemblies is configured to abut the first and second folded portions of the first member. According to another embodiment of the invention, the second member of the plurality of rail assemblies is attached to the first member. According to another embodiment of the invention, the curtain assembly includes a coupling device configured to attach the second member and the first member. According to another embodiment of the invention, the roller is constructed and arranged with mating surfaces, wherein the mating surfaces are constructed and arranged to mate with the plurality of rail assemblies when the curtain is in the recessed position. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Various aspects of at least one embodiment are discussed below with reference to the accompanying figures, which are not intended to be drawn to scale. The figures are included to provide illustration and a further understanding of the various aspects and embodiments, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, but are not intended as a definition of the limits of the invention. Where technical features in the figures, detailed description or any claim are followed by references signs, the reference signs have been included for the sole purpose of increasing the intelligibility of the figures, detailed description, and/or claims. Accordingly, neither the reference signs nor their absence are intended to have any limiting effect on the scope of any claim elements. In the figures, each identical or nearly identical component that is illustrated in various figures is represented by a like numeral. For purposes of clarity, not every component may be labeled in every figure. In the figures: 
         FIGS. 1A-D  illustrate example views of example curtain shade assemblies, according to aspects of the present invention; 
         FIG. 1E  illustrates an example of roller used in a curtain shade assembly, according to aspects of the present invention; 
         FIGS. 2A-E  illustrate examples of an end horizontal element, according to aspects of the present invention; 
         FIGS. 3A-D  illustrate examples of an end horizontal element for use in a window shade assembly, according to aspects of the invention; 
         FIG. 4  illustrates an example of a window shade apparatus, according to aspects of the present invention; 
         FIG. 5  illustrates an example of a window shade apparatus, according to aspects of the present invention; 
         FIGS. 6A-D  illustrate example window shades apparatuses, according to aspects of the present invention; 
         FIGS. 7A-C  illustrate examples of systems for manufacturing window shade apparatuses and curtain assemblies, according to aspects of the present invention; 
         FIG. 8  illustrates a process for fabricating a curtain, according to aspects of the present invention; 
         FIG. 9A  illustrates an example of a rail employed in a curtain assembly, according to aspects of the present invention; 
         FIGS. 9B-C  illustrate example views of a curtain assembly, according to aspects of the present invention; 
         FIGS. 10A-C  illustrate examples of assembly of a rail used in a curtain assembly, according to aspects of the invention; and 
         FIGS. 11A-B  illustrate an example rail configured for use in a curtain assembly, according to aspects of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     According to one aspect, presented are novel integration of various structural elements into window curtain assemblies and window shade design models. In particular, according to some embodiments, metal banding is incorporated into a fabric reel window shade in a unique manner. The difficulties associated with integrating metal banding and the various structural elements of the curtain assemblies can be overcome according to some embodiments discussed herein. Notably, various structural elements introduced in the fabric curtain portion of the window shade apparatus present difficulties when employing a traditional reel based mechanism for raising and lowering the shade. 
     According to another aspect, a manufacturing process and machinery that can be used to generate some embodiments of novel window shades are also presented. Other features and aspects will become apparent with reference to the figures and related description, which provide additional detail with respect to some embodiments of the present invention. 
     According to another aspect, a curtain assembly includes a curtain and a plurality of rails attached to the curtain. The plurality of rails can be constructed of metal as described in greater detail below. In some embodiments, the plurality of rails are constructed and arranged to provide for the use of a ductile metal for an interior facing section, while providing structural support to the curtain by a rigid metal exterior facing section. The combination permits the use of various materials for the interior facing section. In some embodiments, the combination allows for aesthetic effect to govern the selection of the material used for the interior facing portion of a rail. In other embodiments, the combination further permits construction of the first interior section so as to minimize the amount of material needed for the first interior section. In one example, the first interior section can be constructed of an expensive metal. The amount of metal required for the first interior section can be reduced by relying on the structure provided by the second exterior section to hold the curtain in place with little or no support from the first interior member. Additional benefits can be derived from the used of curtain assemblies including the plurality of metal rails as discussed in greater detail below. 
     Shown for example in  FIG. 1 , is one embodiment incorporating some aspects of the present invention. Curtain shade assembly  100  is constructed of a roll tube  130 , which upon rotation winds a curtain  120  off of or onto the roll tube  130 . The curtain  120  is attached to horizontal elements  102 - 108 . The horizontal elements are constructed and arranged to hold the curtain  120  taught when the curtain is off of the roll tube  130 . According to one embodiment, curtain  120  can be constructed of fabric (or other materials). 
     Horizontal elements  102 - 108  provide the structural support to hold the curtain under tension. Tension is maintained such that the curtain when off of the roll tube can be configured to be flat or substantially flat, shown for example in  FIG. 1D . One should appreciate that  FIGS. 1A-E  are shown by way of example. For example, horizontal elements  102 - 108  can be constructed of metal banding having a height of 5/16″. The height of the metal banding can dictate other structural features of the curtain assembly  130 . In particular, according to some embodiments, the spacing of the horizontal elements  102 - 108  can be tailored to facilitate the operation of the curtain assembly  100  as the curtain is wound around roll tube  130 . For example, the spacing of the horizontal elements can be arranged to provide for minimal overlap of the horizontal elements  102 - 108  when the curtain is rolled about roll tube  130 . Shown in  FIG. 1C  is an example of a curtain  152  wound around roll tube  159 , with a plurality of horizontal elements  155 - 158  arranged such that overlap between the horizontal elements is minimized. In some examples, the horizontal elements can be configured to align adjacent to each other as the curtain is wound. 
     In some embodiments, the horizontal elements  102 - 108  each comprise a pair of respective metal members A and B. The metal members  108 A-B are typically constructed and arranged of metals of varying rigidity. In some embodiments the metal for an exterior facing side is selected to provide rigidity to curtain. The thickness dimension of exterior facing metal member can be varied depending on a required rigidity, for example to hold the curtain under tension, such that the curtain remains substantially flat when off of the roll tube  130 . One should appreciate that different levels of rigidity are required based on the details of a specific installation. In some examples, little rigidity is required and thin members (e.g. metal members  108 A-B may be used to sandwich the curtain  120  between them). Shown at  108 A and  108 B are two metal members applied to opposing sides of a curtain  120 . The metal bands can be constructed to facilitate operation of the assembly, in one example, by having widths of 0.020 inches (+/−0.009 inches). In other examples, different width and/or heights can be employed. 
     In some processes for producing the window shade, an adhesive layer  109  is applied to the metal members  108 A-B to fix the position of the members so other attachment mechanisms can be included. For example, adhesive tape can be used at  109  to fix the position of the metal members  108 A-B so that another attachment mechanism can be employed. In another example, the attachment mechanism includes a rivet,  124 . Other attachment mechanisms may be employed. In other examples, the adhesive can be the only attachment mechanism to fix the member  108 A and  108 B to the curtain  120 . Each horizontal element can be constructed in a manner similar to the horizontal element  108 , with each horizontal element  102 - 106  having their own respective inter and exterior metal members  102 A-B,  104 A-B, and  106 A-B. Further each horizontal element and the members A and B that comprise them can be attached to the curtain  120  using an adhesive applied at  111 . In some embodiments, additional attached mechanisms can be employed. In one example, rivets  113  may be used to fix the members together. 
     One should readily appreciate that the attachment mechanism used should not impede the operation of the curtain. In one embodiment, the attachment mechanism is configured to be flush with the metal members, permitting operation of the curtain (raising and lowering) without catching the fabric of the curtain. In one example, a rivet is employed so that the rivet is flush with the metal members  108 A-B. 
     Some implementations can include horizontal elements of thickness less than 0.1 of an inch for each member pair, providing an overall thickness of up to 0.2 inches. Other embodiments can use material of differing thicknesses for each element, including different thicknesses for an interior facing member and an exterior facing member among other examples. Thin implementations can be used, for example, with expensive material and/or where the primary purpose of the elements is to contribute to the overall design of the window shade apparatus. 
     Roll tube  130  operates to raise and lower curtain  120  once the assembly  100  is installed. According to some embodiments, the spacing of the horizontal elements is important to the proper functioning of the window shade. Typically, the roll mechanism must be configured to incorporate the length of the curtain  120  and the thickness of each individual horizontal element. Appropriate spacing between the horizontal elements prevents overlap permitting a smaller overall chamber for the curtain  120  and roll tube  130 , for those embodiments employing an outer chamber to conceal the roll and curtain from view (not shown). Additionally, the spacing between horizontal elements provides for a smaller profile for some shade embodiments that do not conceal the roll tube  130  and curtain  120  when in its upper or recessed position. 
     Shown at  150  is a window shade assembly  150  with curtain  152  partially recessed. Window shade assembly  150  illustrates a wound position of the curtain  152 , and the nesting of the horizontal elements  155 - 159 , so that the plurality of horizontal elements align in adjacent position, minimizing overlap of the horizontal elements. In some embodiments, the horizontal elements will overlap, but typically, they are adapted and configured to occupy adjacent positions until the adjacent positions are filled, and then the next horizontal member will occupy an overlapping space with any remaining elements occupying positions adjacent to the first overlapping element. Thus according to some embodiments, the horizontal members will occupy adjacent positions until the diameter of the roll tube  160  and curtain is filled, and then a next circle of adjacent space will be filled and so and until the curtain and any horizontal members are entirely retracted. According to one example, spacing considerations can be determined by accounting for the tube diameter (alternatively by radius or circumference) and the width dimension of the horizontal elements. One should appreciate that different spacing dimensions may be employed. 
     Referring again to  FIG. 1A , shown as part of shade  100 , is pocket  126 . Pocket  126  can provide a conventional style pocket defined by an end of the curtain material folded over. Typically in a conventional style shade, pocket  126  would have an element inserted to provide some stability/rigidity and weight to assist in the operation of the window shade assembly  100 . Often the weight is sized to assist in the opening of the shade or to assist in removing the curtain  120  from the roll tube  130 . In one alternative, instead of generating a pocket of the curtain material, an end horizontal element can be installed. 
     Shown in  FIG. 1B , at  190  is one alternative implementation of a window shade assembly. Window shade assembly  190  incorporates adhesive tape at  192 , or other adhesive layer (glue, epoxy, etc) of sufficient strength to hold metal banding at  194  directly to the fabric of the curtain  196 . One should appreciate that the adhesive layer must be strong enough not only to hold the metal banding in place but also to withstand the normal operation of the curtain (opening and closing—repeatedly) which will put additional stress and strain on the bond between the metal banding and the fabric of the curtain, in the embodiments where the adhesive layer is the only attachment mechanism. 
       FIGS. 2A-B  illustrate examples of an end horizontal element and specific features of the examples. According to some embodiments, the front and back of each horizontal element can be constructed of different materials. In some embodiments, the material for the front and back of the horizontal elements are uniform; in others, different material may be used for the front and back portions. The size of the various horizontal elements can vary even within an individual shade, for example in  FIG. 1D  is curtain assembly  170 . Roll tube  176 A is attached to curtain  178 . Internal horizontal elements  171 - 174  feature shorter widths than the end horizontal element  175 . In one embodiment, curtain assembly  170  can include wire attachment  179  between the horizontal elements  171 - 175 . Wire attachment  179  can be made of string, rope, wire, or other flexible and resilient material. Wire attachment  179 , as shown, serves to guide the opening of the curtain and assists in its retraction. 
     In another embodiment,  FIG. 1E , roll tube  176 B may be constructed specifically for the curtain and associated horizontal elements. Instead of employing a circular cylinder, other arrangements may be used to provide for improved communication between the roll tube  176 B and the horizontal elements. In this example, a hexagonal roll tube  176 B can be employed with a six horizontal element curtain. In other embodiments the number of sides may vary according to the number of horizontal elements. For example, octagonal roll tube can be employed for a curtain with 8 horizontal elements. Although one should appreciate that in some embodiments, it is not necessary to count the end horizontal element as it may not be wound on the tube. Further, in some embodiments, the end horizontal element can feature rounded edges and may also include additional structural elements (as shown by example in  FIGS. 2A-E ). 
     Referring to  FIG. 2A , shown is one embodiment of an end horizontal element  202  attached to the base of a curtain  204 , forming a curtain assembly  200 . Shown by example in sided view at  210  ( FIG. 2B ), the end horizontal element  202  can be constructed of an interior member  212  and an exterior member  214  which are fixed to curtain  204  using an adhesive, for example, adhesive tape at  216 . Returning to the front view,  200 , the end horizontal element can include additional attachment mechanisms to attach the interior member  212  to the exterior member  214  and the curtain  204 . As shown, rivets can be employed at  206  to attach the members  212 - 214  to the curtain  204 . According to some embodiments, an end horizontal element can include additional features. For example, the end horizontal element can include rounded edges at  208  to improve operation of the curtain assembly  200 . Rounded edges  208  can facilitate the operation of the curtain assembly by preventing the end horizontal element from catching or damaging surfaces adjacent to an installed position. For example, the curtain assembly can be installed in a window box of a conventional window (not shown). Rounded edges  208  can assist in preventing the horizontal element  202  from catching or damaging the surfaces of the window box. Shown at  220  ( FIG. 2C ) is a perspective view of a curtain assembly including a curtain  222  and an end horizontal element  224 . Shown in  FIG. 2D  is a curtain assembly  230 , including a curtain  232  and an end horizontal element  234  attached to a roller. Shown in  FIG. 2E , is an example curtain assembly  250 , including a curtain  252  and a horizontal element  254  employing an additional row of attachment mechanisms. Shown at  256  are rivets employed to attach an interior member  258  of the end horizontal element  254  to an exterior member (not shown). End horizontal elements can be constructed of varying thickness and height depending on a particular installation. Additional attachments may be required depending on the size of the dimensions of the horizontal elements, for example, as shown in  FIG. 2E . 
     With reference to  FIGS. 3A-C , shown is another embodiment of an end horizontal element  300  from a front view,  FIG. 3A , a perspective view,  FIG. 3C , and a side view  FIG. 3B . According to one embodiment, the end horizontal element  300  can include additional structural elements. The additional structure elements (e.g.  304 ,  FIG. 3C  showing a perspective view of  300 ), form a receiving channel (e.g.  306 ) for receiving plates ( 303 C,  FIG. 3B  showing a side view of horizontal element  300 ). Plates (e.g.  303 C) can be constructed of different materials permitting signage to be attached to various embodiments of a curtain assembly. In a commercial installation, this may permit custom naming and even advertising. In one embodiment, the receiving member (e.g.  304 ) and receiving channel ( 306 ) permits introduction and replacement of custom designed plates. This permits the overall appearance of the window shade to change at the will of the owner/operator. In another example, the receiving member (e.g.  310 — FIG. 3D ) defines an exterior channel and plate  312  is received by and hides structure  310  of the end horizontal element from view. Plate  312  and/or  303 C may be custom designed, colored, and include any ornamentation desired. Referring to  FIG. 3B , shown are structures that can be used in an end horizontal element  300 . An interior member  352  can be attached to a curtain  320 . An exterior member  354  can be attached to an opposite side of the curtain  320 . In some examples, an adhesive can be used to bond the members  352 - 354  to the curtain  320 . For example, adhesive tape may be applied at  356  to bond the members and curtain. Additional attachment mechanisms can be employed. In one example, rivets may be employed at  358  to attach members  352 - 354  to the curtain  320  and to each other. 
       FIG. 4  further illustrates an additional example of window shade apparatus  400 , comprising a fabric curtain  401  and an end horizontal element  402 . The end horizontal element  402  is constructed of a front metal bar  404  attached to a back metal bar  406  by rivets at  408 . The window shade apparatus  400  is configured to be installed on a roller also referred herein as a roll tube (not shown).  FIG. 5  illustrates another embodiment of a window shade apparatus  500 , comprising a curtain  502  and an end horizontal element  504  installed on a roller  506 . 
       FIG. 6A  illustrates another example of a window shade apparatus for use with tracked operation of the window shade/curtain as opposed to an installation with a roller or roll tube. Shown at  600  is one panel of an example shade apparatus. Shade apparatus  600  includes an upper fabric panel  602  a lower metal panel  604 , attachment band  606  and attachment layer  608  for connecting shade  600  to a track. In one embodiment, attachment layer  608  includes hook and loop fastener, known commercially as velcro, to attach to an opposed velcro strip installed on a track device. A side view of a shade apparatus is shown at  630 ,  FIG. 6B . Shown at  620  is an example attachment band. As shown a metal band  622  and a metal plate  624  sandwich fabric panel  626  to attach the components of the shade apparatus  630 . In some examples, rivets can be employed at  623  to attach the metal band  622 , fabric panel  626  and metal panel  624 . Typically the rivets are constructed and arranged to be flush with the metal panel and metal band  622 . At  628  an attachment layer is configured to attach the shade apparatus  630  to a track (e.g.  672 ,  FIG. 6C ) for operating the shade apparatus between open and closed positions. 
     Shown at  650 ,  FIG. 6D  is another implementation of a shade apparatus. Shade apparatus  650  is constructed of an upper fabric panel  652 , although other materials can be employed for panel  650  (e.g. plastic or other synthetic fibers can be used in place of fabric panel  652 ). Metal band  654  is constructed attach the metal panel  656  to the fabric panel  652 . The metal band  654  can be constructed of various materials of varying thickness. In one example, stainless steel can be employed of a thickness up to 0.020 inches, although other materials and dimensions can be employed. In some embodiments, variation of the thickness dimension is permitted. In some embodiments, variation can include +/−0.009 inches. In some examples, a greater variation can be used with thicker or thinner bands. Metal panel  656  can be attached to the fabric panel  652  using an adhesive at  658 . In one example, adhesive tape can be employed to fix the panels  652  and  656  in place. Additional attachment mechanisms can be employed to attach the panels  652  and  656  to each other for operation. In particular, rivets can be employed at  669  to provide for attachment of the panels. Further, rivets at  669  can be constructed to engage the metal band  654  so that panels  652  and  656  are attached to each other and the metal band  654  at  669  to provide for increased structural support. 
     Shown in  FIG. 6C  is a multi-panel shade apparatus  670 . Multi-panel shade apparatus can be comprised of individual shade apparatuses (e.g.  600 ,  FIG. 6A ) which are attached to an overhead track  672  at attachment layer  680 . The overhead track  672  can be configured to permit the panels  674 - 678  to glide over each other into a closed position  690 , wherein the apparatus  670  covers an external opening. The track  672  can also be further configured to permit the panels  674 - 678  to glide over each other to achieve an open position (not shown), wherein the external opening (e.g. sliding glass doors or windows) is no longer covered. 
     Shown in  FIG. 7A , is an example system  700  for the manufacture and assembly of window shades/curtains according to various aspects of the invention. Rollers  702  and  704  may be installed on a table or may be operatively connected to another surface. A curtain  756  ( FIG. 7B ) can be fed through the space defined between  702  and  704  and at various intervals the rollers  702 - 704  can be pressed together to fix banding to the curtain as appropriate. The curtain can be made of fabric or other material. Lifting system  700  typically holds an upper roller  704  above any surface that curtain is being passed over, and the upper roller  704  can be configured to move in the directions indicated by arrows  705  and  707  to be pressed against a lower roller  702 . The upper roller  704  can also be configured to operate within the confines of a track  715  attached to or constructed within supports  706 - 708 . Although one should appreciate that the upper roller  704  could be fixed in other embodiments, with the lower roller  702  being lifted to press the two rollers together. 
     Lifting system  700  includes rollers  702 - 704  which are attached to supports  706 - 708 . In one embodiment, lift tape  712  is used to attach upper roller  704  to a lifting bar  710 . In other examples rope, wire, or other attachment devices may be used to attach the upper roller  704  to the lifting bar  710 . In some implementations, lifting system  700  includes a lift arm and press mechanism (not shown) that permit the lifting and lowering of upper roller  704 . A lift arm can be provided to rotate lifting bar  710 . In some embodiments, rotation of the lifting bar rotates the attachment devices at  712 , thereby raising and lowering the upper roller  704 . In other embodiments, a press mechanism can be included. A press mechanism can be constructed with hydraulic devices to provide sufficient force to press metal bands to together and at the same time rivet the metal bands to either side of a curtain  756 . In another embodiment, the rollers are configured for manual operation and an operator can turn the rollers by hand as a curtain is being fed through the space between the rollers. In some examples, the rollers are linked so that the turning of one causes the same turn in the other. In other embodiments, the rollers may be used to pull the fabric across the assembly table by their operation. 
     A side view of an example assembly table is shown at  750 . Excluded from side view  750 , are supports for rollers  752  and  754 . Lower supports  780  provide a platform (e.g. a table) on which a curtain  756  (e.g. a fabric curtain) is passed between rollers  752 - 754 . At appropriate intervals, upper roller  754  is lowered to press metal bands  782  to the curtain by pressing against a lower roller  752 . In some embodiments, upper roller  754  is lowered by operation of a lifting bar  760 . Lifting bar can be configured to raise and lower upper roller  754  upon rotation through connection  761 . 
     In some embodiments, rivets are inserted into the metal bands  782  after attachment to the curtain to complete the attachment (not shown). In one example, two metal bands  782  are attached to the curtain  756  so as to form a horizontal element as discussed with respect to  FIGS. 1A-E . In some other embodiments, the metal bands are attached to the curtain using only an adhesive. The curtain and adhesive attached metal bands may be further processed to incorporate further attachment devices (e.g. rivets) or may be incorporated into finished shades/curtains directly. Rollers  784  and  786  can be configured to feed curtain  756  through the assembly table  750 . Further rollers  784  and  786  can be configured to accept the completed curtain and metal member assembly. In some example, a roller or a roll tube to be used in a curtain assembly may be used at either  784  or  786  to accept a completed curtain with attached metal bands. At  790 , shown are channel structures built into the assembly table  750 . Channels  790  are configured to assist in the proper placement of metal bands on the curtain with an appropriate spacing. The distance between  790  and the rollers can be configured based on the specific implantation details for a particular curtain assembly. 
     Shown at  770 ,  FIG. 7C , is one example of a roller seen from the side that can be incorporated as either roller shown in examples  700  and  750 . Although one should appreciate that different configurations of the roller  770  can be used. Roller  770  is shown as an example for a roller used to manufacture a curtain/shade assembly designed with 8 horizontal elements. Although the example shown can be readily used to fabricate a curtain/shade with additional or fewer horizontal elements. According to one example, rollers  702 - 704  can be readily replaced with rollers having different configurations, permitting switches between curtain styles and numbers of horizontal elements. Shown at  770 , is an example roller with channels  772 . The channels  772  define a space for inserting, typically, metal bands (e.g.  782 ,  FIG. 7B ). In one implementation, metal bands are inserted channels  772  in both upper and lower rollers, and as a curtain (e.g. a fabric curtain) is fed onto the assembly table, the rollers turn to bring the metal bands into contact with the curtain. An adhesive can be applied to the metal bands or to the curtain, and upon contact the metal bands adhere to the curtain forming the front and back face of a horizontal element as discussed above. 
     According to another aspect, a process for fabricating a curtain with metal horizontal elements is provided. The horizontal elements comprise a front metal band and a rear metal band that can be adhered to the curtain to create the horizontal element. Process  800 ,  FIG. 8 , begins with feeding the curtain material into an assembly table at  802 . One example assembly table is configured with matched rollers, that when operated pull the curtain through the assembly table and facilitate placement of the front and rear metal bands at appropriate spaces on the curtain. 
     The rollers are further configured to press the front and rear metal banding to the curtain as it is pulled through the assembly table. According to one embodiment, prior to pressing the metal banding to the curtain, the curtain is prepared for the attachment at  804 . In one embodiment, preparation of the curtain typically involves applying a heating element to the curtain. Depending on the material being used, the heating element can be used to melt the curtain material to prepare it for bonding with the metal bands. In one alternative, heating portions of the curtain insures that oils and other materials that would interfere with an adhesive bond are removed from the curtain. Heating elements can be applied to both surfaces of the curtain or in the alternative one surface of the curtain. The heated portions of the curtain can be configured to create bonding surfaces specially constructed to receive metal bands used to form horizontal elements of a curtain assembly. In some embodiments, the heating elements are applied under pressure to create a bonding surface on the curtain. In some implementations, the application of the heating elements melts the curtain material providing for the bonding surface. In other implementations, the curtain material is flattened by applying pressure and heat to provide the bonding surface. In one alternative, a bonding surface can be prepared chemically in conjunction or as a substitute for heat, using for example an acid to create a bonding surface on the curtain. In one embodiment, a bonding surface is configured to be placed on both sides of curtain to permit bonding of multiple sections of a rail to the curtain. An interior facing member of the rail can be attached at the bonding surface on one side of a curtain and an exterior facing member of the rail can be attached to the bonding surface on the other side of the curtain. 
     At  806  the metal bands are applied to the curtain over the bonding surface. In one embodiment, the metal bands form a first interior facing member and a second exterior facing member of a rail as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the metal bands are treated with an adhesive prior and/or during application. In other embodiments, the bonding surface can be treated with an adhesive and the metal bands applied. Shown in  FIG. 7 , is an example assembly system that can be used in conjunction with process  800 . One should readily appreciate that the steps of process  800  can be repeated for each metal band applied to a curtain, alternatively, multiple bands can be applied at the same time. In some embodiments, multiple bands can be applied at the same time to prepared bonding surfaces on the curtain. In some assembly systems, multiple heating elements can be employed permitting multiple bonding surfaces to be generated on the curtain at the same time. 
     The metal bands attached to the curtain can be of varying length. Typically, a front facing metal band is used for its aesthetic look and feel in conjunction with a stiff rear facing metal band that can be used to provide for stiffness in the curtain. For example, a stainless steel metal band can be applied to the back of the curtain. One example of a stainless steel band includes a commercially available full hard, RC 40-45 #3 metal band. In another example, the stainless steel metal band is provided with a width dimension of 0.020 inches+/−0.0015 inches and a height of 0.312 inches+/−0.005 inches with an overall length that depends on the dimensions of the curtain. 
     In another embodiment, the front band can be of similar and/or greater dimensions than the stiffening band. For example, the front band can be ¼ inch high, 5/16 inches high or can be constructed of a greater height dimension. In some implementations the front metal band is constructed an arranged to have an overall length greater than the width the curtain to which it is to be attached. Once the bands have been placed, the non-overlapping portion of the front metal band is wrapped around the curtain at  808 . For example, the front metal band can be folded over and around the curtain under pressure. The folded over portion of the front metal band can also be configured to hold the curtain in place. Shown, in  FIG. 9A , is an example of a curtain assembly having a plurality of rails (e.g.  900 ) made up of a front metal band  902  that can be form a first interior facing member of a rail, a folded portion  904 , and a rear metal band  906  that can form a second exterior facing member of an individual rail. 
     In  FIG. 9B , shown is a front view of an example curtain assembly  950  with a plurality of metal bands adhered. As shown, at  902  are a plurality of metal bands, and the front metal band  902  portion of a rail can be observed adhered to a curtain  908 . In  FIG. 9C , shown is a rear view of the example curtain assembly  950 . The front metal band forms a folded over portion at  904 , which can be configured to abut the rear metal band  906 . The folded over portion  904  can also be configured to fix the front metal band to the curtain  908 , by pressure exerted on the curtain by the folded over portion  904 . The pressure based attachment can be used in conjunction with or as a substitute for the adhesive based attachment. 
     In some embodiments, the length of the front metal band is configured to provide for the folded over portion of the front metal band at  904 . Further the length of the front metal band can be configured to result in the folder over portion  904  abutting the rear metal band adhered to the exterior facing side of the curtain  908 . Shown in  FIGS. 10A-C  is an example of some metal bands prior, during, and after attachment to a curtain material. Although one should appreciate that no particular order of construction is required or intended by the illustration and description of  FIGS. 10A-C . In  FIG. 10A  shown is a front metal band  1002  and back metal band  1006  constructed and arranged to provide stiffness/rigidity to the curtain once the two bands are affixed. The front metal band can form a first interior facing member and the rear metal band can form a second exterior facing member of an individual rail in a curtain assembly comprising a plurality of rails attached to a curtain. In some implementations, the front metal band can be selected for aesthetic reasons, and the back band  1006  selected to provide for the stiffness/rigidity of the curtain. However, one should appreciate that front band  1002  can contribute structural support to the curtain as well. 
     In some implementations the front metal band can be constructed and arranged of a stiff metal material such that the front metal band provides for the stiffness/rigidity in a curtain&#39;s construction. Sown in  FIG. 10B , the bands  1002  and  1006  are applied to curtain  1004 . In some implementations, the curtain  1004  is prepared using heating elements to create prepared surfaces to facilitate bonding of the bands to the curtain material. Adhesive can be applied to the prepared surfaces and/or the metal bands to attach the bands to the curtain. Various adhesives can be used, and in one example, an adhesive tape is applied to the prepared surface. 
     In some examples, bands  1002  and  1006  are bonded to curtain material  1004  using an adhesive. The bands can be treated with an adhesive, and the bands applied to prepared locations on the curtain (not shown). In other embodiments, the curtain and/or a prepared surface of the curtain is treated with an adhesive prior to and/or in conjunction with fixing the bands  1002  and  1006  to the curtain material  1004 . 
       FIG. 10C  illustrates folding of band  1002  to provide addition security of the band  1002  to the curtain material  1004 . Curved section  1008  creates pressure on curtain material  1004  that assists in holding the curtain material in place. In some embodiments, the curved sections at  1008  assist in providing rigidity to the curtain as well. In some embodiments, bands  1002  and  1006  are constructed an arranged to meet once band  1002  has been folded over. Although in some implementations spacing between the bands can be employed. In some embodiments, addition attachments can be used to attach the rear metal band to the front metal band. For example a collar or sleeve can be employed to join the rear and front metal bands. 
     Shown in  FIG. 11A  is an example of a rail  1100  configured for used in a curtain assembly. The curtain assembly can be constructed of a curtain and a plurality of rails that provide for the rigidity of the curtain in an installed position. Shown at  1102  is an interior facing member of the rail  1100 . Typically the interior facing member can be constructed of a ductile metal. In some embodiments, the metal selected can be capable of being folded over itself. In some examples, the metal selected for interior facing member can include gold, silver, copper, and aluminum and alloys of each. As shown at  1106  and  1108  the interior member has been folded over into a first and second folded section. The rail  1100  further comprises a second exterior facing member  1104 . The first interior facing member and the second exterior facing member are both attached to curtain  1110 . In some examples, the second exterior member is constructed and arranged to abut the first interior facing member at the first and second folder sections  1106 - 1108 . In some embodiments, there can be space between the second exterior member and the first and second folder sections  1106 - 1108  when installed. In some alternatives, attachment devices can be used to couple the first interior facing member and the second exterior facing member. For example, a sleeve can be fitted around the first interior facing member and the second exterior facing member, which can be, for example, compressed to attach the members. In another example, a weld or other adhesive could be employed. 
       FIG. 11B  shows a first folded portion  1108  of the interior facing member  1102  in greater detail. The first folded portion includes an interior flat portion  1152 , a rounded portion  1154 , and an exterior flat portion  1156 . The interior flat portion  1152  and the exterior flat portion  1156  are constructed to compress a curtain between the interior flat portion  1152  and the exterior flat portion  1156 . In some embodiments, the rounded portion can serve additional functions, for example, preventing the curtain assembly from catching on abutting surface during normal operation. 
     One should appreciate that the present invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangement of components set forth in the foregoing description or illustrated in the drawings. In particular, the description of rails and components using interior and exterior is intended only to designate that the structures are placed on opposite sides, and that one of skill in the art would be readily capable of reversing the positioning of the structure with respect to a curtain. The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways. Also, the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. The use of “including,” “comprising,” or “having,” “containing”, “involving”, and variations thereof herein, is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items. 
     Having thus described several aspects of at least one embodiment of this invention, it is to be appreciated various alterations, modifications, and improvements will readily occur to those skilled in the art. Such alterations, modifications, and improvements are intended to be part of this disclosure, and are intended to be within the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the foregoing description and drawings are by way of example only, and the scope of the invention should be determined from proper construction of the appended claims, and their equivalents.

Technology Classification (CPC): 4