Patent Abstract:
The axial play of a gearbox shaft ( 3 ) that meshes with a gearbox output ( 7 ) is determined by measuring the translational travel of the rotationally driven gearbox shaft ( 3 ) between the axial end stops (A 1 ; A 2 ) thereof while simultaneously blocking the gearbox output ( 7 ). The end stops define the axial play of the gearbox shaft ( 3 ). The commutator-dependent ripple of the motor current (IM) pertaining to the commutator motor which drives the gearbox shaft ( 3 ) in a drive unit ( 1; 2 ) is evaluated as the representative variable for the translational travel.

Full Description:
This is a Continuation of International Application PCT/DE99/03776, with an international filing date of Nov. 26, 1999, which was published under PCT Article 21(2) in German, and the disclosure of which is incorporated into this application by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD OF AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to a device and method for detecting the axial play of a gearbox shaft that meshes with a gearbox output, particularly a worm shaft of a gear motor actuator that meshes with a worm gear. Such actuators with a commutator motor and an adjoining worm gear are provided in particular for motor-driven closing systems, e.g. windows or sun roofs in motor vehicles. 
     Actuators of the aforementioned type, particularly in mass-produced units comprising a motor enclosure and a gear case with a continuous motor/gearbox shaft, exhibit undesirable tolerance-related axial play. This can cause end stop noises of the motor/gearbox shaft at the axial end stops on both sides as the direction of rotation is reversed. 
     To limit impermissible axial play, it is known, for instance, from EP 0 133 527 B2 to provide a spacer disk, which has a disk thickness that is based on a prior comparison between the actual, measured axial play and the desired axial play. This spacer disk is the contact part for at least one axial end face of the gearbox shaft, which merges into the motor shaft of a motor enclosure of a commutator motor that is flanged to the gear case receiving the gearbox shaft. 
     OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION 
     An object of the present invention is to detect, with little measurement complexity, the axial play of a gearbox shaft. It is another object to check the accuracy of an adjustment in cases where the gear parts or the motor drive parts have already been mounted in the gear case or the motor enclosure and their axial play has already been adjusted. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     These and other objects are attained by a device for detecting the axial play of a gearbox shaft that meshes with a gearbox output, which device includes: means for rotationally driving the gearbox shaft between axial end stops of the gearbox shaft that limit axial play of the gearbox shaft; means for blocking the gearbox output while the gearbox shaft is driven; and means for determining a translational travel of the rotationally driven gearbox shaft between the axial end stops. The objects are also achieved by a method for detecting the axial play of a gearbox shaft that meshes with a gearbox output, the method including: rotationally driving the gearbox shaft between axial end stops of the gearbox shaft that limit the axial play of the gearbox shaft; blocking movement of the gearbox output during said rotational driving of the gearbox shaft; and determining the translational travel of the rotationally driven gearbox shaft. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims. 
     Blocking, e.g. locking, the gearbox output when the gear parts or motor parts have already been mounted and the gearbox shaft is already meshing with the gearbox output causes the motor drive to displace the gearbox shaft in a translational movement while it is secured relative to the gearbox output. As a result the actual axial play can be measured and the necessary adjustment determined, or it can be checked to ensure that the adjustment has already been made. For instance, if a spacer disk failed to be inserted due to an error or, if it was inserted, was lost again during the further assembly process, particularly during greasing, this defect can be detected. 
     The translational travel representing the corresponding axial play can be particularly easily determined by evaluating, in particular counting, the periodicity associated with the segment interruption of the commutator motor, i.e. the pulses of the driving commutator motor current or motor voltage characteristic, which has a corresponding ripple. 
     Determining the position of a part that is operationally displaced by a worm gear/commutator motor drive unit and is moved translationally or rotationally via the worm shaft and the worm gear meshing therewith by analyzing the commutation-dependent ripple of the motor current is known per se, for instance, from DE 41 38 194 A1. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The invention as well as further advantageous embodiments of the invention set forth in the dependent claims will now be described in greater detail, by way of example, with reference to schematic embodiments depicted in the drawing in which: 
     FIG. 1 shows the motor current characteristic as a function of time with a high commutator-dependent ripple pulse number corresponding to an overly large axial play between the end stops of the gearbox shaft; 
     FIG. 2 shows the motor current characteristic as a function of time with a low commutator-dependent ripple pulse number corresponding to a specified axial play between the end stops of the gearbox shaft; and 
     FIG. 3 shows an arrangement for adjusting the axial play of a gearbox shaft of a worm gear/commutator motor drive unit by means of a spacer disk having a disk thickness defined in each individual case on the basis of a comparison between the actual axial play and the specified axial play, with, according to the invention, a brake provided for blocking movement of the gearbox output and an evaluation device for determining the axial play. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The window lifter gear motor for a motor vehicle depicted in FIG. 3 basically includes a half-shell type gear case part  2  and a commutator motor, with a rolled cylindrical motor enclosure part  1 , flanged onto the left side thereof. A gearbox shaft  3 , as an extension of the rotor shaft of the commutator motor, protrudes into the half-shell type gear case part  2 . On its motor-side end, this gearbox shaft  3  receives a rotor  9  and a commutator  10 , which is contacted by a brush system  11 . On its right free shaft end, the gearbox shaft  3  has a worm  6 , which operationally meshes with a gearbox output  7  in the form of a worm gear. The worm gear in turn can be coupled to further driving means (not depicted), such as a cable sheave of a cable-operated window lifter. The right free shaft end of the gearbox shaft  3  is supported in the gear case part  2  in a cup-and-ball bearing  13 . In addition, the right free shaft end is secured by a supporting bearing  8  against unallowable radial deflections arising due to the worm gear. 
     All the gear components can be inserted into the half-shell type gear case part  2  according to the “violin case principle.” Gear case part  2  can then be finally sealed by an additional gear case part, particularly a gear case cover (not depicted). Similarly, a spacer disk  4 , which is provided to limit or adjust a defined axial play, can, e.g. in a preassembly, be inserted into gear case part  2  between the axial shaft end of gearbox shaft  3  and the opposite gear case part  2 . 
     The invention provides a particularly advantageous option to determine the axial play, or to identify the measures necessary to achieve a desired, predefined axial play—such as, in particular, a spacer disk  4  to be inserted between the shaft end of the gearbox shaft  3  and the axially opposite gear case part  2 . First, the gearbox output  7 , in this embodiment the cable sheave, is blocked by a brake B indicated in FIG. 3. A current, preferably a constant current is then applied to the commutator motor, such that the gearbox shaft  3  is axially moved to its one end stop, while the gear teeth of its worm  6  are simultaneously held, or roll off, along the meshing opposite gear teeth of the gearbox output  7 . The current direction is then reversed and gearbox shaft  3 , with gearbox output  7  still blocked, is axially moved to its other end stop. 
     The dips in the time/current characteristic IM=f(t) shown in FIG.  1  and FIG. 2, which are due to the lamella junctions of the commutator, are counted in an evaluation device ED shown in FIG.  3 —e.g. according to the method described in DE 41 38 194 A1, which reference is incorporated into the present application by reference. The dips are, if applicable, pulse-amplified—and are processed into a control variable representing the axial play. Counting can be effected with respect to the low signals or the high signals, as well as by using a combination thereof. 
     FIG. 1 shows the ripple of motor current IM between a first end stop A 1 , which is represented by a first lamella junction jump in the current characteristic by a low signal after a starting current pulse at the instant of the start of a rotation of gearbox shaft  3 , and a second end stop A 2 , which is characterized by a low signal when gearbox shaft  3  subsequently comes to a stop after having traveled through the axial play path and the end of the ripple of motor current IM associated therewith. 
     According to one preferred embodiment of the invention, the inventive detection of the axial play is used also to monitor proper assembly of, for instance, a gear motor actuator that is provided with a spacer disk  4 , known from EP 0 133 527 B2. This is accomplished by comparing, prior to final mounting of a gear case cover to seal an otherwise fully assembled unit  2 ;  3 , the actual translational travel and a setpoint travel corresponding to a predefined axial play. This allows a determination of whether in the prior production process, particularly when gear grease was added, the pre-mounted spacer disk  4  was, e.g., inadvertently lost. 
     FIG. 2 shows, by way of example, a ripple profile of a test piece in which the axial play has been adjusted to be within permissible tolerances, by means of a correspondingly dimensioned spacer disk  4 . FIG. 1 shows the same test piece without the spacer disk. By comparing the two diagrams it may be seen that between the two end stops A 1 , A 2 , which correspond to the start of a ripple with the beginning rotation of gearbox shaft  3  and the end of a ripple with the completed rotation of gearbox shaft  3 , the different number of ripple pulses, as compared between FIG.  1  and FIG. 2, indicates a different translational travel of gearbox shaft  3  relative to the fixed gearbox output  7 . In particular, this translational travel is larger if the spacer is incorrectly absent. 
     This counting is advantageously independent of the rotational speed of the gearbox shaft, since this speed affects only the density of the counting pulses over time. Testing is advantageously carried out at a constant current to enable a simple calculation of the travel by comparing the counting pulses according to FIG. 1 on the one hand and FIG. 2 on the other hand. 
     The above description of the preferred embodiments has been given by way of example. From the disclosure given, those skilled in the art will not only understand the present invention and its attendant advantages, but will also find apparent various changes and modifications to the structures and methods disclosed. It is sought, therefore, to cover all such changes and modifications as fall within the spirit and scope of the invention, as defined by the appended claims, and equivalents thereof.

Technology Classification (CPC): 4