Patent Abstract:
A system and method provide prepaid telecommunication services using credit or debit cards in a telecommunication network including a central data base. The system monitors card balances while blocking multiple use of card balances and sends warning messages to subscribers on card balances which approach a threshold amount. Upon initiation of a telephone call, a subscriber card balance corresponding to the subscriber&#39;s credit or debit account is retrieved from the central data base. Status flags are set in the central database indicating that a telephone call is in progress for that account. A switching station monitors the telephone call and initiates an alarm when the call time approaches a threshold amount specified for the card balance. The system announce to the subscriber and/or blocks the termination of the call when the threshold amount has been exceeded and a further limit specified for the card balance has been reached. The card balance in the central data base and the status flags are changed upon completion or termination of the call.

Full Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to the field of telecommunications billing, and in particular, to a system and method for validating and processing credit or debit accounts in a telecommunications network. 
     2. Description of the Prior Art 
     For telecommunications calls that are carried out from pay telephones and other locations not directly connected to the subscriber&#39;s telephone line, it is customary to charge the calls to a credit or debit account. To use such a credit or debit account, the subscriber will typically call a telephone operator (or automatic computer program) and provide an account number printed on a credit or debit card. The operator (or automatic process) will then check a database to determine the validity of and balance in the credit or debit account. As long as the subscriber&#39;s credit balance is below the allowable credit limit or the debit balance is above zero, the operator (or automatic program) will initiate the telephone call. 
     An example of such a system may be found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,265,155 to Castro, the specification of which is incorporated herein by reference. This patent discloses in FIGS. 10 and 11, a system for prepayment of telecommunication calls including means for checking the existing balance of a prepayment account at a central database and for transmitting a message to the subscriber indicating the amount of the current balance at the moment the subscriber initiates a telephone call. While the call progresses, the balance is periodically diminished at the central database in accordance with the usage costs of the call. When the balance approaches zero, the system further includes means to inform the subscriber and/or initiate a termination request for the call, and includes additional options such as allowing the caller an additional credit beyond the prepaid usage of the debit card. 
     While the system described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,265,155 provides a useful way to handle credit and debit calls, it suffers from the inconvenience that the subscriber&#39;s balance must be continually updated at the central database as the call proceeds. When many such calls are in progress, the necessity to continually update the balance increases the processor loading at the central database. Thus, it would be more efficient of network resources to access the central database only twice--once to read the balance at the initiation of the telephone call and a second time to update the balance at the termination of the call while monitoring the balance locally in order to terminate a call when the credit limit is reached or the debit amount approaches zero. 
     However, simply establishing a local process to monitor the balance during a telephone call does not solve all of the potential problems, because the possibility exists that the account may become corrupted due to attempts by multiple users to use the same credit or debit account at approximately the same time. In such cases, two callers competing for the same credit or debit balance at the same time complicates monitoring of balances. Further, notifying or interrupting the caller when the balance is nearly used up would involve an extensive logical process, such that the balance could be used up before the process was completed. Accordingly, a prepaid telecommunications system which limits use of system resources in monitoring credit or debit balances of prepaid services, locks out multiple use of a balance and provides a warning announcement when the balance on a card is approaching zero would enhance the utility of such services and improve the performance of telecommunications systems. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     An object of the invention is an improved system and method for providing prepaid services on a telecommunications network. 
     Another object is a system and method for handling credit and debit transactions on a telecommunications network in a way which reduces billing communications, yet which enables accurate monitoring of call balance. 
     Another object is a system and method for blocking multiple requests for service on the same account number while the call is proceeding. 
     Another object is a system and method for providing a warning announcement to a caller when a credit or debit card balance approaches a threshold amount. 
     Still another object is a method and system for handling credit and debit transactions on a telecommunications network which is simple to carry out, and does not require large processor loading at a central subscriber database. 
     These and other objects are met in the present invention which comprises means to retrieve a subscriber&#39;s balance data from a central database corresponding to the subscriber&#39;s credit or debit account at the initiation of a call; means to set a status flag at the central database indicating that a call is in progress for that account; means to locally monitor the telephone call and to present an alarm when the call has approached a limit; means to announce the termination of the call and/or block the call when the call has reached a further limit; and means to update the balance in the central database and to change the status flag upon completion (or termination) of the call. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a prior art telecommunication network, suitable for use with the present invention. 
     FIGS. 2A-2C are flow diagrams carried out among a subscriber, a central switch, and a central database in a system of FIG. 1 in accordance with the invention. 
     FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of processing steps in a central database performed as a part of the processes of FIGS. 2A-2C. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     In FIG. 1 a telecommunications network 10 comprises a plurality of central switching stations (CSS) 1, a plurality of trunks 2 interlinking the CSSs,and a plurality of telecommunication devices (TD) 3, such as telephones, pay telephones, facsimile machines, etc. connected to the CSSs. Also shownis a cellular phone system linked to one of the CSSs. 
     In the present invention, which will be described for the case of a debit card, the telecommunications system 10 of FIG. 1 is augmented to include at least one central database (CD) 7 linked to at least one of the CSSs. The CD 7 contains records corresponding to each authorized subscriber and stores or holds pertinent account information such as the following: 
     
         ______________________________________AN   AccountNumber             Number on Debit CardRB   RemainingBalance             Remaining balance (in money units)LS   LockStatus:  IDLE, READ, or CIP             (CALL.sub.-- IN.sub.-- PROGRESS)LTS  LockTimestamp:             the last time the lock status changedRT   RemainingTime:             Remaining time available, based onRemainingBalanceCR   CurrentRate: price rate used in computing remaining             timeWT   WarningTime: seconds left when warning customer of near             consumption of balanceWS   WarningScript:             message to be sent at Warning TimeES   EndScript:   message to be sent at the end of the callCN   CalledNumber:             telephone number to be calledRE   Renew/Extend:             whether subscriber has authority to renew             and/or extend the debit balance______________________________________ 
    
     Each CSS further includes means for downloading the subscriber information from the CD and locally monitoring the Remaining Balance RB (or similarly the RemainingTime RT) for the call and issuing an alarm or terminating thecall when the balance reaches an appropriate threshold. 
     In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a single, authoritative copy of the subscriber&#39;s record is maintained at the CD and other copies are downloaded to the CSS using a locking protocol to ensure that plural subscribers are incapable of tapping the same account balance at the same time. The locking protocol also includes the capability to prevent an accidental permanent locking by aging the lock status, as will be described below. 
     The operation of the telecommunications system with the locking protocol and warning announcement to the caller is shown in detail in FIGS. 2A-2C. Each flow chart indicates in multiple columns the operation or step performed by the subscriber devices 3, the central station switch 1 and the central database 7 (see FIG. 1). In FIG. 2A, a subscriber initiates a telephone call (step 201) using one of the devices 3 to connect to a CSS. In initiating the call, a subscriber is prompted by either an automatic message generated at the CSS or by a human operator, to provide the account number AN for the debit card. The subscriber may enter the AN by voicing the digits, or by using a DTMF keypad, a magnetic stripe reader, aSMART CARD reader, a modem, or other suitable means as is well known in theart. In a step 202, the CSS contacts the CD either through the telecommunication network, or through an auxiliary communication network (not shown). In an operation 203, the CD provides the subscriber&#39;s accountinformation to the CSS in order to validate the call and establish the local monitoring process. 
     In more detail, the CSS in step 202, upon receiving a valid AN from the subscriber, sends a ReadWithTimeStamp (RWTS) to the CD to obtain a copy ofthe current record for that account number and the current time at the CD. The CD returns the current record with the current timestamp (TS) in the operation 203, and in an operation 204, the CSS examines the lockstatus field (LS) of the record to determine if the record is already locked. If the record is not locked (LS=&#34;IDLE&#34;), the CSS is free to send a command tothe CD to update the record with new information. However, if the record isalready locked (LS=&#34;READ&#34; or call in progress LS=&#34;CIP&#34;), then in an operation 205 the call fails and the subscriber is notified in an operation 206 unless the difference between the current TS and the previously locked time stamp (LTS) is greater than a threshold, indicatinga permanently locked condition. 
     Thus, if the current record indicates an idle condition, or if the lock status is overridden due to detection of a permanent lock condition, the CSS informs the subscriber of the current RB (either by displaying the information at the subscriber&#39;s telephone device (TD), or by sending a voice message from either a human operator or a voice synthesizer) and requests the called number (CN) in an operation 207. After the subscriber provides the called number in an operation 208, the CSS uses the CN to compute the current rate (CR) (which may be a function of the distance from the subscriber to the called number), and to compute the remaining time (RT) based upon the remaining balance (RB) and credit balance (CR) inan operation 209. The CSS then changes the local record to LS=&#34;READ&#34;, inserts TS obtained in the operation 203, and issues a conditional update (CU) to the CD in an operation 210. The CD commences to process the conditional update in an operation 211, which will be more fully describedin connection with FIG. 3. 
     In an operation 301, the CD receives both the old record and the new recordfrom the CSS, thereby allowing the CD to compare the old record with the record it currently holds to determine if the current CSS request for update is based upon the most recent RWTS request. In particular, in an operation 303, the CD compares the LTS fields containing the most recentlyrecorded timestamps of the old record and the current record. If the LTS fields do not match, then some other CSS has updated the record in the intermediate time. In that case, the CD returns the code &#34;FAIL&#34; in an operation 305. If the LTS fields do match, then the CD updates the currentrecord with the new record passed from the CSS and sends a &#34;SUCCESS&#34; message to the CSS as a part of the operation 211. 
     Turning now to the operation of the locking protocol shown in FIG. 2B, in an operation 221 the CSS, upon receipt of a code &#34;SUCCESS&#34;, issues anotherRWTS to the CD in an operation 223 or sends a call fail announcement to thesubscriber in an operation 222. The CD in an operation 224 returns the subscriber record with the current time stamp. In an operation 225, the CSS edits the returned record by changing the LS to &#34;CIP&#34; and the LTS to TS. The CSS then sends a conditional update CU to the CD in an operation 226. The CD processes the conditional update (CU) and returns a &#34;SUCCESS&#34; or &#34;FAIL&#34; message in an operation 227. At this point, there should be no contention conflicts from other CSSs because they were screened out by theearlier conditional update (CU) conducted in the operation 210 and the LS check in the operation 204. However, the issuing of a CU in the preferred embodiment is viewed as a precautionary measure to ensure against a possible unforeseen degenerate condition. When the CD indicates a successful update of the record to LS=&#34;CIP&#34;, the CSS in an operation 228 proceeds to terminate the call in an operation 229 or establish the telephone call and local monitoring process in an operation 230. 
     Turning to FIG. 2C, in an operation 230, the CSS establishes the call and initiates the local monitoring process. In an operation 231, the CSS obtains the remaining time (RT) and the warning time (WT) from the record,computes a time period RT-WT and sets a timer for the period. When the timeperiod is reached or expires an operation 232 is initiated by the CSS to send a warning message to the subscriber. The warning message (WS) is sentto the subscriber (either by modem, voice generation, human voice, or similar method). When RT itself is used up, the CSS in an operation 234 checks to see if it is possible to extend and/or renew the balance in an operation 235. If a &#34;yes&#34; condition exists for the operation 235, the CSS proceeds to adjust the RB and RT fields in an operation 237 and to update the CD using a conditional update in an operation 238. Prior to adjusting RB and RT, and if a &#34;no&#34; condition exists, the CSS may also prompt the subscriber to determine whether the subscriber desires to extend and/or renew the remaining balance (RB), and if so, by how much. In the event it is not possible to extend and/or renew the balance, the CSS terminates thetelephone call in an operation 239. When the call is terminated, the remaining balance (RB), the remaining time (RT), the lock status (LS) which is &#34;idle&#34; is sent to the CD as a conditional update in an operation 240. 
     Alternatively, it may also happen that the subscriber terminates the call before the balance is completely used up. Whether the call is terminated by the subscriber, or the call is terminated by the CSS, as in the above, because the remaining balance (RB) became zero, the CD must still be updated with the new remaining balance (which may be zero). Thus, the CSS issues a final CU to the CD which is processed in an operation 241. 
     By using the above locking protocol, it is possible for a local monitoring process to monitor the call in progress, and to break into the call and/orterminate the call when the available balance is used up without requiring intermediate action by a central database. In addition, because of the locking protocol, all other subscribers are effectively blocked from usingthe same available balance while a previous call is in progress. 
     While the foregoing description is based on an example of a debit account, it should be clear to those skilled in the art that a similar discussion may equally be made for a credit card--so long as appropriate changes are made for the balance increasing until reaching a credit limit instead of decreasing until zero. Other modifications of the preferred embodiment will also be clear to those skilled in the art, which, however should rightly be included in the scope of the invention. 
     While a specific embodiment of the invention has been disclosed, it will beunderstood by those having skill in the art that changes can be made to thespecific embodiment without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Technology Classification (CPC): 7