Patent Abstract:
An apparatus for controlling an open amount of a plurality of air transfer grilles which are installed in a room, includes a determining unit for determining first target amounts of blowing to each of the racks, for determining second target amounts of blowing from each of the air transfer grilles on the basis of the first target amounts so that each of air of the first target amounts are blown to each of the racks, and for determining open amounts for each of the air transfer grilles on the basis of the plurality of second target amounts so that each of the amounts of blowing from each of the grilles becomes each of the second target amounts, and a controller for controlling each of the open amounts of the air transfer grilles on the basis of the each of the determined open amounts.

Full Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
       [0001]    This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority of the prior Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-123524, filed on May 21, 2009, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
       FIELD 
       [0002]    The embodiments discussed herein are related to an apparatus and method for controlling an open amount of a plurality of air transfer grilles. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    Data centers may be configured to supply cold air to server racks bearing information technology (IT) devices from the under floor space through air transfer grilles (grilles) have been used. In the above-described data center, there has been a tendency for the calorific value of each of the server racks to increase with an increase in the heat generation density of the IT devices borne on the server racks. Consequently, a hotspot or the like occurs due to the infiltration of exhaust from the IT devices. 
         [0004]    Here, the air flows that are observed in the data center will be described with reference to  FIG. 17 . As shown in  FIG. 17 , the air flows that are observed in the data center include the flow of air that is blown out from an air conditioner and that is sucked into the rack (see I shown in  FIG. 17 ), the flow of air that is blown out from the air conditioner and that is sucked into the air conditioner (see II shown in  FIG. 17 ), the flow of air that is discharged from the rack and that is sucked into the air conditioner (see III shown in  FIG. 17 ), and the flow of air that is discharged from the rack and that is sucked into the rack (see IV shown in  FIG. 17 ). 
         [0005]    When a large volume of air is exhausted from the rack and is passed to a path leading to the rack so that the air is sucked into the rack  21 , the hotspot occurs due to the infiltration of exhaust from the IT devices. The method of reducing the temperature of air sent from an air conditioner and/or the method of adding facilities to the data center have been available as the method of reducing the above-described hotspot (see Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2008-185271, Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2006-046671, and Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2002-6992). For example, the method of adding an air conditioning system to reduce the temperature of air sent from an air conditioner to reduce the temperature of the entire room and/or the method of adding a partition to the side part of a row of racks and/or the upper part of the rack has been used to reduce the hotspot occurring due to the exhaust infiltration. 
         [0006]    Incidentally, since the above-described method of reducing the temperature of the air sent from the air conditioner and/or the above-described method of adding the facility to the data center allows for reducing the air temperature, a large amount of power is consumed. Further, since providing the additional facilities costs money, it has been difficult to cool the racks with efficiency. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0007]    According to an aspect of the embodiments, an apparatus for controlling an open amount of a plurality of air transfer grilles which are installed in a room, each of the air transfer grilles blowing air cooled by an air conditioner, the room accommodating a plurality of computers, each of the computers having a inlet and controlling the amount of intake air on the basis of an internal temperature of each of the computers, the apparatus includes, a memory for storing first information including a plurality of relations, each of the relations being relation between one of the air transfer grilles and at least one of the computers inhaling air from the one grille;
       an obtaining unit for obtaining second information corresponding to an amount of intake air of each of the computers, a determining unit for determining a plurality of first target amounts of blowing to each of the computers on the basis of the second information, for determining a plurality of second target amount of blowing from each of the air transfer grilles on the basis of the plurality of first target amounts and the first information stored in the memory so that each of air of the first target amounts are blown to each of the computer, and for determining a plurality of open amounts of the plurality of each of the air transfer grilles on the basis of the plurality of second target amounts so that each of the amounts of blowing from each of the grilles becomes each of the second target amounts, a controller for controlling each of the open amount on the basis of the each of the determined open amounts.       
 
         [0009]    The object and advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the claims. It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         [0010]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram showing the configuration of an open amount controlling apparatus according to a first embodiment. 
           [0011]      FIG. 2  is a block diagram showing the configuration of an open amount controlling apparatus according to a second embodiment. 
           [0012]      FIG. 3  shows an exemplary arrangement of racks  21  and grilles  23 . 
           [0013]      FIG. 4  shows the positional relationship of racks  21  and grilles  23 . 
           [0014]      FIG. 5  also shows the positional relationship of racks  21  and grilles  23 . 
           [0015]      FIG. 6  also shows the positional relationship of racks  21  and grilles  23 . 
           [0016]      FIG. 7  shows the grille volume determined by exemplary calculation. 
           [0017]      FIG. 8  shows an exemplary target air volume of each grille  23 . 
           [0018]      FIG. 9A and 9B  show that a simulation are repeated at each change in the grille aperture ratio to cause the simulation air volume to approach the target grille volume. 
           [0019]      FIG. 10  is a flowchart illustrating all of processing procedures performed through the open amount controlling apparatus according to the second embodiment. 
           [0020]      FIG. 11  is a flowchart illustrating target grille-calculating processing procedures performed through the open amount controlling apparatus according to the second embodiment. 
           [0021]      FIG. 12  is a flowchart illustrating target-grille volume-achievement-determination processing performed through the open amount controlling apparatus according to the second embodiment. 
           [0022]      FIG. 13  shows the rack  21  temperature obtained when the grille aperture ratios is not improved. 
           [0023]      FIG. 14  shows the rack  21  temperature obtained when the grille aperture ratios is improved. 
           [0024]      FIG. 15  shows a comparison of the rack  21  intake air temperature obtained when the grille aperture ratio is improved and that obtained when the grille aperture ratio is not improved. 
           [0025]      FIG. 16  shows a computer executing a grille aperture ratio-calculating program. 
           [0026]      FIG. 17  shows the air flow observed in an air conditioning system. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
       [0027]    Hereinafter, an open amount controlling apparatus, a grille aperture ratio-calculating method, and a grille aperture ratio-calculating program according to each embodiment will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. 
       First Embodiment 
       [0028]    In each of the following embodiments, the configuration and processing of an open amount controlling apparatus  1  according to a first embodiment will be described and the advantages of the first embodiment will be described at the end. 
         [0029]    First, the configuration of the open amount controlling apparatus  1  according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to a block diagram shown in  FIG. 1 . 
         [0030]    The open amount controlling apparatus  1  according to the first embodiment calculates the aperture ratio of a grille provided to supply cooling air to cool racks  21 . Particularly, the open amount controlling apparatus  1  includes a target-grille air volume-calculating unit  2 , a simulation unit  3 , and a grille aperture ratio-calculating unit  4 . 
         [0031]    The target-grille air volume-calculating unit  2  calculates information about the target grille air volume appropriate to cool the racks  21  regarding cooling air which is sent through a grille to cool the racks  21 . 
         [0032]    The simulation unit  3  sets a specified grille aperture ratio, performs a simulation based on the specified grille aperture ratio, and calculates the simulation-grille air volume information indicating the volume of air sent from the grille to the rack  21  as the simulation result. 
         [0033]    The grille aperture ratio-calculating unit  4  calculates the target grille aperture ratio based on the difference between the target-grille air volume information calculated through the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  2  and the simulation-grille air volume information calculated through the simulation unit  3 . 
         [0034]    Thus, the grille aperture ratio-calculating unit  1  calculates the target-grille air volume information indicating the air volume which is appropriate to cool the racks  21  regarding the cooling air which is sent through the grille to cool the racks  21 . Further, the open amount controlling apparatus  1  sets the specified grille aperture ratio, performs the simulation based on the specified grille aperture ratio information, and calculates the simulation-grille air volume information indicating the volume of air sent from the grille to the racks  21  as the simulation result. Then, the open amount controlling apparatus  1  calculates the target grille aperture ratio based on the difference between the target-grille air volume information and the simulation-grille air volume information. 
         [0035]    Therefore, the open amount controlling apparatus  1  calculates the appropriate grille aperture ratio and performs the layout optimization by adjusting the grille arrangement, the grille aperture ratio, etc. so that the cooling air is appropriately sent to the racks  21 . Consequently, the racks  21  can be cooled with efficiency. 
       Second Embodiment 
       [0036]    Hereinafter, the configuration and processing flow of an open amount controlling apparatus  10  according to a second embodiment will be described in sequence and the advantages of the second embodiment will be described at the end. Further, in the following second embodiment, the target grille volumes indicating the air volume which is appropriate to cool the racks  21  is calculated for each grille  23  in a data center having under floor space provided to supply cooling air from an air conditioner  22  to racks  21 , for example. 
         [0037]    [The Configuration of the Open Amount Controlling Apparatus] 
         [0038]    First, the configuration of the open amount controlling apparatus  10  will be described with reference to a block diagram shown in  FIG. 2 . As shown in  FIG. 2 , the above-described open amount controlling apparatus  10  includes an input unit  11 , an output unit  12 , a control unit  13 , and a storage unit  14 . Hereinafter, the processing performed through each of the above-described units will be described. 
         [0039]    The input unit  11  is provided to transmit the rack  21  arrangement information, the grille  23  arrangement information, information about the air volume of each rack  21 , information about the calorific value of each rack  21 , information about the gross air volume of the racks  21 , information about the gross calorific value of the racks  21 , information about the gross air volume of the air conditioners  22 , etc, and includes a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, and so forth. Further, the output unit  12  externally transmits information about the grille aperture ratio. 
         [0040]    The storage unit  14  stores data and/or programs used to execute various types of processing through the control unit  13 , and particularly includes an initial-grille aperture ratio-storage unit  14   a  configured to store information about a specified grille aperture ratio used to perform the first simulation as the initial value. 
         [0041]    The control unit  13  includes an internal memory provided to store programs specifying various types of processing procedures and appropriate data. The control unit  13  performs various types of processing based on the above-described appropriate data and programs, and particularly includes a target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a,  a simulation unit  13   b,  an air volume-determining unit  13   c,  a set-grille aperture ratio-calculating unit  13   d,  and a grille aperture ratio-calculating unit  13   e.    
         [0042]    The target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  calculates the target grille volume which is appropriate to cool the racks  21  regarding the cooling air which is sent through the grille  23  to cool the racks  21 . More specifically, the input unit  11  transmits the rack  21  arrangement information, the grille  23  arrangement information, the air volume information of each rack  21 , the calorific value information of each rack  21 , the gross air volume information of the racks  21 , the gross calorific value information of the racks  21  (and/or the gross air volume information of the air conditioners  22 ), etc. to the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a.  Then, the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  calculates the target grille volume based on the transmitted information. 
         [0043]    Here, processing performed to calculate the target grille volume will be specifically described with reference to  FIGS. 3 ,  4 ,  5 ,  6 ,  7 , and  8 . First, the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  calculates the number of racks  21  to which each of the grilles  23  corresponds. For example, the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  determines the rack coordinates a[j, l] indicating the coordinates of a rack  21 , the grille coordinates b[i, l] indicating the coordinates of a grille  23 , and the rack volume x[i, l] indicating the air volume of each of the racks  21 . 
         [0044]    For example, in the case where an exemplary data center shown in  FIG. 3  is used, the coordinates a[ 1 , l], a[ 2 , l], a[ 3 , l], etc. are set as the rack coordinates indicating the coordinates of a row of racks  21 . Further, the coordinates b[ 1 , l], b[ 2 , l], b[ 3 , l] . . . , b[ 6 , l] are set as the grille coordinates indicating the coordinates of a row of grilles  23 .  FIG. 3  shows an exemplary arrangement of racks  21  and that of grilles  23 . Here,  FIG. 3  is a top view of a data center where cooling air sent from an air conditioner  22  flows from the under floor space and passes through the grilles  23  so that the cooling air is supplied to the racks  21 . 
         [0045]    Then, the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  calculates the number “k” of at least a single set of the rack coordinates a[j, l] shown between the grille coordinates b[i, l] and b[i+1, l] that are determined in regard to the value “i” for each of the grilles  23 . 
         [0046]    Here, the positional relationship of the racks  21  and the grilles  23  will be described with reference to  FIGS. 4 ,  5 , and  6 . When the equation “k”=“0” holds, as shown in  FIG. 4 , there is not any set of the rack coordinates between the grille coordinates b[i, l] and b[i+1, l]. Further, when the equation “k”=“1” holds, there is a single set of the rack coordinates between the grille coordinates b[i, l] and b[i+1, l]. 
         [0047]    In an example shown in  FIG. 5 , there are at least two sets of the rack coordinates between the grille coordinates of both ends of a grille  23  B[ 0 ,  1 ] so that the inequality “k”≧“2” holds. Further, since there is a single set of the rack coordinates between the grille coordinates of both ends of a grille  23  B[ 1 ,  1 ], the equality “k”=“1” holds. Further, there are at least two sets of the rack coordinates between the grille coordinates of both ends of a grille  23  B[ 2 ,  1 ] so that the inequality “k”≧“2” holds. 
         [0048]    Likewise, in an example shown in  FIG. 6 , there is a single set of the rack coordinates between the grille coordinates of both ends of each of grilles  23  B[ 0 ,  1 ], B[ 1 ,  1 ], B[ 3 ,  1 ], B[ 4 ,  1 ], and B[ 6 ,  1 ] so that the equality “k”=“1” holds. Further, since there is not any set of the rack coordinates between the grille coordinates of both ends of each of grilles  23  B[ 2 ,  1 ] and B[ 5 ,  1 ], the equality “k”=“0” holds. 
         [0049]    Here, the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  selects a calculation formula appropriate to calculate the target grille  23  based on the value of “k” and performs the target grille  23  calculation processing. For example, when the value of “k” is “0”, the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  calculates the target grille volume y[j, l] according to the following expression (1). 
         [0000]        y[j,l]={ ( b[j+ 1, l]−b[j,l ])/( a [SUP+1, l]−a [INF, l ])}*( Tc/Tr )* x[i,l]   (1) 
         [0050]    Namely, the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  calculates the target grille volume y[j, l] based on the ratio between the grille  23  width observed between the grille coordinates (the grille coordinates b[i, l] and b[i+1, l] in  FIG. 4 ) and the rack  21  width observed between the rack coordinates of both ends (the rack coordinates a[INF, l] and a[SUP, l] in  FIG. 4 ). Here, the sign “Tc” indicates information about the gross air volume of the air conditioners  22  and the sign “Tr” indicates information about the gross air volume of the racks  21 . 
         [0051]    Here, the above-described configurations will be specifically described based on an example shown in  FIG. 7 . The method of calculating the target volume air of a grille  23  having the grille coordinates b[ 6 ,  0 ] and b[ 5 ,  0 ] of both ends, where the value of “k” is “0”, will be described.  FIG. 7  is provided to illustrate the grille volume determined by exemplary calculation. As shown in  FIG. 7 , the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  calculates the ratio between the rack  21  width “0.6 m” shown between the rack coordinates a[ 4 ,  0 ] and a[ 3 ,  0 ] and the grille  23  width “0.4 m” shown between the grille coordinates b[ 6 ,  0 ] and b[ 5 ,  0 ]. 
         [0052]    Further, the ratio between the gross rack—air volume “130.32 m 3 /min” and the gross air conditioner—air volume “200 m m 3 /min” is calculated. The values of the above-described ratios are multiplied by the rack volume “10.86 m 3 /min” so that the target grille volume “10.60 m 3 /min” is calculated. 
         [0053]    Further, when the value of “k” is “1”, the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  calculates the target grille volume y[j, l] according to the following expression (2). Here, the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  searches for the rack coordinates matching the condition of the rack coordinates shown between the grille coordinates of both ends, which is shown as “b[i, l]&lt;a[t, l]&lt;b[i+1, l]”. When the value of “k” is “1”, the constant t has a single value and the equation MID=t holds 
         [0000]        y[j,l ]={( a [MID, l]−b[j,l ])/( a [MID, l]−a [MID−1 ,l ])}*( Tc/Tr )* x [MID−1 ,l ]+{( a [MID, l]−b[j+ 1 ,l ])/( a [MID+1, l]−a [MID, l ])}*( Tc/Tr )* x [MID, l]   (2) 
         [0054]    Namely, the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  calculates the ratio between the rack  21  width and the grille  23  width for each of the two racks  21  corresponding to the rack coordinates (the rack coordinates a[MID, l] in  FIG. 4 ) shown between the grille coordinates of both ends (the grille coordinates b[i, l] and b[i+1, l] in  FIG. 4 ), and calculates the target grille volume y[j, l] based on the sum total of the ratios. 
         [0055]    Here, the above-described configurations will be specifically described based on the example shown in  FIG. 7 . The method of calculating the target air volume of a grille  23  having the grille coordinates b[ 4 ,  0 ] and b[ 5 ,  0 ] of both ends, where the value of “k” is “1”, will be described. As shown in  FIG. 7 , the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  calculates the ratio between the rack  21  width and the grille  23  width for each of the two racks  21  corresponding to the rack coordinates a[ 3 ,  0 ] shown between the grille coordinates b[ 4 ,  0 ] and b[ 5 ,  0 ] of both ends. The ratios are shown as “0.2 m/0.6 m” and “0.2/0.6 m”, respectively. 
         [0056]    Then, the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  multiplies the ratio “0.2 m/0.6 m” by the ratio between the gross rack volume 130.32 m 3 /min and the gross air conditioner—air volume 200 m 3 /min, and the rack volume “10.86 m3/min”. Further, the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  multiplies the ratio “0.2 m/0.6 m” by the ratio between the gross rack volume “130.32 m3/min ” and the gross air conditioner—air volume 200 m3/min, and the rack volume “21.72 m3/min”. Then, the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  sums the values obtained through the multiplications to calculate the target grille volume “16.39 m3/min”. 
         [0057]    Further, when the value of “k” is “2” or more, the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  calculates the target grille volume y[j, l] according to the following expression (3). Here, the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  searches for the rack coordinates matching the condition of the rack coordinates shown between the grille coordinates of both ends, which is shown as “b[i, l]&lt;a[t, l]&lt;b[i+1, l]”. When the value of “k” is “2” or more, the constant t has two values. In that case, the maximum value of the constant t is indicated by the sign “MAX” and the minimum value of the constant t is indicated by the sign “MIN”. 
         [0000]        y[j,l]={{|a [MIN, l]−b[j,l ]|/( a [MIN, l]−a [MIN−1 , l ])}* x [MIN−1 ,l]+ . . . x [MIN, l]+ . . . +x [MAX−1, l]+ . . . +{|a [MAX, l]−b[j+ 1 ,l ]|/( a [MAX+1 ,l]−a [MAX, l ])}* x [MAX, l ]}*( Tc/Tr )  (3) 
         [0058]    Namely, according to the example shown in  FIG. 4 , the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  determines the minimum rack coordinates a[MIN, l] and the maximum rack coordinates a[MAX, l] that are shown between the grille coordinates b[i, l] and b[i+1, l] of both ends. Then, the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  multiplies the ratio between the rack  21  width corresponding to the minimum rack coordinates a[MIN, l] and the coordinates a[MIN−1, l] adjacent thereto, and a width observed between the grille coordinates b[i, l] and the rack coordinates a[MIN, l] by the rack volume x[MIN−1, l]. 
         [0059]    Then, the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  multiplies the ratio between the rack  21  width corresponding to the maximum rack coordinates a[MAX, l] and the coordinates a[MAX+1, l] adjacent thereto, and a width observed between the grille coordinates b[i+1, l] and the rack coordinates a[MAX, l] by the rack volume x[MAX, l]. Then, the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  sums the two values obtained through the multiplications and the rack volume x[MAX, l]˜ the rack volume x[MAX−1, l]. Then, the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  multiplies the result of the above-described sum by Tc/Tr to calculate the target grille volume y[j, l]. 
         [0060]    Thus, as shown in  FIG. 8 , the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  calculates and sets the target grille volume for each of the grilles  23 .  FIG. 8  shows an exemplary target air volume of each of the grilles  23 . Further,  FIG. 8  is a top view of a data center where cooling air sent from an air conditioner  22  flows from the under floor space and passes through the grilles  23  so that the cooling air is supplied to the racks  21 . 
         [0061]    The simulation unit  13   b  sets a specified grille aperture ratio, performs a simulation based on the specified grille aperture ratio information, and calculates the simulation air volume indicating the volume of air sent from the grille  23  to the racks  21 , as a result of the simulation. Further, the simulation unit  13   b  performs the simulation again based on the grille aperture ratio calculated through the set-grille aperture ratio-calculating unit  13   d  that will be described later, and calculates the simulation air volume indicating the volume of air passing through the grille  23 , as a result of the simulation. 
         [0062]    More specifically, the simulation unit  13   b  sets the grille aperture ratio, where data of the above-described grille aperture ratio is stored in the initial-grille aperture ratio-storage unit  14   a,  as the initial value, performs a simulation, and calculates the grille volume as the simulation result. Then, the simulation unit  13   b  calculates the pressure loss ΔP based on the grille volume obtained as the simulation result according to the following expression (4). 
         [0000]      Δ P[j,l]={r*K ( O[j,l ])*( y[j,l ]/( S*O[j,l ]))̂2}/2  (4) 
         [0063]    Here, the sign “O[j, l]” denotes the grille aperture ratio obtained when the air volume y[j, l] is attained through the grille  23  B[j, l]. The sign “r” denotes the air density, the sign “S” denotes the grille  23  area, and the sign K(O) denotes a resistance coefficient determined based on the grille aperture ratio O. When a perforated plate is used, the resistance coefficient is calculated according to the following expression (5). 
         [0000]        K ( x )=(1 x̂ 2)*{0.707*(1 −x )̂0.375+1− x }̂2  (5) 
         [0064]    Upon receiving information about the grille aperture ratio O used to perform the next simulation, the information being transmitted from the set-grille aperture ratio-calculating unit  13   d,  the simulation unit  13   b  performs the simulation again based on the transmitted grille aperture ratio information. 
         [0065]    The air volume-determining unit  13   c  determines whether or not the value of the difference between the target grille volume and the calculated simulation air volume is greater than or equal to a specified threshold value. More specifically, the air volume-determining unit  13   c  compares the target grille volume calculated through the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  and the simulation air volume calculated through the simulation unit  13   b,  and determines whether or not the value of the difference between the simulation air volume and the target grille volume is greater than or equal to the specified threshold value. 
         [0066]    For example, as processing performed to determine whether or not the value of the difference between the simulation air volume and the target grille volume is greater than or equal to the specified threshold value, the air volume-determining unit  13   c  calculates the average of differences between the target grille volume and the simulation air volume according to the following expression (6), and determines whether or not the calculated value is greater than or equal to the specified threshold value. 
         [0000]      Σ j,l&lt;|y[j,l]−y{tilde over ( )}[j,l ]|/{( y[j,l]+y{tilde over ( )}[j,l] )/2}&gt;/{( n− 1)*( L− 1)}  (6) 
         [0067]    When the result of the above-described determination shows that the value of the difference between the target grille volume and the simulation air volume is greater than or equal to the specified threshold value, the air volume-determining unit  13   c  notifies the set-grille aperture ratio-calculating unit  13   d  that the simulation shall be performed again. Further, when the result of the above-described determination shows that the value of the difference between the target grille volume and the simulation air volume is smaller than the threshold value, the air volume-determining unit  13   c  notifies the grille aperture ratio-calculating unit  13   e  that the grille aperture ratio information shall be calculated. 
         [0068]    When it is determined that the value of the difference between the target grille volume and the simulation air volume is greater than or equal to the specified threshold value, the set-grille aperture ratio-calculating unit  13   d  calculates the grille aperture ratio information set for the next simulation based on the target-grille volume information and the simulation air volume information. Namely, upon receiving the notification that the simulation shall be performed again, the notification being transmitted from the air volume-determining unit  13   c,  the set-grille aperture ratio-calculating unit  13   d  calculates the grille aperture ratio O used to perform the next simulation according to the following expression (7), and notifies the simulation unit  13   b  of the calculation result. More specifically, the set-grille aperture ratio-calculating unit  13   d  substitutes the grille aperture ratio information set through the simulation, the simulation air volume information indicating the simulation result, and the target grille air volume into the expression (7) to calculate the grille aperture ratio information set for the next simulation. Here, the sign “O[j, l]” denotes the grille aperture ratio obtained when the air volume y[j, l] is attained through the grille  23  B[j, l], and the air volume y˜[j, l] indicates the target grille volume, and the sign “O˜[j, l]” indicates the grille aperture ratio set for the next simulation. 
         [0000]      { r*K ( O[j,l ])*( y[j,l ]/( S*O[j,l ]))̂2}/2={ r*K ( O{tilde over ( )}[j,l] )*( y{tilde over ( )}[j,l ]/( S*O{tilde over ( )}[j,l] ))̂2}/2  (7) 
         [0069]    Namely, the set-grille aperture ratio-calculating unit  13   d  calculates the grille aperture ratio appropriate to achieve the target grille volume according to a calculation formula including the variables corresponding to the simulation air volume, the target grille volume, and the current grille aperture ratio. 
         [0070]    Here, according to processing described in  FIG. 9A and 9B , a simulation is repeated to cause the simulation air volume to approach the target grille volume. Namely,  FIG. 9A and 9B  show that the grille aperture ratio is changed and the simulation is repeated to cause the simulation air volume to approach the target grille volume. As shown in  FIG. 9A and 9B , the simulation unit  13   b  sets the initial value of the grille aperture ratio (the grille aperture ratio stands at 55.3% in  FIG. 9 ), where the data of the initial value is stored in the initial-grille aperture ratio-storage unit  14   a , and performs the first simulation. 
         [0071]    Then, the simulation unit  13   b  calculates the simulation air volume (shown as the simulation value in  FIG. 9A and 9B ) as the simulation result. For example, the simulation unit  13   b  determines the simulation air volume of a grille  23  E 7  to be “8.76 m3/min” by calculation. 
         [0072]    Next, the set-grille aperture ratio-calculating unit  13   d  substitutes the simulation air volume, the target grille volume, and the current grille aperture ratio into the above-described expression (7) to calculate the grille aperture ratio used to perform the next simulation. For example, the set-grille aperture ratio-calculating unit  13   d  determines the grille aperture ratio used to perform the next simulation of the grille  23  E 7  to be “0.65” by calculation. 
         [0073]    The grille aperture ratio-calculating unit  13   e  calculates the target grille aperture ratio based on the difference between the target-grille volume information and the simulation-air volume information. More specifically, upon receiving an instruction to calculate the grille aperture ratio information, the instruction being transmitted from the air volume-determining unit  13   c,  the grille aperture ratio-calculating unit  13   e  externally transmits the grille aperture ratio information set for the simulation as the target aperture ratio information. 
         [0074]    After that, the simulation unit  13   b  optimizes the grille aperture ratio by repeating the simulation to cause the simulation air volume to approach the target grille volume. As indicated by the graphs shown in the lower part of  FIG. 9 , the simulation air volume approaches the target grille volume as the simulation is repeated. 
         [0075]    Then, when the value of the difference between the target grille volume and the simulation air volume becomes smaller than the threshold value during the fourth simulation, the grille aperture ratio-calculating unit  13   e  externally transmits data of the grille aperture ratio used for the fourth simulation as data of the target aperture ratio. For example, the grille aperture ratio-calculating unit  13   e  externally transmits data shown as “0.74” as the target aperture ratio of the grille  23  E 7 . 
         [0076]    [Processing Performed Through the Open Amount Controlling Apparatus] 
         [0077]    Next, processing performed through the open amount controlling apparatus  10  according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to  FIGS. 10 ,  11 , and  12 .  FIG. 10  is a flowchart illustrating all of processing procedures performed through the open amount controlling apparatus according to the second embodiment.  FIG. 11  is a flowchart illustrating the target grille-calculating processing procedures performed through the open amount controlling apparatus according to the second embodiment.  FIG. 12  is a flowchart illustrating the target-grille volume-achievement-determination processing procedures performed through the open amount controlling apparatus according to the second embodiment. 
         [0078]    As shown in  FIG. 10 , the open amount controlling apparatus  10  transmits information about, for example, the heat quantity of a rack  21  (operation S 101 ) and calculates the target grille volume indicating the air volume appropriate to cool the racks  21  regarding cooling air sent through the grille  23  to cool the racks  21  (operation S 102 ), which will be described later with reference to  FIG. 11 . 
         [0079]    Then, the open amount controlling apparatus  10  sets the grille aperture ratio, where data of the grille aperture ratio is stored in the initial grille aperture ratio-storage unit  14   a,  as the initial value (operation S 103 ), and performs a simulation (operation S 104 ). Then, the open amount controlling apparatus  10  performs the target-grille volume-achievement-determination processing (operation S 105 ) to determine whether or not the value of the difference between the simulation air volume obtained as the simulation result and the target grille volume is greater than or equal to the specified threshold value, which will be described later with reference  FIG. 12 , and determines whether or not the simulation processing may be finished (operation S 106 ). 
         [0080]    When it is determined, as a consequence, that the value of the difference between the simulation air volume and the target grille volume is smaller than the specified threshold value and the simulation processing may be continued (No at operation S 106 ), the open amount controlling apparatus  10  calculates the grille aperture ratio appropriate to achieve the target grille volume according to a calculation formula including the simulation air volume, the target grille volume, and the current grille aperture ratio as variables (operation S 107 ). Then, the open amount controlling apparatus  10  performs the simulation again based on the calculated grille aperture ratio (operation S 104 ). 
         [0081]    Further, when it is determined that the value of the difference between the simulation air volume obtained as the simulation result and the target grille volume is greater than or equal to the specified threshold value and the simulation processing may be finished (Yes at operation S 106 ), the open amount controlling apparatus  10  externally transmits the grille aperture ratio information used to perform the simulation as the target-aperture ratio information (operation S 108 ). 
         [0082]    Then, the target grille - calculation processing performed through the open amount controlling apparatus  10  will be described with reference to  FIG. 11 . As shown in  FIG. 11 , the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  of the open amount controlling apparatus  10  transmits information about the rack coordinates, the grille coordinates, and the rack volume (operation S 201 ) and determines that the equations i=0 and k=0 hold, as the initialization processing (operation S 202 ). 
         [0083]    Then, the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  determines whether or not the value “i” is smaller than or equal to the value “m−2” obtained by subtracting “2” from the total number of racks  21 , which is indicated by the sign “m” (operation S 203 ). Namely, when the value “i” is greater than the value “m−2” (No at operation S 203 ), the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  determines that the number “k” is calculated for each of the grilles  23  and terminates the processing. 
         [0084]    Further, when the value “i” is smaller than the value “m−2”, the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  determines that the equations LOW =b[i, l] and HIGH=b[i+1, l] hold (operation S 204 ), and determines that the equation j=0 holds (operation S 205 ). Then, the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  determines whether or not the value “j” is smaller than or equal to the value “n−2” obtained by subtracting “2” from the total number of grilles  23 , which is indicated by the sign “n” (operation S 206 ). 
         [0085]    When the result of the above-described determination shows that the value “j” is smaller than or equal to the value “n−2” (Yes at operation S 206 ), the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  determines whether or not the inequality LOW≦a[j, l]≦HIGH holds (operation S 207 ). Namely, the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  determines whether or not the rack coordinates a[j, l] fall within the range of the equation LOW=b[i, l] to the equation HIGH=b[i+1, l]. 
         [0086]    When the result of the above-described determination shows that the inequality LOW≦a[j, l]≦HIGH holds (Yes at operation S 207 ), the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  adds the value of the number “k” (operation S 208 ), adds the value “j” (operation S 209 ), and repeats the processing performed to determine whether or not the inequality LOW≦a[j, l]≦HIGH holds (from operation S 206  to operation S 209 ). 
         [0087]    Further, when the value “j” exceeds the value “n−2” (No at operation S 206 ), the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  determines that the number “k” of the racks  21  corresponding to a single grille  23  is calculated and performs the target grille-calculation processing. 
         [0088]    The target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  determines whether or not the equation “k” =“ 0 ” holds (operation S 210 ). When it is determined that the equation “k” =“ 0 ” holds (Yes at operation S 210 ), the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  sets the maximum number INF for the constant t where the inequality a[t, l]&lt;b[i, l] holds and the minimum number SUP for the constant t where the inequality a[t, l]&lt;b[i, l] holds (operation S 211 ). Then, the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  calculates the target grille volume y[j, l] corresponding to the ratio between the grille  23  width observed between the grille coordinates and the rack  21  width observed between the rack coordinates of both ends according to the above-described expression (1) (operation S 212 ). 
         [0089]    When it is determined that the equation “k”=“0” does not hold (No at operation S 210 ), the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  determines whether or not the equation “k”=“1” holds (operation S 213 ). Then, the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  searches for the rack coordinates a[t, l] matching the condition of the rack coordinates shown between the grille coordinates of both ends, which is shown as “b[i, l]&lt;a[t, l]&lt;b[i+1, l]”, and sets the value of the constant t as MID (operation S 214 ). After that, the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  calculates the target grille volume y[j, l] according to the above-described expression (2) (operation S 215 ). 
         [0090]    Further, when it s determined that the equation “k”=“1” does not hold (No at operation S 213 ), the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  determines that the inequality “k”≧“2” holds (operation S 216 ). Then, the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  determines the maximum value of the constant t to be MAX and the minimum value of the constant t to be MIN (operation S 217 ). After that, the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  calculates the target grille volume y[j, l] according to the above-described expression (3) (operation S 218 ). 
         [0091]    After that, the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  externally transmits data of the target grille volume y[j, l] (operation S 219 ), adds the value “i”, and returns to operation S 203 . Here, when the value “i” exceeds the value “m−2” (No at operation S 203 ), the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  determines that the number “k” is calculated for each of the grilles  23  and terminates the processing. The above-described operations are performed for each row l (where the inequality 0≦1≦L−1 holds). Here, the sign “L” denotes the total number of rack  21  rows. 
         [0092]    Next, the target-grille volume-achievement determination processing will be described with reference to  FIG. 12 . As shown in  FIG. 12 , the simulation unit  13   b  of the open amount controlling apparatus  10  performs the N-th simulation (operation S 301 ), and externally transmits information about the simulation air volume as the simulation result, where the simulation air volume indicates the volume of air sent from the grille  23  to the racks  21  (operation S 302 ). 
         [0093]    Then, the air volume-determining unit  13   c  compares the target grille air volume with the simulation air volume and determines whether or not the value of the difference between the simulation air volume and the target grille volume is greater than or equal to the specified threshold value (operation S 303 ). 
         [0094]    When the result of the above-described determination shows that the value of the difference between the target grille volume and the simulation grille air volume is greater than or equal to the specified threshold value (Yes at operation S 303 ), the simulation unit  13   b  sets the grille aperture ratio used to perform the next simulation, increments the value N by “1” (operation S 304 ), and returns to operation S 301 . Further, when it is determined that the value of the difference between the target grille volume and the simulation grille air volume is smaller than the specified threshold value, the target-grille volume-achievement determination processing is terminated. 
       Advantages of First Embodiment 
       [0095]    As described above, the open amount controlling apparatus  10  calculates the target-grille air volume information indicating the air volume appropriate to cool the rack  21  regarding cooling air which is sent through the grille to cool the racks  21 . Further, the open amount controlling apparatus  10  determines a specified grille aperture ratio, performs a simulation based on the specified grille aperture ratio, and calculates the simulation-grille air volume information indicating the volume of air sent from the grille to the racks  21  as the simulation result. Then, the open amount controlling apparatus  10  calculates the target grille aperture ratio based on the difference between the target-grille air volume information and the simulation-grille air volume information. 
         [0096]    Therefore, the open amount controlling apparatus  10  calculates the appropriate grille aperture ratios and performs the layout optimization by adjusting the grille  23  arrangement, the grille aperture ratios, etc. so that the cooling air is appropriately distributed among the racks  21 . Consequently, the racks  21  can be cooled with efficiency. 
         [0097]    Here, the rack  21  temperature obtained through the layout optimization including the adjustment of the grille  23  arrangement, the grille aperture ratios, and so forth will be described with reference to  FIGS. 13 and 14 .  FIG. 13  shows the rack  21  temperatures obtained in an air conditioning system where the grille aperture ratios is not improved, and  FIG. 14  shows the rack  21  temperatures obtained in an air conditioning system where the grille aperture ratios is improved. The blow off temperature and the air volume of the air conditioning system exemplarily shown in  FIG. 13  are the same as those of the air conditioning system exemplarily shown in  FIG. 14 . However, the temperature of the rack s shown in  FIG. 14  is lower than that of the rack s shown in  FIG. 13 . Namely, the racks shown in  FIG. 14  are cooled with efficiency. More specifically, as exemplarily shown in  FIG. 15 , the rack  21  temperature obtained at the time when the target grille volumes is achieved is lower than that obtained before the above-described improvement, which means that the racks  21  are cooled with efficiency. 
         [0098]    Further, according to the first embodiment, the open amount controlling apparatus  10  determines whether or not the value of the difference between the target-grille air volume information and the simulation-grille air volume information is greater than or equal to the specified threshold value. When it is determined that the value of the difference between the target-grille air volume information and the simulation-grille air volume information is greater than or equal to the specified threshold value, the open amount controlling apparatus  10  calculates the grille aperture ratio information set for the next simulation based on the target-grille air volume information and the simulation-grille air volume information. After that, the open amount controlling apparatus  10  performs the simulation again based on the calculated grille aperture ratio and calculates the simulation-grille air volume information indicating the volume of air sent from the grille to the racks  21  as the simulation result. When it is determined that the value of the difference between the calculated target-grille air volume information and the simulation-grille air volume information is smaller than the specified threshold value, the set grille aperture ratio information is determined to be the target aperture ratio information by calculation. 
         [0099]    Therefore, the open amount controlling apparatus  10  repeats the simulation until the simulation grille air volume approaches the target grille air volume to calculate a more appropriate grille aperture ratio. Consequently, the layout optimization including the adjustment of the grille  23  arrangements, the grille aperture ratios, and so forth is attained so that cooling air is appropriately distributed among the racks  21 . As a result, the racks  21  are cooled with efficiency. 
         [0100]    Further, according to the first embodiment, the open amount controlling apparatus  10  calculates the target grille air volume based on the rack  21  arrangement information, the grille arrangement information, information about the air volume of each of the racks  21 , information about the calorific value of each of the racks  21 , information about the gross air volume of the racks  21 , information about the gross calorific value of the racks  21  (and/or information about the gross air volume of the air conditioners  22 ), etc., so that the appropriate target grille air volume can be calculated. 
         [0101]    Further, according to the first embodiment, the open amount controlling apparatus  10  calculates the target grille volume based on the ratio between the rack  21  width and the grille  23  width so that the appropriate target grille air volume can be calculated based on the rack  21  arrangement, the racks  21   ize , the grille  23  arrangement, and the grilles  23   ize.    
         [0102]    (1) Conditions for Terminating Simulation Processing 
         [0103]    In the above-described second embodiment, the target grille air volume and the simulation air volume are compared with each other, and the simulation processing is terminated when the value of the difference between the simulation air volume and the target grille volumes is smaller than or equal to the specified threshold value. However, the third embodiment is achieved without being limited to the second embodiment. 
         [0104]    For example, the open amount controlling apparatus  10  may terminate the simulation processing when the value of the difference between the pressure loss calculated based on the grille volume obtained as the simulation result and the pressure loss calculated based on the grille volume obtained as the previous simulation result. 
         [0105]    Further, the open amount controlling apparatus  10  may terminate the simulation processing when the value of the difference between the grille aperture ratios used to perform the simulation and that used to perform the previous simulation is smaller than or equal to the specified threshold value. 
         [0106]    Thus, when it is determined that the value of the difference between the pressure loss calculated based on the target-grille air volume information and that calculated based on the simulation-grille air volume information is greater than or equal to the specified threshold value, the open amount controlling apparatus  10  calculates the grille aperture ratio information set for the next simulation based on the target-grille air volume information and the simulation-grille air volume information. Therefore, the simulation is repeated until the appropriate pressure loss is obtained so that a more appropriate grille aperture ratio can be determined by calculation. 
         [0107]    Thus, when the value of the difference between the grille aperture ratio used to perform the simulation and that used to perform the previous simulation is smaller than or equal to the specified threshold value, the open amount controlling apparatus  10  calculates the grille aperture ratio information set for the next simulation based on the target-grille air volume information and the simulation-grille air volume information. Therefore, the simulation is repeated until a change in the grille aperture ratio becomes insignificant so that a more appropriate grille aperture ratio can be determined by calculation. 
         [0108]    (2) Target Grille Volume-Calculations 
         [0109]    Further, the target grille volumes may be calculated in consideration of the grille  23  position and/or the rack  21  position. For example, since the exhaust infiltration often occurs in the racks  21  provided at the four corners of the rack  21  row, the target grille volume may be increased for the above-described racks  21 . 
         [0110]    Thus, the target grille volumes is calculated in consideration of the grille  23  position and/or the rack  21  position, which makes it possible to calculate the appropriate target grille volume. 
         [0111]    (3) System Configuration, Etc. 
         [0112]    The components of each of the devices are functionally and conceptually illustrated in the attached drawings, and may not be configured as physically as shown in the drawings. Namely, the specific form of distribution and/or integration of the devices is not limited to those shown in the drawings, and all or part of the devices may be distributed and/or integrated functionally and/or physically in an arbitrary unit based on various loads and/or service conditions. For example, the target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a  and the simulation unit  13   b  may be integrated. Further, all or arbitrary part of the processing functions performed in the devices may be achieved through a CPU and/or a program which is analyzed and executed through the CPU, or may be achieved as hardware attained based on wired logic. 
         [0113]    Further, of the processing procedures clarified in the above-described embodiment, all or part of the automatically performed processing procedures may be manually performed. Otherwise, all or part of the manually performed processing procedures may be automatically performed according to a known method. Further, the processing procedures, the control procedures, the specific names, and the information including various data and/or parameters that are shown in the above-described embodiments and/or the attached drawings may be arbitrarily changed apart from specified cases. 
         [0114]    (4) Programs 
         [0115]    Incidentally, the various processing procedures clarified in the above-described embodiments may be achieved through a computer executing a predetermined program. Hereinafter, therefore, an exemplary computer executing a program having the same functions as those of the above-described embodiments will be described with reference to  FIG. 16 . More specifically,  FIG. 16  shows a computer executing a grille aperture ratio-calculating program. 
         [0116]    As shown in  FIG. 16 , a computer  600  provided as the open amount controlling apparatus includes an HDD  610 , a RAM  620 , a ROM  630 , and a CPU  640  that are connected to one another via a bus  650 . 
         [0117]    The ROM  630  stores a grille aperture ratio-calculating program having the same functions as those of the above-described embodiments. Namely, as shown in  FIG. 16 , a target-grille air volume-calculating program  631 , a simulation program  632 , an air volume-determining program  633 , a set grille aperture ratio-calculating program  634 , and a grille aperture ratio-calculating program  635  are stored in the ROM  630  in advance. Here, the programs  631 ,  632 ,  633 ,  634 , and  635  may be integrated and/or distributed as appropriate as is the case with the components of the open amount controlling apparatus  10  shown in  FIG. 2 . 
         [0118]    Further, when the CPU  640  executes the above-described programs  631  to  635  that are read from the ROM  630 , the programs  631  to  635  function as a target-grille air volume-calculating process  641 , a simulation process  642 , an air volume-determining process  643 , a set-grille aperture ratio-calculating process  644 , and a grille aperture ratio-calculating process  645 , as shown in  FIG. 16 . The processes  641  to  645  correspond to the respective target-grille air volume-calculating unit  13   a,  simulation unit  13   b,  air volume-determining unit  13   c,  set-grille aperture ratio-calculating unit  13   d,  and grille aperture ratio-calculating unit  13   e  that are shown in  FIG. 2 . 
         [0119]    Further, initial-grille aperture ratio data  611  is stored in the HDD  610  as shown in  FIG. 16 . The initial-grille aperture ratio data  611  corresponds to the initial-grille aperture ratio storage unit  14   a  shown in  FIG. 2 . 
         [0120]    In the embodiments that described above, the aperture rate is calculated. However it may calculate another open amount (for example, opening space for each of the air transfer grilles). 
         [0121]    All examples and conditional language recited herein are intended for pedagogical purposes to aid the reader in understanding the invention and the concepts contributed by the inventor to furthering the art, and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited examples and conditions, nor does the organization of such examples in the specification relate to a showing of the superiority and inferiority of the invention. Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it should be understood that the various changes, substitutions, and alterations could be made hereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Technology Classification (CPC): 7