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{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The cost is about $160, although a discount is available for AICPA members. CPA certificate. Once you've passed the exam and met the other requirements for certification, you'll apply for a CPA certificate through the Minnesota Board of Accountancy. Your initial application fee is $165. CPA exam. Total exam cost varies based on jurisdiction, application, section and re-take fees. A future CPA in Minnesota applying for all four sections at one time can expect to spend about $1,000. An application fee is required each time you apply, so be mindful of your schedule to avoid additional fees", "If you want to become an accountant, one of the most important things you can do is take that final step towards certification and become a CPA (Certified Public Accountant). According to the American Institute of CPAs (AICPA), entry-level CPAs earn 10-15% more than non-CPAs. Over the course of their careers this disparity can grow as high as 41%. But becoming a CPA is challenging, both academically and financially. There is a separate ethics examination, which usually costs about $150. Obviously, this is a challenging examination and you will want to prepare for it carefully. Some applicants use a self-study package, with average costs of about $1,300. If you prefer a face-to-face tutorial, these programs average $3,000.", "Most states require aspiring CPAs to complete at least 150 semester hours of study to become licensed. Students generally accrue 120 hours via a traditional bachelor's degree program. To earn the required 150 hours, some schools offer the option of a combined 5-year bachelor's and master's degree program in accounting.", "1 A bachelor's degree in accounting is necessary to become a CPA. 2 According to the non-profit organization College Board, the average cost of attending a four-year public college is $7,605 per year (in-state) or $11,990 (out-of-state) for tuition and fees. 1 Requirements for becoming a CPA vary by the state in which the accountant applies. 2 According to the American Institute of CPAs, most states require a bachelor's degree plus two years of public accounting experience. 3 Other requirements vary, although all states use the same Uniform CPA Exam.", "1 In Florida, annual renewal costs of $105. 2 A bachelor's degree in accounting is necessary to become a CPA. 3 According to the non-profit organization College Board, the average cost of attending a four-year public college is $7,605 per year (in-state) or $11,990 (out-of-state) for tuition and fees. 1 Requirements for becoming a CPA vary by the state in which the accountant applies. 2 According to the American Institute of CPAs, most states require a bachelor's degree plus two years of public accounting experience. 3 Other requirements vary, although all states use the same Uniform CPA Exam.", "Note: In general you can expect the total CPA exam application fees (i.e. item 1 + 2) to cost you around $1,000. 3. CPA Exam Review Course Expenses. Very big range, from Wiley CPA books costing $30 at Amazon to a full Becker course at $3,000+. You can learn more about the CPA exam review courses here. 4. CPA Ethics Exam Fees. Most states required an ethics exam after the passing of the Uniform CPA exam. If you are to take the one administered by AICPA (chosen by most states), then you can expect to pay $131.25.", "One of the wisest investments you can make on your path to becoming a CPA is to choose a review course that works for you. Fees depend on provider and course type; self-study courses average $1,300 and live courses average $3,000. Select review course providers offer MNCPA group discounts (see details for eligibility). CPA exam. Total exam cost varies based on jurisdiction, application, section and re-take fees. A future CPA in Minnesota applying for all four sections at one time can expect to spend about $1,000. An application fee is required each time you apply, so be mindful of your schedule to avoid additional fees", "1 Review courses for the CPA exam typically cost $70-$200 for a self-study book or software course. 2 More expensive self-study or interactive college courses may cost $1,000-$4,000. 3 For example, the CPA Ready software by Bisk costs $100. 4 The self-study Becker CPA Review Course costs $3,245 for all four parts of the exam. 1 Requirements for becoming a CPA vary by the state in which the accountant applies. 2 According to the American Institute of CPAs, most states require a bachelor's degree plus two years of public accounting experience. 3 Other requirements vary, although all states use the same Uniform CPA Exam." ], "url": [ "http://www.mncpa.org/cpa-exam/costs-to-become-a-CPA.aspx", "http://bestaccountingdegrees.net/faq/how-much-does-it-cost-to-become-a-cpa/", "http://study.com/articles/Certified_Public_Accountant_How_to_Become_a_CPA.html", "http://education.costhelper.com/cpa-accountant.html", "http://education.costhelper.com/cpa-accountant.html", "http://ipassthecpaexam.com/cpa-exam-fees/", "http://www.mncpa.org/cpa-exam/costs-to-become-a-CPA.aspx", "http://education.costhelper.com/cpa-accountant.html" ] }

[ "1 A bachelor's degree in accounting is necessary to become a CPA. 2 According to the non-profit organization College Board, the average cost of attending a four-year public college is $7,605 per year (in-state) or $11,990 (out-of-state) for tuition and fees. 1 Requirements for becoming a CPA vary by the state in which the accountant applies. 2 According to the American Institute of CPAs, most states require a bachelor's degree plus two years of public accounting experience. 3 Other requirements vary, although all states use the same Uniform CPA Exam." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Picardy (French: Picardie) is a historic region in northern France that is now within the departments of Aisne, Oise, Pas-de-Calais, and Somme. Amiens was the region's capital. On Picardy's fertile soils they grow wheat, sugar beets and fodder crops.", "The region sits just above Île-île-De france and Touches belgium to the-north, east Between-nord-pas-De calais and its eastern, Neighbour-Champagne. Ardenne’picardie s location means that it is within an’hour s reach Of, London paris And. brussels", "Picardie is located in Northern part of France. The capital of French Metropolitan Region of Picardie is Amiens. Present day region Picardie is larger in size than the historical province of Picardie. Picardie region is divided into three departements namely Aisne, Oise and Somme.", "Search. Submit search form. Picardie Province of France Facts on Picardy Land area: 19,399 km Population: estimated at 1,877,000 Area: 97/km (2005) Capital City: Amiens Picardie (English: Picardy) is one of the 26 regions of France, and is located in the northern part of France.", "Picardy (French: Picardie) [1] is a region in northern France, located immediately north of the French capital Paris and the Ile de France. Although largely inland, the region does border the English Channel near Abbeville.", "Picardie. Picardie is a region located north of Paris which we have only started to explore. The historical region was smaller than the current administrative one that comprises areas north of Paris where people certainly do not feel like Picards." ], "url": [ "http://www.placesinfrance.com/picardie_facts.html", "http://www.hunt-a-home.com/france-area-guide/picardie", "http://www.mapsofworld.com/france/regions/picardie/", "http://www.placesinfrance.com/picardie_facts.html", "http://wikitravel.org/en/Picardy", "http://www.france-in-photos.com/picardie/" ] }

[ "Picardy (French: Picardie) [1] is a region in northern France, located immediately north of the French capital Paris and the Ile de France. Although largely inland, the region does border the English Channel near Abbeville." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "the average cost to hire a plumber ranges from $ 170 to $ 430 cost of hiring a plumber is usually calculated in one of 3 ways per hour rate usually with a 2 hour minimum or flat fee for service call hourly rate or flat fee per job often payable in increments for a large job $ 750 $ 1000 water heater install tankless $ 1500 $ 1850 cost breakdown the cost to hire a plumber includes labor confirm with your plumber how labor costs will be calculated by the hour or at a flat rate", "1 State licensing for plumbers costs $75-$300 and lasts 1-2 years. 2 Tennessee issues a two-year plumbing license for $75. 3 Georgia 's plumbing license fee is $30 for the application and a $75 renewal fee every two years, and Alaska's fee is a $50 application and $200 license fee every two years. 1 Additional costs for plumbing training range from $500-$10,000, and may include books, tools, uniforms and living costs. 2 AC/C Tech in Indianapolis estimates additional plumbing program costs as $328 for tools and $369 for books, uniforms and safety equipment.", "1 An online training program in plumbing costs $800-$1,000. 2 For example, Penn Foster offers a plumbing technology program for $868, and Ashworth College has similar coursework for about $800. 3 A certificate program in plumbing costs $1,250-$3,000. 1 Additional costs for plumbing training range from $500-$10,000, and may include books, tools, uniforms and living costs. 2 AC/C Tech in Indianapolis estimates additional plumbing program costs as $328 for tools and $369 for books, uniforms and safety equipment.", "1 A plumber typically charges $200-$500 to install a standard utility sink if the basic hook-ups and vents are already in place, or $500-$1,300 or more to add he basic hook-ups; the utility sink itself can cost another $50-$900 or more. 1 Most plumbers charge a two-hour minimum or a service call fee of $75 -$150, and some plumbers bill a flat fee per job instead of an hourly rate. 2 Either away, exact costs will depend on the complexity and type of work done.", "1 In some areas plumbers charge $45 -$75 an hour; in other regions the hourly rate can be $75 -$150. 2 Most plumbers charge a two-hour minimum or a service call fee of $75 -$150, and some plumbers bill a flat fee per job instead of an hourly rate. 3 Either away, exact costs will depend on the complexity and type of work done. 1 Most plumbers charge a two-hour minimum or a service call fee of $75 -$150, and some plumbers bill a flat fee per job instead of an hourly rate. 2 Either away, exact costs will depend on the complexity and type of work done.", "1 An associate's degree in plumbing technology costs $3,000-$23,000. 2 Southwestern Illinois College offers an associate's degree program for $6,080 for in-district students and $23,744 for out-of-state tuition. 1 Additional costs for plumbing training range from $500-$10,000, and may include books, tools, uniforms and living costs. 2 AC/C Tech in Indianapolis estimates additional plumbing program costs as $328 for tools and $369 for books, uniforms and safety equipment.", "1 Plumbers' rates vary significantly by location. 2 In some areas plumbers charge $45 -$75 an hour; in other regions the hourly rate can be $75 -$150. 3 Most plumbers charge a two-hour minimum or a service call fee of $75 -$150, and some plumbers bill a flat fee per job instead of an hourly rate. 1 Most plumbers charge a two-hour minimum or a service call fee of $75 -$150, and some plumbers bill a flat fee per job instead of an hourly rate. 2 Either away, exact costs will depend on the complexity and type of work done.", "Continue Reading. The cost of a plumber ranges from $160 to $430 for a typical job with the average cost per hour ranging from $45 to $150. This can include jobs like repairing faucets, toilets, sinks or bathtubs. Some plumbers may also charge a flat rate depending on the job. Plumbing Cost Guides. Rarely does somebody set out to upgrade their plumbing. The pipes transporting fresh water to your home and waste water from your home tend to do their jobs with the kind of anonymity reserved for theatrical stage hands.", "The average cost per hour for a plumber ranges from $45 to $150 per hour depending on the job, timing and location. Services may include drain cleaning, faucet replacement or installation, and toilet repair. According to project data from HomeAdvisor members, the average cost to hire a plumber ranges between $169 and $434." ], "url": [ "http://www.networx.com/cost-guide/hire-a-plumber", "http://education.costhelper.com/plumbing-school.html", "http://education.costhelper.com/plumbing-school.html", "http://home.costhelper.com/plumbers.html", "http://home.costhelper.com/plumbers.html", "http://education.costhelper.com/plumbing-school.html", "http://home.costhelper.com/plumbers.html", "http://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/plumbing/", "http://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/plumbing/hire-a-plumber/" ] }

[ "the average cost to hire a plumber ranges from $ 170 to $ 430 cost of hiring a plumber is usually calculated in one of 3 ways per hour rate usually with a 2 hour minimum or flat fee for service call hourly rate or flat fee per job often payable in increments for a large job $ 750 $ 1000 water heater install tankless $ 1500 $ 1850 cost breakdown the cost to hire a plumber includes labor confirm with your plumber how labor costs will be calculated by the hour or at a flat rate" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Full Definition of SAUCE. 1. : a condiment or relish for food; especially: a fluid dressing or topping. 2. : something that adds zest or piquancy. 3. : stewed fruit eaten with other food or as a dessert.", "If you're from the Midwest or Eastern seaboard of the United States, duck sauce is likely an orange jelly-like substance—similar to sweet-and-sour sauce but with a fruitier flavor—that comes in packets with your Chinese takeout. It's typically used for dipping crispy noodles, egg rolls, and other fried foods.", "A chef whisking a sauce. In cooking, a sauce is liquid, cream, or semi-solid food served on or used in preparing other foods. Sauces are not normally consumed by themselves; they add flavor, moisture, and visual appeal to another dish. Sauce is a French word taken from the Latin salsa, meaning salted.", "The sauce is a liquid or a cream or a semi-solid food. This food item is used when we are preparing food or when we are serving food. The sauce is not eaten by itself as a different dish. It is there to enhance the flavor of another dish. Since sauces are used in most types of food, naming all of them is impossible.", "Duck sauce is a sweet and sour sauce that has a long association as the perfect compliment to Chinese cuisine. It can be used as a glaze and an ingredient in recipes as well as being an ideal dipping sauce. It's made with dried fruit, sugar, and spices.", "Sauce. Def. 1-. (noun) a liquid or semi-liquid edible dressing or condiment served as an accompaniment to or an ingredient in a meat, dessert, or other food: pizza sauce, steak sauce, cranberry sauce, chocolate sauce, etc., or (verb) to add said sauce to something.", "In cooking, a sauce is liquid, cream, or semi-solid food served on or used in preparing other foods. Sauces are not normally consumed by themselves; they add flavor, moisture, and visual appeal to another dish. Sauce is a French word taken from the Latin salsa, meaning salted." ], "url": [ "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sauce", "http://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/what-is-duck-sauce-180953993/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauce", "http://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-sauce-and-vs-gravy/", "http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-duck-sauce.htm", "http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Sauce", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauce" ] }

[ "In cooking, a sauce is liquid, cream, or semi-solid food served on or used in preparing other foods. Sauces are not normally consumed by themselves; they add flavor, moisture, and visual appeal to another dish. Sauce is a French word taken from the Latin salsa, meaning salted." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Making the world better, one answer at a time. The chorion is the outermost fetal membrane. It is formed by the fusion of the extraembryonic mesoderm with the inner surface of the trophoblasts. Its function is to aide in the production of the placenta", "The essential function of the chorion is to develop the villi and the placenta that will provide a pathway for exchange from the mother to the fetus, making it a pivotal part of the pregnancy. Function of the Chorion. While a fetus is developing inside the mother, it is totally dependent on her for nutrition and removal of wastes. As the chorion develops, the side that is facing the fetus becomes the placenta.", "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The chorion is the outermost membrane around the embryo in mammals, birds and reptiles. It develops from an outer fold on the surface of the yolk sac, which lies outside the vitteline envelope and is developed by the follicle cells while the egg is in the ovary. The chorion is one of the four extraembryonic membranes that make up the amniotic egg that provide for the nutrients and protection needed for the embryo's survival. It is located between the albumin, which is the white of the egg, and the eggshell. It encloses the embryo and the rest of the embryonic system.", "Amnion: A thin, tough, membranous sac that encloses the embryo. It is filled with a serous fluid in which the embryo is suspended. Chorion: The outer membrane enclosing the embryo in reptiles, birds, and mammals. In placental mammals it contributes to the development of the placenta. There are four fetal membranes—the amnion, chorion, yolk sac, and allantois. In the course of development, the chorion becomes the outermost, and the amnion the innermost, membrane surrounding the developing embryo.", "Definition of the Chorion. The chorion is a membrane that develops at the beginning of a pregnancy between the developing fetus and the mother and continues to grow throughout the pregnancy. The chorion is formed by two layers: embryonic mesoderm and a double layer of trophoblasts. Function of the Chorion. While a fetus is developing inside the mother, it is totally dependent on her for nutrition and removal of wastes. As the chorion develops, the side that is facing the fetus becomes the placenta.", "For the chorion in vertebrate eggs, see Chorion (egg). For the entertainment company see Chorion (company). In humans and most mammals, the chorion is one of the membranes that exist during pregnancy between the developing fetus and mother. It is formed by extraembryonic mesoderm and the two layers of trophoblast that surround the embryo and other membranes. ", "(Answer #1). The chorion is the outer membrane that encloses the embryo in reptiles, birds, and mammals. It is one of four fetal membranes which includes the allantois, amnion, chorion, and yolk sac. The function of the chorion is to contribute to the development of the placenta in placental mammals. The main function of the placenta is to move oxygenated blood into the bloodstream of the developing baby and in turn, move carbon dioxide out. It also ensures that nutrients are received, and wastes are taken away" ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/The_Function_Of_Chorion", "http://study.com/academy/lesson/chorion-definition-function-quiz.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorion_(egg)", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070326220803AAfkVlP", "http://study.com/academy/lesson/chorion-definition-function-quiz.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorion", "http://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-functions-chorion-plancenta-174791" ] }

[ "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The chorion is the outermost membrane around the embryo in mammals, birds and reptiles. It develops from an outer fold on the surface of the yolk sac, which lies outside the vitteline envelope and is developed by the follicle cells while the egg is in the ovary. The chorion is one of the four extraembryonic membranes that make up the amniotic egg that provide for the nutrients and protection needed for the embryo's survival. It is located between the albumin, which is the white of the egg, and the eggshell. It encloses the embryo and the rest of the embryonic system." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "How big does an adult bearded dragon get? The average adult bearded dragon gets 18 inches long (1 1/2 feet) . There are different species of bearded dragon that can get up to 24 inches (2 feet). ", "Juvenile bearded dragons. Before setting up a pair of bearded dragons for breeding, it is essential that the habitat is correct for the species. There should be a temperature gradient of 77 to 88 degrees Fahrenheit with a focal basking spot of 105 degrees. The beardies should be on a balanced diet with adequate calcium. Keep in mind that keeping your bearded dragons together is temporary. You will need two separate habitats in the long term as well as a suitable habitat for the hatchlings when the time comes. Full-spectrum lighting, including UVB, is necessary for proper calcium metabolism.", "It is recommended that the UVB light source should be less than 18 inches from where the Bearded Dragon spends most of its time; 10-12 inches is optimal. The areas illuminated by the incandescent basking light and the UV light should overlap. ", "Taming a bearded dragon Part I: The skittish baby. Case history #1 I got a bearded dragon because all the research I did showed me that bearded dragons were always calm and friendly. ", "Answers. Best Answer: It sure was nice of you to agree to take care of the Beardie. They usually stop growing completely once they reach a year and a half, and their growing is almost complete once they are a year old. Usually, they top out at 18-22 inches, although they can get up to 24 inches. ", "Bearded Dragon Hatchlings. Female bearded dragons lay clutches a few times a year, averaging about 20 eggs in each clutch. When the hatchlings emerge two to three months later, they are about 4 inches long and weigh less than an ounce. Within two months, they are twice their birth size. Bearded dragons reach sexual maturity between the ages of 8 months and 18 months. Determining the gender of your bearded dragon before maturity isn't easy. When grown, males are larger than females, with notably bigger heads.", "Insects. 1 There exists some golden rules on what do bearded dragons eat. 2 Don’t feed your bearded dragons with the insects that is longer than the width of the dragon eyes. 3 Avoid feeding it with the insects which have tough exoskeletons. As these bearded dragons can live up to 8 years in their natural environment, owners of these lizard pets can expect them to live at least for decade with proper care. Most of the pert owners used to have long term commitment with their pets.", "The length/ size of a Bearded Dragon depends on a few things; the species, the environment and their diet/ health. Typically the male will grow larger than the female. You can measure them in 2 ways, either by body length or from tip of the tail to the tip of their mouth – as done below. ", "theres acctually no way of knowing how large a beardie will get. for more info inbox me for more info. 1 Pets & Animals. 2 Standard YouTube License. " ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_big_do_bearded_dragons_grow_to_be", "http://www.reptilesmagazine.com/Breeding-Lizards/Breeding-Bearded-Dragons-Wissman/", "http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c=17+1796&aid=2730", "http://www.bio.miami.edu/tosney/file/BDtame1.html", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20071219211359AACS03B", "http://animals.mom.me/long-before-bearded-dragons-fully-grown-8850.html", "http://papre.com/how-long-do-bearded-dragons-live-what-do-bearded-dragons-eat/", "http://pogopogona.com/bearded-dragon-facts/how-big-do-bearded-dragons-get", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vsBqp_pELVM" ] }

[ "Bearded Dragon Hatchlings. Female bearded dragons lay clutches a few times a year, averaging about 20 eggs in each clutch. When the hatchlings emerge two to three months later, they are about 4 inches long and weigh less than an ounce. Within two months, they are twice their birth size. Bearded dragons reach sexual maturity between the ages of 8 months and 18 months. Determining the gender of your bearded dragon before maturity isn't easy. When grown, males are larger than females, with notably bigger heads." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Powerball live results for $500 million jackpot (Feb. 11, 2015); Watch MLive, Michigan Lottery show. Previewing tonight's $500 million Powerball jackpot MLive's John Gonzalez and Jeff Holyfield of the Michigan Lottery preview tonight's $500 million Powerball jackpot. They will have a live show at 10:40 p.m.", "The $2 Powerball is bigger and better than ever! Jackpots start at $40 million and the second tier (Match 5 +0) prize is $1 Million! To play, choose five numbers from the first field of 69 numbers and one Powerball number from the second field of 26 numbers or simply ask your lottery retailer for a Quick Pick.", "Email. Winning tickets were sold in North Carolina, Texas and Puerto Rico in Wednesday's $564 million Powerball drawing, lottery officials confirmed today. The three tickets matched the numbers 25, 11, 54, 13 and 39, with a Powerball of 19.", "LANSING, MI -- Tonight's Powerball jackpot is $500 million, and MLive will have the winning numbers when they are revealed at 11 p.m. Once again I'll be joined by Jeff Holyfield of the Michigan Lottery, and we will have the winning Powerball numbers for tonight's drawing (Feb. 11, 2015). Join the live stream at 10:40 p.m. (Live stream player below.", "The drawing is at 10:59 p.m. The cash option for tonight's $500 million jackpot is $337 million. If no one wins tonight, the Powerball jackpot is projected to increase to $650 million for Saturday's drawing, Holyfield said. The cash option would be about $439 million.", "The Powerball results are announced at approximately 11 p.m. ET. Anxious ticket holders can watch the drawing live on any of these local TV stations. The winning numbers are: 11 – 13 – 25 – 39 – 54 and the Powerball is 19. Update: Winning tickets were sold in North Carolina, Puerto Rico and Texas. The three winners will split what turned out to be a $564.1 million Powerball jackpot." ], "url": [ "http://www.mlive.com/lansing-news/index.ssf/2015/02/powerball_live_results_for_500.html", "http://txlottery.org/export/sites/lottery/Games/Powerball/", "http://abcnews.go.com/US/numbers-drawn-564m-powerball-jackpot/story?id=28907520", "http://www.mlive.com/lansing-news/index.ssf/2015/02/powerball_live_results_for_500.html", "http://www.mlive.com/lansing-news/index.ssf/2015/02/powerball_live_results_for_500.html", "http://www.inquisitr.com/1833737/powerball-winning-numbers-results-february-11-are-you-the-500-million-jackpot-winner/" ] }

[ "Email. Winning tickets were sold in North Carolina, Texas and Puerto Rico in Wednesday's $564 million Powerball drawing, lottery officials confirmed today. The three tickets matched the numbers 25, 11, 54, 13 and 39, with a Powerball of 19." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "One such myth, although it’s rarely regarded as such, is that Shakespeare was the most famous playwright of his day. He wasn’t. While Shakespeare did belong to popular troupes — the Lord Chamberlain’s Men, and later the King’s Men — his success was not unrivaled, nor unparalleled.", "No Elizabethan documents support the claim that Shakespeare's plays and poems were written by someone else, or that the actor Shakespeare was not the author Shakespeare. There is also no evidence to suggest that the name used by this man who crafted the plays, sonnets, and poems was a pseudonym.", "Shakespeare’s current status is often described as “ bardolatry ,” an excessive veneration of the man marked by elaborate myths about who he was and what he really accomplished. One of the more popular myths involves Shakespeare’s “ wildly extensive ” vocabulary and ferocious knack for coining new words.", "Done to death by slanderous tongues. So wrote William Shakespeare in his play, Much Ado About Nothing. Or did he? Even people who have never actually read Shakespeare have heard the theories: Shakespeare's plays were written by Francis Bacon! Shakespeare's plays were written by the Earl of Oxford! Shakespeare's plays were written by anyone, anyone, but William Shakespeare! Lunacy, says Patrick Cheney, Distinguished Professor of English and Comparative Literature, gesturing to the early twentieth-century inventor of the Oxford theory, J. Thomas Looney.", "Most scholars accept that William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon, and spent time acting in London before returning to Stratford, where he lived until his death in 1616.", "For hundreds of years people were perfectly content to embrace the simple logic that William Shakespeare, respected actor, poet and dramatist, was, in fact, William Shakespeare.", "William Shakespeare is arguably the most famous writer of the English language, known for both his plays and sonnets. Though much about his life remains open to debate due to incomplete evidence, the following biography consolidates the most widely-accepted facts of Shakespeare's life and career.", "In 1585, Anne bore twins, baptized Hamnet and Judith Shakespeare. Hamnet died at the age of eleven, by which time William Shakespeare was already a successful playwright. Around 1589, Shakespeare wrote Henry VI, Part 1, which is considered to be his first play.", "William Shakespeare (26 April 1564 (baptised) – 23 April 1616) was an English author who wrote 37 plays and also 2 very long poems in his lifetime. He lived in Stratford-upon-Avon, in Warwickshire, England. His plays are still performed today. He is often quoted in modern writing." ], "url": [ "http://www.salon.com/2014/12/13/the_creation_of_william_shakespeare_how_the_bard_really_became_a_legend/", "http://www.shakespeare-online.com/faq/shakepeareauthorship.html", "http://www.salon.com/2014/12/13/the_creation_of_william_shakespeare_how_the_bard_really_became_a_legend/", "http://news.psu.edu/story/141315/2008/12/01/research/probing-question-did-shakespeare-really-write-all-those-plays", "http://www.history.com/news/ask-history/did-shakespeare-really-write-his-own-plays", "http://www.shakespeare-online.com/faq/shakepeareauthorship.html", "http://www.gradesaver.com/author/shakespeare/", "http://www.gradesaver.com/author/shakespeare/", "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" ] }

[ "William Shakespeare is arguably the most famous writer of the English language, known for both his plays and sonnets. Though much about his life remains open to debate due to incomplete evidence, the following biography consolidates the most widely-accepted facts of Shakespeare's life and career." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Echocardiogram. Guide. An echocardiogram (also called an echo) is a type of ultrasound test that uses high-pitched sound waves that are sent through a device called a transducer. The device picks up echoes of the sound waves as they bounce off the different parts of your heart. Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE). This test is done to: 1 Look for the cause of abnormal heart sounds (murmurs or clicks), an enlarged heart, unexplained chest pain or pressure, shortness of breath, or irregular heartbeats. 2 Check the thickness and movement of the heart wall.", "An echocardiogram (echo) is a test that uses high frequency sound waves (ultrasound) to make pictures of your heart. The test is also called echocardiography or diagnostic cardiac ultrasound. Quick facts. 1 An echo uses sound waves to create pictures of your heart’s chambers, valves, walls and the blood vessels (aorta, arteries, veins) attached to your heart. 2 A probe called a transducer is passed over your chest. 1 If there is a tumor or infectious growth around your heart valves. 2 Problems with the outer lining of your heart (the pericardium). 3 Problems with the large blood vessels that enter and leave the heart. 4 Blood clots in the chambers of your heart. 5 Abnormal holes between the chambers of the heart. 6 An echo can’t harm you.", "This test helps your doctor diagnose heart rhythm problems and damage to your heart from a heart attack that may be underlying heart failure. Echocardiogram. An important test for diagnosing heart failure is the echocardiogram. ", "An echocardiogram uses sound waves to produce images of your heart. This commonly used test allows your doctor to see your heart beating and pumping blood. Your doctor can use the images from an echocardiogram to identify heart disease. Depending on what information your doctor needs, you may have one of several types of echocardiograms", "1 Echocardiography (echo) is a painless test that uses sound waves to create pictures of your heart. 2 This test gives your doctor information about the size and shape of your heart and how well your heart's chambers and valves are working. An echocardiogram (echo=sound + card=heart + gram=drawing) is an ultrasound test that can evaluate the structures of the heart, as well as the direction of blood flow within it.", "An echocardiogram is a test that uses ultrasound waves to examine the heart. Because it is a non-invasive test, it is a safe and painless way to help doctors diagnose a number of abnormalities of the heart. ", "Echocardiogram, often referred to as a cardiac echo or simply an echo, is a sonogram of the heart. (It is not abbreviated as ECG, an abbreviation for an electrocardiogram .) Echocardiography uses standard two-dimensional, three-dimensional, and Doppler ultrasound to create images of the heart. Not only can an echocardiogram create ultrasound images of heart structures, but it can also produce accurate assessment of the blood flowing through the heart by Doppler echocardiography, using pulsed or continuous wave Doppler ultrasound. This allows assessment of both normal and abnormal blood flow through", "Echocardiogram. An echocardiogram – also known as an echo – uses sound waves to build up a detailed picture of your heart. It is similar to the ultrasound scan used in pregnancy. ", "1 Stress echocardiogram: This is an echocardiogram that is performed while the person exercises on a treadmill or stationary bicycle. 2 This test can be used to visualize the motion of the heart's walls and pumping action when the heart is stressed. Your doctor will help determine which is best for you. 1 Transthoracic echocardiogram: This is the standard echocardiogram. 2 It is a painless test similar to X-ray, but without the radiation. 3 The procedure uses the same technology used to evaluate a baby's health before birth." ], "url": [ "http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/echocardiogram", "http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HeartAttack/SymptomsDiagnosisofHeartAttack/Echocardiogram---Echo_UCM_451485_Article.jsp", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-failure/basics/tests-diagnosis/con-20029801", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/echocardiogram/basics/definition/PRC-20013918", "http://www.medicinenet.com/echocardiogram/article.htm", "http://www.cardioconsult.com/DiagnosticTechniques/Echocardiogram.php", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echocardiography", "https://www.bhf.org.uk/heart-health/tests/echocardiogram", "http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/guide/diagnosing-echocardiogram" ] }

[ "An echocardiogram is a test that uses ultrasound waves to examine the heart. Because it is a non-invasive test, it is a safe and painless way to help doctors diagnose a number of abnormalities of the heart. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "$400 per hour. Hourly fee charged by attorney to write a patent. “Once a patent lawyer has enough information about the invention, he or she files a patent application, which takes an average of 25 hours to write and costs about $10,000.” $10,000/25 hours = $400/hour. IP attorney fees. Hours per", "In terms of total patent attorney fees, you might pay approximately $5,000 to $10,000 for a simple invention, $10,000 to $15,000 for a moderately complex invention, and $15,000+ for a complex invention. For example, a professional patent search might run you around $500 to $1,500, while getting a patentability opinion from a lawyer would cost approximately $1,000 to $2,000.", "Patent lawyer cost varies based on your geographical location and the attorney s credentials. With that in mind, you can expect to pay somewhere around $100 to $500 or more per hour, with mean hourly costs being closer to $250 to $450. In major metropolitan hours, however, patent lawyer fees could be double this amount. For example, a professional patent search might run you around $500 to $1,500, while getting a patentability opinion from a lawyer would cost approximately $1,000 to $2,000.", "It s possible to handle the bulk of the patent application yourself and only consult an attorney on specific matters. For example, a professional patent search might run you around $500 to $1,500, while getting a patentability opinion from a lawyer would cost approximately $1,000 to $2,000.", "In addition to the actual patent attorney cost, you ll also need to pay patent filing fees (individually ranging from hundreds to thousands of dollars) and drawing fees (around $75 to $150 per patent drawing). For example, a professional patent search might run you around $500 to $1,500, while getting a patentability opinion from a lawyer would cost approximately $1,000 to $2,000.", "Costs. A small entity should expect a design patent application to cost about $1,500 through filing. The $1,500 includes attorney fees of $1,120 estimated filing costs for a small entity of $380 ($190 for a micro-entity and $760 for a large entity). Patent Lifetime. A design patent has a term of 14 years from grant. Effective for patents issued on or after 19-DEC-2013, the design patent term will be 15 years.", "25 hours. Average time it takes for an attorney to write a patent. “Once a patent lawyer has enough information about the invention, he or she files a patent application, which takes an average of 25 hours to write and costs about $10,000.” $10,000/25 hours = $400/hour. IP attorney fees. Hours per", "The filing fee is $130 for a small entity and drawings typically cost $100 to $125 per page, so a high quality provisional patent application for a mechanical or electrical device can typically be prepared and filed for $2,500 to $3,000. 1 Filing fee to the USPTO for provisional patent application = $130 (small entity). 2 Nonprovisional patent application based off provisional filing = $10,000 to $12,000. 3 Filing fee to the USPTO for nonprovisional patent application = $800 to $1,25", "The complexity of the invention is a large factor in determining how much work it will take–which corresponds to the cost–to prepare a utility patent application. Below provides a estimate of the costs to prepare a patent application depending on the complexity of the invention. 1 Very simple invention – $1,500 – $2,500. 2 Simple invention – $2,500 – $3,500. 3 Medium complexity invention – $3,500 – $7,500. 4 Complex invention – $7,500 and up. ", "1 Rates for patent attorneys to prepare a patent application and defend it during the approval process range from $3,500 to $25,000 or more, depending on the complexity. 2 Attorneys fees may be based on hourly rates of $150-$400, depending on the services provided. " ], "url": [ "http://www.inventionstatistics.com/Patent_Attorney_Lawyer_Fees.html", "http://costowl.com/legal/lawyer-patent-cost.html", "http://costowl.com/legal/lawyer-patent-cost.html", "http://costowl.com/legal/lawyer-patent-cost.html", "http://costowl.com/legal/lawyer-patent-cost.html", "http://www.lventre.com/detailsdesign.html", "http://www.inventionstatistics.com/Patent_Attorney_Lawyer_Fees.html", "http://www.ipwatchdog.com/2015/04/04/the-cost-of-obtaining-a-patent-in-the-us/id=56485/", "http://www.ericksonlawgroup.com/law/patents/patentfaq/how-much-does-a-patent-cost/", "http://smallbusiness.costhelper.com/patent.html" ] }

[ "$400 per hour. Hourly fee charged by attorney to write a patent. “Once a patent lawyer has enough information about the invention, he or she files a patent application, which takes an average of 25 hours to write and costs about $10,000.” $10,000/25 hours = $400/hour. IP attorney fees. Hours per" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Name Rashmi generally means Ray of light or Sun Rays, is of Indian origin, Name Rashmi is a Unisex name, which means both Boy and Girl can have this name. Person with name Rashmi are mainly Hindu by religion. Name Rashmi belongs to rashi Tula (Libra) with dominant planet Venus (Shukra) and Nakshatra (stars) Hastha.", "Rashmi is a Sanskrit word which basically means 'ray of light'. Rashmi is a fitting name for someone who is fun-loving yet responsible, carefree yet caring when it comes to her loved ones and who is delightfully smart. Rashmi is someone who you can always count on to make you smile.", "Meaning of Rashmi. Indian name. In Indian, the name Rashmi means-a ray of light.The name Rashmi originated as an Indian name. The name Rashmi is most often used as a girl name or female name. Indian Name Meaning-a ray of light. Origin-India. Global Star Registery-Name a star after someone special!" ], "url": [ "http://www.indiachildnames.com/name.aspx?name=Rashmi", "http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=rashmi", "http://www.meaning-of-names.com/indian-names/rashmi.asp" ] }

[ "Name Rashmi generally means Ray of light or Sun Rays, is of Indian origin, Name Rashmi is a Unisex name, which means both Boy and Girl can have this name. Person with name Rashmi are mainly Hindu by religion. Name Rashmi belongs to rashi Tula (Libra) with dominant planet Venus (Shukra) and Nakshatra (stars) Hastha." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Confidence votes 45.0K. Queens is the largest borough, followed by Staten Island, Brooklyn, The Bronx, and Manhattan is the smallest. Note that the Wikipedia entry for New York City says that Brooklyn is the 2nd largest borough, and Staten Island is the 3rd largest.", "New York City is not in any one borough. Quite the opposite, in fact: the boroughs are in New York City. New York City is comprised of five boroughs: Manhattan, Queens, Brookl … yn, the Bronx, and Staten Island. The name New York City refers to all the boroughs combined.", "The Five Boroughs. New York City is made up of five boroughs: the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens and Staten Island. Each one has enough attractions—and enough personality—to be a city all its own. Learn more about them with this guide.", "New York City is comprised of five boroughs: Manhattan, Queens, Brookl … yn, the Bronx, and Staten Island. The name New York City refers to all the boroughs combined. However, sometimes when people say New York City, they are speaking only about the borough of Manhattan.", "No New York City borough fits this description. Manhattan is the smallest borough in land size, but Brooklyn has the largest population (2.5 million residents). However, Manha … ttan is the most densely populated borough (over 71,000 people per square mile).", "No New York City borough fits this description. Manhattan is the smallest borough in land size, but Brooklyn has the largest population (2.5 million residents). However, Manha … ttan is the most densely populated borough (over 71,000 people per square mile).", "Downtown Brooklyn is New York City’s largest business district outside of Manhattan, and there are a number of other important economic centers in the borough, including the Brooklyn Navy Yard, Sunset Park, Williamsburg and Greenpoint." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_biggest_to_smallest_borough_in_New_York_City", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Which_is_the_largest_borough_in_New_york_city", "http://www.nycgo.com/neighborhoods", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_biggest_to_smallest_borough_in_New_York_City", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Which_is_the_largest_borough_in_New_york_city", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_biggest_to_smallest_borough_in_New_York_City", "http://www.osc.state.ny.us/osdc/rpt4-2015.pdf" ] }

[ "Confidence votes 45.0K. Queens is the largest borough, followed by Staten Island, Brooklyn, The Bronx, and Manhattan is the smallest. Note that the Wikipedia entry for New York City says that Brooklyn is the 2nd largest borough, and Staten Island is the 3rd largest." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "How to Adjust the External Wastegate on a Turbo Turbo boost can be adjusted at the external wastegate valve. An engine turbo charger produces extra horsepower and performance in an automobile engine. It does this by pressurizing the intake air before it enters the engine for combustion. Tighten the lock nut with another wrench. Place the wastegate cover back on and install the cover retaining spring by compressing it and fitting back into the housing groove. Make sure it snaps back into position， 4，。. or pressure.", "Visited: 9614 Usability Rating: Coming Soon. Article: Below is what I recorded when I was research which wastegate I required for my T64 set-up. Contrary to popular belief, larger higher HP applications do not necessarily require the largest wastegate available. The lower the boost pressure you are gunning for the larger your wastegate needs to be.", "The Sprinter is a vehicle built by Daimler AG of Stuttgart, Germany as a van, chassis cab, minibus, and pickup truck. In the past the Sprinter has been sold under the Mercedes-Benz, Dodge, Freightliner, and Volkswagen nameplates. In the United States it is built from complete knock down (CKD) kits by Freightliner. They are now primarily marketed by Mercedes-Benz.", "An engine/turbo combination that is set to 25+psi has a smaller wastegate flow requirement than the same application set to 7 psi. This is because the wastegate is used to lower the boost not raise it, the lower the boost pressure is set the more flow the wastegate must allow. Contrary to popular belief, larger higher HP applications do not necessarily require the largest wastegate available. The lower the boost pressure you are gunning for the larger your wastegate needs to be.", "Pull the vacuum line loose and install a T-fitting to the hose， are a common way to increase efficiency and power in todays diesel powered vehicles. Most diesel vehicles produced in... How to Clean the Waste Gate of a 1999 Dodge Diesel One component that needs maintenance on a Dodge Diesel truck is the wastegate. A wastegate is a valve that relieves pressure and... Tighten the lock nut with another wrench. Place the wastegate cover back on and install the cover retaining spring by compressing it and fitting back into the housing groove. Make sure it snaps back into position， 4，。. or pressure.", "Description. The objective of a turbocharger is to improve the engine's volumetric efficiency by solving one of its cardinal limitations. A naturally aspirated automobile engine uses only the downward stroke of a piston to create an area of low pressure in order to draw air into the cylinder through the intake valves. The pressure in the atmosphere is no more than 1 atm (approximately 14.7 psi), so there ultimately will be a limit to the pressure difference across the intake valves and thus the amount of airflow entering the combustion chamber.", "Remove the actuator end link from the wastegate lever. If there is a turnbuckle with an adjusting link, do NOT adjust the piston guided actuator by turning the rod of the actuator. This will damage the rubber diaphragm inside the actuator. The knurled turnbuckle on the new end adjusting link must be used. Leave the setting pressure air supply connected to the wastegate capsule. Loosen the actuator end-link locknut. To reduce the possibility of breaking the wastegate pivot pin, use a wrench on the end link to support it while loosening and/or tightening", "A controllable butterfly valve in the exhaust pipe of a reciprocating engine equipped with a turbocharger. The valve controls the amount of exhaust gases that can be forced through the turbocharger. The valve gradually closes with height until it is rated at full-throttle or another selected value is reached when it is fully closed. At this time, all exhaust gases must pass through the turbocharger. See also butterfly valve", "An actuator is a type of motor that is responsible for moving or controlling a mechanism or system. It is operated by a source of energy, typically electric current, hydraulic fluid pressure, or pneumatic pressure, and converts that energy into motion. An actuator is the mechanism by which a control system acts upon an environment. The control system can be simple (a fixed mechanical or electronic system), software-based (e.g. a printer driver, robot control system), a human, or any other input" ], "url": [ "http://www.turbos95.com/parts/wastegate/201206/20/3562.html", "http://www.supras.com/06/techcenter/display.php?QID=77", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Sprinter", "http://www.supras.com/06/techcenter/display.php?QID=77", "http://www.turbos95.com/parts/wastegate/201206/20/3562.html", "http://www.ebay.com/itm/T04E-T3-T4-63-TURBO-TURBOCHARGER-COMPRESSOR-300-HP-W-INTERNAL-WASTEGATE-V-BAND-/170717412795", "http://www.justanswer.com/heavy-equipment/2gmhh-adjust-cummins-isx600-turbo-wastegate-specs.html", "http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Wastegate", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actuator" ] }

[ "Pull the vacuum line loose and install a T-fitting to the hose， are a common way to increase efficiency and power in todays diesel powered vehicles. Most diesel vehicles produced in... How to Clean the Waste Gate of a 1999 Dodge Diesel One component that needs maintenance on a Dodge Diesel truck is the wastegate. A wastegate is a valve that relieves pressure and... Tighten the lock nut with another wrench. Place the wastegate cover back on and install the cover retaining spring by compressing it and fitting back into the housing groove. Make sure it snaps back into position， 4，。. or pressure." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Directions: 1. Cut pork in 2-inch strips with the grain. Bring water to a boil add pork and cook, uncovered, 10 minutes. Drain, discarding liquid. Let meat cool, then cut against the grain in 1/4-inch slices. 2. Peel taro cut in l4-inch slices, then in 1 1/2-inch cubes. Stir-fry a few times. Add pork and stir-fry to heat through (about 1 minute). Stir in sherry until it evaporates. 5. Add red bean cheese mixture and stir-fry until pork is completely coated.", "Thrice cooked chips, however, have to be cooked three separate times. It cannot be one longer/hotter cook. Using Thrice is more descriptive, and in order to be completely understood, you should use thrice. If you want to sell chips, do some market surveys of your target audience and go with the majority.", "Twice cooked pork (simplified Chinese: 回锅肉; traditional Chinese: 回鍋肉; pinyin: Hui Huí Guō; Rou: ròu jyutping; wui4 wo1yuk6 literally return; pot meat also called double) cooked pork is-a Well-known Sichuan style. chinese dish The dish's ingredients include pork, which is simmered then sliced and stir fried, and commonly stir fried vegetables such as cabbage, bell peppers, onions, or scallions with a sauce that may include Shaoxing rice wine, Hoisin sauce, soy sauce, sugar, ginger, chili bean paste and tianmianjiang bean paste.", "Full Definition of RICE. : the starchy seeds of an annual southeast Asian cereal grass (Oryza sativa) that are cooked and used for food; also: this cereal grass that is widely cultivated in warm climates for its seeds and by-products — compare wild rice. See rice defined for English-language learners. See rice defined for kids. ADVERTISEMENT", "Thrice cooked is a bit archaic. Correct English would be Triply cooked in my opinion. Triple cooked cookies rather sounds like triple cookies rather than triply cooked. Using Thrice is more descriptive, and in order to be completely understood, you should use thrice. If you want to sell chips, do some market surveys of your target audience and go with the majority.", "Turkish coffee (Turkish: Tuerk türk, kahvesi Or armenian, coffee Or arabic, coffee Or greek, coffee Or cypriot) coffee is a method of preparing unfiltered. Coffee roasted and then finely ground coffee beans are boiled in a (pot), cezve usually with, sugar and served in a cup where the grounds are allowed to. settle It is called Arabic coffee (qahwa ‘arabiyya, قهوة عربية). Constructions such as Egyptian coffee, Syrian coffee, Lebanese coffee, and Iraqi coffee draw a distinction in the flavor, preparation, or presentation of different kinds of Turkish coffee.", "The process of cooking twice cooked pork involves first simmering pork belly steaks in water with spices, e.g. slices of ginger, cloves, star anise, jujubes and salt. After refrigeration to firm the meat, next it is then cut into thin slices. The dish's ingredients include pork, which is simmered then sliced and stir fried, and commonly stir fried vegetables such as cabbage, bell peppers, onions, or scallions with a sauce that may include Shaoxing rice wine, Hoisin sauce, soy sauce, sugar, ginger, chili bean paste and tianmianjiang bean paste." ], "url": [ "http://www.dvo.com/recipe_pages/china/Thrice-Cooked_Pork.php", "http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/186043/thrice-or-triple", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twice_cooked_pork", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/rice", "http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/186043/thrice-or-triple", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_coffee", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twice_cooked_pork" ] }

[ "Thrice cooked chips, however, have to be cooked three separate times. It cannot be one longer/hotter cook. Using Thrice is more descriptive, and in order to be completely understood, you should use thrice. If you want to sell chips, do some market surveys of your target audience and go with the majority." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "By Jo Jakobsen, NTNU. Neorealism – or structural realism – is the bedrock theory of International Relations. Starting from a simple set of assumptions, it seeks to explain how states, in particular the most powerful ones, behave, and how they interact with each other on the international arena. Neorealism – or structural realism – is a theory of international politics.", "This chapter examines Ontic Structural Realism (OSR) and its relationship with the philosophy of physics. OSR is the view that the world has an objective modal structure that is ontologically fundamental, in the sense of not supervening on the intrinsic properties of a set of individuals. ", "Neorealism or structural realism is a theory of international relations first outlined by Kenneth Waltz in his 1979 book Theory of International Politics. Neorealism emerged from the North American discipline of political science, and reformulates the classical realist tradition of E.H. Carr, Hans Morgenthau, and Reinhold Niebuhr. Realists in general argue that power is the most important factor in international relations.", "Neorealism is often called “structural realism,” which signifies that the theory primarily centers on the effects of the structure of the international system when it seeks to explain outcomes in international politics. Starting from a simple set of assumptions, it seeks to explain how states, in particular the most powerful ones, behave, and how they interact with each other on the international arena. Neorealism – or structural realism – is a theory of", "Structural Realism builds on Realism continuing Waltz's argument that the international system acts to regulate the behavior of states. Structural Realism says that the structure in which states exist determines behavior, and the world is structured in such a way that Realism applies. The key lesson that we can draw from Structural Realism is that institutions can be changed. Whether on a local, national, or international level institutions, governments, ect. are created by people in order to be tools.", "Structural realism is considered by many realists and antirealists alike as the most defensible form of scientific realism. There are now many forms of structural realism and an extensive literature about them. Ontic structural realists argue that what we have learned from contemporary physics is that the nature of space, time and matter are not compatible with standard metaphysical views about the ontological relationship between individuals, intrinsic properties and relations.", "Modified Structural Realism [edit]. Modified Structural Realism is the result of an effort by Robert O. Keohane to improve the theories of Classical and Structural Realism adding some basic assumptions from Idealist theories. Key assumptions: 1 Sovereign states are the principal actors in the international system. The Premises of Structural Realism [edit]. Structural Realism usually begins with the following assumptions: 1 that the international system is anarchic; that is, there is no credible power above the states that compromise the system. 2 that states cannot be certain of the intentions of other states.", "There is an analogy here with the theory of universals and the problem of exemplification. A similar complaint is made by Cao (2003a and 2003b). Esfeld (2013) uses this objection in the context of the interpretation of quantum mechanics to pose a dilemma for ontic structural realism. Ontic structural realists argue that what we have learned from contemporary physics is that the nature of space, time and matter are not compatible with standard metaphysical views about the ontological relationship between individuals, intrinsic properties and relations.", "Abstract. In recent years a doctrine known as ontic structural realism (OSR) has achieved a degree of notoriety, but many people remain confused as to what exactly the doctrine amounts. This is because, “following moderate structural realism, the relations and the objects that stand in the relations are on the same ontological footing and are also conceptually interdependent ” (Esfeld & Lam, 2008, p. 37, my emphasis).", "Structural realism is often characterised as the view that scientific theories tell us only about the form or structure of the unobservable world and not about its nature. This leaves open the question as to whether the natures of things are posited to be unknowable for some reason or eliminated altogether. Ontic structural realists argue that what we have learned from contemporary physics is that the nature of space, time and matter are not compatible with standard metaphysical views about the ontological relationship between individuals, intrinsic properties and relations." ], "url": [ "http://www.popularsocialscience.com/2013/11/06/neorealism-in-international-relations-kenneth-waltz/", "http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199276196.001.0001/acprof-9780199276196-chapter-3", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neorealism_(international_relations)", "http://www.popularsocialscience.com/2013/11/06/neorealism-in-international-relations-kenneth-waltz/", "http://www.lgillheeney.com/2013/02/test.html", "http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/structural-realism/", "https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Structural_realism", "http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/structural-realism/", "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1355219809000604", "http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/structural-realism/" ] }

[ "Neorealism or structural realism is a theory of international relations first outlined by Kenneth Waltz in his 1979 book Theory of International Politics. Neorealism emerged from the North American discipline of political science, and reformulates the classical realist tradition of E.H. Carr, Hans Morgenthau, and Reinhold Niebuhr. Realists in general argue that power is the most important factor in international relations." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "verb officiate, chair, moderate, be chairperson He presided at the closing ceremony. preside over something or someone run, lead, head, control, manage, direct, conduct, govern, administer, supervise, be at the head of, be in authority The question of who should preside over the next full commission was being debated.", "Full Definition of PRESIDE. intransitive verb. 1. : to exercise guidance, direction, or control. 2. a: to occupy the place of authority: act as president, chairman, or moderator b: to occupy a position similar to that of a president or chairman. 3. — pre·sid·er noun. See preside defined for English-language learners.", "Full Definition of PRESIDENT. 1. : an official chosen to preside over a meeting or assembly. 2. : an appointed governor of a subordinate political unit. 3. : the chief officer of an organization (as a corporation or institution) usually entrusted with the direction and administration of its policies. 4.", "intransitive verb. 1 To hold the position of authority; act as chairperson or president: presided over the department for a year. 2 To possess or exercise authority or control: preside at a meeting. 3 Music To be the featured instrumental performer: presided at the keyboard.", "preside over something or someone run, lead, head, control, manage, direct, conduct, govern, administer, supervise, be at the head of, be in authority The question of who should preside over the next full commission was being debated." ], "url": [ "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/preside", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/preside", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/president", "http://www.yourdictionary.com/preside", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/presided" ] }

[ "intransitive verb. 1 To hold the position of authority; act as chairperson or president: presided over the department for a year. 2 To possess or exercise authority or control: preside at a meeting. 3 Music To be the featured instrumental performer: presided at the keyboard." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "If you have known cardiovascular disease, optimal lipid management calls for your low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to be less than 100, total cholesterol less than 200, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) greater than 40. Your goal -- the ideal cholesterol numbers -- are a bit of a moving target, but current medical guidelines call for total cholesterol of under 200. Good cholesterol (HDL) should be above 40 for men and above 50 for women. Bad cholesterol (LDL) needs to be as close to 70 as possible.", "Total cholesterol level. 1 Less than 200 is best. 2 200 to 239 is borderline high. 3 240 or more means you're at increased risk for heart disease. LDL cholesterol levels. 1 Below 100 is ideal for people who have a higher risk of heart disease. 2 100 to 129 is near optimal. 3 130 to 159 is borderline high. 4 160 or more means you're at a higher", "HDL (good) cholesterol protects against heart disease, so for HDL, higher numbers are better. A level less than 40 mg/dL is low and is considered a major risk factor because it increases your risk for developing heart disease. HDL levels of 60 mg/dL or more help to lower your risk for heart disease. ", "For example, if your total cholesterol level is high because of a high LDL level, you may be at higher risk of heart disease or stroke. But, if your total cholesterol level is high only because of a high HDL level, you're probably not at higher risk. LDL cholesterol levels. 1 Below 100 is ideal for people who have a higher risk of heart disease. 2 100 to 129 is near optimal. 3 130 to 159 is borderline high. 4 160 or more means you're at a higher risk for", "Total blood (or serum) cholesterol. Your total cholesterol score is calculated using the following equation: HDL + LDL + 20 percent of your triglyceride level. HDL (good) cholesterol. With HDL cholesterol, higher levels are better. Low HDL cholesterol puts you at higher risk for heart disease. Your total cholesterol and HDL (good) cholesterol are among numerous factors your doctor can use to predict your lifetime or 10-year risk for a heart attack or stroke. View an animation of cholesterol score. Your test report will show your cholesterol levels in milligrams per deciliter of blood (mg/dL).", "The American Heart Association recommends that your total cholesterol should be less than 200 mg/dL, but what they do not tell you is that total cholesterol level is just about worthless in determining your risk for heart disease, unless it is above 300. ", "Your total cholesterol level is Borderline High, but fortunately your level of bad LDL cholesterol is optimal. This could mean you have a high level of high-density lipoprotein, or good HDL cholesterol, which protects against heart disease. The HDL helps keep your LDL level in check. Ask your doctor for your HDL level. If your HDL is low, increasing your physical activity can increase it, which may help reduce your LDL level. Your total cholesterol level is in the Desirable range, but your level of bad LDL cholesterol is Very High.", "Your total cholesterol level is in the Desirable range, but your level of bad LDL cholesterol is Very High. This may mean that your level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), or good cholesterol, is too low. If your LDL is 190 or more, it is considered very high. Your doctor will most likely recommend a statin in addition to making healthy lifestyle choices. Statins are medicines that can help lower cholesterol levels. You may also need to take a statin even though your LDL level is lower than 190.", "Your total cholesterol level is in the Desirable range, but your level of bad LDL cholesterol is High. This may mean that your level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), or good cholesterol, is too low. It is best to have a high level of good HDL and a low level of bad LDL. If your LDL is 190 or more, it is considered very high. Your doctor will most likely recommend a statin in addition to making healthy lifestyle choices. Statins are medicines that can help lower cholesterol levels. You may also need to take a statin even though your LDL level is lower than 190.", "Cholesterol levels should be measured at least once every five years in everyone over age 20. The screening test that is usually performed is a blood test called a lipid profile. Experts recommend that men ages 35 and older and women ages 45 and older be more frequently screened for lipid disorders. If your LDL is 190 or more, it is considered very high. Your doctor will most likely recommend a statin in addition to making healthy lifestyle choices. Statins are medicines that can help lower cholesterol levels. You may also need to take a statin even though your LDL level is lower than 190." ], "url": [ "https://www.sharecare.com/health/cholesterol/what-should-my-total-cholesterol-level-be", "http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/high-cholesterol.html", "http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/resources/heart/heart-cholesterol-hbc-what-html", "http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/high-cholesterol.html", "http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Cholesterol/AboutCholesterol/What-Your-Cholesterol-Levels-Mean_UCM_305562_Article.jsp", "http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2010/08/10/making-sense-of-your-cholesterol-numbers.aspx", "http://www.webmd.com/cholesterol-management/guide/understanding-numbers?page=2", "http://www.webmd.com/cholesterol-management/guide/understanding-numbers", "http://www.webmd.com/cholesterol-management/guide/understanding-numbers", "http://www.webmd.com/cholesterol-management/guide/understanding-numbers" ] }

[ "Total cholesterol level. 1 Less than 200 is best. 2 200 to 239 is borderline high. 3 240 or more means you're at increased risk for heart disease. LDL cholesterol levels. 1 Below 100 is ideal for people who have a higher risk of heart disease. 2 100 to 129 is near optimal. 3 130 to 159 is borderline high. 4 160 or more means you're at a higher" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Marco lived in China for many years and learned to speak the language. He traveled throughout China as a messenger and spy for Kublai Khan. He even traveled far to the south to where Myanmar and Vietnam are today. During these visits he learned about different cultures, foods, cities, and peoples. He saw many places and things that no one from Europe had ever seen before. Marco Polo was a merchant and explorer who traveled throughout the Far East and China for much of his life. His stories were the basis for what much of Europe knew about Ancient China for many years. He lived from 1254 to 1324.", "I googled “ Mongolian Empire ” and found one. Marco Polo arrives on the scene when Kublai Khan is in the midst of civil war with his brother, and while he is campaigning to conquer the Song Dynasty – the last walled stronghold in China. It’s kind of an exciting time to be in Mongolia. ", "Engraving of Marco Polo, who traveled from Venice to the court of the Mongol emperor Kublai Khan in Yuan China in the thirteenth century. ", "View full size image. Marco Polo was one of the first and most famous Europeans to travel to Asia during the Middle Ages. He traveled farther than any of his predecessors during his 24-year journey along the Silk Road, reaching China and Mongolia, where he became a confidant of Kublai Khan. The story of his journey is told in Il Milione (The Million), commonly called The Travels of Marco Polo.. Finally, the Polos reached Beijing and met Kublai Khan at the summer palace, Xanadu, a glorious marble and gold structure that enchanted young Marco. The Khan happily received the Polos. He invited them to stay and for Niccolo and Maffeo to become part of his court.", "While Marco and Kublai are discussing Marco's father's punishment, a poison dart comes out of nowhere and strikes the Khan in the neck. As he collapses and passes out, a group of black-masked assassins barge in and start a fight. Marco manages to defend the Khan until a warrior named Byamba and Hundred Eyes arrive. ", "[ˈmarko ˈpɔːlo] ; September 15, 1254 – January 8–9, 1324) was an Italian merchant traveller whose travels are recorded in Livres des merveilles du monde (Book of the Marvels of the World, also known as The Travels of Marco Polo, c. 1300), a book that introduced Europeans to Central Asia and China. He died in 1324 and was buried in the church of San Lorenzo in Venice. Marco Polo was not the first European to reach China (see Europeans in Medieval China), but he was the first to leave a detailed chronicle of his experience. This book inspired Christopher Columbus and many other travellers", "A few months before Marco Polo was born in 1254, his father Niccolo and uncle Maffeo left Italy on a trading excursion to Asia. The brothers returned to Venice in 1269, and it was only then that 15-year-old Marco finally met Niccolo, the father he never knew he had. ", "Italian Trader at the Court of Kublai Khan. At the height of the Mongol Empire, Marco Polo served Emperor Kublai Khan in China and returned to Venice to write an account of his experiences that would give Europeans some of their earliest information about China. ", "In 1251, Kublai's eldest brother Moengke möngke Became khan of The Mongol, empire And Khwarizmian Mahmud yalavach And kublai were sent To. China kublai received the viceroyalty Over North china and moved his ordo to Central Inner. mongolia Kublai was the fourth son of Tolui (his second son with Sorghaghtani Beki) and a grandson of Genghis Khan." ], "url": [ "http://www.ducksters.com/biography/marco_polo.php", "http://decider.com/2014/12/10/whats-marco-polo/", "http://asianhistory.about.com/od/china/p/Biography-of-Marco-Polo.htm", "http://www.livescience.com/27513-marco-polo.html", "http://www.fashionnstyle.com/articles/39490/20150107/marco-polo-2015-recap-traitor-kublais-court-marco-tries-save-khan-from-dreaded-hashshashin-ruler-survive-attack-spoilers.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Polo", "http://www.history.com/news/history-lists/11-things-you-may-not-know-about-marco-polo", "https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/big-history-project/expansion-interconnection/exploration-interconnection/a/marco-polo", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kublai_Khan" ] }

[ "View full size image. Marco Polo was one of the first and most famous Europeans to travel to Asia during the Middle Ages. He traveled farther than any of his predecessors during his 24-year journey along the Silk Road, reaching China and Mongolia, where he became a confidant of Kublai Khan. The story of his journey is told in Il Milione (The Million), commonly called The Travels of Marco Polo.. Finally, the Polos reached Beijing and met Kublai Khan at the summer palace, Xanadu, a glorious marble and gold structure that enchanted young Marco. The Khan happily received the Polos. He invited them to stay and for Niccolo and Maffeo to become part of his court." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 You can definitely get breakfast for well under $18 per person. 2 Check out these tips for saving money on breakfasts in Hawaii. 3 Lunch – average of $20 per person, which would be $40 per couple. 4 Again, this is basing the cost on resort hotel restaurant prices.", "As a rough round number, I think estimating $70 per person per day is doable without skimping too much or overdoing it. (See our tips for saving money on dining and meals in Hawaii .) That would be $15 for breakfast, $15 for lunch, and $40 for dinner.", "Average grocery expenses for me and my wife are around $350 a month. We eat meat once a week at most, so the bulk of the cost is in veges and fresh fruits. Add to it an average of $120 a month for eating out (about once a week).", "There is something definitely wrong with your food expenses if they are more than your rent. In my mind a budget of $500/month which is about $16/day for two or $8/day individually is something to shoot for. But I think that food expenses are food and beverage expenses.", "Accommodations. The cost of accommodations mostly vary based on the type of property – budget to luxury. (In our many trips to Hawaii, we’ve paid as little as $150 per night to as much as $525 or more.) For first quarter 2015, the statewide Hawaii hotel rate was $252 per night.", "1 Breakfast – average of $18 per person based on ordering breakfast in a resort from an a la carte breakfast menu. 2 So the total cost per couple would be $36. 3 You can definitely get breakfast for well under $18 per person. 4 Check out these tips for saving money on breakfasts in Hawaii.", "According to the latest hotel data, the average cost of a hotel room in Hawaii is $199 per night. For reference, we paid $150 per night for a nicely furnished, fully equipped, two-bedroom condo on the luxurious Kohala Coast of Hawaii’s Big Island less than two months ago." ], "url": [ "http://www.govisithawaii.com/2008/05/06/how-much-money-should-you-budget-for-a-hawaii-vacation/", "http://www.govisithawaii.com/2012/08/29/how-much-for-a-trip-to-hawaii-budget-calculator/", "http://www.yelp.com/topic/honolulu-how-much-do-you-spend-on-food-in-a-month", "http://www.yelp.com/topic/honolulu-how-much-do-you-spend-on-food-in-a-month", "http://www.govisithawaii.com/2012/08/29/how-much-for-a-trip-to-hawaii-budget-calculator/", "http://www.govisithawaii.com/2008/05/06/how-much-money-should-you-budget-for-a-hawaii-vacation/", "http://www.govisithawaii.com/2008/05/06/how-much-money-should-you-budget-for-a-hawaii-vacation/" ] }

[ "There is something definitely wrong with your food expenses if they are more than your rent. In my mind a budget of $500/month which is about $16/day for two or $8/day individually is something to shoot for. But I think that food expenses are food and beverage expenses." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Physical properties are those that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance. The general properties of matter such as color, density, hardness, are examples of physical properties. Properties that describe how a substance changes into a completely different substance are called chem", "Density is a physical property and not a chemical property because density changes with respect to change in the states of matter. In Solid, Liquid and Gas respectively, t … he density changes. For example, water, ice and water vapour have different densities.", "A change in density may accompany a Physical change. When liquid water becomes solid water, the solid water FLOATS; (is less dense) on top of its liquid form. Density itself is a physical property, not a change.", "Chemical Change: A chemical change is a reaction that transforms (changes) a substance into a new substance or substances with different properties. Physical Change: No new su … bstances are made. It is fairly easy to reverse this kind of change. An example would be dissolving salt in water.", "A chemical property is a characteristic of a pure substance that describes its ability to change into different substances. For example, a chemical property of methane is that it can catch fire and burn in air. Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter.", "Split and merge into it. Answer by Christinalove12. Confidence votes 214. Density is classified as a physical property because the density of a substance can change when the substance changes state. Example: When water evaporates it is a physical change and the density changes. A chemical property is a property that describes its ability to react chemically with other substances and THEREFORE density is not a chemical property." ], "url": [ "https://www.nde-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Materials/Physical_Chemical/PhysicalProperties.htm", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Is_density_classified_as_a_chemical_property_or_a_physical_property", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Is_density_a_physical_change_or_chemical_change", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Is_density_a_physical_change_or_chemical_change", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Is_density_classified_as_a_chemical_property_or_a_physical_property", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Is_density_classified_as_a_chemical_property_or_a_physical_property" ] }

[ "Density is a physical property and not a chemical property because density changes with respect to change in the states of matter. In Solid, Liquid and Gas respectively, t … he density changes. For example, water, ice and water vapour have different densities." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The cerebral peduncles (also known as the cerebral crus) are the part of the midbrain that link the remainder of the brainstem to the thalami and thereby, the cerebrum. They are the most anterior structure in the midbrain and contain the large ascending and descending tracts that run to and from", "Thus, the inputs to the cerebellum are conveyed primarily through the inferior and middle cerebellar peduncles, whereas the outputs are conveyed primarily through the superior cerebellar peduncle. The inputs arise from the ipsilateral side of the body, and the outputs also go to the ipsilateral side of the body.", "Formerly called caudal cerebellar peduncle. middle cerebellar peduncle a large bundle of projection fibers originating in the contralateral pontine nuclei and entering the cerebellum, conveying impulses from the cerebral cortex to the neocerebellum. pineal peduncle habenula (def. 2).", "The cerebellum is connected to the brainstem by three cerebellar peduncles: 1) the inferior cerebellar peduncle (restiform body and juxtrarestiform body) 2) the middle cerebellar peduncle (brachium pontis), and 3) the superior peduncle (brachium conjunctivum) (1).", "A cerebellar peduncle is a nerve tract that permits communication between the cerebellum and the other parts of the central nervous system. Three pairs of cerebellar peduncles conduct this communication. The inferior peduncles bring sensory information about the actual position of body parts such as limbs and joints.", "A few enter via the superior cerebellar peduncle. Afferent fibers are far more numerous that efferent fibers by a ratio of 40:1 (3). The cortico-ponto-cerebellar pathway, composed of the corticopontine tract and the pontocerebellar tract, is major afferent fibers through the middle" ], "url": [ "http://radiopaedia.org/articles/cerebral-peduncles", "http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s3/chapter05.html", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cerebral+peduncle", "http://www.asnr.org/neurographics/projects/ForReviewers/Moritani_Cereb_Peduncle/cereb_peduncle.doc", "http://www.innerbody.com/image_nerv02/nerv62-new.html", "http://www.asnr.org/neurographics/projects/ForReviewers/Moritani_Cereb_Peduncle/cereb_peduncle.doc" ] }

[ "The cerebral peduncles (also known as the cerebral crus) are the part of the midbrain that link the remainder of the brainstem to the thalami and thereby, the cerebrum. They are the most anterior structure in the midbrain and contain the large ascending and descending tracts that run to and from" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The Galapagos Galápagos islands and their surrounding waters form The Galapagos galápagos Province, of Ecuador The Galapagos, galápagos national Park And The. Galapagos galápagos marine reserve the principal language On. The islands is spanish the islands have a 25,000. of slightly over 25000 The Galapagos Galápagos islands first appeared on the, maps Of Gerardus mercator And Abraham, ortelius in about. 1570 the islands were Named insulae de Los (Galopegos islands of The) tortoises in reference to the giant tortoises found. there", "The Galapagos Galápagos & Islands. Ecuador ecuador puts new meaning behind the, “saying good things come in small.” Packages in terms of, flora fauna and opportunities for viewing unique local, wildlife This South american country runs the. gamut In Quito, Cotopaxi, and the Andes are amazing, and in Galapagos we saw erupting volcanoes, solid lava flows, beautiful islands, and turquoise waters. In Quito, the culture is extraordinary. It's also a great place to practice Spanish. In the market Otavalo, you can get something priced 25 dollars for only 12!", "The Galapagos Galápagos & Islands. Ecuador ecuador puts new meaning behind the, “saying good things come in small.” Packages in terms of, flora fauna and opportunities for viewing unique local, wildlife This South american country runs the. Gamut journey To quito for a taste Of ecuadorean culture And spanish colonial. history In Quito, Cotopaxi, and the Andes are amazing, and in Galapagos we saw erupting volcanoes, solid lava flows, beautiful islands, and turquoise waters. In Quito, the culture is extraordinary. It's also a great place to practice Spanish. In the market Otavalo, you can get something priced 25 dollars for only 12!", "The scenery in both Quito and Galapagos is absolutely stunning. In Quito, Cotopaxi, and the Andes are amazing, and in Galapagos we saw erupting volcanoes, solid lava flows, beautiful islands, and turquoise waters. In Quito, the culture is extraordinary. It's also a great place to practice Spanish. In the market Otavalo, you can get something priced 25 dollars for only 12!", "The Galapagos Galápagos islands and their surrounding waters form The Galapagos galápagos Province, of Ecuador The Galapagos, galápagos national Park And The. galapagos galápagos marine reserve The Galapagos Galápagos islands first appeared on the, maps Of Gerardus mercator And Abraham, ortelius in about. 1570 the islands were Named insulae de Los (Galopegos islands of The) tortoises in reference to the giant tortoises found. there", "The Galapagos Archipelago is also a province of Ecuador, whose capital is Puerto Baquerizo Moreno, on the island of San Cristobal. Puerto Ayora, on the island of Santa Cruz, is the city with the highest tourist activity. The islands total population including floating population is around 16,109 inhabitants. In 1892, the Galapagos are given their official name of Archipielago archipiélago De, colon colón reason for which some isles have at least two. Different names During The Second, world WAR the us leased the Islands from ecuador for the duration of the war and built a military Base in baltra where they remained. until 1948", "We invite you to explore our pre-designed Ecuador and Galapagos Holiday Adventures vacation packages and select your favorite. For a custom-designed one-of-a-kind vacation program call us, toll free: 888.601.8411, send us an Email, or fill the blanks in our Ecuador and Galapagos Islands Vacation Planner. Your next Ecuador and Galapagos Holiday Adventure awaits and we’ve made it simple for you: Choose the Galapagos vacation program that better suits your interests, likes, wants, and budget. Either way, a cruise or a hotel-based experiential journey in the Galapagos Islands will be a once-in-a-lifetime experience!", "Geography. The Galapagos Archipelago is located on both sides of the equatorial line approximately 970 km (600 miles) west from continental Ecuador. Local time is -6 GMT. It is formed by thirteen greater islands, six smaller islands, 42 islets and several rocks, which cover a total area of 7,850 km². In 1892, the Galapagos are given their official name of Archipielago archipiélago De, colon colón reason for which some isles have at least two. Different names During The Second, world WAR the us leased the Islands from ecuador for the duration of the war and built a military Base in baltra where they remained. until 1948", "From the Galapagos Islands, far out in the Pacific Ocean, to the Pacific coast, to the snow-capped Andes Mountains and volcano alley, to the world's largest rainforest, the Amazon basin, Ecuador's natural beauty, diverse population, and fascinating history make it an incredible travel destination. Ecuador has it all! Ecuador has it all! We invite you to join us in Ecuador and discover for yourself all the amazing opportunities Ecuador has to offer. Important things not to miss on your trip to Ecuador: Learn Spanish or Quichua, the language of Ecuador's largest indigenous group.", "Galapagos Islands-A Unique UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve. The beautiful, mysterious Galapagos Islands are situated a mere 600 miles west of the Ecuadorian Coast. The island group was declared a World Heritage Site in 1978 and subsequently a World Biosphere Reserve in 1985 by UNESCO. The Galapagos Islands flourish with a wide variety of amazing animals and different species. The Galapagos Islands originated from lava eruptions that came from the bottom of the ocean and rose as much as 2600 feet above sea level. Some of the younger islands still have active volcanoes." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_Islands", "http://www.goaheadtours.com/ecu/the-galapagos-islands-ecuador", "http://www.goaheadtours.com/ecu/the-galapagos-islands-ecuador", "http://www.goaheadtours.com/ecu/the-galapagos-islands-ecuador", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_Islands", "http://galapagos-ecuador.com/galapagos-islands.html", "http://galapagosholidayadventures.com/", "http://galapagos-ecuador.com/galapagos-islands.html", "http://www.galapagosislands.com/ecuador-tours/ecuador-extention-tours.html", "http://www.ecuador.com/galapagos-islands/" ] }

[ "From the Galapagos Islands, far out in the Pacific Ocean, to the Pacific coast, to the snow-capped Andes Mountains and volcano alley, to the world's largest rainforest, the Amazon basin, Ecuador's natural beauty, diverse population, and fascinating history make it an incredible travel destination. Ecuador has it all! Ecuador has it all! We invite you to join us in Ecuador and discover for yourself all the amazing opportunities Ecuador has to offer. Important things not to miss on your trip to Ecuador: Learn Spanish or Quichua, the language of Ecuador's largest indigenous group." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The goal of this article is to make clear the correct meaning of “La ilaha illa Allah” so that the Muslim knows the meaning of the word of Tawheed, to abide by it and call others to it. - Al-Qurtubi (d. 671 H.) : His saying-Exalted be He-: {La ilaha illa Huwa} is negation and affirmation. Its first part is kufr (disbelief, saying La Ilaha only) and its last part is Iman. (belief, by completing the whole statement), and its meaning is 'none is worshiped except Allah'. (16).", "Origin of-ILLA. New Latin, alteration of Latin-ella. This word doesn't usually appear in our free dictionary, but the definition from our premium Unabridged Dictionary is offered here on a limited basis. Note that some information is displayed differently in the Unabridged. To access the complete Unabridged Dictionary, with an additional 300,000 words that aren't in our free dictionary, start a free trial", "Illa /il-la/ [2 sylls.] as a girls' name. Illa's root is Hebrew, and the meaning of Illa is tree. Illa is a version of Ilana (Hebrew). Illi is a common surname. Illa has 11 different forms via Ilana: Elana, Elanit, Eleana, Eleanna, Ilane, Ilania, Ilanit, Ileana, Ileanna, Iliana and Ilianna. Illa is a somewhat prominent first name for women (#3806 out of 4276, Top 89%) and an even more prominent surname for both adults and children (#65862 out of 150436, Top 44%). (2000 U.S. Census). Below is a charted analysis of the usage of the girl name Illa and corresponding names", "L'illa Diagonal, history of the shopping mall of Barcelona Diagonal. Due to its size, the complex of L'illa Diagonal was known at first as the Superblock: the extent of the area occupied and the impact on the city resulting from the construction of the complex, required an international consultation for ideas. The works began in 1990 and the existing buildings were demolished; on 1 December 1993 the complex was officially opened. L'illa Diagonal complex was the first of the half dozen office and commercial centres to be opened in Barcelona in the nineties. On November 2006 L'illa Diagonal enlarges its commercial area in 4.000m2 with 17 new shops and a new hotel with 308 rooms. Furthermore, this enlargement has enabled to open a new pedestrian entrance to the building through Deu i Mata street", "The 2012 ILLA Conference should be a relaxing and rejuvenating experience as we prepare to make a difference in the lives of those with whom we interact. The conference fee is $50 and will include 2 dinners, 2 breakfasts and one lunch. Dear friends, There is only one more week until the 2012 Idaho lifelong learning conference begins. Terry Yackley just completed the finalschedule for the conference (what a yeoman’s effort). There are many great presentations planned for this year’s conference, and I am excited to learnfrom my colleagues once again.", "The Arabic word illa is a negative word corresponding to the English except, only and but [1] . It is an often reacurring phrase in the Qur'an, often used to give strength to statements by first negating all possibilities, and then referring to a subject. For example, in the Islamic Creed (Arabic: Shahadah ‎): Arabic text: أشهد أن لا إله إلاَّ لله ، وأشهد أن محمد رسول الل", "Illa is a karma vendor at Skarti's Steading in Hoelbrak who sells tier 1 Norn cultural weapons for 9,800. The weapons have a required level of 40. ", "- It is the Word of Tawheed and Sincerity (Ikhlas) , which all the prophets have called to, from Adam to our Prophet Muhammad [Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam] , Allah Most High said-translation of the meaning-: {And We have sent not a messenger before you but We reveal to him La ilaha illa Ana so worship Me} [21: 25]. - Al-Qurtubi (d. 671 H.) : His saying-Exalted be He-: {La ilaha illa Huwa} is negation and affirmation. Its first part is kufr (disbelief, saying La Ilaha only) and its last part is Iman. (belief, by completing the whole statement), and its meaning is 'none is worshiped except Allah'. (16)." ], "url": [ "http://www.as-salaf.com/article.php?aid=53&lang=en", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/-illa", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/0/Illa", "http://www.lilla.com/en/lilla/what-is-lilla-diagonal", "https://idlla.wordpress.com/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illa_(Arabic)", "http://wiki.guildwars2.com/wiki/Illa", "http://www.as-salaf.com/article.php?aid=53&lang=en" ] }

[ "The Arabic word illa is a negative word corresponding to the English except, only and but [1] . It is an often reacurring phrase in the Qur'an, often used to give strength to statements by first negating all possibilities, and then referring to a subject. For example, in the Islamic Creed (Arabic: Shahadah ‎): Arabic text: أشهد أن لا إله إلاَّ لله ، وأشهد أن محمد رسول الل" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Chemical Peels and Your Skin. Chemical peels can improve the skin 's appearance. In this treatment, a chemical solution is applied to the skin, which makes it blister and eventually peel off. The new skin is usually smoother and less wrinkled than the old skin. Chemical peels can be done on the face, neck, or hands", "Report Abuse. First of all, when you get sunburned DO NOT peel it off. Make sure to put aloe on the burn(s) and let it take effect. Once the aloe has had enough time (I'm talking days here...apply three to four times a day!) to help the burn to heel, you should have a tan within about four to five days. Best Answer: When you peel off the top layer of skin, all you are doing is taking off the top dead layer of dried up skin, due to the sun.", "1 Use skin moisturizer. 2 Because your skin is dry, choose a cream or lotion with aloe to help soothe your skin. 3 Most moisturizers on the market accomplish the task of moisturizing your skin, so find one that feels luxurious rather than irritating. 4 Stay hydrated. 1 Use a cool or cold compress against your skin (press, don't rub). 2 When you shower or bathe, make the water temperature cool. 3 Also, pat yourself dry, don't rub, with the towel. 4 Sometimes, cool water can not only feel good, but will also help to soak away excess flakes. 5 Avoid the temptation to peel or pick at", "1. Hydrate your body. Drink plenty of water to keep your skin hydrated, moisturized, so your skin can adequately work on repairing itself. Sun exposure increases fluid loss and dehydration in skin, so it is important to replenish the lost fluids in your body after a sunburn. ", "Next. I received a really bad sunburn over the Memorial Day weekend, 2 days out in the sun without sunblock (yeah I know I'm stupid). My question is this: after you finished peeling, will the new layer of skin be darker than your natural skintone, or will you effectively peel the tan off, so that you... ", "1 Deep peels penetrate several layers of skin and cause a second-degree burn of the skin. 2 They are used only on the face. 3 A chemical called phenol is usually used for a deep peel. 4 Deep peels may not be used on darker skin types, because they tend to bleach the skin (hypopigmentation). Recovery time after a chemical peel depends on what kind of peel was done and how deep it was. With all types of peels, proper care of the skin after the peel is very important to speed healing, help results last longer, prevent infection, and avoid color changes in the treated area caused by sun exposure.", "Once you get out of the shower and dry your skin, apply a moisturizing lotion. Look for a moisturizer that is specifically designed to work on sunburn or peeling skin. Generally, the lotion should contain aloe vera, which will cool your skin, reduce inflammation and slow the peeling. At all costs, you should avoid scratching your skin when it's peeling. You can actually do permanent damage to your skin in the form of scars. If you get the urge to scratch, the best thing to do is to use ice to dull the sensation.", "1 Because your skin is dry, choose a cream or lotion with aloe to help soothe your skin. 2 Most moisturizers on the market accomplish the task of moisturizing your skin, so find one that feels luxurious rather than irritating. 3 Stay hydrated. 1 Use a cool or cold compress against your skin (press, don't rub). 2 When you shower or bathe, make the water temperature cool. 3 Also, pat yourself dry, don't rub, with the towel. 4 Sometimes, cool water can not only feel good, but will also help to soak away excess flakes. 5 Avoid the temptation to peel or pick at", "When skin is exposed to UV rays, skin cells in the outermost layer of skin are damaged, and die. Damaged DNA cells also die so as to prevent the formation of cancerous cells(known as apoptosis). The tanned skin peels off after a few days. On the one hand, skin peels to remove dead skin cells from the body. On the other, immature skin cells take over in the epidermis to make up for the skin that has been peeled off. When new, mature skin cells take over, they produce ceramide to retain moisture.", "Relevance. Rating Newest Oldest. Best Answer: When you peel off the top layer of skin, all you are doing is taking off the top dead layer of dried up skin, due to the sun. The skin underneath will still be very burnt, but it will tan.....usually takes about 4-5 days to start tanning after a burn" ], "url": [ "http://www.webmd.com/beauty/peels/cosmetic-procedures-chemical-peel-treatments", "https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20060701124512AAfFV7y", "http://goaskalice.columbia.edu/answered-questions/peeling-skin-after-using-tanning-bed", "http://www.wikihow.com/Prevent-Skin-Peeling-After-Sunburn", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080529124904AAONutG", "http://www.webmd.com/beauty/peels/chemical-peel", "http://www.sheknows.com/beauty-and-style/articles/804520/dealing-with-sunburned-peeling-skin", "http://goaskalice.columbia.edu/answered-questions/peeling-skin-after-using-tanning-bed", "http://www.kao.com/sg/binkanhada/uv_01_02.html", "https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20060701124512AAfFV7y" ] }

[ "Once you get out of the shower and dry your skin, apply a moisturizing lotion. Look for a moisturizer that is specifically designed to work on sunburn or peeling skin. Generally, the lotion should contain aloe vera, which will cool your skin, reduce inflammation and slow the peeling. At all costs, you should avoid scratching your skin when it's peeling. You can actually do permanent damage to your skin in the form of scars. If you get the urge to scratch, the best thing to do is to use ice to dull the sensation." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Aerobic Capacity. Your performance during any type of endurance event is directly related to your aerobic capacity. An endurance event is one that utilizes aerobic energy as the major energy source; this can be any event from a 2 mile run to an ultramarthon or ironman triathlon. Additionally, the anaerobic system does not produce energy as efficiently as the aerobic system. Aerobic energy is the energy that your body produces when the oxygen supply matches the energy requirements. This form of energy is produced utilizing glycogen and fat.", "Anaerobic Alactic Energy The 'First 10 Seconds' Energy The anaerobic alactic system is the one referred to as the stored or start up energy system. This system provides the majority of energy when our athletes do bursts of high speed or high resistance movements lasting up to 10 seconds. The stores of energy in the muscle which are used up in the intense burst of activity return to normal levels within 2 - 3 minutes of rest. ● Aerobic System The muscle energy system which requires oxygen. ● Anaerobic Alactic System The stored, start up system which does not require oxygen and does not produce lactic acid. ● Anaerobic Lactic System The system which does not require oxygen but produces", "The Endurance Energy System The aerobic system requires oxygen. This system is used in lower intensity exercise and is the basic system which provides the energy for most human activity from birth to death. As such it is also important in recovery from exercise of all intensities. ● Aerobic System The muscle energy system which requires oxygen. ● Anaerobic Alactic System The stored, start up system which does not require oxygen and does not produce lactic acid. ● Anaerobic Lactic System The system which does not require oxygen but produces", "During exercise, your body relies on three basic energy systems: the anaerobic a-lactic system, the anaerobic lactic system, and the aerobic system. Depending on the sports played, athletes rely on one system more than the others. Anaerobic A-Lactic (ATP-CP) Energy System. Athletes who compete in sports that require high amounts of short duration acceleration-shot-putters, weight lifters, American football linemen, gymnasts, or sprint-distance speed skaters use the anaerobic a-lactic system.", "The aerobic system provides nearly all the energy in an endurance event but much of this energy is unavailable because there is an interaction of the aerobic system with the anaerobic system. Thus, the anaerobic system must also be trained so as to let the body utilize the aerobic energy source to its optimal level. The aerobic system is by far the most important source for energy. The reason why the anaerobic system was introduced first is because it is important to understand the dual role of lactate: an output of the anaerobic system and the most important fuel for the aerobic system.", "3. Aerobic Energy System. In reality, most sports use a variety of energy systems, or at least the power (time to reach peak output) and the capacity (duration that peak output can be sustained) of the system. The only real exceptions are Olympic weight lifting and certain field events, such as hammer or shot put. Anaerobic A-Lactic (ATP-CP) Energy System. Athletes who compete in sports that require high amounts of short duration acceleration-shot-putters, weight lifters, American football linemen, gymnasts, or sprint-distance speed skaters use the anaerobic a-lactic system.", "The athlete's body is capable of using one or any combination of the three energy systems. Different events demand different types and amounts of muscle activity. Consequently, different energy systems predominate in the various events. ● Aerobic System The muscle energy system which requires oxygen. ● Anaerobic Alactic System The stored, start up system which does not require oxygen and does not produce lactic acid. ● Anaerobic Lactic System The system which does not require oxygen but produces", "Aerobic Energy. The answer to the question above is that the aerobic system provides nearly all the energy during an endurance event and the stronger it is for each discipline in the triathlon, the faster a triathlete or any endurance athlete will be during a race. The aerobic system is by far the most important source for energy. The reason why the anaerobic system was introduced first is because it is important to understand the dual role of lactate: an output of the anaerobic system and the most important fuel for the aerobic system.", "1. Anaerobic A-Lactic (ATP-CP) Energy System. Athletes who compete in sports that require high amounts of short duration acceleration-shot-putters, weight lifters, American football linemen, gymnasts, or sprint-distance speed skaters use the anaerobic a-lactic system." ], "url": [ "http://endurancedoc.com/Training/Training_aerobic_training.htm", "http://www.coachr.org/energy_systems.htm", "http://www.coachr.org/energy_systems.htm", "http://www.bodybuilding.com/fun/3-energy-systems-help-trainer.htm", "http://lactate.com/triathlon/lactate_triathlon_aerobic_energy.html", "http://www.bodybuilding.com/fun/3-energy-systems-help-trainer.htm", "http://www.coachr.org/energy_systems.htm", "http://lactate.com/triathlon/lactate_triathlon_aerobic_energy.html", "http://www.bodybuilding.com/fun/3-energy-systems-help-trainer.htm" ] }

[ "1. Anaerobic A-Lactic (ATP-CP) Energy System. Athletes who compete in sports that require high amounts of short duration acceleration-shot-putters, weight lifters, American football linemen, gymnasts, or sprint-distance speed skaters use the anaerobic a-lactic system." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "An average hourly wage for a radiation oncologist is around £58.5 per hour. Based on years of experience, the radiation oncologist’s salary is as follows: one with more than 3 years of work experience earns around more than £232,050 per year, which can gradually increase from between £250,250 and £301,140 per year. According to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, an average hourly wage for a radiation oncologist has been around $52.44 per hour and an average annual salary is around $339,738 per year. 1 Share on Facebook. 2 Share on Twitte", "The average annual income for a radiation oncologist in the United States ranges from between $242,900 to $518,991 per year. According to the Allied Physicians survey, it has been reported that the average income for radiation oncologist’s increases over time. According to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, an average hourly wage for a radiation oncologist has been around $52.44 per hour and an average annual salary is around $339,738 per year. 1 Share on Facebook. 2 Share on Twitter", "However, their salaries are usually grouped with those of other hematologist-oncologists in industry surveys. One exception is the annual salary survey performed by the Medical Group Management Association. In its 2011 survey, the MGMA reported an average salary of $477,807 per year for radiation oncologists. By contrast, medical staffing agency Jackson & Coker reports an average salary of $367,978 for oncologists as a group. Industry studies can reveal a number of factors aside from basic salary data. Other Specialties. Radiation oncologists also fare well in comparison to many other medical specialties. The MGMA survey placed them 20th among its highest-paid specialties in the 2011 survey. Some cardiology sub-specialties paid a higher average salary, such as electrophysiology at $601,111 per year.", "Oncologist Salary. The median oncologist salary is reported to be $266,000 per year. But how much they actually earn is dependent on many different factors. Factors such as geographical location, type of establishment, size of establishment and number of years of experience all play a part in determining their salary. Oncologist in Canada earn a median salary of about CA$42,000 to CA$240,000. How much you earn depends on years of experience and place of work. The average Oncologist salary in the United Kingdom (UK) is about £60", "An average starting annual salary for a radiation oncologist in the United States is around $189,000 per year, which gradually increases to about $256,000 per annum overtime. An average annual salary bonus of around $ 22,500 will be included and the total annual salary ranges from between $296,275 – $360,000. According to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, an average hourly wage for a radiation oncologist has been around $52.44 per hour and an average annual salary is around $339,738 per year. 1 Share on Facebook. 2 Share on Twitter", "According to the BLS, radiation therapists get a median salary of around $66,170 per year. Professionals who work in outpatient centers can earn much higher. However, the average salary of hospital-employed radiation therapist is less, averaging around $63,500 per year. Lowest income of radiation therapist is estimated around $51,720 per year. Top 10 percent therapists make more than $113,810 per year. So, the total salary of a radiation therapist in the US is around $84,558 per year. You are eligible for getting $51,210 during the beginning of your career. Average salary of a well-established professional is around $94,08", "The lowest 10th percentile earns a salary of about $165,000 and the highest 10th percentile earns about $412,000 on average per year. The middle 50% of people employed in this field earns about anywhere from $210,000 to $345,000. Oncologist in Canada earn a median salary of about CA$42,000 to CA$240,000. How much you earn depends on years of experience and place of work. The average Oncologist salary in the United Kingdom (UK) is about £60,000 per year.", "Radiation oncologist salary. There are several factors which affect the salary rate of radiation oncologists. These include work experience, work place, level of educational attainment, and location, among others. In the U.S, their average annual salary range is between USD 242,900 and 518,991. This is expected to increase with time. On the average, the starting salary of a radiation oncologist is roughly USD 201,000. After three years of practice, this can reach up to USD 354,000.", "Oncologist salary in USA. An Oncologist’s annual salary averages from between $200,000 and $335,000 and the highest paid oncologists receive about $685,000 per annum. Based on percentiles, the median salary for 90th percentile of oncologists has been around $414,305 per year. In the U.S, their average annual salary range is between USD 242,900 and 518,991. This is expected to increase with time. On the average, the starting salary of a radiation oncologist is roughly USD 201,000. After three years of practice, this can reach up to USD 354,000." ], "url": [ "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/physicians/radiation-oncologist-salary", "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/physicians/radiation-oncologist-salary", "http://work.chron.com/much-money-radiation-oncologist-make-annually-3203.html", "http://www.healthcareworkersalary.com/physicians/oncologist-salary/", "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/physicians/radiation-oncologist-salary", "http://www.healthassistancepartnership.org/radiation-therapist-salary/", "http://www.healthcareworkersalary.com/physicians/oncologist-salary/", "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/physicians/oncologist-salary", "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/physicians/oncologist-salary" ] }

[ "An average starting annual salary for a radiation oncologist in the United States is around $189,000 per year, which gradually increases to about $256,000 per annum overtime. An average annual salary bonus of around $ 22,500 will be included and the total annual salary ranges from between $296,275 – $360,000. According to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, an average hourly wage for a radiation oncologist has been around $52.44 per hour and an average annual salary is around $339,738 per year. 1 Share on Facebook. 2 Share on Twitter" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The Arabian Sea is a region of the northern Indian Ocean bounded on the north by Pakistan and Iran, on the west by northeastern Somalia and the Arabian Peninsula, and on the east by India. Arabian Sea from space. The Arabian Sea's surface area is about 3,862,000 km 2 (1,491,130 sq mi). The maximum width of the Sea is approximately 2,400 km (1,490 mi), and its maximum depth is 4,652 metres (15,262 ft).", "Gwadar is located on the shores of the Arabian Sea it is in Pakistan's western province of Balochistan. It is about 533 km from Karachi and 120 km from the Iranian border and 380 km (240 mi) km northeast of the nearest point in Oman across the Arabian Sea. Gwadar Port is a warm-water, deep-sea port situated on the Arabian Sea at Gwadar in Balochistan province of Pakistan. The port is a major destination in the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor.", "Confidence votes 15. Arabian Sea is in Indian Ocean. Most of the trade between east and west is done through Indian Ocean. Pakistan through Arabian Sea is linked with the Muslims Countries of Persian Gulf. All of them are rich in oil. In Karachi Bin Qasim and Gwader are important seaports of Pakistan.", "Kochi (colonial name Cochin) is a vibrant city situated on the south-west coast of the Indian peninsula in the breathtakingly scenic and prosperous state of Kerala, hailed as ' God's Own Country '. Its strategic importance over the centuries is underlined by the sobriquet Queen of the Arabian Sea. ", "The Strait of Hormuz is a strategically important strait or narrow strip of water that links the Persian Gulf with the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman (map). The strait is only 21 to 60 miles (33 to 95 km) wide throughout its length. ", "The biggest river flowing into the Sea is the Indus River. The Arabian Sea has two important branches — the Gulf of Aden in the southwest, connecting with the Red Sea through the strait of Bab-el-Mandeb; and the Gulf of Oman to the northwest, connecting with the Persian Gulf. There are also the gulfs of Khambhat and Kutch on the Indian coast. Arabian Sea from space. The Arabian Sea's surface area is about 3,862,000 km 2 (1,491,130 sq mi). The maximum width of the Sea is approximately 2,400 km (1,490 mi), and its maximum depth is 4,652 metres (15,262 ft).", "For the river in Sudan, see Bahr al-Arab. The Arabian Sea is a region of the northern Indian Ocean bounded on the north by Pakistan and Iran, on the west by northeastern Somalia and the Arabian Peninsula, and on the east by India. An ancient name was the Erythraean Sea and Persian Sea. Arabian Sea from space. The Arabian Sea's surface area is about 3,862,000 km 2 (1,491,130 sq mi). The maximum width of the Sea is approximately 2,400 km (1,490 mi), and its maximum depth is 4,652 metres (15,262 ft).", "The Caspian Sea is a landlocked body of water between Europe and Asia. Five countries — Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Iran and Azerbaijan — border the inland sea. The Caspian's strategic importance lies in its abundance of energy resources. The sea contains large volumes of oil and natural gas reserves both in offshore deposits and in onshore fields in the immediate region. " ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Sea", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwadar_Port", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_importance_of_Arabian_Sea_for_Pakistan_from_strategic_n_economical_view", "http://www.cochin.org/", "http://geography.about.com/od/politicalgeography/a/Strait-Of-Hormuz.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Sea", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Sea", "https://www.stratfor.com/video/strategic-importance-caspian-sea" ] }

[ "Confidence votes 15. Arabian Sea is in Indian Ocean. Most of the trade between east and west is done through Indian Ocean. Pakistan through Arabian Sea is linked with the Muslims Countries of Persian Gulf. All of them are rich in oil. In Karachi Bin Qasim and Gwader are important seaports of Pakistan." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "There are some options when it comes to finishing a basement, and they all come with a cost. If you choose a basic do-it-yourself makeover, including adding moisture control, framing in walls and adding decor and furnishings, your cost will run between $10,000 and $27,000. A basement finishing system is another option, running $45,000 to $55,000. These out-of-the-box systems include everything from moisture-proof, insulated wall panels to ceilings to lighting.", "The cost of a basement is between 10 and 35 dollars per square feet. Let's say an average basement is 1,000 square feet of finished space. So the cost of a basement is between $10,000 and $35,000. 10k if you're doing most of the work yourself and up to $35,000 if you're hiring a contractor to finish your basement. Now. I’m not sure how much the water guard system will cost, not familiar with that system. But a 460 square foot finished basement, if you did most of the work yourself, should cost between 4,600 and 7,000. That’s if you do the framing, permits, electrical, plumbing, trim and doors, hire out the drywall.", "Turn your unfinished basement into beautiful, functional living space. Framing basement walls and ceilings is the core of any basement finishing project. Learn how to insulate and frame the walls and ceilings, build soffits, frame partition walls and frame around obstructions.", "What is the cost? If a typical foundation would be approximately 4 feet high, and a typical basement is 8 feet high how much more would it cost? Excavating for a crawl space foundation: If the ground is flat, for instance, an excavator would dig about 2 to 2 1/2 feet of depth. Footings: Cost for footings should be the same for a crawlspace or basement based on an average load bearing of the soil at 2000 psf (pounds per square foot). Walls: 4 foot high for crawlspace and 8 foot high for a basement.", "What is the going rate in the midwest (chicago area) for framing out a basement. i'm talking just studs, top/bottom plates, fire baffles, and door openings. about 1600 square feet, total of 300 feet of wall, 8 door openings and about 25 wall turns (inside, outside, perpendicular walls). ", "Our free calculator uses recent, trusted data to estimate costs for your Basement Wall Framing project. For a basic 125 square feet project in zip code 47474, the benchmark cost to Frame Basement Walls ranges between $2.51 - $3.17 per square foot* . To estimate costs for your project: 1. Set Project Zip Code Enter the Zip Code for the location where labor is hired and materials purchased", "1 Adding a basement to an existing house can cost $30,000-$70,000 or more, depending on the size of the existing crawlspace or half-basement or if the house is on a slab foundation, and how much of the work is do-it-yourself and how much is done by contractors. 1 A finished basement typically includes all of that plus flooring, walls, ceilings, drywall, windows, and additional waterproofing and more in order to provide the desired living space. 2 Overall, a basement adds about 3-4 weeks to the new-house construction schedule.", "1 A lot depends on how much is included and the quality of the final project. 2 Finishing a basement in a relatively new home can start around $20 -$35 a square foot, or $30,000 -$70,000 for 1,500-2,000 square feet -- but it can cost $100,000 or more to create a fully-finished space. 1", "Expect this type of basement to cost more at least $65,000. A basement finishing system is another option, running $45,000 to $55,000. These out-of-the-box systems include everything from moisture-proof, insulated wall panels to ceilings to lighting." ], "url": [ "http://www.hgtv.com/remodel/interior-remodel/basement-finishing-costs", "http://www.ifinishedmybasement.com/getting-started/cost-of-a-basement/", "http://www.familyhandyman.com/basement/how-to-finish-a-basement-framing-and-insulating/view-all", "http://buildblock.com/how-to-build/basements/", "http://ths.gardenweb.com/discussions/2250655/cost-of-straight-framing-out-a-basement", "http://www.homewyse.com/services/cost_to_frame_basement_walls.html", "http://home.costhelper.com/basement.html", "http://home.costhelper.com/basement-remodeling.html", "http://www.hgtv.com/remodel/interior-remodel/basement-finishing-costs" ] }

[ "Our free calculator uses recent, trusted data to estimate costs for your Basement Wall Framing project. For a basic 125 square feet project in zip code 47474, the benchmark cost to Frame Basement Walls ranges between $2.51 - $3.17 per square foot* . To estimate costs for your project: 1. Set Project Zip Code Enter the Zip Code for the location where labor is hired and materials purchased" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "noun. A group celebrates their German heritage. A group celebrates their German heritage. The definition of heritage is the background from which one comes, or any sort of inherited property or goods. 1 An example of heritage is a German ancestry. 2 An example of heritage is money left to a child in his parent's will. ", "Heritage. A person's heritage is made up of the practices and traditions that are passed on from parents to children. Heritage is also about what has been passed on from the family, community and place where people have been raised. For example a person may have grown up in a family of medical professionals or in a proudly Zulu family where the old customs are still followed. This is part of their heritage.", "heritage noun [U]. C2 ​features ​belonging to the ​culture of a ​particular ​society, such as ​traditions, ​languages, or ​buildings, that were ​created in the past and still have ​historical ​importance: These ​monuments are a ​vital ​part of the ​cultural heritage of ​South ​America. More examples. ", "her·i·tage. n. 1. Property that is or can be inherited; an inheritance. 2. Something that is passed down from preceding generations; a tradition. 3. The status acquired by a person through birth; a birthright: a heritage of affluence and social position. 4. 4. something that is reserved for a particular person or group or the outcome of an action, way of life, etc: the sea was their heritage; the heritage of violence. 5. (Law) law any property, esp land, that by law has descended or may descend to an heir. 6. (Judaism) Bible.", "Cultural heritage is the legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or society that are inherited from past generations, maintained in the present and bestowed for the benefit of future generations. ", "First of all, let’s have a look at the meaning of the words. “Heritage” is a property, something that is inherited, passed down from previous generations. In the case of “cultural heritage,” the heritage doesn’t consist of money or property, but of culture, values and traditions. ", "Full Definition of HERITAGE. 1. : property that descends to an heir. 2. a: something transmitted by or acquired from a predecessor: legacy, inheritance b: tradition. 3. See heritage defined for English-language learners. See heritage defined for kids. ADVERTISEMENT. ", "1 History, heritage refers to historical events or processes that have a special meaning in group memory. 2 National heritage site, a site having a value that has been registered by a governmental agency as being of national importance to the history of that nation. 1 Cultural heritage, the legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or society: man-made heritage. 2 World Heritage Site, As a certified by UNESCO. 3 List of destroyed heritage, The strike sites that have been destroyed.", "Heritage may refer to: 1 History, heritage refers to historical events or processes that have a special meaning in group memory. 2 National heritage site, a site having a value that has been registered by a governmental agency as being of national importance to the history of that nation. 1 Cultural heritage, the legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or society: man-made heritage. 2 World Heritage Site, As a certified by UNESCO. 3 List of destroyed heritage, The strike sites that have been destroyed.", "Cultural Heritage is an expression of the ways of living developed by a community and passed on from generation to generation, including customs, practices, places, objects, artistic expressions and values. Cultural Heritage is often expressed as either Intangible or Tangible Cultural Heritage (ICOMOS, 2002). As part of human activity Cultural Heritage produces tangible representations of the value systems, beliefs, traditions and lifestyles. As an essential part of culture as a whole, Cultural Heritage, contains these visible and tangible traces form antiquity to the recent past. Cultural Heritage is a wide concept." ], "url": [ "http://www.yourdictionary.com/heritage", "http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/defining-culture-heritage-and-identity", "http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/heritage", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/heritage", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_heritage", "https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-history-basics/beginners-art-history/a/what-is-cultural-heritage", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/heritage", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heritage", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heritage", "http://www.cultureindevelopment.nl/Cultural_Heritage/What_is_Cultural_Heritage" ] }

[ "First of all, let’s have a look at the meaning of the words. “Heritage” is a property, something that is inherited, passed down from previous generations. In the case of “cultural heritage,” the heritage doesn’t consist of money or property, but of culture, values and traditions. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Costs vary depending on the provider and the state you’re buying the property in. Legal fees: Approx. $1,500–$3,000, depending on the complexity of the structure. For example, if you’re buying through a company or trust ownership, you could end up paying a lot more.", "Legal Fees. Legal fees will vary by state and by the legal professional you choose. You should factor into your budget such fees when buying a house and they will vary depending on the size and complexity of the purchase. In order to minimise conveyancing and legal costs there are websites available that help you quickly receive and compare conveyancing quotes.", "You will need a lawyer to complete the purchase of your house. Legal fees can vary but on average you should allow for $600 – $900 for legal fees and an additional $200 – $400 for disbursements, which include registering the mortgage, completing a tax certificate, and doing a title search on the property.", "Read on for an estimate of how much you should be able to budget for mortgage fees, legal fees, house surveys, stamp duty and home insurance. We've estimated how much you may have to put aside for additional costs when buying a house, such as mortgage fees, house surveys and legal fees.", "Without considering all the costs it is impossible to produce an accurate budget when buying a home, or whether it's actually viable to re-mortgage an existing property. Typical legal and solicitors fees. When buying a new home the Legal fees will typically include Stamp Duty, Solicitors Fees and Search Fees. These costs normally increase inline with property value and can vary depending on the property location itself. The table below will help you identify some of the most common legal costs.", "Deposit. This is the amount you put towards the cost of the property when you buy your home. On average, you need at least 5% to 20% of the purchase price (for example: £10,000 to £ 40,000 when buying a £200,000 home). Help to Buy and other housing schemes only require a 5% deposit." ], "url": [ "http://www.realestate.com.au/blog/hidden-costs-buying-home/", "http://moneybuddy.com.au/home-loans/costs-of-buying-a-house.html", "http://boomerandecho.com/4-hidden-costs-when-buying-and-selling-your-house/", "http://www.which.co.uk/money/mortgages-and-property/guides/buying-a-house/the-cost-of-buying-a-house/", "https://www.seemoney.co.uk/pages/offshore/expat-mortgages-fees.asp", "https://www.moneyadviceservice.org.uk/en/articles/estimate-your-overall-buying-and-moving-costs" ] }

[ "You will need a lawyer to complete the purchase of your house. Legal fees can vary but on average you should allow for $600 – $900 for legal fees and an additional $200 – $400 for disbursements, which include registering the mortgage, completing a tax certificate, and doing a title search on the property." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Replacing aging, leaking or inadequate ductwork typically costs about $35-$55 a linear foot for labor and materials, or $1,000-$5,000 or more for a single-family home, depending on the length and type of ducts used (sheet metal, fiberduct or round flexible ductwork) and local rates. 1 If the home's layout makes installation particularly challenging, replacing existing ductwork or adding it to a house that never had ducts can cost $5,000-$15,000 or more.", "Air duct cleaning should take about 3 hours and cost between $300 and $500. Q: I'm looking to have my air ducts cleaned but I've seen prices vary from $99 to $800. Companies offering a super low price on air duct cleaning might do more harm and no good. The fact of the matter is this: The average air duct cleaning for most homes costs between $300 and $500, with factors like the size of the home, the number of ducts and their configuration affecting the price.", "Get an INSTANT estimate of the cost to Install Ductwork! Our free calculator uses recent, trusted data to estimate costs for your HVAC Ductwork Installation project. For a basic 60 linear feet project in zip code 47474, the benchmark cost to Install Ductwork ranges between $6.19 - $7.59 per linear foot. To estimate costs for your project: 1", "1 A proper home air duct cleaning costs anywhere from $400-$1,000, depending on the size of the system to be cleaned, the type of services offered, the regional climate and the level of use the ventilation system gets, the type of materials inside the ductwork and the amount of contaminants (dust, mold, etc.). A $99 special turned up hidden costs. $25 for service call, every duct after 10 was $20 per duct. Told them to get out of my house. The man became very vocal and yelled at me all the way back to his truck.", "NEXT STEP. Find out how much your project will cost. Provide a few details about your project and receive competitive quotes from local pros. The average national cost to clean ducts & vents is $333, with most homeowners spending between $238 and $429. This data is based on actual project costs as reported by HomeAdvisor member", "1 DIY materials can cost $100-$2,000 or more, depending on the type of materials and total length. 2 For example, DIYNetwork estimates it takes a weekend and $100-$250 to replace a section of ductwork with flexible ducting and install a return vent, rating the project difficulty at moderate to hard. 1 If the home's layout makes installation particularly challenging, replacing existing ductwork or adding it to a house that never had ducts can cost $5,000-$15,000 or more.", "$10.64. Get an INSTANT estimate of the cost to Install a Duct! Our free calculator uses recent, trusted data to estimate costs for your HVAC Duct Installation project. For a basic 60 linear feet project in zip code 47474, the benchmark cost to Install a Duct ranges between $6.95 - $10.64 per linear foot. To estimate costs for your project: 1.", "1 (Most air conditioning contractors will be aware of permit requirements and will obtain the proper paperwork). 2 For residential projects, permit fees are usually nominal ($10-$100), but can cost more depending on location and the size of the project. 1 If the home's layout makes installation particularly challenging, replacing existing ductwork or adding it to a house that never had ducts can cost $5,000-$15,000 or more.", "Duct Replacement Cost: Size. The size of your home, as well as the amount of stories your home has, will be a big factor in the cost to install ducts and vents. Larger homes need more ductwork, which increases the price.", "What should be included: Additional costs: 1 Poorly designed or inadequately installed ductwork can decrease the efficiency of the heating or cooling system by as much as 40%. 2 HGTV Pro explains duct system design and installation. 1 If the home's layout makes installation particularly challenging, replacing existing ductwork or adding it to a house that never had ducts can cost $5,000-$15,000 or more." ], "url": [ "http://home.costhelper.com/duct.html", "http://articles.courant.com/2013-03-29/business/hc-ls-air-duct-cleaning-20130323_1_duct-mold-equipment", "http://www.homewyse.com/services/cost_to_install_ductwork.html", "http://home.costhelper.com/duct-cleaning.html", "http://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/cleaning-services/clean-ducts-and-vents/", "http://home.costhelper.com/duct.html", "http://www.homewyse.com/services/cost_to_install_duct.html", "http://home.costhelper.com/duct.html", "http://ikesair.com/ductwork-replacement-cost-san-antonio/", "http://home.costhelper.com/duct.html" ] }

[ "1 Replacing aging, leaking or inadequate ductwork typically costs about $35-$55 a linear foot for labor and materials, or $1,000-$5,000 or more for a single-family home, depending on the length and type of ducts used (sheet metal, fiberduct or round flexible ductwork) and local rates. 1 If the home's layout makes installation particularly challenging, replacing existing ductwork or adding it to a house that never had ducts can cost $5,000-$15,000 or more." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "History and Uses: Nitrogen was discovered by the Scottish physician Daniel Rutherford in 1772. It is the fifth most abundant element in the universe and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere, which contains an estimated 4,000 trillion tons of the gas.", "01 Apr, 2008 Who discovered 0. Nitrogen is a chemical element with the symbol N and has an atomic number of 7. Nitrogen is a very important element for organisms and in industry. Nitrogen is a very important part of amino acids and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).", "History of Nitrogen. In 1772, Daniel Rutherford, a chemist and physician, discovered nitrogen in the northern country of Scotland. He removed carbon dioxide and oxygen from air and showed that the residual substance did not support life.", "(L. nitrum, Gr. Nitron, native soda; genes, forming) Nitrogen was discovered by chemist and physician Daniel Rutherford in 1772. He removed oxygen and carbon dioxide from air and showed that the residual gas would not support combustion or living organisms.", "History. From the Latin word nitrum, Greek Nitron, native soda; and genes, forming. Nitrogen was discovered by chemist and physician Daniel Rutherford in 1772. He removed oxygen and carbon dioxide from air and showed that the residual gas would not support combustion or living organisms." ], "url": [ "http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele007.html", "http://wanttoknowit.com/who-discovered-nitrogen/", "http://www.buzzle.com/articles/nitrogen-the-element.html", "http://www.radiochemistry.org/periodictable/elements/7.html", "http://periodic.lanl.gov/7.shtml" ] }

[ "History. From the Latin word nitrum, Greek Nitron, native soda; and genes, forming. Nitrogen was discovered by chemist and physician Daniel Rutherford in 1772. He removed oxygen and carbon dioxide from air and showed that the residual gas would not support combustion or living organisms." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Ideally, hay forage should have a moisture concentration between 15 percent and 18 percent during baling. Hay baled at higher moisture levels is subject to heat damage, dry-matter loss, mold spoilage, and hay fires.", "The 25% level is the average moisture in curing hay at which it is dry enough overall to avoid moulding or hot spots that occur with variations in moisture content that are usually at higher average moisture. Large square bales need to be baled at a lower moisture content than small square or round bales.", "Chances are if you baled your hay too wet (over 15% moisture) there is a risk of prolonged heating. Moisture levels above 20 percent allow the respiration process to continue and mould to develop, producing heat. When hay heats beyond 100 F (38 C), browning or carmalization occurs.", "The appropriate moisture level will depend on the type of baler you use. If you have a large hard-core round baler, 15% moisture is optimum. At this moisture level, the bales will keep for an extended period of time. See the chart below for other bale size-moisture contents.", "Some types of grass hay in dry weather conditions or on dry ground will be much too dry when baled as small bales using the 8% to 15% moisture as a guide. Some of this grass hay produces the best quality bales when baled at 24% to 30% moisture.", "The leaves contain most of the protein and nutrition, so if leaves are lost, the hay quality will be very low. Some types of grass hay, in dry weather conditions or on dry ground, will be much too dry when baled as small bales using the eight to 15 percent moisture (the traditional rule of thumb) as a guide. Some of this grass hay produces the best quality bales when baled at 24 to 30 percent moisture. This figure refers to external moisture, not stem moisture (the plant should have little or no stem moisture) and only applies to small bales." ], "url": [ "http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/442/442-106/442-106.html", "http://www.afia.org.au/index.php/fodder-care/hay-factsheets/making-quality-hay/144-guide-to-moisture-content-of-hay", "http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/faq9923", "http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/faq9757", "http://www.rockymountainrider.com/articles/2009/0809_determining_moisture_in_hay.htm", "http://www.tsln.com/article/20080606/TSLN01/766295741" ] }

[ "The leaves contain most of the protein and nutrition, so if leaves are lost, the hay quality will be very low. Some types of grass hay, in dry weather conditions or on dry ground, will be much too dry when baled as small bales using the eight to 15 percent moisture (the traditional rule of thumb) as a guide. Some of this grass hay produces the best quality bales when baled at 24 to 30 percent moisture. This figure refers to external moisture, not stem moisture (the plant should have little or no stem moisture) and only applies to small bales." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "same day change fees on united airlines cost passengers $ 75 for changes to a ticket that extend beyond 24 hours of the original flight time passengers must pay a $ 150 flight change fee for domestic flights and $ 250 for international ", "for example say you bought non refundable delta domestic flight tickets for $ 650 but your plans changed when you are ready to purchase new flights the fare has increased to $ 700 your credit is $ 650 $ 200 change fee $ 450 so your out of pocket cost to buy the new ticket is $ 700 $ 450 $ 250 make sure to inform delta before departure that you will not be on the flight and request the travel credit if the fare is non refundable as most economy fares are and it s been longer than 24 hours since purchase the fee to change the ticket varies by ticket type from $ 200 for domestic flights to $ 300 $ 450 for international flights", "you can make changes to your flight time within three hours of departure for a $ 50 fee for example if you have a 10 a m flight and would like to leave at 7 a m and there is room on the flight you can change to the earlier flight any time after 4 a m for the $ 50 fee if you change your flight more than three hours before departure the standard rules and fees apply", "for travel outside the united states canada puerto rico and the u s virgin islands the change fee for delta marketed flights is typically $ 200 to $ 500 but can vary based on location and type of fare changes are usually permitted only to the return portion of an international itinerary based on the fare rules you may have to pay a service fee and or a difference in fare for travel within the 50 united states canada puerto rico and the u s virgin islands the fee is $ 200", "delta air lines also charges a $ 200 change fee for paid domestic flights including to the u s virgin islands and puerto rico and up to $ 450 for international flights same day confirmed and standby changes are permitted for delta skymiles medallion elite members but there s a $ 50 fee for silver medallion members american airlines has a whopping $ 200 change fee on paid fares other than full fare refundable tickets for domestic flights and up to $ 450 for international flights same day changes are $ 75 in economy and free for business and first class passengers", "a couple weeks ago i booked a one way domestic flight on delta com for $ 152 a week later my plans changed and i had to go a day earlier unfortunately that meant i would essentially lose out on all but $ 2 of my original ticket since delta charges a $ 150 change fee plus fare difference on domestic flights ", "email two more domestic carriers have increased the fee to change a flight matching a move initiated by united airlines last month and quickly matched by us airways delta and american airlines both increased their change fees this week upping the fee to change a domestic flight from $ 150 to $ 200", "the cost to change a flight depends greatly on the airline that you have purchased your ticket from airlines have penalty fees that can range from $ 0 to $ 400 00 yowza to make a change to your ticket for domestic flights most airlines charge around $ 200 but the penalty is not the whole story at the time you make the change the great $ 250 fare is gone and flights on the new dates are selling for $ 375 to switch to that flight delta would charge a $ 200 change fee plus another $ 125 for the fare difference $ 375 minus $ 250 so the change you want to make would cost $ 325 total", "for flights within the u s customers must fork over at least $ 200 up from $ 150 for changing tickets the carrier raised the change fee on certain international flights as well from $ 250 to $ 300 for many routes to south america in reality passengers can wind up paying much more to change a flight itinerary to switch to that flight united would charge a $ 200 change fee plus another $ 200 for the fare difference $ 500 minus $ 300 so the change would cost $ 400 overall or more than the original ticket cost and that s on top of the $ 300 spent on the initial booking" ], "url": [ "http://www.ifly.com/airline-change-fees", "https://www.theflightexpert.com/how-to-cancel-delta-air-lines-flights/", "http://traveltips.usatoday.com/change-delta-nonrefundable-ticket-61012.html", "http://www.delta.com/content/www/en_US/traveling-with-us/ticket-changes-refunds/ticket-changes.html", "http://thepointsguy.com/2014/10/airline-change-and-cancellation-fees-how-to-avoid-them/", "http://thepointsguy.com/2012/10/my-experience-getting-out-of-delta-flight-change-fees/", "http://abcnews.go.com/Travel/airlines-increase-change-fees/story?id=19100090", "https://www.cheapair.com/blog/travel-tips/ask-cheapair-how-much-does-it-cost-to-change-an-airline-ticket/", "http://business.time.com/2013/04/24/oof-airline-fees-rise-yet-again-at-least-200-to-change-a-flight/" ] }

[ "delta air lines also charges a $ 200 change fee for paid domestic flights including to the u s virgin islands and puerto rico and up to $ 450 for international flights same day confirmed and standby changes are permitted for delta skymiles medallion elite members but there s a $ 50 fee for silver medallion members american airlines has a whopping $ 200 change fee on paid fares other than full fare refundable tickets for domestic flights and up to $ 450 for international flights same day changes are $ 75 in economy and free for business and first class passengers" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "How to Broil or Bake Filet Mignon. 1 For cuts that are less than 1-1/2 inches thick, position the broiler rack so the steak will be 3 to 4 inches from the heat. 2 For cuts that are 1-1/2 inches thick, position the broiler rack so the steak will be 4 to 5 inches from the heat. 3 Preheat the broiler. 1 For cuts that are 1-1/2 inches thick, position the broiler rack so the steak will be 4 to 5 inches from the heat. 2 Preheat the broiler. 3 Place the beef filet mignon on the unheated rack of the broiler pan.", "1 Place the filet on the grill rack over the heat. 2 Cover the grill. 3 Use the following timings for grilling filet mignon, and turn once halfway through the grilling time: 4 For a 1-inch cut, grill 10 to 12 minutes for medium rare (145 degrees F) or 12 to 15 minutes for medium (160 degrees F). 1 For cuts that are 1-1/2 inches thick, position the broiler rack so the steak will be 4 to 5 inches from the heat. 2 Preheat the broiler. 3 Place the beef filet mignon on the unheated rack of the broiler pan.", "Instructions. Bring your steak to room temperature and season with salt and pepper. Add butter to your pan and heat over medium-high until melted. Add the steak and lower the heat to medium. Cook the steak on one side for three to five minutes -- closer to three minutes for rare and closer to five minutes for medium. Flip the steak using tongs or spatula. ", "1 Pre-heat your oven to 425 degrees. 2 Season the filet mignon with salt and pepper on both sides. 3 I use approximately 1/8 tsp. salt and pepper per side. 4 Heat a large oven-proof saute sauté (Pan i prefer a stainless steel; skillet'don t use a-non stick) pan over-medium high. 5 Heat add the olive oil and let it get. hot 1 Season the filet mignon with salt and pepper on both sides. 2 I use approximately 1/8 tsp. salt and pepper per side. 3 Heat a large oven-proof saute sauté (Pan i prefer a stainless steel; skillet'don t use a-non stick) pan over-medium high. heat", "1 Add the oil to the pan. 2 Once the pan is very hot, add the steaks to the pan and do not move them for 3 minutes. 3 Flip the steaks over and continue to cook them for three minutes. 4 Place the pan in the oven and let the steaks finish cooking for 4-6 minutes for a rare steak or 6-8 minutes for medium rare steaks. 1 Once the pan is very hot, add the steaks to the pan and do not move them for 3 minutes. 2 Flip the steaks over and continue to cook them for three minutes. 3", "Directions. Season the Filet Mignons with salt and pepper. Combine the butter and oil in a large saute pan over high heat. When the pan is hot and foam has subsided, add the beef. Sear for three minutes per side for rare. Transfer to a warm platter. ", "Best Answer: I use my cast iron skillet. If you don't have cast iron, use your heaviest one. I just melt a little butter to cover the bottom of the pan on high and then add my steak. Let it cook for about 3 minutes until it has a wonderful sear and then turn over and cook for another 2 or 3 minutes. ", "1 Place the beef filet mignon on the unheated rack of the broiler pan. 2 Using the following timings, broil the meat, turning once halfway through the broiling time: 3 For a 1-inch filet cut, broil 12 to 14 minutes for medium rare (145 degrees F) or 15 to 18 minutes for medium (160 degrees F). 1 For cuts that are 1-1/2 inches thick, position the broiler rack so the steak will be 4 to 5 inches from the heat. 2 Preheat the broiler. 3 ", "Preparation. 1. Sprinkle fillets with pepper and salt. 2. Melt butter with olive oil in a large stainless steel or cast-iron skillet over medium heat. Add fillets, and cook 5 to 7 minutes on each side or to desired degree of doneness. Let stand 5 minutes. Southern Living." ], "url": [ "http://www.bhg.com/recipes/how-to/cooking-basics/how-to-cook-filet-mignon/", "http://www.bhg.com/recipes/how-to/cooking-basics/how-to-cook-filet-mignon/", "http://www.ehow.com/how_8154210_cook-filet-mignon-pan.html", "http://www.floatingkitchen.net/how-to-cook-the-perfect-filet-mignon/", "http://cooking.lovetoknow.com/cooking-filet-mignon-oven", "http://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/seared-filet-mignon-recipe.html", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081110182003AAipqQd", "http://www.bhg.com/recipes/how-to/cooking-basics/how-to-cook-filet-mignon/", "http://www.myrecipes.com/recipe/pan-seared-filet-mignon" ] }

[ "1 Pre-heat your oven to 425 degrees. 2 Season the filet mignon with salt and pepper on both sides. 3 I use approximately 1/8 tsp. salt and pepper per side. 4 Heat a large oven-proof saute sauté (Pan i prefer a stainless steel; skillet'don t use a-non stick) pan over-medium high. 5 Heat add the olive oil and let it get. hot 1 Season the filet mignon with salt and pepper on both sides. 2 I use approximately 1/8 tsp. salt and pepper per side. 3 Heat a large oven-proof saute sauté (Pan i prefer a stainless steel; skillet'don t use a-non stick) pan over-medium high. heat" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Between 3 and 4 years of both on-the-job training and classroom instruction usually is needed to become a skilled carpenter. You progress from an apprentice, journeyman … and, finally, to master", "Basics. As of 2012, being a carpenter did not require certification, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Voluntary certifications, however, are available. Some carpenters learn their skills on the job while working under the supervision of more experienced workers.", "Population increase will drive much of the demand. As of May 2011, carpenters averaged $44,330 per year, or $21.31 per hour, with the highest paid 10 percent receiving a mean $71,890 yearly, or $34.56 hourly. Most worked in residential building construction and averaged an annual $41,310, or $19.86 per hour.", "Breaking in requires three to four years of apprenticeship and thousands of hours of training. However, that education offers a career that pays better than most, with a median annual income of $40,010 as of May 2011, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.", "1. You usually need a high school diploma. 2. To gain trade certification as a carpenter, you usually need either a three-to four-year apprenticeship program, or a combination of over four years' work experience and some high school, college, or industry courses in carpentry.", "Training. Most carpenters learn their trade through a 3- or 4-year apprenticeship. For each year of the program, apprentices must complete at least 144 hours of technical training and 2,000 hours of paid on-the-job training.", "The lowest 10 percent earned less than $24,880, and the top 10 percent earned more than $72,580. The starting pay for apprentices usually is between 30 percent and 50 percent of what fully trained carpenters make. As apprentices learn to do more, they receive pay increases.", "Salary Outlook. According to the BLS, carpenters earned a median salary of $40,500 in 2013, or $19.47 per hour. During that period, the highest-paid carpenters earned about $73,100, while the lowest-paid earned $25,120. The motion picture and video industry pays the highest for carpentry work." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_training_do_you_need_to_be_a_carpenter", "http://work.chron.com/need-certification-carpenter-14947.html", "http://work.chron.com/need-certification-carpenter-14947.html", "http://work.chron.com/skills-required-carpenter-11775.html", "http://www.studentscholarships.org/careers_salary/195/education/carpenters.php", "http://www.bls.gov/ooh/Construction-and-Extraction/Carpenters.htm", "http://www.bls.gov/ooh/Construction-and-Extraction/Carpenters.htm", "http://money.usnews.com/careers/best-jobs/carpenter/salary" ] }

[ "Training. Most carpenters learn their trade through a 3- or 4-year apprenticeship. For each year of the program, apprentices must complete at least 144 hours of technical training and 2,000 hours of paid on-the-job training." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "The common name of the common mudpuppy is thought to either derive from the external gills, which are reminiscent of canine ears, or from the erroneous belief that this species makes vocalisations similar to those of a dog.", "Click here for complete documentation for this database. 1 This table contains a list of Genus/Species that are included in the CEE-TV database to aid in querying the Genus/Species field. 2 Copy and paste the Genus and Species from this page into the search form.", "Search. Enter a Genus (eg Ocimum) or genus and species (eg Ocimum basilicum). The Plant List is a working list of all known plant species. It aims to be comprehensive for species of Vascular plant (flowering plants, conifers, ferns and their allies) and of Bryophytes (mosses and liverworts).", "Make sure that when you are searching you put the genus name in the search box. from the species name. If you type Rosa rugosa into the genus or species field of a search, you will find nothing. Separating Rosa from rugosa into the proper fields of genus and species, you will net 24 matches.", "The common names “mudpuppy” and “waterdog” for salamander species in the genus Necturus are derived from the erroneous belief that these animals produce a noise similar to barking. The scientific name for the Alabama waterdog, Necturus alabamensis, is derived from the Greek word “ nektos ” meaning “swimming”.", "Completely aquatic and gilled throughout life. The mudpuppy is the largest member of the genus Necturus which also includes waterdogs. All mudpuppies and waterdogshave bushy external gills, two gill slits, a laterally compressed tail, and four toes on front and hind feet. Adult mudpuppies are 20-49 cm total length." ], "url": [ "http://www.arkive.org/common-mudpuppy/necturus-maculosus/", "http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/ceetv/genussp.htm", "http://www.theplantlist.org/", "http://davesgarden.com/guides/articles/view/2071/", "http://www.edgeofexistence.org/amphibians/species_info.php?id=571", "http://amphibiaweb.org/cgi/amphib_query?where-genus=Necturus&where-species=maculosus&account=amphibiaweb" ] }

[ "Completely aquatic and gilled throughout life. The mudpuppy is the largest member of the genus Necturus which also includes waterdogs. All mudpuppies and waterdogshave bushy external gills, two gill slits, a laterally compressed tail, and four toes on front and hind feet. Adult mudpuppies are 20-49 cm total length." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The esophagus is a 25-cm long muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. The length of the esophagus at birth varies between 8 and 10 cm and measures about 19 cm at age 15 years.", "The esophagus is a long, thin, and muscular tube that connects the pharynx (throat) to the stomach. It forms an important piece of the gastrointestinal tract and functions as the conduit for food and liquids that have been swallowed into the pharynx to reach", "The esophagus is the food tube, or gullet, that carries food and liquid from the mouth to the stomach. The stomach churns the food and secretes a strong acid that aids in digestion. A specialized muscle, known as the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), is located at the end of the esophagus.", "The esophagus is a long tube, with an average length of 25 cm. The throat (or pharynx) is continuous with the esophagus, and although the two are indistinguishable, the esophagus is thought to start a few centimeters below the thyroid cartilage (Adam's apple).", "© 2014 WebMD, LLC. All rights reserved. The esophagus is a muscular tube connecting the throat (pharynx) with the stomach. The esophagus is about 8 inches long, and is lined by moist pink tissue called mucosa. The esophagus runs behind the windpipe (trachea) and heart, and in front of the spine.", "The esophagus is a muscular tube connecting the throat (pharynx) with the stomach. The esophagus is about 8 inches long, and is lined by moist pink tissue called mucosa.", "ANSWER The esophagus is the conduit between the mouth and the stomach. It contains a muscular wall that can contract rhythmically to propel food from the mouth on down, … a process called peristalsis. The esophagus is like a muscular tube about 25 cm long between the throat", "The esophagus is a muscular tube connecting the throat (pharynx) with the stomach. The esophagus is about 8 inches long, and is lined by moist pink tissue called mucosa. The esophagus runs behind the windpipe (trachea) and heart, and in front of the spine.", "Child's Esophagus. The esophagus is the muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach. The muscles in the esophagus contract to move food and liquid from the mouth through the throat and down" ], "url": [ "http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1948973-overview", "http://www.innerbody.com/image_dige01/dige03-new2.html", "http://greenbeltendoscopy.com/esophagitis.php", "http://www.oncolink.org/types/article.cfm?c=133&id=9465", "http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/picture-of-the-esophagus", "http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/picture-of-the-esophagus", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_wide_is_the_human_esophagus", "http://www.medicinenet.com/image-collection/esophagus_picture/picture.htm", "http://www.webmd.com/children/childs-esophagus" ] }

[ "The esophagus is a 25-cm long muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. The length of the esophagus at birth varies between 8 and 10 cm and measures about 19 cm at age 15 years." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Sickle cell anemia, a common form of sickle cell disease, is caused by a particular mutation in the HBB gene. This mutation results in the production of an abnormal version of beta-globin called hemoglobin S or HbS. In this condition, hemoglobin S replaces both beta-globin subunits in hemoglobin. beta thalassemia-caused by mutations in the HBB gene. Nearly 400 mutations in the HBB gene have been found to cause beta thalassemia. Most of the mutations involve a change in a single DNA building block (nucleotide) within or near", "Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease that affects hemoglobin. A single nucleotide change in the hemoglobin gene causes an amino acid substitution in the hemoglobin protein from glutamic acid to valine. The resulting proteins stick together to form long fibers and distort the shape of the red blood cells. Downloads", "Yes, a change in nucleotide bases in DNA can cause a disease. Diseases that occur from such changes are genetic diseases. These diseases are caused by mutations in DNA, which … are basically changes in the nucleotide base sequence in the DNA. Answered. In Elements and Compounds. By changing a gene's instructions for making a protein, a mutation can cause the protein to malfunction or to be missing entirely. When a mutation alters a protein that plays a critical role in the body, it can disrupt normal development or cause a medical condition.", "Of the mutations leading to qualitative alterations in hemoglobin, the missense mutation in the β-globin gene that causes sickle cell anemia is the most common. The mutation causing sickle cell anemia is a single nucleotide substitution (A to T) in the codon for amino acid 6. The change converts a glutamic acid codon (GAG) to a valine codon (GTG). The form of hemoglobin in persons with sickle cell anemia is referred to as HbS. ", "1 A silent mutation has no effect on the functioning of the protein. 2 A single nucleotide can change, but the new codon specifies the same amino acid, resulting in an unmutated protein. 3 This type of change is called synonymous change, since the old and new codon code for the same amino acid. 1 Silent mutations: Code for the same amino acid. 2 A silent mutation has no effect on the functioning of the protein. 3", "A point mutation, or single base modification, is a type of mutation that causes a single nucleotide base change, insertion, or deletion of the genetic material, DNA or RNA. The term frameshift mutation indicates the addition or deletion of a base pair. 1 Silent mutations: Code for the same amino acid. 2 A silent mutation has no effect on the functioning of the protein. 3 A single nucleotide can change, but the new codon specifies the same amino acid, resulting in an unmutated protein.", "There are two main forms of mutations associated with prion disease: point changes (i.e. single nucleotide substitutions or transversions) which cause an amino acid change (missense mutation) or less commonly cause the coding to prematurely terminate (stop or nonsense mutation). ", "Figure Detail. As mentioned, sickle-cell anemia is the result of a change in a single nucleotide, and it represents just one class of mutations called point mutations. Changes in the DNA sequence can also occur at the level of the chromosome, in which large segments of chromosomes are altered. A sickle-shaped red blood cell is shown among a group of healthy red blood cells. A change in a single amino acid in one of the hemoglobin proteins is responsible for causing the abnormal sickle shape of this red blood cell.", "Although the haploid human genome consists of 3 billion nucleotides, changes in even a single base pair can result in dramatic physiological malfunctions. For example, sickle-cell anemia is a disease caused by the smallest of genetic changes. A sickle-shaped red blood cell is shown among a group of healthy red blood cells. A change in a single amino acid in one of the hemoglobin proteins is responsible for causing the abnormal sickle shape of this red blood cell.", "Sickle Cell. These are the sickle-shaped blood cells of someone with sickle cell anemia, a genetic disease common among those of African descent. Sickle cell anemia is the result of a point mutation, a change in just one nucleotide in the gene for hemoglobin. This mutation causes the hemoglobin in red blood cells to distort to a sickle shape when deoxygenated. The sickle-shaped blood cells clog in the capillaries, cutting off circulation. But the mutations we hear about most often are the ones that cause disease. Some well-known inherited genetic disorders include cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, Tay-Sachs disease, phenylketonuria and color-blindness, among many others. All of these disorders are caused by the mutation of a single gene." ], "url": [ "http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/HBB", "http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/sickle-cell-anemia", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Can_changing_a_single_nucleotide_in_a_gene_cause_a_disease", "http://themedicalbiochemistrypage.org/sicklecellanemia.php", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_mutation", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_mutation", "http://www.federationofscientists.org/pmpanels/tse/priprogene.asp", "http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/genetic-mutation-441", "http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/genetic-mutation-441", "http://genetics.thetech.org/about-genetics/mutations-and-disease" ] }

[ "Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease that affects hemoglobin. A single nucleotide change in the hemoglobin gene causes an amino acid substitution in the hemoglobin protein from glutamic acid to valine. The resulting proteins stick together to form long fibers and distort the shape of the red blood cells. Downloads" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Cover and cook on low for 5-8 hours, until ham is thoroughly heated. 2 If you want to glaze the ham, place on a broiler pan and cover with glaze; broil 10 from the heat for 10-15 minutes, watching carefully, until glaze is cooked. 3 Oven Method. 1 Bake at 325°F for 18-20 minutes per pound, until a meat thermometer registers 140°F. 2 Unwrap the ham and apply the glaze; increase the heat to 400°F and bake for 15-20 minutes longer until the glaze is burnished. 3 Grill Method to Heat Ham.", "1 It should be labeled 'fully cooked' or 'cook before eating.'. 2 Preheat the oven to 350°F. 3 If the ham is labeled 'fully cooked' (does not require heating), heat for 8 to 10 minutes per pound, or to an internal temperature of 140°F. 4 If the ham is labeled 'cook before eating,' heat to an internal temperature of 160°F. The flavor of a 'fully cooked' ham is greatly improved by heating. Here are the basics. Difficulty: Easy. Time Required: varies. Here's How: 1 First, check the label for instructions. 2 It should be labeled 'fully cooked' or 'cook before eating.'. 3", "1 Preheat the oven to 325°F. Place the ham on a rack in a shallow roasting pan. 2 For a whole 10- to 15-pound ham, allow 18 to 20 minutes per pound; for a half--5 to 7 pounds--about 20 minutes per pound; or for a shank or butt portion weighing 3 to 4 pounds, about 35 minutes to the pound. 1 For a whole 10- to 15-pound ham, allow 18 to 20 minutes per pound; for a half--5 to 7 pounds--about 20 minutes per pound; or for a shank or butt portion weighing 3 to 4 pounds, about 35 minutes to the pound. 2 In all cases, cook uncovered until the internal temperature reaches 160°F", "A precooked ham does not have to be cooked, but will taste better if you heat it thoroughly to an internal temperature of 140°F (60°C) or so. Place the ham in a 325°F oven (163°C). It will take 12 to 15 minutes per pound for a whole or boneless ham and 18 to 20 minutes per pound for a half ham. You should also let it rest for 20 minutes or so out of the oven before you serve it.", "1 Preheat the oven to 325°F. 2 To heat the ham, place it on a rack in a shallow roasting pan, and bake uncovered. 3 For a whole ham, allow 15 to 18 minutes to the pound; for a half, 18 to 24 minutes per pound. 4 The ham will be ready when the internal temperature reaches 140°F. 1 For a whole 10- to 15-pound ham, allow 18 to 20 minutes per pound; for a half--5 to 7 pounds--about 20 minutes per pound; or for a shank or butt portion weighing 3 to 4 pounds, about 35 minutes to the pound. 2 In all cases, cook uncovered until the internal temperature reaches 16", "2 1/2 hours. Here's how: Preheat the oven to 325, place the ham on a rack in a baking dish with a little water in the bottom. Wrap in foil, bake for about 2 hours, or until th … e internal temperature is 135 - 140 degrees.", "1 Preheat the oven to 350°F. 2 If the ham is labeled 'fully cooked' (does not require heating), heat for 8 to 10 minutes per pound, or to an internal temperature of 140°F. 3 If the ham is labeled 'cook before eating,' heat to an internal temperature of 160°F. The flavor of a 'fully cooked' ham is greatly improved by heating. Here are the basics. Difficulty: Easy. Time Required: varies. Here's How: 1 First, check the label for instructions. 2 It should be labeled 'fully cooked' or 'cook before eating.'. 3 ", "1 Add water to the bottom of the pan and cover the whole thing tightly with foil. 2 Bake at 325°F for 18-20 minutes per pound, until a meat thermometer registers 140°F. 3 Unwrap the ham and apply the glaze; increase the heat to 400°F and bake for 15-20 minutes longer until the glaze is burnished. 1 Bake at 325°F for 18-20 minutes per pound, until a meat thermometer registers 140°F. 2 Unwrap the ham and apply the glaze; increase the heat to 400°F and bake for 15-20 minutes longer until the glaze is burnished. 3 Grill Method to Heat Ham." ], "url": [ "http://busycooks.about.com/od/howtocook/a/howtocookham.htm", "http://southernfood.about.com/cs/hamrecipes/ht/heat_ham.htm", "http://www.epicurious.com/recipes/food/views/baked-ham-360789", "http://ochef.com/473.htm", "http://www.epicurious.com/recipes/food/views/baked-ham-360789", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_do_you_cook_a_precooked_or_smoked_ham", "http://southernfood.about.com/cs/hamrecipes/ht/heat_ham.htm", "http://busycooks.about.com/od/howtocook/a/howtocookham.htm" ] }

[ "1 It should be labeled 'fully cooked' or 'cook before eating.'. 2 Preheat the oven to 350°F. 3 If the ham is labeled 'fully cooked' (does not require heating), heat for 8 to 10 minutes per pound, or to an internal temperature of 140°F. 4 If the ham is labeled 'cook before eating,' heat to an internal temperature of 160°F. The flavor of a 'fully cooked' ham is greatly improved by heating. Here are the basics. Difficulty: Easy. Time Required: varies. Here's How: 1 First, check the label for instructions. 2 It should be labeled 'fully cooked' or 'cook before eating.'. 3" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "use a watch with a second hand or look at a clock with a second hand count the beats you feel for 10 seconds multiply this number by six to get your heart rate pulse per minute usually this is when your exercise heart rate pulse is 60 to 80 percent of your maximum heart rate in some cases your health care provider may decrease your target heart rate zone to begin with 50 percent", "max heart rate 220 age when determining your heart rate limits you will want to use the max heart rate calculator to get an acceptable estimate of the rates that are right for your age there are some important things to consider aside from age that can affect maximum heart rates however for example consider the following typically a healthy adult cannot exceed their max heart rate you will usually only be able to exert the amount of energy that your body is capable of which in turn limits your heart rate to the number that you are able to achieve", "heart rate or heart pulse is the speed of the heartbeat measured by the number of contractions of the heart per unit of time typically beats per minute bpm the heart rate can vary according to the body s physical needs including the need to absorb oxygen and excrete carbon dioxide the maximum heart rate hr max is the highest heart rate an individual can achieve without severe problems through exercise stress and generally decreases with age since hr max varies by individual the most accurate way of measuring any single person s hr max is via a cardiac stress test", "the maximum heart rate is the highest heart rate achieved during maximal exercise one simple method to calculate your predicted maximum heart rate uses this formula 220 your age predicted maximum heart rate example a 40 year old s predicted maximum heart rate is 180 beats minute there are other formulas that take into account the variations in maximal heart rate with age and gender usually this is when your exercise heart rate pulse is 60 to 80 percent of your maximum heart rate in some cases your health care provider may decrease your target heart rate zone to begin with 50 percent", "here are some interesting facts about maximum heart rate maximum heart rate is not a trainable attribute this means as you become more or less fit your maximum heart rate does not change the more fit you become the more work you can do at your maximum heart rateis the highest beats per minute your heart can achieve it is not sustainable since it is an all out effort it is essential to know your personal maximum heart rate in order to calculate effective target heart rates to use during exerciseit is always amusing to me when a client comes in for an appointment and says whew i just finished that spinning class and i worked at my maximum heart rate for 30 minutes straight", "to find out if your are exercising in your target zone between 60 and 80 percent of your maximum heart rate stop exercising and check your 10 second pulse if your pulse is below your target zone increase your rate of exercise if your pulse is above your target zone decrease your rate of exercise usually this is when your exercise heart rate pulse is 60 to 80 percent of your maximum heart rate in some cases your health care provider may decrease your target heart rate zone to begin with 50 percent", "heart rate training zones are calculated by taking into consideration your maximum heart rate hr max and your resting heart rate hr rest within each training zone subtle physiological effects take place to enhance your fitness ", "athletes who use a heart rate monitor as a training aid need to identify their actual maximum heart rate in order to determine their appropriate training zones maximum heart rate hr max can be determined by undertaking a maximum heart rate stress test which although relatively short does require you to push your body and your heart to the very limit" ], "url": [ "http://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/heart/prevention/exercise/pulse-target-heart-rate", "http://www.calculatorpro.com/calculator/max-heart-rate-calculator/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_rate", "http://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/heart/prevention/exercise/pulse-target-heart-rate", "http://www.active.com/fitness/articles/understanding-your-heart-rates-and-exercise", "http://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/heart/prevention/exercise/pulse-target-heart-rate", "http://www.brianmac.co.uk/hrm1.htm", "http://www.brianmac.co.uk/maxhr.htm" ] }

[ "heart rate or heart pulse is the speed of the heartbeat measured by the number of contractions of the heart per unit of time typically beats per minute bpm the heart rate can vary according to the body s physical needs including the need to absorb oxygen and excrete carbon dioxide the maximum heart rate hr max is the highest heart rate an individual can achieve without severe problems through exercise stress and generally decreases with age since hr max varies by individual the most accurate way of measuring any single person s hr max is via a cardiac stress test", "the maximum heart rate is the highest heart rate achieved during maximal exercise one simple method to calculate your predicted maximum heart rate uses this formula 220 your age predicted maximum heart rate example a 40 year old s predicted maximum heart rate is 180 beats minute there are other formulas that take into account the variations in maximal heart rate with age and gender usually this is when your exercise heart rate pulse is 60 to 80 percent of your maximum heart rate in some cases your health care provider may decrease your target heart rate zone to begin with 50 percent" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Cyanobacteria /saɪˌaenoʊbaekˈtɪəriə/ , saɪˌænoʊbækˈtɪəriə also known As, cyanophyta is a phylum of bacteria that obtain their energy through. Photosynthesis the name cyanobacteria comes from the color of the (Bacteria: greek (κυανός) = kyanos). kyanós blue Symbiogenesis argues that the chloroplasts found in plants and eukaryotic algae evolved from cyanobacterial ancestors via endosymbiosis. Cyanobacteria are arguably the most successful group of microorganisms on earth.", "Cyanobacteria are sometimes considered algae, but they are actually bacteria (prokaryotic), where the term algae is now reserved for eukaryotic organisms. They also derive their energy through photosynthesis, but lack a nucleus or membrane bound organelles, like chloroplasts. Actually, cyanobacteria may have evolved into the first chloroplasts, as evidenced by similar structural and genetic traits. Cyanobacteria have a unique set of pigments used in photosynthesis, called the phycobiliproteins (phycobilins), which can give some of them a blue-green color.", "Because they are photosynthetic and aquatic, cyanobacteria are often called blue-green algae. This name is convenient for talking about organisms in the water that make their own food, but does not reflect any relationship between the cyanobacteria and other organisms called algae. Many Proterozoic oil deposits are attributed to the activity of cyanobacteria. They are also important providers of nitrogen fertilizer in the cultivation of rice and beans. The cyanobacteria have also been tremendously important in shaping the course of evolution and ecological change throughout earth's history.", "Cyanobacteria, formerly called blue-green algae are relatively simple, primitive life forms closely related to bacteria. Typically much larger than bacteria, they photosynthesize like algae. Depending upon the species, cyanobacteria can occur as single cells, filaments of cells, or colonies. Cyanobacteria contain a characteristic pigment which gives the group their blue-green coloration. When cyanobacteria blooms begin to die and disintegrate, this pigment may color the water a distinctive bluish color", "Any of various photosynthetic bacteria of the phylum Cyanobacteria that are generally blue-green in color and are widespread in marine and freshwater environments, with some species capable of nitrogen fixation. Also called blue-green alga, blue-green bacterium. (ˌsaɪənəʊbaekˈtɪərɪə). ˌsaɪənəʊbækˈtɪərɪə ", "Architects of earth's atmosphere. Cyanobacteria are aquatic and photosynthetic, that is, they live in the water, and can manufacture their own food. Because they are bacteria, they are quite small and usually unicellular, though they often grow in colonies large enough to see. Many Proterozoic oil deposits are attributed to the activity of cyanobacteria. They are also important providers of nitrogen fertilizer in the cultivation of rice and beans. The cyanobacteria have also been tremendously important in shaping the course of evolution and ecological change throughout earth's history.", "Cyanobacteria /saɪˌaenoʊbaekˈtɪəriə/ , saɪˌænoʊbækˈtɪəriə also known As, cyanophyta is a phylum of bacteria that obtain their energy through. photosynthesis Symbiogenesis argues that the chloroplasts found in plants and eukaryotic algae evolved from cyanobacterial ancestors via endosymbiosis. Cyanobacteria are arguably the most successful group of microorganisms on earth.", "The name cyanobacteria comes from the color of the bacteria (Greek: κυανός (kyanos) = kyanós). Blue they are often called-blue green (algae but some consider that name a, misnomer as cyanobacteria are prokaryotic and algae should be, eukaryotic although other definitions of algae encompass prokaryotic). organisms Symbiogenesis argues that the chloroplasts found in plants and eukaryotic algae evolved from cyanobacterial ancestors via endosymbiosis. Cyanobacteria are arguably the most successful group of microorganisms on earth.", "Cyanobacteria (English pronunciation: /saɪˌaenoʊbaekˈtɪəriə/; saɪˌænoʊbækˈtɪəriə also known as-blue green, algae-blue green, bacteria And) cyanophyta is a phylum of bacteria that obtain their energy through. photosynthesis Many cyanobacteria are able to reduce nitrogen and carbon dioxide under aerobic conditions, a fact that may be responsible for their evolutionary and ecological success. The water-oxidizing photosynthesis is accomplished by coupling the activity of photosystem (PS) II and I (Z-scheme).", "– Stewart and Falconer. Cyanobacteria (English pronunciation: /saɪˌaenoʊbaekˈtɪəriə/; saɪˌænoʊbækˈtɪəriə also known as-blue green, algae-blue green, bacteria And) cyanophyta is a phylum of bacteria that obtain their energy through. Photosynthesis the name cyanobacteria comes from the color of the (Bacteria: greek (κυανός) = kyanos). kyanós blue Many cyanobacteria are able to reduce nitrogen and carbon dioxide under aerobic conditions, a fact that may be responsible for their evolutionary and ecological success. The water-oxidizing photosynthesis is accomplished by coupling the activity of photosystem (PS) II and I (Z-scheme)." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanobacteria", "http://www.greenwaterlab.com/algae-cyanobacteria.html", "http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/bacteria/cyanointro.html", "http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/plants/algae/publichealth/GeneralCyanobacteria.html", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/cyanobacteria", "http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/bacteria/cyanointro.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanobacteria", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanobacteria", "http://www.academicroom.com/topics/what-is-cyanobacteria", "http://www.academicroom.com/topics/what-is-cyanobacteria" ] }

[ "Cyanobacteria /saɪˌaenoʊbaekˈtɪəriə/ , saɪˌænoʊbækˈtɪəriə also known As, cyanophyta is a phylum of bacteria that obtain their energy through. Photosynthesis the name cyanobacteria comes from the color of the (Bacteria: greek (κυανός) = kyanos). kyanós blue Symbiogenesis argues that the chloroplasts found in plants and eukaryotic algae evolved from cyanobacterial ancestors via endosymbiosis. Cyanobacteria are arguably the most successful group of microorganisms on earth." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Celery Flakes, Coarse Cut. Categories: American, Celery, Herbs. These dehydrated celery flakes are twice as strong as the fresh vegetable, so use only about half as much in your recipe. Add celery flakes to chicken or vegetable soup, stews, stocks, poultry stuffing or anywhere else fresh celery flakes are called for.", "• Stir 2 to 3 tbsp. Celery Flakes into 4 cups of your favorite recipe for chicken, turkey or vegetable soup. • When preparing stuffing, use 2 tbsp. Celery Flakes for every 3 cups of bread cubes. • Use in barbecue, spaghetti and tomato-based sauces. • Substitute 1 tbsp.", "Celery Flakes. Celery flakes are dried pieces of the celery stalk and leaves. The plant is harvested, cleaned and set in a warm, dry area to remove any moisture. After the celery is dried, it is crumbled into small pieces, or flakes.", "Product Description. Celery Flakes add the bright, tangy flavor of raw celery to your dishes when you don't have the fresh ingredient on hand. Add Celery Flakes to dressings and sides to add a complex undertone to your dish. They're perfect for mixing into salad dressing mixes such as Great American Spice Co.'s Ranch Buttermilk Dressing.", "Chopped and dehydrated at the peak of the season, celery flakes are nice to have on hand when you only need a tablespoon or two of celery, or when your fresh celery seems to have wilted just when you are ready to use it. One tablespoon of celery flakes is equivalent to using one stalk of fresh celery." ], "url": [ "http://www.thespicehouse.com/spices/celery-flakes-coarse-and-fine-cut", "http://www.mccormick.com/spices-and-flavors/herbs-and-spices/spices/celery-flakes", "http://www.ehow.com/info_8598371_celery-flakes-vs-celery-seeds.html", "https://www.americanspice.com/celery-flakes/", "http://www.silvercloudestates.com/product/Celery-Flakes-148.aspx" ] }

[ "Celery Flakes. Celery flakes are dried pieces of the celery stalk and leaves. The plant is harvested, cleaned and set in a warm, dry area to remove any moisture. After the celery is dried, it is crumbled into small pieces, or flakes." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Those whose incomes fall in the bottom 20% are considered poor. 2 Everyone else (the middle 60%) is middle class. 3 Income Range: There are some economists who say that anyone who makes between $25,000 and $100,000 a year is middle class. 4 That might be surprising to some, though. 1 In 2010, the Census Bureau reports that the median income in the United States was $49,445, so if you go a little lower or higher, you get a middle class range of between about $30,000 and $70,000 a year. 2 Tax Policies: Of course, if you look at tax policies, the middle class grows substantially", "Middle class a matter of income, attitude. CINCINNATI -- Strictly speaking, the median, or middle, household income in the United States today is $50,054. That's easy. The hard part is figuring out how far above or below the middle someone's income can go and still be considered middle class. There's a large difference between what our perception of a middle-class lifestyle is and what the statistics tell us the middle is..", "Middle class is a tricky concept. Depending on where you live, you can feel middle class earning as much as $250,000 a year — about five times the US median income of $52,250 from the same time period. In this analysis, Pew defined middle class households as those earning 67%-200% of a state's median income. So ... ", "Standard Definition: $25,000-$100,000 a year is what most would consider as a middle class income. The $75,000 spread accounts for the wide cost of living differential between places like New York City and Fargo, North Dakota. Everybody who lives in NYC or San Francisco will tell you that $25,000 a year is poor. ", "Middle class is a tricky concept. Depending on where you live, you can feel middle class earning as much as $250,000 a year — about five times the US median income of $52,250 from the same time period. In this analysis, Pew defined middle class households as those earning 67%-200% of a state's median income. So ...", "1 For many tax policies, the cutoff often discussed is $250,000 (even though the fiscal cliff deal used $400,000 as the point for higher taxes), suggesting that some think that you can be considered to have a middle class income as long as you make less than $250,000 a year. 1 In 2010, the Census Bureau reports that the median income in the United States was $49,445, so if you go a little lower or higher, you get a middle class range of between about $30,000 and $70,000 a year. 2 Tax Policies: Of course, if you look at tax policies, the middle class grows substantially", "You can see the full results below. In the left column, they list the median household income for each state. The middle column is the minimum you have to earn to be considered middle class, based on Pew’s definition. And the right column is the upper range of middle class. Head to Business Insider’s full link for more information. How much you have to earn to be considered middle class in every US state | Business Insider", "$100,000: Not rich, but middle class. After contributing $18,000 to your tax-exempt 401k, you are left with $82,000 a year in gross income, and ~$61,500 net income based on a 25% total effective tax rate. Notice there is no more $5,000 tax-exempt IRA contribution because you make over $68,000. ", "1 Income Range: There are some economists who say that anyone who makes between $25,000 and $100,000 a year is middle class. 2 That might be surprising to some, though. 3 Median Income: Others take a look at the median annual income, and then go $20,000 to either side. 1 In 2010, the Census Bureau reports that the median income in the United States was $49,445, so if you go a little lower or higher, you get a middle class range of between about $30,000 and $70,000 a year. 2 Tax Policies: Of course, if you look at tax policies, the middle class grows substantially" ], "url": [ "http://www.goodfinancialcents.com/what-is-considered-a-middle-class-income/", "http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2013/04/14/middle-class-hard-define/2080565/", "http://www.businessinsider.com/middle-class-in-every-us-state-2015-4", "http://www.financialsamurai.com/definitions-of-a-middle-class-income-do-you-consider-yourself-middle-class/", "http://finance.yahoo.com/news/much-earn-considered-middle-class-170000901.html", "http://www.goodfinancialcents.com/what-is-considered-a-middle-class-income/", "http://twocents.lifehacker.com/the-salary-required-to-be-middle-class-in-every-state-1695393156", "http://www.financialsamurai.com/how-much-income-do-you-consider-to-be-rich/", "http://www.goodfinancialcents.com/what-is-considered-a-middle-class-income/" ] }

[ "Middle class is a tricky concept. Depending on where you live, you can feel middle class earning as much as $250,000 a year — about five times the US median income of $52,250 from the same time period. In this analysis, Pew defined middle class households as those earning 67%-200% of a state's median income. So ... " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "These diamonds, made from the ashes of animals, were created through the same process used to make diamonds from human remains. Diamonds are supposed to be a girl's best friend. Now, they might also be her mother, father or grandmother.", "Decide how much you can afford to spend. Having a single diamond created from cremation ashes can be expensive, depending on the size, quality and colour of your diamond. A small and simple diamond costs as little as £1,950, while a more impressive specimen can cost as much as £13,000.", "• A certified, high-quality diamond created from a lock of hair or the cremated ashes of your loved one as a memorial to their unique life. • A way to embrace your loved one's memory day by day. • The most beautiful and timeless memorial available for honoring", "Your very own LifeGem diamond(s) can be created from the carbon in cremation ashes, a lock of hair, or both. Of course, not only do we turn ashes into diamonds and hair into diamonds, we also have a full line of cremation jewelry, rings, and pendants to accent your beautiful LifeGem cremation diamond.", "Ordering your very own LifeGem diamond, either from a lock of hair, or the ashes of your loved one, is a simple three step process. 1. Print and complete this order form. If you have any questions, please call us and we'll be happy to walk you through the ordering process. You can also order online 24 hours a day.", "Turning ashes into diamonds was invented by LifeGem diamonds in 1999 and brought to the public in 2002. Since then, creating diamonds from ashes has become an accepted practice worldwide and considered by many to be the most prestigious way of memorializing a loved one to date.", "Sizes & Prices. We do not irradiate naturally grown coloured memorial diamonds, they grow from carbon extracted from the hair or cremation ashes of your loved one. Natural colours are Canary (light yellow), Free-Range Blue, and white with a slight blue hue. We may also be able to make pink (please enquire).", "The main difference, as you already know, is that diamonds from ashes are created from a very specific source of carbon-your loved one. It's all basic science really. Diamonds are carbon and humans are carbon. Any extremely pure carbon under massive amounts of pressure and heat crystallizes into diamond.", "Diamonds are beautiful stones, and the diamond that you create from your loved one's remains can be a treasure that you wear and pass on to your own children. Consider how you can turn cremation ashes into a gorgeous diamond that you will always remind you of someone that you loved." ], "url": [ "http://www.npr.org/2014/01/19/263128098/swiss-company-compresses-cremation-ashes-into-diamonds", "http://www.ehow.co.uk/how_5816136_make-diamonds-cremation-ashes.html", "http://www.lifegem-uk.com/", "http://lifegem.com/", "http://lifegem.com/", "http://www.ashestodiamond.com/index.aspx?BType=atd&BAg=atdt", "http://www.memorial-diamonds.com/prices-sizes-colours/", "http://www.ashestodiamond.com/index.aspx?BType=atd&BAg=atdt", "http://www.ehow.co.uk/how_5816136_make-diamonds-cremation-ashes.html" ] }

[ "Decide how much you can afford to spend. Having a single diamond created from cremation ashes can be expensive, depending on the size, quality and colour of your diamond. A small and simple diamond costs as little as £1,950, while a more impressive specimen can cost as much as £13,000." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "this map shows all the monticello ny 5 digit zip code boundaries using clean practical map colors and styles to make our new york zip code map easier to read we color neighboring zip codes uniquely plus we highlight every zip code with its city name zip code boundaries county boundaries and highways", "monticello ny state zip code zip code of monticello ny is 12701 below you can find map of monticello or look up other zip codes in new york or other us states if monticello s zip code is duplicated and other places have same zip code number you can use our zip code searcher by number 12701 monticello have more then one zip code", "monticello zip code ny monticello is a village of sullivan new york in the mid atlantic region of the usa it is located about 84 miles southwest of ny s capital city of albany in the most recent us census the population of monticello was 6726 city zip code state" ], "url": [ "http://www.zip-codes.com/zip-code-maps-city/NY/ny-monticello-zip-code-map.asp", "http://monticello-ny.zip-codes.biz/", "http://monticello.zip-codez.com/zip-code/ny/sullivan/monticello" ] }

[ "monticello ny state zip code zip code of monticello ny is 12701 below you can find map of monticello or look up other zip codes in new york or other us states if monticello s zip code is duplicated and other places have same zip code number you can use our zip code searcher by number 12701 monticello have more then one zip code" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Keeping Cool: A Marianas Common Moorhen is spotted along the waters of the Fena Reservoir in Santa Rita Aug. 13, 2012. The Marianas Common Moorhen, also known as the Pulattat, is one of several endangered species of Guam’s declining bird population. U.S. Navy photo by Shaina Marie Santos/Released. ", "An endangered language is one that is likely to become extinct in the near future. Many languages are failing out of use and being replaced by others that are more widely used in the region or nation, such as English in the U.S. or Spanish in Mexico. ", "1 According to Clotilde C. Gould, early pioneer of the Chamorro Language commission. 2 Stated that the Chamorro language is dynamic, it adapts to new languages. 3 On Guam, there is a lot of Spanish in our language, due to the influence of the Spanish era. Delegate Robert Underwood, D-Guam the growth of the Guamanian or Chamorro population on the U.S. mainland grew by 20 percent in the last decade, from 1980-1990. (PDN, 07-01-01,p.3). 1 Teachers are having difficulty preparing lessons plans because of limited resources/ materials.", "At the time the Spanish rule over Guam ended, it is thought that Chamorro was a semi-creole language, with a substantial amount of the vocabulary being of Spanish origin and beginning to have a high level of mutual intelligibility with Spanish. In Guam, the language suffered additional suppression when the U.S. Government banned Chamorro language completely in schools in 1922, and collected and burned all Chamorro dictionaries (Skutnabb-Kangas 2000: 206; Muehlhaeusler mühlhäusler: 1996; 109 benton: 1981). 122", "Home News Alphabets Languages Search. A collection of useful phrases in the Guam dialect of Chamorro, an Austronesian langauge spoken mainly on the island of Guam, and also in the Marianas Islands. To see these phrases in many other languages click on the English versions. Useful Chamorro phrases. A collection of useful phrases in the Guam dialect of Chamorro, an Austronesian langauge spoken mainly on the island of Guam, and also in the Marianas Islands. To see these phrases in many other languages click on the English versions. Key to abbreviations: frm = formal, inf = informal", "Chamorro (Chamorro: Finu' Chamorro or Chamoru) is a Malayo-Polynesian language (Austronesian) spoken by about 47,000 people (about 35,000 people on Guam and about 12,000 in the Northern Mariana Islands). In Guam, the language suffered additional suppression when the U.S. Government banned Chamorro language completely in schools in 1922, and collected and burned all Chamorro dictionaries (Skutnabb-Kangas 2000: 206; Muehlhaeusler mühlhäusler: 1996; 109 benton: 1981). 122", "It is estimated that 75% of the population of Guam was literate in the Chamorro language around the time the United States captured the island during the Spanish–American War (similar language fluency estimates for other areas of the Mariana Islands during this time period do not exist). In Guam, the language suffered additional suppression when the U.S. Government banned Chamorro language completely in schools in 1922, and collected and burned all Chamorro dictionaries (Skutnabb-Kangas 2000: 206; Muehlhaeusler mühlhäusler: 1996; 109 benton: 1981). 122", "It is reported that even in the early 1920s Spanish was still reported to be a living language in Guam for commercial transactions, but the usage of both Spanish and Chamorro was rapidly declining as a result of the English pressure. In Guam, the language suffered additional suppression when the U.S. Government banned Chamorro language completely in schools in 1922, and collected and burned all Chamorro dictionaries (Skutnabb-Kangas 2000: 206; Muehlhaeusler mühlhäusler: 1996; 109 benton: 1981). 122" ], "url": [ "http://guam.stripes.com/travel/marianas-common-moorhen-endangered-species-guam", "http://www.linguisticsociety.org/content/what-endangered-language", "http://ns.gov.gu/survey.chamorro/index.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamorro_language", "http://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/chamorro.php", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamorro_language", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamorro_language", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamorro_language" ] }

[ "Chamorro (Chamorro: Finu' Chamorro or Chamoru) is a Malayo-Polynesian language (Austronesian) spoken by about 47,000 people (about 35,000 people on Guam and about 12,000 in the Northern Mariana Islands). In Guam, the language suffered additional suppression when the U.S. Government banned Chamorro language completely in schools in 1922, and collected and burned all Chamorro dictionaries (Skutnabb-Kangas 2000: 206; Muehlhaeusler mühlhäusler: 1996; 109 benton: 1981). 122" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The Sahara Desert covers most of North Africa. The Sahara Desert is the largest subtropical hot desert and third largest desert in the world, after Antarctica and the Arct … ic. The largest desert in the world is Antarctica which is not in northern Africa.", "The largest hot desert is the Sahara desert, in northern Africa, covering 9 million square kilometers. We’ve written many articles about deserts for Universe Today. Here’s an article about the Atacama desert, seen from space, and here’s an article about the largest desert in the world.", "(Answer #3). About a tenth of the Earth's surface is covered by deserts. A desert is defined as an area with less than 250 mm (10) of rainfall a year. This includes about 10% of the Earth's total surface.", "The percentage of true desert has increased in the last 125 years, from about 9% to 14%. According to the Gale School link cited below, True deserts cover about 14 percent of the world's land area, or about 8,000,000 square miles (20,800,000 square kilometers).", "(Answer #2). True deserts cover about 14 percent of the world's land area, or about 8,000,000 square miles (20,800,000 square kilometers). Another 15 percent of the Earth's land surface possesses some desertlike characteristics.", "The Sahara desert covers most of the North Africa. It is the hottest desert in the world and is also the third largest desert, about the size of China or the United States … .", "Deserts cover more than one fifth of the Earth's land, and they are found on every continent. A place that receives less than 10 inches (25 centimeters) of rain per year is considered a desert. Deserts are part of a wider classification of regions called drylands.." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_much_of_the_earth_is_covered_by_deserts", "http://www.universetoday.com/65639/what-percentage-of-the-earths-land-surface-is-desert/", "http://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-percentage-land-earth-desert-57417", "http://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-percentage-land-earth-desert-57417", "http://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-percentage-land-earth-desert-57417", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_percentage_of_Africa's_area_does_the_Sahara_Desert_cover", "http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/habitats/desert-profile/" ] }

[ "(Answer #2). True deserts cover about 14 percent of the world's land area, or about 8,000,000 square miles (20,800,000 square kilometers). Another 15 percent of the Earth's land surface possesses some desertlike characteristics." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Red Maple Trees. The fall foliage of red maples, or swamp maple trees (Acer rubrum spp.), unfortunately sometimes makes a liar out of the trees' name. That's why it's best to stick with cultivars known for their fall color consistency, such as 'Autumn Blaze' ", "Red maple is one of the most abundant and widespread hardwood trees in North America (Figure 3.8). Probably no other species of forest tree, certainly no hardwood, can thrive on a wider variety of soil types and sites. Compared to sugar and black maple, red maple is a relatively short-lived tree, rarely living longer than 150 years. Mature trees commonly average between 20 and 30 inches in diameter and 60 and 90 feet tall. Like sugar and black maple, red maple is shade tolerant and is found in both even-aged and uneven-aged forests.", "One distinction between the two maple tree types is the rate of growth. Hard maples grow very slowly and live a long time. These trees are important to the lumber industry and include black maples and sugar maples, known for their superior quality syrup. All maples have leaves divided into three, five or seven lobes. Here are a few distinguishing characteristics of some of the more common types of Acer maple trees: Japanese Maple (Acer palmatum). 1 Highly ornamental trees, Japanese maples may only grow to 6 to 8 feet in cultivation but can reach heights of 40 to 50 feet in the wild.", "The blazing crimson of red maple leaves are stunning in the fall. The common red maple (Acer rubrum), a sprawling deciduous tree native to central and eastern North America, grows 40 to 70 feet high with a spreading canopy 30 to 50 feet wide. The red maple grows showy red or yellow blossoms in the spring and its orange-red leaves give a spectacular display in the fall. ", "In addition to bonsais, small types of maple trees can be used for ornamental landscaping. Maple is great for ornamental trees because they respond to trimming and can be cut and sculpted into any shape or form you desire. The best ornamental trees tend to be those that are smaller in stature. Different types of maple trees come in dwarf versions that do not over grow and take up little space in your yard. Dwarf trees are a great option for homes and yards with little space because they offer all the attributes of a regular sized plant in a smaller version.", "How to Identify Maple Trees. Here are a few distinguishing characteristics of some of the more common types of Acer maple trees: Japanese Maple (Acer palmatum). 1 Highly ornamental trees, Japanese maples may only grow to 6 to 8 feet in cultivation but can reach heights of 40 to 50 feet in the wild. 2 Brilliant fall color", "Acer /ˈeɪsər/ is a genus of trees or shrubs commonly known as maple. There are approximately 128 species, most of which are native to Asia, with a number also appearing in Europe, northern Africa, and North America. Only one species, Acer laurinum, extends to the Southern Hemisphere. ", "Many Types of Maple Trees. Maple trees belong to the genus Acer, and there are 125 species of maple trees. They grace the landscape throughout the world. Most are deciduous, meaning they lose their leaves each fall, but a few native to the warm climates of southern Asia do not shed their leaves. Most maple trees have green leaves, but some may have red or ruby-bronze colored leaves. With 125 species of maple, it would be nearly impossible to list them all. The types of maples gardeners are most likely to encounter in the average home and garden center include: 1 Japanese maple (Acer palmatum). 2 Norway maple (Acer platonoides). 3 Sugar maple (Acer saccharum). 4 Paperbark maple (Acer griseum). 5 Red maple (Acer rubrum)" ], "url": [ "http://landscaping.about.com/cs/fallfoliagetrees/a/fall_foliage7.htm", "http://www.maple-trees.com/pages/maple-tree-identification.php", "http://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/trees/maple/maple-tree-types.htm", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/red-maple-tree-types-63650.html", "http://www.diyhomedesignideas.com/landscape/maple.php", "http://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/trees/maple/maple-tree-types.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maple_tree", "http://garden.lovetoknow.com/wiki/Types_of_Maple_Trees" ] }

[ "Many Types of Maple Trees. Maple trees belong to the genus Acer, and there are 125 species of maple trees. They grace the landscape throughout the world. Most are deciduous, meaning they lose their leaves each fall, but a few native to the warm climates of southern Asia do not shed their leaves. Most maple trees have green leaves, but some may have red or ruby-bronze colored leaves. With 125 species of maple, it would be nearly impossible to list them all. The types of maples gardeners are most likely to encounter in the average home and garden center include: 1 Japanese maple (Acer palmatum). 2 Norway maple (Acer platonoides). 3 Sugar maple (Acer saccharum). 4 Paperbark maple (Acer griseum). 5 Red maple (Acer rubrum)" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Is ok or cruel to keep my cats in a cage during the night? i have a small cat and her 12 week old kitten. i also have a 2 year old daughter and am 34 weeks pregnant. during the night the cats run around the house and go in my daughters bedroom distubing her, cant shut them in the lounge as they pluck at the carpet (its a rented house and we will get chrged if the carpets...", "Coyotes aren't the only threat cats face when they go outside—there are far greater dangers. When you allow your cat to roam freely outdoors, even for short periods of time, you expose her to perils such as cars, dogs, diseases, coyotes, poisons, and cruel people. If you want your cat to be safe, keep her indoors. If given the opportunity, they will also make a meal of a cat, tame or feral. Dogs, especially smaller breeds, are also at risk, although attacks on them are more rare. The best way to protect your pets is to let them outside only when you are with them—especially at night—and to keep pet food and water inside.", "Comment number 97. I was amused at Chris's comment that keeping your cat in at night is a 'simple' solution to the problem. I heard about this advice six years ago when my previous cat was still alive. She had an established routine of going out at night-and hunting. ", "It's not at all cruel! In fact I keep my dog in her room at night... she has a little sofa in there, as well as her food and water.... I keep the door closed because I don't want her running around at night. However, if you are talking about keeping your cat in a room 24/7, that would be animal cruelty. u can but that isnt very fair to the cat. if u have more space maybe let him out at night abd keep him in the room during the day. if it is all day every day, u shouldnt.", "Location: London. Posts: 11,201. It's not at all cruel to keep a cat indoors. Make sure you have somewhere for the cat to climb and play and jump around, something to replicate a tree trunk to scratch, plenty of dangly toys etc. ", "I was extremely concerned to see that you listed outdoor roaming as a new-owner's mistake. Here in the UK we consider it cruel to keep a cat indoors, especially if it is kept alone, without another cat. Indeed, the Cats' Protection League will generally not rehome to flats or houses without gardens. Perhaps in America the situation is different to in the UK. ", "It's not cruel to let them out at night, but it is highly dangerous. A car could not see them as easily, and hit them. It could eat something and get poisoned. A night creature could attack them. It could not see a ditch or something like that, fall in and not be able to get out. If you live near a busy road or in a dangerous area for animals i would keep it inside. However if you cat loves to be outside at night and you live in a safe area, then no, it's not cruel :) Hope I helped xx. Source(s): Personal Experience.", "It's perfectly fine if only for short periods or at night and not much different to shutting them in a small room. As long as they have access to food water and a litter box then they will be fine. Some breeders keep their cats caged permanently although there is usually a large run attached. during the night the cats run around the house and go in my daughters bedroom distubing her, cant shut them in the lounge as they pluck at the carpet (its a rented house and we will get chrged if the carpets...", "Best Answer: Yes. All the vets & animal charities tell cat owners to keep their cats in at night. Far more cats are killed on the road at night, and more cats are stolen then. If you live near a busy road or in a dangerous area for animals i would keep it inside. However if you cat loves to be outside at night and you live in a safe area, then no, it's not cruel :) Hope I helped xx. Source(s): Personal Experience." ], "url": [ "https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100529153034AAUsUFx", "http://www.humanesociety.org/animals/coyotes/tips/coyotes_pets.html", "http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/natureuk/2012/06/changes-for-cat-people.shtml", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100326153910AArZ2HV", "http://forums.digitalspy.co.uk/showthread.php?t=862861", "http://cats.about.com/od/faqcatcare/f/ukoutdoors.htm", "https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090121104937AA7ZwTu", "https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100529153034AAUsUFx", "https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090121104937AA7ZwTu" ] }

[ "Is ok or cruel to keep my cats in a cage during the night? i have a small cat and her 12 week old kitten. i also have a 2 year old daughter and am 34 weeks pregnant. during the night the cats run around the house and go in my daughters bedroom distubing her, cant shut them in the lounge as they pluck at the carpet (its a rented house and we will get chrged if the carpets..." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "• $1,750 for one scan site. • $250 for additional scan sites. • $100 for emergency or STAT reads of the exam by the radiologist. Please call us at (860) 586-8610 if you have any questions or concerns about how much a dog MRI costs. We are committed to helping all our clients get the MRI scan they need for their dogs and will work with you as much as possible.", "And we have imaged ferrets, kangaroos, flamingos, rabbits, chimps, and even turtles! For any small animal, MRI scans at Companion MRI are typically $1,750 for one scan site. If an additional anatomical MRI scan site is needed, the cost will be $250 for the additional site. In an emergency situation, we may need to have the radiologist read the exam immediately and we will need to charge an additional $100 for STAT reads.", "Answers. it depends i was thinking you might look at this: The brain imaging tests, MRI or CT scan and CSF tap, must be performed in order for an actual diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy to be given not merely a suspected or presumptive diagnosis. An MRI can cost up to $1500.00. A spinal tap usually runs around $600.00-$800.00. ", "Expert: Dr. Jamie replied 5 years ago. Hi, The cost will vary from one patient to the nexy and one facility to the next, but in your area of the country it will likely cost around $1800-2200. Here rea some link to hospitals with MRI services in your area. You can contact them for a more detailed quote: ", "What is the cost of an MRI? The cost of an MRI study can range from $300 to $10000. There is a huge difference in the cost of an MRI study across the country and even city to city. In addition to pricin … g being very different throughout a region, pricing is also affected by the MRI clinic that you decide to use. How much does an MRI Scan for the lower back cost? MRI scans of the lower back (aka the Lumbar Spine) range in price from $700-$3000 depending on where you get the scan done. Outpatient centers are relatively inexpensive versu … s their hospital counterparts. If the scan requires contrast (aka dye) the scan can cost an additional $100-$500", "In the Portland and Seattle, you can check out Sprig Health for the cost and description of MRI procedures at a few locations in town (https://www.sprighealth.com/site/all-services). Currently the prices seem to range from $485 to $1190 for MRI with and without Contrast. How much does an MRI Scan for the lower back cost? MRI scans of the lower back (aka the Lumbar Spine) range in price from $700-$3000 depending on where you get the scan done. Outpatient centers are relatively inexpensive versu … s their hospital counterparts. If the scan requires contrast (aka dye) the scan can cost an additional $100-$500", "A referral from your veterinarian is needed in order to set up the procedure at a specialty center. 2. An MRI is expensive, with costs often running $2,500 and up per scan. However, this cost, which includes the scan, anesthesia and monitoring, is covered by many pet insurance plans. 3. Another consideration (not necessarily a drawback) is that the dog can’t move during the scan", "The cost of an MRI study can range from $300 to $10000. There is a huge difference in the cost of an MRI study across the country and even city to city. How much does an MRI Scan for the lower back cost? MRI scans of the lower back (aka the Lumbar Spine) range in price from $700-$3000 depending on where you get the scan done. Outpatient centers are relatively inexpensive versu … s their hospital counterparts. If the scan requires contrast (aka dye) the scan can cost an additional $100-$500", "MRI scans for dogs at Companion MRI are typically $1,750 for one scan site. If an additional anatomical MRI scan site is needed, the cost will be $250 for the additional site. Please call us at (860) 586-8610 if you have any questions or concerns about how much a dog MRI costs. We are committed to helping all our clients get the MRI scan they need for their dogs and will work with you as much as possible." ], "url": [ "http://www.companionmri.com/dog-mri-cost.html", "http://www.companionmri.com/Animal-MRI-Cost.html", "http://www.dogster.com/answers/question/how_much_will_a_mri_scan_cost-22168", "http://www.justanswer.com/dog-health/308nj-does-mri-dog-usually-cost.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_much_will_an_MRI_for_a_dog_cost", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_much_will_an_MRI_for_a_dog_cost", "http://animalwellnessmagazine.com/does-he-need-an-mri/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_much_will_an_MRI_for_a_dog_cost", "http://www.companionmri.com/dog-mri-cost.html" ] }

[ "MRI scans for dogs at Companion MRI are typically $1,750 for one scan site. If an additional anatomical MRI scan site is needed, the cost will be $250 for the additional site. Please call us at (860) 586-8610 if you have any questions or concerns about how much a dog MRI costs. We are committed to helping all our clients get the MRI scan they need for their dogs and will work with you as much as possible." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Taking vitamins is an important way to boost your nutritional intake. The timing of when we take vitamins, though, can be as vital as the fact that we take them. To ensure that we get the most out of vitamins and supplements when is the best time to take them? We asked Melissa Dorval, R.D., to help us understand when the best time is to take vitamins and supplements. Q: What vitamins should be taken in the morning, before I've eaten? MD: We recommend that you take SAM-e on an empty stomach at least 30 minutes before you consume food. This is most convenient when you first wake up in the morning, as your stomach is most empty at this time.", "I have been taking Synthroid since 1988 after having half of my Thyroid removed due to 3 nodules on it. I was first on .25 then .50 then .75 now I am on .88. I always took it at 5:AM with 16 oz water and by the time I got my shower and got ready for work I could eat breakfast, then I retired. I just recently learned I’ve been taking it at the wrong time. I was taking it along with breakfast and coffee, not to mention vitamins, minerals, probiotics, Citrucel and other medications. I am totally confused about how to take it properly. A. Taking your thyroid medicine with coffee, mineral supplements (especially iron or calcium) or fiber such as bran cereal or Citrucel can interfere with its absorption (Thyroid, March, 2008). Using a calcium-fortified fruit juice to take the medication could severely limit how much gets into your bloodstream", "You'll need to take levothyroxine every day, most likely as a lifelong treatment. Certain foods, vitamins and chemical compounds can interfere with the absorption of levothyroxine, especially vitamin supplements high in iron and calcium. Conclusion. Any vitamin supplement that you and your doctor agree should be added to your diet can be taken with levothyroxine, provided that you don't take your vitamin or supplement within four hours of taking your thyroid replacement hormone.", "Levothyroxine replaces T4 hormone, one of two important hormones -- T3 and T4 -- that control metabolism. Your body can synthesize T3 hormones from levothyroxine even if you are hypothyroid, so there is rarely a need to supplement both T3 and T4 hormones. Conclusion. Any vitamin supplement that you and your doctor agree should be added to your diet can be taken with levothyroxine, provided that you don't take your vitamin or supplement within four hours of taking your thyroid replacement hormone.", "You will need to take thyroxine for life. The initial dose will be checked by your endocrinologist at 6 weeks and adjusted if necessary. Thyroxine is best taken half an hour before breakfast and should not be taken with your calcium supplements which are best taken with meals. ", "MD: If lunch is a more convenient time for you to take your vitamins, then go ahead and consume your multivitamin, B-complex, Vitamin E, Vitamin C or any other vitamins at this time. The most important point is that you consume your vitamins and supplements with food, to help with proper dissolution and absorption. Q: What vitamins should be taken in the morning, before I've eaten? MD: We recommend that you take SAM-e on an empty stomach at least 30 minutes before you consume food. This is most convenient when you first wake up in the morning, as your stomach is most empty at this time.", "Certain drugs and supplements can interact with thyroid medication as well, especially if you take them at the same time of day. These include aspirin, calcium, Coumadin and other blood thinners, estrogen, iron, psyllium and other fiber supplements, and certain antacids. I used to recommend Armour thyroid to treat an underactive thyroid. This product contains both T3 and T4, a combination of two hormones produced by the gland. I find that some patients respond better to the combination than to T4 (thyroxine) alone.", "MD: Calcium supplements can be taken with dinner, or hours after dinner before bed. Supplemental calcium is best in smaller, more frequent doses to enhance absorption. The form of calcium you are taking determines if you should take it with a meal or snack, or on an empty stomach. Q: What vitamins should be taken in the morning, before I've eaten? MD: We recommend that you take SAM-e on an empty stomach at least 30 minutes before you consume food. This is most convenient when you first wake up in the morning, as your stomach is most empty at this time." ], "url": [ "http://www.naturemade.com/resource-center/articles-and-videos/immune-health/timing-your-vitamins", "http://www.peoplespharmacy.com/2010/08/26/taking-thyroid-medicine-properly/", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/497890-levothyroxine-vitamin-supplements/", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/497890-levothyroxine-vitamin-supplements/", "http://www.thyroid.com.au/procedures/thyroid-surgery/total-thyroidectomy/", "http://www.naturemade.com/resource-center/articles-and-videos/immune-health/timing-your-vitamins", "http://www.drweil.com/drw/u/QAA400441/Best-Thyroid-Treatment.html", "http://www.naturemade.com/resource-center/articles-and-videos/immune-health/timing-your-vitamins" ] }

[ "You will need to take thyroxine for life. The initial dose will be checked by your endocrinologist at 6 weeks and adjusted if necessary. Thyroxine is best taken half an hour before breakfast and should not be taken with your calcium supplements which are best taken with meals. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Offenders may be charged with a misdemeanor or felony. Penalties for petit theft could include fines up to $400, imprisonment or both. The maximum sentence that can be given is 16 months’ jail time, which is usually only given to repeat offenders. When the merchandise is greater than $400, it is considered grand theft.", "Grand theft in the first degree results in a first degree felony charge, which can lead to a term of imprisonment for up to thirty years and a fine in an amount up to $10,000.", "The penalty for a third degree felony is a maximum of 5 years in jail and a $5,000 fine. If the property stolen is valued between $100 and $299, then the defendant will be charged with a 1st Degree Misdemeanor, which carries a maximum penalty of 1 year in jail and a $1000 fine.", "Theft of property valued between $300 and $20,000 qualifies as grand theft in the third degree. Property valued between $20,000 and $100,000 becomes grand theft in the second degree, while property valued over $100,000 results in a charge of grand theft in the first degree.", "Florida laws allow the prosecution of grand theft in the second degree as a second degree felony. A conviction for a second degree felony may be punished with a sentence of imprisonment for a term lasting up to fifteen years and a fine in an amount up to $10,000.", "First (1st) Degree Grand Theft. If the stolen property is valued at $100,000 or more, then the defendant will be charged with 1st Degree Grand Theft, which is a 1st Degree Felony. First degree felonies have a maximum penalty of 30 years in prison and fines of up to $10,000. If the stolen property is valued between $20,000 and $99,999, then the defendant will be charged with 2nd Degree Grand Theft, which is a 2nd Degree Felony. Second degree felonies have a maximum penalty of 15" ], "url": [ "http://www.south-floridaattorney.com/petit-theftgrand-theft/misdemeanor-vs-felony-shoplifting-in-florida/", "http://statelaws.findlaw.com/florida-law/florida-theft-laws.html", "http://www.myfloridadefenselawyer.com/ShopliftingTheftFL/", "http://statelaws.findlaw.com/florida-law/florida-theft-laws.html", "http://statelaws.findlaw.com/florida-law/florida-theft-laws.html", "http://www.myfloridadefenselawyer.com/ShopliftingTheftFL/" ] }

[ "The penalty for a third degree felony is a maximum of 5 years in jail and a $5,000 fine. If the property stolen is valued between $100 and $299, then the defendant will be charged with a 1st Degree Misdemeanor, which carries a maximum penalty of 1 year in jail and a $1000 fine." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "How much is the cost of cataract surgery? 1 On average, the physician services, facility services, and anesthesia services can cost anywhere from $3,000 to $5,500 per eye without health insurance. 1 A premium lens can cost upwards of $750 to $1,500 extra per eye. 2 AllAboutVision.com claims that the surgery without insurance averages $4,461.47, while those with Medicare and insurance can expect to pay anywhere from $528 to $947.", "1 Cataract surgery is covered by most health insurance plans. 2 Many patients who need cataract surgery are 65 or older, and Medicare covers cataract surgery. 3 For patients covered by insurance, typical out-of-pocket costs would consist of coinsurance of 10 to 20 percent or more -- or $1,000 or more for both eyes. 1 This typically costs $250 to $450 and usually is covered by insurance. 2 Cataract surgery generally is considered safe and effective. 3 However, risks include swelling of the retina, infection, new astigmatism, development of glaucoma and an increased risk of retinal detachment.", "1 A premium eye lens is going to cost more than a standard lens. 2 A premium lens can cost upwards of $750 to $1,500 extra per eye. 3 AllAboutVision.com claims that the surgery without insurance averages $4,461.47, while those with Medicare and insurance can expect to pay anywhere from $528 to $947. 1 A premium lens can cost upwards of $750 to $1,500 extra per eye. 2", "1 On average, the physician services, facility services, and anesthesia services can cost anywhere from $3,000 to $5,500 per eye without health insurance. 2 A premium eye lens is going to cost more than a standard lens. 3 A premium lens can cost upwards of $750 to $1,500 extra per eye. 1 A premium lens can cost upwards of $750 to $1,500 extra per eye. 2 AllAboutVision.com claims that the surgery without insurance averages $4,461.47, while those with Medicare and insurance can expect to pay anywhere from $528 to $947.", "Since it no longer requires days in the hospital, the cost of cataract surgery has decreased. According to a study by AllAboutVision.com, the average cost of cataract surgery in 2012 was $3,429 per eye. With many insurances, this price can lower to $500-600. There are some reasons you may be charged more, however. During the average cataract surgery, the surgeon implants an intraocular lens (IOL). ", "1 For patients not covered by health insurance, cataract surgery typically costs $5,000 to $10,000 per eye, for a total of $10,000 to $20,000 for both eyes. 2 For example, at Park Nicollet, a hospital in Minneapolis, Minn., it costs about $4,365 per eye -- a total of $8,730 for both eyes. 1 This typically costs $250 to $450 and usually is covered by insurance. 2 Cataract surgery generally is considered safe and effective. 3 However, risks include swelling of the retina, infection, new astigmatism, development of glaucoma and an increased risk of retinal detachment.", "1 Within five years after cataract surgery, one in four patients develop cloudiness on part of the lens capsule that remains in the eye after surgery; to correct this, a five-minute procedure, called YAG laser capsulotomy, is needed. 2 This typically costs $250 to $450 and usually is covered by insurance. 1 This typically costs $250 to $450 and usually is covered by insurance. 2 Cataract surgery generally is considered safe and effective. 3 However, risks include swelling of the retina, infection, new astigmatism, development of glaucoma and an increased risk of retinal detachment.", "The cost of cataract surgery depends on many variables, such as the type of procedure you have and the intraocular lens (IOL) implanted in your eye. The area where you live also can be a factor, depending on cost-of-living standards that help set the typical price of cataract surgery. 1 An average additional charge of $2,188 per eye for a premium, presbyopia-correcting IOL, if you already have Medicare coverage for basic cataract surgery costs. 2 An average additional charge of $607 per eye, if you need an extra surgical procedure to correct mild astigmatism." ], "url": [ "http://www.howmuchisit.org/cataract-surgery-cost/", "http://health.costhelper.com/cataract-surgery.html", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/cataract-surgery-cost/", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/cataract-surgery-cost/", "http://www.worthingtoneye.com/eye-blog/the-average-cost-of-cataract-surgery", "http://health.costhelper.com/cataract-surgery.html", "http://health.costhelper.com/cataract-surgery.html", "http://www.allaboutvision.com/conditions/cataract-surgery-cost.htm" ] }

[]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Temperature / Fever. Normal axillary (under the arm) temperature ranges from 97.5 to 99.3 degrees Fahrenheit (36.5 to 37.4 degrees Celsius)*. Taking a rectal temperature. Normal rectal temperature is 100.2 degrees Fahrenheit or less (37.9 degrees Celsius or less)*. *These are the American Academy of Pediatrics recommended ranges. It is suggested that you discuss this with your baby's health care provider. You do not need to take your baby’s temperature on a regular basis. ", "Everyone knows that a normal human body temperature is 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit--except when it isn't. The 98.6-degree standard is nothing more than an average. Normal body temperature can vary from person to person and from situation to situation. For infants, the variation can be even bigger, because their small bodies cannot regulate temperature as well as adults can. According to the Canadian Paediatric Society, normal temperature for babies can range from 94.5 to 100.4, depending on the manner in which the temperature is measured. Temperature can also vary depending on time of day.", "If you want to, you can use a thermometer to give you a better idea of her temperature. Normal body temperature is between 36 degrees C and 37 degrees C, but this can vary by a few points of a degree from child to child. A fever is anything that is high for your baby. You don’t need to buy an expensive thermometer. ", "Most people think of a normal body temperature as an oral temperature of 98.6°F (37°C) . This is an average of normal body temperatures. Your temperature may actually be 1°F (0.6°C) or more above or below 98.6°F (37°C) . ", "Most doctors – and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) — agree that a normal body temperature for a healthy baby is between 97 and 100.3 degrees Fahrenheit. If your baby's rectal temperature is 100.4 degrees or higher, he has a fever. Definition of baby fever. Kiss or touch your baby's forehead. If you think he feels hotter than normal, you're probably right. A higher-than-normal body temperature is called a fever. A fever is usually a sign that the body is waging a war against infection. Taking your baby's temperature can confirm your suspicions and help you and your child's doctor figure out the best way to get your baby back on the road to health", "Most doctors – and the American Academy of Pediatrics – agree that a normal body temperature for a healthy child is between 97 and 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit (36 to 38 degrees Celsius). ", "A baby’s temperature is no different. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, normal body temperature for a health baby ranges between 97 degrees and 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit (36 degrees to 38 degrees Celsius). A rectal temperature reading above this range indicates a fever", "In infants from birth to 3 months old, an abnormal temperature--either too low or too high--can be a sign of something serious. A baby with a low body temperature may have a serious infection, according to MedlinePlus.com, and an infant with a fever requires an immediate call to the doctor. Photo Credit baby image by Dron from Fotolia.com. An infant up to 3 months old has a normal body temperature range of 97 to 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit, 36 to 38 degrees Celsius, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics. Temperatures both higher and lower than this range are a cause for concern." ], "url": [ "http://www.babies.sutterhealth.org/afterthebirth/newborn/nb_fever.html", "http://www.ehow.com/about_5063083_normal-body-temperature-infant_.html", "http://www.babycentre.co.uk/a84/fever", "http://www.webmd.com/first-aid/body-temperature", "http://www.babycenter.com/0_fever-in-babies_84.bc", "http://www.babycenter.com/0_fever-in-toddlers_11430.bc", "http://www.modernmom.com/2c2371d2-051f-11e2-9d62-404062497d7e.html", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/224545-normal-body-temperature-for-infants/" ] }

[ "In infants from birth to 3 months old, an abnormal temperature--either too low or too high--can be a sign of something serious. A baby with a low body temperature may have a serious infection, according to MedlinePlus.com, and an infant with a fever requires an immediate call to the doctor. Photo Credit baby image by Dron from Fotolia.com. An infant up to 3 months old has a normal body temperature range of 97 to 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit, 36 to 38 degrees Celsius, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics. Temperatures both higher and lower than this range are a cause for concern." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "It takes about 1 week to heal a pulled muscle. You need to make sure that you put ice and heat on it every three to four hours. You can not do anything to your back or it will … turn worse. The time an injury takes to heal depends on how severe the injury is. However, it will usually take anywhere from a couple of days to several weeks. Keep cool compresses on … the area to reduce swelling as well as taking Ibuprofen. Also, use warm compresses to help with pain.", "Depending on the grade, pulled muscles can take one to eight weeks to heal. For the first 72 hours, apply ice, use elevation and, in consultation with a doctor, take anti-inflammatory medication. After 72 hours, use hot packs to bring blood into the muscle and provide nourishment, which accelerates healing. Treatment. For the first 72 hours, apply ice, use elevation and, in consultation with a doctor, take anti-inflammatory medication. After 72 hours, use hot packs to bring blood into the muscle and provide nourishment, which accelerates healing.", "You will know a muscle is pulled typically within 24 to 48 hours of the injury, as the area will become stiff, sore, you may experience loss of movement and muscle spasms, and bruising or swelling will often develop around the injured muscle. Pin It. A muscle pull (or strain) occurs when you twist, pull, or tear your muscle or tendon, the strong elastic cord that connects your muscle to the bone. As we age we are more susceptible to muscle pulls.", "People often times confuse the terms strain and sprain.. A strain is an injury, a stretching, or even a tearing of what we call the muscular tenuous unit. The tendon and the muscle that attaches to it, when those are injured or torn, we call that a strain: s-t-r-a-i-n. ", "Healing occurs in roughly two weeks. Grade 2 Strain: This is a moderate strain. There is more with more damage to muscle fibers than grade 1, but the muscle is not completely ruptured. Healing occurs within three to six weeks. Grade 3 Strain: This is a complete rupture of the muscle, which is far more serious of an injury than a grade 1 or 2. The healing period can take up to three months. ", "Happily, a groin pull will usually heal on its own. You just need to give it some time and rest. To speed the healing, you can: 1 Ice the inside of your thigh to reduce pain and swelling. 2 Experts recommend doing it for 20 to 30 minutes every 3 to 4 hours for 2 to 3 days, or until the pain is gone. 3 Compress your thigh using an elastic bandage or tape. 4 Take anti-inflammatory painkillers. 1", "Healing Time. The length of time it takes a pulled chest muscle to heal depends on the severity and the kind of treatments applied. Expect a mild strain to become symptom-free after a week or two of treatment. ", "A muscle strain (or pulled muscle) is an overstretched or torn muscle. Back strain is the most common cause of back pain, especially lower back pain. Muscle strain is often caused by overuse of a muscle or overloading a muscle. When a muscle is stressed beyond its limits, injury occurs. Relief from pain and inflammation from pulled back muscles / ligaments can be obtained by applying ice to the injury (wrap ice in cloth-do not apply ice directly to skin) for 15 to 20 minutes every 4 hours for two or three days. The cold helps reduce pain and inflammation and is also a distraction from the back pain." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_does_a_pulled_shoulder_muscle_take_to_heal", "http://www.ehow.com/facts_5007338_long-does-heal-pulled-muscle.html", "http://www.activebeat.co/your-health/10-ways-to-help-heal-pulled-muscles/", "http://abcnews.go.com/Health/MensHealthQuestions/story?id=7927731", "http://www.everydayhealth.com/fitness/ask-jillian-how-long-should-i-wait-to-work-out-after-a-muscle-strain.aspx", "http://www.webmd.com/fitness-exercise/groin-pull", "http://www.ehow.com/way_5666390_long-heal-pulled-chest-muscle_.html", "http://www.bigbackpain.com/muscle-injuries.html" ] }

[ "Depending on the grade, pulled muscles can take one to eight weeks to heal. For the first 72 hours, apply ice, use elevation and, in consultation with a doctor, take anti-inflammatory medication. After 72 hours, use hot packs to bring blood into the muscle and provide nourishment, which accelerates healing. Treatment. For the first 72 hours, apply ice, use elevation and, in consultation with a doctor, take anti-inflammatory medication. After 72 hours, use hot packs to bring blood into the muscle and provide nourishment, which accelerates healing." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "backcross. in experimental genetics, union between a heterozygote of the first generation and one of its parents or an organism genetically identical to one of its parents. double backcross the mating between a double heterozygote and a homozygote.", "It shows how greatly varied the coat types are in a second generation hybrid. The first generation poodle-wolf hybrid-uniform coats. The second generation poodle-wolf hybrid-varied coats. A second generation backcross pup (F2B) is the result of a Goldendoodle (F1) bred to a Goldendoodle backcross (F1b). Although three generations in the making, F2Bs are technically second generation dogs. A second generation Goldendoodle (F2) is the result of a Goldendoodle bred to a Goldendoodle-and there are very few of these actually bred as the second generation hybrid is genetically the most varied generation possible.", "In plants, inbred backcross lines (IBLs) refers to lines (i.e. populations) of plants derived from the repeated backcrossing of a line with artificially recombinant DNA with the wild type, operating some kind of selection that can be phenotypical or through a molecular marker (for the production of introgression lines). 1 If the recurrent parent is an elite genotype, at the end of the backcrossing programme an elite genotype is recovered. 2 As there is no new recombination, the elite combination is not lost.", "When a Golden Retriever is crossed with a Poodle, it is called an F1 cross (first generation hybrid), or an F1 Goldendoodle. These dogs are 50% Golden Retriever and 50% Poodle. The coat will vary between looking like a wavy coated retriever to a relaxed-curl poodle. This cross has a typical shaggy-dog look. A Goldendoodle is the dog born of a cross between a Golden Retriever and a Poodle. A Double Doodle is the cross between a Goldendoodle and a Labradoodle (Labradoodles are a cross between a Labrador and a Poodle). They are also known as North American Retrievers.", "double back cross. Definitions: 1. a mating that is a back cross at each of two loci of interest; of special value and importance in linkage analysis. The definition information for double back cross is provided by Stedman's. You can search our medical dictionary here. ", "Backcrossing is a crossing of a hybrid with one of its parents or an individual genetically similar to its parent, in order to achieve offspring with a genetic identity which is closer to that of the parent. It is used in horticulture, animal breeding and in production of gene knockout organisms. 1 If the recurrent parent is an elite genotype, at the end of the backcrossing programme an elite genotype is recovered. 2 As there is no new recombination, the elite combination is not lost.", "1. backcross-mate a hybrid of the first generation with one of its parents. crossbreed, hybridise, hybridize, interbreed, cross-breed animals or plants using parents of different races and varieties; cross a horse and a donkey; Mendel tried crossbreeding; these species do not interbreed. 1 Facebook. ", "From a genetic standpoint a backcross pup is a first generation cross. As breeders are breeding towards nonshedding and allergy friendliness, a backcross Goldendoodle is generally the product of a Goldendoodle bred to a Poodle. A second generation Goldendoodle (F2) is the result of a Goldendoodle bred to a Goldendoodle-and there are very few of these actually bred as the second generation hybrid is genetically the most varied generation possible.", "An Australian Double Doodle or an Australian Goldendoodle is the cross between a Goldendoodle and an Australian Labradoodle (an Australian Labradoodle is the cross between a Labrador, Poodle, and in some cases English and American Cocker Spaniels, Irish Water Spaniels, and Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers). A Goldendoodle is the dog born of a cross between a Golden Retriever and a Poodle. A Double Doodle is the cross between a Goldendoodle and a Labradoodle (Labradoodles are a cross between a Labrador and a Poodle). They are also known as North American Retrievers.", "backcross. in experimental genetics, union between a heterozygote of the first generation and one of its parents or an organism genetically identical to one of its parents. double backcross the mating between a double heterozygote and a homozygote." ], "url": [ "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/backcross", "http://www.goldendoodles.com/faqs/generations.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backcrossing", "http://aspenhilldoodles.com/Goldendoodles.htm", "http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=21484", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backcrossing", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/double+backcross", "http://www.goldendoodles.com/faqs/generations.htm", "http://aspenhilldoodles.com/Goldendoodles.htm", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/double+backcross" ] }

[ "backcross. in experimental genetics, union between a heterozygote of the first generation and one of its parents or an organism genetically identical to one of its parents. double backcross the mating between a double heterozygote and a homozygote." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Report Abuse. Aminogen is a natural product that helps your body absorb protein that is in your diet. People consume lots of protein but their body doesn't absorb it properly which can lead to constipation much like a lack of fiber in your diet. visit http://www.nowingoodhealth.com. Source(s): I am a wellness coach. A natural, plant-derived enzyme, Aminogen is ideal for increasing lean body mass and strength and promoting deep muscle recovery. And Aminogen does all this while supporting protein digestion and reducing or eliminating the gas, bloating and constipation protein can sometimes cause.", "Aminogen latches onto foods that contain amino acids as they are being digested. Aminogen then ensures that those amino acids, which are used to create protein, are absorbed correctly into the body. The problem is, none of this actually explains what Aminogen actually is. Simply put, it is essential to the function of the human body. However, no matter how much protein you take, the body can only absorb so much of it, and this is where Aminogen is supposed to come in. Supposedly, Aminogen helps your body to absorb more of the protein that you ingest.", "The patented ingredient Aminogen, owned by Triarco Industries, is added to high quality protein powders and other products to increase protein absorption and amino acid levels. [1]. The digestive proteases in Aminogen help break down ingested protein into individual amino acids. The amino acids are then absorbed by the body to maintain and repair damaged cells, muscle tissue, and organs.", "Aminogen is a special patented protein-digesting enzyme blend that can help you get the most out of your whey protein while eliminating any bloating or constipation. High protein diets have become increasingly popular among people looking to increase or maintain lean muscle mass while decreasing body fat. Another benefit of Aminogen is that it reduces some of the gas, bloating, cramping and/or constipation that can occur when some people eat a higher protein diet and include whey protein products. As some people know, this protein “gassiness” is not a pleasant side effect, so Aminogen is a sought-after addition.", "Aminogen is a blend of digestive proteases (enzymes) developed from two fungal strands, Aspergillus niger and aspergillus oryzae. Both are commonly used in industrial food fermentation processes for their ability to break down protein. The digestive proteases in Aminogen help break down ingested protein into individual amino acids. The amino acids are then absorbed by the body to maintain and repair damaged cells, muscle tissue, and organs.", "Aminogen is a natural product that helps your body absorb protein that is in your diet. People consume lots of protein but their body doesn't absorb it properly which can lead to constipation much like a lack of fiber in your diet. visit http://www.nowingoodhealth.com. A natural, plant-derived enzyme, Aminogen is ideal for increasing lean body mass and strength and promoting deep muscle recovery. And Aminogen does all this while supporting protein digestion and reducing or eliminating the gas, bloating and constipation protein can sometimes cause.", "Aminogen allows the body to use more of the protein in your protein supplement. By using more protein, less protein needs to be excreted. Gastrointestinal discomfort is thereby reduced, and you can see more results. The digestive proteases in Aminogen help break down ingested protein into individual amino acids. The amino acids are then absorbed by the body to maintain and repair damaged cells, muscle tissue, and organs.", "Aminogen is a chemical compound found in many different supplements, produced by multiple manufacturers. It is a patented enzyme combination which works with amino acids in the body to enhance their absorption and aid the process of digestion. Instead of having to purchase amino acids, taking this product helps to ensure the absorption of more protein and amino acids from the foods already eaten. It works best when combined with a high protein diet, so it should not be used with normal diets and is more suited for a body builder or an athlete.", "Aminogen and What it is. According to companies that use Aminogen in their supplement product, Aminogen is a compound that allows for the complete absorption of protein in the body. If you are an athlete, and perhaps even if you aren’t, you know that there are multiple benefits to protein. Simply put, it is essential to the function of the human body. However, no matter how much protein you take, the body can only absorb so much of it, and this is where Aminogen is supposed to come in. Supposedly, Aminogen helps your body to absorb more of the protein that you ingest." ], "url": [ "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080927213047AAe8UCt", "https://www.exercise.com/supplements/aminogen", "http://www.xpisupplements.com/what-is-aminogen/", "http://www.getprograde.com/protein-powders-and-aminogen.html", "http://www.xpisupplements.com/what-is-aminogen/", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080927213047AAe8UCt", "http://www.xpisupplements.com/what-is-aminogen/", "http://www.dietspotlight.com/aminogen-review/", "https://www.exercise.com/supplements/aminogen" ] }

[ "The patented ingredient Aminogen, owned by Triarco Industries, is added to high quality protein powders and other products to increase protein absorption and amino acid levels. [1]. The digestive proteases in Aminogen help break down ingested protein into individual amino acids. The amino acids are then absorbed by the body to maintain and repair damaged cells, muscle tissue, and organs." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "August 14, 2015 - A rat 's ribs are hinged at the spine, enabling it to easily squeeze through the tightest spaces—like the pipes draining your toilet. And rats are great swimmers too; they can hold their breath for up to three minutes. See how quickly a rat can go from the city streets to your bathroom. ", "The average person can hold there breath for about 30 to 40 seconds, not that long uh. But some people mainly free divers who have been diving for a long period of time their … lungs and heart have expanded and got used to holding their breath for longer times. Plus, when they are resting motionless or sleeping, they can hold their breath for several hours at a time. This is due to the lack of activity, and stress while they are sleeping. The more activity and stress they experience the more often they must breath.", "Special properties of an oxygen-binding protein in the muscles of marine mammals, such as seals, whales and dolphins, are the reason these animals can hold their breath underwater for long periods of time, according to a new study. Many of these mammalian divers can hold their breath underwater for over an hour, while land-based mammals, such as humans, can only do so for a few minutes at most.", "1 Some snakes can hold their breath underwater for up to 30 minutes. 2 In 1992 a snake fatality occurred when a person was trying to kill a snake, perhaps believing it could not effectively bite him underwater. 3 It could. 1 Snakes can and do come out at night. 2 On very hot days, many snakes will avoid the heat and emerge in the evening. 3 Some snakes can hold their breath underwater for up to 30 minutes. 4", "The average person can hold there breath for about 30 to 40 seconds, not that long uh. But some people mainly free divers who have been diving for a long period of time their … lungs and heart have expanded and got used to holding their breath for longer times. There was a case in NYC which a man for the Guinness Records held his breath for 15 minutes. 48 people found this useful.", "With the benefit of breathing pure oxygen first, the current Guinness World Record for holding your breath underwater is held by Ricardo Bahia of Brazil at a whopping 20 minutes 21 seconds! Most people in good health can hold their breath for approximately two minutes. Thanks for telling us how long you can hold your breath under water-that sure is a long time! PHEW! We think it's incredible to learn about the world record for the longest amount of time underwater! We think it's cool, but not cool enough to try holding our breath that long without adult supervision! Safety first!", "The time it takes them to completely exhale, and then inhale fresh air, is only one to three seconds. Plus, when they are resting motionless or sleeping, they can hold their breath for several hours at a time. This is due to the lack of activity, and stress while they are sleeping. But some people mainly free divers who have been diving for a long period of time their … lungs and heart have expanded and got used to holding their breath for longer times. There was a case in NYC which a man for the Guinness Records held his breath for 15 minutes. 48 people found this useful.", "How long can a rat hold its breath under water. Rats can swim 1/2 mil in open sea a& tread water for 3 days. They can dive 100' underwater & hold their breath for as long as 15 min. ", "Swimming: Rats can swim 1/2 mile in open sea and tread water for 3 days. They can dive 100 feet underwater and hold their breath for as long as 15 minutes. Warren Culture: Pack size can range from 15 to 220 individuals. One dominant male rat lives with a harem of several female rats. ", "Hi, Wonderopolis! I can hold my breath for 1 minute and 15 seconds. I can't imagine somebody holding their breath for 11 minutes!! That is crazy! Me and my family are going to see Despicable me 2 either tomorrow or the next day. Thanks for telling us how long you can hold your breath under water-that sure is a long time! PHEW! We think it's incredible to learn about the world record for the longest amount of time underwater! We think it's cool, but not cool enough to try holding our breath that long without adult supervision! Safety first!" ], "url": [ "http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/news/150811-rats-toilet-swimming-vin", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_could_a_muskrat_hold_their_breath_under_water", "http://blogs.voanews.com/science-world/2013/06/14/scientists-discover-how-marine-mammals-hold-their-breath-for-long-periods/", "http://snakeprotex.com.au/uncategorized/snake-facts-which-you-probably-didnt-know", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_can_rats_hold_their_breath_under_water", "http://wonderopolis.org/wonder/how-long-can-you-hold-your-breath-underwater/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_can_rats_hold_their_breath_under_water", "http://www.kgbanswers.com/how-long-can-a-rat-hold-its-breath-under-water/18989355", "http://www.terrierman.com/aboutrats.htm", "http://wonderopolis.org/wonder/how-long-can-you-hold-your-breath-underwater/" ] }

[ "Swimming: Rats can swim 1/2 mile in open sea and tread water for 3 days. They can dive 100 feet underwater and hold their breath for as long as 15 minutes. Warren Culture: Pack size can range from 15 to 220 individuals. One dominant male rat lives with a harem of several female rats. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Definition. An amount of funds in an income trust that may be transferred to the unit holders. Can also be used in reference to estate trusts in that it is the maximum taxable amount of income to be distributed from that trust to the receiving beneficiary.", "How Prop. Regs. on the Definition of Income Affect Total Return Trusts. Before using total return trusts, practitioners should carefully analyze the tax consequences, and should consider the impact of new Proposed Regulations that revise the definition of trust income. LAURA HOWELL-SMITH, J.D., LL.M. For example, a state law that provides for the income beneficiary to receive each year a unitrust amount of between 3% and 5% of the annual FMV of the trust assets is a reasonable apportionment of the total return of the trust. Prop.", "Definition. Profits generated by a company that are not distributed to stockholders (shareholders) as dividends but are either reinvested in the business or kept as a reserve for specific objectives (such as to pay off a debt or purchase a capital asset). Retained earnings are reduced by losses, and are also called accumulated earnings, accumulated profit, accumulated income, accumulated surplus, earned surplus, undistributed earnings, or undivided profits.", "The trustee did not file a U.S. income tax return for the taxable year 1963. The distributable net income of the trust before distributions to the beneficiary for 1963 is $60,000 ($57,000 of which is cash). During 1963 the trustee made distributions to the U.S. beneficiary equaling one-half of the trust's distributable net income or $30,000. 26 CFR Part 1. This document provides a notice of public hearing on proposed regulations that provide guidance regarding when a foreign insurance company's income is excluded from the definition of passive income under section 1297(b)(2)(B).", "Definition. The amount of earnings, after paying dividends, which a corporation has not paid out to stockholders. The income is usually accumulated to be reinvested to the business. Also called undistributed net earnings and retained earnings. URL to this page: http://www.investorwords.com/19239/undistributed_net_income.html. Copyright © 2015 by WebFinance, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Reproduction of all or part of this glossary, in any format, without the written consent of WebFinance, Inc. is prohibited.", "The amount of earnings, after paying dividends, which a corporation has not paid out to stockholders. The income is usually accumulated to be reinvested to the business. URL to this page: http://www.investorwords.com/19239/undistributed_net_income.html. Copyright © 2015 by WebFinance, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Reproduction of all or part of this glossary, in any format, without the written consent of WebFinance, Inc. is prohibited.", "(1) The amount of income required to be distributed currently and any other amounts properly paid or credited or required to be distributed to beneficiaries in the taxable year as specified in paragraphs (1) and (2) ofsection 661(a), and. (2) The amount of taxes imposed on the trust, as defined in§ 1.665(d)-1. 26 CFR Part 1. This document provides a notice of public hearing on proposed regulations that provide guidance regarding when a foreign insurance company's income is excluded from the definition of passive income under section 1297(b)(2)(B).", "Most earnings retained are re-invested into the company's operations. Year-on-year tracking of the ratio of undistributed profits to dividends is important to fundamental analysis to investigate whether a company is increasing or decreasing its rate of re-investment. Undistributed profits form part of a company's equity, and are owned by shareholders. They are also called retained earnings, accumulated profits, undivided profits, and earned surplus.", "Key Terms. A special account is used to track undistributed earnings of an S corporation that have been taxed to shareholders previously. Distributions from this account, known as the accumulated adjustments account (AAA), are tax-free. The amount of any distribution to an S corporation shareholder is equal to the cash plus the fair market value of any other property distributed. How the distribution is taxed depends upon whether the S corporation has C corporation accumulated earnings and profits (AEP, described in Chapter 19).", "One option is to create two separate accounts for the profits, one they can use to distribute the profits and another that will not be distributable. In other words, you can withdraw money from one of the accounts, and from the other you cannot. Both of these accounts are known as reserves in accounting. At the point in time when the management decide they want to pay themselves with some of the profits, they take money out of the distributable profits account." ], "url": [ "http://www.investorwords.com/18092/distributable_net_income_DNI.html", "http://www.leimberg.com/freeResources/truArticles/definitionOfIncome.html", "http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/retained-earnings.html", "https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/26/1.665(a)-1", "http://www.investorwords.com/19239/undistributed_net_income.html", "http://www.investorwords.com/19239/undistributed_net_income.html", "https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/26/1.665(a)-1", "http://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/undistributed+profits", "http://www.cengage.com/resource_uploads/static_resources/0324304943/6698/Definitions-22.html", "http://www.accounting-basics-for-students.com/equity-distributed-and-undistributed-profits.html" ] }

[ "Definition. An amount of funds in an income trust that may be transferred to the unit holders. Can also be used in reference to estate trusts in that it is the maximum taxable amount of income to be distributed from that trust to the receiving beneficiary.", "Definition. The amount of earnings, after paying dividends, which a corporation has not paid out to stockholders. The income is usually accumulated to be reinvested to the business. Also called undistributed net earnings and retained earnings. URL to this page: http://www.investorwords.com/19239/undistributed_net_income.html. Copyright © 2015 by WebFinance, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Reproduction of all or part of this glossary, in any format, without the written consent of WebFinance, Inc. is prohibited." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Season the pigeon breasts with salt and freshly ground pepper and place on the hot griddle pan. Cook for just a few minutes on each side until cooked to your liking, then remove from the heat and set aside in a warm place for at least five minutes. 7. Cook the sauce until it is reduced by two thirds-this will take about 12-15 minutes. Season to taste, strain and keep warm. 4. Place the leeks in a saucepan of boiling, salted water and blanch for 10 seconds. With a pair of tongs, remove the leeks from the boiling water and plunge into a bowl of ice-cold water.", "Once the pigeon is cooked you must remove it from the oven and let it relax. This involves simply leaving it in a plate-warming oven for ten minutes. If you don’t have one of these ovens, a similar effect can be achieved by wrapping the piping hot bird in tin foil. When you roast the pigeon you need to make sure your preheated oven is set to a very high temperature. You may need to bear in mind that my ovens are commercial and hold their temperature better than a domestic appliance.", "5. Sit the bird breast-side up, transfer to a roasting tin and place in the oven. Roast for 10-12 minutes to achieve pink meat, or cook for a further 2-4 minutes for well-done (don’t forget to baste the bird halfway through). 6. The best pigeons for roasting are young birds. As squab (farmed) pigeon are never any older than 1 month old, it’s best to buy these, unless your game merchant can guarantee that wild birds being sold are young (younger wild birds tend to have paler flesh-also look out for birds with a good layer of fat under the skin).", "Once roasted, the sweet juices and crisp skin of a pigeon is absolutely unmissable-perfect for a rustic, gamey Sunday roast. Their petit size also means that diners get a whole bird to themselves-a thoroughly impressive touch. The best pigeons for roasting are young birds. As squab (farmed) pigeon are never any older than 1 month old, it’s best to buy these, unless your game merchant can guarantee that wild birds being sold are young (younger wild birds tend to have paler flesh-also look out for birds with a good layer of fat under the skin).", "Please try again later. First I pluck the pigeon,gut it and then cook the pigeon.The pigeon is roasted whole and served on a bed of celeriac mash with a port sauce.The whole process shown,filmed upclose and in HD. The best way to achieve perfect pink and tender pigeon,many thanks. ", "Wipe out the roasting pan. Let the pigeons rest for the 10 minutes or so this will take. When the oven is ready, put the pigeons into the roasting pan, breast side up. Roast for 10 minutes. Remove the pigeons from the oven and set on a cutting board. Turn off the oven, pour the vegetables back into the roasting pan, toss with the chopped parsley and set into the oven to re-warm and cook a bit further. Let the pigeons rest for 5 minutes before serving. Salt them well and pop them in the oven to roast. Take the pigeons out of the fridge when the veggies go into the oven. Let the pigeons come to room temperature for 30 minutes. Stir the root vegetables, which should be starting to get brown.", "Place the leeks in an ovenproof saucepan or baking sheet with a knob of butter. Transfer to the hot oven and cook until tender-this should take about 10-15 minutes. Heat a griddle pan until hot. Season the pigeon breasts with salt and freshly ground pepper and place on the hot griddle pan. Cook for just a few minutes on each side until cooked to your liking, then remove from the heat and set aside in a warm place for at least five minutes. For the mushrooms, heat a small frying pan", "Preheat the oven to 375 degrees Fahrenheit. Place a pat of butter inside the breast cavity of the pigeon, then wrap the pigeon with one or two slices of bacon. Place the pigeon on an oiled roasting rack with the breast facing up, then put the rack in a roasting pan. Roast the pigeon for 15 minutes. Remove the bacon and cook the bird for an additional 10 to 20 minutes, or until the pigeon is golden brown. Place the roasted pigeon on a serving plate and let it rest for at least three minutes before serving. Combine a small amount of olive oil or cooking oil, minced garlic and fresh herbs, such as thyme or rosemary. " ], "url": [ "https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20071110155319AACkH0E", "http://www.sportingshooter.co.uk/features/game-cooking/the_perfect_pigeon_1_1529649", "http://www.greatbritishchefs.com/how-to-cook/how-to-roast-a-whole-pigeon", "http://www.greatbritishchefs.com/how-to-cook/how-to-roast-a-whole-pigeon", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PPH5U6goHDw", "http://honest-food.net/2014/12/22/roast-pigeon-recipe/", "http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/recipe135_83658", "http://www.ehow.com/how_12329487_cook-pigeons.html" ] }

[ "Preheat the oven to 375 degrees Fahrenheit. Place a pat of butter inside the breast cavity of the pigeon, then wrap the pigeon with one or two slices of bacon. Place the pigeon on an oiled roasting rack with the breast facing up, then put the rack in a roasting pan. Roast the pigeon for 15 minutes. Remove the bacon and cook the bird for an additional 10 to 20 minutes, or until the pigeon is golden brown. Place the roasted pigeon on a serving plate and let it rest for at least three minutes before serving. Combine a small amount of olive oil or cooking oil, minced garlic and fresh herbs, such as thyme or rosemary. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "When I started using Retin-A under my eyes a few years ago I also experienced a worsening of my lines under my eyes. This phase lasted about 8 weeks. Once my undereye area grew accustomed to the Retin-A, my under eye area went back to looking like it always did before. Slowly after that, I started to see improvements.", "I've been using retin-a (500mcg) under my eyes as I've noticed fine wrinkles appearing under my lower eyelids and deep lines on my lower eyelids.", "I use it every night, except when my skin is peeling too much from use. Then I either switch to every other night, or put a moisturizer on first (incidentally, my dermatologist said the Retin-A should be put on first, under the moisturizer). I rarely ever get pimples in the areas I use the product.", "You may be having a problem because retin-a is not a spot treatment-if you are dabbing it under your eyes you may well be using too much. I spread retin-a and obaji blender all over face and neck and what is left on my fingers after that I put on eyes (top and bottom).", "When using Retin-A avoid exposure to sunlight or artificial UV rays (sunlamps or tanning beds). Retin-A can make your skin more sensitive to sunlight and sunburn may result.", "I used Retin A under my eyes to get rid of those blasted milia spots or whatever the hell they are. It didn't work and I think it made my dark circles worse. I am on Obagi now and my derm says that the products I'm using now CAN be applied to the undereye area, albeit sparingly. Don't bother with Retin-A - see a derm.", "Now that my eye area is used to Retin-A I can go without an eye cream or moisturizer if I want to. I use Retin-A every other night during the colder months including under my eyes because my skin is drier during the winter.", "Avoid getting Retin-A in your eyes, mouth, and nose, or on your lips. If it does get into any of these areas, wash with water. Do not use Retin-A on sunburned, windburned, dry, chapped, irritated, or broken skin. Also avoid using this medication in wounds or on areas of eczema.", "Hi Angela~ I wasn’t using the Retin-A under my eyes in this post, but after I got up to every night my skin was acclimated and I started putting it on under the eyes with no problems. So you can eventually put it there, just be careful at first." ], "url": [ "http://www.essentialdayspa.com/forum/viewthread.php?tid=33612", "http://messageboards.makemeheal.com/retinoids-vitamin/help-think-destroyed-eyes-t33567.html", "http://www.druglib.com/ratingsreviews/retin-a/", "http://messageboards.makemeheal.com/retinoids-vitamin/help-think-destroyed-eyes-t33567.html", "http://www.drugs.com/retin-a.html", "http://messageboards.makemeheal.com/retinoids-vitamin/help-think-destroyed-eyes-t33567.html", "http://www.essentialdayspa.com/forum/viewthread.php?tid=33612", "http://www.drugs.com/retin-a.html", "http://www.hotandflashy50.com/retin-update-results-51-year-old-skin-9-months/" ] }

[ "I use it every night, except when my skin is peeling too much from use. Then I either switch to every other night, or put a moisturizer on first (incidentally, my dermatologist said the Retin-A should be put on first, under the moisturizer). I rarely ever get pimples in the areas I use the product." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Isotopes are atoms of the same element (that is, with the same number of protons in their atomic nucleus), but having different numbers of neutrons. Most (66 of 94) naturally occurring elements have more than one stable isotope. Thus, for example, there are three main isotopes of carbon. The mass number of an element, A, is the number of nucleons (protons and neutrons) in the atomic nucleus. Different isotopes of a given element are distinguished by their mass numbers, which are conventionally written as a superscript on the left hand side of the atomic symbol (e.g., 238 U).", "We'll learn about what isotopes are and how to write atomic number and mass number in isotope notation. We talk about a simple analogy with cars to explain this tutorial. Isotopes are versions of an atom or an element that have the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons. Isotopes and isotope notation are particularly important in nuclear chemistry. ", "These different versions of hydrogen are called isotopes. All isotopes of a particular element have the same number of protons, but have a different number of neutrons. If you change the number of neutrons an atom has, you make an isotope of that element. Currently, scientists know of 118 different elements. Some, like gold, silver, copper and carbon, have been known for thousands of years.", "The number of nucleons (both protons and neutrons) in the nucleus is the atom's mass number, and each isotope of a given element has a different mass number. For example, carbon-12, carbon-13 and carbon-14 are three isotopes of the element carbon with mass numbers 12, 13 and 14 respectively. These 53 stable nuclides have an even number of protons and an odd number of neutrons. They are a minority in comparison to the even-even isotopes, which are about 3 times as numerous. Among the 41 even-Z elements that have a stable nuclide, only three elements (argon, cerium, and lead) have no even-odd stable nuclides.", "an isotope is an atom that is heavier or lighter than a normal atom of the same element. the number of protons is different. for example, carbon usually has an atomic mass of … 12: 6 protons, 6 neutrons. but in carbon 14 (an isotope of carbon), there are 6 protons and 8 neutrons. Atoms with the SAME number of protons/electrons but DIFFERENT numbers of neutrons are called isotopes. Now ALL chemical properties of an atom are determined by the number of electrons in it ONLY (which by definition is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus).", "(Answer #2). The atom is made up of three major particles. Protons and neutrons which make up the nucleus and electrons which surround the nucleus. It is the number of protons, or the atomic number, the one that makes an element what it is. If you change the number of protons, you no longer have that element. The other nuclear particle is the neutron. The mass number is a sum of the number of protons, or atomic number, and the number of neutrons. ", "Each isotope of an element has the same atomic number, but a different atomic mass. In carbon, 99 percent of the atoms are isotope carbon 12, and 1 percent are carbon 13. Both isotopes have six protons, but carbon 12 has six neutrons, while carbon 13 has seven. A substance made up of one kind of atom is an element. Gold is an element because it only contains gold atoms. Water is not an element because it contains hydrogen and oxygen atoms. Scientists list the elements by atomic number in the PERIODIC TABLE.", "Isotopes are variants of a particular chemical element which differ in neutron number, although all isotopes of a given element have the same number of protons in each atom. These 53 stable nuclides have an even number of protons and an odd number of neutrons. They are a minority in comparison to the even-even isotopes, which are about 3 times as numerous. Among the 41 even-Z elements that have a stable nuclide, only three elements (argon, cerium, and lead) have no even-odd stable nuclides.", "Each combination of an element with a different number of neutrons is called an isotope. Isotopes that are radioactive disintegrate or decay in a predictable way and at a specific rate to make other isotopes. The radioactive isotope is called the parent, and the isotope formed by the decay is called the daughter. ", "Part of the Computing fundamentals glossary: An isotope is a form of a chemical element whose atomic nucleus contains a specific number of neutron s, in addition to the number of proton s that uniquely defines the element. The nuclei of most atom s contain neutrons as well as protons. For any element, one of the isotopes is more abundant in nature than any of the others, although often multiple isotopes of a single element are mixed. The isotope of an element is defined by the nucleon number, which is the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons in the atomic nucleus." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_element", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EboWeWmh5Pg", "http://education.jlab.org/qa/element.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotope", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_makes_an_atom_an_isotope", "http://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-makes-isotopes-same-element-differ-from-each-162025", "http://www.factmonster.com/dk/encyclopedia/elements.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotope", "http://minerals.cr.usgs.gov/gips/na/radio.html", "http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/isotope" ] }

[ "These different versions of hydrogen are called isotopes. All isotopes of a particular element have the same number of protons, but have a different number of neutrons. If you change the number of neutrons an atom has, you make an isotope of that element. Currently, scientists know of 118 different elements. Some, like gold, silver, copper and carbon, have been known for thousands of years." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Most eye floaters are caused by small flecks of a protein called collagen. The back compartment of the eye is filled with a gel-like substance called vitreous humor. As you age, the vitreous and its millions of fine collagen fibers shrink and become shred-like. Shreds can accumulate in the vitreous.", "Posterior uveitis, which can cause eye floaters, may be caused by infection or inflammatory diseases, among other ... tear may lead to retinal detachment — an accumulation of fluid behind the retina that causes it to ... Untreated retinal detachment can cause permanent vision loss. ...", "Most eye floaters are caused by age-related changes that occur as the jelly-like substance (vitreous) inside your eyes becomes more liquid. Microscopic fibers within the vitreous tend to clump and can cast tiny shadows on your retina, which appear to you as floaters.", "Causes of floaters. Floaters are caused by small pieces of debris that float in the vitreous humour of the eye. They occur behind the lens and in front of the retina. The lens is a small clear structure that focuses light as it enters the eye.", "New or different floaters may appear in your field of vision ... The doctor may use an instrument with a bright light and a special lens to examine the inside of your eyes. ... The silicone material indents the wall of the eye and relieves some of the force caused by the vitreous tugging on ...", "Floaters in the eye are usually caused by age, but eye injuries or serious vision-threatening conditions such as retinal holes, tears, or detachments can cause them. As we age, the vitreous humor (the jelly-like substance that fills the inner eye) begins to clump in certain areas.", "Eye floaters can appear as black or gray dots, lines, cobwebs, or blobs. Occasionally, a large floater may cast a shadow over your vision and cause a large, dark spot in your sight. Because the floaters are inside the fluid of your eye, they will move as your eyes move.", "Eye floaters can be clumpy or stringy; light or dark. They are caused by clumps of tissue embedded in the gel-like fluid (vitreous) in the back of the eye, which cast shadows on the retina when light enters the eye. Click on the image to see floaters in action.", "Age-related changes to the eye are the most common cause of eye floaters. The cornea and lens at the front of the eye focus light onto the retina at the back of the eye. As the light passes from the front of the eye to the back, it passes through the vitreous humor, a jelly-like substance inside your eyeball." ], "url": [ "http://www.webmd.com/eye-health/benign-eye-floaters", "http://www.lifescript.com/health/centers/rheumatoid_arthritis/s.aspx?query=what+causes+eye+floaters", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/eye-floaters/basics/definition/CON-20033061", "http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Floaters/Pages/Causes.aspx", "http://www.lifescript.com/health/centers/migraine/s.aspx?query=eye+floaters+causes", "http://www.eyehealthweb.com/eye-floaters/", "http://www.healthline.com/symptom/eye-floaters", "http://www.allaboutvision.com/conditions/spotsfloats.htm", "http://www.healthline.com/symptom/eye-floaters" ] }

[ "Most eye floaters are caused by age-related changes that occur as the jelly-like substance (vitreous) inside your eyes becomes more liquid. Microscopic fibers within the vitreous tend to clump and can cast tiny shadows on your retina, which appear to you as floaters." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Promptly remove hard-cooked eggs from the cooking and cooling water. 2 Leaving them sitting underwater can foster bacteria growth. ( 3 If you peel any hard-cooked egg and the white feels slimy, it's a sign that bacteria have begun to grow, and the egg should be discarded.). 1 Once peeled, they should be used immediately. 2 Keep in mind that, like their raw counterparts, hard-cooked eggs can absorb flavors and odors from foods on neighboring refrigerator shelves. 3 It's best to keep smelly foods like onions and cheese in airtight containers.", "1 If you've cooked eggs with a week's worth of lunches in mind, leave them in the shell. 2 The shell is the best form of protection a hard-cooked egg has, says American Egg Board spokeswoman Linda Braun. 3 Stored dry and refrigerated, the eggs will keep for about 1 week. 1 Once peeled, they should be used immediately. 2 Keep in mind that, like their raw counterparts, hard-cooked eggs can absorb flavors and odors from foods on neighboring refrigerator shelves. 3 It's best to keep smelly foods like onions and cheese in airtight containers.", "Rating Newest Oldest. Best Answer: no eggs have salmonella in them and must be refrigerated or eaten that day Bacteria, if they are present at all, are most likely to be in the white and will be unable to grow, mostly due to lack of nutrients. As the egg ages, however, the white thins and the yolk membrane weakens. ", "No Follow. Refrigerate leftover hard-cooked eggs in the shell within two hours of cooking them and they should keep well for over one to one and a half weeks. It's best to place them in a container or plastic bag so they don't absorb refrigerator smells and flavors. Headline Clickable. Refrigerate leftover hard-cooked eggs in the shell within two hours of cooking them and they should keep well for over one to one and a half weeks.", "up vote 0 down vote. I've been cooking my eggs in a small round pan. To keep that shape, I'll cook 4 batches for 4 days at a time, then place them in fridge. Wake up, grab one round cooked egg, nuke in the microwave for 30 secs and it tastes great to me on a piece of Ezekiel bread. ", "1 Stored dry and refrigerated, the eggs will keep for about 1 week. 2 Once peeled, they should be used immediately. 3 Keep in mind that, like their raw counterparts, hard-cooked eggs can absorb flavors and odors from foods on neighboring refrigerator shelves. 1 Once peeled, they should be used immediately. 2 Keep in mind that, like their raw counterparts, hard-cooked eggs can absorb flavors and odors from foods on neighboring refrigerator shelves. 3 It's best to keep smelly foods like onions and cheese in airtight containers.", "1 Leftover raw egg whites and yolks should be put in airtight containers and stored in the refrigerator immediately. 2 To prevent yolks from drying out, cover them with a little cold water. 3 Drain the water before using. 4 When storing hard-cooked eggs, you may notice a gassy odour in your refrigerator. 1 To prevent yolks from drying out, cover them with a little cold water. 2 Drain the water before using. 3 When storing hard-cooked eggs, you may notice a gassy odour in your refrigerator. 4 The odour is caused by hydrogen sulphide, which forms when eggs are cooked.", "Hard-boiled eggs in their shells can be stored in the refrigerator for 2-3 weeks. Hard cooked eggs may be kept in the refrigerator for up to one week. Source(s): Rain · 8 years ago. Answers. Relevance. Rating Newest Oldest. Best Answer: Peeled hard-boiled eggs can be stored in the refrigerator in a bowl of cold water to cover for about 1 week (change the water daily) - or in a sealed container without water (cover the eggs with damp paper towels) for the same length of time." ], "url": [ "http://www.realsimple.com/food-recipes/shopping-storing/food/storing-hard-cooked-eggs", "http://www.realsimple.com/food-recipes/shopping-storing/food/storing-hard-cooked-eggs", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070728093353AAPcty6", "http://www.myrecipes.com/how-to/cooking-questions/how-long-hard-boiled-eggs-keep", "http://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/12832/omelettes-and-scrambled-eggs-how-long-can-i-store-them", "http://www.realsimple.com/food-recipes/shopping-storing/food/storing-hard-cooked-eggs", "http://www.eggs.ca/eggs101/view/39/egg-storage-freshness-and-food-safety", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070926015309AA8IggA" ] }

[ "Hard-boiled eggs in their shells can be stored in the refrigerator for 2-3 weeks. Hard cooked eggs may be kept in the refrigerator for up to one week. Source(s): Rain · 8 years ago. Answers. Relevance. Rating Newest Oldest. Best Answer: Peeled hard-boiled eggs can be stored in the refrigerator in a bowl of cold water to cover for about 1 week (change the water daily) - or in a sealed container without water (cover the eggs with damp paper towels) for the same length of time." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Mugen (無限, Infinity) is one of the main characters of Samurai Champloo along with Jin and Fuu. Both Mugen and Jin accompany Fuu in her search for the samurai who smells of sunflowers.. Mugen serves as a foil to Jin in terms of personality and disposition.", "Samurai Champloo is all about style, from the dj-style scratching scene changes to the hip-hop-inspired soundtrack to the eclectic character design. Mugen's fighting style is a funky meld of capoeira and limb-cutting, and Jin is the dramatic foil; he is all steel and old-school samurai style.", "A: Champloo, also spelled Champuru, is an Okinawan word meaning mixed up or stirred together. It's usually applied to a kind of stir-fry dish, but in a more general sense it's used to mean improvised, made up as you go along.", "Samurai Champloo (サムライチャンプルー, Samurai Chanpurū) is a Japanese anime series developed by Manglobe. It featured a production team led by director Shinichirō Watanabe, character designer Kazuto Nakazawa and mechanical designer Mahiro Maeda.", "Top Definition. champloo. Probably best known in the popular anime series Samurai Champloo, the actual word champloo means blend. Samurai Champloo is thus named because it is a blend of traditional japanese culture with a particularly funky hip-hop motif. The final product is one that somehow works albiet strange to first time viewers. Wow, the champloo of Dr. Pepper and Coke actually tastes pretty good!", "Mugen's highly unorthodox swordplay and a fighting style based on breaking-dubbed champuru kendo (Champloo Kendo in English) and ostensibly developed by himself-taking bits and pieces from all forms of martial arts and making up the rest on-the-go as he fights his opponents, make him a force to be reckoned with." ], "url": [ "http://champloo.wikia.com/wiki/Mugen", "http://www.anime-planet.com/anime/samurai-champloo", "http://www.spookhouse.net/angelynx/comics/champloo-faq.html", "http://champloo.wikia.com/wiki/Samurai_Champloo", "http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=champloo", "http://champloo.wikia.com/wiki/Mugen" ] }

[ "Top Definition. champloo. Probably best known in the popular anime series Samurai Champloo, the actual word champloo means blend. Samurai Champloo is thus named because it is a blend of traditional japanese culture with a particularly funky hip-hop motif. The final product is one that somehow works albiet strange to first time viewers. Wow, the champloo of Dr. Pepper and Coke actually tastes pretty good!" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "The Foot. A mollusk has a foot, the body's muscular section, responsible for movement. The foot of some mollusks has also adapted to attaching to rocks and grasping prey. To ease movement, mollusks such as snails and slugs release secretions from their feet, then slide along the mucus, forming a trail.", "Head/Foot-Has sense organs and is used for mobility. Mantle-Covers the body mass and can secrete a shell in some species. Body-Contains the main organs.", "A MOLLUSK'S THREE MAIN BODY PARTS. Although at first glance there's a world of difference between a slug and a clam, or a clam and an octopus, these creatures are fundamentally alike in being composed of these three main body parts: 1 A foot, on the animal's bottom, consisting mainly of muscle tissue. The soft, flat part beneath a snail is its foot A soft, fleshy body, located above the foot, and containing guts, heart, and other internal organs A mantle, covering the fleshy body. In most species the mantle secretes a shell.", "Mollusks have a thin layer of tissue called the mantle. The mantle covers the body organs, which are located in the visceral mass. Between the soft body and the mantle is a space called the mantle cavity. Mollusks contain gills. Gills are organs in which carbon dioxide from the mollusk is exchanged for oxygen in the water.", "The basic body structure, consisting of a foot, visceral mass, and mantle, is similar in most mollusks. The foot is located below the visceral mass. The external shell consists of three layers. The thin outer layer, called the periostracum, is made of a tough hornlike material and serves to protect the lower layers.", "The three regions of the body of the Mollusk are the head-foot, the visceral mass, and the mantle-shell." ], "url": [ "http://animals.mom.me/list-three-major-body-regions-mollusk-8070.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_three_distinct_body_parts_of_a_mollusk", "http://www.backyardnature.net/molluscs.htm", "http://mollusksscience.weebly.com/body-plan.html", "http://kids.britannica.com/comptons/article-204816/mollusk", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_three_regions_of_the_body_of_a_mollusk" ] }

[ "The three regions of the body of the Mollusk are the head-foot, the visceral mass, and the mantle-shell." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Traditionally, foods highest in magnesium content are green vegetables, whole grain cereals, nuts and beans, and seafood. According to USDA food charts (see a complete chart of magnesium rich foods), the five foods with the highest magnesium per typical serving are: 1 Halibut. 2 Mackeral. 3 Boiled spinach. 4 Bran breakfast cereal. The sources of magnesium include food, water, and supplements. While clearly a “good” source of magnesium is one that is readily available and easily absorbed, most experts recommend a combination of sources, taking advantage of both dietary magnesium and absorbable magnesium", "Food. Magnesium is widely distributed in plant and animal foods and in beverages. Green leafy vegetables, such as spinach, legumes, nuts, seeds, and whole grains, are good sources [ 1, 3 ]. In general, foods containing dietary fiber provide magnesium. Magnesium is also added to some breakfast cereals and other fortified foods. Some types of food processing, such as refining grains in ways that remove the nutrient-rich germ and bran, lower magnesium content substantially [ 1 ]. Selected food sources of magnesium are listed in Table 2", "Adding more of certain grains to your diet also helps you get more calcium, magnesium and potassium. Teff, a small grain from Ethiopia, and amaranth and quinoa, two slightly nutty-flavored grains from South America, are some of the grains highest in all three nutrients. Tomatoes, potatoes, carrots, radishes and garlic are good vegetables to eat more of. Leafy greens, such as beet greens, spinach, turnip greens and Swiss chard, provide magnesium, calcium and potassium as well.", "Among nuts, almonds, cashews, and peanuts are good sources of both potassium and magnesium. Among cereals, barley, oat bran, and brown rice help the body get an adequate amount of magnesium. Similarly, whole wheat grain when not refined, is also a natural source of magnesium in food. Among fruits, bananas are one of the richest natural sources of magnesium. They are also rich in potassium. Raisins contain magnesium as do figs. Figs, good sources of potassium and magnesium, help treat acute constipation. The most commonly available source of magnesium in a non-vegetarian diet is fish. Fish should be consumed after broiling, as deep frying reduces its magnesium content", "Other legumes rich in magnesium include black beans, kidney beans, white beans, chickpeas, black-eyed peas, and lentils. 1 Avocado Loaded with multivitamins, heart-healthy nutrients, and disease-thwarting chemical compounds, avocados are one of the most nutritious and versatile produce picks around. ", "The majority of good magnesium sources contain only about 10% or less of recommended daily amounts, as seen in a list of the magnesium content in common food sources of magnesium. Those that do contain more, such as certain nuts, fish and whole grains, are often eaten in too small quantities by the average person. ", "Many ingredients in our daily diet are good natural sources of magnesium. There are various natural sources of magnesium that also contain potassium. Leafy vegetables, cereals, milk products, nuts, legumes, and fruits are all good food sources of magnesium. Among fruits, bananas are one of the richest natural sources of magnesium. They are also rich in potassium. Raisins contain magnesium as do figs. Figs, good sources of potassium and magnesium, help treat acute constipation. The most commonly available source of magnesium in a non-vegetarian diet is fish. Fish should be consumed after broiling, as deep frying reduces its magnesium content", "Beans including black and kidney beans, black-eyed peas and lentils are good sources of several vitamins, minerals, protein and fiber, as well as potassium and magnesium. Include 3 to 4 cups of a variety of beans in your weekly meals. Photo Credit Ablestock.com/AbleStock.com/Getty Images. Potassium and magnesium are important minerals needed for all cells in the body to function properly. They are also both electrolytes, involved in conducting electricity throughout the body, affecting nerve function, muscle contraction and the rhythm of the heart.", "Magnesium, an abundant mineral in the body, is naturally present in many foods, added to other food products, available as a dietary supplement, and present in some medicines (such as antacids and laxatives). In general, foods containing dietary fiber provide magnesium. Magnesium is also added to some breakfast cereals and other fortified foods. Some types of food processing, such as refining grains in ways that remove the nutrient-rich germ and bran, lower magnesium content substantially [ 1 ]." ], "url": [ "http://www.ancient-minerals.com/magnesium-sources/", "http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/70088-list-foods-rich-magnesium-potassium/", "http://www.newsmax.com/FastFeatures/sources-magnesium-food-diet/2011/01/28/id/369829/", "http://www.everydayhealth.com/pictures/foods-high-in-magnesium/", "http://www.ancient-minerals.com/magnesium-sources/dietary/", "http://www.newsmax.com/FastFeatures/sources-magnesium-food-diet/2011/01/28/id/369829/", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/86292-foods-rich-potassium-magnesium/", "http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/" ] }

[ "Among nuts, almonds, cashews, and peanuts are good sources of both potassium and magnesium. Among cereals, barley, oat bran, and brown rice help the body get an adequate amount of magnesium. Similarly, whole wheat grain when not refined, is also a natural source of magnesium in food. Among fruits, bananas are one of the richest natural sources of magnesium. They are also rich in potassium. Raisins contain magnesium as do figs. Figs, good sources of potassium and magnesium, help treat acute constipation. The most commonly available source of magnesium in a non-vegetarian diet is fish. Fish should be consumed after broiling, as deep frying reduces its magnesium content" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "The ICTV classifies RNA viruses as those that belong to Group III, Group IV or Group V of the Baltimore classification system of classifying viruses and does not consider viruses with DNA intermediates in their life cycle as RNA viruses. The double-stranded (ds)RNA viruses represent a diverse group of viruses that vary widely in host range (humans, animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria), genome segment number (one to twelve), and virion organization (T-number, capsid layers, or turrets).", "Confidence votes 20.9K. Dna belongs to the groups of nucleotides called Two-Prime-De-Oxy-Ribo-Nucleic-Acid; while Rna stands for Ribo-Nucleic-Acid. ", "Among the organic macromolecules, enzymes belong in the category of proteins. Proteins are distinct from carbohydrates, nucleic acids and lipids in that a protein is made of amino acids. Amino acids link together into a chain that can fold into a three-dimensional shape. Each type of amino acid is defined by what is called its side group. Amino acids link together to form long chains called polypeptides. Portions of these chains then fold into secondary structures: helical structures or sheet-like structures.", "Rating Newest Oldest. Best Answer: They are, as people have said, both nucleic acids. The chemical difference between the two is that DNA is a deoxygenated form of RNA, hence the term deoxyribonucleic acid. It has one less oxygen molecule bound to it. Biological Dogma dictates that genetic information is held in the nucleus in the form of DNA. This DNA is transcribed into corresponding RNA molecules. These RNA molecules are then translated into proteins via the ribosomes, which are not inside the nucleus.", "Organic compounds include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). Carbohydrate s – groups of molecules that contain carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. Hydrogen and oxygen occur in the same ratio as in water (2:1) Carbohydrates include sugars and starches. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) molecule– adenine-containing RNA nucleotide (see Nucleic acids below) with two additional phosphate groups. Energy released in glucose catabolism is captured and stored in phosphate bonds of ATP. Lipids – molecules that are insoluble in water, but dissolve in other lipids and alcohol.", "DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid) are both nucleic acids, which means that they are both molecules made of nucleotides linked together. There are three wa … ys that RNA differs from DNA: 1) RNA is made of one strand of nucleotides instead of the two strands that make up DNA (a double helix). 2) Both contain a sugar, but RNA nucleotides contain ribose as opposed to deoxyribose, which is in DNA. In Biology. Unlike DNA, RNA is almost always a single-stranded molecule and has a much shorter chain of nucleotides. RNA contains ribose, rather than the deoxyribose found in DNA (there i … s a hydroxyl group attached to the pentose ring in the 2' position whereas RNA has two hydroxyl groups).", "3) As well as the nitrogen bases found in DNA, A (adenine), G (guanine), and C (cytosine), RNA nucleotides also have U (uracil) instead of T (thymine). U (uracil) is also complementary to A (adenine) when RNA base-pairs with another nucleic acid. In Biology. Unlike DNA, RNA is almost always a single-stranded molecule and has a much shorter chain of nucleotides. RNA contains ribose, rather than the deoxyribose found in DNA (there i … s a hydroxyl group attached to the pentose ring in the 2' position whereas RNA has two hydroxyl groups).", "Enzymes are proteins, meaning they are made of amino acids. There are 20 different types of amino acids. Each type of amino acid is defined by what is called its side group. Amino acids link together to form long chains called polypeptides. Portions of these chains then fold into secondary structures: helical structures or sheet-like structures.", "Hi Stephen--. DNA and RNA are both polymers that belong to a general class of biological molecules known as nucleic acids. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the fundamental molecule that stores genetic information in all organisms (except some viruses). " ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_virus", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_groups_do_Dna_and_Rna_belong_to", "http://education.seattlepi.com/organic-group-enzyme-belong-to-4853.html", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080708132216AArjr6r", "http://www.worcesterthinktank.com/sites/wtk.drupalgardens.com/files/uploads/AP%20students%20class%20notes%20-%20BiochemOrganic.pdf", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_group_do_RNA_molecules_belong_to", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_group_do_RNA_molecules_belong_to", "http://education.seattlepi.com/organic-group-enzyme-belong-to-4853.html", "http://en.allexperts.com/q/Genetics-1795/DNA-RNA.htm" ] }

[ "Hi Stephen--. DNA and RNA are both polymers that belong to a general class of biological molecules known as nucleic acids. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the fundamental molecule that stores genetic information in all organisms (except some viruses). " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Soluble. Most enzymes are globular. The primary way globular proteins maintain their tertiary structure is called the Hydrophobic Effect. Charged, polar hydrophilic residues on the surface. Non-polar residues seclude themselves in a hydrophobic core area. Other ways of maintaining 3 0 structure Salt Bridges and Disulfide Bridges. One feature that most globular proteins share is the ability to bind certain small molecules. The site where binding occurs is the active site. The small molecules that bind are called substrates.", "1. microtubules. 2. polymers of amino acids. 3. insoluble in water. 4. some function as enzymes. 5. structure is somewhat spherical. 6.myoglobin. 7. structure is rod-like. 8. function as structural proteins in the cell. 9. soluble in water. 10. exhibit primary structure. I said the following but got the incorrect answer: the explanation was to thinking about what shape fibrous ad globular proteins have.", "Globular proteins are water soluble proteins with spherical shapes and irregular amino acid sequences. The polypeptide chains are folded in, to form their shapes, and this shape is specific for each globular protein type. The water solubility of globular proteins enables them to transport through blood and other body fluids to various locations where their action is required. Fibrous proteins are water insoluble proteins that form various types of structures such as rigid, rod-like, sheet-like etc. As the name implies, most of the fibrous proteins are extensively cross-linked to form fibrous structures.", "The aqueous solubility of globular proteins allows them to exist in biological fluids as individual molecules or in small clusters and to accomplish a wide range of critical biological functions, for example, the enzymatic catalysis of chemical reactions. The shape assumed by a globular protein molecule tends to maximize both types of attractive forces, whereby. Figure 1. The 3-dimensional molecular structure of the globular protein polymerase β. The ribbon represents the backbone of the amino acid chain with the various amino acids depicted by shading.", "Fibrous vs Globular Proteins. Proteins are biological compounds that are composed of one or more polypeptide chains. Each polypeptide chain is made up of amino acids bound together by peptide bonds. Thus, the functional and structural unit of protein is amino acid. Fibrous proteins are water insoluble proteins that form various types of structures such as rigid, rod-like, sheet-like etc. As the name implies, most of the fibrous proteins are extensively cross-linked to form fibrous structures.", "Globular Protein. Photo by: Sebastian Kaulitzki. In a globular protein, the amino acid chain twists and folds in a manner that enhances the protein's solubility in water by placing polar groups of atoms at the protein's surface (where they can participate in attractive interactions with water molecules). The shape assumed by a globular protein molecule tends to maximize both types of attractive forces, whereby. Figure 1. The 3-dimensional molecular structure of the globular protein polymerase β. The ribbon represents the backbone of the amino acid chain with the various amino acids depicted by shading.", "Next. which of the following apply to fibrous proteins, which to globular proteins, and which to both 1. microtubules 2. polymers of amino acids 3. insoluble in water 4. some function as enzymes 5. structure is somewhat spherical 6.myoglobin 7. structure is rod-like 8. function as structural proteins in the... 5. structure is somewhat spherical. 6.myoglobin. 7. structure is rod-like. 8. function as structural proteins in the cell. 9. soluble in water. 10. exhibit primary structure. I said the following but got the incorrect answer: the explanation was to thinking about what shape fibrous ad globular proteins have.", "Similarly, nonpolar side chains exert attractive forces (of a different nature) toward other non-polar side chains within the protein. The shape assumed by a globular protein molecule tends to maximize both types of attractive forces, whereby. Figure 1. The 3-dimensional molecular structure of the globular protein polymerase β. The ribbon represents the backbone of the amino acid chain with the various amino acids depicted by shading.", "• Globular proteins are water soluble, whereas fibrous proteins are generally water insoluble. • Fibrous proteins involve in structural functions such as providing support and protection while globular proteins are responsible for certain metabolic functions such as catalysis, transport, and regulation. Fibrous proteins are water insoluble proteins that form various types of structures such as rigid, rod-like, sheet-like etc. As the name implies, most of the fibrous proteins are extensively cross-linked to form fibrous structures.", "differences between fibrous and globular. fibrous: regular sequence of amino acids, elongated strands of polypeptide chains, varied length, stable structure, insoluble, structural roles. globular: irregular sequence, spherical shape, identical length, unstable structure, soluble, functional(also structural) roles" ], "url": [ "http://www.nbs.csudh.edu/chemistry/faculty/nsturm/CHE450/05_Proteins-%20G,%20M,%20F.htm", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100916045542AAInQZe", "http://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-fibrous-and-vs-globular-proteins/", "http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Ge-Hy/Globular-Protein.html", "http://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-fibrous-and-vs-globular-proteins/", "http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Ge-Hy/Globular-Protein.html", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100916045542AAInQZe", "http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Ge-Hy/Globular-Protein.html", "http://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-fibrous-and-vs-globular-proteins/", "https://quizlet.com/15092456/fibrous-and-globular-protein-flash-cards/" ] }

[ "Globular proteins are water soluble proteins with spherical shapes and irregular amino acid sequences. The polypeptide chains are folded in, to form their shapes, and this shape is specific for each globular protein type. The water solubility of globular proteins enables them to transport through blood and other body fluids to various locations where their action is required. Fibrous proteins are water insoluble proteins that form various types of structures such as rigid, rod-like, sheet-like etc. As the name implies, most of the fibrous proteins are extensively cross-linked to form fibrous structures." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Full Definition of CHOLERA. : any of several diseases of humans and domestic animals usually marked by severe gastrointestinal symptoms; especially: an acute diarrheal disease caused by an enterotoxin produced by a comma-shaped gram-negative bacillus (Vibrio cholerae syn.", "Cholera is an infectious disease that causes severe watery diarrhea, which can lead to dehydration and even death if untreated. It is caused by eating food or drinking water contaminated with a bacterium called Vibrio cholerae.", "Cholera: An infectious disease characterized by intense vomiting and profuse watery diarrhea and that rapidly leads to dehydration and often death. Cholera is caused by infection with the bacteria Vibrio cholerae, which may be transmitted via infected fecal matter, food, or water.", "Cholera is a bacterial disease usually spread through contaminated water. Cholera causes severe diarrhea and dehydration. Left untreated, cholera can be fatal in a matter of hours, even in previously healthy people.", "Causes. Cholera is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. These bacteria release a toxin that causes an increased amount of water to be released from cells that line the intestines. The increase in water produces severe diarrhea. People get the infection from eating or drinking food or water containing the cholera germ." ], "url": [ "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cholera", "http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/cholera-faq", "http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=6534", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cholera/basics/definition/CON-20031469", "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000303.htm" ] }

[ "Cholera is an infectious disease that causes severe watery diarrhea, which can lead to dehydration and even death if untreated. It is caused by eating food or drinking water contaminated with a bacterium called Vibrio cholerae." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Harassment. Harassment is a form of employment discrimination that violates Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, (ADEA), and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, (ADA). Harassment becomes unlawful where 1) enduring the offensive conduct becomes a condition of continued employment, or 2) the conduct is severe or pervasive enough to create a work environment that a reasonable person would consider intimidating, hostile, or abusive.", "Sexual Harassment. Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature that tends to create a hostile or offensive work environment. Sexual harassment is a form of Sex Discrimination that occurs in the workplace. ", "The first is when an employer, supervisor or co-worker singles a person out for harassment because of that person’s race, color, creed, ancestry, national origin, age (40 and up), disability, sex, arrest or conviction record, marital status, sexual orientation or military services. “Sexual” harassment includes unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors and verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature when: Engaging in such conduct is made an implicit or explicit term or condition of employment.", "Sexual harassment refers to persistent and unwanted sexual advances, typically in the workplace, where the consequences of refusing are potentially very disadvantageous to the victim. Harassment that can happen anywhere but is most common in the workplace, and schools. It involves unwanted and unwelcome words, deeds, actions, gestures, symbols, or behaviours of a sexual nature that make the target feel uncomfortable.", "The Plain English Definition Of Workplace Harassment. Workplace harassment is a violation of title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. In order to understand the definition of workplace harassment, it is crucial to know what harassment is and what a workplace consists of. Harassment is an act committed by a person that makes another feel uncomfortable, offended, intimidated or oppressed. The most common form of workplace harassment is sexual harassment and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) has aptly declared that any offense establishing harassment on any protected class is subject to federal punishment.", "Workplace harassment is the belittling or threatening behavior directed at an individual worker or a group of workers. Recently, matters of workplace harassment have gained interest among practitioners and researchers as it is becoming one of the most sensitive areas of effective workplace management. The prevalence of sexual harassment at work is high. For example, a study by the U.S. Merit Systems Protection Board in 1981 shows that among the female government employees, 33 percent experienced sexual comments, 26 percent had unwanted physical touching, and 15 percent was pressured for dates." ], "url": [ "http://www.eeoc.gov/laws/types/harassment.cfm", "http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Sexual+Harassment", "https://dwd.wisconsin.gov/er/discrimination_civil_rights/publication_erd_7334_p.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harassment", "http://www.hostileworkenvironmentguide.com/definitionofworkplaceharassment.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workplace_harassment" ] }

[]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The Berlin Airlift, 1948–1949. At the end of the Second World War, U.S., British, and Soviet military forces divided and occupied Germany. Also divided into occupation zones, Berlin was located far inside Soviet-controlled eastern Germany. ", "The Berlin Airlift is considered as one of the first of the many crisis situations that emerged during the Cold War. Before going into details, knowing the historical background is essential. A Divided Germany. When World War II ended, Germany fell under Soviet and American control. ", "The Berlin Blockade was an attempt by the Soviet Union to block Allied access to the German city of Berlin in 1948 and 1949. Ultimately, the blockade turned out to be a total political failure for the Soviet Union, and the West managed to turn it into a major victory. ", "The Berlin Airlift could be called the first battle of the Cold War. It was when western countries delivered much needed food and supplies to the city of Berlin through the air because all other routes were blocked by the Soviet Union. After World War II. 1 After the airlift Germany was split into two separate countries, the German Democratic Republic in the east (controlled by the Soviet Union) and the Federal Republic of Germany in the west. 2 The city of Berlin was also divided in half, with East Germany eventually building the Berlin Wall to keep people from defecting.", "Introduction. The Berlin Blockade was an attempt in 1948 by the Soviet Union to limit the ability of France, Great Britain and the United States to travel to their sectors of Berlin, which lay within Russian-occupied East Germany. ", "The Berlin Airlift PRELUDE TO CONFLICT At the end of WWII, a defeated Germany was divided amongst the victors, the United States, the Soviet Union, Great Britain, and France. The Soviet Union took control of the Eastern half of Germany, the Western half was divided amongst the US, Great Britain, and France. ", "The Berlin Airlift took place from 1948-1949. It was in response to the Berlin Blockade imposed by the USSR on Germany. The Berlin Airlift was important in breaking the st … ranglehold of the Russians on the West Berliners. David B ckman. The Berlin Airlift occurred after World War 2. When Germany surrendered, the four major countries of the Allies were placed in charge as occupation forces. The four countries … were USA, Britain, France and Russia.", "Making the world better, one answer at a time. The Berlin Blockade and airlift were important for the development of the Cold war because it was one of the first crises which happened during the Cold War. Instead, a massive airlift was established and the blockade was lifted in May, 1949. Berlin citizens had voted overwhelmingly against the communists in the 1946 election, and only the efforts of the West kept the city in the hands of its elected officials.", "The Berlin Blockade (1 April 1948 – 12 May 1949) was one of the first major international crises of the Cold War. During the multinational occupation of post–World War II Germany, the Soviet Union blocked the Western Allies ' railway, road, and canal access to the sectors of Berlin under Western control. By the spring of 1949, the airlift was clearly succeeding, and by April it was delivering more cargo than had previously been transported into the city by rail. On 12 May 1949, the USSR lifted the blockade of West Berlin." ], "url": [ "https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/berlin-airlift", "http://www.whyguides.com/why-was-the-berlin-airlift-important.html", "http://www.wisegeek.org/what-was-the-berlin-blockade.htm", "http://www.ducksters.com/history/cold_war/berlin_airlift_blockade.php", "http://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/berlin-blockade", "http://spiritoffreedom.org/airlift.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_was_the_Berlin_Airlift_important", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_is_berlin_blockade_important", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Blockade" ] }

[ "The Berlin Airlift is considered as one of the first of the many crisis situations that emerged during the Cold War. Before going into details, knowing the historical background is essential. A Divided Germany. When World War II ended, Germany fell under Soviet and American control. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Fabian Society. British socialist society. An outgrowth of the Fellowship of the New Life (founded 1883 under the influence of Thomas Davidson), the society was developed the following year by Frank Podmore and Edward Pease. To the present day the Fabian Society has formed the ideological center of the Labour Party, elaborating the programmatic and tactical principles of Labourism. Many prominent leaders of the Labour Party have come from the Fabian Society. Vinogradov, V. N. Uistokov leiboristskoi partii.", "It is as well to know exactly to what this name refers. The Fabian Society was a movement of mainly middle and upper class intellectuals, established in 1884 to spread socialist ideas among what they called, perhaps patronisingly, ‘the educated classes’. Some may think it odd that a purely socialist movement should eradicate the working classes from its audience. ", "Fabian Society. British socialist society. An outgrowth of the Fellowship of the New Life (founded 1883 under the influence of Thomas Davidson), the society was developed the following year by Frank Podmore and Edward Pease. George Bernard Shaw and Sidney Webb joined soon after this and became its outstanding exponents. ", "Launch: Final report of the Fabian Commmission on Food and Poverty. Wednesday 28 October 2015, 6.30-8pm | Committee room 11, House of Commons, London SW1A 0AA The rise of food bank use in the UK has been a major national issue, featuring prominently during the general election campaign. Labour will never return to power unless it wins over older voters. Amid all the dozens of election post-mortems, one simple truth is hiding in plain sight.", "Fabian Society. (source: LSE archives). NOTE: I was tipped about this emblem, and was bit shocked to find that the Fabian Society, a long-lived socialist think-tank in the UK, used to have a wolf in sheep’s clothing as their eerie coat of arms, designed by Goerge Bernard Shaw. Originally, the Fabian society was committed to the establishment of a socialist economy, alongside a commitment to British imperialism as a progressive and modernizing force. Today, the society functions primarily as a think tank and is one of 15 socialist societies affiliated with the Labour Party.", "George Bernard Shaw joined the Fabian Society in August 1884. Nesbit wrote: The Fabian Society is getting rather large now and includes some very nice people, of whom Mr. Stapelton is the nicest and a certain George Bernard Shaw the most interesting. G.B.S. has a fund of dry Irish humour that is simply irresistible. ", "The Fabian Society. The Fabian Society is a very old group originating in England in 1884, with the purpose of forming a single, global socialist state. They get their name from the Roman general Fabius, who used carefully planned strategies to slowly wear down his enemies over a long period of time to obtain victory. ", "~ Expand for links ~. Website: http://www.rockingphilosophy.com. Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/RockingPhilo... Twitter Account: https://twitter.com/RockingMrE. Google+ Profile: https://plus.google.com/u/0/109302165... The Fabian Society: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabian_S... " ], "url": [ "http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Fabian+socialism", "http://general-history.com/the-fabian-society/", "http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Fabian+Society", "http://www.fabians.org.uk/", "http://www.forbiddensymbols.com/fabian-society/", "http://spartacus-educational.com/Pfabian.htm", "https://theweathereye.wordpress.com/2010/06/27/the-fabian-society/", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJtwCAteM-U" ] }

[ "The Fabian Society. The Fabian Society is a very old group originating in England in 1884, with the purpose of forming a single, global socialist state. They get their name from the Roman general Fabius, who used carefully planned strategies to slowly wear down his enemies over a long period of time to obtain victory. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Virginia's state sales and use tax rate is 4.3 percent. There is an additional 1 percent local tax, for a total of a 5.3 percent combined sales tax on most Virginia purchases. There is an additional 0.7 percent state tax imposed in the localities that make up Northern Virginia and Hampton Roads, making the rate in these areas 6 percent. Personal income tax. Virginia's income tax rates are assessed over four tax brackets: 1 2 percent on the first $3,000 of taxable income. 2 3 percent on taxable income between $3,001 and $5,000. 3 5 percent on taxable income between $5,001 and $17,000", "Best Answer: The income tax rate schedule for Virginia is as follows: If your taxable income is: .....................Your tax is:..................... $ 0-3,000.................................... 2% $3,000-$5,000............................ $60 + 3% $5,000-$17,000........................... ", "In general the more you make, the more you will be taxed. To find out more about VA income tax, sales tax, W4 forms, 1040 forms, tax returns, current state tax rates and general Virginia tax information, click here for the Virginia Department of Taxation. How Virginia State income tax rates are structured. The variable income tax rate for Virginia is determined by VA state tax legislation. How much income tax that is withheld from your paycheck depends on which tax bracket you fall under.", "Minimum wage job in virginia and i wanted to know how much tax will be taken away from my paycheck. I work 22 hours a week 8$ per hour. Add your answer. Source. Best Answer: Possible $$ amount that might be withheld from your GROSS wages earnings for the 1 week pay period 22 x 8.00 = 176.00 of GROSS wages earnings for the 1 week pay period. W-4 filled out as single with -0- ZERO Allowances signed and returned to your employer for this purpose.", "Taxes on Refunds. If you have your refund paid directly to you, VRS will withhold federal taxes of 20 percent and, if you live in Virginia, state taxes of 4 percent. Any after-tax member contributions in your refund will not be taxed again. If you receive your refund before age 59½, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) may impose an additional 10 percent tax penalty for early withdrawal of member contributions; there are exceptions to this rule.", "Virginia state income tax along with a federal tax is usually withheld from your paycheck as you receive it each pay cycle. While the federal income tax rates are set for each income bracket, VA state income tax rates do not necessarily align with the federal figures. The variable income tax rate for Virginia is determined by VA state tax legislation. How much income tax that is withheld from your paycheck depends on which tax bracket you fall under.", "Find out what you are worth and how much Virginia state income tax you would have to pay per paycheck through our Salary Wizard. Offset those high VA income taxes with a higher paying job. Get a head start at your next salary review by buying a personalized salary report here. The variable income tax rate for Virginia is determined by VA state tax legislation. How much income tax that is withheld from your paycheck depends on which tax bracket you fall under.", "On July 1, 2005, the state tax rate on some food items decreased to 1.5 percent, resulting in a combined tax rate of 2.5 percent (1.5 percent state tax and 1 percent local tax). The state's consumer use tax is the other half of the Virginia retail sales and use tax requirements. Personal income tax. Virginia's income tax rates are assessed over four tax brackets: 1 2 percent on the first $3,000 of taxable income. 2 3 percent on taxable income between $3,001 and $5,000. 3 5 percent on taxable income between $5,001 and $17,000" ], "url": [ "http://www.bankrate.com/finance/taxes/state-taxes-virginia.aspx", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080712083406AA2Q68K", "http://swz.salary.com/salarywizard/layouthtmls/swzl_statetaxrate_VA.html", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20111008152951AAqP8RQ", "http://www.varetire.org/members/leaving-employment/taking-a-refund.asp", "http://swz.salary.com/salarywizard/layouthtmls/swzl_statetaxrate_VA.html", "http://swz.salary.com/salarywizard/layouthtmls/swzl_statetaxrate_VA.html", "http://www.bankrate.com/finance/taxes/state-taxes-virginia.aspx" ] }

[ "Virginia's state sales and use tax rate is 4.3 percent. There is an additional 1 percent local tax, for a total of a 5.3 percent combined sales tax on most Virginia purchases. There is an additional 0.7 percent state tax imposed in the localities that make up Northern Virginia and Hampton Roads, making the rate in these areas 6 percent. Personal income tax. Virginia's income tax rates are assessed over four tax brackets: 1 2 percent on the first $3,000 of taxable income. 2 3 percent on taxable income between $3,001 and $5,000. 3 5 percent on taxable income between $5,001 and $17,000", "On July 1, 2005, the state tax rate on some food items decreased to 1.5 percent, resulting in a combined tax rate of 2.5 percent (1.5 percent state tax and 1 percent local tax). The state's consumer use tax is the other half of the Virginia retail sales and use tax requirements. Personal income tax. Virginia's income tax rates are assessed over four tax brackets: 1 2 percent on the first $3,000 of taxable income. 2 3 percent on taxable income between $3,001 and $5,000. 3 5 percent on taxable income between $5,001 and $17,000" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "answered on 22 Jun 2010: DNA is the name for the molecule that our chromosomes are made of. A chromosome is a piece of DNA that has been coiled up in the right way to fit and work in a cell and genes are little sections on our chromosomes that give the instructions for making proteins. 0. ", "One set is inherited from the father, and one set is inherited from the mother. A DNA is a sort of a bio molecule. The entire DNA in cells can be found in individual pieces that are called chromosomes. The main difference between DNA and chromosome is regarding the role of genes. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. The DNA is basically made up of cytosine, adenine, thymine and guanine. All of these are basic building blocks of the body. DNA is the smallest part that, together with proteins, forms a chromosome. A chromosome is therefore, nothing but a chain of DNA that has been made compact enough to fit into a cell. Summary: 1. Both chromosomes and DNA make up an important part of a person’s genes. 2.", "Chromatins are just a combination of DNA, histones(a type of proteins) and RNA. Strands of DNA are considered as chromatins and when these strands combine, this forms the chromosome. Chromatin is untangled and unfolded DNA, while chromosome is condensed DNA. The chromatin condenses into chromosome during mitosis. ", "The difference between DNA and a chromosome has to deal with an intermediary-genes. DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid, which is a nucleic acid. It is made up of four bases-adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine. When these four bases are arranged in a segment, it is called a gene. When these segments of DNA or genes are compactly coiled so that it can be easily duplicated and separated, it is called a chromosome.", "The difference between a chromosome and a DNA molecule is that a chromosome is a single DNA molecule associated with proteins and a DNA molecule is a long thin molecule that s … tores genetic information. A gene is not a single structure or thing. It is made up of the micro-structures that determine a trait. These micro-structures are primarily chromosomes. Chromosomes are pieces of DNA.", "DNA is the chemical that chromosomes and genes are made of. DNA itself is made up of four simple chemical units that are abbreviated as A, G, C, and T. These letters are used to form three letter words that cells can read. A chromosome is simply a very long piece of DNA that cells can easily copy. ", "The difference between DNA and a chromosome has to deal with an intermediary-genes. DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid, which is a nucleic acid. It is made up of four bases-adenin … e, cytosine, guanine and thymine. When these four bases are arranged in a segment, it is called a gene. A gene is not a single structure or thing. It is made up of the micro-structures that determine a trait. These micro-structures are primarily chromosomes. Chromosomes are pieces of DNA." ], "url": [ "http://cancerj10.imascientist.org.uk/2010/06/what-is-the-main-difference-between-chromosome-genes-and-dna", "http://www.differencebetween.net/science/health/difference-between-dna-and-chromosome/", "https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-differences-between-chromosomes-chromatids-and-chromatin", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_DNA_and_chromosome", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_DNA_gene_and_chromosome", "http://genetics.thetech.org/ask/ask293", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_DNA_gene_and_chromosome" ] }

[ "One set is inherited from the father, and one set is inherited from the mother. A DNA is a sort of a bio molecule. The entire DNA in cells can be found in individual pieces that are called chromosomes. The main difference between DNA and chromosome is regarding the role of genes. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. The DNA is basically made up of cytosine, adenine, thymine and guanine. All of these are basic building blocks of the body. DNA is the smallest part that, together with proteins, forms a chromosome. A chromosome is therefore, nothing but a chain of DNA that has been made compact enough to fit into a cell. Summary: 1. Both chromosomes and DNA make up an important part of a person’s genes. 2." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Bohemian Rhapsody was performed by Queen + Paul Rodgers throughout their tours, accompanied by a video of Mercury. Footage from the Live at Wembley '86 was used for the 2005/6 tour, and the 1981 Montreal performance used for the Rock the Cosmos Tour. As of 2004, Bohemian Rhapsody is the second most played song on British radio, in clubs and on jukeboxes collectively, after Procol Harum 's A Whiter Shade of Pale .", "Bohemian Rhapsody is one of the best songs of all time. (the band of course being Queen) It was Released on 31th October, 1975, it entered the charts at number 1, where it stayed for over two months. Bohemian Rhapsody was written by Freddie Mercury, who also wrote We are the Champions and Killer Queen. Bohemian Rhapsody. Exellent song by the English band Queen. Their most famous (if not most widley known song). It was released in Oct. 1975, and spent 17 weeks on the chart, going platinum and reaching #1 for nine weeks. It is notable also for being the first song ever to be have a music video.", "· just now. Report Abuse. Bohemian Rhapsody is one of the most analyzed songs lyrically and musically in music history, imo. Many people believe that there are lyrics of the song written about Mercury's battle with AIDS -- this is incorrect, because the song was written before then. ", "Bohemian Rhapsody is a song by the British rock band Queen. It was written by Freddie Mercury for the band's 1975 studio album A Night at the Opera. It is a six-minute suite, consisting of several sections without a chorus: an intro, a ballad segment, an operatic passage, a hard rock part and a reflective coda. As of 2004, Bohemian Rhapsody is the second most played song on British radio, in clubs and on jukeboxes collectively, after Procol Harum 's A Whiter Shade of Pale .", "The precedents of Bohemian Rhapsody are as much in the 19th-century classical traditions of rhapsodic, quasi-improvisational reveries – like, say, the piano works of Schumann or Chopin or the tone-poems of Strauss or Liszt – as they are in prog-rock or the contemporary pop of 1975. As of 2004, Bohemian Rhapsody is the second most played song on British radio, in clubs and on jukeboxes collectively, after Procol Harum 's A Whiter Shade of Pale .", "Queen-Bohemian Rhapsody-Meaning = The narrator wants to commit suicide, but he is afraid that this will send him to hell. * See all the videos at http://RobJohnFrank.com/Song-Meanings. Subscribe to my channel to see the new song meanings analysis videos (a lot more are coming in May 2013): ", "There is a rhapsody by the composer Franz Liszt called Hungarian Rhapsody, and Bohemia is a kingdom that is near Hungary and was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Furthermore, Bohemian is an adjective for something unusual or against convention, and the song is just that. Freddie Mercury wrote the lyrics, and there has been a lot of speculation as to their meaning. Many of the words appear in the Qu'ran. Bismillah is one of these and it literally means In the name of Allah.. The word Scaramouch means A stock character that appears as a boastful coward.. Beelzebub is one of the many names given to The Devil", "One of the things I noticed many misinformed saying about Bohemian Rhapsody is it's about about Freddie Mercury having Aids, and him dealing with it-which is ridiculous. Mercury did not have HIV or AIDS in 1975. He was diagnosed as HIV positive in the spring of 1987. The following, is my take on the meaning of Bohemian Rhapsody. I am aware that it more than likely isn't completely initially correct, but that's the point of a discussion forum, thus-I am more than happy to edit this if any better suggestions come along to its meaning, or remove parts which would be undoubtedly wrong." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohemian_Rhapsody", "http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Bohemian%20Rhapsody", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080404001232AAutA4L", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohemian_Rhapsody", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohemian_Rhapsody", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yiS0PCLzXio", "http://www.songfacts.com/detail.php?id=685", "http://www.queenzone.com/forums/1279006/the-meaning-behind-the-lyrics-of-bohemian-rhapsody-.aspx" ] }

[ "Bohemian Rhapsody is a song by the British rock band Queen. It was written by Freddie Mercury for the band's 1975 studio album A Night at the Opera. It is a six-minute suite, consisting of several sections without a chorus: an intro, a ballad segment, an operatic passage, a hard rock part and a reflective coda. As of 2004, Bohemian Rhapsody is the second most played song on British radio, in clubs and on jukeboxes collectively, after Procol Harum 's A Whiter Shade of Pale ." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The average salary for flight attendant jobs is $41,000. Average flight attendant salaries can vary greatly due to company, location, industry, experience and benefits. This salary was calculated using the average salary for all jobs with the term flight attendant anywhere in the job listing.", "The site indicates the median flight attendant salary is $37,240 a year. Under flight attendants pay at the Bureau of Labor Statistics the lowest 10% of flight attendants earned less than $27,240 a year. The top 10% of flight attendants earned a salary of $66,460 a year.", "A Flight Attendant earns an average wage of C$21.90 per hour. Most people with this job move on to other positions after 10 years in this career.", "Newark is home to an above-average pay rate for Flight Attendants, 79 percent higher than the national average. Flight Attendants will also find cushy salaries in Detroit (+15 percent), New York (+10 percent), San Francisco (+7 percent), and Los Angeles (+7 percent).", "The median annual wage for flight attendants was $37,240 in May 2012. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $27,240, and the top 10 percent earned more than $66,460.", "A Flight Attendant can get average salaries in a range of 32000 to 48000 depending on education and tenure levels. Flight Attendants usually get a salary of Forty One Thousand Seven Hundred dollars per year.", "Flight Attendant Salary. (United States). The average Flight Attendant in the United States can expect to rake in roughly $20.58 per hour. Total cash compensation for Flight Attendants runs from $22K to $81K depending on bonuses that can occasionally exceed $3K and profit sharing that can reach almost $4K.", "Flight attendants earned a mean $41,720 per year as of May 2011, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Pay could range from less than $24,990 per year to above $62,470 per year. Because these jobs are characterized by irregular work hours, the BLS does not calculate their hourly wages." ], "url": [ "http://www.simplyhired.com/salaries-k-flight-attendant-jobs.html", "http://www.flightattendantfacts.com/flight-attendant-salary", "http://www.payscale.com/research/CA/Job=Flight_Attendant/Hourly_Rate", "http://www.payscale.com/research/US/Job=Flight_Attendant/Hourly_Rate", "http://www.bls.gov/ooh/Transportation-and-Material-Moving/Flight-attendants.htm", "https://www.recruiter.com/salaries/flight-attendants-salary/", "http://www.payscale.com/research/US/Job=Flight_Attendant/Hourly_Rate", "http://work.chron.com/average-salary-flight-attendants-6514.html" ] }

[ "The average salary for flight attendant jobs is $41,000. Average flight attendant salaries can vary greatly due to company, location, industry, experience and benefits. This salary was calculated using the average salary for all jobs with the term flight attendant anywhere in the job listing." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Very small popliteal lymph nodes are located in the legs. Most of them can be found embedded in the fat of the popliteal fossa. AXILLARY LYMPH NODES. In the axillary region, the lymph nodes are located in the underarm region. INGUINAL NODES. Inguinal nodes are located in the legs and groin and receive lymph from the legs, the outer part of the genitalia and the lower abdominal wall; SUBMANDIBULAR NODES. The submandibular nodes can be found between the mandible and the submandibular gland.", "Popliteal swelling and Swollen lymph nodes. 1 Popliteal swelling AND Swollen lymph nodes-Causes of All Symptoms. 2 Popliteal swelling OR Swollen lymph nodes - 443 causes. ", "Lymphadenopathy in Dogs. Lymph nodes (or glands), are small masses of tissue that can be found throughout the body. They play an integral part in the functioning of the dog's immune system, acting as filters for the blood, and as storage places for white blood cells. Consequently, they are often the first indicators of disease in the tissues. Swelling in one of the legs is also possible as a result of swollen lymph nodes at the back of the leg (popliteal), or near the joint of the leg (axillary – correlating with the armpit).", "-inguinal (in each groin area of the back legs). -popliteal (behind each knee, on the back of each back leg). There is an article about lymph nodes in pets HERE. Toward the middle of the article, it talks about each of the five lymph nodes I mentioned, and shows where they are located. It shows the location on a cat, but it's the same on a dog. I hope this helps.", "The popliteal lymph nodes are in two sets: the deep popliteal nodes near to the popliteal vessels and the superficial popliteal lymph node associated with the small saphenous vein. The deep lymphatic trunks and lateral superficial trunks within the legs feed them. In the popliteal node, a ... Click to read more below. Popliteal Nodes. The popliteal nodes, or popliteal lymph nodes, include six or seven nodes and are located in the legs near the knees at the popliteal fossa. They service the lower legs and feet for the lymphatic system", "Summary Information: Popliteal Lymph Nodes. Popliteal Lymph Nodes: Popliteal lymph nodes are glands that are a part of the immune system and are located in the knee area. Popliteal lymph nodes consist of lymphatic tissues enclosed by a fibrous capsule. Popliteal lymph nodes contain sinuses, germinal centers, trabeculae, scavenger cells, and reticular fibers. Conditions that can afflict popliteal lymph nodes include foot infections, lower leg infections, lymphadenopathy, swollen lymph nodes, metastasis of cancer, leukemia, and lymphoma.", "Small, rounded structures along the small vessels of the lymphatic system that are part of the immune system. Lymph nodes are tiny spherical structures the size of a pin hea … d in groups into which the lymphatic vessels drain through afferent vessels. The nodes filter the lymph, storing and destroying microorganisms by the production of lymphocytes. Once filtered the lymph leaves the node through the efferent lymph vessel." ], "url": [ "http://webset-lms.com/vtct/Course.aspx?id=3947", "http://symptoms.rightdiagnosis.com/cosymptoms/popliteal-swelling/swollen-lymph-nodes.htm", "http://www.petmd.com/dog/conditions/cancer/c_multi_lymphadenopathy", "http://www.justanswer.com/pet-dog/60qb0-lymphnodes-located-dog-thanks.html", "http://www.innerbody.com/anatomy/immune-lymphatic/popliteal-nodes", "http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/organ/popliteal_lymph_nodes.htm", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Where_is_dog_popliteal_lymph_node" ] }

[ "The popliteal lymph nodes are in two sets: the deep popliteal nodes near to the popliteal vessels and the superficial popliteal lymph node associated with the small saphenous vein. The deep lymphatic trunks and lateral superficial trunks within the legs feed them. In the popliteal node, a ... Click to read more below. Popliteal Nodes. The popliteal nodes, or popliteal lymph nodes, include six or seven nodes and are located in the legs near the knees at the popliteal fossa. They service the lower legs and feet for the lymphatic system" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Definition of Unitary form of Government. Unitary form of Government is a converse of federation and is a system in which all powers are centralized in the hands of a central government. A single central government controls the whole state with full might. In unitary system, all powers are centralized in the hands of the central government and only center is the reservoir of all state powers. In this system, there is no a province or provincial governments and constitution empower the central government to legislate, execute and adjudicate with full might.", "A unitary state is a state governed as one single power in which the central government is ultimately supreme and any administrative divisions (subnational units) exercise only powers that their central government chooses to delegate. The majority of states in the world have a unitary system of government. 1 Although political power in unitary states may be delegated through devolution to local government by statute, the central government remains supreme; it may abrogate the acts of devolved governments or curtail their powers. 2 The United Kingdom is an example of a unitary state.", "Unitary Government is a system of government in which all governmental authority is vested in a central government. The regional and local governments derive their powers from the central government. Sovereign power is vested with the central government and governance is conducted by it. The central government will stay supreme even if powers are delegated to regional governments. The United Kingdom is an example of a nation having a unitary system of government.", "Unitary states are contrasted with federal states (federations) and confederal states (confederation): 1 In a unitary state, subnational units are created and abolished, and their powers may be broadened and narrowed, by the central government. 1 Although political power in unitary states may be delegated through devolution to local government by statute, the central government remains supreme; it may abrogate the acts of devolved governments or curtail their powers. 2 The United Kingdom is an example of a unitary state.", "A unitary government may be defined as on in which the powers are concentrated in the hands of a central government. There may be sub-divisions, but they are not free from the … control of the central government. They are the creation or and derive their power from, the central government and as such are subordinate to the same in all respects. They are the mere agents of the central government. The best examples of the unitary government are that of Great Britain and France, Italy, Belgium, Japan and so on.", "unitary government. LINK / CITE ADD TO WORD LIST. noun. The definition of a unitary government or unitary state is a system of political organization with a central supreme government which holds the authority over and makes the decisions for subordinate local governments. An example of a unitary government is the United Kingdom overseeing Scotland. ", "Best Answer: The unitary system gives the main powers to the central government. State, provincial, and local governments are all created by the central government. The non-central governments have only the powers that are appointed by the central government. ", "A unitary system of government, or unitary state, is a sovereign state governed as a single entity. The central government is supreme, and the administrative divisions exercise only powers that the central government has delegated to them. Unitary states contrast with federal states, such as the United States, in which power is shared between the federal government and the states. (The states themselves are unitary.) More than 150 countries are unitary states, including France, China, and Japan." ], "url": [ "http://www.studylecturenotes.com/social-sciences/law/428-unitary-form-of-government-definition-a-characteristics-of-unitary-state", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitary_state", "http://definitions.uslegal.com/u/unitary-government/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitary_state", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Definition_of_unitary_government", "http://www.yourdictionary.com/unitary-government", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070302222401AAI1Ytf", "http://www.chegg.com/homework-help/definitions/unitary-system-of-government-53" ] }

[ "A unitary system of government, or unitary state, is a sovereign state governed as a single entity. The central government is supreme, and the administrative divisions exercise only powers that the central government has delegated to them. Unitary states contrast with federal states, such as the United States, in which power is shared between the federal government and the states. (The states themselves are unitary.) More than 150 countries are unitary states, including France, China, and Japan." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The Mayan language family is one of the best documented and most studied in the Americas. Modern Mayan languages descend from Proto-Mayan, a language thought to have been spoken at least 5,000 years ago; it has been partially reconstructed using the comparative method. K'iche' (Quiche) , quiché The mayan language with the largest number of, speakers is spoken by 1,000,000 1000000'k' Iche maya in The guatemalan, highlands around the towns Of chichicastenango And quetzaltenango and in The cuchumatan, cuchumatán mountains as well as by urban Emigrants In. guatemala city", "Mayan Language and Geography all rights reserved 2000 Language Today, in the shrinking world, the number of spoken Mayan dialects number thirty-one. The majority of these dialects are very limited geographically. Somewhere under 95% of all indigenous Mayans are bilingual speakers. That is, they speak their own native dialect, and also Spanish.", "Mayan languages are the descendants of a proto-language called Proto-Mayan or, in K'iche' Maya, Nab'ee Maya' Tzij (the old Maya Language). The Proto-Mayan language is believed to have been spoken in the Cuchumatanes highlands of central Guatemala in an area corresponding roughly to where Q'anjobalan is spoken today. K'iche' (Quiche) , quiché The mayan language with the largest number of, speakers is spoken by 1,000,000 1000000'k' Iche maya in The guatemalan, highlands around the towns Of chichicastenango And quetzaltenango and in The cuchumatan, cuchumatán mountains as well as by urban Emigrants In. guatemala city", "The Mayan languages are primarily distributed across southern Mexico, Belize, and Guatemala, with a few languages also spoken in central Mexico, Honduras, and El Salvador. The most spoken Mayan language, by far, is K'iche' with 2.3 million speakers and the largest indigenous population in Guatemala. K'iche' (Quiche) , quiché The mayan language with the largest number of, speakers is spoken by 1,000,000 1000000'k' Iche maya in The guatemalan, highlands around the towns Of chichicastenango And quetzaltenango and in The cuchumatan, cuchumatán mountains as well as by urban Emigrants In. guatemala city", "Mayan Indians speak a form of the Mayan language. The Mayan language family has about 28 different dialects. Most Mayan Indians also speak some Spanish. A number also speak English. A large number have come to the United States as illegal immigrants. They periodically return to their homeland. The Aztecs speak Nahuatl. The Incas speak Quechua. The Mayas speak various Mayan dialects including Cholan, Quiche, Yucatec and Lacandon. Edit. Share to: Mark Swarthout. 775,875 Contributions. Contract attorney. When not working I teach karate, collect stamps, write books, and play the ukulele.", "Mayan Languages. Mayan Languages. Mayan language had many dialects-Qhuche, Cakchiquel, Kekchi, and Mam-is still spoken by about 300,000 persons, of whom two-thirds are pure Maya, the remainder being whites and of mixed blood are still spoken today, although the majority of Indians also speak Spanish. This Proto-Mayan language is thought to have been spoken in the Guatemalan Cuchumatanes highlands where the first expansion occurred around 2200 BCE resulting in the first splitting of the Huastecan branch from Mayan proper which then split into Proto-Yucatecan and Proto-Cholan.", "Today, there millions of Maya living in the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico. Many of them still speak a modern-day version of the Mayan language and even more of them still pr … actice the Mayan religion (See Popol Vuh for the text of their bible).", "Mayan languages are spoken by at least 6 million indigenous Maya, primarily in Guatemala, Mexico, Belize and Honduras. In 1996, Guatemala formally recognized 21 Mayan languages by name, and Mexico recognizes eight more within their territory. K'iche' (Quiche) , quiché The mayan language with the largest number of, speakers is spoken by 1,000,000 1000000'k' Iche maya in The guatemalan, highlands around the towns Of chichicastenango And quetzaltenango and in The cuchumatan, cuchumatán mountains as well as by urban Emigrants In. guatemala city", "One is from the southern area of the Maya and the other from the Yucatan peninsula. With the advent of the Spanish, the prestige language became Spanish. Today, it's estimated that about 6 million indigenous Mayans still speak Mayan languages. Most of these people live in Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico. Ancient Mayan Language. Ancient Mayan Language-Hieroglyphs. The Maya spoke various Maya family languages some of which were phonetically transcribed via hieroglyphs. The Maya painted their words on bark paper that has disintegrated, but also wrote on more enduring substances." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayan_languages", "http://mayanarchaeology.tripod.com/id12.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayan_languages", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayan_languages", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_language_did_and_do_the_Mayans_speak", "http://www.crystalinks.com/mayanlanguages.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_did_the_Mayans_speak", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayan_languages", "http://incamayanaztec.com/ancient-mayan-language.html" ] }

[ "Mayan Indians speak a form of the Mayan language. The Mayan language family has about 28 different dialects. Most Mayan Indians also speak some Spanish. A number also speak English. A large number have come to the United States as illegal immigrants. They periodically return to their homeland. The Aztecs speak Nahuatl. The Incas speak Quechua. The Mayas speak various Mayan dialects including Cholan, Quiche, Yucatec and Lacandon. Edit. Share to: Mark Swarthout. 775,875 Contributions. Contract attorney. When not working I teach karate, collect stamps, write books, and play the ukulele." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "By Laura Klappenbach. Cephalopods (Cephalopoda) are a group of mollusks that include 3,300 living species. Members of this group include the octopuses, cuttlefish, squid and nautiluses. Cephalopods are exclusively marine animals. They include the largest, most intelligent and most mobile of all mollusks. ", "Brad Seibel. Octopuses, squids, and similar animals are members of a group of ocean invertebrates (animals with no backbone) called cephalopods. Cephalopods are a kind of mollusk, a group of animals that also includes clams, oysters, and snails. ", "There are over 50,000 known species of Mollusks, which makes them second only to the Arthropods in invertebrate phylum size. Among the Mollusks are some of the most well known of invertebrate sea creatures, like snails, clams, mussels, squid, and octopods. ", "The molluscs or mollusks /ˈmɒləsks/ compose the large phylum of invertebrate animals known as the Mollusca. Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. Molluscs are the largest marine phylum, comprising about 23% of all the named marine organisms. ", "The giant squid IS a mollusk. Because octopuses (or octopus) are mollusks, that makes the squid a mollusk because they are exactly alike except they swim different. Plus it ha … s a calcareous shell which means more pieces like one, two, or three pieces. 1 person found this useful. Octopuses and squids are both cephalopods (a type of mollusk) and they have many traits in common. They both have tentacles, both propel themselves by ejecting water from an o … pening specially developed for that purpose, and both have relatively large brains. They both live in saltwater.", "The stomach-foots (class Gastropoda) contains about 70% of all mollusk species. The stomach-foots include snails, limpets and abalones, which have shells. Slugs and nudibranchs are also stomach-foots, but do not have shells. A few stomach-foots are found on land. Cephalopods, like most mollusks, have a mantle, a mantle cavity, a radula, and a U-shaped digestive tract. Cephalopods have two kidneys and three hearts, which pump blue blood. They are carnivores that feed on fish, shrimp, crabs and other cephalopods.", "By Laura Klappenbach. Mollusks (Mollusca) are a group of invertebrates that includes squid, octopuses, cuttlefish, nudibranchs, snails, slugs, limpets, sea hares, mussels, clams, oysters, scallops, as well as many less well-known animals. Scientists estimate that there are more than 100,000 species of mollusks alive today. 1 Gastropods are the most diverse of the mollusk groups. 2 Members of this group include limpets, top shells, periwinkles, sundial shells, sea hares, nudibranchs, snails and slugs. 3 Cephalopods (Cephalopoda) - There are about 800 species of cephalopod" ], "url": [ "http://animals.about.com/od/molluscs/p/cephalopods.htm", "http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/explorations/squid/libraryarticle.asp?ItemID=213&SubjectID=113&categoryID=5", "http://oceanicresearch.org/education/wonders/mollusk.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mollusca", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Which_kind_of_mollusk_includes_squid_and_octopuses", "http://www.mbgnet.net/salt/oceans/animals/mollusk.htm", "http://animals.about.com/od/molluscs/p/molluscs.htm" ] }

[]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A+E Networks. On July 21, 1861, Union and Confederate armies clashed near Manassas Junction, Virginia, in the first major land battle of the American Civil War. Introduction. On July 21, 1861, Union and Confederate armies clashed near Manassas Junction, Virginia, in the first major land battle of the American Civil War.", "The First Battle of Bull Run was a battle that happened in Manasses, Virginia on July 21, 1861, during the US Civil War. It was the first major engagement between the opposi … ng armies of the North (Union) and South (Confederacy). The defeat of the Union forces dispelled any hope of a quick end to the war. A second battle at this location, called the Second Battle of Bull Run was fought a year later, on August 28-30, 1862. This was another, less overwhelming victory for the Confederacy, and likely the high point for the South in the war. It was the culmination of an offensive campaign waged by Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia against Union Maj. Gen. John Pope's Army of Virginia, and a battle of much larger scale and numbers than the First Battle of Bull Run (First Manassas) fought in 1861 on the same ground.", "The First Battle of Bull Run was a battle that happened in Manasses, Virginia on July 21, 1861, during the US Civil War. It was the first major engagement between the opposi … ng armies of the North (Union) and South (Confederacy). The defeat of the Union forces dispelled any hope of a quick end to the war. A second battle at this location, called the Second Battle of Bull Run was fought a year later, on August 28-30, 1862. This was another, less overwhelming victory for the Confederacy, and likely the high point for the South in the war.", "Submit. · just now. Report Abuse. The first major battle of the Civil War was fought in Virginia, near the Manassas, Virginia railway junction, after which the battle is called (or First Bull Run, named after the flowing stream on the battlefield, if of the Union persuasion). Report Abuse. it was called bull run by the confederacy cuz the federals ran away cuz they got thier rears kicked, the federals called it manassas cuz it was fought in the vicinity of teh manassas river in virginia.", "The First Battle of Bull Run, also known as First Manassas (the name used by Confederate forces), was fought on July 21, 1861, in Prince William County, Virginia, near the city of Manassas, not far from the city of Washington, D.C. ", "Neither side called the Civil War-Bull Run or Manassas. The battle that took place near the town of Manassas went by different names depending on what side you were on. The North called the Civil War, The Civil War.. ", "The Confederate name for the first battle of Bull Run was First Manassas, the second battle is called Second Manassas. The Confederate name of the Battle of Antietam is the Battle of Sharpsburg. It was the culmination of an offensive campaign waged by Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia against Union Maj. Gen. John Pope's Army of Virginia, and a battle of much larger scale and numbers than the First Battle of Bull Run (First Manassas) fought in 1861 on the same ground.", "Location: Manassas, Virginia. The Battle was called the First Battle of Bull Run by the north because of a stream where it was fought. However, the south called the battle First Manassas. Key Individuals Involved in the First Battle of Bull Run: Union: Brigadier General Irvin McDowell. Of those, 3,000 were Union soldiers. Significance of the First Battle of Bull Run: This was the first major land battle of the Civil War. It was also the battle that made the war become real to many. Before the First Battle of Bull Run, many in the north and the south had romanticized the war." ], "url": [ "http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/first-battle-of-bull-run", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_is_the_battle_called_bull_run", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_did_they_call_it_the_battle_of_bull_run", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070127072210AA1GC1f", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Battle_of_Bull_Run", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090506211146AAm841u", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_is_the_battle_called_bull_run", "http://americanhistory.about.com/od/civilwarbattles/p/cwbattle_bull1.htm" ] }

[ "Submit. · just now. Report Abuse. The first major battle of the Civil War was fought in Virginia, near the Manassas, Virginia railway junction, after which the battle is called (or First Bull Run, named after the flowing stream on the battlefield, if of the Union persuasion). Report Abuse. it was called bull run by the confederacy cuz the federals ran away cuz they got thier rears kicked, the federals called it manassas cuz it was fought in the vicinity of teh manassas river in virginia." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "German art song is known as lied, or lieder when referring to its plural form. Early lieder were monophonic and existed during the 12th to 13th centuries. By the 14th century, polyphonic lieder were preferred which reached its peak by the mid-16th century. Answer: Art song can be traced back to the Medieval period but became especially popular during the Romantic era. Thus, it is considered a genre of Romantic music. Art song is written by a professional composer and performed by a trained singer. The main characteristics of an art song are;", "Art songs have been composed in many languages, and are known by several names. The German tradition of art song composition is perhaps the most prominent one; it is known as Lieder. In France, the term Melodie mélodie distinguishes art songs from Other french vocal pieces referred to as. chansons", "The German tradition of art song composition is perhaps the most prominent one; it is known as Lieder. In France, the term Melodie mélodie distinguishes art songs from Other french vocal pieces referred to as. Chansons The Spanish cancion canción And The italian canzone refer to songs generally and not specifically to. art songs The German tradition of art song composition is perhaps the most prominent one; it is known as Lieder. In France, the term Melodie mélodie distinguishes art songs from Other french vocal pieces referred to as. chansons", "Another term that one encounters in the field of art song or Lieder is: accompanist. Usually that is a pianist. And there is the perception that the pianist is just a voice in the background to support the singer. Yes, there are art songs with orchestra etc., but that will do for a beginning. You already know at least one art song, Brahms’ Lullaby. The first verse is taken from a collection of German folk poems called Des Knaben Wunderhorn; the second stanza was written by Georg Scherer (1824 – 1909) in 1849. .", "There are over 600 Franz Schubert songs, which the composer penned in his short life. Schubert was a master of the genre. The proper name for the Franz Schubert songs is actually lieder, which is just the German word for song. It describes this particular type of classical art song, which has a singer accompanied by piano. Schubert had a huge impact on the lieder genre. It has two obvious parts: one to represent the Maiden, which has agitated music, and a very sombre section which is Death's music. 1 An die Musik (To Music), D547. 2 A cozy-sounding little song, which praises the art of music. 3 It's one of Schubert's most popular art songs. 4 Die Forelle (The Trout), D550.", "Here’s art song’s brief description: a poem set to music, usually for trained voice and piano with a duration of about three minutes. Other English words are solo song, art-song, artsong, classical song, piano song etc. In German the word for such classical song is Lied (singular) and Lieder (plural). It is the German practice to capitalize their nouns. Yes, there are art songs with orchestra etc., but that will do for a beginning. You already know at least one art song, Brahms’ Lullaby. The first verse is taken from a collection of German folk poems called Des Knaben Wunderhorn; the second stanza was written by Georg Scherer (1824 – 1909) in 1849. .", "Lied (. [liːt] ; plural Lieder [ˈliːdɐ] ; German for song) originally denoted in classical music the setting of Romantic German poems to music, especially during the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Examples include settings by Ludwig van Beethoven and Franz Schubert. Among English speakers, however, Lied is often used interchangeably with art song to encompass works that the tradition has inspired in other languages. The poems that have been made into Lieder often center on pastoral themes or themes of romantic love.", "For German-speakers, the term Lied has a long history ranging from 12th-century troubadour songs (Minnesang) via folk songs (Volkslieder) and church hymns (Kirchenlieder) to 20th-century workers' songs (Arbeiterlieder) or protest songs (Kabarettlieder, Protestlieder). Among English speakers, however, Lied is often used interchangeably with art song to encompass works that the tradition has inspired in other languages. The poems that have been made into Lieder often center on pastoral themes or themes of romantic love.", "An art song is a vocal music composition, usually written for one voice with piano accompaniment, and usually in the classical, art music tradition. By extension, the term art song is used to refer to the genre of such songs. An art song is most often a musical setting of an independent poem or text, intended for the concert repertory as part of a recital or other relatively formal social occasion. The German tradition of art song composition is perhaps the most prominent one; it is known as Lieder. In France, the term Melodie mélodie distinguishes art songs from Other french vocal pieces referred to as. chansons" ], "url": [ "http://musiced.about.com/od/faqs/f/artsong.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_song", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_song", "http://lottelehmannleague.org/art-song-terms/", "http://www.favorite-classical-composers.com/franz-schubert-songs.html", "http://lottelehmannleague.org/art-song-terms/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lied", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lied", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_song" ] }

[ "Here’s art song’s brief description: a poem set to music, usually for trained voice and piano with a duration of about three minutes. Other English words are solo song, art-song, artsong, classical song, piano song etc. In German the word for such classical song is Lied (singular) and Lieder (plural). It is the German practice to capitalize their nouns. Yes, there are art songs with orchestra etc., but that will do for a beginning. You already know at least one art song, Brahms’ Lullaby. The first verse is taken from a collection of German folk poems called Des Knaben Wunderhorn; the second stanza was written by Georg Scherer (1824 – 1909) in 1849. ." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "English is commonly spoken in government. In Maldives the national and official language is Dhivehi. English and some Indian languages are also spoken in Maldives. Most languages in South Asia are closely tied to particular nations, and as a result, further divide the people from one another.", "Most speakers of Maldivian live in the Maldives, where it is the national language of the island-nation. Maldivian is also spoken in Minicoy Island in the Union Territory of Lakshadweep, India, while a few have migrated to Thiruvananthapuram, Kochi and elsewhere in the state of Kerala.", "The language is widely used for conversing with people. Since, it involves the use of many English, Hindi and Arabic words, it seems to resemble various languages spoken in Sri Lanka, South East Asia and North India. Read on to know more about the common languages of Maldives.", "Maldives Language. The language of the Maldivians is Dhivehi and displays much resemblance to several other languages from Sri Lanka, South East Asia, North India. It contains many Arabic, Hindi and English words. Historically speaking the early people spoke Elu a form of ancient Singhalese.", "Hence it is similar to many of the languages spoken in North India, South East Asia, and Sri Lanka. Though there are a few dialects of Dhivehi spoken in the Maldives, formal Dhivehi is used in education and all government transactions.", "Other languages spoken in Maldives include English, which is also recognized as the second main language. Initially, Dhivehi was used as the medium of teaching in schools, but the need to promote higher education led to the conversion of syllabus in English.", "A collection of useful phrases in Maldivian, an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Maldives and on India's Minicoy Islands. To see these phrases in many other languages click on the English versions." ], "url": [ "http://www.cotf.edu/earthinfo/sasia/SApeo.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldivian_language", "http://maldives.tourism-srilanka.com/travel-tips/language.html", "http://www.themaldives.com/culture/language.html", "http://www.mymaldives.com/maldives/language/", "http://maldives.tourism-srilanka.com/travel-tips/language.html", "http://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/maldivian.php" ] }

[ "English is commonly spoken in government. In Maldives the national and official language is Dhivehi. English and some Indian languages are also spoken in Maldives. Most languages in South Asia are closely tied to particular nations, and as a result, further divide the people from one another." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Marble is a metamorphic rock that forms when limestone is subjected to the heat and pressure of metamorphism. Under the conditions of metamorphism the calcite in the limestone recrystallizes to form a rock that is a mass of interlocking calcite crystals. A related rock, dolomitic marble, is produced when dolostone is subjected to heat and pressure. Photo Gallery: The Many Uses of Marble.", "Before metamorphism, the calcite in the limestone is often in the form of lithified fossil material and biological debris. During metamorphism, this calcite recrystallizes and the texture of the rock changes. In the early stages of the limestone-to-marble transformation the calcite crystals in the rock are very small. Under the conditions of metamorphism the calcite in the limestone recrystallizes to form a rock that is a mass of interlocking calcite crystals. A related rock, dolomitic marble, is produced when dolostone is subjected to heat and pressure. Photo Gallery: The Many Uses of Marble.", "Marble is a non-foliated metamorphic rock composed of recrystallized carbonate minerals, most commonly calcite or dolomite. Geologists use the term marble to refer to metamorphosed limestone; however, stonemasons use the term more broadly to encompass unmetamorphosed limestone. Marble is a rock resulting from metamorphism of sedimentary carbonate rocks, most commonly limestone or dolomite rock. Metamorphism causes variable recrystallization of the original carbonate mineral grains.", "Examples of metamorphic rocks include anthracite, quartzite, marble, slate, granulite, gneiss and schist. Anthracite is a type of coal with a high carbon count, few impurities and with a high luster (meaning it looks shiny). Marble is a metamorphic rock that is formed from the sedimentary rock limestone. Granulite is a metamorphic rock that is formed from the igneous rock basalt. Learn about sedimentary rocks, igneous rocks, other rocks and minerals or fossils. Make a fossil cast or check out our rock sorting lesson plan.", "Metamorphic rocks arise from the transformation of existing rock types, in a process called metamorphism, which means change in form. The original rock (protolith) is subjected to heat (temperatures greater than 150 to 200 °C) and pressure (1500 bars), causing profound physical and/or chemical change. Textures are separated into foliated and non-foliated categories. Foliated rock is a product of differential stress that deforms the rock in one plane, sometimes creating a plane of cleavage. For example, slate is a foliated metamorphic rock, originating from shale.", "Marble is a metamorphic rock formed when limestone is exposed to high temperatures and pressures. Marble forms under such conditions because the calcite forming the limestone recrystallises forming a denser rock consisting of roughly equigranular calcite crystals. ", "Color: Marble is usually a light-colored rock. When it is formed from a limestone with very few impurities it will be white in color. Marble that contains impurities such as clay minerals, iron oxides or bituminous material can be bluish, gray, pink, yellow or black in color. Marble of extremely high purity with a bright white color is very useful. Under the conditions of metamorphism the calcite in the limestone recrystallizes to form a rock that is a mass of interlocking calcite crystals. A related rock, dolomitic marble, is produced when dolostone is subjected to heat and pressure. Photo Gallery: The Many Uses of Marble." ], "url": [ "http://geology.com/rocks/marble.shtml", "http://geology.com/rocks/marble.shtml", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marble", "http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/sciencefacts/earth/metamorphicrocks.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamorphic_rock", "http://flexiblelearning.auckland.ac.nz/rocks_minerals/rocks/marble.html", "http://geology.com/rocks/marble.shtml" ] }

[]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Karna’s death was inevitable as he was siding with falsehood all his life. Moreover, his ambitions to overthrow Arjun were not valid. When the hour of his death arrived, however, Karna readily accepted to die as he had realized that it will be beneficial for the world if he agrees to embrace death. Kunti reveals that Karna is their elder brother and he had promised her not to kill her other sons except Arjun. This truth freezes the Pandav brothers and they sink into deep remorse for having been killed their own brother. Karna’s foster mother Radha and his wife Vrushali also come on the scene.", "28. The Pandava Queen Kunti before marriage had a son, Karna, who, in manhood,became the commander of the Kaurava host. To hide her shame she abandonedhim at birth, and a charioteer, Adhiratha, brought him up as his son. KARNA. ", "1 Kunti did not know his [Karna's] fate till years later, when she was not in a position to acknowledge him as her son. 2 The son, on his part, never forgave the mother for having abandoned him. 3 From the minute of his birth to well after his death this child was a constant source of dread and sorrow to the mother. She later married Pandu and bore Yudhisthira, w:Bhima and Arjuna. After the death of her husband, Kunti did not commit sati, but his other wife Madri did.", "The ambiguous emotions Karna felt about his birth mother play an important role in the Mahabharata. She later married Pandu and bore Yudhisthira, w:Bhima and Arjuna. After the death of her husband, Kunti did not commit sati, but his other wife Madri did. Kunti took care of Nakula and Sahadeva, the sons of Madri, as her own sons. Kunti perished in a forest fire in the Himalayas with her brother-in-law King Dhritarashtra and his wife Gandhari and attained heaven", "In Hindu mythology, Kunti (Sanskrit: कुन्ती Kuntī) was the daughter of Shurasena, and the foster daughter of his cousin Kuntibhoja. Kunti was the biological daughter of the Shurasena, a Yadava chief. Her birth name was Pritha. Kunti was the sister of Vasudeva, the father of Krishna and shared close relationship with Krishna.", "Karna – the most virtuous but tragic warrior from Mahabharata. Karna was the eldest son of Kunti. He was born before Kunti was wedded, so Kunti had to let him go and He, being the eldest and most deserving, had to live his life in obscurity. The only fault was his timing of birth, where he had no control over. Birth of Karna. Karna was born before his mother Kunti was married to prince Pandu. Kunti was granted a boon from sage Durvasa who was very pleased with her service and hospitality. The boon was that she can call upon any God to beget a child. Out of curiosity Kunti still being unmarried wanted to test the power of mantra", "Now Arjun fires a bow which brings down Karna's head from the trunk and leaves him dead! There are plenty of questions in the mind of Kunti and she mourns the death of her illegitimate son Karna. See it amazingly presented in Krishna serial by Ramanand Sagar. 1 Film & Animation. ", "Story Behind Karna. Karna was the son of Kunti from the Sun God. The story is that Kunti, while still very young, had occasion to serve Rishi (sage) Durvasha. She looked after him with great dedication. Durvasha was highly pleased. ", "As a result, Arjun shoots his special arrow on him and Karna falls down almost dead on the ground. His mother Kunti arrives on the spot and takes his head on her lap. She cries inconsolably for her son’s fate which shocks the Pandavas. The brothers ask her why she is crying for an enemy. Kunti reveals that Karna is their elder brother and he had promised her not to kill her other sons except Arjun. This truth freezes the Pandav brothers and they sink into deep remorse for having been killed their own brother. Karna’s foster mother Radha and his wife Vrushali also come on the scene. Radha abuses Kunti angrily for taking away her son’s life. Karna, however, consoles her and tells Radha that she should not be sad as it was because Kunti abandoned him, that he came into her life as son" ], "url": [ "http://www.pinkvilla.com/tvtags/arjun/mahabharat-what-happened-after-karna-s-death", "http://www.online-literature.com/tagore-rabindranath/the-fugitive/10/", "https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Kunti", "https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Kunti", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunti", "http://ritsin.com/seven-unknown-facts-about-karna-mahabharat-indian-mythology.html/", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jf8E7XzZIiU", "http://karna.org/story_behind_karna.html", "http://www.pinkvilla.com/tvtags/arjun/mahabharat-what-happened-after-karna-s-death" ] }

[ "As a result, Arjun shoots his special arrow on him and Karna falls down almost dead on the ground. His mother Kunti arrives on the spot and takes his head on her lap. She cries inconsolably for her son’s fate which shocks the Pandavas. The brothers ask her why she is crying for an enemy. Kunti reveals that Karna is their elder brother and he had promised her not to kill her other sons except Arjun. This truth freezes the Pandav brothers and they sink into deep remorse for having been killed their own brother. Karna’s foster mother Radha and his wife Vrushali also come on the scene. Radha abuses Kunti angrily for taking away her son’s life. Karna, however, consoles her and tells Radha that she should not be sad as it was because Kunti abandoned him, that he came into her life as son" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "In practice, the quartz wedge compensator is inserted at a 45-degree angle (with respect to the polarizer and analyzer) into the microscope optical train through a DIN slot located in the microscope nosepiece or an intermediate tube positioned between the frame and the observation tubes.", "A typical quartz wedge has an effective range of 4 orders (approximately 500 to 2000 nanometers) and is commonly employed for qualitative retardation measurements of petrographic specimens (rock and mineral thin sections) or other birefringent materials whose retardation value falls within the wedge limits.", "The quartz wedge is a simple, semi-quantitative compensator designed around a crystalline block of quartz cut with an elongated wedge angle so that the optical axis of the quartz is oriented either parallel or perpendicular to the edge of the birefringent crystal.", "Definition of QUARTZ WEDGE. : a piece of quartz cut in a thin wedge and used in the optical determination of minerals and in the study of polarized light. ADVERTISEMENT. This word doesn't usually appear in our free dictionary, but the definition from our premium Unabridged Dictionary is offered here on a limited basis.", "The Quartz Wedge Compensator. The quartz wedge is a simple, semi-quantitative compensator designed around a crystalline block of quartz cut with an elongated wedge angle so that the optical axis of the quartz is oriented either parallel or perpendicular to the edge of the birefringent crystal." ], "url": [ "http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/compensators/quartzwedge/index.html", "http://www.olympusmicro.com/primer/techniques/polarized/quartzwedge.html", "http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/techniques/polarized/quartzwedge.html", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/quartz%20wedge", "http://www.olympusmicro.com/primer/techniques/polarized/quartzwedge.html" ] }

[ "Definition of QUARTZ WEDGE. : a piece of quartz cut in a thin wedge and used in the optical determination of minerals and in the study of polarized light. ADVERTISEMENT. This word doesn't usually appear in our free dictionary, but the definition from our premium Unabridged Dictionary is offered here on a limited basis." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Nutritional Needs of Plants. Now that you have your tank setup with a good substrate and good lighting you need to supply your plants with a balanced diet of nutrients to begin growing a beautiful planted tank for your fish. First of all, the stronger the lighting you have, the hungrier your plants will be.", "Now that you have your tank setup with a good substrate and good lighting you need to supply your plants with a balanced diet of nutrients to begin growing a beautiful planted tank for your fish. First of all, the stronger the lighting you have, the hungrier your plants will be.", "Flourite can also be mixed with gravel, sand, and other types of substrate to provide your plants with healthy nutrients. If you plan to use flourite alone as the substrate in your planted tank you will only need about one pound per gallon.", "When using gravel as substrate in a planted tank, make sure the gravel is deep enough to cover the roots of your plants and to allow them space to grow. Sand-Sand is another popular substrate in planted tanks because it gives the aquarium a natural look.", "You also have to provide substrate at the proper depth for your aquarium plants. There are four groups of aquatic plants that can be classified by root type.", "The substrate is the floor of the tank and the material where the aquarium plants will root. The most important factor is that the substrate should be a material that does not adversely affect the water conditions by raising or lowering pH and water hardness. You want a happy medium.", "In planted and aquascaped tanks the correct choice of substrate is important when caring for concentrated plant life in the aquarium. Nature provides plants with soils, sands and gravels rich in nutrients from shoreline runoff and rainwater. A planted aquarium is closed off to its surroundings.", "Plants in the aquarium feed from the roots and the quality of the substrate will affect their color, growth and size. Popular aquascaping plants have different reuqirements due to their root structures and growth patterns. For example HC and Glossostigma excel with finer, high nutrient substrates." ], "url": [ "http://www.plantedtank.net/articles/Basics-to-starting-a-Planted-Tank/4/", "http://www.plantedtank.net/articles/Basics-to-starting-a-Planted-Tank/4/", "http://www.talkfishy.com/resources/aquarium-plants/445-planted-tank-substrates-4-choices-to-consider", "http://www.talkfishy.com/resources/aquarium-plants/445-planted-tank-substrates-4-choices-to-consider", "http://freshaquarium.about.com/cs/plantcare/a/plantsubstrate.htm", "http://freshaquarium.about.com/cs/plantcare/a/plantsubstrate.htm", "http://aquariuminfo.org/substrate.html", "http://aquariuminfo.org/substrate.html" ] }

[ "Flourite can also be mixed with gravel, sand, and other types of substrate to provide your plants with healthy nutrients. If you plan to use flourite alone as the substrate in your planted tank you will only need about one pound per gallon." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Cardiac muscle tissue is the third type of muscle tissue. Cardiac muscle tissue makes our hearts. Organs are groups of tissues that work together to do a job. Our skin is made of hair tissue, oil and sweat gland tissues, nerve tissue, blood tissue, and many other tissues to make the organ called skin. The different kinds of tissues are classified into four groups, epithelial tissue, connective tissue, nerve tissue, and muscle tissue. Within each group are many kinds of tissue, but they are similar in the job they do. Epithelial tissue’s job is to protect the body from injury and infection.", "The human eye has three layers of eye tissue: the fibrous layer, the vascular layer, and the retina. Each of these layers performs a different function in helping a human see or in eye, as well as forms a place for muscles to attach to. The vascular layer protects portions of the eye. The fibrous layer of eye tissue allows light to enter the ourishes the eye and controls how much light comes into it. The retina is the section of the eye that allows a person to see. The fibrous layer has two distinct parts", "It is possible to get a cancer in the tissues and structures surrounding the eyeball. The areas around the eyes are the orbit and the accessory muscles. Cancers that develop in these parts of the eye are cancers of muscle, nerve and skin tissue. Melanoma starting in the eyeball is the most common type of eye cancer in adults. Your specialist may call it uveal or choroidal melanoma. Doctors also group melanomas of the eyeball according to the way the cancerous cells look under a microscope.", "Basic Tissue Types. All of the various tissues of the human body can be categorized into four basic tissue types. All organs are built of these four tissues, which have consistent characteristics and arrangements from organ to organ. Thus an appreciation of the major features of these four basic tissue types can greatly simplify your understanding of the cellular composition of the many organ systems. ", "The 4 Basic Tissue Types in the Human Bodywww.exploringnature.org Tissues are groups of cells with a common structure (form) and function (job).There are four main tissues in the body – epithelium, muscle, connective tissue and nervous tissue. ", "There are several types of laser surgery used to treat glaucoma. The type of laser surgery will depend on the form of glaucoma and how severe it is. Lasers produce a focused beam of light that can make a very small burn or opening in your eye tissue, depending on the strength of the light beam.", "1 The visible surface of the iris consists of loose connective tissue and includes blood vessels. 2 The color of the iris (eye color) results both from scattering of light by its trabecular meshwork of collagen fibers and from absorption of light by melanin granules in scattered melanocytes. The eyeball consists of three principal layers. 1 The outer layer, or sclera, consists of dense fibrous connective tissue. 2 The sclera is white of the eye. 3 The sclera is continuous with the transparent substantia propria of the cornea.", "Connective tissue is the tough, often fibrous tissue that binds the body's structures together and provides support and elasticity. It is present in almost every organ, forming a large part of skin, tendons, joints, ligaments, blood vessels, and muscles. Each organ is a recognizable structure (for example, the heart, lungs, liver, eyes, and stomach) that performs specific functions. An organ is made of several types of tissue and therefore several types of cells (see Cells).", "Section of epididymis. Connective tissue (blue) is seen supporting the epithelium (purple). Connective tissue (CT) is one of the four types of biological tissue that support, connect, or separate different types of tissues and organs in the body. The other three types are epithelial, muscle, and nervous tissue. Connective tissue is found in between other tissues everywhere in the body, including the nervous system. In the central nervous system the outer membranes, the meninges, that cover the brain and spinal cord are composed of connective tissue.", "Inside the Torso. The body's functions are conducted by organs. Each organ is a recognizable structure (for example, the heart, lungs, liver, eyes, and stomach) that performs specific functions. An organ is made of several types of tissue and therefore several types of cells (see Cells)." ], "url": [ "http://www.beaconlearningcenter.com/documents/1966_3268.pdf", "http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-the-different-layers-of-eye-tissue.htm", "http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/type/eye-cancer/about/types-of-eye-cancer", "http://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/intro/4basic.htm", "http://www.exploringnature.org/graphics/teaching_aids/Tissue_identification.pdf", "http://www.glaucoma.org/treatment/laser-surgery.php", "http://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/ssb/eye.htm", "http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/fundamentals/the-human-body/tissues-and-organs", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connective_tissue", "http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/fundamentals/the-human-body/tissues-and-organs" ] }

[ "Section of epididymis. Connective tissue (blue) is seen supporting the epithelium (purple). Connective tissue (CT) is one of the four types of biological tissue that support, connect, or separate different types of tissues and organs in the body. The other three types are epithelial, muscle, and nervous tissue. Connective tissue is found in between other tissues everywhere in the body, including the nervous system. In the central nervous system the outer membranes, the meninges, that cover the brain and spinal cord are composed of connective tissue." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "What is IR Thermography? Thermography is a technology that actually allows us to see thermal energy or heat! If you saw the movie Predator or Predator 2, you saw real infrared video footage! ", "That is true, but not in the way it is often implied. Yes, thermography is FDA-approved for the detection of breast cancer, but what they don’t tell you is that thermography is not approved alone for screening women for the detection of breast cancer. It’s approved to be used in conjunction with mammography. ", "thermography. 1. Engineering, a method of measuring surf ace temperatures by using luminescent materials. 2. a printing or photocopying process using infrared rays and heat. 3. a process of photography using far-infrared radiation; thermal photography. thermography-diagnostic technique using a thermograph to record the heat produced by different parts of the body; used to study blood flow and to detect tumors. diagnostic procedure, diagnostic technique-a procedure followed in making a medical diagnosis.", "Infrared thermography is the use of an infrared thermal imaging system to detect, display, and record thermal patterns and temperature values across a given surface. The concept of infrared thermography is simple (how does thermal imaging work). All objects above absolute zero or zero Kelvin emit infrared radiation. While infrared energy is invisible to the human eye, it is detectable with a thermal imager, also known as an infrared camera.", "Thermography, also called thermal imaging, uses a special camera to measure the temperature of the skin on the breast’s surface. It is non-invasive test that involves no radiation. Thermography is based on two ideas: 1 Because cancer cells are growing and multiplying very fast, blood flow and metabolism are higher in a cancer tumor. 2 As blood flow and metabolism increase, skin temperature goes up.", "Infrared thermography (IRT) , thermal imaging, and thermal video are examples of infrared imaging science. Thermographic cameras usually detect radiation in the long-infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum (roughly 9,000–14,000 nanometers or 9–14 µm) and produce images of that radiation, called thermograms. Firefighters use thermography to see through smoke, to find persons, and to localize the base of a fire. Maintenance technicians use thermography to locate overheating joints and sections of power lines, which are a sign of impending failure.", "The science of Thermography is the application of these heat readings to locate abnormal pathology or function in the body. It is reputed that Socrates used to put wet mud on his clients and looked to see where it dried first, to look for inflammation in the body. ", "However, breast thermography is not a replacement for or alternative to mammography or any other form of breast imaging. Breast thermography is a risk assessment tool that is meant to be used in addition to mammography and other tests or procedures. Breast thermography and mammography are complementary procedures, one test does not replace the other. Thermography may also be used for full body imaging. Our center provides full body thermography for the detection of thermal markers that may alert your doctor to a current or future problem. For more information please visit our full body thermography site at www.thermographyonline.com.", "Infrared thermography is equipment or method, which detects infrared energy emitted from object, converts it to temperature, and displays image of temperature distribution. ", "Definition of THERMOGRAPHY. 1. : a process of writing or printing involving the use of heat; especially: a raised-printing process in which matter printed by letterpress is dusted with powder and heated to make the lettering rise. 2." ], "url": [ "http://www1.infraredtraining.com/view/?id=40485", "https://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/dr-christiane-northrup-and-breast-thermography-the-opportunistic-promotion-of-quackery/", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/thermography", "http://bin95.com/what-is-infrared-thermography.htm", "http://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/testing/types/thermography", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermography", "http://www.chiro.org/acc/What_is_Thermography.shtml", "http://breastthermography.com/", "http://www.infrared.avio.co.jp/en/products/ir-thermo/what-thermo.html", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thermography" ] }

[ "Definition of THERMOGRAPHY. 1. : a process of writing or printing involving the use of heat; especially: a raised-printing process in which matter printed by letterpress is dusted with powder and heated to make the lettering rise. 2." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The Hawaiian Islands were formed by volcanic activity. The Hawaiian Emperor seamount chain is a well-known example of a large seamount and island chain created by hot-spot volcanism. Each island or submerged seamount in the chain is successively older toward the northwest. Volcanoes can also form in the middle of a plate, where magma rises upward until it erupts on the sea floor, at what is called a “hot spot.”. The Hawaiian Islands were formed by such a hot spot occurring in the middle of the Pacific Plate. While the hot spot itself is fixed, the plate is moving.", "Most volcanoes occur near the Earth's plate boundaries, but some do not. For example, the Hawaiian islands have been formed over millions of years by volcanic eruptions thousands of miles from the edges of the Pacific plate. Island formation is still happening on Hawaii every time the shield volcanoes Kilauea and Mauna Loa erupt. Hotspots. In geology, the places known as hotspots or hot spots are volcanic regions thought to be fed by underlying mantle that is anomalously hot compared with the surrounding mantle. They may be on, near to, or far from tectonic plate boundaries.", "This observation is a strong evidence for the theory that volcanic hotspots like the Hawaiian Islands originate from mantle plumes generated at the Earth's core-mantle boundary. New explanation for Hawaiian hot spot. (PhysOrg.com) -- Scientists in the US have suggested that volcanic activity in Hawaii could be fed by a giant hot rock pool 1,000 kilometers west of the islands and in the Earths mantle, rather than being fed by a hot ...", "A mantle plume is a mechanism proposed in 1971 to explain volcanic regions of the earth that were not thought to be explicable by the then-new theory of plate tectonics. Some such volcanic regions lie far from tectonic plate boundaries, for example, Hawaii. The theory predicts mushroom mantle plumes of about 2000 km diameter with a critical time of about 830 Myr for a core mantle heat flux of 20 mW/m 2, while the cycle time is about 2 Gyr. The number of mantle plumes is predicted to be about 17.", "The Hawaiian Islands, for example, are a chain of volcanoes thought to have their origin in a mysterious hot spot beneath the Pacific ocean floor. Every island in the chain starts as an active volcano fed by the hot spot that eventually rises above the ocean surface. New explanation for Hawaiian hot spot. (PhysOrg.com) -- Scientists in the US have suggested that volcanic activity in Hawaii could be fed by a giant hot rock pool 1,000 kilometers west of the islands and in the Earths mantle, rather than being fed by a hot ...", "A mantle plume is posited to exist where hot rock nucleates at the core-mantle boundary and rises through the Earth's mantle becoming a diapir in the Earth's crust. The theory predicts mushroom mantle plumes of about 2000 km diameter with a critical time of about 830 Myr for a core mantle heat flux of 20 mW/m 2, while the cycle time is about 2 Gyr. The number of mantle plumes is predicted to be about 17.", "In areas where the plates come together, sometimes volcanoes will form. Volcanoes can also form in the middle of a plate, where magma rises upward until it erupts on the sea floor, at what is called a “hot spot.”. The Hawaiian Islands were formed by such a hot spot occurring in the middle of the Pacific Plate. While the hot spot itself is fixed, the plate is moving. So, as the plate moved over the hot spot, the string of islands that make up the Hawaiian Island chain were formed. The Hawaiian Islands form an archipelago that extends over a vast area of the North Pacific Ocean", "The source of mantle plumes, is postulated to be the core-mantle boundary at 3,000 km depth. Because there is little material transport across the core-mantle boundary, heat transfer must occur by conduction, with adiabatic gradients above and below this boundary. The theory predicts mushroom mantle plumes of about 2000 km diameter with a critical time of about 830 Myr for a core mantle heat flux of 20 mW/m 2, while the cycle time is about 2 Gyr. The number of mantle plumes is predicted to be about 17.", "The Hawaiian Islands are volcanic in origin. Each island is made up of at least one primary volcano, although many islands are composites of more than one. The Big Island, for instance, is constructed of 5 major volcanoes: Kilauea, Mauna Loa, Mauna Kea, Hualalai and Kohala. As the plate moves over a fixed spot deeper in the Earth where magma (molten lava) forms, a new volcano can punch through this plate and create an island. The Hawaiian Islands are believed to be formed from one such 'hot spot'. As the plate moves away, the volcano stops erupting and a new one is formed in its place.", "The original ideaIn 1963 Wilson suggested that the Hawaiian Islands formed as the Pacific plate moved over continuously upwelling hot mantle. In 1968 Christofferson conjectured that the Emperor-Hawaii elbow records a change in direction of the Pacific plate over a fixed hotspot. " ], "url": [ "http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/hawaii.html", "http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/earth/surface_and_interior/hotspot", "http://phys.org/news/2012-07-experimental-evidence-mantle-plume-hypothesis.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantle_plume", "http://phys.org/news/2012-07-experimental-evidence-mantle-plume-hypothesis.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantle_plume", "http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/hawaii.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantle_plume", "http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/GG/HCV/haw_formation.html", "http://www.newgeology.us/presentation37.html" ] }

[ "This observation is a strong evidence for the theory that volcanic hotspots like the Hawaiian Islands originate from mantle plumes generated at the Earth's core-mantle boundary. New explanation for Hawaiian hot spot. (PhysOrg.com) -- Scientists in the US have suggested that volcanic activity in Hawaii could be fed by a giant hot rock pool 1,000 kilometers west of the islands and in the Earths mantle, rather than being fed by a hot ...", "In areas where the plates come together, sometimes volcanoes will form. Volcanoes can also form in the middle of a plate, where magma rises upward until it erupts on the sea floor, at what is called a “hot spot.”. The Hawaiian Islands were formed by such a hot spot occurring in the middle of the Pacific Plate. While the hot spot itself is fixed, the plate is moving. So, as the plate moved over the hot spot, the string of islands that make up the Hawaiian Island chain were formed. The Hawaiian Islands form an archipelago that extends over a vast area of the North Pacific Ocean" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Right now the average monthly OAS payment is $515 and the maximum amount an individual can receive is $545. Get the max by doing the math. In total, the average combined annual payout from CPP and OAS is currently $12,528 and the maximum annual payout is $18,372. Depending on how you want to live in retirement that could be a good portion of overall living expenses.", "As with the Canada Pension Plan, the Old Age Security (OAS) pension is an important part of Canada’s retirement income system. Old Age Security payments are available to any Canadian citizen or legal resident of Canada that is over the age of 65 and has lived in Canada for at least 10 years after the age of 18.", "Old Age Security (OAS) pension. 1 The amount is determined based on the number of years of residency in Canada. 2 The amount is taxable. 3 For 2015, you must reimburse all or part of your. 4 pension if your net individual income exceeds $ 72,809 (including the. 5 pension).", "For 2011, the maximum OAS benefit is $540.12/month or $6,481.44/year. To receive this, you would need to have lived in Canada for 40 years after the age of 18. Anything less than 40 years results in a reduced old age security benefits.", "If you are a pensioner but do not receive the maximum OAS pension you should contact Service Canada to receive accurate information about your benefits. Note – Pensioners with an individual net income above $67,668 must repay part or all of the maximum Old Age Security pension amount.", "OAS is earned at the rate of 1/40th of the full basic amount (currently $564.87 monthly) for every year of residence in Canada. If you will have 18 complete years of residence in Canada when you turn age 65, you will receive 18/40ths of $564.87 = $254.19 monthly.", "The Old Age Security benefit is available to Canadians and legal residents depending on how long they have lived in the country. The size of one's Canada Pension Plan benefit, on the other hand, depends on how much and for how long a person has contributed to the plan.", "Old age security (OAS) benefits, which consist of the basic OAS pension, the Guaranteed Income Supplement (GIS) and the Allowances, will remain the same for the first quarter of 2015 (January to March). As of Jan. 1, 2015, the basic OAS pension will stay at $563.74 per month." ], "url": [ "https://ca.finance.yahoo.com/blogs/insight/cpp-oas-maximum-supplements-183203085.html", "http://canadianfinanceblog.com/what-is-the-old-age-security-oas-pension/", "http://www.rrq.gouv.qc.ca/en/flashretraiteqc/Pages/capsule_retraite_007.aspx", "http://www.milliondollarjourney.com/old-age-security-and-the-oas-clawback.htm", "http://retirehappy.ca/how-much-will-the-government-pay-me/", "http://retirehappy.ca/how-much-will-the-government-pay-you/", "http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/taxes/canada-pension-plan-vs-old-age-security-the-differences-explained-1.1239963", "http://www.benefitscanada.com/pensions/db/cpp-benefits-rising-in-2015-60918" ] }

[ "OAS is earned at the rate of 1/40th of the full basic amount (currently $564.87 monthly) for every year of residence in Canada. If you will have 18 complete years of residence in Canada when you turn age 65, you will receive 18/40ths of $564.87 = $254.19 monthly." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Average Petroleum Geologist Geophysicist Salaries. The average salary for petroleum geologist geophysicist jobs is $85,000. Average petroleum geologist geophysicist salaries can vary greatly due to company, location, industry, experience and benefits. ", "For example the median expected annual pay for a typical Geophysicist I in the United States is $69,809 so 50% of the people who perform the job of Geophysicist I in the United States are expected to make less than $69,809. Source: HR Reported data as of October 2015. Median $69,809. Aids in the design, planning, and execution of geophysical investigations and projects including data collection, processing, analyzing, and reporting. Requires a bachelor's/master's degree and 0-2 years of experience in the field or in a related area.", "Louisiana employers paid their geophysicists $103,770. Those in Washington and Wyoming earned salaries significantly less than the national average of $108,420 for all geophysicists, at $84,950 and $76,790, respectively. These geoscientists earned the highest salaries of $154,230 in the oil and gas extraction industry, according to May 2013 BLS data. They made $152,370 in the petroleum and coal products manufacturing industry, while those in the support activities for mining industry averaged $137,010.", "Average Geophysicist salaries for job postings in Houston, TX are 13% higher than average Geophysicist salaries for job postings nationwide. ", "''PayScale.com'' reported salary data for geophysicists specifically in September 2014; the salary range for most geophysicists at that time was $54,739-$172,428. ", "Salary Between $105,000 and $110,000. The average salary for a geoscientist was $108,420 as of May 2013, according to the BLS. The top 25 percent made more than $134,390 per year. The minimum educational requirement for this job is a bachelor's degree in one of the geosciences, including geology or geophysics. These geoscientists earned the highest salaries of $154,230 in the oil and gas extraction industry, according to May 2013 BLS data. They made $152,370 in the petroleum and coal products manufacturing industry, while those in the support activities for mining industry averaged $137,010.", "(United Kingdom). The average salary for a Geophysicist is £40,444 per year. A skill in seismic interpretation is associated with high pay for this job. Most people move on to other jobs if they have more than 20 years' experience in this field. Total Pay (?XTotal Pay combines base annual salary or hourly wage, bonuses, profit sharing, tips, commissions, overtime pay and other forms of cash earnings, as applicable", "Geophysicist Salary. (United States). The average pay for a Geophysicist is $98,522 per year. The highest paying skills associated with this job are seismic interpretation, Data Modeling, and Interpretation. Experience strongly influences income for this job. Total Pay (?XTotal Pay combines base annual salary or hourly wage, bonuses, profit sharing, tips, commissions, overtime pay and other forms of cash earnings, as applicabl", "Here is another one, the salary range for geophysicist is really broad and can be as low as 30,000 a year. At the low end, I can see some near surface geophysics companies such as Naeva Geophysics and Radar Solutions International. I am a geophysicist with 19 years experience. In general, salaries tend to be lower than day-rate consulting income. Domestic income tends to be lower than overseas work. In Houston, I would say up to $200,000 is possible (before taxes) on a salary basis." ], "url": [ "http://www.simplyhired.com/salaries-k-petroleum-geologist-geophysicist-jobs.html", "http://www1.salary.com/Geophysicist-I-salary.html", "http://www.ehow.com/facts_5181240_average-salary-geophysicist.html", "http://www.indeed.com/salary/q-Geophysicist-l-Houston,-TX.html", "http://study.com/articles/Geophysicist_Job_Description_Duties_and_Requirements.html", "http://www.ehow.com/facts_5181240_average-salary-geophysicist.html", "http://www.payscale.com/research/UK/Job=Geophysicist/Salary", "http://www.payscale.com/research/US/Job=Geophysicist/Salary", "http://forum.detectation.com/viewtopic.php?t=936" ] }

[ "Geophysicist Salary. (United States). The average pay for a Geophysicist is $98,522 per year. The highest paying skills associated with this job are seismic interpretation, Data Modeling, and Interpretation. Experience strongly influences income for this job. Total Pay (?XTotal Pay combines base annual salary or hourly wage, bonuses, profit sharing, tips, commissions, overtime pay and other forms of cash earnings, as applicabl" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Studio version, lyrics, pics. http://www.tr-i.com/. Hello, it's me. I've thought about us for a long, long time. Maybe I think too much but something's wrong. There's something here that doesn't last too long. Maybe I shouldn't think of you as mine. Seeing you", "One of my favorites by this groupTurnerBrooklyn, NY Pamela-Brooklyn, Ny. Todd Rundgren performed vocals, background vocals, and all the instrumental tracks on Hello It's Me. Tim-Charlotte, Nc. Many childhood memories are refreshed when I hear this song ... Speaking about the song in Mojo, he explained: 'Hello, It's Me' has become the albatross to me: everyone has attached to me the idea of the amateur singer, the amateur piano player, the funk-free boy doing his little song.", "I tried to capture those changes, and those changes became what are the changes underneath Hello It's Me.. I then had to come up with melody and words, but the changes are actually almost lifted literally from something that was, from Jimmy Smith's standpoint, a throwaway. Rundgren recorded an uptempo version of Hello It's Me on his 1972 solo album Something/Anything? . Although a remake of the original, this new version became widely popular and has since become a staple of the classic rock genre.", "Hello It's Me is a Billboard no. 5 hit song composed, recorded, and performed by Todd Rundgren, released in late 1972. 1 1 Background. Rundgren recorded an uptempo version of Hello It's Me on his 1972 solo album Something/Anything? . Although a remake of the original, this new version became widely popular and has since become a staple of the classic rock genre.", "Background [edit]. Hello It's Me was the first original song by Todd Rundgren. It was first recorded in 1968 by Rundgren's band Nazz and was included on their self-titled debut album. Rundgren recorded an uptempo version of Hello It's Me on his 1972 solo album Something/Anything? . Although a remake of the original, this new version became widely popular and has since become a staple of the classic rock genre.", "Rock. Todd Rundgren's best-known songs -- the Carole King pastiche I Saw the Light, the ballads Hello, It's Me and Can We Still Be Friends, and the goofy novelty Bang on the Drum All Day -- suggest that he is a talented pop craftsman, but nothing more than that. Although the song would later become a major hit for Rundgren as a solo artist, the dirgey original version barely scraped the national charts. Despite the lack of success, the record -- particularly the Nazz's self-production of Open My Eyes and Hello, It's Me -- attracted some good notices.", "Answer Todd Rundgren sang Hello It's Me. Answer also done by Nazz in 1970 Thank you to whoever answered correctly! I didn't realize anybody was on her … e that intelligent! Todd is great! You will have to be more specific. This children's song has hello, hello, … hello. It goes.. Hello hello hello Hello how are you? I'm glad to be with you And you and you and you. Tra-la-la-la-la-la-la-la Tra-la-la-la-la-la-la-la.", "Hello, it's me. I've thought about us for a long, long time. Maybe I think too much but something's wrong. There's something here that doesn't last too long. Maybe I shouldn't think of you as mine. Pazuzu1romrem Jul 3, 2011 at 5:00 pm. +1. When the song first came out, mid-seventies, my first love gave me this record. I moved and she stayed and although after forty years every time I hear this song, I think of her.", "Hello It's me, I've thought about us for a long, long time. Maybe I think too much but some thing's wrong. There's something here that doesn't last too long. Maybe I shouldn't think of you as mine. Seeing you. or seeing anything as much as I do you. Hello It's Me is track #13 on the album For Lack of Honest Work. It was written by Rundgren, Todd Harry.", "\\n(think of me). Hello, it's me. \\nI've thought about us for a long, long time. \\nMaybe I think too much but something's wrong. \\nThere's something here that doesn't last too long. \\nMaybe I shouldn't think of you as mine. \\nSeeing you. Pazuzu1romrem Jul 3, 2011 at 5:00 pm. +1. When the song first came out, mid-seventies, my first love gave me this record. I moved and she stayed and although after forty years every time I hear this song, I think of her." ], "url": [ "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lLeCB7Kn-VE", "http://www.songfacts.com/detail.php?id=5871", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hello_It%27s_Me", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hello_It%27s_Me", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hello_It%27s_Me", "http://www.mtv.com/artists/todd-rundgren/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Who_sang_hello", "http://www.lyricsmode.com/lyrics/t/todd_rundgren/hello_its_me.html", "http://www.metrolyrics.com/hello-its-me-lyrics-todd-rundgren.html", "http://www.lyricsmode.com/lyrics/t/todd_rundgren/hello_its_me.html" ] }

[ "Background [edit]. Hello It's Me was the first original song by Todd Rundgren. It was first recorded in 1968 by Rundgren's band Nazz and was included on their self-titled debut album. Rundgren recorded an uptempo version of Hello It's Me on his 1972 solo album Something/Anything? . Although a remake of the original, this new version became widely popular and has since become a staple of the classic rock genre." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "« Back to Analytical Projects. Background: Iron gall ink has been used for the last several centuries, and some formulations can be extremely corrosive to documents. The ink can render manuscripts and other documents illegible and inaccessible by causing loss of text, bleeding, fading, strike-through and acid migration", "Iron gall ink contains three ingredients, plus water: oak galls, ferrous sulphate, and gum arabic. I used a 1770 recipe that calls for two ounces of crushed oak galls soaked overnight in one pint of water, then strained into one ounce of ferrous sulphate. ", "Oak galls and iron(II) sulfate, ingredients of iron gall ink. Iron gall ink (also known as iron gall nut ink, oak gall ink, and common ink) is a purple-black or brown-black ink made from iron salts and tannic acids from vegetable sources. While a very effective ink, the formula was less than ideal. Iron gall ink is acidic ranging from roughly equivalent to a lemon (pH ≈ 2) to that of a cup of black coffee (pH ≈ 5). In chemistry, pH is a measure of the activity of the (solvated) hydrogen ion, where a lower pH level indicates a more acidic solution", "Iron-gall ink was very useful because it ate into the parchment and did not rub off documents. To make iron-gall ink, galls from oak trees were crushed then mixed with water and vitriol (iron sulfate). Gum arabic from acacia trees was added as the suspension agent. The result was iron-gall ink. Leonardo da Vinci wrote his notes using iron-gall ink. Bach wrote his compositions with it. Iron-gall ink was the most important ink in Western history. Leonardo da Vinci wrote his notes using iron-gall ink. Bach wrote his compositions with it. Rembrandt and Van Gogh drew with it.", "Iron Gall Ink. Iron gall ink was in popular use from about the 12th century up until new technologies made it obsolete in the 19th century. It was easily made at home and it was permanent, which explains its popularity. When first applied the ink is a light brown or sepia color, but as it dries it turns purplish-black. Here is some background information on Iron Gall Ink. Iron Gall Ink was used so frequently and so commonly throughout history that it is a part of many valuable collections.", "Ink corrosion: iron gall ink causes paper and parchment to disintegrate. By mixing tannin with iron sulfate, a water-soluble ferrous tannate complex is formed. Because of its solubility, the ink is able to penetrate the paper surface, making it difficult to erase. While a very effective ink, the formula was less than ideal. Iron gall ink is acidic ranging from roughly equivalent to a lemon (pH ≈ 2) to that of a cup of black coffee (pH ≈ 5). In chemistry, pH is a measure of the activity of the (solvated) hydrogen ion, where a lower pH level indicates a more acidic solution", "Iron gall ink is primarily made from tannin (most often extracted from galls), vitriol (Ferrous Sulfate (FeSO4) (FeSO4)), gum, and water. Because of the indeliblilty of iron gall ink it was the ink of choice for documentation from the late Middle Ages to the middle of the twentieth century. Iron gall ink was stable in light, easily made, inexpensive, and the ingrediebts were readily available." ], "url": [ "http://loc.gov/preservation/scientists/projects/iron_gall_ink.html", "http://www.instructables.com/id/Making-Iron-Gall-Ink/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_gall_ink", "http://www.blotspens.co.uk/acatalog/Blots-Iron-Gall-Ink.html", "http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/stagser/s1259/103/website/ink.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_gall_ink", "http://elkinvanaeon.net/Alchemy_II/Herbs/Ink.htm" ] }

[ "Oak galls and iron(II) sulfate, ingredients of iron gall ink. Iron gall ink (also known as iron gall nut ink, oak gall ink, and common ink) is a purple-black or brown-black ink made from iron salts and tannic acids from vegetable sources. While a very effective ink, the formula was less than ideal. Iron gall ink is acidic ranging from roughly equivalent to a lemon (pH ≈ 2) to that of a cup of black coffee (pH ≈ 5). In chemistry, pH is a measure of the activity of the (solvated) hydrogen ion, where a lower pH level indicates a more acidic solution" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Wages in Denmark increased to 38957.98 DKK/Month in 2014 from 38525.37 DKK/Month in 2013. This page provides-Denmark Average Wages in Private Sector Index-actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news. Content for-Denmark Standardized Monthly Earnings-was last refreshed on Friday, October 23, 2015.", "Wages in Manufacturing in Denmark averaged 99.32 Index Points from 1994 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 132.60 Index Points in the second quarter of 2015 and a record low of 66 Index Points in the first quarter of 1994. 1Y 5Y 10Y MAX. Forecast Export Data API Access. ", "List of European countries by average wage. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This is a map and list of countries containing monthly (annual divided by 12 months) gross and net income (after taxes) average wages in Europe in their local currency and in Euro. The chart below reflects the average (mean) wage as reported by various data providers.", "Wages in Denmark averaged 37473.73 DKK/Month from 2009 until 2014, reaching an all time high of 38957.98 DKK/Month in 2014 and a record low of 35381.53 DKK/Month in 2009. This page provides-Denmark Average Wages in Private Sector Index-actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news. Content for-Denmark Standardized Monthly Earnings-was last refreshed on Friday, October 23, 2015.", "The average minimum wage for all private and public sector collective bargaining agreements is approximately DKK 110 ($20) per hour, exclusive of pension benefits. The Danish minimum wage of $20 or $21 is actually an average of all minimum wages across a variety of sectors. ", "In Denmark, wages are benchmarked using the average salary. This page provides-Denmark Average Wages in Private Sector Index-actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news. Content for-Denmark Standardized Monthly Earnings-was last refreshed on Friday, October 23, 2015.", "Software Developer Salary. (Denmark). The average salary for a Software Developer is $63,620 per year. A skill in C++ is associated with high pay for this job. Experience has a moderate effect on income for this job. Most people with this job move on to other positions after 20 years in this career. ", "Money, while it cannot buy happiness, is an important means to achieving higher living standards. In Denmark, the average household net-adjusted disposable income per capita is USD 26 491 a year, more than the OECD average of USD 25 908 a year. But there is a considerable gap between the richest and poorest – the top 20% of the population earn close to four times as much as the bottom 20%. Household financial wealth is the total value of a household’s financial worth, such as money or shares held in bank accounts. In Denmark, the average household net financial wealth per capita is estimated at USD 44 488, lower than the OECD average of USD 67 139.", "Average Denmark Salaries. The average salary for denmark jobs is $61,000. Average denmark salaries can vary greatly due to company, location, industry, experience and benefits. This salary was calculated using the average salary for all jobs with the term denmark anywhere in the job listing. ", "Danish people earn USD 48 347 per year on average, more than the OECD average of USD 36 118. Not everyone earns that amount however. In all OECD countries, men still earn more than women, with an average wage gap of 15.5%. In Denmark, men earn 7.8% more than women. Also, whereas the top 20% of the population earn an estimated USD 56 276 per year, the bottom 20% live on an estimated USD 28 524 per year. Household financial wealth is the total value of a household’s financial worth, such as money or shares held in bank accounts. In Denmark, the average household net financial wealth per capita is estimated at USD 44 488, lower than the OECD average of USD 67 139." ], "url": [ "http://www.tradingeconomics.com/denmark/wages", "http://www.tradingeconomics.com/denmark/wages-in-manufacturing", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_European_countries_by_average_wage", "http://www.tradingeconomics.com/denmark/wages", "http://www.wageindicator.org/main/salary/minimum-wage/denmark", "http://www.tradingeconomics.com/denmark/wages", "http://www.payscale.com/research/DK/Job=Software_Developer/Salary", "http://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/countries/denmark/", "http://www.simplyhired.com/salaries-k-denmark-jobs.html", "http://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/countries/denmark/" ] }

[ "The average minimum wage for all private and public sector collective bargaining agreements is approximately DKK 110 ($20) per hour, exclusive of pension benefits. The Danish minimum wage of $20 or $21 is actually an average of all minimum wages across a variety of sectors. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Zygotes are the original cell that is formed when the animal sperm and egg cells combine. Originally a zygote is only 1 cell, but it begins to divide through the process of mitosis until it becomes much larger, eventually developing into an embryo, then fetus, and eventually, a developing baby. Zygotes are only formed through the process of [b]fertilization[/b], which is the actual combining of a male sperm cell and a female egg cell.", "Sex Greek meaning to cross.. Meiosis is the production of sperm and egg cells. These cells are Gamete or Sex cells. Each cell has to go through the division process twice in order for the cell to end up with half the number of chromosomes. The cells pass on genetic information to the offspring. ", "The cells from each parent that combine to form the zygote are called gametes. In humans, the male gamete is called sperm, and the female gamete is called an egg. When the gametes join they form a cell called a zygote. Human sperm and eggs contain 23 chromosomes. Human zygotes contain 46 chromosomes. ", "Explanations. Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis. Meiosis, the process by which gametes are formed, can also be called gametogenesis, literally “creation of gametes.” The specific type of meiosis that forms sperm is called spermatogenesis, while the formation of egg cells, or ova, is called oogenesis. ", "[b]Zygotes[/b] are the original cell that is formed when the animal sperm and egg cells combine. Originally a zygote is only 1 cell, but it begins to divide through the process of mitosis until it becomes much larger, eventually developing into an embryo, then fetus, and eventually, a developing baby. Zygotes are only formed through the process of [b]fertilization[/b], which is the actual combining of a male sperm cell and a female egg cell.", "During meiosis in humans, 1 diploid cell (with 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs) undergoes 2 cycles of cell division but only 1 round of DNA replication. The result is 4 haploid daughter cells known as gametes or egg and sperm cells (each with 23 chromosomes – 1 from each pair in the diploid cell). At conception, an egg cell and a sperm cell combine to form a zygote (46 chromosomes or 23 pairs). This is the 1 st cell of a new individual.", "Confidence votes 175. Gametes are sex cells, formed through the process meiosis in which a cell divides to have half of the normal amount of DNA. ", "Gametes are produced through meiosis. Meiosis and mitosis are two types of cell division that only occur in eukaryotes. Meiosis is the process that transforms one diploid cell into four haploid cells in eukaryotes in order to redistribute the diploid's cell's genome. It forms the basis of sexual reproduction. ", "Gametes are produced by a type of cell division called meiosis. They are haploid, meaning that they contain only one set of chromosomes. When the haploid male and female gametes unite in a process called fertilization, they form what is called a zygote. The zygote is diploid and contains two sets of chromosomes. Definition: Gametes are reproductive cells (sex cells) that unite during sexual reproduction to form a new cell called a zygote. Male gametes are sperm and female gametes are ova (eggs). In seed bearing plants, p ollen is the male sperm producing gametophyte. Female gametes are contained within the plant ovary.", "Gametes are an organism's reproductive cells. They are also referred to as sex cells. Female gametes are called ova or egg cells, and male gametes are called sperm. Gametes are haploid cells, and each cell carries only one copy of each chromosome. These reproductive cells are produced through a type of cell division called meiosis. " ], "url": [ "https://wikis.engrade.com/gameteszygotesandfertili", "http://utahscience.oremjr.alpine.k12.ut.us/sciber00/7th/genetics/sciber/compare.htm", "http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_edexcel/cells/mitosisrev2.shtml", "http://www.sparknotes.com/testprep/books/sat2/biology/chapter7section2.rhtml", "https://wikis.engrade.com/gameteszygotesandfertili", "http://sciencelearn.org.nz/Contexts/Uniquely-Me/Science-Ideas-and-Concepts/Meiosis-inheritance-and-variation", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_are_Gametes_formed_through", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=1006031214350", "http://biology.about.com/od/geneticsglossary/g/gametes.htm", "http://www.nature.com/scitable/definition/gamete-gametes-311" ] }

[ "Gametes are produced by a type of cell division called meiosis. They are haploid, meaning that they contain only one set of chromosomes. When the haploid male and female gametes unite in a process called fertilization, they form what is called a zygote. The zygote is diploid and contains two sets of chromosomes. Definition: Gametes are reproductive cells (sex cells) that unite during sexual reproduction to form a new cell called a zygote. Male gametes are sperm and female gametes are ova (eggs). In seed bearing plants, p ollen is the male sperm producing gametophyte. Female gametes are contained within the plant ovary." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "IDG News Service. Microsoft gave users a new glimpse at how their feedback is being used to shape Windows 10 as the company closes in on its first consumer release of the new operating system. ", "Provide Feedback on Anything. Microsoft allows you to send feedback on anything in the system. Even if someone else has already provided this feedback, you can cast your vote so Microsoft knows how many users agree with the feedback. First, open the Windows Feedback app — you’ll find it in the Start menu. It’s also one of the default tiles, so you can’t miss it. The first time you open this app, you’ll need to register for the “Windows Insider Preview Program.” Just click the link in the window. This is the real reason to use the Windows 10 Technical Preview. Microsoft needs this feedback to make Windows 10 a product people like and want to use — with Windows 8, they demonstrated they couldn’t make a compelling product while ignoring feedback. Windows 10 is looking so great because it’s a product of listening to the criticisms of Windows 8", "The new build of Windows 10 – build number 10525 – has a new app called Feedback app. It can be used to send feedback to the team working on Windows 10. It can also be used to report problems to the Windows 10 team. In addition, you can view what are other users posting as feature requests. As said earlier, you can use the Windows 10 Feedback App to see what are other users requesting as features, complaints by other users on particular problems, and to add and send your own feedback, suggestion or complaint to the Windows 10 team.", "All Windows 10 users will now have access to the Windows Feedback app, allowing anyone using Microsoft's operating system to give their opinions that will be sent to the Windows development team. We have decided to include the Windows Feedback app in the released version of Windows 10 for all our customers.", "So, as you can see, providing feedback to Microsoft as part of the Windows 10 Insider Program is quite easy. If you have yet to provide feedback to Microsoft and you are running Windows 10, we highly recommend you fire up the Windows Feedback app. ", "With Windows 10, Microsoft asked for an unprecedented level of feedback. The Windows Insider program not only provided keen users with access to preview builds of the operating system, but also gave a direct line to Microsoft to point out problems, make suggestions, request features, and so on. ", "How to Send Feedback to Microsoft in the Windows 10 Technical Preview. Microsoft wants your feedback about Windows 10 — really, they need it. This is the most important feature in the Windows 10 Technical Preview — not a Start menu, virtual desktops, or windowed “universal apps.”. This is the real reason to use the Windows 10 Technical Preview. Microsoft needs this feedback to make Windows 10 a product people like and want to use — with Windows 8, they demonstrated they couldn’t make a compelling product while ignoring feedback. Windows 10 is looking so great because it’s a product of listening to the criticisms of Windows 8", "Make the user feel like they are IN CONTROL. Make me want to LOVE to use it-not research how to use every element. There is clear feedback users hate to use Windows 8. You do this and you have a WIN. This is what Microsoft is guys-ya'll can do it. I love Microsoft because of your open nature unlike Apple. Make me WANT to buy your product. Take out all these unintuitive and frustrating roadblocks you've put into Windows 8. " ], "url": [ "http://www.pcworld.com/article/2935732/heres-how-user-feedback-is-shaping-windows-10.html", "http://www.howtogeek.com/197604/how-to-send-feedback-to-microsoft-in-the-windows-10-technical-preview/", "http://www.thewindowsclub.com/use-feedback-app-windows-10", "http://www.windowscentral.com/all-windows-10-users-can-use-windows-feedback-app-windows-insiders-get-extra-features", "http://www.winbeta.org/news/heres-how-you-can-provide-feedback-windows-10-part-insider-program", "http://betanews.com/2015/08/15/microsoft-stands-accused-of-deleting-windows-10-insider-feedback-it-doesnt-like/", "http://www.howtogeek.com/197604/how-to-send-feedback-to-microsoft-in-the-windows-10-technical-preview/", "http://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/forum/windows_8-performance/windows-8-feedback/32ff2952-7570-48e6-a861-1d22176f2f25" ] }

[ "The new build of Windows 10 – build number 10525 – has a new app called Feedback app. It can be used to send feedback to the team working on Windows 10. It can also be used to report problems to the Windows 10 team. In addition, you can view what are other users posting as feature requests. As said earlier, you can use the Windows 10 Feedback App to see what are other users requesting as features, complaints by other users on particular problems, and to add and send your own feedback, suggestion or complaint to the Windows 10 team." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Buy Winstrol or Finding Winstrol For Sale. Winstrol (also referred to informally as ‘Winny’) is the trade name for the anabolic steroid Stanozolol, which happens to be number three in the rankings for the most popular and most widely used anabolic steroids. ", "Price per Unit: 40 USD. Buy Winstrol Tabs (Stanozolol) to increase muscular mass and strength. Online anabolic pharmacy offers Winstrol Tabs for sale at affordable prices with fast and secure delivery procedure. Manufactured by Dragon Pharma the product comes in 40 USD and is always available in stock. Buy Winstrol Tabs at cheapest available prices.", "Stanozolol is not the most expensive anabolic steroid, but it is also not the cheapest. You can expect an average price per dosage of around $1 to $3 depending on how many pills you take per day. Most people will find that three bottles is enough to run a very effective cycle. Those athletes that look for Stanozolol for sale online find that a small dosage is all they need. There are many men that do not need more than 50 mg of Stanozolol every other day, and then you get those that are fine with a lower dosage of just 25 mg. As for women, the recommended dosage is 10mg every other day.", "Most of the Winstrol tablets are recommended as the dose of 50mg (for men) and 10mg (for women). It is also taken in the form of injection. Both the methods act in the same way when they are in your body. The price will be different depending on whether you buy a 50 mg pill or a 10 mg pill. Generally, you will pay between $50 – $150 for a legitimate supply of 50 mg pills that should last you up to a 6 week cycle. This is the usual duration that you will take Winstrol for", "Originally posted by BigPete The goin price around my area for tt winstrol V 100mg/ml 20ml bottle is $290! It's pretty steep but it's the goin price what can you do. I paid $170 for that... ...don't ask me where because I forgot. I paid 300 for anaboic st winny at the beggining of this year. 50mg 20ml Now that i think of it, i paid top dollar quite a bit back then. I use ** tabs too.", "1 A syringe type steroid can cost $60 while the Sciroxx steroid costs between $100 and $150. 2 HCG and Clomid cost around $50 to $85 while Antiestrogens cost between $50 and $150. 3 Steroids.com has provided a price guide for different types of steroids in underground and human grade forms. 1 The steroids sold at Anabolic-Muscle.com, for example, come in different types and prices. 2 A syringe type steroid can cost $60 while the Sciroxx steroid costs between $100 and $150. 3 HCG and Clomid cost around $50 to $85 while Antiestrogens cost between $50 and $150", "Originally posted by BigPete The goin price around my area for tt winstrol V 100mg/ml 20ml bottle is $290! It's pretty steep but it's the goin price what can you do. yeah my guy wants 300 for the same bottle,like you said,what can you do....but ive known my guy for quite some time so i might be able to work on him.... I paid 300 for anaboic st winny at the beggining of this year. 50mg 20ml Now that i think of it, i paid top dollar quite a bit back then. I use ** tabs too.", "Oral Winstrol Price. Let’s first consider the cost of oral forms of Winstrol pills since these tend to be more widely available from online steroid vendors. Winstrol tablets are the generally used structure of anabolic steroids in market. The first reason is that it is very easy to consume. Both the methods act in the same way when they are in your body. The price will be different depending on whether you buy a 50 mg pill or a 10 mg pill. Generally, you will pay between $50 – $150 for a legitimate supply of 50 mg pills that should last you up to a 6 week cycle.", "1 HCG and Clomid cost around $50 to $85 while Antiestrogens cost between $50 and $150. 2 Steroids.com has provided a price guide for different types of steroids in underground and human grade forms. 1 The steroids sold at Anabolic-Muscle.com, for example, come in different types and prices. 2 A syringe type steroid can cost $60 while the Sciroxx steroid costs between $100 and $150. 3 HCG and Clomid cost around $50 to $85 while Antiestrogens cost between $50 and $150" ], "url": [ "https://www.steroidsforsale.com/buy-steroids/buy-winstrol/", "http://www.anabolic-steroids.biz/dragon-pharma-1315/buy-winstrol-tabs-26275.html", "http://winstrolresults.com/stanozolol-for-sale/", "http://winstrolresults.com/winstrol-price/", "http://forums.steroid.com/anabolic-steroids-questions-answers/20055-price-you-pay-winstrol.html", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/how-much-do-steroids-cost/", "http://forums.steroid.com/anabolic-steroids-questions-answers/20055-price-you-pay-winstrol.html", "http://winstrolresults.com/winstrol-price/", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/how-much-do-steroids-cost/" ] }

[ "Stanozolol is not the most expensive anabolic steroid, but it is also not the cheapest. You can expect an average price per dosage of around $1 to $3 depending on how many pills you take per day. Most people will find that three bottles is enough to run a very effective cycle. Those athletes that look for Stanozolol for sale online find that a small dosage is all they need. There are many men that do not need more than 50 mg of Stanozolol every other day, and then you get those that are fine with a lower dosage of just 25 mg. As for women, the recommended dosage is 10mg every other day." ]