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{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "The disease gained notoriety with a 1973 book by neurologist Dr. Oliver Sacks which later became the 1990 film Awakenings starring Robin Williams as Dr. Sacks and Robert DeNiro as a patient who briefly came back to life after treatment with the drug L-dopa. Documentary investigation of the science behind the mysterious epidemic of the disease known as encephalitis lethargica, an inflammation of the brain that left many victims in a trance-like state for decades. The disease gained notoriety with a 1973 book by neurologist Dr. Oliver Sacks which later b.", "In Awakenings, Robin Williams plays a shy, woolly, plant-loving neurologist named Dr. Malcolm Sayer—a fictionalized version of Dr. Oliver Sacks, the shy, woolly, plant-loving neurologist who lived through the astonishing, and heartbreaking, medical drama that is the basis for the acclaimed hit movie. In 1969, Sacks began to give his patients the drug L-dopa (short for laevodihydroxy-phenylalanine), touted at the time as a miracle treatment for Parkinson's disease. The results were indeed miraculous, and almost instantaneous, as previously unreachable patients began talking and walking again.", "Synopsis. Based on a true story as related by neurologist Oliver Sacks, Awakenings stars Robin Williams as the Sacks counterpart, here named Dr. Malcolm Sayer. Something of a klutz and naif, Dr. Sayer takes a job at a Bronx psychiatric hospital in 1969. ", "Awakenings is the most emotionally moving film I have ever seen. It delves deeply into one of the worst human fears, losing the ability to move and function, but it's never forced or manipulative, and there's no heavy-handed message or moral. It's just a fascinating story that's beautifully told. This is a stunningly beautiful and profoundly moving journey, and, amazingly, based on a true story. I never tire of watching this movie; it was one of my all-time favorites. DeNiro's performance totally blows me away every time.", "Claim: The Amityville Horror is based on a true story. Origins: Some horrors just won't die, and The Amityville Horror is a case in point. The tale of a reportedly demon-infested house in Amityville, New York, became a best-selling novel in 1977 and a hit horror film starring James Brolin and Margot Kidder in 1979. ", "Based on the 1973 book by psychiatrist Oliver Sacks, this inspirational drama, which is set in 1969, is about a gifted but pathologically shy neurologist, Malcolm Sayer (Robin Williams), who gets a job looking after patients at Bainbridge Hospital, a chronic-care facility for people with profound neurological disorders. ", "The Awakening (2011 film). From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The Awakening is a 2011 British horror film directed and co-written by Nick Murphy, starring Rebecca Hall, Dominic West, Isaac Hempstead-Wright and Imelda Staunton. 1 1 Plot. The Awakening is a 2011 British horror film directed and co-written by Nick Murphy, starring Rebecca Hall, Dominic West, Isaac Hempstead-Wright and Imelda Staunton. Contents.", "Synopsis by Hal Erickson. Based on a true story as related by neurologist Oliver Sacks, Awakenings stars Robin Williams as the Sacks counterpart, here named Dr. Malcolm Sayer. ", "Awakenings is a 1990 American drama film based on Oliver Sacks ' 1973 memoir of the same title. It tells the true story of British neurologist Oliver Sacks, fictionalized as American Malcolm Sayer (portrayed by Robin Williams), who, in 1969, discovered beneficial effects of the drug L-Dopa. He administered it to catatonic patients who survived the 1917–28 epidemic of encephalitis lethargica. Awakenings opened in limited release on December 22, 1990 with an opening weekend gross of $417,076. The film then expanded to a wide release on January 11, 1991, opening in second place behind Home Alone ‍ '​s ninth weekend, with $8,306,532." ], "url": [ "http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/457211/Awakenings-The-Real-Story/", "http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20114432,00.html", "http://www.movies.com/awakenings/m12802", "http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0099077/reviews", "http://www.snopes.com/horrors/ghosts/amityville.asp", "http://www.ew.com/article/1990/12/21/awakenings", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Awakening_(2011_film)", "http://www.allmovie.com/movie/awakenings-v3464", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awakenings" ] }

[ "Awakenings is a 1990 American drama film based on Oliver Sacks ' 1973 memoir of the same title. It tells the true story of British neurologist Oliver Sacks, fictionalized as American Malcolm Sayer (portrayed by Robin Williams), who, in 1969, discovered beneficial effects of the drug L-Dopa. He administered it to catatonic patients who survived the 1917–28 epidemic of encephalitis lethargica. Awakenings opened in limited release on December 22, 1990 with an opening weekend gross of $417,076. The film then expanded to a wide release on January 11, 1991, opening in second place behind Home Alone ‍ '​s ninth weekend, with $8,306,532." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1. Lemons are alkalizing for the body: Lemons are acidic to begin with but they are alkaline forming on body fluids helping to restore balance to the body’s pH. 2. Lemons are rich in vitamin C and flavonoids that work against infections like colds and flues. In fact they are one of the most alkaline forming foods; this makes them great for balancing a highly acidic condition in the body. Lemons are a favorite all over the world and an essential food in kitchens around the world. Learn how to use them properly in our Spring Cleanse.", "Lemons are most certainly alkalizing to the body. This is a common misconception as drinking lemon water in the morning is one of the most alkalizing things you can do to start the day. It's a cheap, easy, and highly refreshing way to make alkaline water! ", "Lemons are acidic to the taste, but are alkaline forming in the body. In fact they are one of the most alkaline forming foods; this makes them great for balancing a highly acidic condition in the body. Lemons are a favorite all over the world and an essential food in kitchens around the world. Learn how to use them properly in our Spring Cleanse.", "16 Health Benefits of Lemons: 1. Lemons are alkalizing for the body: Lemons are acidic to begin with but they are alkaline forming on body fluids helping to restore balance to the body’s pH. 2. Lemons are rich in vitamin C and flavonoids that work against infections like colds and flues. 3. In fact they are one of the most alkaline forming foods; this makes them great for balancing a highly acidic condition in the body. Lemons are a favorite all over the world and an essential food in kitchens around the world. Learn how to use them properly in our Spring Cleanse.", "This is a non-issue. Everyone knows this. It’s a citrus fruit. Inside the body however, when lemon juice has been fully metabolized and its minerals are dissociated in the bloodstream, its effect is alkalizing and therefore raises the pH of body tissue (pH above 7 is alkaline). Please notice the difference. Simply put, outside the body lemon juice is acidic; inside the body after its minerals dissociate, its effect is alkalizing. So in fact, lemon juice is both acidic and", "I have GERD and I was told to drink alkaline water. I have also read that, as you said, lemons are alkaline once digested. The problem is I cannot tolerate it. After a few hours of taking in lemon juice or water, I have acid regurgitation. The 17 Benefits of Drinking Lemon Water. Fresh lemon (note, don’t use bottled) is a rich source of nutrients such as the alkaline minerals calcium and potassium, vitamin C, vitamin A and pectin fibre, whilst also having antibacterial properties.", "While water has a pH of 7, lemons are acidic, measuring at 2 to 3. The popular belief that lemons become alkaline during digestion isn't upheld by science. Under no circumstances can an acidic food alkalize your blood, said Kat Day, a chemist and science blogger in Oxfordshire, England. Because foods are not known to alter the pH of your blood or body, lemons won't acidify you either. Drinking lemon juice with water may increase the acid level of your urine, however, which is a sign that your kidneys are doing their job -- ridding you of excess acid.", "The miraculous work of highly alkaline foods, including the sour tasting acidic nature of lemon, can restore acid to its normal level. Since it leaves alkaline ash after being digested, it causes the blood cells to function well. Alkaline ash is found in lemon as the result of digestion. It has the ability to flush out accumulated body toxins. Moreover, the alkaline property of this fruit becomes effective aid for rheumatic condition as the result of acidity. ", "This is because lemon acids, such as citric acid, are weak acid and the lemon's overall nutrients are alkaline. The End Product of Metabolism, otherwise known as Ash and its effects on the body make it alkalising. Foods such as orange juice and lemon juice are acidic in their natural state but turn alkaline after they have been metabolised in the body. So for dietetic purposes they are usually considered to be alkaline forming foods despite being acidic prior to consumption.", "While water with lemon juice may alter the pH of your urine, it won't likely influence the overall acidity of your body. Learning more about the tangy beverage and your body's pH system may inspire you to make wise dietary decisions. Because foods are not known to alter the pH of your blood or body, lemons won't acidify you either. Drinking lemon juice with water may increase the acid level of your urine, however, which is a sign that your kidneys are doing their job -- ridding you of excess acid." ], "url": [ "http://www.realfoodforlife.com/16-health-benefits-of-lemons-the-alkaline-powerfood/", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WndFDIa6a0s", "http://www.realfoodforlife.com/16-health-benefits-of-lemons-the-alkaline-powerfood/", "http://www.realfoodforlife.com/16-health-benefits-of-lemons-the-alkaline-powerfood/", "http://www.vitalitylink.com/article-holistic-health-2055-lemon-juice-acidic-alkaline-body-water", "http://liveenergized.com/alkaline-diet-resources/lemon-water-alkalising-superstar/", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/498141-can-adding-lemon-juice-water-make-water-alkaline/", "http://thealkalinefoods.com/alkaline-foods/lemon", "http://www.zazenessentialwater.com.au/_blog/zazen_blog/post/How_is_lemon_juice_alkaline_forming/", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/498141-can-adding-lemon-juice-water-make-water-alkaline/" ] }

[ "1. Lemons are alkalizing for the body: Lemons are acidic to begin with but they are alkaline forming on body fluids helping to restore balance to the body’s pH. 2. Lemons are rich in vitamin C and flavonoids that work against infections like colds and flues. In fact they are one of the most alkaline forming foods; this makes them great for balancing a highly acidic condition in the body. Lemons are a favorite all over the world and an essential food in kitchens around the world. Learn how to use them properly in our Spring Cleanse." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "If you have dollars, you can convert them to Zloty at your hotel, at a Kantor or at a bank. A Kantor is a licensed money exchange. Kantors can be found at the airports, train stations and in high population areas.", "The country of Poland is a member of the European Union whose members for the most part use the Euro. But Poland has not yet adopted the Euro and still uses the Zloty. In spite of the Zloty being the basic currency, Polish businesses that cater to the tourist trade generally will accept US Dollars and Euro. There are some things that you should consider, however, before you bring US Dollars into Poland.", "How to convert your money in Poland. Exhange from Dollars, Euro and all other curriencies. How to work with the Polish zloty and how to exchange your money to and from the Polish zloty is something that everyone who comes to Poland should fully understand.", "1 The banknotes displayed above are legal tender in Poland. 2 You can exchange these Polish Zloty banknotes at your bank or in a bureaux de change-currency exchange office. 3 You can also exchange them using our online leftover currency exchange service, free of charge.", "Convert your left over Polish Zloty currency to Pounds, Euros or Dollars: It s quick and easy to exchange your unused travel money from Poland. Cash in on your leftover Polish Zloties: We exchange all banknotes displayed below, free of charge.", "Rating Newest Oldest. Best Answer: The currency in Poland is the Zloty, although many places will accept Euros, and US dollars. Credit cards are widely accepted in almost all shops, restaurants and hotels, although you should check before making payment." ], "url": [ "http://www.masterpage.com.pl/polish_money/dollars-poland.html", "http://www.masterpage.com.pl/polish_money/dollars-poland.html", "http://www.masterpage.com.pl/exchange-money-poland/", "http://www.leftovercurrency.com/banknotes/poland/polish-zloty.php", "http://www.leftovercurrency.com/banknotes/poland/polish-zloty.php", "https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20071129001404AADeff9" ] }

[ "Rating Newest Oldest. Best Answer: The currency in Poland is the Zloty, although many places will accept Euros, and US dollars. Credit cards are widely accepted in almost all shops, restaurants and hotels, although you should check before making payment." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "All dried joint compound shall be flat, smooth and free of tool marks and ridges. Note that surface texturing or skim coating is NOT included in this estimate. For a basic 500 square feet project in zip code 47474, the benchmark cost to Install Drywall ranges between $1.43 - $1.76 per square foot* . To estimate costs for your project: 1. Set Project Zip Code Enter the Zip Code for the location where labor is hired and materials purchased.", "1 Generally, customers can expect to pay $25 ($12.50 to hang and $12.50 to finish) to $60 a sheet (which covers more complex projects, such as those involving high elevation). 2 With the cost-per-square-foot method, drywall installation and completion jobs can cost about $30 a sheet. 1 If the materials are already provided, the costs can be as little as $0.40 to $0.80 per square foot. 2 Some contractors may charge by the sheet while others charge on a square footage basis. 3 If they do charge by the sheet, it can cost around $20 to $55 per sheet to hang. 4 This will include the finishing.", "1 With the cost-per-square-foot method, drywall installation and completion jobs can cost about $30 a sheet. 2 The more sheets are installed, the higher the chances that the drywall installer considers more affordable labor prices. 3 Smaller drywall projects can cost $45 to $65 a sheet. 1 If the materials are already provided, the costs can be as little as $0.40 to $0.80 per square foot. 2 Some contractors may charge by the sheet while others charge on a square footage basis. 3 If they do charge by the sheet, it can cost around $20 to $55 per sheet to hang. 4 This will include the finishing.", "Every remodeling project associated with small drywall repair priced base on work complexity, time spent, and hourly rate of a drywall installer. Average cost of a new drywall to get installed will vary from $41.5 to $60.0 per 4'x8'x5/8 sheet including labor and materials or from $1.30 to $1.88 per square foot. Complication of work is a main factor of establishing the total cost to install a drywall. Custom work on a multilevel ceiling, hanging and finishing drywall on arches, or other supplementary house design details will increase the cost of installation up to 100% or even more.", "Jose, for a typical drywall installation job, you might pay around $25-$30 per sheet, or $0.75-$0.90 per square foot, for the labor, which should include hanging, taping and finishing the drywall. You should also let the contractors know that you have already purchased the drywall for your project. Keep in mind, you might have to pay a higher labor cost if the stack of drywall needs to be moved by hand from one location in your home to another.", "1 General contractor overhead and markup for organizing and supervising the Ceiling Drywall Installation. 2 Add 15% to 23% to the total cost above if a general contractor will supervise this project. 3 Sales tax on materials and supplies. For a basic 500 square feet project in zip code 47474, the benchmark cost to Install Ceiling Drywall ranges between $1.57 - $1.94 per square foot* . To estimate costs for your project: 1. Set Project Zip Code Enter the Zip Code for the location where labor is hired and materials purchased. 2.", "When it comes to drywall, all projects fall under the ceiling or wall category. According to our ceiling installation cost estimator, the average price to install a ceiling is $1,279. Homeowners should expect to pay more for a drywall ceiling compared to a drop ceiling. The average price to repair drywall is $550. The extent of the damage will play a key role in the price and timeframe. A handyman can usually complete minor drywall damage, but larger holes may require a trained drywall contractor who will cost a little bit more.", "1 Drywall materials (drywall sheets plus screws or nails, joint compound, tape, etc.) average 25 cents - 65 cents a square foot; professional installation is an additional 85 cents -$1.50 per square foot. 1 Do-It-Yourselfers can bring the costs down to $150-$250 for a 12x12 room and $1,000-$3,000 for a small house, but hanging drywall requires a lot of heavy lifting by at least two people, and getting a good finish on drywall requires a lot of patience and practice.", "Most contractors include overhead in this estimate, as well as the cost of storing the materials, delivering to the site, paying the workers for the installation, and cleaning up the job. The cost of labor for drywall is typically broken down by square foot, and this number varies by location. As of the time of this article, in the Bay area, drywall labor can cost as much as $1.30 per square foot, especially when choosing a licensed and bonded contractor. ", "1 General contractor overhead and markup for organizing and supervising the Drywall Installation. 2 Add 15% to 23% to the total cost above if a general contractor will supervise this project. For a basic 500 square feet project in zip code 47474, the benchmark cost to Install Drywall ranges between $1.43 - $1.76 per square foot* . To estimate costs for your project: 1. Set Project Zip Code Enter the Zip Code for the location where labor is hired and materials purchased." ], "url": [ "http://homewyse.com/services/cost_to_install_drywall.html", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/drywall-contractor-cost/", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/drywall-contractor-cost/", "http://www.rempros.com/installation-prices/cost_to_install_drywall.html", "http://www.reliableremodeler.com/ask/average-cost-drywall-project/", "http://www.homewyse.com/services/cost_to_install_ceiling_drywall.html", "http://www.improvenet.com/a/how-much-does-drywall-cost", "http://home.costhelper.com/drywall.html", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/estimate-drywall-labor-costs-39395.html", "http://homewyse.com/services/cost_to_install_drywall.html" ] }

[ "Jose, for a typical drywall installation job, you might pay around $25-$30 per sheet, or $0.75-$0.90 per square foot, for the labor, which should include hanging, taping and finishing the drywall. You should also let the contractors know that you have already purchased the drywall for your project. Keep in mind, you might have to pay a higher labor cost if the stack of drywall needs to be moved by hand from one location in your home to another." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "'It was sex': Indicted former House Speaker Hastert paid to conceal sexual misconduct, source says. J. Dennis Hastert stumbled into political power amid a Republican sex scandal in 1998 that unexpectedly elevated the husky Illinoisan to a position just two heartbeats away from the presidency. He became the longest-serving Republican House speaker in U.S. history, but remained so proud of his... Nation", "Joe and Hill. Former House Speaker Dennis Hastert was indicted Thursday for allegedly structuring cash bank withdrawals of funds he used to “conceal his prior misconduct” against an unnamed individual and for lying to the FBI about the arrangement. Former Speaker Dennis Hastert indicted. He allegedly structured bank withdrawals of funds he used to “conceal his prior misconduct” against an unnamed individual, and lied to the FBI about it. Former Speaker of the House Dennis Hastert. 1 Shares. 2 Facebook. 3 Twitter. 4 Google 5 +. Email", "Hastert grew up in rural Illinois, and graduated from Wheaton College with a degree in economics in 1964, obtaining an education degree from Northern Illinois University three years later. From 1965 to 1981, Hastert was a high school teacher and coach. He lost a 1980 bid for the Illinois House of Representatives, but tried again and won a seat in 1981. He was first elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1987, and reelected several times thereafter. In June 2015, public accusations — but not legal charges — emerged that Hastert had sexually abused three students (including the aforementioned unnamed individual) when he was a teacher more than three decades earlier. In 2006, Hastert denied one such accusation, though there was no press coverage at the time.", "Dennis Hastert, top right, and Steve Reinboldt, bottom right, shown in the 1970 Yorkville High School yearbook wrestling team photo. Jolene said that Steve told her the abuse lasted throughout Steve’s four years of high school as he served as team student manager. “Mr. Dennis Hastert's note to Steve Reinboldt in Reinboldt's 1970 high school yearbook. Jolene never asked for money from Hastert, but his sister believes that “Individual A” is familiar with what happened with her brother.", "This is as good as it's going to get from him.. Former House Speaker Dennis Hastert arrives at the federal courthouse on June 9, 2015, in Chicago for his arraignment on federal charges that he broke federal banking laws and lied about the money when questioned by the FBI. Charles Rex Arbogast / AP. 2:27. Copy this code to your website or blog. Former House Speaker Dennis Hastert plans to plead guilty in his hush-money case to resolve charges he lied to the FBI about bank withdrawals — money allegedly used as payoffs to keep sexual misconduct accusations under wraps.", "Email. In Steve Reinboldt’s 1970 high school yearbook, wrestling coach Dennis Hastert wrote that Steve was his “great, right hand man” as the student equipment manager of the Yorkville, Illinois wrestling team. Dennis Hastert's note to Steve Reinboldt in Reinboldt's 1970 high school yearbook. Jolene never asked for money from Hastert, but his sister believes that “Individual A” is familiar with what happened with her brother.", "Former House Speaker Dennis Hastert arrives at the federal courthouse on June 9, 2015, in Chicago for his arraignment on federal charges that he broke federal banking laws and lied about the money when questioned by the FBI. 2:27. Copy this code to your website or blog. Former House Speaker Dennis Hastert plans to plead guilty in his hush-money case to resolve charges he lied to the FBI about bank withdrawals — money allegedly used as payoffs to keep sexual misconduct accusations under wraps.", "Time to make a full circle and go back to the case of Dennis Hastert. Dennis Hastert, who became the Speaker of the House after Bob Livingston’s resignation. I have to say that of all the FBI’s new COINTELPRO targets he, Dennis Hastert, had the thickest file." ], "url": [ "http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-hastert-misconduct-20150529-story.html", "http://www.politico.com/story/2015/05/former-speaker-dennis-hastert-indicted-in-payment-scheme-118387", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Hastert", "http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/exclusive-alleged-dennis-hastert-sex-abuse-victim-named/story?id=31530828", "http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/ex-house-speaker-dennis-hastert-strikes-deal-hush-money-case-n445111", "http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/exclusive-alleged-dennis-hastert-sex-abuse-victim-named/story?id=31530828", "http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/ex-house-speaker-dennis-hastert-strikes-deal-hush-money-case-n445111", "http://www.boilingfrogspost.com/2015/09/20/dennis-hastert-case-clinton-scandals-fbi-the-1996-cointelpro-directive/" ] }

[ "This is as good as it's going to get from him.. Former House Speaker Dennis Hastert arrives at the federal courthouse on June 9, 2015, in Chicago for his arraignment on federal charges that he broke federal banking laws and lied about the money when questioned by the FBI. Charles Rex Arbogast / AP. 2:27. Copy this code to your website or blog. Former House Speaker Dennis Hastert plans to plead guilty in his hush-money case to resolve charges he lied to the FBI about bank withdrawals — money allegedly used as payoffs to keep sexual misconduct accusations under wraps." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Beef. Beef in particular freezes well and will last quite a while without sacrificing flavor. Just how long it can be frozen depends on the individual cut and size of the beef. For example, roasts last the longest, up to 12 months when properly wrapped. Optimally, they should be used within six months. Stew and variety cuts are next on the list, lasting around 3 or 4 months", "Beef may be cooked frozen or defrosted. Defrosted beef should be cooked as a fresh cut; but allow additional cooking time. Frozen roasts require 1/3 to 1/2 more time for cooking. Cooking time for frozen steaks and patties varies according to surface area, thickness, and broiling temperature.", "The vinegar will actually tenderize and take the freezer smell out. The meat should still be good. A good rule of thumb is on chicken and turkey or store bought cook within 2 months because they already keep it too long. I have had chicken in the freezer for over a year and it not even show any freezer burn. ", "From a bacteriological standpoint, the meat would be safe for as long as it remains frozen-if it was safe when it was frozen and isn't otherwise contaminated while in … the freezer. But it won't necessarily be palatable. Chemical changes occur within the meat even while frozen and adversely affect flavor. Depending upon the packaging and the freezer, the meat could be acceptable anywhere from 4 months to 12 months.", "Wrap meat in double cellophane tightly with no air, then wrap in freezer paper tightly and tape up good with no air leaks. If wrapped properly and never allowed to thaw and kept as close to zero meat should be safe to eat for many years. I eat two year old beef, elk and deer all the time. The safest way to defrost frozen meat is in the fridge, the microwave or a bowl of cold water. A rule of thumb for defrosting frozen meat in the fridge is to allow one day for every five pounds (2.27 kilograms). Defrosted meat is safe to refreeze as long as it was thawed in the refrigerator. If there is a power outage, frozen meat should remain safe for approximately two days in a closed, full freezer and one day in a half-full, closed freezer", "And with the use of a zip-seal bag and a permanent marker, you can avoid wasting your good food. Before you put meat in the freezer, you should always write the date on it -- that way you don't have to question how long it's been frozen. And, believe it or not, some meats can last in the freezer for up to one year. 1 Cooked poultry -- 4 months. 2 Uncooked poultry parts -- 9 months. 3 Uncooked whole poultry -- 12 months", "How should they be reheated? If ground beef is refrigerated promptly after cooking (within 2 hours; 1 hour if the temperature is above 90 °F), it can be safely refrigerated for about 3 or 4 days. If frozen, it should keep its quality for about 4 months. ", "1 How long does ground beef last in the fridge once it is cooked? 2 Cooked ground beef will usually stay good for 3 to 4 days in the fridge and 3 months in the freezer. 1 Ground beef that has been defrosted in the fridge can be kept for an additional 1 to 2 days in the refrigerator before cooking; ground beef that was thawed in the microwave or in cold water should be cooked immediately.", "1 After ground beef is purchased, it may be refrigerated for 1 to 2 days — the sell-by date on the package may expire during that storage period, but the ground beef will remain safe to use after the sell by date if it has been properly stored. 1 Ground beef that has been defrosted in the fridge can be kept for an additional 1 to 2 days in the refrigerator before cooking; ground beef that was thawed in the microwave or in cold water should be cooked immediately." ], "url": [ "http://thehousingforum.com/how-long-does-meat-last-in-the-freezer/", "http://www.askthemeatman.com/beef_freezer_chart_and_freezing_info.htm", "http://www.thriftyfun.com/tf28282742.tip.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_will_frozen_beef_keep_and_still_be_tasty_and_safe_to_eat_when_defrosted", "http://www.wisegeek.org/how-long-will-frozen-meat-stay-fresh.htm", "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/20/freezing-meat_n_1367941.html", "http://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/food-safety-education/get-answers/food-safety-fact-sheets/meat-preparation/ground-beef-and-food-safety/ct_index", "http://www.stilltasty.com/fooditems/index/16508", "http://www.stilltasty.com/fooditems/index/16508" ] }

[ "And with the use of a zip-seal bag and a permanent marker, you can avoid wasting your good food. Before you put meat in the freezer, you should always write the date on it -- that way you don't have to question how long it's been frozen. And, believe it or not, some meats can last in the freezer for up to one year. 1 Cooked poultry -- 4 months. 2 Uncooked poultry parts -- 9 months. 3 Uncooked whole poultry -- 12 months" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "it depends on the type of blood test for fasting sugar tests it can have an affect fasting longer than 12 to 14 hours will cause your body to start utilizing glycogen th at is primarily stored in your muscles and that can affect blood tests", "it depends on the type of blood test for fasting sugar tests it can have an affect fasting longer than 12 to 14 hours will cause your body to start utilizing glycogen th at is primarily stored in your muscles and that can affect blood tests", "one step 2 hour oral glucose tolerance test ogtt after a fasting glucose level is measured a woman is given a 75 gram dose of glucose to drink and her glucose levels are measured at 1 hour and 2 hours after the dose only one of the values needs to be above a cutoff value for diagnosis", "fasting before a blood test is typically required for fasting glucose fasting lipid panel fasting metabolic panel fasting cholesterol hdl or triglyceride tests these tests look for cholesterol and glucose levels in your blood and any food consumed before the test will provide an inaccurate reading", "the starving time varies in accordance to the specific approach for which the blood work is being performed in general the fasting period for blood test is 8 hours and the maximum duration does not exceed 12 hours during the starving time a candidate can drink water to reduce hunger pangs also according to the main approach for blood test certain beverages and current medications are allowed during fasting", "your doctor may recommend a certain time period for fasting however the standard amount of time is about eight to 12 hours of no food before having blood drawn schedule your blood test for early in the morning so you only need to fast overnight to meet requirements fast for eight hours before a glucose test the test is typically conducted in the morning while your body is still in a resting place for a more accurate reading you must fast at least 12 hours before taking a cholesterol blood test to get an accurate reading on triglycerides", "fast for eight hours before a glucose test the test is typically conducted in the morning while your body is still in a resting place for a more accurate reading you must fast at least 12 hours before taking a cholesterol blood test to get an accurate reading on triglycerides" ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_do_you_fast_for_a_fasting_blood_test", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_do_you_fast_for_a_fasting_glucose_blood_test", "https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/glucose/tab/test", "http://www.ehow.co.uk/way_5332776_long-fast-before-blood-test.html", "http://www.buzzle.com/articles/how-long-to-fast-before-a-blood-test.html", "http://www.ehow.co.uk/way_5332776_long-fast-before-blood-test.html", "http://www.ehow.com/way_5332776_long-fast-before-blood-test.html" ] }

[ "the starving time varies in accordance to the specific approach for which the blood work is being performed in general the fasting period for blood test is 8 hours and the maximum duration does not exceed 12 hours during the starving time a candidate can drink water to reduce hunger pangs also according to the main approach for blood test certain beverages and current medications are allowed during fasting" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "General Requirements for Medicaid Eligibility in Texas. (These requirements can be found in the Texas Health and Human Services Medicaid Eligibility Handbook). In order to qualify for Medicaid ICP Benefits in Texas, the individual must meet the following criteria: 1 65 years of age or blind or disabled.", "The financial eligibility requirements for Medicaid in Texas are based on federal poverty guidelines. Individuals meet the financial eligibility requirements if their modified adjusted gross income is less than a certain percentage of the federal poverty level.", "This page provides general guidelines for the Texas Medicaid eligibility requirements. This is an assistance program that provides medical coverage for low-income people of all ages. The department that handles the Medicaid program is Texas Health and Human Services Commission.", "To be able to get Texas's Medicaid program to pay for long-term care in 2014, a single person’s monthly income cannot be higher than $2,163. If both spouses of a married couple need nursing home care, the couple’s monthly income cannot be higher than $4,326. The income and asset limits change every year.", "Medicaid is a joint federal and state program. The Texas Medicaid program is a unique combination of federally-mandated minimum coverage and state-determined optional coverage that help pay for medical care and supportive services for eligible individuals based on income and resources.", "Texas Medicaid Overview. The Medicaid program is a federal and state funded program that serves needy individuals and families who meet income and other eligibility requirements and who lack adequate resources to pay for medical care.", "The state plan is the officially recognized document describing the nature and scope of the State of Texas Medicaid program. As required under Section 1902 of the Social Security Act, the plan was developed by the state and approved by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.", "Eligibility. The State of Texas determines eligibility for this plan. In general terms, eligibility is limited to those who are unable to pay for medically necessary services and who meet certain eligibility requirements. If you lose your Medicaid eligibility you cannot receive care or services under STAR." ], "url": [ "http://www.txmir.com/medicaid_eligibilty_requirements.html", "http://www.ehow.com/info_7754576_texas-medicaid-eligibility-requirements.html", "http://www.medicaidoffice.net/texas-medicaid-eligibility-me44", "http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/when-medicaid-texas-will-pay-nursing-home-assisted-living-home-health-care.html", "http://www.elderoptionsoftexas.com/texas-medicaid-eligibility-requirements.htm", "http://www.medicaidoffice.net/texas-medicaid-eligibility-me44", "http://www.hhsc.state.tx.us/medicaid/about/state-plan/", "http://www.uhccommunityplan.com/tx/medicaid/star/eligibility.html" ] }

[ "Eligibility. The State of Texas determines eligibility for this plan. In general terms, eligibility is limited to those who are unable to pay for medically necessary services and who meet certain eligibility requirements. If you lose your Medicaid eligibility you cannot receive care or services under STAR." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Prefixes are key morphemes in English vocabulary that begin words. The origin of the prefix anti-and its variant ant-is an ancient Greek word which meant “against” or “opposite.” These prefixes appear in numerous English vocabulary words, such as anti freeze, anti dote, ant onym, and ant acid.", "A prefix is placed at the beginning of a word to modify or change its meaning. This is a list of the most common prefixes in English, together with their basic meaning and some examples. You can find more detail or precision for each prefix in any good dictionary.", "2. Combining form meaning an antibody (immunoglobulin) specific for the thing indicated (e.g., antitoxin, as in antibody specific for a toxin). [G. anti, against, opposite, instead of]. Do not confuse this prefix with ante-.", "Anti-: Prefix generally meaning against, opposite or opposing, and contrary.. In medicine, anti-often connotes counteracting or effective against as in antibacterial, anti-infective, and antiviral. Sometimes medical terms containing anti-take on new meanings as has occurred with antibiotic and antibody.", "Answer by Boorens. Confidence votes 63. The prefix a means not or against. No the prefix a does not meant against....the prefix for against or opposing to is contra The prefix a just means, without, lacking or not.", "An easy way to remember that the prefix anti-means “opposite” or “against” is through the word anti social, for an anti social person is the “opposite” of being social, or is “against” being so in her everyday conduct." ], "url": [ "http://membean.com/wrotds/anti-opposite", "https://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/prefixes.htm", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/anti-", "http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=25282", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_does_the_prefix_a_mean", "http://membean.com/wrotds/anti-opposite" ] }

[ "Anti-: Prefix generally meaning against, opposite or opposing, and contrary.. In medicine, anti-often connotes counteracting or effective against as in antibacterial, anti-infective, and antiviral. Sometimes medical terms containing anti-take on new meanings as has occurred with antibiotic and antibody." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Biology. Beartic is an ursine, quadruped creature capable of standing on its hind legs. It has bluish white fur with a shaggy tuft at its rear. Three spikes of ice hang from its lower jaw, forming a beard. Its face consists of a long snout, beady black eyes, and rounded ears. Its large forepaws have black claws and paw pads. ", "●Dive(more coverage). This is the moveset that I use for my Beartic and it has been pretty much invincible. however a swift Fire or Fighting type is dangerous against him(for example Infernape or Heracross)so pay attention as no good moveset can overcome all of his weaknesses. ", "Overview. Despite being the strongest physical Ice-type in the tier, Beartic has trouble distinguishing itself from Piloswine. Beartic has good natural bulk, but Ice is a horrible defensive typing and gives it many weaknesses, including one to Stealth Rock. Outside of the rain, Beartic is too slow to sweep through teams. It also has trouble dealing enough damage to threaten dangerous Pokemon such as Ludicolo, Gurdurr, and Samurott", "Beartic, The Freezing Pok mon. It can make its breath freeze at will. Very able in the water, it swims around in northern seas and catches prey.It freezes its breath to create fangs and claws of ice to fight with. Cold northern areas are its habitat. They love the cold seas of the north. Alomomola is probably the best option, as it takes little damage from Beartic's attacks and can stall it out with Scald, possibly conferring a burn. Fighting pokemon like Sawk have the advantage as they are not OHKO'd by Beartic and can OHKO in return.", "Beartic has a terrible defensive typing, being a pure Ice-type, but it does have solid offensive capabilities. Beartic sets itself apart from other Ice-types in the tier such as Auorus and Piloswine by being a capable physical rain sweeper that can handle Grass-types for its teammates. However, common Pokemon in PU such as Poliwrath and Carracosta limit Beartic's offensive capabilities. Other Options. Toxic can catch Poliwrath on the switch, but Beartic doesn't have the moveslot to fit it in. Stone Edge is an option to hit Flying-types such as Pelipper, but they are hit hard by Icicle Crash anyway, especially after a Swords Dance.", "Beartic is an ursine, quadrupedal polar bear-like Pokemon pokémon capable of standing on its hind. Legs it has bluish white fur with a particularly fuzzy underbelly and a shaggy tuft for a. Tail three spikes of ice hang from its lower, jaw forming a. Beard its face consists of a long, snout beady black, eyes and rounded. ears Physiology. Beartic is an ursine, quadrupedal polar bear-like Pokemon pokémon capable of standing on its hind. Legs it has bluish white fur with a particularly fuzzy underbelly and a shaggy tuft for a. Tail three spikes of ice hang from its lower, jaw forming a. beard", "Beartic (Japanese: ツンベアー Tsunbeaa) is an Ice-type Pokemon pokémon introduced In Generation. V beartic is an, ursine quadrupedal polar-bear Like pokemon pokémon capable of standing on its. Hind legs it has bluish white fur with a particularly fuzzy underbelly and a shaggy tuft for. a tail Physiology. Beartic is an ursine, quadrupedal polar bear-like Pokemon pokémon capable of standing on its hind. Legs it has bluish white fur with a particularly fuzzy underbelly and a shaggy tuft for a. Tail three spikes of ice hang from its lower, jaw forming a. beard", "Answers. Best Answer: Beartic isn't that great of a Pokemon in my opinion...there isn't much use for an ice type in black/white. I would use either Excadrill or Galvantula, both of which are good attackers. Galvantula (or even its pre-evolution Joltik) can take down the 6th gym alone. You can find Excadrill or its pre-evolution in swirling dust spots in most caves, and you can find Galvantula's pre-evolution Joltik in Chargestone Cave." ], "url": [ "http://bulbapedia.bulbagarden.net/wiki/Beartic_(Pok%C3%A9mon)", "http://pokemondb.net/pokebase/13452/what-is-a-good-moveset-for-beartic", "http://www.smogon.com/dex/bw/pokemon/beartic/", "http://www.serebii.net/potw-bw/614.shtml", "http://www.smogon.com/dex/xy/pokemon/beartic/#!", "http://pokemon.wikia.com/wiki/Beartic", "http://pokemon.wikia.com/wiki/Beartic", "https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20110313154825AAcMNd5" ] }

[ "Answers. Best Answer: Beartic isn't that great of a Pokemon in my opinion...there isn't much use for an ice type in black/white. I would use either Excadrill or Galvantula, both of which are good attackers. Galvantula (or even its pre-evolution Joltik) can take down the 6th gym alone. You can find Excadrill or its pre-evolution in swirling dust spots in most caves, and you can find Galvantula's pre-evolution Joltik in Chargestone Cave." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "(2) DNA is made up of these four bases: adenine & guanine, cytosine & thymine; R … NA is made up of adenine & guanine, cytosine & URACIL, the difference being that in RNA, uracil replaces thymine. (3) DNA is a double stranded molecule, and RNA is a single stranded molecule. Both contain a sugar, phosphate groups, and four different nitrogenous base pairs. Three of the nitrogenous bases are the same for both RNA and DNA: guanine, adenine, and cytosine. Thymine, the fourth base pair found in DNA, is replaced by uracil in RNA. DNA has deoxyribose sugar while RNA has ribose sugar. The deoxyribose sugar has one less oxygen atom than the ribose sugar", "Each nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate and a nucleic acid base. The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose. The sugar in RNA is ribose, the same as deoxyribose but with one more OH (oxygen-hydrogen atom combination called a hydroxyl). This is the biggest difference between DNA and RNA. (1) RNA is single-stranded while DNA is a double-stranded helix. (2) RNA also has uracil as its base while the DNA base is thymine. However, even with the differences in their structures, DNA and RNA have cooperating roles in the field of Cell Biology.", "1 DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA contains the sugar ribose. 2 The only difference between ribose and deoxyribose is that ribose has one more-OH group than deoxyribose, which has-H attached to the second (2') carbon in the ring. Although DNA and RNA both carry genetic information, there are quite a few differences between them. This is a comparison of the differences between DNA versus RNA, including a quick summary and a detailed table of the differences.", "1. In organisms, DNA is generally found as double-stranded, and RNA as single-stranded. 2. DNA has the deoxyribose pentose sugar, and RNA has the ribose pentose sugar. 3. DNA has thymine; RNA has uracil. This is the biggest difference between DNA and RNA. 3. Nitrogen Bases of DNA: Adenine Guanine Cytosine Thymine NItrogent bases of RNA: Adenine Guanine Cytosine Uracil.", "2. The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose. The sugar in RNA is ribose, the same as deoxyribose but with one more OH (oxygen-hydrogen atom combination called a hydroxyl). This is the biggest difference between DNA and RNA. 3. Nitrogen Bases of DNA: Adenine Guanine Cytosine Thymine NItrogent bases of RNA: Adenine Guanine Cytosine Uracil.", "1 The only difference between ribose and deoxyribose is that ribose has one more-OH group than deoxyribose, which has-H attached to the second (2') carbon in the ring. 2 DNA is a double stranded molecule while RNA is a single stranded molecule. 3 DNA is stable under alkaline conditions while RNA is not stable. Although DNA and RNA both carry genetic information, there are quite a few differences between them. This is a comparison of the differences between DNA versus RNA, including a quick summary and a detailed table of the differences.", "One of the major differences between DNA and RNA is the sugar, with 2-deoxyribose being replaced by the alternative pentose sugar ribose in RNA. The four bases found in DNA are adenine (abbreviated A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T). ", "DNA is usually double stranded and most cellular RNA is single stranded. 1)In DNA the pentose sugar is deoxyribose.Whereas in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. 2)In DNA the common organic bases are adenine,guanine,cytosine and thymine.Whereas in RNA the common organic bases are adenine,guanine,cytosine and uracil. RNA contains ribose, while DNA contains deoxyribose, a similar sugar that contains one fewer oxygen molecule (de...oxy). Another difference is that DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is a single strand. Three of the nitrogenous bases are the same in the two types (adenine, cytosine, and guanine), but DNA contains thymine while RNA contains uracil. There are also functional differences. DNA is the blueprint for all proteins formed by the cells" ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_are_three_chemical_differences_between_RNA_and_DNA", "http://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-similarities-differences-between-dna-rna-65255", "http://chemistry.about.com/od/lecturenoteslab1/a/Dna-Versus-Rna.htm", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20071109061421AAFmWJo", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20071109061421AAFmWJo", "http://chemistry.about.com/od/lecturenoteslab1/a/Dna-Versus-Rna.htm", "http://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/BIO101-DNA-vs-RNA.pdf", "http://www.enotes.com/homework-help/describe-three-differences-between-dna-122687" ] }

[ "1. In organisms, DNA is generally found as double-stranded, and RNA as single-stranded. 2. DNA has the deoxyribose pentose sugar, and RNA has the ribose pentose sugar. 3. DNA has thymine; RNA has uracil. This is the biggest difference between DNA and RNA. 3. Nitrogen Bases of DNA: Adenine Guanine Cytosine Thymine NItrogent bases of RNA: Adenine Guanine Cytosine Uracil." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Grand has its origins in the Old French language. Grand is a variant form of the English and Scottish Grant. Grand is rarely used as a baby name for boys. It is not ranked within the top 1000 names.", "Meaning of Grand. English name. In English, the name Grand means-grand superior.The name Grand originated as an English name. The name Grand is most often used as a boy name or male name. English Name Meaning", "Scottish Meaning: The name Grant is a Scottish baby name. In Scottish the meaning of the name Grant is: Originally a Scottish surname derived from the French 'grand', meaning tall or great. Now common both as a surname and given name. Famous bearer: American President Ulysses S. Grant." ], "url": [ "http://www.babynamespedia.com/meaning/Grand", "http://www.meaning-of-names.com/english-names/grand.asp", "http://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/grant" ] }

[ "Meaning of Grand. English name. In English, the name Grand means-grand superior.The name Grand originated as an English name. The name Grand is most often used as a boy name or male name. English Name Meaning" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "In 2012, their total usage was only 0.072% with 2 Earth names listed among the top 1000. Among all Earth names, Georgia (English) was the most widely used, with a ranking of #298 and a usage of 0.055%. earth ...Dharitri's meaning is ' earth '. ... Dziko. earth ...Dziko is of the meaning earth. ... Eartha. earth ...The name is of the meaning ' earth ' ... a baby for Mother Earth 's protection after the ... Erdmute. earth; bravery ...", "If you are looking for a meaningful baby name, consider the following list. These baby names are not only unique, they have Earth-friendly meanings. 1 Avani: Girl name of Indian origin meaning earth. 2 Gaia: Girl name of Greek origin meaning earth. 3 Kaj: Boy name of Danish origin meaning earth. Baby names have gone green! With Earth Day coming up, we thought it was the perfect time to round up eco-friendly baby names. You can pass on your passion for the environment to the upcoming generation with these cool Earth-friendly baby names, including organic names, recycled names and even green baby names.", "There are 62 Earth names for baby girls. Earth names are somewhat popular as baby girl names. Their usage peaked in 1972 with 0.526% of baby girls being given Earth names. Within the top 1000 baby names then, there were 4 Earth names. The names have slipped in popularity since then, and they are of modest use in recent times. earth ...Dharitri's meaning is ' earth '. ... Dziko. earth ...Dziko is of the meaning earth. ... Eartha. earth ...The name is of the meaning ' earth ' ... a baby for Mother Earth 's protection after the ... Erdmute. earth; bravery ...", "A good place to start are names that mean Earth. As the third planet from the sun, our home is a marvel in and of itself. Adam: The meaning of this name is earth and in Hebrew this is actually a general term for man.. In the Christian Bible, Adam was the first man made from the red earth of Eden. Clay: This name comes from a naturally occurring substance in the earth. Dagan: An old Hebrew name, this means grain, the earth..", "Girl Earth Names. Adamina: This is the feminine form of the name Adam and also means earth.. Adana: A Spanish version of Adam, this means earth as well. Afra: A name that has Hebrew and Arabic origins, this means color of earth.. Adam: The meaning of this name is earth and in Hebrew this is actually a general term for man.. In the Christian Bible, Adam was the first man made from the red earth of Eden. Clay: This name comes from a naturally occurring substance in the earth. Dagan: An old Hebrew name, this means grain, the earth..", "Earth Day Inspired Baby Names. April 22nd is Earth Day, a day designed to inspire environmental appreciation and awareness. It can also be inspiring to environmentally aware parents who are seeking a green name for their baby girl or boy. Adam: The meaning of this name is earth and in Hebrew this is actually a general term for man.. In the Christian Bible, Adam was the first man made from the red earth of Eden. Clay: This name comes from a naturally occurring substance in the earth. Dagan: An old Hebrew name, this means grain, the earth..", "Baby Names associated with Earth for Boys. Adoption of these boy names is at its most widespread presently (usage of 0.169%), except for names like Tillman which have become less trendy. Page 1/2 of 27 Earth names. Adam▲ 1 .. Based on Hebrew language. Earth .. Ranked in Top 1000. .. from the red earth of Eden .. [ Ad, Adamo, Adams, Adao, Addams, Ade, Adham, Adnon, Adnot, Adom, .. 14 more ].", "Boy Earth Names. Adam: The meaning of this name is earth and in Hebrew this is actually a general term for man.. In the Christian Bible, Adam was the first man made from the red earth of Eden. Clay: This name comes from a naturally occurring substance in the earth. Dagan: An old Hebrew name, this means grain, the earth..", "Baby Names associated with Earth for Girls. These girl names were at the peak of their popularity during the years 1910-1919 (usage of 0.1235%) and are almost as popular today (usage 0.0778%, down 37%), but with names like Ingrid, May, Terra, Tierra and Zola becoming somewhat dated. .. of an early Greek earth goddess .. Not Top 1000 names. [ Samelle, .. 1 more ]. Terra▼ 20 .. Derived fr. Latin. Earth .. Rare, with the unusual-rra ending for Terra, Tierra like Tasharra. The Roman earth goddess, equivalent to .. [ Tera, Tiera, .." ], "url": [ "http://www.babynamespedia.com/search/f/earth", "http://www.sheknows.com/parenting/articles/955405/eco-friendly-baby-names", "http://www.babynamespedia.com/search/f/earth", "http://babynames.allparenting.com/babynames/Ideas/Earth_Day_Inspired_Baby_Names/", "http://babynames.allparenting.com/babynames/Ideas/Earth_Day_Inspired_Baby_Names/", "http://babynames.allparenting.com/babynames/Ideas/Earth_Day_Inspired_Baby_Names/", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/names/1/earth", "http://babynames.allparenting.com/babynames/Ideas/Earth_Day_Inspired_Baby_Names/", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/names/0/earth" ] }

[ "Baby Names associated with Earth for Girls. These girl names were at the peak of their popularity during the years 1910-1919 (usage of 0.1235%) and are almost as popular today (usage 0.0778%, down 37%), but with names like Ingrid, May, Terra, Tierra and Zola becoming somewhat dated. .. of an early Greek earth goddess .. Not Top 1000 names. [ Samelle, .. 1 more ]. Terra▼ 20 .. Derived fr. Latin. Earth .. Rare, with the unusual-rra ending for Terra, Tierra like Tasharra. The Roman earth goddess, equivalent to .. [ Tera, Tiera, .." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Step 2. Obtain a franchise kit from Subway by visiting their website at www.subway.com and filling out a form to request information. The initial franchise fee for a Subway restaurant is $15,000. Total start-up costs vary, but can be as low as about $78,000. You must have some general business experience to be approved for a franchise. ", "Subway franchisees need less money because the sandwich chain's restaurants are cheaper to open. Subway's startup costs, which include construction and equipment leasing expenses, range from $116,200 to $262,850, according to the company. Opening a McDonald's restaurant requires as much as $2.3 million in startup costs alone, by comparison. But Subway restaurants generate less revenue than McDonald's units. A Subway restaurant, on average, generates $490,000 in sales annually, compared to $2.5 million in average annual revenue for McDonald's restaurants, according to QSR magazine.", "Subway franchisees need less money because the sandwich chain's restaurants are cheaper to open. Subway's startup costs, which include construction and equipment leasing expenses, range from $116,200 to $262,850, according to the company. Opening a McDonald's restaurant requires as much as $2.3 million in startup costs alone, by comparison. But Subway restaurants generate less revenue than McDonald's units", "YouTube. Owning a fast food franchise can be an incredibly lucrative business, but it requires a lot cash. You must have at least $750,000 in liquid assets to open a McDonald's or Taco Bell restaurant, for example. To open a KFC, your net worth must be at least $1.5 million. On top of initial investments that can exceed $1 million, most chains charge monthly fees that can cost up to 12% of gross sales", "1 The initial franchise fee for a Subway store is $15,000. 2 You need minimum net worth of $80,000 and available cash of at least $30,000, but those amounts can go higher, according to Entrepreneur.com. 3 Start-up costs, including the franchise fee, will probably total $116,200 to $262,850 for a store. 1 To open a U.S. franchise you need a minimum net worth of $700,000 and $350,000 in liquid assets (cash or things that can be turned into cash fast). 2 A commitment to open at least two stores is required. 3 If you want to open a store, expect a total outlay of $295,000 to $422,000, including franchise and development fees.", "Tim Boyle/Getty Images. Subway is one of the cheapest major fast-food restaurants to franchise. To open one restaurant, the company requires that potential franchisees have liquid assets of at least $30,000 and a net worth of $80,000 to $310,000, according to Entrepreneur. By comparison, McDonald's requires its franchisees to have at least $750,000 in liquid assets. But Subway restaurants generate less revenue than McDonald's units. A Subway restaurant, on average, generates $490,000 in sales annually, compared to $2.5 million in average annual revenue for McDonald's restaurants, according to QSR magazine.", "Cost to Start a Subway Franchise. It usually takes anywhere from $115,000 to $220,000 to start a Subway franchise. Occasionally, with larger restaurants, the cost can run up to $250,000. One of the first expenses is the initial franchise fee of $15,000. This fee covers the cost of using the Subway name and is generally non-refundable. The initial investment and operating costs are lower than many popular fast food chains-another factor that adds to the growing popularity of the sandwich chain. It usually takes anywhere from $115,000 to $220,000 to start a Subway franchise. Occasionally, with larger restaurants, the cost can run up to $250,000.", "Subway Franchise Cost /Initial Investment/ Subway Franchise Income. The capital required to open a Subway franchise is $80,000 and the Subway franchise fee is $15,000 with a total investment of $116,000. We currently don’t have information on the average Subway franchise income." ], "url": [ "http://smallbusiness.chron.com/start-subway-restaurant-corporate-credit-15196.html", "http://www.businessinsider.com/what-it-costs-to-open-a-subway-2015-3", "http://finance.yahoo.com/news/heres-costs-open-subway-restaurant-131831134.html", "http://www.businessinsider.com/cost-of-fast-food-franchise-2014-11", "http://finance.yahoo.com/news/what-it-takes-to-start-a-fast-food-franchise-222831956.html", "http://www.businessinsider.com/what-it-costs-to-open-a-subway-2015-3", "http://www.costowl.com/b2b/franchise-subway-cost.html", "https://www.franchisehelp.com/franchises/subway/" ] }

[ "Subway franchisees need less money because the sandwich chain's restaurants are cheaper to open. Subway's startup costs, which include construction and equipment leasing expenses, range from $116,200 to $262,850, according to the company. Opening a McDonald's restaurant requires as much as $2.3 million in startup costs alone, by comparison. But Subway restaurants generate less revenue than McDonald's units. A Subway restaurant, on average, generates $490,000 in sales annually, compared to $2.5 million in average annual revenue for McDonald's restaurants, according to QSR magazine." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A programmable logic controller, PLC, or programmable controller is a digital computer used for automation of typically industrial electromechanical processes, such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines, amusement rides, or light fixtures. PLCs are used in many machines, in many industries. PLC applications are typically highly customized systems, so the cost of a packaged PLC is low compared to the cost of a specific custom-built controller design. On the other hand, in the case of mass-produced goods, customized control systems are economical.", "A Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC, is more or less a small computer with a built-in operating system (OS). This OS is highly specialized to handle incoming events in real time, i.e., at the time of their occurrence. ", "Ladder logic has evolved into a programming language that represents a program by a graphical diagram based on the circuit diagrams of relay logic hardware. Ladder logic is used to develop software for programmable logic controllers (PLCs) used in industrial control applications. The name is based on the observation that programs in this language resemble ladders, with two vertical rails and a series of horizontal rungs between them", "A Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC for short, is simply a special computer device used for industrial control systems. They are used in many industries such as oil refineries, manufacturing lines, conveyor systems and so on. In these modern times a PC with specially dedicated software from the PLC manufacturer is used to program a PLC. The most widely used form of programming is called ladder logic. Ladder logic uses symbols, instead of words, to emulate the real world relay logic control, which is a relic from the PLC's history.", "A PLC is a microprocessor based programming unit used to perform several functions in industrial processes. But it differs in some ways from a computer. Unlike desktop computers, PLCs have multiple inputs and outputs, and are designed for the rugged operation under extreme industrial conditions. A PLC is similar to a computer as it has a central processing unit and generates outputs on the basis of some inputs. The logic or sequence of operation for a process is executed as per a control logic program or software", "More recently, PLCs are programmed using application software on personal computers, which now represent the logic in graphic form instead of character symbols. The computer is connected to the PLC through Ethernet, RS-232, RS-485, or RS-422 cabling. PLC applications are typically highly customized systems, so the cost of a packaged PLC is low compared to the cost of a specific custom-built controller design. On the other hand, in the case of mass-produced goods, customized control systems are economical.", "A professional learning community, or PLC, is a group of educators that meets regularly, shares expertise, and works collaboratively to improve teaching skills and the academic performance of students. ", "The following are some of the commonly used languages used to program a PLC: 1 Ladder Diagram (LD): The traditional ladder logic is a graphical programming language. 2 Statement List (STL): A high level text language that uses structured programming. A PLC is similar to a computer as it has a central processing unit and generates outputs on the basis of some inputs. The logic or sequence of operation for a process is executed as per a control logic program or software", "A PLC may be seen as a digital industrial computer control system mainly used for automation of industrial processes, like controlling machinery or factory assembly lines. A PLC is similar to a computer as it has a central processing unit and generates outputs on the basis of some inputs. The logic or sequence of operation for a process is executed as per a control logic program or software" ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmable_logic_controller", "https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introductory_PLC_Programming", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladder_logic", "http://www.plcdev.com/book/export/html/9", "https://blog.udemy.com/plc-programming-examples/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmable_logic_controller", "http://edglossary.org/professional-learning-community/", "https://blog.udemy.com/plc-programming-examples/", "https://blog.udemy.com/plc-programming-examples/" ] }

[ "A Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC for short, is simply a special computer device used for industrial control systems. They are used in many industries such as oil refineries, manufacturing lines, conveyor systems and so on. In these modern times a PC with specially dedicated software from the PLC manufacturer is used to program a PLC. The most widely used form of programming is called ladder logic. Ladder logic uses symbols, instead of words, to emulate the real world relay logic control, which is a relic from the PLC's history." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "* B-Complex co-factor PABA (para-aminobenzoic acid). * Bioflavonoids which work with vitamin C. Certain amino acids found in protein are considered nonessential accessory nutrients because they can be synthesized by the body from the essential amino acids. There are many nonessential nutrients that work in harmony with the essential nutrients to aid in the breakdown and conversion of food into cellular energy, and help to support all of the body's physical and mental functions.", "Nonessential Vitamins. Last month's newsletter featured an article on the essential nutrients; those nutrients derived from food that the body is unable to manufacture on its own. The counterparts to the essential nutrients are the accessory nutrients also called nonessential nutrients or co-factors. There are many nonessential nutrients that work in harmony with the essential nutrients to aid in the breakdown and conversion of food into cellular energy, and help to support all of the body's physical and mental functions.", "Just about all vitamins are in fact considered essential nutrients. The body, however, does produce some in some interesting ways. Vitamin D is produced from exposure to ultraviolet rays from the sun and is important for bone health and calcium absorption. Unlike what the names may lead you to believe, both essential and non essential nutrients are needed by the body. The difference between the two are the process in which they are obtained. With essential nutrients, the needed vitamins and minerals must be supplemented because they are not made naturally", "Good sources of complex carbohydrates include whole grains, vegetables and fruits. Vitamins. Found in a variety of foods, especially vegetables and fruits and are key in helping the body make energy from food. 1 Vitamin A (beta-carotene, retinol). 2 Vitamin B1 (thiamin). 3 Vitamin B2 (riboflavin). 4 Vitamin B3 (niacin). 5 Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid). 6 Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine). 7 Vitamin B7 (biotin).", "Nearly all nutrients that are classified as vitamins are obtained through dietary means, which is indicative of the term essential, because the body cannot synthesize these compounds. There are only a few vitamins that are considered nonessential because the body is capable of synthesizing these nutrients. Vitamins are biological nutrients that are required for a number of cellular and tissue-specific processes in your body. Vitamins are primarily attained from your dietary intake, with different vitamins originating from different types of food sources.", "Essential and non essential nutrients make up all of the vitamins, acids, fats, and minerals that a living body needs to be healthy. The way we create or obtain the correct amount of each is very different, as well as which particular nutrients fit into which category. Unlike what the names may lead you to believe, both essential and non essential nutrients are needed by the body. The difference between the two are the process in which they are obtained. With essential nutrients, the needed vitamins and minerals must be supplemented because they are not made naturally", "Latest Edit: Iva 2012-8-05 (EDT). Non-essential nutrients are those nutrients that can be made by the body. They may also be absorbed from food. Non-essential nutrients are still required in order to maintain and achieve health. Excesses or deficiencies of these nutrients can lead to disease. 1 Non-essential amino acids are those amino acids that can generally be synthesized from the diet, assuming that the essential amino acids are present in sufficient quantities.", "Nutrients 101: Essential and Non-Essential Nutrients Explained. Every day you consume food to nourish and fuel your body, as eating many different nutrients that are essential to maintaining optimal health. These are called essential nutrients and include vitamins, minerals, proteins, fats and carbohydrates. However, some nutrients are made in the human body, and these are called non-essential nutrients. Although termed non-essential, they are still required by the body for supporting daily bodily processes. Vitamins. Found in a variety of foods, especially vegetables and fruits and are key in helping the body make energy from food. 1 Vitamin A (beta-carotene, retinol). 2 Vitamin B1 (thiamin). 3 Vitamin B2 (riboflavin). 4 Vitamin B3 (niacin). 5 Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid). 6 Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine). 7 Vitamin B7 (biotin).", "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. An essential nutrient is a nutrient required for normal human body function that either cannot be synthesized by the body at all, or cannot be synthesized in amounts adequate for good health (e.g., niacin, choline), and thus must be obtained from a dietary source. " ], "url": [ "http://www.janethull.com/newsletter/0604/nonessential-vitamins.php", "http://www.janethull.com/newsletter/0604/nonessential-vitamins.php", "http://healthresearchfunding.org/essential-vs-nonessential-nutrients/", "http://www.fitday.com/fitness-articles/nutrition/vitamins-minerals/nutrients-101-essential-and-non-essential-nutrients-explained.html", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/299332-a-list-of-essential-nonessential-vitamins/", "http://healthresearchfunding.org/essential-vs-nonessential-nutrients/", "http://www.ndhealthfacts.org/wiki/Non-Essential_Nutrients", "http://www.fitday.com/fitness-articles/nutrition/vitamins-minerals/nutrients-101-essential-and-non-essential-nutrients-explained.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essential_nutrient" ] }

[ "Just about all vitamins are in fact considered essential nutrients. The body, however, does produce some in some interesting ways. Vitamin D is produced from exposure to ultraviolet rays from the sun and is important for bone health and calcium absorption. Unlike what the names may lead you to believe, both essential and non essential nutrients are needed by the body. The difference between the two are the process in which they are obtained. With essential nutrients, the needed vitamins and minerals must be supplemented because they are not made naturally" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "The garment is common among the various Mayan groups. For Mayan women in Guatemala, huipil designs on the front back and shoulders can identify which type of Maya and from what community. Mayan ceremonial huipils are worn only by the statues of saints and the wives of religious officials. The huipil endures in many indigenous communities, if not as an everyday garment, as one for ceremonies or special occasions. When a woman puts on a huipil, especially a ceremonial or very traditional one, it is a kind of ritual. She becomes the center of a symbolic world as her head passes through the neck opening.", "Share this: Tweet. Known for its fascinating patterns and vibrant colors, a Huipil (pronounced wee-peel) is an embroidered blouse worn by indigenous women in Guatemala. To complete the traje, they often combine Huipil with a corte, a traditional, long Mayan skirt, which they weave on a hand loom. To secure the corte, they wear a faja (belt). Generally handwoven and embroidered, a faja can range anywhere from 6 to 9 feet long and vary in complexity.", "Origin of HUIPIL. Mexican Spanish, from Nahuatl huipilli. This word doesn't usually appear in our free dictionary, but the definition from our premium Unabridged Dictionary is offered here on a limited basis. Note that some information is displayed differently in the Unabridged. ", "Clothing is of great cultural significance to the Mayan, and the huipil is the most prevalent part of a woman’s traditional dress. The weave or design of each huipil can identify her individual personality and the village she is from, as well as her marital, social, wealth, and religious status. Guatemalan women have hand-woven their clothing on a back strap loom for centuries and pass along the tradition through the years. They start with raw wool or cotton that they wash, comb and spin. Then they stretch the threads along a warping board and attach it to the loom.", "What is a Huipil. Humble Hilo incorporates intricate and culturally rich Guatemalan textiles into our products, while also creating job opportunities for impoverished Maya families. The materials we use in our products are literally pieces of art and deeply entrenched in the Guatemalan culture. Above is one of the women employed by Humble Hilo-it typically takes her 3-4 months to create a traditional huipil top! She has memorized thousands of patterns, calling this, mi don (my gift).", "The huipil has been worn by indigenous women of the Mesoamerican region (central Mexico into Central America) of both high and low social rank since well before the arrival of the Spanish to the Americas. It remains the most common female indigenous garment still in use. The huipil endures in many indigenous communities, if not as an everyday garment, as one for ceremonies or special occasions. When a woman puts on a huipil, especially a ceremonial or very traditional one, it is a kind of ritual. She becomes the center of a symbolic world as her head passes through the neck opening.", "Huipil ['wipil] (from the Nahuatl word huīpīlli [wiː'piːlːi]) is the most common traditional garment worn by indigenous women from Mexico and other parts of Central America. The huipil is typically lined with cotton for easier wear in this tropical climate. In the early twentieth century, some of the fabrics for huipiles were produced in Manchester, England for export to the Isthmus.", "Lengths of the huipil can vary from a short blouse-like garment or long enough to reach the floor. The style of traditional huipils generally indicates the ethnicity and community of the wearer as each have their own methods of creating the fabric and decorations. The huipil endures in many indigenous communities, if not as an everyday garment, as one for ceremonies or special occasions. When a woman puts on a huipil, especially a ceremonial or very traditional one, it is a kind of ritual. She becomes the center of a symbolic world as her head passes through the neck opening.", "Huipil [ˈwipil] (from the Nahuatl word huīpīlli [wiːˈpiːlːi]) is the most common traditional garment worn by indigenous women from central Mexico to Central America. The huipil endures in many indigenous communities, if not as an everyday garment, as one for ceremonies or special occasions. When a woman puts on a huipil, especially a ceremonial or very traditional one, it is a kind of ritual. She becomes the center of a symbolic world as her head passes through the neck opening." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huipil", "http://evermaya.com/pages/what-is-huipil", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/huipil", "https://guatemalanhuipils.com/", "http://humblehilo.com/pages/what-is-a-huipil", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huipil", "http://uknowledge.uky.edu/world_mexico_huipiles/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huipil", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huipil" ] }

[ "Huipil [ˈwipil] (from the Nahuatl word huīpīlli [wiːˈpiːlːi]) is the most common traditional garment worn by indigenous women from central Mexico to Central America. The huipil endures in many indigenous communities, if not as an everyday garment, as one for ceremonies or special occasions. When a woman puts on a huipil, especially a ceremonial or very traditional one, it is a kind of ritual. She becomes the center of a symbolic world as her head passes through the neck opening." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Below is a list of common medications used to treat or reduce the symptoms of Acne Rosacea. Follow the links to read common uses, side effects, dosage details and read user reviews for the drugs listed below. ", "Topical metronidazole is commonly used as a first-line agent. Topical azelaic acid, sulfacetamide products, and topical acne medications are also commonly used. Topical and oral antibiotics are also very effective, and for oral rosacea, they are usually considered as a first-line therapy. Retinoids are advocated by some authorities. A topical form of the alpha-2 agonist brimonidine was approved by the FDA in August 2013 for treatment of erythema associated with rosacea.", "Oral medications, particularly antibiotics, are usually a first-line treatment for rosacea once acne-like papules and pustules appear. These drugs are typically prescribed in conjunction with topical medications, lifestyle changes, and laser and/or light therapy. The most common oral antibiotics prescribed for rosacea include tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline. Because oral antibiotics can produce unwanted side effects, including an upset stomach and diarrhea, and because of the dangers of bacterial resistance, their long-term use is not recommended.", "Treatments for rosacea. Rosacea is a common skin condition causing flushing, redness, red pimples and pustules on the face, and should not be confused with acne. Dilated blood vessels may appear near the surface of the skin (telangiectasia). It can also cause inflammation of the eyes or eyelids, or both (ocular rosacea).", "If your symptoms are more severe, an oral antibiotic medication may be recommended as these can help reduce inflammation of the skin. Antibiotics often used to treat rosacea include tetracycline, oxytetracycline, doxycycline and erythromycin. These medications are usually taken for four to six weeks, but longer courses may be necessary if the spots are persistent. Common side effects of these medications include: 1 feeling and being sick. 2 diarrhoea. ", "However, the redness and flushing are less likely to improve. Medication for acne is effective in about three-quarters of affected people within a few months after starting treatment. Some people also find that antibiotic rosacea treatment not only relieves their acne, but also decreases facial redness. For people with more severe cases, doctors often prescribe an antibiotic that is taken by mouth, such as tetracycline, minocycline, erythromycin, or doxycycline. The papules (pink bumps) and pustules (bumps filled with pus) symptomatic of rosacea may respond quickly to this", "Rosacea drug treatment can become more difficult if the condition is allowed to progress. There are several types of drugs for the treatment of rosacea. The use of antibiotic creams and pills to lessen the redness on the face and swelling in the eyes is one of the methods for the treatment of rosacea. However, overuse of oral antibiotics for a long period can have side effects. 1. Antibiotics: Antibiotics are the most common rosacea drugs. Doctors prescribe antibiotics in the form of pills or creams. If the condition is severe, doctors prescribe pills along with cream. Oral antibiotics work faster than topical creams, so doctors usually prescribe these for quick relief.", "Treatment for Mild Rosacea. Symptoms of the first subtype of rosacea, erythematotelangiectatic rosacea, are flushing, facial redness, and sometimes visible blood vessels. This stage is difficult to treat with medication, so patients are urged to avoid triggers that can irritate the skin. Doctors often use oral and topical medications at the same time to get quicker results, and then switch patients to a single therapy to prevent flare-ups. Treatment for Severe Rosacea. In phymatous rosacea, the third subtype of rosacea, the major problem is skin thickening and enlargement, especially around the nose.", "Medicine Used for Mild Rosacea. For mild cases of rosacea, doctors may prescribe a topical antibiotic, such as benzoyl peroxide or metronidazole, that is applied directly to the affected skin once or twice daily. Doctors may also prescribe azelaic acid cream for mild rosacea. For severe cases of rosacea, doctors often prescribe an antibiotic taken by mouth, such as tetracycline, minocycline, erythromycin, or doxycycline. The papules (pink bumps) and pustules (bumps with pus inside) symptomatic of rosacea will usually respond quickly to this type of medication." ], "url": [ "http://www.webmd.com/drugs/condition-2670-Acne+Rosacea.aspx", "http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1071429-medication", "http://www.rosaceatreatment.org/medications/", "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001882/", "http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Rosacea/Pages/Treatment.aspx", "http://rosacea.emedtv.com/rosacea/rosacea-treatment.html", "http://www.newsmax.com/FastFeatures/rosacea-drugs-rosacea-drugs/2011/03/02/id/388085/", "http://www.everydayhealth.com/rosacea/rosacea-treatment.aspx", "http://rosacea.emedtv.com/rosacea/rosacea-medication.html" ] }

[ "Topical metronidazole is commonly used as a first-line agent. Topical azelaic acid, sulfacetamide products, and topical acne medications are also commonly used. Topical and oral antibiotics are also very effective, and for oral rosacea, they are usually considered as a first-line therapy. Retinoids are advocated by some authorities. A topical form of the alpha-2 agonist brimonidine was approved by the FDA in August 2013 for treatment of erythema associated with rosacea." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Share to: mazurka, Polish mazurek, Polish folk dance for a circle of couples, characterized by stamping feet and clicking heels and traditionally danced to the music of bagpipes.", "History of the Mazurka. Mazurka is the national dance of Poland, and a mazurka rhythm is also the. nation’s national anthem. Today mazurka is most widely recognized in its. ballet adaptations on stage and in folk dance performances, but it was.", "The folk origins of the mazurek are two other Polish musical forms—the slow kujawiak, and the fast oberek. The mazurek is always found to have either a triplet, trill, dotted eighth note (quaver) pair, or an ordinary eighth note pair before two quarter notes (crotchets).", "mazurka, Polish mazurek, Polish folk dance for a circle of couples, characterized by stamping feet and clicking heels and traditionally danced to the music of bagpipes. The mu … sic is in 3/4 time with a forceful accent on the second beat.", "Mazurka Boholana is a traditional dance that was performed in feasts and became popular in the provice of Bohol and in the other places on the Spanish era.", "The mazurka (in Polish, mazurek) is a Polish folk dance in triple meter, usually at a lively tempo, and with accent on the second or third beat.", "Note: Unfortunately, many sources, including Wikipedia, state that in the Polish language mazurka is the feminine form of mazurek, or that mazurka means Masovian woman in modern Polish. But since Mazurka as a dance is a Russian word, it's meaning in Polish is an unrelated and irrelevant etymology." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_origin_of_the_mazurka", "http://oslhp.net/2009/node/360", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazurka", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_origin_of_the_word_mazurka", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_origin_of_the_mazurka", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazurka", "http://socialdance.stanford.edu/syllabi/russian_mazurka.htm" ] }

[ "The folk origins of the mazurek are two other Polish musical forms—the slow kujawiak, and the fast oberek. The mazurek is always found to have either a triplet, trill, dotted eighth note (quaver) pair, or an ordinary eighth note pair before two quarter notes (crotchets)." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Ieoh Ming Pei (born April 26, 1917), commonly known as I. M. Pei, is a Chinese American architect. In 1948, Pei was recruited by New York real estate magnate William Zeckendorf. There he spent seven years before establishing his own independent design firm I. M. Pei & Associates in 1955, which became I.M. Pei & Partners in 1966 and later in 1989 became Pei Cobb Freed & Partners. In 1955 Pei's group took a step toward institutional independence from Webb and Knapp by establishing a new firm called I. M. Pei & Associates. (The name changed later to I. M. Pei & Partners.) They gained the freedom to work with other companies, but continued working primarily with", "In the spring of 1948 Pei was recruited by New York real estate magnate William Zeckendorf to join a staff of architects for his firm of Webb and Knapp to design buildings around the country. Pei found Zeckendorf's personality the opposite of his own; his new boss was known for his loud speech and gruff demeanor. In 1955 Pei's group took a step toward institutional independence from Webb and Knapp by establishing a new firm called I. M. Pei & Associates. (The name changed later to I. M. Pei & Partners.) They gained the freedom to work with other companies, but continued working primarily with Zeckendorf.", "Bill Ming. Bill Ming 73 of Bouxite, Arkansas died Monday, August 10, 2009 in Paris, Arkansas. He was born April 9, 1936 in Paris, Arkansas to William T. and Okla Ming. He was a Air Force Veteran and Business Owner of Ming Concrete of Bauxite, AR. for 40 years.", "Biography. Ming's love of cooking was forged in his early years. Ming was raised in Dayton, Ohio, where he spent hours cooking alongside his mother and father at Mandarin Kitchen, the family-owned restaurant. His experience also taught him about restaurant operations and the art of making customers happy. Ming headed east to attend school at Phillips Academy Andover. Ming began cooking for television audiences on the Food Network, where he was the 1998 Emmy Award-Winning host of East Meets West with Ming Tsai. Ming's Quest, his popular cooking adventure series, also aired on Food Network.", "Ieoh Ming Pei was born on April 26, 1917 to Tsuyee Pei and Lien Kwun, and the family moved to Hong Kong one year later. The family eventually included five children. As a boy, Pei was very close to his mother, a devout Buddhist who was recognized for her skills as a flautist. In 1955 Pei's group took a step toward institutional independence from Webb and Knapp by establishing a new firm called I. M. Pei & Associates. (The name changed later to I. M. Pei & Partners.) They gained the freedom to work with other companies, but continued working primarily with Zeckendorf.", "I have a William H. Ming married to Elisabeth b. 1816 Pennslyvannia with the following children. Moved to Auburn Susquehanna PA by 1850. I am wondering which of John Ming and Rebecca Shipley's sons might be William H Ming's father. I am wondering if William and Edah (Adah) Brown might be the parents.", "The names William and Etta continue on for several generations past this. I know that one of William sons was Charles of Morris Co NJ.and I know that William(b. 1782) died in November of 1811. It appears that William H. Ming was born late in 1811 or early in 1812. I am wondering which of John Ming and Rebecca Shipley's sons might be William H Ming's father. I am wondering if William and Edah (Adah) Brown might be the parents.", "Each year, the NAACP awards the Juanita Jackson Mitchell Legal Activism Award to an NAACP Unit for exemplary legal redress committee activities. William Robert Ming Advocacy Award. William Robert Ming was born on May 7, 1911 in Chicago, Illinois. This award shall be given annually in recognition of the legacy of Dr. W. Montague Cobb, who served as the President of the NAACP from 1976 to 1983. You may download the nomination form here. NAACP General Counsel Kim M. Keenan and 2012 Ming Award Recipient, H. Brice Cunningham.", "Surnames: I have a William H. Ming married to Elisabeth b. 1816 Pennslyvannia with the following children. Moved to Auburn Susquehanna PA by 1850. Census 1850,1860, 1870, 1880. I am wondering which of John Ming and Rebecca Shipley's sons might be William H Ming's father. I am wondering if William and Edah (Adah) Brown might be the parents." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._M._Pei", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._M._Pei", "http://www.rollerfuneralhomes.com/services.asp?page=odetail&id=17624&locid=", "https://www.ming.com/about-ming/biography.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._M._Pei", "http://boards.ancestry.com/thread.aspx?mv=flat&m=60&p=surnames.ming", "http://boards.ancestry.com/thread.aspx?mv=flat&m=60&p=surnames.ming", "http://www.naacp.org/pages/awards", "http://boards.ancestry.com/thread.aspx?mv=flat&m=60&p=surnames.ming" ] }

[ "Bill Ming. Bill Ming 73 of Bouxite, Arkansas died Monday, August 10, 2009 in Paris, Arkansas. He was born April 9, 1936 in Paris, Arkansas to William T. and Okla Ming. He was a Air Force Veteran and Business Owner of Ming Concrete of Bauxite, AR. for 40 years." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "A schematic image of three types of cantilever. The top example has a full moment connection (like a horizontal flag pole bolted to the side of a building). The middle example is created by an extension of a simple supported beam (such as the way a diving-board is anchored and extends over the edge of a swimming pool). The second is the formula relating the cantilever spring constant to the cantilever dimensions and material constants: where is force and is the cantilever width. The spring constant is related to the cantilever resonance frequency by the usual harmonic oscillator formula.", "can·ti·le·ver. n. 1. A projecting structure, such as a beam, that is supported at one end and carries a load at the other end or along its length. 2. A member, such as a beam, that projects beyond a fulcrum and is supported by a balancing member or a downward force behind the fulcrum. 3. A bracket or block supporting a balcony or cornice. ", "The most common current wing design is the cantilever. A single large beam, called the main spar, runs through the wing, typically nearer the leading edge at about 25 percent of the total chord. In flight, the wings generate lift, and the wing spars are designed to carry this load through the fuselage to the other wing. The second is the formula relating the cantilever spring constant to the cantilever dimensions and material constants: where is force and is the cantilever width. The spring constant is related to the cantilever resonance frequency by the usual harmonic oscillator formula.", "A cantilever is a rigid structural element, such as a beam or a plate, anchored at only one end to a (usually vertical) support from which it is protruding. The second is the formula relating the cantilever spring constant to the cantilever dimensions and material constants: where is force and is the cantilever width. The spring constant is related to the cantilever resonance frequency by the usual harmonic oscillator formula.", "4.5k Views. A cantilever is a beam anchored at only one end. The beam carries the. load to the support where it is forced against by a moment and shear stress. Cantilever construction allows for overhanging structures without external bracing. Cantilevers can also be constructed with trusses or slabs. Main advantages are:-. A cantilever beam is fixed to the support at one end and free at the other end. Advantages:-. 1) very simple to construct. 2) only one fixed support is required. disadvantages:-. 1) when the beam is loaded at one end, the moment at the fixed end is higher, if more load is applied, it can break free from the support.", "A cantilever is a beam supported on only one end. The beam transfers the load to the support where it has manage the moment of force and shear stress. Moment of force is the tendency of a force to twist or rotate an object. Shear stress is defined as a stress which is applied parallel to the face of a material. A cantilever beam is fixed to the support at one end and free at the other end. Advantages:-. 1) very simple to construct. 2) only one fixed support is required. disadvantages:-. 1) when the beam is loaded at one end, the moment at the fixed end is higher, if more load is applied, it can break free from the support.", "1. (Civil Engineering). a. a beam, girder, or structural framework that is fixed at one end and is free at the other. b. (as modifier): a cantilever wing. 2. (Aeronautics) a wing or tailplane of an aircraft that has no external bracing or support. 3. (Civil Engineering) a part of a beam or a structure projecting outwards beyond its support. ", "A cantilever is a beam supported on only one end. The beam transfers the load to the support where it has manage the moment of force and shear stress. Moment of force is the tendency of a force to twist or rotate an object. Shear stress is defined as a stress which is applied parallel to the face of a material. The formula for the maximum stress a cantilever beam can tolerate is given by. 1 σ max = (M max) * (y) / (I), Where M max is the maximum moment (which is equal to M 1 + M 2), y is the distance from the center to the outer edge, and I is the area of the cross-section of the beam." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantilever", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Cantilever+beam", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantilever", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantilever", "https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-cantilever-beam-What-is-the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-it", "https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-cantilever-beam-What-is-the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-it", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/cantilever", "http://www.innovateus.net/science/what-cantilever-beam" ] }

[ "A cantilever is a beam supported on only one end. The beam transfers the load to the support where it has manage the moment of force and shear stress. Moment of force is the tendency of a force to twist or rotate an object. Shear stress is defined as a stress which is applied parallel to the face of a material. The formula for the maximum stress a cantilever beam can tolerate is given by. 1 σ max = (M max) * (y) / (I), Where M max is the maximum moment (which is equal to M 1 + M 2), y is the distance from the center to the outer edge, and I is the area of the cross-section of the beam." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Too much inflation will ruin the economy but small levels of inflation will spur growth. Inflation is very harmful to any economy because it can ruin the economy's development and growth and this is not suppose to be. This is not really good in the sense that it shows the economy is stagnant/not growing. This may turn a … way the investors. Mild inflation is basically low rate of inflation around 2% to 3%. Mild inflation shows that an economy is stable and indicates economic growth.", "Answered by The Community. Making the world better, one answer at a time. Inflation can be harmful if individuals' incomes do not increase at the same rate as rising prices, because then the consumers buy less. Economic contraction is harmful because companies begin to lay off workers, and the economy slows down. ", "Finally, inflation is a sign that an economy is growing. In some situations, little inflation (or even deflation) can be just as bad as high inflation. The lack of inflation may be an indication that the economy is weakening. Inflation is defined as a sustained increase in the general level of prices for goods and services. It is measured as an annual percentage increase. As inflation rises, every dollar you own buys a smaller percentage of a good or service.", "Price inflation occurs when average prices are rising above this low and predictable rate, and price deflation occurs when average prices are falling. In both cases, the effects are potentially extremely harmful to a country’s economic performance and to the welfare of its citizens. ", "Inflation is also very harmful to any economy because the people living in that economy might not survive the situation and this is when you see that an economy is affected and if nothing is done to it, it can cause an economy to collapse. This is not really good in the sense that it shows the economy is stagnant/not growing. This may turn a … way the investors. Mild inflation is basically low rate of inflation around 2% to 3%. Mild inflation shows that an economy is stable and indicates economic growth.", "1 If inflation is caused by unsustainable economic growth then the boom may be followed by a recession. 2 To reduce inflation and keep inflation withinthe target, the B of E will have to increase interest rates; this causes problems because AD will fall causing lower growth. 1 To reduce inflation and keep inflation withinthe target, the B of E will have to increase interest rates; this causes problems because AD will fall causing lower growth. 2 Higher rates of inflation are disliked by business because it makes it more difficult to predict future costs. 3 Therefore investment will be lower.", "But high inflation is less beneficial. High inflation can cause the population’s confidence in their own currency and economy to decline, and it can be less appealing for foreign investors to invest in the country concerned. High inflation therefore often has a harmful effect on economic growth. If inflation gets too high, a country’s central bank will often intervene by raising its interest rates and thus discourage the creation of money. The opposite of inflation is deflation. With deflation the real price level falls. ", "1 Deflation can cause problems for the economy. 2 It means that those who have debts will see the real value of debts increase, this will lead to lower consumer confidence and possibly lower AD and economic growth. 3 Deflation makes monetary policy ineffective. 4 This is because interest rates cannot be reduced below 0%. 1 To reduce inflation and keep inflation withinthe target, the B of E will have to increase interest rates; this causes problems because AD will fall causing lower growth. 2 Higher rates of inflation are disliked by business because it makes it more difficult to predict future costs. 3 Therefore investment will be lower.", "Second, deflation raises the inflation-adjusted interest rate, and that can cause consumers to spend less on durables like cars, appliances and houses that are purchased with credit. Rising inflation-adjusted interest rates also increase the cost of borrowing and can depress business investment. Finally, it's important to note that outright deflation isn't required for these problems to emerge. Disinflation -- when inflation rates are above zero but declining -- can also be troublesome. Central bankers have an aversion to inflation. Indeed, it seems to be a requirement for the job.", "1 If inflation is high there will be a devaluation of the exchange rate, This is something the govt wishes to avoid as it creates uncertainty amongst business and lower purchasing power of Sterling abroad. 2 Higher rates of inflation may cause menu costs, which means firms have to change price lists quite often. 1 To reduce inflation and keep inflation withinthe target, the B of E will have to increase interest rates; this causes problems because AD will fall causing lower growth. 2 Higher rates of inflation are disliked by business because it makes it more difficult to predict future costs. 3 Therefore investment will be lower." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/Is_inflation_harmful", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_are_fluctuations_in_the_economy_harmful", "http://www.investopedia.com/university/inflation/inflation1.asp", "http://economicsonline.co.uk/Global_economics/Inflation.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Is_inflation_harmful", "http://www.economicshelp.org/macroeconomics/inflation/inflation-essay-harmful/", "http://global-rates.com/economic-indicators/inflation/inflation-information.aspx", "http://www.economicshelp.org/macroeconomics/inflation/inflation-essay-harmful/", "http://www.cbsnews.com/news/explainer-why-is-deflation-so-harmful/", "http://www.economicshelp.org/macroeconomics/inflation/inflation-essay-harmful/" ] }

[ "Inflation is also very harmful to any economy because the people living in that economy might not survive the situation and this is when you see that an economy is affected and if nothing is done to it, it can cause an economy to collapse. This is not really good in the sense that it shows the economy is stagnant/not growing. This may turn a … way the investors. Mild inflation is basically low rate of inflation around 2% to 3%. Mild inflation shows that an economy is stable and indicates economic growth." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "PEI Genesis Salary. PEI Genesis average salary is $62,397, median salary is $63,000 with a salary range from $42,827 to $80,000. PEI Genesis salaries are collected from government agencies and companies. Each salary is associated with a real job position. PEI Genesis salary statistics is not exclusive and is for reference only. ", "Average Salary in Canada. If you moved to Canada from another western economy a few years ago, you would most likely have found Canadian wages a bit lower than you expected. This is generally not the case now. The average salary in Canadian dollars has risen by around 22 percent since 2007. In 2015 the average hourly earnings accross all employess in either full ot part-time work was $25.11. This compares to $20.56 in 2007.", "According to information provided by Statistics Canada, as of 2010, the average annual salary for nurse practitioners in Prince Edward Island was $64,584, which was about $31.05 an hour. Those in the 90th percentile earned an average hourly wage of $37.40, which was an annual salary of $77,792, about $13,208 more than the overall average within the province.", "At 3.1%, this was the smallest increase in the last five years. At the provincial level, average earnings ranged from lows of $236,000 in Prince Edward Island and $250,000 in Nova Scotia to highs of $340,000 in Ontario and $350,000 in Alberta. ", "According to the latest figures, the highest hourly average (median) wages are earned in Windsor / Sarnia, – Ontario at $57.15 per hour and the lowest average (median) wages are earned in Prince Edward Island at $43.94 per hour. A typical full-time annual salary for this occupation is in the region of $85,000 – $95,000. The 2014 full-time average hourly wage rate for professional occupations in health, which includes pharmacists, is $35.85. The 2014 corresponding median weekly wage rate is $1332, giving an approximate full-time annual salary for this employment sector of $69,000.", "Pei Salary. Pei average salary is $20,000, median salary is $20,000 with a salary range from $20,000 to $20,000. Pei salaries are collected from government agencies and companies. Each salary is associated with a real job position. Pei salary statistics is not exclusive and is for reference only. They are presented as is and updated regularly.", "© Guardian photo by Heather Taweel. Prince Edward Island Health Minister Doug Currie. Health P.E.I paid doctors in Prince Edward Island more than $67 million over and above their annual salaries last year. Health Minister Doug Currie released a document in the legislature Tuesday showing the total amount of fee-for-service and contract payments given to each physician in P.E.I. in 2013. " ], "url": [ "http://www.salarylist.com/company/PEI-Genesis-Salary.htm", "http://www.livingin-canada.com/work-salaries-wages-canada.html", "http://www.graduatenursingedu.org/prince-edward-island/prince-edward-island-salary/", "http://www.theguardian.pe.ca/News/Local/2013-01-23/article-3162123/PEI-doctors-make-less-than-the-rest-in-Canada/1", "http://www.livingin-canada.com/salaries-for-pharmacists.html", "http://www.salarylist.com/company/Pei-Salary.htm", "http://www.theguardian.pe.ca/News/Local/2014-04-23/article-3697992/Prince-Edward-Island-doctors-paid-more-than-%2467-million-above-salaries/1" ] }

[ "Pei Salary. Pei average salary is $20,000, median salary is $20,000 with a salary range from $20,000 to $20,000. Pei salaries are collected from government agencies and companies. Each salary is associated with a real job position. Pei salary statistics is not exclusive and is for reference only. They are presented as is and updated regularly." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "About 20% of ovarian cancers are found at an early stage. When ovarian cancer is found early at a localized stage, about 94% of patients live longer than 5 years after diagnosis. Several large studies are in progress to learn the best ways to find ovarian cancer in its earliest stage. By the time ovarian cancer is considered as a possible cause of these symptoms, it usually has already spread beyond the ovaries. Also, some types of ovarian cancer can rapidly spread to the surface of nearby organs. Still, prompt attention to symptoms may improve the odds of early diagnosis and successful treatment.", "No. A Pap test can't reliably detect ovarian cancer. A Pap test is a procedure that involves collecting cells from your cervix and examining them under a microscope. A Pap test can detect cervical cancer and changes in your cervical cells that may increase your risk of cervical cancer in the future. Very rarely, ovarian cancer cells can be detected during a Pap test. If the ovarian cancer cells travel away from your ovaries through your fallopian tubes and uterus to the area around your cervix, the ovarian cancer cells could be collected during a Pap test. But this is rare, so the Pap test isn't a reliable test for ovarian cancer.", "A pap smear only detects abnormalities of the cervix (cervical cancer/precancerous cells, HPV). A pelvic exam includes a pap smear, but the GYN also can feel the shape and size of the ovaries by placing one or two fingers in the vagina and putting their other hand on top of your abdomen. Best Answer: A pap smear checks for certical cancer or HPV. At the same time a pap smear is done, the doc will do a pelvic exam. If they feel anything abnormal like a cyst, they will do further testing.", "news_women-3.jpg. DNA from cervical screening samples could also be used to detect ovarian and womb (endometrial) cancers, according to preliminary US research. Cervical screening uses a test called cytology, which most people know as the 'smear test'. Cytology involves taking a sample of cells from the cervix with a small brush. It suggests that the national cervical screening programme could one day be expanded to test for ovarian and womb cancers too. The idea of testing women's cervical screening samples for DNA from ovarian and womb cancers is clever, and this small study shows this may be possible in the future.", "Pap smear tests, which screen for cervical cancer, may help identify ovarian and uterine cancer as well, a new study suggests. That's because the cervical fluid collected during a Pap smear can contain cells, including cancer cells, that have been shed from theovaries or endometrium (the lining of the uterus). During the study, researchers developed a test to look for genetic markers of ovarian and endometrial cancers that were present in the cervical fluid. (The new test requires cervical fluid from a Pap smear, but analyzes it in a different way than does the test for cervical cancer.).", "Preliminary research suggests that the Pap smear can help doctors test for other gynecologic cancers besides cervical cancer, including ovarian and endometrial (uterine) cancers. Researchers are looking at more sophisticated methods of analyzing samples obtained from routine Pap smears. ", "Although the Pap doesn't detect ovarian cancer, it may detect cancer cells that have migrated to the uterine cervix from the ovaries or abnormal cells in the uterine cervix. After the Pap smear, other tests your health care professional may perform include: Of all the risk factors, the most significant is a family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer. However, it's important to keep risk factors in perspective. Most women with risk factors for ovarian cancer will never actually get", "The researchers tested PapGene on Pap smear samples from 22 women with ovarian cancer and 24 women with endometrial cancer. The test identified all 24 endometrial cancers, and nine out of 22 ovarian cancers. The cost of PapGene could be similar to that for HPV testing, which is about $100, the researchers said. During the study, researchers developed a test to look for genetic markers of ovarian and endometrial cancers that were present in the cervical fluid. (The new test requires cervical fluid from a Pap smear, but analyzes it in a different way than does the test for cervical cancer.)." ], "url": [ "http://www.cancer.org/cancer/ovariancancer/detailedguide/ovarian-cancer-detection", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ovarian-cancer/expert-answers/ovarian-cancer/faq-20058278", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070629072718AA00kIs", "http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-us/cancer-news/news-report/2013-01-10-cervical-smear-tests-could-also-detect-ovarian-and-womb-cancer", "http://www.livescience.com/26123-pap-smear-test-ovarian-endometrial-cancer.html", "https://www.sharecare.com/health/gynecology/what-cancers-pap-smear-detect", "http://health.howstuffworks.com/diseases-conditions/cancer/ovarian/ovarian-cancer-diagnosis.htm", "http://www.livescience.com/26123-pap-smear-test-ovarian-endometrial-cancer.html" ] }

[ "Pap smear tests, which screen for cervical cancer, may help identify ovarian and uterine cancer as well, a new study suggests. That's because the cervical fluid collected during a Pap smear can contain cells, including cancer cells, that have been shed from theovaries or endometrium (the lining of the uterus). During the study, researchers developed a test to look for genetic markers of ovarian and endometrial cancers that were present in the cervical fluid. (The new test requires cervical fluid from a Pap smear, but analyzes it in a different way than does the test for cervical cancer.)." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Definitions (2). 1. In finance, the purchase of a financial product or other item of value with an expectation of favorable future returns. In general terms, investment means the use money in the hope of making more money. 2.", "DEFINITION of 'Investment'. An asset or item that is purchased with the hope that it will generate income or appreciate in the future. In an economic sense, an investment is the purchase of goods that are not consumed today but are used in the future to create wealth. In finance, an investment is a monetary asset purchased with the idea that the asset will provide income in the future or appreciate and be sold at a higher price.", "DEFINITION of 'Investment Fund'. A supply of capital belonging to numerous investors that is used to collectively purchase securities while each investor retains ownership and control of his or her own shares.", "In the financial sense investments include the purchase of bonds, stocks or real estate property. Be sure not to get 'making an investment' and 'speculating' confused. Investing usually involves the creation of wealth whereas speculating is often a zero-sum game; wealth is not created.", "An investment fund provides a broader selection of investment opportunities, greater management expertise and lower investment fees than investors might be able to obtain on their own. Types of investment funds include mutual funds, exchange traded funds, money market funds and hedge funds. Next Up." ], "url": [ "http://www.investorwords.com/2599/investment.html", "http://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/investment.asp", "http://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/investment-fund.asp", "http://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/investment.asp", "http://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/investment-fund.asp" ] }

[ "DEFINITION of 'Investment'. An asset or item that is purchased with the hope that it will generate income or appreciate in the future. In an economic sense, an investment is the purchase of goods that are not consumed today but are used in the future to create wealth. In finance, an investment is a monetary asset purchased with the idea that the asset will provide income in the future or appreciate and be sold at a higher price." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Virus Replication. Viruses are intracellular obligate parasites which means that they cannot replicate or express their genes without the help of a living cell. A single virus particle (virion) is in and of itself essentially inert. It lacks needed components that cells have to reproduce. ", "L. innocua, which is non-invasive, was also shown to replicate in the cytosol of the epitheloid Caco-2 cell line when the bacteria harboured the hly gene and the host cells were treated with the necrotising toxin of E. coli [37] . This necrotising toxin induces phagocytosis by normally non-phagocytic mammalian cells. All of the bacteria possessing the ability to escape from the phagocytic vacuole described above will efficiently replicate in the host cell cytosol, regardless of whether the host cells are phagocytes or non-phagocytic cells.", "It is used in contrast to extracellular (outside the cell). The cell membrane (and, in many organisms, the cell wall) is the barrier between the two, and chemical composition of intra-and extracellular milieu (Milieu interieur) intérieur can be radically. different ", "Viral replication is the formation of biological viruses during the infection process in the target host cells. Viruses must first get into the cell before viral replication can occur. From the perspective of the virus, the purpose of viral replication is to allow production and survival of its kind.", "Although the molecular details in the uptake mechanism differ among intracellular bacteria, the first event following the specific interaction between the bacterial cell and the host cell is always the formation of a primary phagosome. All of the bacteria possessing the ability to escape from the phagocytic vacuole described above will efficiently replicate in the host cell cytosol, regardless of whether the host cells are phagocytes or non-phagocytic cells.", "Abstract. Viruses are intracellular parasites that use the host cell they infect to produce new infectious progeny. Distinct steps of the virus life cycle occur in association with the cytoskeleton or cytoplasmic membranes, which are often modified during infection. Plus-stranded RNA viruses induce membrane proliferations that support the replication of their genomes.", "it is inhaled from livestock and pets, its virulence is intracellular replication, resistance of lysosomal degradation & formation of immune complexes in chronic disease. acute symptoms include 20d incubation, sudden onset of headache, chills, mild respir, 50% have hepatosplenomelagy. Definition. trachoma, urogenital infections, and reiter's disease. it is transferred sexually, at birth, or via breaks in skin or mucous membranes. its virulence factors are intracellular replication and prevention of phagolysosomal fusion.", "The type of genome also dictates where the virus will replicate. Viruses that are RNA often replicate in the cytoplasm, while DNA viruses replicate in the nucleus. A DNA virus won't have an RNA polymerase gene to mediate transcription, so it has to be in the nucleus – where the host RNA polymerase is. That being said, some viruses, including influenza, enter and replicate in the nucleus because they require splicing enzymes for replication. Virus replication usually occurs in two stages: early and late. These two stages are defined by the types of viral proteins made in each stage.", "Intracellular bacteria in mammalian host cells can either live in a membrane-bound vacuole modified to support bacterial growth, or escape from the primary phagosome into the host cell cytoplasm. All of the bacteria possessing the ability to escape from the phagocytic vacuole described above will efficiently replicate in the host cell cytosol, regardless of whether the host cells are phagocytes or non-phagocytic cells.", "Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, which means they have to live inside of a host and steal hosts enzymes to allow replication, like when aliens inhabit the bodies of politicians and run for office… it happens. That being said, some viruses, including influenza, enter and replicate in the nucleus because they require splicing enzymes for replication. Virus replication usually occurs in two stages: early and late. These two stages are defined by the types of viral proteins made in each stage." ], "url": [ "http://biology.about.com/od/virology/ss/Virus-Replication.htm", "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369527499000508", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intracellular", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_replication", "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369527499000508", "http://www.nature.com/nrmicro/journal/v6/n5/full/nrmicro1890.html", "http://www.flashcardmachine.com/intracellular-bacteria.html", "http://www.shmoop.com/microorganisms-viruses/viral-replication.html", "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369527499000508", "http://www.shmoop.com/microorganisms-viruses/viral-replication.html" ] }

[ "Abstract. Viruses are intracellular parasites that use the host cell they infect to produce new infectious progeny. Distinct steps of the virus life cycle occur in association with the cytoskeleton or cytoplasmic membranes, which are often modified during infection. Plus-stranded RNA viruses induce membrane proliferations that support the replication of their genomes." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Typical Funeral Service cost is $450, while the average service fee for a viewing is $395. 2 Transfer of Remains to funeral home: This is the cost to pick up a body and take it to the funeral home prior to a funeral or service, from places such as a hospital, nursing home, etc.. 3 It averages $250. There are many options which affect the price of a funeral. However, for the basic funeral, the average cost according to the National Funeral Directors Association is $7,755. This does not include the cost for head stones or grave markers, monuments, cemetery fees, obituaries or flowers.", "On average, the price of a typical funeral, including non-discretionary fees and a burial or cremation, is £3,456. The average amount spent on extras such as a memorial, flowers and catering is £2,006 and discretionary estate administration costs have increased significantly to £2,160. The average cost of a funeral in fact rose by 80 per cent between 2004 and 2013 and the costs of dying are expected to continue to increase over the next five years.", "Typical costs for arranging the funeral. On average, funeral director services cost about £1,800. These costs include storing the body, providing the coffin, hearse and staff on the day of the funeral. Generally, they won’t cover disbursement costs. Disbursement costs are fees for burial, cremation, doctors and ministers or celebrant services. ", "The cremation rate in the U.S. in 2012 was 43.2%, up from 26.2% in 2000, 9.7% in 1980, and 3.6% in 1960. The average cost of a cremation through a funeral home is between $2,000 and $4,000, according to the folks at Caring.com, and the cost can be considerably lower if it's done through a crematory. Thanks, FTC!", "Planning Ahead is the Key to Managing Funeral Costs. Funeral homes, cemeteries and other service providers expect to receive payment in full at the time of the funeral. With the average cost of a funeral in the U.S. exceeding $8,000, it can be a hardship if you have not planned ahead for this expenditure.", "Funeral costs include basic services fee for the funeral director and staff, charges for other services and merchandise, and cash advances. Make copies of the checklist at the end of this article. Use it when you shop with several funeral homes to compare costs. ", "Average Funeral Costs. According to the 2010 funeral price survey by the National Funeral Directors Association, the average funeral cost for an adult funeral is $7,775.00. This is based on the most commonly selected items for a traditional funeral including a casket and vault. However, it does not include cemetery costs. Funeral homes, cemeteries and other service providers expect to receive payment in full at the time of the funeral. With the average cost of a funeral in the U.S. exceeding $8,000, it can be a hardship if you have not planned ahead for this expenditure.", "The average cost of dying-including funeral, burial or cremation and state administration-stands at £7,622, having risen by 7.1 per cent in the past year, a study claims. The average cost of a funeral in fact rose by 80 per cent between 2004 and 2013 and the costs of dying are expected to continue to increase over the next five years.", "California Cremation Costs. The average cost of cremation is a fraction of funeral and burial costs in California, less than a quarter of the $10,000+ cost of an average funeral and burial. With cremation, there is no need to embalm or to purchase a cemetery plot, casket, burial vault, or gravestone. ", "1 Professional Service Fee: This is something that is mandatory, or “nondeclinable”, at most funeral homes. 2 This is simply the cost to set everything up with a funeral home. 3 It can range from $695 to $3,000 depending upon the area, funeral home itself, etc.. 4 On average, the basic services fee is $1,817. There are many options which affect the price of a funeral. However, for the basic funeral, the average cost according to the National Funeral Directors Association is $7,755. This does not include the cost for head stones or grave markers, monuments, cemetery fees, obituaries or flowers." ], "url": [ "http://www.insuremyburial.com/faq/how-much-does-funeral-cost", "http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2543006/The-rising-cost-dying-Average-funeral-costs-7-600-thousands-struggling-afford-fitting-send-off.html", "https://www.moneyadviceservice.org.uk/en/articles/how-much-does-a-funeral-cost", "http://www.fool.com/investing/general/2014/11/18/how-much-does-a-funeral-cost.aspx", "https://www.funeralwise.com/plan/costs/", "https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0301-funeral-costs-and-pricing-checklist", "https://www.funeralwise.com/plan/costs/", "http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2543006/The-rising-cost-dying-Average-funeral-costs-7-600-thousands-struggling-afford-fitting-send-off.html", "http://www.tridentsociety.com/cremation-costs", "http://www.insuremyburial.com/faq/how-much-does-funeral-cost" ] }

[ "California Cremation Costs. The average cost of cremation is a fraction of funeral and burial costs in California, less than a quarter of the $10,000+ cost of an average funeral and burial. With cremation, there is no need to embalm or to purchase a cemetery plot, casket, burial vault, or gravestone. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Chinese Celery. Chinese celery is a smaller version of the celery in Western markets, but its flavor is quite a bit stronger. The crisp, hollow stems of some varieties are light green, while others can be dark green or white. The leaves are typically jagged on the edges. Indispensable to many Asian soups or stews, Chinese celery is one of the most commonly grown vegetables in China. The entire plant is used, either fresh or dried. Add leaves and stalks to flavor vegetable or meat soups, or use them in a stir-fry.", "Chinese celery (Apium graveolens var. secalinum), is a variety of celery cultivated in East Asian countries for its edible, flavorful stalks and leaves. The stems are thinner than those of western celery, and curved into round, hollow stalks. Also, unlike with western celery, the leaves are used as much as the stalks", "Chinese celery is a member of the Apiaceae family and the Apium graveloens species. Small with more leaves than stalks, aromatic Chinese celery grows in a rosette stemming from the base of its roots. Fragrant, this ancient Asian vegetable-herb's hollow thin crispy stems produce delicate wispy leaves. Cooking sweetens and tames its taste. Pungent and peppery, Chinese celery tastes similar to regular celery, only much stronger-it is rarely eaten raw. Toss in stir-fries, fried rice dishes or vegetable sautes. Sautés pair with, ham, lamb, chicken turkey or game. Entrees entrées, to store place in a perforated; plastic. bag refrigerate", "About Chinese celery Edit. Celery is also known under the name of apium graveolens and has an interesting name origin. The celery name comes from the Greek word “selinon”, which was used in the famous Odyssey of Homer. Although celery has 2 distinctive origins, the European and the Chinese (or Asian), the main difference between the 2 is the fact that the Chinese celery’s color ranges from the plain white till darker tones of greens.", "chinese celery is tall skinny celery with parsley like leaves and has a more pronounced celery flavor the entire vegetable is edible although it is rarely eaten raw in asian cuisines the origin of this celery is unknown but it is thought to have grown wild in east asia and the middle east ", "Top 10 facts about the world. Chinese celery, or khan choy, is the same species as the European variety most people in the West are familiar with, Apium graveolens, but it has a number of important differences. Chinese celery is closer than European celery to the wild variety, called smallage. It looks and tastes more like an herb, somewhat like parsley. The thin stalks are hollow and crispy, and both the stalks and the leaves may be added to cooked dishes.", "Pungent and peppery, Chinese celery tastes similar to regular celery, only much stronger-it is rarely eaten raw. Toss in stir-fries, fried rice dishes or vegetable sautes. Sautés pair with, ham, lamb, chicken turkey or game. entrees entrées Cooking sweetens and tames its taste. Pungent and peppery, Chinese celery tastes similar to regular celery, only much stronger-it is rarely eaten raw. Toss in stir-fries, fried rice dishes or vegetable sautes. Sautés pair with, ham, lamb, chicken turkey or game. Entrees entrées, to store place in a perforated; plastic. bag refrigerate", "Chinese celery is a smaller version of the celery in Western markets, but its flavor is quite a bit stronger. The crisp, hollow stems of some varieties are light green, while others can be dark green or white. Although celery has 2 distinctive origins, the European and the Chinese (or Asian), the main difference between the 2 is the fact that the Chinese celery’s color ranges from the plain white till darker tones of greens.", "Celery (Apium graveolens) is a cultivated plant, variety in the family Apiaceae, commonly used as a vegetable. Depending on location, either its stalks, or its hypocotyl, are eaten and used in cooking. In North America the dominant variety most commonly available in trade is celery, Apium graveolens var. dulce, whose stalks are eaten raw, or as an ingredient in salads, or as a flavoring in soups, stews, and pot roasts. In Europe the dominant variety most commonly available in trade is celeriac (Apium graveolens var." ], "url": [ "http://www.kitazawaseed.com/seeds_chinese_celery.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_celery", "http://www.specialtyproduce.com/produce/Chinese_Celery_966.php", "http://recipes.wikia.com/wiki/Chinese_celery", "http://www.friedas.com/chinese-celery-kahn-choy/", "http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-chinese-celery.htm", "http://www.specialtyproduce.com/produce/Chinese_Celery_966.php", "http://recipes.wikia.com/wiki/Chinese_celery", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celery" ] }

[ "Chinese celery (Apium graveolens var. secalinum), is a variety of celery cultivated in East Asian countries for its edible, flavorful stalks and leaves. The stems are thinner than those of western celery, and curved into round, hollow stalks. Also, unlike with western celery, the leaves are used as much as the stalks" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Blakiston's Fish Owl is a large owl with a size 60-75cm (24-30 years) and probably the largest species of owl. A recent field study of this species shows a male with a weight of 3 to 3.75 kg (6.6 to 8.3 lbs), with females up to 4.5 kg (10 lbs), to around 25% larger. This owl looks like a Eurasian eagle owl, but pale.", "The largest owl in all of the African continent is the African Eagle Owl. It is a territorial bird and will not tolerate other birds going after the same prey. They are tall w … ith large, dark eyes and can have grey or light brown feathers.", "Looks like we've got a badass over here. Blakiston's fish owl, the largest owl in the world, makes its home in old growth forests surrounding streams and rivers in Russia's Far East, east China, and Japan. But due to rapidly disappearing habitats, the huge birds—females can hit 10 pounds, which is a lot to fly with—are in decline.", "Blakiston's fish owl (Bubo blakistoni) is one of the rarest owls in the world, an endangered bird restricted to Russia, China, Japan and possibly North Korea. This owl is also the largest on Earth.", "2.The Great Grey Owl. This is the largest bird of the owl, but very light weight, similar to the wedge-tailed eagles in Australia. 59-69cm, 800-1700g. In terms of length, the Great Grey Owl Eurasian Eagle Owl compete with and Blakiston's fish as the world's largest owl." ], "url": [ "http://uniqworlds.blogspot.com/2011/05/5-worlds-largest-owl.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_largest_owl_in_the_world", "http://motherboard.vice.com/blog/the-largest-owl-in-the-world-is-one-impressive-bird-but-theyre-disappearing", "http://www.livescience.com/38957-largest-owl-reveals-forest-health.html", "http://uniqworlds.blogspot.com/2011/05/5-worlds-largest-owl.html" ] }

[ "2.The Great Grey Owl. This is the largest bird of the owl, but very light weight, similar to the wedge-tailed eagles in Australia. 59-69cm, 800-1700g. In terms of length, the Great Grey Owl Eurasian Eagle Owl compete with and Blakiston's fish as the world's largest owl." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Posted: 11/21/2006 10:54:56 PM EDT. A Recce rifle is generally considered to be a carbine with a 16, high quality barrel, free-floated (often extended) rail, and some sort of optic. Info on the official configuration can be found here: Wiki Linky. ", "Noun. 1. recce-reconnaissance (by shortening). recco, reccy. reconnaissance, reconnaissance mission-the act of reconnoitring (especially to gain information about an enemy or potential enemy); an exchange of fire occurred on a reconnaissance mission. Translations", "The term 'recce' is also used in radio and television production. Other examples of later media borrowing from film includes wildtrack which, in film production, was sound recorded without pictures for use in post-production later. In the US the term site survey is commonly used with the same meaning. ", "The SEAL Recon Rifle is sometimes referred to as the Recce Rifle. When production of this rifle was turned over to NSWC-Crane, U.S. Army funding and concepts were apparently incorporated into the program (there is some confusion as to the exact events). On the other hand, trying to replicate a rifle exactly is a path that can lead to madness. Originally Posted by matt86 upon searching for what makes a recce a recce, Ive come up with an accurized 16 inch barrel what exactly does this mean?", "1 Our first visit in November was largely as a recce and investigation of possibilities. 2 During the recce, the helicopter would land on one of the islands used in aircraft bombing missions. 3 It's been a while since our last recce of the hardware sites. Example sentences. 1 Last August I was one of five Persians and four Westerners-three women and six men-who set off to recce a route by jeep through the deserts, mountains and ‘emptylands’ of north and north-east Iran. 2 We learned that shortly after the exercise started, they entered the area to recce the target.", "Recce /ˈrɛki/ is a military term that has been borrowed by media production in the United Kingdom and New Zealand, derived from reconnaissance in the noun sense and reconnoitre in the verb sense. It refers to a pre-filming visit to a location to work out its suitability for shooting, including access to necessary facilities and assessment of any potential lighting or sound issues, and is closely related to location scouting. The term 'recce' is also used in radio and television production. Other examples of later media borrowing from film includes wildtrack which, in film production, was sound recorded without pictures for use in post-production later", "recce ‎(third-person singular simple present recces, present participle recceing, simple past and past participle recced or recce'd or recceed). ( 1 Britain, Canada, military slang) Reconnoitre. ", "High Caliber's new Recce rifle.... This was an internet thread started by a friend -- I did not think I could say it all much better so, with his permission, I’ve used it to describe our 16 barreld RECCE model..... If there ever was a real Recce rifle, this one is it. Here are a couple of reasons why I feel this is the real life embodiment of the Crane Recce rifle: 1.) At it's core it uses a Douglas barrel. For those that don't know, the Douglas barrels are the actual ones currently used and bought by SOCOM for the MK 12 rifles", "I've kind of felt that over time now the term Recce gets tossed around to encompass more and more 16 carbines. I've seen on the net several times when people refer to what seems to be basic 16 guns as Recce's as if it's become a generic term for carbine. On the other hand, trying to replicate a rifle exactly is a path that can lead to madness. Originally Posted by matt86 upon searching for what makes a recce a recce, Ive come up with an accurized 16 inch barrel what exactly does this mean?" ], "url": [ "http://www.ar15.com/forums/t_3_118/303894_Pic_Request__Recce_style_rifles.html", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/recce", "http://www.definitions.net/definition/recce", "http://www.m4carbine.net/showthread.php?49721-recce-rifle", "http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/recce", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recce_(filmmaking)", "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/recce", "http://highcalibersales.com/reconnaissance-recce-upper.html", "http://www.m4carbine.net/showthread.php?49721-recce-rifle" ] }

[ "Recce /ˈrɛki/ is a military term that has been borrowed by media production in the United Kingdom and New Zealand, derived from reconnaissance in the noun sense and reconnoitre in the verb sense. It refers to a pre-filming visit to a location to work out its suitability for shooting, including access to necessary facilities and assessment of any potential lighting or sound issues, and is closely related to location scouting. The term 'recce' is also used in radio and television production. Other examples of later media borrowing from film includes wildtrack which, in film production, was sound recorded without pictures for use in post-production later" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Aquaculture -- also known as fish or shellfish farming -- refers to the breeding, rearing, and harvesting of plants and animals in all types of water environments including ponds, rivers, lakes, and the ocean.", "Best Answer: The term marine is most frequently associated with seas and oceans. It may thus reflect water that contains high salt concentration like as in seas and oceans. Marine portrays a deeper sense; much deeper than sea or ocean.", "A mere sea is a large stretch of salty water, but marine environment comprises the sea water fishes and other organisms that thrive in the depths of the water, totally lacking the warm touch of the sun.", "5. marine-native to or inhabiting the sea; marine plants and animals such as seaweed and whales. aquatic-operating or living or growing in water; boats are aquatic vehicles; water lilies are aquatic plants; fish are aquatic animals.", "Marine water is a term that is usually used to describe water that deals with the oceans or the sea. This water is at or near full salinity, or it contains the maximum amo … unt of salt that water is capable of containing.", "Rating Newest Oldest. Best Answer: The term marine is most frequently associated with seas and oceans. It may thus reflect water that contains high salt concentration like as in seas and oceans. Marine portrays a deeper sense; much deeper than sea or ocean.", "2 adj Marine is used to describe things relating to the sea or to the animals and plants that live in the sea. ADJ n. ...breeding grounds for marine life., ...research in marine biology.", "If the water temperature is too cold or too warm, marine life (creatures, like fish, and plants / coral) can die off as the temperatures are not suited for living in. Water th … at is too warm loses nutirents, and that can also cause marine life to decrease due to a shortage of food and nutrients." ], "url": [ "http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/aquaculture/what_is_aquaculture.html", "https://in.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100601082839AA5d60O", "https://in.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100601082839AA5d60O", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/marine", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Definition_of_marine_as_in_water", "https://in.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100601082839AA5d60O", "http://dictionary.reverso.net/english-cobuild/marine%20waters", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Definition_of_marine_as_in_water" ] }

[ "Marine water is a term that is usually used to describe water that deals with the oceans or the sea. This water is at or near full salinity, or it contains the maximum amo … unt of salt that water is capable of containing." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Distillation. Photo by: TMakotra. Distillation is a technique by which two or more substances with different boiling points can be separated from each other. For example, fresh water can be obtained from seawater (water that contains salts) by distillation. When seawater is heated, water turns into a vapor that can be condensed and captured.", "During evaporation, the substance changes from a liquid to a gas, with an example being water turning into water vapor. Distillation is a man-made process that uses two phase changes. First a liquid evaporates, and the formed vapors then condense back into liquids again.", "Definition: Distillation is the technique of heating a liquid to create vapor which is collected when cooled separate from the original liquid. Examples: Pure water can be separated from salt water through distillation. Salt water is boiled to create water steam, but the salt remains in the solution.", "Distillation Process. Distillation is a controlled process commonly used in chemistry to separate mixtures of liquids. The process includes boiling a liquid and then collecting the vapor as it cools and condenses back into liquid form. Boiling is similar to evaporation because both processes turn a liquid into a gas.", "A mixture of liquids with different boiling points like water and ethanol or crude oil which is a mixture of hydrocarbons. It can also be used to separate a solution into its … solvent and solute, for example salt solution (salt water) could be separated into water (solvent) and salt (solute).", "Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture into its component parts, or fractions, such as in separating chemical compound s by their boiling point by heating them to a temperature at which several fractions of the compound will evaporate.", "Familiar examples include the distillation of crude fermentation broths into alcoholic spirits such as gin and vodka, and the fractionation of crude oil into useful products such as gasoline and heating oil. In the organic lab, distillation is used for purifying solvents and liquid reaction products." ], "url": [ "http://www.scienceclarified.com/Di-El/Distillation.html", "http://education.seattlepi.com/examples-evaporation-distillation-5617.html", "http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryglossary/g/Distillation-Definition.htm", "http://classroom.synonym.com/examples-evaporation-distillation-23412.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_an_example_of_distillation", "http://www.edurite.com/kbase/examples-of-fractional-distillation", "http://www.chem.umass.edu/%7Esamal/269/distill.pdf" ] }

[ "Distillation. Photo by: TMakotra. Distillation is a technique by which two or more substances with different boiling points can be separated from each other. For example, fresh water can be obtained from seawater (water that contains salts) by distillation. When seawater is heated, water turns into a vapor that can be condensed and captured." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Hi Ben, The mechanicals in Midsummer Night's Dream are called that because, aside from being amateur actors, they are primarily a group of skilled manual laborers or artisans: Peter Quince, the carpenter. ", "One important point of significance of The Mechanicals in Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream is that they compound the underlying irony that forms the foundation for the entire play, irony and festive foolishness as is befitting of the Midsummer festival the play is named after. ", "(Answer #1). The role of the mechanicals is to support two of Shakespeare's central themes in A Midsummer Night's Dream. The two themes are the foolishness of mankind and reality vs. illusion. We especially see the mechanicals presenting the theme of foolishness in Puck's reaction to their rehearsal. The mechanicals also serve the role of portraying the theme illusion vs. reality. The mechanicals have an illusion of putting on a grand performance, but the reality is, as we see, that they are too uneducated and too unskilled.", "Robin Starveling (Tailor) - Originally cast in the role of Thisbe's mother, Starveling actually goes on to play the part of 'Moonshine', and creates one of the most humorous moments of A Midusmmer Night's Dream, when he attempts to portray the moon with a lantern. And yet another rival for Elizabeth's love, Francois Alencon may also be indicated by the character of Francis Flute. Of course, whether these men were really on Shakespeare's mind as he wrote A Midsummer Night's Dream, we'll never know.", "1 The Mechanicals in A Midsummer Night’s Dream are a group of craftsmen who have been chosen to perform a play at the wedding of Theseus and Hippolyta. Mechanicals. 1 The Mechanicals in A Midsummer Night’s Dream are a group of craftsmen who have been chosen to perform a play at the wedding of Theseus and Hippolyta.", "'Rude Mechanicals' isn't just a cool name for a band. In fact, the phrase refers to a specific group of characters in Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream. The rude mechanicals are skilled laborers, or craftsmen, from Athens who want to put on a play for the city's royalty. There are six members in this group. The rude mechanicals enter to perform their play. Because this play is happening within a larger play (A Midsummer Night's Dream), this is called a play-within-a-play. Thanks to Bottom's 'improvements,' the play is a long, overdramatic mess.", "All three strands of A Midsummer Night's Dream's plot are humorous and, often, ridiculous. However, the foolish Rude Mechanicals with their bastardisation of Pyramus and Thisbe really do take the cake. What's really unusual about the Mechanicals is that they're incredibly dense. And yet another rival for Elizabeth's love, Francois Alencon may also be indicated by the character of Francis Flute. Of course, whether these men were really on Shakespeare's mind as he wrote A Midsummer Night's Dream, we'll never know.", "William Shakespeare has purposely chosen to have the ‘rude mechanicals’ perform Pyramus and Thisbe within his play of A Midsummer Night’s Dream for a comedic effect as they are characters which both a modern day audience and an Elizabethan audience would laugh at rather than laugh with. It can be argued that Shakespeare is mocking his own profession through choosing the mechanicals to perform Pyramus and Thisbe. Shakespeare makes a mockery of the lower class Elizabethans, in a light-hearted way, through the use of the ‘rude mechanicals’.", "The members of the group are Quince, the carpenter; Snug, the joiner; Bottom, the weaver; Flute, the bellows-mender; Snout, the tinker; and Starveling the tailor. Because the rude mechanicals' play happens inside of a bigger play (A Midsummer Night's Dream), it is called a play-within-a-play. The rude mechanicals enter to perform their play. Because this play is happening within a larger play (A Midsummer Night's Dream), this is called a play-within-a-play. Thanks to Bottom's 'improvements,' the play is a long, overdramatic mess." ], "url": [ "http://en.allexperts.com/q/Shakespeare-3004/2008/4/Mechanicals.htm", "http://www.enotes.com/homework-help/significance-mechanicals-characerts-lower-order-275479", "http://www.enotes.com/homework-help/role-mechanicals-midsummers-night-dream-294580", "http://whatsitallaboutshakespeare.blogspot.com/2012/09/the-role-of-rude-mechanicals-in.html", "https://zinnymann.wordpress.com/mechanicals/", "http://study.com/academy/lesson/rude-mechanicals-in-shakespeares-a-midsummer-nights-dream.html", "http://whatsitallaboutshakespeare.blogspot.com/2012/09/the-role-of-rude-mechanicals-in.html", "http://www.studymode.com/essays/Midsummer-Night's-Dream-47042643.html", "http://study.com/academy/lesson/rude-mechanicals-in-shakespeares-a-midsummer-nights-dream.html" ] }

[ "Hi Ben, The mechanicals in Midsummer Night's Dream are called that because, aside from being amateur actors, they are primarily a group of skilled manual laborers or artisans: Peter Quince, the carpenter. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The unicorn is a legendary animal that has been described since antiquity as a beast with a large, pointed, spiraling horn projecting from its forehead. Golden coins known as the unicorn and half-unicorn, both with a unicorn on the obverse, were used in Scotland in the 15th and 16th century. In the same realm, carved unicorns were often used as finials on the pillars of Mercat crosses, and denoted that the settlement was a royal burgh.", "The oryx is an antelope with two long, thin horns projecting from its forehead. Some have suggested that seen from the side and from a distance, the oryx looks something like a horse with a single horn (although the 'horn' projects backward, not forward as in the classic unicorn). Golden coins known as the unicorn and half-unicorn, both with a unicorn on the obverse, were used in Scotland in the 15th and 16th century. In the same realm, carved unicorns were often used as finials on the pillars of Mercat crosses, and denoted that the settlement was a royal burgh.", "Report Abuse. There are stories about unicorns from all over the world. Some people believe that they are real, and some that they are myth. Those who believe they are real, think they are not related to horses, but more to goats. You can find many pictures of unicorns in medieval tapestries. By the middle ages, they had come to symbolize purity and virginity. ", "In heraldry, a unicorn is often depicted as a horse with a goat's cloven hooves and beard, a lion's tail, and a slender, spiral horn on its forehead (non-equine attributes may be replaced with equine ones, as can be seen from the following gallery). Golden coins known as the unicorn and half-unicorn, both with a unicorn on the obverse, were used in Scotland in the 15th and 16th century. In the same realm, carved unicorns were often used as finials on the pillars of Mercat crosses, and denoted that the settlement was a royal burgh.", "There is a lot of debate about the reality of the elusive unicorn & there are a lot of believers out there. This is an elusive creature said to possess great powers and pureness, & interestingly enough they have a presence in the mythology of many independent cultures around the world. The white horse we think of as a unicorn today is not necessarily the same animal that emerged from Chinese folklore where stories of its existence began 5000 years ago.", "The truth is, unlike almost every single other mythical creature, the unicorn does not appear anywhere in any culture's actual mythology. That is to say, plenty of Greek scholars believed that unicorns existed, but the unicorn itself does not come from Greek mythology. There are no tales of gods riding unicorns or legends of unicorns fighting monsters. To put it simply, there is no such thing as 'unicorn mythology'. Greek scholars actually believed that this creature was real, and that it made its home in India. At the time, India was a little known distant land that seemed magical and mysterious to the ancient Greeks and Romans. It's interesting because the myth of the existence of unicorns is so widespread, that even if we assume that the carvings explain where unicorn myths came from, it still doesn't explain why they continued for so long. Notice that I haven't even described what a unicorn is.", "Unicorn means 'one horn'. Most often unicorns are depicted as a white horse-like creature with a single horn growing from its forehead. Sometimes unicorns are depicted as a deer, ass or goat with a single horn. The horn is often depicted as long and straight, marked with spiral striations along its length", "In European folklore, the unicorn is often depicted as a white horse-like or goat-like animal with a long horn and cloven hooves (sometimes a goat's beard). Golden coins known as the unicorn and half-unicorn, both with a unicorn on the obverse, were used in Scotland in the 15th and 16th century. In the same realm, carved unicorns were often used as finials on the pillars of Mercat crosses, and denoted that the settlement was a royal burgh." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicorn", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicorn", "https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070901134414AA4GQYz", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicorn", "http://www.theequinest.com/a-brief-history-of-the-unicorn/", "http://www.gods-and-monsters.com/unicorn-myths.html", "http://horses.about.com/od/HorseMythsHistoryLegendsLore/a/Are-Unicorns-Real.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicorn" ] }

[ "The truth is, unlike almost every single other mythical creature, the unicorn does not appear anywhere in any culture's actual mythology. That is to say, plenty of Greek scholars believed that unicorns existed, but the unicorn itself does not come from Greek mythology. There are no tales of gods riding unicorns or legends of unicorns fighting monsters. To put it simply, there is no such thing as 'unicorn mythology'. Greek scholars actually believed that this creature was real, and that it made its home in India. At the time, India was a little known distant land that seemed magical and mysterious to the ancient Greeks and Romans. It's interesting because the myth of the existence of unicorns is so widespread, that even if we assume that the carvings explain where unicorn myths came from, it still doesn't explain why they continued for so long. Notice that I haven't even described what a unicorn is." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The word for Pizza in Italian is Pizza much like the word for Pasta in Italian is Pasta. They are both words that have adopted the same translation internationally. There ar … e other words that are both the same in Italian and English and in many cases the same in any language. The Italians only made a type of pizza which had been the first cheese pizza that was inspired by China when Marco Polo returned to Naples and they called it 'neapolitan pizza'. Then Sicily invented the 'sicilian pizza' and that's when pizza became famous to the world.", "Like the rest of Italian food, Italian pizza is best—and most authentic—when it’s made with fresh, local ingredients, especially any that are DOP (You can read a full explanation of this wonderful little term in our blog about DOP foods). The most important part is getting the Italian pizza dough right! More than just the base of the pizza, the dough is what gives the pizza its texture, holds together the flavors, and—if done right—can make you feel like you’ve been transported right back to Italy.", "Pizza is an Italian loan word in English. Specifically, the Italian word is a feminine noun. Its singular definite article la means the.. Its singular indefinite article una means a, one.. The Italians only made a type of pizza which had been the first cheese pizza that was inspired by China when Marco Polo returned to Naples and they called it 'neapolitan pizza'. Then Sicily invented the 'sicilian pizza' and that's when pizza became famous to the world.", "Pizza (English /ˈpiːtsə/ ; [ˈpittsa]) is a flatbread generally topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven. It is commonly topped with a selection of meats, vegetables and condiments. The term was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from Gaeta in Central Italy. Modern pizza evolved from similar flatbread dishes in Naples, Italy in the 18th or early 19th century. Prior to that time, flatbread was often topped with ingredients such as garlic, salt, lard, cheese, and basil. It is uncertain when tomatoes were first added and there are many conflicting claims.", "Article by Linda Stradley, copyrighted 2004. Pizza is a baked pie of Italian origin consisting of a shallow bread-like crust covered with seasoned tomato sauce, cheese, and often other toppings such as sausage or olive. 1943 - A pizza with a flaky crust that rises an inch or more above the plate and surrounds deep piles of toppings. It is said that this pizza was created by Ike Sewell at his bar and grill called Pizzeria Uno.", "In 2009, upon Italy 's request, Neapolitan pizza was safeguarded in the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish. The Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana (the True Neapolitan Pizza Association) is a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples. Modern pizza evolved from similar flatbread dishes in Naples, Italy in the 18th or early 19th century. Prior to that time, flatbread was often topped with ingredients such as garlic, salt, lard, cheese, and basil. It is uncertain when tomatoes were first added and there are many conflicting claims.", "August 13, 2014 by: Dictionary.com 4 Comments. The word pizza is Italian for pie, but how that word wound up in Italian boggles etymologists. It may have come from the Latin pix meaning “pitch” or Greek pitta, but others say that it originated in a Langobardic word bizzo meaning “bite.”. ", "The word pizza was first documented in 997 AD in Gaeta, Italy, and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy. The precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flat bread known to the Romans as panis focacius, to which toppings were then added. Pizza is now a type of bread and tomato dish, often served with cheese. However, until the late nineteenth or early twentieth century, the dish was sweet, not savory, and earlier versions which were savory more resembled the flat breads now known as schiacciata.", "The origin of the word pizza is uncertain. The term pizza first appeared in a Latin text from the southern Italian town of Gaeta in 997 AD, which states that a tenant of certain property is to give the bishop of Gaeta duodecim pizze (twelve pizzas) every Christmas Day, and another twelve every Easter Sunday. Modern pizza evolved from similar flatbread dishes in Naples, Italy in the 18th or early 19th century. Prior to that time, flatbread was often topped with ingredients such as garlic, salt, lard, cheese, and basil. It is uncertain when tomatoes were first added and there are many conflicting claims." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_%27pizza%27_in_Italian", "https://www.walksofitaly.com/blog/food-and-wine/italian-pizza-dough-recipe", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_%27pizza%27_in_Italian", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza", "http://whatscookingamerica.net/History/Pizza/PizzaHistory.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza", "http://blog.dictionary.com/whats-the-origin-of-pizza/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_pizza", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza" ] }

[ "Pizza (English /ˈpiːtsə/ ; [ˈpittsa]) is a flatbread generally topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven. It is commonly topped with a selection of meats, vegetables and condiments. The term was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from Gaeta in Central Italy. Modern pizza evolved from similar flatbread dishes in Naples, Italy in the 18th or early 19th century. Prior to that time, flatbread was often topped with ingredients such as garlic, salt, lard, cheese, and basil. It is uncertain when tomatoes were first added and there are many conflicting claims." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Employment of elevator installers and repairers is projected to grow 25 percent from 2012 to 2022, much faster than the average for all occupations. However, because it is a small occupation, the fast growth will result in only about 4,800 new jobs over the 10-year period. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $39,540, and the top 10 percent earned more than $106,450. The starting pay for apprentices is usually 50 percent of what fully trained elevator installers and repairers make.", "Elevator technicians earn one of the best salaries around. Even a starting apprentice can make as much as $65,000. And you can apply right out of high school!Jennifer Westhoven strapped on a hard hat and safety goggles to go on the job with a technician from the Schindler Elevator company. Want to learn more? ", "Statewide. California's elevator technicians made an average of $43.51 per hour, as of May 2010. Those who worked full 40-hour weeks received an average of $90,510 annually. This exceeds the national average of $33.66 per hour, or $70,010 per year, by more than 29 percent. California ranked as the fifth highest-paying state for elevator technicians, after New Hampshire, Maine, Nevada and Michigan.", "For anyone considering whether and how to become an Elevator Mechanic, Elevator Technician, or Elevator Installer, these can be great career choices for people with an eye for detail and who are interested in providing maintenance and repairs to elevators and related equipment. To become an elevator mechanic with a nice salary, training or even certification is needed. Read on to find a list of Elevator Mechanic certificate and degree programs online or near you. Elevators are very important in many commercial and residential settings. They often need periodic maintenance and repair.", "Elevator Mechanics with a lot of experience tend to enjoy higher earnings. Survey participants with less than five years' experience pocket $52K on average, but those with five to 10 years of experience enjoy a much bigger median of $76K. People with 10 to 20 years of experience make an average of about $83K in this role. Men represent the vast majority of Elevator Mechanics in the United States. People in this role can earn an average of $34.67 per hour nationwide.", "As of this year, Elevator Technicians with 1 to 4 years experience earn an average hourly rate/ salary between $17.56 and $30.67. Those with 5 to 9 years experience can earn an average hourly rate/ salary between $24.11 and $36.10 (2). To become an elevator mechanic with a nice salary, training or even certification is needed. Read on to find a list of Elevator Mechanic certificate and degree programs online or near you. Elevators are very important in many commercial and residential settings. They often need periodic maintenance and repair.", "For example the median expected annual pay for a typical Elevator Installer/Repairer in the United States is $67,756 so 50% of the people who perform the job of Elevator Installer/Repairer in the United States are expected to make less than $67,756. Source: HR Reported data as of October 2015. Median $67,756. The annual salary for someone with the job title Elevator Installer/Repairer may vary depending on a number of factors including industry, company size, location, years of experience and level of education.", "In Los Angeles, Long Beach and Glendale, elevator technicians earned an average of $41.77 per hour ($86,890 per year). Wages for technicians in the greater Los Angeles area exceeded the nationwide average by 24 percent. Those who worked full 40-hour weeks received an average of $90,510 annually. This exceeds the national average of $33.66 per hour, or $70,010 per year, by more than 29 percent. California ranked as the fifth highest-paying state for elevator technicians, after New Hampshire, Maine, Nevada and Michigan.", "Elevator technicians in Sacramento, Roseville and Arden Arcade made an average of $48.57 per hour ($101,030 per year). Technicians in the greater Sacramento area earned 44 percent more than the national average, making them the highest-paid technicians working in U.S. cities. Those who worked full 40-hour weeks received an average of $90,510 annually. This exceeds the national average of $33.66 per hour, or $70,010 per year, by more than 29 percent. California ranked as the fifth highest-paying state for elevator technicians, after New Hampshire, Maine, Nevada and Michigan." ], "url": [ "http://www.bls.gov/ooh/Construction-and-Extraction/Elevator-installers-and-repairers.htm", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gyiZwxjQBHk", "http://www.ehow.com/info_12011066_much-money-elevator-technician-make-california.html", "http://collegemouse.com/jobs/how-to-become-an-elevator-mechanic.html", "http://www.payscale.com/research/US/Job=Elevator_Mechanic/Hourly_Rate", "http://collegemouse.com/jobs/how-to-become-an-elevator-mechanic.html", "http://www1.salary.com/Elevator-Installer-Repairer-salary.html", "http://www.ehow.com/info_12011066_much-money-elevator-technician-make-california.html", "http://www.ehow.com/info_12011066_much-money-elevator-technician-make-california.html" ] }

[ "Elevator technicians earn one of the best salaries around. Even a starting apprentice can make as much as $65,000. And you can apply right out of high school!Jennifer Westhoven strapped on a hard hat and safety goggles to go on the job with a technician from the Schindler Elevator company. Want to learn more? " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 The discounted “Metered Mail” category for First Class Mail Letters (1 oz.), which includes online postage providers and postage meters, will increase from $0.48 to $0.485 in 2015. 2 First Class Flats (1 oz.) will stay the same at $0.98 in 2015. 3 Each additional ounce will cost $0.22 (up one cent from 2014). 1 First Class Package Service will see an increase of 5.1% in 2015. 2 Commercial Base (online postage) rates will start at $2.04 (1 oz.), up $0.11 compared to 2014. 3 Priority Mail rates are NOT INCREASING in 2015. 4 Commercial Base (online postage) rates will continue to start at $5.05", "Use the table below to find how much postage to Mexico costs. Our website is up to date with the current cost of postage and gives you the latest and most recent price of postal services. We have designed our site so that it is easy to look up postal rates quickly. ", "The U.S. Postal Service has announced a postage rate increase for select mail classes and services for 2015. The new postage rates will start on Sunday, April 26, 2015. First Class Letters & Postcards. The cost to send a one ounce First Class Letter will NOT BE INCREASING and will remain $0.49. Additional ounces will cost $0.22, a one cent increase from 2014. Postcard rates will increase by one cent to $0.35, from $0.34 in 2014. If you print postage online or use a postage meter, the “Metered Mail” rate for a one ounce First Class Letter will be increasing by $0.005 to $0.485 from $0.48. The Metered Mail rate is a discount provided to users who print postage online and through a postage meter", "Any extra ounce(s) are subject to a fee of $0.22 per added ounce as of May 31st, 2015 (previously $0.21 per oz). Another prior rise in rates occurred January 27, 2013 when the price of a first class letter sent through the United States Post Office went up $0.01 to $0.46.", "Letters destined for Canada and Mexico-for the (1) ounce first class letter cost $1.20 as of May 31st, 2015 that was a 5 cent hike from $1.15 effective January 26 `014 with the global forever stamp (then applying to all international destinations forward). Another prior rise in rates occurred January 27, 2013 when the price of a first class letter sent through the United States Post Office went up $0.01 to $0.46.", "1 Each additional ounce will cost $0.22 (up one cent from 2014). 2 The discounted “Metered Mail” category for First Class Mail Letters (1 oz.), which includes online postage providers and postage meters, will increase from $0.48 to $0.485 in 2015. 1 First Class Package Service will see an increase of 5.1% in 2015. 2 Commercial Base (online postage) rates will start at $2.04 (1 oz.), up $0.11 compared to 2014. 3 Priority Mail rates are NOT INCREASING in 2015. 4 Commercial Base (online postage) rates will continue to start at $5.0", "Summary of the 2015 Postage Rate Increase: 1 First Class Mail Letters (1 oz.) will remain the same at $0.49 when purchased at the Post Office. 2 Each additional ounce will cost $0.22 (up one cent from 2014). 1 First Class Package Service will see an increase of 5.1% in 2015. 2 Commercial Base (online postage) rates will start at $2.04 (1 oz.), up $0.11 compared to 2014. 3 Priority Mail rates are NOT INCREASING in 2015. 4 Commercial Base (online postage) rates will continue to start at $5.05", "Price of a Stamp. The current price of a first class stamp is 49 cents. A domestic first class letter (1 oz.) is 49 cents. The price of each additional ounce is 21 cents. It will cost you 34 cents to send a domestic postcard" ], "url": [ "http://www.stamps.com/usps/postage-rate-increase/", "http://www.currentpostagerates.org/", "http://blog.stamps.com/2015/03/04/usps-announces-postage-rate-increase-starts-april-26-2015/", "http://www.costhowmuch.com/ps/current-postage-stamp.htm", "http://www.costhowmuch.com/ps/current-postage-stamp.htm", "http://www.stamps.com/usps/postage-rate-increase/", "http://www.stamps.com/usps/postage-rate-increase/", "http://priceofstamp.com/" ] }

[ "1 The discounted “Metered Mail” category for First Class Mail Letters (1 oz.), which includes online postage providers and postage meters, will increase from $0.48 to $0.485 in 2015. 2 First Class Flats (1 oz.) will stay the same at $0.98 in 2015. 3 Each additional ounce will cost $0.22 (up one cent from 2014). 1 First Class Package Service will see an increase of 5.1% in 2015. 2 Commercial Base (online postage) rates will start at $2.04 (1 oz.), up $0.11 compared to 2014. 3 Priority Mail rates are NOT INCREASING in 2015. 4 Commercial Base (online postage) rates will continue to start at $5.05", "1 Each additional ounce will cost $0.22 (up one cent from 2014). 2 The discounted “Metered Mail” category for First Class Mail Letters (1 oz.), which includes online postage providers and postage meters, will increase from $0.48 to $0.485 in 2015. 1 First Class Package Service will see an increase of 5.1% in 2015. 2 Commercial Base (online postage) rates will start at $2.04 (1 oz.), up $0.11 compared to 2014. 3 Priority Mail rates are NOT INCREASING in 2015. 4 Commercial Base (online postage) rates will continue to start at $5.0", "Summary of the 2015 Postage Rate Increase: 1 First Class Mail Letters (1 oz.) will remain the same at $0.49 when purchased at the Post Office. 2 Each additional ounce will cost $0.22 (up one cent from 2014). 1 First Class Package Service will see an increase of 5.1% in 2015. 2 Commercial Base (online postage) rates will start at $2.04 (1 oz.), up $0.11 compared to 2014. 3 Priority Mail rates are NOT INCREASING in 2015. 4 Commercial Base (online postage) rates will continue to start at $5.05" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Get help from a doctor now ›. Depends: It really depends on the reason why your abdomen is protruding. Some causes of a protruding abdomen can be quite serious and need to be evaluated by a doctor. Sometimes an abdomen protrudes from a hernia, which may need to be repaired surgically. If the protrusion is from constipation, this should resolve once the constipation resolves. ...Read more. Get help from a doctor now ›. See your doctor: If the shunt is protruding out of the abdomen and you can see it, you need to have it addressed by your neurosurgeon right away. If you are saying that you can see the shunt tubing under the skin traveling from the head down to the abdomen, that is normal.", "RE: what causes a protruding stomach? my upper part of my stomach has been protruding for the last six months but not so much the bottom. It NEVER did this and no im not pregnant. any ideas on what this could be?? ", "A swollen abdomen occurs when your stomach area is larger than normal. This is sometimes called a distended abdomen or swollen belly. A swollen abdomen has a number of potential causes, and it is a common occurrence. If your abdomen is swollen because of gas, try avoiding foods that are known to cause gas, such as beans and cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and cabbage. Avoid drinking carbonated drinks and drinking out of a straw.", "The chest and the abdomen are separated by a large muscle called the diaphragm, the major breathing muscle. The upper part of the esophagus (food pipe) which is in the chest passes through the opening of the hiatus, leading into the stomach, located in the abdominal cavity. Definition. Hiatal hernia is a condition where a portion of the stomach pushes into the chest through the hiatus (an opening in the diaphragm). This is generally seen in older and/or obese people. Normally the esophagus runs through the chest to join with the stomach", "Large fontanel in children and Protruding abdomen. 1 Large fontanel in children AND Protruding abdomen-Causes of All Symptoms. 2 Large fontanel in children OR Protruding abdomen - 54 causes. 1 Large fontanel in children AND Protruding abdomen: Causes of All Symptoms. 2 Large fontanel in children OR Protruding abdomen: 54 causes. 3 Large fontanel in children: Causes. 4 Large fontanel in children: Introduction.", "Common Causes: Protruding abdomen. Some of the possible common medical causes of Protruding abdomen may include: 1 Normal child-the stomach of a child protrudes more than adults. 2 Gas. 3 Swallowed air. Conditions listing medical symptoms: Protruding abdomen: The following list of conditions have ' Protruding abdomen ' or similar listed as a symptom in our database. This computer-generated list may be inaccurate or incomplete. Always seek prompt professional medical advice about the cause of any symptom.", "Other Causes: Protruding abdomen. Some of the less common causes of Protruding abdomen may include: 1 Constipation. 2 Chronic constipation. 3 Poor muscle tone. 4 Poor muscle tone after childbirth. 5 Lactose intolerance. 6 Food allergies. 7 Food intolerances. 8 Pregnancy. Conditions listing medical symptoms: Protruding abdomen: The following list of conditions have ' Protruding abdomen ' or similar listed as a symptom in our database. This computer-generated list may be inaccurate or incomplete. Always seek prompt professional medical advice about the cause of any symptom.", "As a result of this abdominal muscle separation, the underlying tissue protrudes throught the tear and causes a bulge. This is a fairly common occurence in pregnant women as well as newborns, but may also be present in men with large amounts of internal abdominal fat. A National Academy of Sports Medicine answered. A protruding bulge in the upper abdominal region could signify a number of different conditions, therefore it is important to see a qualified medical professional in order to rule out any serious health risks.", "Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder that causes cramping and pain in your stomach, among other symptoms. IBS can also cause bloating and gas, which could cause you to have a distended abdomen. If your abdomen is swollen because of gas, try avoiding foods that are known to cause gas, such as beans and cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and cabbage. Avoid drinking carbonated drinks and drinking out of a straw." ], "url": [ "https://www.healthtap.com/topics/protruding-abdomen-in-men", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090525215227AA97UTu", "http://www.healthline.com/symptom/abdominal-swelling", "http://www.phaa.com/hiatal-hernia-stomach-protruding-into-chest.htm", "http://symptoms.rightdiagnosis.com/cosymptoms/large-fontanel-in-children/protruding-abdomen.htm", "http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/symptoms/protruding_abdomen/causes.htm", "http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/symptoms/protruding_abdomen/causes.htm", "https://www.sharecare.com/health/fertility-pregnancy-childbirth/causes-protruding-bulge-upper-abs", "http://www.healthline.com/symptom/abdominal-swelling" ] }

[ "Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder that causes cramping and pain in your stomach, among other symptoms. IBS can also cause bloating and gas, which could cause you to have a distended abdomen. If your abdomen is swollen because of gas, try avoiding foods that are known to cause gas, such as beans and cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and cabbage. Avoid drinking carbonated drinks and drinking out of a straw." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The length of time it takes to make a disability determination depends on a broad range of variables, including how many times you have to go through the disability process (initial claim, reconsideration, and hearing). If your initial disability application is denied, you must appeal your denial by filing a request for reconsideration appeal. Your reconsideration appeal takes about sixty days to receive a decision.", "When a claim for Social Security disability benefits is denied at the initial level, you may request reconsideration. Your case is sent to a different disability examiner for a new decision. Unfortunately, about 85-90% of the time the reconsideration decision is the same as the initial decision — a denial. ", "Each level of the process takes time and there is no guarantee that you will be approved on your first claim. Average decision waits at each level For instance, it takes anywhere from thirty to ninety days to get a decision on your initial disability claim. If your initial disability application is denied, you must appeal your denial by filing a request for reconsideration appeal. Your reconsideration appeal takes about sixty days to receive a decision.", "It normally takes between three to six months for a Social Security Disability applicant to receive a decision on their initial application. The exception to this rule is those applicants who qualify for Social Security's Compassionate Allowance program. The Disability Determination Services only approves approximately 37 percent of the initial Social Security Disability applications received by the SSA. The remaining 63 percent of applicants are denied benefits. Many of those denied applicants go on to appeal the decision made by the Disability Determination Services.", "The Initial Claim. Social Security advises that it may take up to 180 days to issue a decision on a Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI or SSD) or SSI claim. That being said, the average length of time it typically takes to receive a decision on your disability claim is from three to five months.", "A: Social Security will likely advise you that it will try to issue an initial determination or decision in your claim within 180 days from the time you file your application. That is the equivalent of approximately 6 months! ", "Since I'm not sure whether you mean a review of your initial disability application or a continuing disability review (after you've been receiving benefits), I'll cover both. Initial disability application. In most cases it takes three to five months for you to receive a decision on disability application. If your initial application is denied, you can apply for what is called reconsideration.", "The question of how long it takes to get a decision on a Social Security Disability or SSI benefit claim is not easy to answer, for several reasons. Social Security Disability and SSI cases can be won in as little as 30 days, or take as long as two years for benefits to be awarded. There is simply no way to predict how long a case will take because, unlike other programs (Department of Social Services, for instance), the federal disability program does not have deadlines for applications or appeals.", "The average amount of time it takes to receive a decision after filing for SSD benefits, also referred to as SSDI (Social Security Disability Insurance) benefits is about 120 days, or approximately three months. ", "On average, though, a decision for an initial disability claim takes three to four months, and a reconsideration (the first level of appeal) takes about as long, though a case could be decided much sooner or much later. There is simply no way to predict how long a case will take because, unlike other programs (Department of Social Services, for instance), the federal disability program does not have deadlines for applications or appeals." ], "url": [ "http://www.ssdrc.com/disabilityquestions1-20.html", "http://haller-law.com/faq", "http://www.ssdrc.com/disabilityquestions1-20.html", "http://www.disabilitybenefitscenter.org/social-security-disability-application-process/initial", "http://www.nickortizlaw.com/frequently-asked-questions/how-long-does-it-take-to-receive-an-approval-or-denial-decision-on-a-disability-claim/", "http://www.nickortizlaw.com/frequently-asked-questions/how-long-does-it-take-for-a-decision-on-social-security-disability-application-for-benefits/", "http://www.disabilitylawyers.com/resources/disability/ssdi/how-long-will-take-get-social-security-disability", "http://www.disabilitysecrets.com/question6.html", "http://www.ssdrc.com/disabilityquestions4-52.html", "http://www.disabilitysecrets.com/question6.html" ] }

[ "The question of how long it takes to get a decision on a Social Security Disability or SSI benefit claim is not easy to answer, for several reasons. Social Security Disability and SSI cases can be won in as little as 30 days, or take as long as two years for benefits to be awarded. There is simply no way to predict how long a case will take because, unlike other programs (Department of Social Services, for instance), the federal disability program does not have deadlines for applications or appeals." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Measuring Average or Central Tendency in Excel. Mathematically, there are a number of ways of measuring central tendency or, as it is more commonly called, the average for a set of values. These methods include the arithmetic mean, the median, and the mode. The most commonly calculated measure of central tendency is the arithmetic mean-or simple average-and it is calculated by adding a group of numbers together and then dividing by the count of those numbers. For example, the average of 2, 3, 3, 5, 7, and 10 is 30 divided by 6, which is 5.", "An average is just one measure of central tendency for any set of data. Another measure is a median. For our wage data, the median wage (or net compensation) is the wage in the middle.. That is, half of the workers earned below this level. The table below shows that the median wage is substantially less than the average wage.", "1 If it is required to use a single number as a typical value for a set of known numbers, then the arithmetic mean of the numbers does this best, in the sense of minimizing the sum of squared deviations from the typical value: the sum of. 1 If numbers have mean, then. 2 Since is the distance from a given number to the mean, one way to interpret this property is as saying that the numbers to the left of the mean are balanced by the numbers to the right of the mean.", "Averaging adds up property prices in a list and divides by the number of properties. The median price is the figure in the middle of a range of numbers arranged from lowest to highest. So, if you have 11 properties, the median price would be the price of the 6th property from lowest to highest. There will be five properties below it in value and five properties above it in value. Median and average prices can be quite similar if the prices form an even range from high to low", "For example, the average of 2, 3, 3, 5, 7, and 10 is 30 divided by 6, which is 5. Median, which is the middle number of a group of numbers; that is, half the numbers have values that are greater than the median, and half the numbers have values that are less than the median. ", "In the case of the median,it is the middle number in a group of numbers. Half the numbers have values that are greater than the median, and half the numbers have values that are less than the median. For example, the median for the range: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 is 4. To make it easier to measure central tendency, Excel has a number of functions that will calculate the more commonly used average values. These include: 1 The MEDIAN function-finds the median or middle value in a list of numbers. ", "Average check is the average amount of consumption of one customer. It is computed as: Average check = Total sales / Total covers. The average check is expected to increase when menu prices increase and when the servers exert more efforts in the menu merchandising. * but for new restaurants without sales figures yet,one can roughly estimate the average check based on the average price of dishes.", "Median. To calculate the median, you will first have to order the data from lowest to highest. The median is the number exactly in the middle. If the sample size, n, is even, then the median is the average of the two middle numbers. Definition: The median is that number for which half the data is larger than it, and half the data is smaller", "20. 23. 26. Since there is an even number of observations (12), the median is exactly in between the 6th and 7th ordered numbers, or, the average of 10 and 10. The median is 10.0 minutes. Half of the time, the sample wait was more than 10 minutes, and half of the time it was less. To calculate the median, you will first have to order the data from lowest to highest. The median is the number exactly in the middle. If the sample size, n, is even, then the median is the average of the two middle numbers." ], "url": [ "http://spreadsheets.about.com/od/excelstatisticalfunctions/ss/Finding-the-Average-Value-with-Excels-AVERAGE-Function.htm", "http://www.ssa.gov/OACT/COLA/central.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic_mean", "http://www.domain.com.au/news/what-are-median-property-prices-20100524-w7aw/", "https://support.office.com/en-us/article/AVERAGE-function-047BAC88-D466-426C-A32B-8F33EB960CF6", "http://spreadsheets.about.com/od/excelstatisticalfunctions/ss/Finding-Average-Values-with-Excels-AVERAGE-Function.htm", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_meaning_of_average_check_in_measuring_menu_strength", "http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/economic/friedman/MEANMEDIANEXCEL.htm", "http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/economic/friedman/MEANMEDIANEXCEL.htm" ] }

[ "Average check is the average amount of consumption of one customer. It is computed as: Average check = Total sales / Total covers. The average check is expected to increase when menu prices increase and when the servers exert more efforts in the menu merchandising. * but for new restaurants without sales figures yet,one can roughly estimate the average check based on the average price of dishes." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Coca-Cola is a carbonated soft drink. It is produced by The Coca-Cola Company of Atlanta, Georgia, and is often referred to simply as Coke (a registered trademark of The Coca-Cola Company in the United States since March 27, 1944). Pemberton called for five ounces of coca leaf per gallon of syrup, a significant dose; in 1891, Candler claimed his formula (altered extensively from Pemberton's original) contained only a tenth of this amount. Coca-Cola once contained an estimated nine milligrams of cocaine per glass. In 1903, it was removed.", "The first Coca-Cola recipe was invented in a drugstore in Columbus, Georgia by John Pemberton, originally as a cocawine called Pemberton's French Wine Coca in 1885. He may h … ave been inspired by the formidable success of Vin Mariani, a European cocawine. Dr. John S. Pemberton invented Coca-Cola in Atlanta, Georgia, 1886. Frank Robinson, his bookkeeper, came up with the name Coca Cola and created the now famous logo in his o … wn handwriting.", "The first Coca-Cola recipe was invented in a drugstore in Columbus, Georgia by John Pemberton, originally as a cocawine called Pemberton's French Wine Coca in 1885. He may h … ave been inspired by the formidable success of Vin Mariani, a European cocawine. Coca Cola was invented in the late 1800's by a pharmacist named John Pemberton in Columbus, Ga. I live here in Columbus, Ga and they still have the house he invented Coca Cola … in downtown in our historci district. I've been to it myself on field trips when I was younger. Hope this helps you.", "Coca-Cola History. Coca-Cola history began in 1886 when the curiosity of an Atlanta pharmacist, Dr. John S. Pemberton, led him to create a distinctive tasting soft drink that could be sold at soda fountains. The first servings of Coca‑Cola were sold for 5 cents per glass. During the first year, sales averaged a modest nine servings per day in Atlanta. Today, daily servings of Coca‑Cola beverages are estimated at 1.9 billion globally.", "About Us. Coca-Cola history began in 1886 when the curiosity of an Atlanta pharmacist, Dr. John S. Pemberton, led him to create a distinctive tasting soft drink that could be sold at soda fountains. The first servings of Coca‑Cola were sold for 5 cents per glass. During the first year, sales averaged a modest nine servings per day in Atlanta. Today, daily servings of Coca‑Cola beverages are estimated at 1.9 billion globally.", "The Coca-Cola Company has, on occasion, introduced other cola drinks under the Coke brand name. The most common of these is Diet Coke, with others including Caffeine-Free Coca-Cola, Diet Coke Caffeine-Free, Coca-Cola Cherry, Coca-Cola Zero, Coca-Cola Vanilla, and special versions with lemon, lime, or coffee. Pemberton called for five ounces of coca leaf per gallon of syrup, a significant dose; in 1891, Candler claimed his formula (altered extensively from Pemberton's original) contained only a tenth of this amount. Coca-Cola once contained an estimated nine milligrams of cocaine per glass. In 1903, it was removed.", "Coca Cola was invented in the late 1800's by a pharmacist named John Pemberton in Columbus, Ga. I live here in Columbus, Ga and they still have the house he invented Coca Cola … in downtown in our historci district. I've been to it myself on field trips when I was younger. Hope this helps you. Dr. John S. Pemberton invented Coca-Cola in Atlanta, Georgia, 1886. Frank Robinson, his bookkeeper, came up with the name Coca Cola and created the now famous logo in his o … wn handwriting.", "Confidence votes 76. The first Coca-Cola recipe was invented in a drugstore in Columbus, Georgia by John Pemberton, originally as a cocawine called Pemberton's French Wine Coca in 1885. He may have been inspired by the formidable success of Vin Mariani, a European cocawine. Coca Cola was invented in the late 1800's by a pharmacist named John Pemberton in Columbus, Ga. I live here in Columbus, Ga and they still have the house he invented Coca Cola … in downtown in our historci district. I've been to it myself on field trips when I was younger. Hope this helps you." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Where_was_coca_cola_invented", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Who_invented_Coca-Cola", "http://www.worldofcoca-cola.com/about-us/coca-cola-history/", "http://www.worldofcoca-cola.com/about-us/coca-cola-history/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Where_was_coca_cola_invented", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Who_invented_Coca-Cola" ] }

[ "Coca Cola was invented in the late 1800's by a pharmacist named John Pemberton in Columbus, Ga. I live here in Columbus, Ga and they still have the house he invented Coca Cola … in downtown in our historci district. I've been to it myself on field trips when I was younger. Hope this helps you. Dr. John S. Pemberton invented Coca-Cola in Atlanta, Georgia, 1886. Frank Robinson, his bookkeeper, came up with the name Coca Cola and created the now famous logo in his o … wn handwriting." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Knowing whether or not a conjunctivitis contracted by a sufferer is viral as opposed to bacterial or allergic may be of little consequence since the symptoms are similar and all are extremely uncomfortable. ", "Answers. Best Answer: Sometimes it is hard to tell the difference between viral and bacterial eye infections, but the presence of pus suggests bacterial infection. No, it shouldn't cause any damage to your eye if the infection is viral. The ribbon is the ribbon of ointment that appears when you squeeze the tube. ", "Viral vs Bacterial Pink Eye. Both viruses and bacteria can cause pink eye. Conjunctivitis, uveitis, irits, elevated pressure in the eye, as well as sinusitis, can also cause pink eye. The commonest cause of pink eye is conjunctivitis. Conjunctivitis can be due to viruses, bacteria, allergies, or chemicals", "Conjunctivitis is often called pink eye or red eye because it can cause the white of the eye to take on a pink or red color. The most common causes of conjunctivitis are viruses, bacteria, and allergens. Bacterial conjunctivitis is caused by infection of the eye with certain bacteria. Bacterial conjunctivitis. 1 Usually begins in one eye and may sometimes progress to the second eye.", "Bacteria can be eradicated with antibiotic eye drops or ointments as well as tablets, capsules and liquids. A virus cannot. Unfortunately, viral conjunctivitis is the most common form of infectious conjunctivitis. This is the same virus that causes the common cold. Symptoms of viral conjunctivitis can last from one to two weeks then disappear. Antibiotics usually take two to three days to clear up bacterial conjunctivitis. ", "The most common types of bacteria that cause bacterial conjunctivitis include Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bacterial conjunctivitis usually produces a thick eye discharge or pus and can affect one or both eyes. All forms of conjunctivitis including bacterial, viral, allergic and other types involve inflammation of the transparent, mucous membrane (conjunctiva) covering the white part of the eye or sclera. Infectious causes of an inflamed eye and conjunctivitis include bacteria, viruses and fungi", "Bacterial conjunctivitis is a common type of pink eye, caused by bacteria that infect the eye through various sources of contamination. The bacteria can be spread through contact with an infected individual, exposure to contaminated surfaces or through other means such as sinus or ear infections. All forms of conjunctivitis including bacterial, viral, allergic and other types involve inflammation of the transparent, mucous membrane (conjunctiva) covering the white part of the eye or sclera. Infectious causes of an inflamed eye and conjunctivitis include bacteria, viruses and fungi", "Bacterial Conjunctivitis. Bacterial conjunctivitis is caused by infection of the eye with certain bacteria. Bacterial conjunctivitis. 1 Usually begins in one eye and may sometimes progress to the second eye. 2 Is a leading cause of children being absent from day care or school (Patel, 2007)", "A Honor Society of Nursing (STTI) answered. Viral and bacterial conjunctivitis are similar, but differ in several key ways. First, bacterial conjunctivitis can be cured with antibiotics, while the viral form cannot. Second, there is a slight variation in symptoms. With viral conjunctivitis, the discharge from the eye is clearer and less thick than with the bacterial infection. Viral conjunctivitis can also cause painful swelling in the lymph node nearest the ear, a symptom not experienced with bacterial conjunctivitis. " ], "url": [ "http://optometrist.com.au/viral-conjunctivitis/", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20071028190156AAtxdJY", "http://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-viral-and-bacterial-pink-eye/", "http://www.cdc.gov/conjunctivitis/about/causes.html", "http://www.atlanticeyemd.com/FAQ/PinkEyeFAQ.aspx", "http://www.allaboutvision.com/conditions/conjunctivitis-types.htm", "http://www.allaboutvision.com/conditions/conjunctivitis-types.htm", "http://www.cdc.gov/conjunctivitis/about/causes.html", "https://www.sharecare.com/health/bacterial-eye-infections/bacterial-and-viral-conjunctivitis-different" ] }

[ "A Honor Society of Nursing (STTI) answered. Viral and bacterial conjunctivitis are similar, but differ in several key ways. First, bacterial conjunctivitis can be cured with antibiotics, while the viral form cannot. Second, there is a slight variation in symptoms. With viral conjunctivitis, the discharge from the eye is clearer and less thick than with the bacterial infection. Viral conjunctivitis can also cause painful swelling in the lymph node nearest the ear, a symptom not experienced with bacterial conjunctivitis. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Lettuce has been called “the perfect weight loss food” and “rabbit food,” but it is so much more. With amazing healing benefits and calories comprised of 20 percent protein, it could be called “gorilla food” instead! Discover all the benefits and history of this amazing Powerfood, and a few dietary concerns. I like to put romaine lettuce in my green smoothies. 10 Health Benefits: 1. Low Calorie Content and Almost Zero Fat. Lettuce has only 12 calories for one shredded cup. This is why it is so good for weight loss. 2.", "Red and green leaf lettuce is more nutritional than iceberg. I like to put romaine lettuce in my green smoothies. 10 Health Benefits: 1. Low Calorie Content and Almost Zero Fat. Lettuce has only 12 calories for one shredded cup. This is why it is so good for weight loss. 2.", "Italian Leafy Green Salad. This is a very, very healthy and hearty salad with a fabulous grapeseed oil and balsamic vinegar dressing. It offers a quartet of greens-escarole, romaine, radicchio and green-leafed lettuce, as well as peppers, green onions and cherry tomatoes. Serves six. This is a very nice chopped salad with two kinds of lettuce, artichoke hearts, red onion and pimento thrown in for a bit of color and sweetness. The vinegar and oil dressing has lots of Parmesan cheese, and pours deliciously over this salad for six. Tropical Salad with Pineapple Vinaigrette. An easy salad to make with a bag of salad greens, pineapple, bacon bits, nuts and toasted coconut. Use fresh pineapple, if you can, and substitute toasted almonds for the macadamia nuts, if desired.", "The green salad or garden salad is most often composed of leafy vegetables such as lettuce. varieties, spinach, arugula, or escarole. The salad leaves are cut or torn into bite-sized fragments. and tossed together (called a tossed salad), or may be placed in a predetermined arrangement. (called a composed salad). Romaine pairs well with. other crunchy salad ingredients such as cucumbers and onions, as well as fruit and nuts. It is the. traditional lettuce used in Caesar salad. Romaine is best served with creamy dressings or dressings. that have some richness. The third type of lettuce is the butterhead variety. It it also sometimes referred to as butter crunch. lettuce. Butterhead lettuces have small, round, loosely formed heads with soft, buttery-textured. leaves ranging from pale green on the outer leaves to progressively smaller pale yellow-green on the. inner leaves", "Seeing Green—The Need-to-Know. Sorry sandwich lovers, but a few shreds of lettuce on a bun won’t add up to the USDA’s daily recommended intake (2-3 cups for most adults). Instead, a big, healthy salad is one of the smartest ways to go green. Coming in at under 10 calories per cup, a big bowl of leaves can be a stellar source of vitamins A, C, K, and folate, among other essential nutrients. But not all leafy greens will build a super-nutritious salad", "Research shows that darker “loose” or “open leaf lettuces (such as romaine, red leaf, and butterhead) contain more antioxidants and nutrients than the typically lighter-colored, more tightly-packed heads (such as iceberg). Instead, a big, healthy salad is one of the smartest ways to go green. Coming in at under 10 calories per cup, a big bowl of leaves can be a stellar source of vitamins A, C, K, and folate, among other essential nutrients.", "There are literally hundreds of lettuce varieties throughout the world. It mostly depends on taste, climate and culture. Of the many types available only a few are commonly used. Baby Mixed Lettuce is also known as Field Lettuces, Mesclun Mix or Spring Mix. It is composed of a variety of young lettuces and greens from the tops of various vegetables. The combination of these creates a pleasant taste and varieties to each mouthful. Radicchio makes a nice colourful and tart addition to a salad, but is also used for appetizers. Arugula (sometimes called Rocket) is often found as one of the varieties in a Spring Mix, but can easily be used on it's own.", "There are hundreds of varieties of lettuce available, some more common than others. Butterhead lettuce includes varieties like Boston and Bibb and has very tender leaves. Crisphead is exactly as it says-crisp! The most common is iceberg which is the lettuce used in wedge salads. Leaf lettuce (or green lettuce) has curly leaves like oak leaf or salad bowl. Lastly is Romaine which has a central rib and crisp long leaves. Since lettuce itself has a simple flavor you can really change the salad by the other ingredients you add or the dressing you put on it. We have salads that include everything from cranberries to peanuts to pumpkin. Salads can be as hearty or as light as you wish making them ideal for an entree or a first course." ], "url": [ "http://www.care2.com/greenliving/10-powerful-advantages-of-eating-lettuce.html", "http://www.care2.com/greenliving/10-powerful-advantages-of-eating-lettuce.html", "http://allrecipes.com/recipes/213/salad/green-salads/", "http://www.mangiabenepasta.com/salad_greens.html", "http://greatist.com/health/how-choose-healthiest-salad-greens", "http://greatist.com/health/how-choose-healthiest-salad-greens", "http://www.simply-salads.com/lettuce-varieties.html", "http://www.cdkitchen.com/recipes/course/salads/lettuce-salad/" ] }

[ "The green salad or garden salad is most often composed of leafy vegetables such as lettuce. varieties, spinach, arugula, or escarole. The salad leaves are cut or torn into bite-sized fragments. and tossed together (called a tossed salad), or may be placed in a predetermined arrangement. (called a composed salad). Romaine pairs well with. other crunchy salad ingredients such as cucumbers and onions, as well as fruit and nuts. It is the. traditional lettuce used in Caesar salad. Romaine is best served with creamy dressings or dressings. that have some richness. The third type of lettuce is the butterhead variety. It it also sometimes referred to as butter crunch. lettuce. Butterhead lettuces have small, round, loosely formed heads with soft, buttery-textured. leaves ranging from pale green on the outer leaves to progressively smaller pale yellow-green on the. inner leaves" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Step 2: Determining the cost of the carpet. Carpet prices range anywhere from $0.50 to over $10 per square foot. Most homes will want a carpet that is between $2-$4 per square foot, but this is by no means a rule. Carpet pad cost: $0.30 to $0.60 sq/ft. Carpet installation cost: $0.50 sq/ft. For budgeting purposes, adding $1.00 sq/ft. for padding and installation to the carpet cost gives a good estimate.", "1 Warm and soft, wool Frieze Carpet from Empire Today ® comes in a range of colors from elegant neutrals to bold, vivid hues. 2 Wool is sumptuous, natural and very durable. 3 This material can accentuate the existing suppleness of your Frieze Carpet's twisted fibers. 1 Wool: Wool has been a favorite fabric for ages, and it is still just as soft and durable in a modern Frieze style. 2 Warm and soft, wool Frieze Carpet from Empire Today ® comes in a range of colors from elegant neutrals to bold, vivid hues. 3", "1 Frieze Carpet installation costs vary considerably by location. 2 For an accurate estimate in your area, enter your zip code in the calculator above. 3 Reduce total project cost by having multiple vendors bid on the same, detailed work specification of your Frieze Carpet project. 1 The homewyse Frieze Carpet cost estimates do not include costs for subfloor damage repair, subfloor leveling, or modification of subfloor height.", "Frieze Carpet. Frieze carpeting is a very long lasting type of carpet, if maintained can last for over 20 years. Commonly used in high traffic areas; and with a varying pile height, show much fewer footprints and vacuum marks. ", "Minimum cost: $2 per square foot. Maximum cost: $3.50 per square foot. Just like any other carpet that homeowners can choose from, frieze carpets differ in price. The two major factors that affect the pricing are the cost of installation and the material out of which the frieze carpet is made. For example, polyester frieze carpet runs only about $2 a square foot. Nylon frieze carpet can cost upwards of $3.50 a square foot. If homeowners want to, they can even use Smartstrand frieze carpet that runs about $3 per square foot. Although frieze carpets are a bit more expensive than other carpet choices, it is not as expensive as a homeowner choosing hardwood floors for a home", "1 Frieze Carpet installation costs are commonly quoted from a standard rate and can be estimated/quoted by the service professional after measurement and visual inspection at the job site. 2 Low to High labor cost range differences are in part due to variations in work load, job location and seasonal wage rates. 1 The homewyse Frieze Carpet cost estimates do not include costs for subfloor damage repair, subfloor leveling, or modification of subfloor height.", "As an experienced licensed home improvement contractor, I know first hand what it should cost for various levels — from Basic, Better, and of course the best. The Frieze Carpet cost estimator will provide you with up to date pricing for your area. Simply enter your zip code and the square footage, next click update and you will see a breakdown on what it should cost to have Frieze Carpet installed in your home. 1 The additional complexity of your Walls and sub-flooring, trim work will add to the Frieze Carpet costs. 2 Visit every supply house that sell your particular brand of Frieze Carpet and try to negotiate a better price with each supplier – I save on average 20%.", "Here’s an estimate of what to expect: Carpet pad cost: $0.30 to $0.60 sq/ft. Carpet installation cost: $0.50 sq/ft. For budgeting purposes, adding $1.00 sq/ft. for padding and installation to the carpet cost gives a good estimate. Captain’s parting words: There’s no exact answer for how much carpet costs. Nevertheless, it’s important to have an idea of what you should be paying.", "Do you need to know the average cost to install Frieze Carpet in your zip code? Do you need an easy-to-understand 2015 estimate of Frieze Carpet job options and costs? Get pricing INSTANTLY. Enter your options and zip code above-then select Update. 1 The homewyse Frieze Carpet cost estimates do not include costs for subfloor damage repair, subfloor leveling, or modification of subfloor height.", "1 Prices range from $2 a square foot for the most inexpensive carpeting, including some self-adhesive carpet tiles, to as much as $100 a square yard for high-end or custom project. 2 Decent carpeting and padding can usually be installed for $19-$38 a square yard, or $300-$600 for a 12x12-foot room. 1 Decent carpeting and padding can usually be installed for $19-$38 a square yard, or $300-$600 for a 12x12-foot room. 2 If it's not included, add, $2.50-$6 a square yard for padding. 3 Be skeptical of prices that include free padding, because good padding increases the life span of your carpet; ask about upgrades." ], "url": [ "http://www.carpetcaptain.com/prices/", "http://www.empiretoday.com/products/carpeting/frieze-carpet", "http://www.homewyse.com/costs/cost_of_frieze_carpet.html", "http://www.freecarpetestimates.com/carpet/frieze/", "http://www.improvenet.com/r/costs-and-prices/frieze-carpeting", "http://www.homewyse.com/costs/cost_of_frieze_carpet.html", "http://www.remodelingexpense.com/costs/cost-of-frieze-carpet/", "http://www.carpetcaptain.com/prices/", "http://www.homewyse.com/costs/cost_of_frieze_carpet.html", "http://home.costhelper.com/carpeting.html" ] }

[ "Minimum cost: $2 per square foot. Maximum cost: $3.50 per square foot. Just like any other carpet that homeowners can choose from, frieze carpets differ in price. The two major factors that affect the pricing are the cost of installation and the material out of which the frieze carpet is made. For example, polyester frieze carpet runs only about $2 a square foot. Nylon frieze carpet can cost upwards of $3.50 a square foot. If homeowners want to, they can even use Smartstrand frieze carpet that runs about $3 per square foot. Although frieze carpets are a bit more expensive than other carpet choices, it is not as expensive as a homeowner choosing hardwood floors for a home" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "If you are owed a refund, you will get a direct deposit into your bank account. You can expect your tax return in about 2 weeks if you used NETFILE, and 4 - 6 weeks if you filed it by mail.", "It can take 2 to 3 weeks to receive a refund when you transmit your return via NETFILE. For mailed returns, refunds are mailed out in 4 to 6 weeks following receipt of the return by the CRA or the Revenu Quebec.", "Report Abuse. The CRA says 6 weeks if you mail it but it is usually a bit longer, given that you filed right at the deadline and so does everyone else. I would expect it by end of June/early July. You can check the status of your refund online through the CRA website's Access. Next year, I suggest filing online via Netfile.", "Answer: When you get your Canadian tax refund depends on when and how you filed your Canadian income tax return. The Canada Revenue Agency advises that they usually process paper tax returns in four to six weeks.", "The length of time it takes the CRA to process your income tax return and refund depends on how and when you file your return. Processing Times for Paper Returns. Paper returns usually take four to six weeks to process. For paper tax returns filed before April 15, wait four weeks before you check on your refund.", "1 After you have filed your return using NETFILE. The NETFILE program will be open for transmissions on February 9, 2015, until January 15, 2016, for the electronic filing of your 2013 and 2014 personal income tax and benefit return.", "NETFILE is an electronic tax-filing service that allows you to send your individual income tax and benefit return directly to the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) using the Internet and a NETFILE-certified software product." ], "url": [ "http://settlement.org/ontario/daily-life/personal-finance/taxes/what-happens-after-i-file-my-tax-return/", "http://support.drtax.ca/ufile/kb/web/source/webpages/kpa210-20080704103317su.htm", "https://ca.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080429233214AAanq1I", "http://sbinfocanada.about.com/od/incometaxcanada/f/Canadian-Tax-Refund.htm", "http://canadaonline.about.com/od/personalincometax/a/taxrefund.htm", "http://www.cra-arc.gc.ca/netfile/", "http://www.cra-arc.gc.ca/netfile/" ] }

[ "If you are owed a refund, you will get a direct deposit into your bank account. You can expect your tax return in about 2 weeks if you used NETFILE, and 4 - 6 weeks if you filed it by mail." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "As soon as you can make the reservation, do it, but the general consensus is at least three to six months in advance of the date. By three months out, couples have a good idea how many guests will be attending and they can plan a menu that doesn’t conflict with their wedding day.", "Since the rehearsal dinner is more informal than the wedding reception, the food and atmosphere should reflect or complement that. Ultimately, the setting of the rehearsal dinner depends on the budget, how many guests there will be, and what kind of party the host envisions.", "How to Invite. If your rehearsal dinner will be a fancy affair with lots of out-of-town guests in a hotel banquet room, a country club, or someplace similarly dressed up, you should send formal invitations. You'll also want people to RSVP so you have a head count for the caterer.", "In Jewish tradition, for example, it’s customary for anyone invited to the wedding to be invited to the rehearsal dinner. The feeling is that they’ve flown out, they’ve given a gift, and they need to eat. End of story. That said, you do have the right to invite who you want—or even to hold two kinds of events.", "But it is also considerate to invite your out-of-town guests to attend as a kind gesture of thanks for traveling all the way. When to send: Send invitations three to six weeks in advance. 7: Thank-You Card. What it is: You should send thank-you notes for all gifts received during the course of planning your wedding.", "It’s best to send them four weeks before the event and, of course, after the wedding invitation. You should never put the rehearsal dinner invite in with the wedding invite. Remember: Even though rehearsal dinners are a part of the wedding festivities, they really are two separate events.", "The rehearsal dinner invitation should be sent out anywhere from 3 to 5 weeks before the dinner (or even before that if many guests will be traveling from a distance), and the look and feel of the invitation should reflect the formality of the dinner.", "Do I need to send out an invitation for the rehearsal and rehearsal dinner? The majority of our guests for the rehearsal are from out of town. Or is a nice e-mail to everyone acceptable? How soon should we send out the e-mail or invitations?" ], "url": [ "http://www.herecomestheguide.com/wedding-party-ideas/detail/rehearsal-dinner-etiquette/", "https://www.theknot.com/content/wedding-rehearsal-basics", "https://www.theknot.com/content/wedding-rehearsal-basics", "http://www.herecomestheguide.com/wedding-party-ideas/detail/rehearsal-dinner-etiquette/", "http://www.brides.com/blogs/aisle-say/2014/04/when-to-send-every-wedding-related-card-and-invitation.html", "http://www.herecomestheguide.com/wedding-party-ideas/detail/rehearsal-dinner-etiquette/", "http://en.allexperts.com/q/Weddings-1546/rehearsal-dinner-invitations-1.htm", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100312144205AAunIXD" ] }

[ "As soon as you can make the reservation, do it, but the general consensus is at least three to six months in advance of the date. By three months out, couples have a good idea how many guests will be attending and they can plan a menu that doesn’t conflict with their wedding day." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Adalind meaning | Meaning of name. English Boy Names: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z English Girl Names: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z. Expression number of Adalind is 9. Adalind are idealistic who embrace the principles of compassion and forgiveness. Adalind are visionary who is wiling to make a better world and have the ability to influence masses. Adalind are also creative and imaginative that gives them an artistic talent.", "Adaline is an English name of Germanic origin. Adaline is a variant form of the English, German, Polish, Czech, Romanian, and Spanish name Adela in the English language. Adaline is also a variant form of the English and Italian name Adelaide in the English language. Adaline is also a variant form of the English and French name Adeline in the English language. ", "Adeline /ade-line/ [3 sylls.] as a girls' name is pronounced ADD-a-line, add-a-LEEN. It is of Old German origin, and the meaning of Adeline is noble. French diminutive of Adela. Used occasionally in England since the early 16th century. See also Adelaide. Opera soprano Adelina Patti (late 19th century) and a well-known song called Sweet Adeline gave the name exposure. See also Alena", "Self-awareness test of the baby. Performing the self-awareness test of the baby is quite simple. If you put a red dot on the baby’s forehead and show him the mirror, notice what he does. If they rub the dot, they are aware, else not. List of Dutch baby names, Dutch baby boy names (male), girl names (female) & Dutch names meanings has been compiled from various resources. Please use this list of Dutch baby names only for reference/idea to name your kid/child.", "The name Adeline is a French baby name. In French the meaning of the name Adeline is: American Meaning: The name Adeline is an American baby name. In American the meaning of the name Adeline is: Teutonic Meaning: The name Adeline is a Teutonic baby name. In Teutonic the meaning of the name Adeline is: noble. Latin Meaning: The name Adeline is a Latin baby name. In Latin the meaning of the name Adeline is: Of the nobility. Noble. German Meaning: The name Adeline is a German baby name. In German the meaning of the name Adeline is: Pleasant; Of the nobility. Noble. From the Old German 'athal' meaning nobl", "Search english names by qualities, Note: use only one quality at a time for better results. How to choose a name for your baby. Get the meaning of Adalind and celebrities who also shares the same name and some names related to Adalind, english baby names list, list of names in english. Expression number of Adalind is 9. Adalind are idealistic who embrace the principles of compassion and forgiveness. Adalind are visionary who is wiling to make a better world and have the ability to influence masses. Adalind are also creative and imaginative that gives them an artistic talent.", "Adelind is a form of the name Adelaide. Adelind is a diminutive (nickname) of Adelinda. The name Adelaide is derived from the Germanic elements adel meaning nobel and heid meaning kind or sort. The name was borne by the wife of the Holy Roman Emperor Otto the Great in the 10th century. One part indicates the gender and the other the characteristic of the person. For example, Adelbert or Albert is composed of adel meaning noble and a derivation of beracht meaning bright or shining. Given names are generally gender specific. Male names cannot be used for females and vice versa.", "Adelina is a county in Poland. It is also the name of a saint in France and a noble woman of Holland. Adelina Garcia is an American singer and Adelina de Lara was a British actress. " ], "url": [ "http://www.nameslist.org/english/names-meaning/Adalind", "http://www.babynamespedia.com/meaning/Adaline", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/0/Adeline", "http://www.babynology.com/meaning-adalind-f18.html", "http://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/adeline", "http://www.nameslist.org/english/names-meaning/Adalind", "http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Adelind.html", "http://www.babynames.com/name/Adalyn" ] }

[ "Adalind meaning | Meaning of name. English Boy Names: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z English Girl Names: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z. Expression number of Adalind is 9. Adalind are idealistic who embrace the principles of compassion and forgiveness. Adalind are visionary who is wiling to make a better world and have the ability to influence masses. Adalind are also creative and imaginative that gives them an artistic talent." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The reversed() function returns an iterator, so reversed(substring) == substring will never be true and longest_palindrome will never be overwritten. Hence, the function will literally find the longest palindrome inside a string. 1 It runs in exponential time to the size of the given text. 2 It runs by enumerating all the strings in the form a-z, creating two regexes for each generated string and testing the input against each regex. 3 Further, it fails if the palindrome contains uppercase letters, numbers, non-ascii text, punctuation, etc.", "'The Virgin of the World' is an extraordinary Trismegistic treatise in the form of a dialogue between the hierophant (high priest) as spokesman for Isis and the neophyte who represents Horus. Thus the priest instructing the initiate is portrayed as Isis instructing her son Horus. BLACK RITE. By writing the 26 letters of the alphabet in a certain order one may put down almost any message (this book 'is written with the same letters' as the Encyclopaedia Britannica and Winnie the Pooh, only the order of the letters differs).", "Friction is a force that resists motion. It occurs when one object is in contact with another object. When two surfaces are pressed together, the molecules of these surfaces come in contact and experience attractive forces between one another. It also causes objects to heat up or make a sound. When you rub your hands together, for example, they begin to feel warmer because friction is heating them up. In addition, rubbing your hands together makes a sound.", "The following solution in Go employs the hidden powers of concurrency, closures and recursivity to find the longest palindrome inside a given string: Additionally, it relies entirely on language primitives and built-in types – no standard library – that's how you recognize true quality software. 1 It runs in exponential time to the size of the given text. 2 It runs by enumerating all the strings in the form a-z, creating two regexes for each generated string and testing the input against each regex. 3 Further, it fails if the palindrome contains uppercase letters, numbers, non-ascii text, punctuation, etc.", "Rolling friction is a force that slows the progress of a ball or wheel once it is already in motion. It can be observed by watching a ball rolling through dirt. After some time, the ball will eventually slow down and stop. Rolling friction is not as strong as sliding friction, which can be helpful in some situations. It also causes objects to heat up or make a sound. When you rub your hands together, for example, they begin to feel warmer because friction is heating them up. In addition, rubbing your hands together makes a sound.", "Obviously if aString is itself a palindrome then aString is the longest palindrome inside aString. You can tell it is working by the assertion statement. Do not think too much about the first line of executable code. 1 It runs in exponential time to the size of the given text. 2 It runs by enumerating all the strings in the form a-z, creating two regexes for each generated string and testing the input against each regex. 3 Further, it fails if the palindrome contains uppercase letters, numbers, non-ascii text, punctuation, etc.", "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba. This is the alphabet spelled forward and backward. You are the greatest person ever if you can recite this 10 times fast. Police: please recite the alphabet forward and backwards", "Sliding friction is stronger when an object is stationary (this is called static friction) than when the object is in motion (this is called kinetic friction). When trying to move a box, it is often harder to get the box moving than it is to keep the box in motion. It also causes objects to heat up or make a sound. When you rub your hands together, for example, they begin to feel warmer because friction is heating them up. In addition, rubbing your hands together makes a sound.", "Rolling friction happens when a round object rolls from one place to another. This kind of friction can be seen in objects like balls and wheels. There are two types of rolling friction: starting friction and rolling friction. It also causes objects to heat up or make a sound. When you rub your hands together, for example, they begin to feel warmer because friction is heating them up. In addition, rubbing your hands together makes a sound." ], "url": [ "http://codegolf.stackexchange.com/questions/16327/how-do-i-find-the-longest-palindrome-in-a-string", "http://973-eht-namuh-973.com/coloured%20site/start/evokation/the_evocation_first.htm", "http://www.skwirk.com/p-c_s-4_u-308_t-755_c-2841/friction/nsw/friction/force-and-motion/force-and-gravity", "http://codegolf.stackexchange.com/questions/16327/how-do-i-find-the-longest-palindrome-in-a-string", "http://www.skwirk.com/p-c_s-4_u-308_t-755_c-2841/friction/nsw/friction/force-and-motion/force-and-gravity", "http://codegolf.stackexchange.com/questions/16327/how-do-i-find-the-longest-palindrome-in-a-string", "http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba", "http://www.skwirk.com/p-c_s-4_u-308_t-755_c-2841/friction/nsw/friction/force-and-motion/force-and-gravity", "http://www.skwirk.com/p-c_s-4_u-308_t-755_c-2841/friction/nsw/friction/force-and-motion/force-and-gravity" ] }

[ "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba. This is the alphabet spelled forward and backward. You are the greatest person ever if you can recite this 10 times fast. Police: please recite the alphabet forward and backwards" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Johannes is generally used as a boy's name. It consists of 8 letters and 2 syllables and is pronounced Yo-hannes. In the U.S. in 2014, it ranked 2710 in baby name popularity for boys with 44 occurrences. Less than 5 girls were given the name. Local language versions of biblical names of Hebrew origin such as Hannah and David are still widely internationally popular today. Modern Hebrew names are often derived from Hebrew vocabulary, for example Aviva (spring) and Dov (bear).", "The name John, its variants and various language forms are all ultimately of Hebrew origin. The name John itself is the English form of the Latin name Iohannes which in turn is. The names Giovanni, Hannu, Jan, Jehanne, Joao, Johan, Johanna, Johannah, Johanne are all forms of Johannes. Local language versions of biblical names of Hebrew origin such as Hannah and David are still widely internationally popular today. Modern Hebrew names are often derived from Hebrew vocabulary, for example Aviva (spring) and Dov (bear).", "Johannes is of Hebrew origin, and it is predominantly used in the Dutch, German, and Scandinavian languages. Original forms of Johannes include Iohannes (Latinized), Joannes (Late Latin), and Johannes (Latin). In addition, Johannes is a Dutch, German, and Scandinavian form of the English and Hebrew John. The name Johannes is widely used; it has 31 forms that are used in English and foreign languages. Forms used in English include Hanns, Johan (also used in Czech, Dutch, German, and Scandinavian), Johanes, Johannas, Johannus, Johansen, Johanson, and Johonson. ", "Latin form of Ioannes (see JOHN). The astronomer Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) and the composer Johannes Brahms (1833-1897) are famous bearers of this name. ", "Johannes /jo-han-nes/ [2 sylls.] as a name for boys. Johannes' name origin is Hebrew, and the name Johannes means God is gracious. Johannes is an alternate spelling of John (Hebrew). Compare last name Johanns. See also Hovannes and Ieuan. ", "What does Johannes mean, popularity, numerology and more. The German name Johannes is of Hebrew and Estonian origin. The meaning of Johannes is G-d is gracious. Local language versions of biblical names of Hebrew origin such as Hannah and David are still widely internationally popular today. Modern Hebrew names are often derived from Hebrew vocabulary, for example Aviva (spring) and Dov (bear).", "Johannes is a Medieval Latin form of the personal name that usually appears as John in English language contexts. It is a variant of the Greek name (ιωάννης) and Classical Latin (Ioannes), itself derived from the Hebrew name Yehochanan meaning Yahweh is gracious. The name became popular in Northern Europe, especially in Germany. Common German variants for Johannes are Johann, Hans (diminutized to Haenschen hänschen Or, haensel hänsel Known from Hansel , and gretel a fairy tale By the), Grimm, Brothers (hannes Jens) from Danish (and Jan). from dutch", "The name John, its variants and various language forms are all ultimately of Hebrew origin. The name John itself is the English form of the Latin name Iohannes which in turn is. The name Johana is a form of Johan. Johan has the diminutive (nickname) Hanke. Johan is generally used as a boy's name. It consists of 5 letters and 2 syllables and is pronounced Yo-han. In the U.S. in 2014, it ranked 579 in baby name popularity for boys with 477 occurrences.", "Then just follow the diagram below. Just for fun, see the name Johannes in Hieroglyphics, learn about ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphics and write a Hieroglyphic message. Learn about nautical flags and see your name or message written in nautical flags, on the Johannes in Nautical Flags page. Local language versions of biblical names of Hebrew origin such as Hannah and David are still widely internationally popular today. Modern Hebrew names are often derived from Hebrew vocabulary, for example Aviva (spring) and Dov (bear)." ], "url": [ "http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Johannes.html", "http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Johannes.html", "http://www.babynamespedia.com/meaning/Johannes", "http://www.behindthename.com/name/johannes", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/1/Johannes", "http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Johannes.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes", "http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Johan.html", "http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Johannes.html" ] }

[ "Johannes /jo-han-nes/ [2 sylls.] as a name for boys. Johannes' name origin is Hebrew, and the name Johannes means God is gracious. Johannes is an alternate spelling of John (Hebrew). Compare last name Johanns. See also Hovannes and Ieuan. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "All airlines serving Doha airport moved to the new Hamad International Airport on 27 May 2014. The new airport is located 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) east of the former facility. It covers 2,200 hectares (5,400 acres) of land and was able to handle 29 million passengers per year on opening day. This article is about the former Doha International Airport, closed in May 2014. For its successor, Doha's new civil commercial airport, see Hamad International Airport. This article is about the civilian use of the former Doha International Airport.", "Plan your travel to DOH Airport with the information provided in this site. Hamad International Airport (IATA: DOH, ICAO: OTHH) is the international airport for Doha, the capital city of Qatar. The airport was opened in April 2014. During the construction the airport was known as NDIA (New Doha International Airport). Hamad International Airport replaces the former Doha International Airport as Qatar's airport, located just 5kilometres west of Hamad International Airport. The airport serves as a hub for Qatar Airways, which is also the operator. Use this website to quickly find the most important information about Hamad International Airport-Doha Airport: Flights (Departures, Arrivals), Parking, Car Rentals, Hotels near the airport and other information about Doha airport.", "Welcome to Doha Airport-Qatar Airport-Hamad International Airport. Use this website to quickly find the most important information about Hamad International Airport-Doha Airport: Flights (Departures, Arrivals), Parking, Car Rentals, Hotels near the airport and other information about Doha airport.", "Qatar Airways moved all of its Doha flights to the brand new multi-billion dollar airport near the Qatari capital on Tuesday. The shift of national carrier's flights to the just-completed Hamad International Airport finishes a ramp-up of service at the sprawling new aviation hub, the home base for Qatar Airways. PHOTOS: First flights land at massive new hub airport in Doha, Qatar. Qatar Airways called its move to the new Hamad International Airport a milestone.. The carrier began operations just 17 years ago, but has quickly grown to become one of the world's major carriers.", "Formerly known as New Doha International Airport (NDIA), Hamad International Airport was originally scheduled to open in 2009, but after a series of costly delays, the airport finally opened on April 30, 2014 with a ceremonial Qatar Airways flight landing from Doha International. The airport will be two-thirds the size of Doha city. The airport has an oasis theme. Many of the buildings will have a water motif, with wave-styled roofs and desert plants growing in recycled water.", "Qatar Airways moved all of its flights on Tuesday to the nation's brand multi-billion dollar airport in the capital of Doha. , finishing a ramp up of flights at an airport that could XXXX Qatar Airways greeted. Post to Facebook. Cancel Send. PHOTOS: First flights land at massive new hub airport in Doha, Qatar. Qatar Airways called its move to the new Hamad International Airport a milestone.. The carrier began operations just 17 years ago, but has quickly grown to become one of the world's major carriers.", "Doha Airport. Doha-Airport is one of the major airports in Qatar. It is an international airport with more than 23.3m passengers per year (incoming, outgoing and transit). The runways are located 17 hours away from London and from here the shortest possible connection is a 1 Stop Over flight. From the city center of Doha to the terminals you will need approx. 14 minutes by car, as the distance is about 8 miles. To have a look at the Doha-Airport Flight Information please check the Arrivals & Departures section. And if you plan to visit Qatar please keep in mind that the official currency is Riyal", "1 Doha Marriott - (8 min from the airport) Located on the beach a few minutes from the airport. 2 No airport shuttle. 3 Oryx Rotana Airport Hotel - (12 min from the airport) Located on the grounds of the old Doha Airport. 4 Airport transfers can be arranged directly through the hotel ($). 1 The Airport Hotel-Located inside the airport, just 2 minutes from Immigration and 5 minutes from Gates A10 or B10. 2 Day rooms are available for as little as 5 hours. 3 Doha Marriott - (8 min from the airport) Located on the beach a few minutes from the airport. 4" ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doha_International_Airport", "http://www.qatar-airport.com/", "http://www.qatar-airport.com/", "http://www.usatoday.com/story/todayinthesky/2014/05/27/qatar-airways-completes-move-to-giant-new-doha-airport/9632805/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamad_International_Airport", "http://www.usatoday.com/story/todayinthesky/2014/05/27/qatar-airways-completes-move-to-giant-new-doha-airport/9632805/", "http://www.airport-arrivals-departures.com/middle-east/qatar/doha-airport.htm", "http://www.sleepinginairports.net/mideast/doha.htm" ] }

[ "Doha Airport. Doha-Airport is one of the major airports in Qatar. It is an international airport with more than 23.3m passengers per year (incoming, outgoing and transit). The runways are located 17 hours away from London and from here the shortest possible connection is a 1 Stop Over flight. From the city center of Doha to the terminals you will need approx. 14 minutes by car, as the distance is about 8 miles. To have a look at the Doha-Airport Flight Information please check the Arrivals & Departures section. And if you plan to visit Qatar please keep in mind that the official currency is Riyal" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Estuaries, in short, are national treasures -- vital ecological and community resources whose health affects our health and the vibrancy of our communities and economy. 1. Summarize the characteristics that distinguish an estuary from other bodies of water. 2. List a few reasons why estuaries are important and why we should know how they work. Other web sites with helpful information about estuaries include: 1 Restore America's Estuaries.", "Estuaries are partially enclosed bodies of water along coastlines where fresh water and salt water meet and mix. They act as a transition zone between oceans and continents. An estuary has a free connection with the ocean. Fresh water input from land sources (usually rivers) dilutes the estuary's salt content. Estuaries are important for the health of the oceans. Estuaries can filter sediment and pollutants from the water before it flows into the oceans. Excess nutrients are removed in bordering salt marshes, resulting in cleaner water for people and marine organisms. Estuaries act as a buffer between the ocean and the land", "Click here to go to a map of watersheds for the estuaries within the National Estuary Program, operated by the Environmental Protection Agency. Observe the variation in watershed size for some of the estuaries around the country. 2. List a few reasons why estuaries are important and why we should know how they work. Other web sites with helpful information about estuaries include: 1 Restore America's Estuaries.", "Watersheds are basically the areas that water flow in order to reach the ocean. For instance, a creek is part of the watershed of the St. Joseph River, which is a part of the … Great Lakes Watershed, that is a part of the St. Lawrance Seaway Watershed which filters into the Atlantic. estuaries are places where it is half salt water and half fresh water it is important because salt water has more minerals and fresh water has more oxygen so it is kind of lik … e the best of both worlds for the animals who live there.", "Virginia's Watersheds. Introduction. In this WebQuest, students do Internet research on Virginia’s watersheds. They learn what watersheds are and find out which watershed they live in. Students find out why estuaries are an important part of a watershed. Students will investigate how Secchi disks are used to monitor water quality and will analyze authentic water quality monitoring station data from their watershed. Estuaries are important because they provide a unique environment for plants and animals that live in water that is part fresh and part salty. A Secchi disk is a disk attached to a string. It is lowered into a body of water until the data collector can no longer see the disk.", "In addition to providing economic, cultural and ecological benefits to communities, estuaries deliver invaluable ecosystem services. Ecosystem services are fundamental life-support processes upon which all organisms depend (Daily et al., 1997). Two ecosystem services that estuaries provide are water filtration and habitat protection. Habitats associated with estuaries, such as salt marshes and mangrove forests, act like enormous filters.", "Estuaries are bodies of water along our coasts that are formed when fresh water from rivers flows into and mixes with salt water from the ocean. In estuaries, the fresh river water is blocked from streaming into the open ocean by either surrounding mainland, peninsulas, barrier islands, or fringing salt marshes. 2. List a few reasons why estuaries are important and why we should know how they work. Other web sites with helpful information about estuaries include: 1 Restore America's Estuaries.", "The Estuary System. An estuary is a partially enclosed body of water where fresh water from rivers and streams mixes with salt water from the ocean. Estuaries are areas of transition between the land and the sea. They are often called bays, harbors, inlets or sounds. The Chesapeake Bay is home to Baltimore and Hampton Roads, two of the North Atlantic’s five major ports. Estuaries are important for people, too. Estuaries support many popular educational and family activities, including boating, fishing, swimming, jet skiing, photography and bird-watching." ], "url": [ "http://geosci.sfsu.edu/courses/geol103/labs/estuaries/partI.html", "http://omp.gso.uri.edu/ompweb/doee/science/descript/whats.htm", "http://geosci.sfsu.edu/courses/geol103/labs/estuaries/partI.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_is_an_estuary_an_important_part_of_a_watershed", "http://glencoe.com/sec/science/webquest/content/virginiawatershed2.shtml", "http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/kits/estuaries/estuaries03_ecosystem.html", "http://geosci.sfsu.edu/courses/geol103/labs/estuaries/partI.html", "http://www.chesapeakebay.net/discover/bayecosystem/estuarysystem" ] }

[ "Estuaries are partially enclosed bodies of water along coastlines where fresh water and salt water meet and mix. They act as a transition zone between oceans and continents. An estuary has a free connection with the ocean. Fresh water input from land sources (usually rivers) dilutes the estuary's salt content. Estuaries are important for the health of the oceans. Estuaries can filter sediment and pollutants from the water before it flows into the oceans. Excess nutrients are removed in bordering salt marshes, resulting in cleaner water for people and marine organisms. Estuaries act as a buffer between the ocean and the land", "Watersheds are basically the areas that water flow in order to reach the ocean. For instance, a creek is part of the watershed of the St. Joseph River, which is a part of the … Great Lakes Watershed, that is a part of the St. Lawrance Seaway Watershed which filters into the Atlantic. estuaries are places where it is half salt water and half fresh water it is important because salt water has more minerals and fresh water has more oxygen so it is kind of lik … e the best of both worlds for the animals who live there." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "For that reason, tree removal services often charge a premium to tackle them. Oak trees are also very tall. The average height of a healthy oak tree is 60 feet. You can refer to the price guide above to see that you will pay between $200 and $1,000 to have an oak tree removed. 1 You can expect to pay between $60 and $350 per stump. 2 A rotting stump should be cheaper to remove than a healthy, solid stump. 3 Learn more with our Tree Stump Removal Cost Guide. 4 Limb Chipping – Instead of paying more to have the limbs hauled away, you may choose to have them chipped.", "Get an INSTANT estimate of the cost to Remove Carpet! Our free calculator uses recent, trusted data to estimate costs for your Carpet Removal project. For a basic 250 square feet project in zip code 47474, the benchmark cost to Remove Carpet ranges between $0.47 - $0.88 per square foot* . To estimate costs for your project: 1. Set Project Zip Code Enter the Zip Code for the location where labor is hired and materials purchased. 2.", "1 The diameter of the stump helps determine the cost of removing it. 2 You can expect to pay between $60 and $350 per stump. 3 A rotting stump should be cheaper to remove than a healthy, solid stump. 4 Learn more with our Tree Stump Removal Cost Guide. 1 You can expect to pay between $60 and $350 per stump. 2 A rotting stump should be cheaper to remove than a healthy, solid stump. 3 Learn more with our Tree Stump Removal Cost Guide. 4 Limb Chipping – Instead of paying more to have the limbs hauled away, you may choose to have them chipped.", "Usually, making a trip to the dump to get rid of yard waste, appliances and smaller garbage loads is no big deal. But sometimes you need help with the bigger loads. On average, homeowners pay between $141 and $374 for junk removal, though costs depend largely on contents, volume and service policies. Trash removal is usually offered as part of your city utilities. But there are also independent companies who sometimes offer the service at a lower price. Junk removal services will remove junk from your home or your businesses -- charging around $200 for removal from a single family home and around $250 for removal from an apartment. Waste removal from a business will cost about $400.", "Average Price for 3 Bed House Removals. The cost for your 3 bedroom house relocation would be on an average between £600 and £1000 depending on whether the packing is included. You can expect to pay about £200 for 1 month at most, for the stuff in a 3 bedroom house. Of course, the prices will vary, the highest one being in London. If you want to use storage for your 3 bedroom house, the costs outside London could be quite lower than this one.", "Generally the average cost to hire moving company is about £600 – approximately that you would be charged for a removal job from Cardiff to Birmingham for example. Still, this amount will vary. Here are the options. Cost to Hire a Moving Company. The price for a 2 bedroom flat with the furniture in it from Scotland to England would be approximately between £500 and £1300 depending on the distance. If it is a small move that is for example 50 miles away the cost you can expect to pay would be about £750 including the packing", "$1.84. Get an INSTANT estimate of the cost to Remove Wallpaper! Our free calculator uses recent, trusted data to estimate costs for your Wallpaper Removal project. For a basic 125 square feet project in zip code 47474, the benchmark cost to Remove Wallpaper ranges between $0.70 - $1.84 per square foot* . To estimate costs for your project: 1. Set Project Zip Code Enter the Zip Code for the location where labor is hired and materials purchased", "Here are some examples. The average removal costs for 3 bedroom house move from Liverpool to Leeds, no packing included, would cost you approximately around £600 with a minimum price quote of about £450 and a maximum of about £700. If you wish for the packing to be included, then be ready to throw about £300 extra on those numbers. You can expect to pay about £200 for 1 month at most, for the stuff in a 3 bedroom house. Of course, the prices will vary, the highest one being in London. If you want to use storage for your 3 bedroom house, the costs outside London could be quite lower than this one." ], "url": [ "http://www.treeremoval.com/costs/", "http://homewyse.com/services/cost_to_remove_carpet.html", "http://www.treeremoval.com/costs/", "http://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/cleaning-services/remove-waste/", "http://www.removalreviews.co.uk/move/3-bed-removal-costs", "http://www.removalreviews.co.uk/move/cost-to-hire-removals", "http://www.homewyse.com/services/cost_to_remove_wallpaper.html", "http://www.removalreviews.co.uk/move/3-bed-removal-costs" ] }

[ "Generally the average cost to hire moving company is about £600 – approximately that you would be charged for a removal job from Cardiff to Birmingham for example. Still, this amount will vary. Here are the options. Cost to Hire a Moving Company. The price for a 2 bedroom flat with the furniture in it from Scotland to England would be approximately between £500 and £1300 depending on the distance. If it is a small move that is for example 50 miles away the cost you can expect to pay would be about £750 including the packing" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A pair of trousers made from chino cloth, generally referred to as chinos. Chino cloth (/ˌtʃiːnoʊ/ CHEE-noh) is a twill fabric, originally made of 100% cotton. The most common items made from it, trousers, are widely called chinos. Today it is also found in cotton-synthetic blends.", "The simplest way to buy khakis and chinos on eBay is to go to the eBay home page. From there, a buyer should rest his or her mouse cursor on Fashion, then click Men's Clothing. Click Pants to reveal a variety of items. Under the left-hand column, scroll to the Style category.", "There is no doubt that khakis and chinos have many similarities. However, there are distinct differences between the two styles of pants. These differences can help men decide which pant to seek out in different situations. Most closets will have an assortment of both khakis and chinos.", "The second, less obvious and less reliable rule of thumb for telling the difference between the two is the weight of the fabric. Chino pants are often made of a lightweight 100% cotton or cotton-blend fabric, while khakis are often constructed of a heavyweight 100% cotton fabric. Third, chino pants are often cut slimmer with a closer fit than khakis, adding to their formal appeal.", "Chino cloth (/ˌtʃiːnoʊ/ CHEE-noh) is a twill fabric, originally made of 100% cotton. The most common items made from it, trousers, are widely called chinos.", "Top 10 amazing movie makeup transformations. Chino is a Spanish word translating as China or Chinese.. The term, which is synonymous with khakis when used to describe pants, migrated to the English language, when pants made of strong cotton fabric were used as part of military uniforms in both the UK and the US.", "With a more recent military uniform heritage, chino pants earned a more formal style than khakis. One of the distinct differences between the two, and an easy trick to use when shopping or pairing an outfit, is the stitching. Stitching on khakis is visible, whereas it is concealed on chinos.", "Chino is a word that is used both for the fabric as well as trousers made from this fabric. Chino fabric is 100% cotton and twill in nature. The word chino has been borrowed from the Spanish language where it means toasted. The color of the fabric reflects the fact as it looks like a bread that has been toasted." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chino_cloth", "http://www.ebay.com/gds/Whats-the-Difference-Between-Khakis-and-Chinos-/10000000177632336/g.html", "http://www.ebay.com/gds/Whats-the-Difference-Between-Khakis-and-Chinos-/10000000177632336/g.html", "http://www.orvis.com/news/products-we-love/chino-vs-khaki-do-you-know-the-difference/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chino_cloth", "http://www.wisegeek.org/what-are-chinos.htm", "http://www.orvis.com/news/products-we-love/chino-vs-khaki-do-you-know-the-difference/", "http://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-khaki-and-vs-chino/" ] }

[ "A pair of trousers made from chino cloth, generally referred to as chinos. Chino cloth (/ˌtʃiːnoʊ/ CHEE-noh) is a twill fabric, originally made of 100% cotton. The most common items made from it, trousers, are widely called chinos. Today it is also found in cotton-synthetic blends." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A restriction map is a map of known restriction sites within a sequence of DNA. Restriction mapping requires the use of restriction enzymes. In molecular biology, restriction maps are used as a reference to engineer plasmids or other relatively short pieces of DNA, and sometimes for longer genomic DNA. Based on the sizes of the resultant DNA fragments the positions of the sites can be inferred. Restriction mapping is a very useful technique when used for determining the orientation of an insert in a cloning vector, by mapping the position of an off-center restriction site in the insert (Dale, Von Schantz, 2003).", "One common method for constructing a restriction map involves digesting the unknown DNA sample in three ways. Here, two portions of the DNA sample are individually digested with different restriction enzymes, and a third portion of the DNA sample is double-digested with both restriction enzymes at the same time. This method relies upon the use of proteins called restriction enzymes, which can cut, or digest, DNA molecules at short, specific sequences called restriction sites.", "Restriction Mapping. Scientists can also use restriction enzymes to map plasmids, through a process called restriction mapping. A plasmid is a section of bacterial DNA that isn't included in the larger genome, or DNA sequence. Bacteria can pass plasmids back and forth, which spreads genes within a bacterial population. Specifically, bacteria use restriction enzymes to cut DNA at specific sites. This is useful to the bacteria for protecting against infection, but scientists can also take advantage of the function of a restriction enzyme and there are many different uses for restriction enzymes both by bacteria and in the lab.", "The animation below tells you that restriction endonucleases are very useful to molecular biologists. They cut DNA at specific locations and can be used to look for genetic diversity, to cut up DNA into smaller pieces, and/or to splice DNA from different sources into one molecule. In cells restriction endonucleases are used to cut up invading DNA from viruses. The restriction sites are ones found in viral DNA. ", "Restriction mapping is a method used to map an unknown segment of DNA by breaking it into pieces and then identifying the locations of the breakpoints. This method relies upon the use of proteins called restriction enzymes, which can cut, or digest, DNA molecules at short, specific sequences called restriction sites.", "A restriction map is a description of restriction endonuclease cleavage sites within a piece of DNA. Generating such a map is usually the first step in characterizing an unknown DNA, and a prerequisite to manipulating it for other purposes. Typically, restriction enzymes that cleave DNA infrequently (e.g. those with 6 bp recognition sites) and are relatively inexpensive are used to produce at a map. The DNA to be restriction mapped it usually contained within a well-characterized plasmid or bacteriophage vector for which the sequence is known. In fact, there are usually multiple known restriction sites immediately flanking the uncharacterized DNA, which facilitates making the map. The most straightforward method for restriction mapping is to digest samples of the plasmid with a set of individual enzymes, and with pairs of those enzymes." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restriction_map", "http://www.nature.com/scitable/definition/restriction-mapping-283", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/295842-the-uses-of-restriction-enzymes/", "http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/chapter17/restriction_endonucleases.html", "http://www.nature.com/scitable/definition/restriction-mapping-283", "http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu/hbooks/genetics/biotech/enzymes/maps.html" ] }

[ "A restriction map is a map of known restriction sites within a sequence of DNA. Restriction mapping requires the use of restriction enzymes. In molecular biology, restriction maps are used as a reference to engineer plasmids or other relatively short pieces of DNA, and sometimes for longer genomic DNA. Based on the sizes of the resultant DNA fragments the positions of the sites can be inferred. Restriction mapping is a very useful technique when used for determining the orientation of an insert in a cloning vector, by mapping the position of an off-center restriction site in the insert (Dale, Von Schantz, 2003)." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Metformin with a sulfonylurea: Your doctor will determine the dose of each medicine. 2 Metformin with insulin: At first, 500 mg once a day. 3 Then, your doctor may increase your dose by 500 mg every week if needed until your blood sugar is controlled. 4 However, the dose is usually not more than 2500 mg per day. 1 Your doctor may increase your dose if needed until your blood sugar is controlled. 2 However, the dose is usually not more than 2000 mg per day. 3 Metformin alone (Glumetza®): At first, 500 mg once a day taken with the evening meal. 4 Then, y", "The recommended starting dosage of both metformin and metformin ER for people taking insulin is 500 mg once daily. The maximum total daily dose for people taking insulin is 2500 mg for metformin and 2000 mg for metformin ER. Usually, when adding metformin to insulin, you should continue with your normal insulin dose. The recommended starting dosage of metformin is 500 mg twice daily. The dosage of metformin (Glucophage ®) or metformin ER (Glucophage XR ®) your healthcare provider prescribes will vary depending on a number of factors, including:", "The usual starting dose of GLUCOPHAGE (metformin hydrochloride) Tablets is 500 mg twice a day or 850 mg once a day, given with meals. Dosage increases should be made in increments of 500 mg weekly or 850 mg every 2 weeks, up to a total of 2000 mg per day, given in divided doses. Doses above 2000 mg may be better tolerated given 3 times a day with meals. The usual starting dose of GLUCOPHAGE XR (metformin hydrochloride) Extended-Release Tablets is 500 mg once daily with the evening meal. Dosage increases should be made in increments of 500 mg weekly, up to a maximum of 2000 mg once daily with the evening meal", "If higher doses of metformin are required, Metformin HCl, USP should be used at total daily doses up to 2550 mg administered in divided daily doses, as described above. (See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Clinical Studies .). Pediatrics-The usual starting dose of Metformin HCl, USP is 500 mg twice a day, given with meals. Dosage increases should be made in increments of 500 mg weekly up to a maximum of 2000 mg per day, given in divided doses. The maximum recommended daily dose is 2500 mg for Metformin HCl, USP. It is recommended that the insulin dose be decreased by 10% to 25% when fasting plasma glucose concentrations decrease to less than 120 mg/dL in patients receiving concomitant insulin and", "Pediatrics. The usual starting dose of GLUCOPHAGE is 500 mg twice a day, given with meals. Dosage increases should be made in increments of 500 mg weekly up to a maximum of 2000 mg per day, given in divided doses. Safety and effectiveness of GLUCOPHAGE XR in pediatric patients have not been established. Doses above 2000 mg may be better tolerated given 3 times a day with meals. The usual starting dose of GLUCOPHAGE XR (metformin hydrochloride) Extended-Release Tablets is 500 mg once daily with the evening meal. Dosage increases should be made in increments of 500 mg weekly, up to a maximum of 2000 mg once daily with the evening meal", "The usual starting dose of Metformin HCl Tablets, USP is 500 mg twice a day or 850 mg once a day, given with meals. Dosage increases should be made in increments of 500 mg weekly or 850 mg every 2 weeks, up to a total of 2000 mg per day, given in divided doses. The maximum recommended daily dose is 2500 mg for Metformin HCl, USP. It is recommended that the insulin dose be decreased by 10% to 25% when fasting plasma glucose concentrations decrease to less than 120 mg/dL in patients receiving concomitant insulin and", "1 Metformin with a sulfonylurea: Your doctor will determine the dose of each medicine. 2 Metformin with insulin: At first, 500 mg a day. 3 Your doctor may increase your dose by 500 mg every week if needed until your blood sugar is controlled. 4 However, the dose is usually not more than 2500 mg per day. 1 Your doctor may increase your dose if needed until your blood sugar is controlled. 2 However, the dose is usually not more than 2000 mg per day. 3 Metformin alone (Glumetza®): At first, 500 mg once a day taken with the evening meal. 4 Then, y", "1 Age 10 to 16 -- The recommended starting dose is metformin 500 mg twice daily. 2 The maximum dosing for people in this age group is metformin 2000 mg total per day, divided into two or three doses. 3 Age 17 and over -- The recommended starting dose is metformin 500 mg twice daily or 850 mg once daily. The recommended starting dosage of metformin is 500 mg twice daily. The dosage of metformin (Glucophage ®) or metformin ER (Glucophage XR ®) your healthcare provider prescribes will vary depending on a number of factors, including:", "The usual starting dose of GLUCOPHAGE is 500 mg twice a day, given with meals. Dosage increases should be made in increments of 500 mg weekly up to a maximum of 2000 mg per day, given in divided doses. Doses above 2000 mg may be better tolerated given 3 times a day with meals. The usual starting dose of GLUCOPHAGE XR (metformin hydrochloride) Extended-Release Tablets is 500 mg once daily with the evening meal. Dosage increases should be made in increments of 500 mg weekly, up to a maximum of 2000 mg once daily with the evening meal" ], "url": [ "http://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/metformin-oral-route/proper-use/DRG-20067074", "http://diabetes.emedtv.com/metformin/metformin-dosing.html", "http://www.rxlist.com/glucophage-drug/indications-dosage.htm", "http://www.druglib.com/druginfo/metformin/indications_dosage/", "http://www.rxlist.com/glucophage-drug/indications-dosage.htm", "http://www.druglib.com/druginfo/metformin/indications_dosage/", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/metformin-oral-route/proper-use/DRG-20067074", "http://diabetes.emedtv.com/metformin/metformin-dosing.html", "http://www.rxlist.com/glucophage-drug/indications-dosage.htm" ] }

[ "The usual starting dose of Metformin HCl Tablets, USP is 500 mg twice a day or 850 mg once a day, given with meals. Dosage increases should be made in increments of 500 mg weekly or 850 mg every 2 weeks, up to a total of 2000 mg per day, given in divided doses. The maximum recommended daily dose is 2500 mg for Metformin HCl, USP. It is recommended that the insulin dose be decreased by 10% to 25% when fasting plasma glucose concentrations decrease to less than 120 mg/dL in patients receiving concomitant insulin and" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "The Komodo dragon is the largest living lizard. The largest verified specimen reached a length of 10.3 feet (3.13 m) and weighed 366 pounds (166 kg). This may have included a substantial amount of undigested food. More typical weights for the largest wild dragons are about 154 pounds (70 kg). ", "Size & characteristics. The average size of a male Komodo dragon is 8 to 9 feet and about 200 lbs., according to the Smithsonian National Zoological Park, but they can reach a whopping 10 feet (3 meters) in length. Females grow to 6 feet (1.8 m). Komodo dragons are a species of monitor lizard, which are large reptiles found in Africa and across Asia. The taxonomy of Komodo dragons, according to the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS), is: 1 Kingdom: Animalia.", "The Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis), also known as the Komodo monitor, is a large species of lizard found in the Indonesian islands of Komodo, Rinca, Flores, Gili Motang, and Padar. The Komodo dragon is a vulnerable species and is on the IUCN Red List. There are approximately 4,000 to 5,000 living Komodo dragons in the wild. Their populations are restricted to the islands of Gili Motang (100), Gili Dasami (100), Rinca (1,300), Komodo (1,700), and Flores (perhaps 2,000).", "Interesting Komodo Dragon Facts: Komodo dragons are the largest lizards. They can reach 10 feet in length and weigh up to 200 pounds. They are carnivores (meat-eaters) who like to eat pigs, deer, snakes, fish and water buffalos. Adult komodo dragons are cannibals (eat their own species) and 10% of their diet is made of newly hatched Komodo dragons. Komodo dragons look like mythical creatures, but in fact, they are just large lizards. They live on 4 island of Indonesia: Komodo, Flores, Rinca and Gili Motang.", "1 The Komodo dragon is the largest and heaviest living lizard in the world. 2 Komodo dragons eat almost any kind of meat. 3 Komodo Dragons are easily confused with crocodiles, in fact: They are called the “Ora” or land crocodile by locals. 4 They are able to grow as long as 10 feet and weigh about 300 pounds. Komodo Dragon Facts. 1 The Komodo dragon is the largest and heaviest living lizard in the world. 2 Komodo dragons eat almost any kind of meat. 3 Komodo Dragons are easily confused with crocodiles, in fact: They are called the “Ora” or land crocodile by locals." ], "url": [ "http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Animals/ReptilesAmphibians/Facts/FactSheets/Komododragon.cfm", "http://www.livescience.com/27402-komodo-dragons.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komodo_dragon", "http://www.softschools.com/facts/animals/komodo_dragon_facts/18/", "http://www.komododragonfacts.com/facts.html" ] }

[ "1 The Komodo dragon is the largest and heaviest living lizard in the world. 2 Komodo dragons eat almost any kind of meat. 3 Komodo Dragons are easily confused with crocodiles, in fact: They are called the “Ora” or land crocodile by locals. 4 They are able to grow as long as 10 feet and weigh about 300 pounds. Komodo Dragon Facts. 1 The Komodo dragon is the largest and heaviest living lizard in the world. 2 Komodo dragons eat almost any kind of meat. 3 Komodo Dragons are easily confused with crocodiles, in fact: They are called the “Ora” or land crocodile by locals." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Microbiologist: Educational Requirements for a Career in Microbiology. Microbiologists require a significant amount of formal education. Learn about the education requirements and job duties to see if a career in microbiology is right for you. View 10 Popular Schools ». Essential Information. Microbiologists study microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, algae, fungi and microscopic parasites. Microbiologists typically complete at least a bachelor's degree program in microbiology or a related biological science. In order to enter some fields, such as teaching or advanced research, microbiologists may need to complete an advanced degree program", "Educational Requirements for Microbiologists. To become a microbiologist, a person needs to complete a bachelor's degree program in microbiology. These programs introduce students to concepts in bioinformatics, virology and immunology. Essential Information. Microbiologists study microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, algae, fungi and microscopic parasites. Microbiologists typically complete at least a bachelor's degree program in microbiology or a related biological science. In order to enter some fields, such as teaching or advanced research, microbiologists may need to complete an advanced degree program", "What’s more, those with advanced degrees such as a Ph.D. can command higher salaries because of their extensive knowledge and schooling in the subject area. Salaries for microbiologists can range from $20,000 per year to more than $100,000 per year. Beginning microbiologists with bachelor’s degrees can expect to be closer to the $20,000 range, while those with doctoral degrees can expect to earn about $40,000 per year until they have gained experience in practice.", "Microbiologist Salary Canada: According to Service Canada, the average salary of workers in the Biologists and Related Scientists occupational group is $56,406 per year. More than 55% of workers in this occupational group earn over $50,000 per year. Microbiologist Salary United States: According to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, workers in the Microbiologists occupational group earn a median salary of $65,920 per year. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $39,180 and the top 10 percent earned more than $115,72", "Many work in scientific research and development or for pharmaceutical companies, government or universities. As of 2011, they received average annual salaries $71,720, but 10 percent earned at least $115,700, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Although a bachelor's degree is the minimum job qualification, many microbiologist positions require graduate degrees. A master's degree or higher is required for most microbiology jobs, including those in applied research, inspection, product development and community college teaching.", "Learn about the education and preparation needed to become a microbiologist. Get a quick view of the requirements as well as details about degree programs, job duties and specialization options to find out if this is the career for you. View 10 Popular Schools ». Some microbiologists do research to simply advance human knowledge, while others have a particular goal in mind. Degrees are available at the bachelor's, master's and doctoral degree level to meet a variety of career options.", "Microbiologists study the growth and characteristics of microscopic organisms such as viruses. A bachelor’s degree in microbiology or a closely related field is needed for entry-level microbiologist jobs. A Ph.D. is needed to carry out independent research and to work in universities. $34,750. The median annual wage for microbiologists was $66,260 in May 2012. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $39,720, and the top 10 percent earned more than $117,690.", "The level of education required of microbiologists can vary greatly. For some positions, you may only need an associate's degree in chemistry or biology, while other openings will require you to earn a PhD in microbiology. Career Information At a Glance. Microbiologists study tiny organisms such as bacteria, algae and viruses, most often working in a laboratory setting using biotechnology instruments. The following chart gives you an overview of the education and job outlook for this field.", "The median salary for a beginning microbiologist with a Ph.D. in 2006 was $38,392 per year, while the median salary for a microbiologist with five to eight years of experience was $70,567. The median salary for those with more than eight years’ experience was $79,952. Beginning microbiologists with bachelor’s degrees can expect to be closer to the $20,000 range, while those with doctoral degrees can expect to earn about $40,000 per year until they have gained experience in practice." ], "url": [ "http://study.com/articles/Microbiologist_Educational_Requirements_for_a_Career_in_Microbiology.html", "http://study.com/articles/Microbiologist_Educational_Requirements_for_a_Career_in_Microbiology.html", "http://www.aboutbioscience.org/careers/microbiologist", "http://www.academicinvest.com/science-careers/biology-careers/how-to-become-a-microbiologist", "http://work.chron.com/need-become-microbiologist-7907.html", "http://study.com/microbiologist.html", "http://www.bls.gov/ooh/life-physical-and-social-science/microbiologists.htm", "http://learn.org/articles/Microbiologist_Career_Profile_Job_Outlook_and_Education_Requirements.html", "http://www.aboutbioscience.org/careers/microbiologist" ] }

[ "Educational Requirements for Microbiologists. To become a microbiologist, a person needs to complete a bachelor's degree program in microbiology. These programs introduce students to concepts in bioinformatics, virology and immunology. Essential Information. Microbiologists study microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, algae, fungi and microscopic parasites. Microbiologists typically complete at least a bachelor's degree program in microbiology or a related biological science. In order to enter some fields, such as teaching or advanced research, microbiologists may need to complete an advanced degree program" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "We have 985 acres of hiking trails, over 1 mile of Lake Michigan beach for sunbathing and swimming. Open to hunting and fishing, has three geologically ancient lakes behind the dunes. Picnic shelter and cross country skiing. Dogs on a leash are allowed within the beach and swimming area.", "Welcome to Silver Lake Sand Dunes, where it’s always time to ‘Come out and Play’. Located along Lake Michigan’s sweeping shoreline between Muskegon and Ludington, Michigan, Silver Lake Sand Dunes Area is just a few hours from Chicago, Detroit, Traverse City and the Mackinac Bridge.", "Dogs are not allowed in park buildings or swim beaches, but are welcome in the campgrounds and hiking trails (see Public Beaches above). There is also an area called Sargent Sand Lake along Piney Ridge Road that is not an actual beach--but it is on State Park property and dogs are allowed in the water there. At no time should your dog be left unattended.", "Loomis Street Boat Ramp, at the end of Ludington Avenue, has a small beach area where pets are welcome to roam. They are not allowed on Stearns Beach at any time, but can still experience the fun of splashing in Lake Michigan. They can be off leash here also.", "Silver Lake Resort and Campground Pet Policy. Dogs are allowed at Silver Lake Resort and Campground, but they must be kept on a leash when outside your vehicle and not left unattended at any time. You must clean up all messes. Pets are not allowed in the bathhouse, store, or playground. Pets must not disturb other campers with barking or aggressive behavior.", "Dogs are not allowed in park buildings or swim beaches, but are welcome in the campgrounds and hiking trails (see Public Beaches above). There is also an area called Sargent Sand Lake along Piney Ridge Road that is not an actual beach--but it is on State Park property and dogs are allowed in the water there." ], "url": [ "http://www.michigan.org/property/grand-mere-state-park-dog-friendly/", "http://www.thinkdunes.com/", "http://www.visitsilverlake.com/stories/pet_friendly_places_in_ludington", "http://www.visitsilverlake.com/stories/pet_friendly_places_in_ludington", "http://www.bringfido.com/lodging/160457/", "http://www.lakemichigansanddunes.com/stories/pet_friendly_places_in_ludington" ] }

[ "Dogs are not allowed in park buildings or swim beaches, but are welcome in the campgrounds and hiking trails (see Public Beaches above). There is also an area called Sargent Sand Lake along Piney Ridge Road that is not an actual beach--but it is on State Park property and dogs are allowed in the water there. At no time should your dog be left unattended." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The following documents are required for the burial of a stillborn baby: 1 Form PR315: perinatal medical certificate of cause of death (completed by doctor). 2 Form PR13: perinatal form of information of death (completed by the funeral director with the assistance of the parents). The law requires that stillborn babies be either cremated or buried. The procedures are: 1 the birth must be registered by the parents in the normal way. 2 if the doctor requests a post-mortem, a consent form must be signed by the parent.", "Low cost cremation is available in Tucson for between $660 and $995. Cremation prices do vary considerably between providers, so it is important to check around and ensure that the cremation price quoted for a low cost cremation equitably compares. Check exactly what is included. The National Funeral Directors Association’s survey of 2012 posited the average cost of a funeral in the U.S. at $7,045 (without any cemetery charges). Yet a cremation service will cost in the region of $3,000 – $4,000. It doesn’t take much to work out why our nation is turning to cremation!", "A traditional funeral can cost in the region of $10,000 (when you include cemetery fees). The National Funeral Directors Association’s survey of 2012 posited the average cost of a funeral in the U.S. at $7,045 (without any cemetery charges). Yet a cremation service will cost in the region of $3,000 – $4,000. It doesn’t take much to work out why our nation is turning to cremation!", "Miscarriages. Although not legally required, some parents may want to arrange a burial or cremation for their miscarriage. For a cremation or burial in a cemetery, parents must engage a funeral director. This will incur costs. The law requires that stillborn babies be either cremated or buried. The procedures are: 1 the birth must be registered by the parents in the normal way. 2 if the doctor requests a post-mortem, a consent form must be signed by the parent.", "End-of-life expenses such as funerals and burials can cost up to $2,500 for an infant, and most parents are not prepared for this expense. Upon approval, Angel Names Association can provide financial assistance for end-of-life expenses and counseling services for U.S. families of stillborn children. FOR FAMILIES. SEOLE. ", "The health authority may offer to arrange a burial or cremation, free of charge, for every stillborn baby, whether born in hospital or at home. You should discuss the funeral arrangements with the hospital staff. If you accept the offer, the baby will be cremated or buried at a simple ceremony. ", "Documents required for cremation. The following documents are required before the cremation of a stillborn baby: 1 PR315: perinatal medical certificate of cause of death (completed by the doctor). 2 PR13: perinatal form of information of death (completed by the funeral director). The law requires that stillborn babies be either cremated or buried. The procedures are: 1 the birth must be registered by the parents in the normal way. 2 if the doctor requests a post-mortem, a consent form must be signed by the parent.", "Stillbirth: Surviving Emotionally. Stillbirth is one of the most devastating of losses, affecting over 25,000 families each year. Stillbirth touches families of all races, religion and socio-economic status. For many parents stillbirth is a loss that hits unexpectedly. In fact, up to half of all stillbirths occur in pregnancies that had seemed problem-free.", "Application for cremation of stillborn baby This form can only be completed by a person who is at least 16 years of age. Please complete this form in full, if a part does not apply enter ‘N/A’. ", "Take your time. Don't feel pressured to make decisions you're not ready to make. Once you've registered your baby, the registrar will give you a certificate for burial or cremation. By law, a baby must be buried or cremated if he or she is stillborn at or after 24 weeks. Most, but not all hospitals offer to arrange a funeral (Sands 2014) . You don't need to make plans immediately, if you don't want to. Your baby’s body will be kept safely until you have decided what arrangements you wish to make. It is an opportunity to name their baby officially. First of all, your doctor or midwife will issue a Medical Certificate of Stillbirth. This should be taken to the nearest register office within 42 days in England and Wales, and within 21 days in Scotland." ], "url": [ "http://www.legalanswers.sl.nsw.gov.au/guides/wills_estates/stillborn_babies.html", "http://dfsmemorials.com/cremation-blog/direct-cremation-costs-tucson-az/", "http://dfsmemorials.com/cremation-blog/direct-cremation-costs-tucson-az/", "http://www.legalanswers.sl.nsw.gov.au/guides/wills_estates/stillborn_babies.html", "http://angelnames.org/Programs/", "http://williamsfunerals.com/faq/faq.htm", "http://www.legalanswers.sl.nsw.gov.au/guides/wills_estates/stillborn_babies.html", "http://americanpregnancy.org/pregnancy-loss/stillborn-surviving-emotionally/", "http://www.iccm-uk.com/iccm/library/Cremation%20Form%203.pdf", "http://www.babycentre.co.uk/a1039803/practical-arrangements-when-a-baby-is-stillborn-at-24-weeks-and-later" ] }

[ "Low cost cremation is available in Tucson for between $660 and $995. Cremation prices do vary considerably between providers, so it is important to check around and ensure that the cremation price quoted for a low cost cremation equitably compares. Check exactly what is included. The National Funeral Directors Association’s survey of 2012 posited the average cost of a funeral in the U.S. at $7,045 (without any cemetery charges). Yet a cremation service will cost in the region of $3,000 – $4,000. It doesn’t take much to work out why our nation is turning to cremation!" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Anonymous said... Anonymous 10:18, Bobby Brown may have played a role in doing alot of things in his life as well as with the marriage to Whitney, but even her sister n law stated that Bobby Brown did not introduce her to drugs. Bobby did NOT get Whitney on drugs. She was on them WAY before they got together. She was feeling conflict about her lesbian relationship with Robin AND the stress of being so young but one of the biggest pop stars on earth also got to her.", "Yesterday, Whitney Houston’s final autopsy report was released to the media and others who immediately began misinterpreting the coroner’s findings. There is so much misinformation surrounding the autopsy report. Sketches made by the coroner indicates the condition Whitney’s body was found in after it arrived at the coroner’s office. This means, abrasions and other lacerations found on Whitney’s body were likely caused by the frantic attempts to pull her out of the tub and to revive her.", "For Foley, the betrayal became obvious in the winter of 1994-'95 when his task force tried to serve arrest warrants against Bulger and his No. 2 man in South Boston's Winter Hill Gang, Stephen Rifleman Flemmi. Under the plan, Foley's men would take down Flemmi, and the FBI would handle Bulger. Editor's Note: This article was written shortly after Whitey Bulger's arrest in June 2011. (CNN) -- James Whitey Bulger left Boston 16 years ago in the dark of night, a brash high-echelon FBI snitch one step ahead of a racketeering indictment.", "Bobby Brown Breaks His Silence. In his first interview since the tragic death of Whitney Houston Bobby Brown sits down with The Today Show's Matt Lauer and reveals some shocking and not so shocking truths.... Bobby did NOT get Whitney on drugs. She was on them WAY before they got together. She was feeling conflict about her lesbian relationship with Robin AND the stress of being so young but one of the biggest pop stars on earth also got to her.", "In the end it meant a lot to his identity. His whole professional identity was tied inextricably to Whitey.. At his sentencing, Connolly denied taking money or gifts from Bulger's but acknowleged that rubbing elbows with the mob boss was part of his job. He did what the FBI wanted him to do, his attorney argued. Editor's Note: This article was written shortly after Whitey Bulger's arrest in June 2011. (CNN) -- James Whitey Bulger left Boston 16 years ago in the dark of night, a brash high-echelon FBI snitch one step ahead of a racketeering indictment.", "We do not want you as a member, we do not care if you need to see if your informant/rat is listed in our database. bottom line is that you have your data bases on us, the general public and this web site/database is for us the general public to use. so Stay the *@%$ off of this this web site. -------------------------. Question: I love whosarat.com, I appreciate what you guys are doing and what you stand for. I would like to make a donation to support this web site and/or a personal donation to support Sean Bucci the W.A.R Founder.", "Whitney Houston’s only child, Bobbi Kristina Brown, is reportedly brain dead following an apparent suicide attempt at her Roswell home early Saturday, according to a source. Brown, 21, was found submerged face down in a bathtub filled with water at her townhouse in the Ellard Subdivision just north of Atlanta. Brown’s mother, singer Whitney Houston was pronounced dead at age 48 after she drowned in a bathtub at the Beverly Hilton Hotel on February 11, 2012. The coroner ruled Whitney’s death an accidental drowning, but drugs were found in her system.", "These are the facts that we do know: 1. Whitney Houston was an adult and chose to use drugs of her own free will. 2. She chose to put drugs above everything else in her life: Her mother's love for her; her daughter and her need for a sober mother and a stable environment; her career and her truly gifted voice. 3. Bobby did NOT get Whitney on drugs. She was on them WAY before they got together. She was feeling conflict about her lesbian relationship with Robin AND the stress of being so young but one of the biggest pop stars on earth also got to her.", "Postmodernism is a late-20th-century movement in the arts, architecture, and criticism that was a departure from modernism. Postmodernism includes skeptical interpretations of culture, literature, art, philosophy, history, economics, architecture, fiction, and literary criticism. In 1949 the term was used to describe a dissatisfaction with modern architecture, and led to the postmodern architecture movement, perhaps also a response to the modernist architectural movement known as the International Style." ], "url": [ "http://www.rhymeswithsnitch.com/2012/04/bobby-brown-breaks-his-silence.html", "http://sandrarose.com/2012/04/whitneys-final-coroners-report-gives-rise-to-misinformation/", "http://www.cnn.com/2011/CRIME/06/27/whitey.bulger.crimes/index.html", "http://www.rhymeswithsnitch.com/2012/04/bobby-brown-breaks-his-silence.html", "http://www.cnn.com/2011/CRIME/06/27/whitey.bulger.crimes/index.html", "https://www.whosarat.com/aboutus.php", "http://sandrarose.com/2015/02/bobbi-kristina-reportedly-brain-dead-estranged-husband-barred-from-seeing-her/", "http://www.rhymeswithsnitch.com/2012/04/bobby-brown-breaks-his-silence.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postmodernism" ] }

[ "In the end it meant a lot to his identity. His whole professional identity was tied inextricably to Whitey.. At his sentencing, Connolly denied taking money or gifts from Bulger's but acknowleged that rubbing elbows with the mob boss was part of his job. He did what the FBI wanted him to do, his attorney argued. Editor's Note: This article was written shortly after Whitey Bulger's arrest in June 2011. (CNN) -- James Whitey Bulger left Boston 16 years ago in the dark of night, a brash high-echelon FBI snitch one step ahead of a racketeering indictment." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Earthworm enemies include ants, springtails, centipedes, slugs, mites, certain beetle larvae, birds, rats, snakes, moles, mice, gophers, toads, and other insects or animals which feed on worms or molest them. ", "Tape worms are not round worms. A tape worm is a flat worm. Both are intestinal parasites and feed off the nutrients that are provided by the host. A tapeworm is segme … nted and the segments break off and look like little grains of rice. A round worm is long and round. In large quantities they resemble spaghetti. Worm farming is raising worms that can be used for fishing, composting, feed for fish and other animals. Worm composting is the use of worms to compost household waste. Items … such as table scraps (no meat or dairy), cardboard, paper(no colored newsprint) can be feed to the worms.", "Reference: Ohio State University Extension. The earthworm has many enemies, including mites, ants, centipedes, earwigs, nematodes, fly larvae, termites, springtails, sowbugs, snails, slugs, millipedes, spiders, birds, rats, mice, moles, gophers, toads and snakes. The best method to avoid problems is to not overfeed your earthworms. Although live, healthy worms are not harmed; the injured or dead ones are eaten. These mites can become so populated that most of the food is eaten in one night. After wetting the bed, mites swarm to the surface, often covering the entire bed. Red mites are parasites that suck earthworm blood while they are attached.", "Of all the creatures in your garden, earthworms are probably the most important. They are the digesters of organic material and the makers of fluffy, healthy soil. Much as we love them, however, they do have their enemies...in the form of predators. These long, slimy, longitudinal-striped worms with a flattened head -- a native of Indo-China that hitched a ride on greenhouse plants -- will actually melt earthworms with an enzyme before slurping them up. And they do it a lot. Blech. The best control if you see a flatworm is to spray it with citrus oil or vinegar.", "Lucky for us, these worms are only odoriferous to their predators. Red worms, or red wigglers, have a substance inside their bodies called colemomic fluid. This self-defense mechanism is foul tasting to birds or other predators attempting to have them for lunch. When the worm is startled or senses danger, it squirts this yellow fluid from behind, in hopes of discouraging it's attacker.", "1 On the surface, Worms have a 1/400 (0.25%) chance of dropping from short grass, 1/200 (0.5%) chance from tall grass, and 1/6 chance (16.7%) chance from dirt piles. Notes [edit | edit source]. 1 On the surface, Worms have a 1/400 (0.25%) chance of dropping from short grass, 1/200 (0.5%) chance from tall grass, and 1/6 chance (16.7%) chance from dirt piles. 2 These values are taken from the game code.", "The Worm is a Critter that spawns underground, or on the surface during rain. Worms also have a chance to spawn on the surface when the player breaks stone or dirt piles, or grass, which causes them to fly out. Breaking larger rocks in the background has a high possibility of releasing worms. Notes [edit | edit source]. 1 On the surface, Worms have a 1/400 (0.25%) chance of dropping from short grass, 1/200 (0.5%) chance from tall grass, and 1/6 chance (16.7%) chance from dirt piles. 2 These values are taken from the game code.", "At 70% protein, earthworms make a nice meaty snack for birds, reptiles and mammals, especially moles. Because we certainly don't want to go around wiping out birds, reptiles and mammals, we'll let them have their share. But there are some sinister characters lurking in the soil. These long, slimy, longitudinal-striped worms with a flattened head -- a native of Indo-China that hitched a ride on greenhouse plants -- will actually melt earthworms with an enzyme before slurping them up. And they do it a lot. Blech. The best control if you see a flatworm is to spray it with citrus oil or vinegar.", "Worms are enemies appearing in Link: The Faces of Evil. Worms are small and easily defeated by most of Link 's weapons. However, due to their size it can be difficult to hit them with Link 's sword, making projectile weapons ideal for dispatching them. Categories : ", "What worms eat depends in part on where they live. Worms can live closer to the surface or much deeper underground. On the surface, worms eat a variety of organic materials, s … uch as dead grass and leaves that have fallen from the trees. There are microscopic organisms that live on these leaves. These organisms provide the worm with a variety of algae, fungi and bacteria that are essential for the worm's diet. Worms that live deeper under the ground have a diet that is primarily raw dirt. The worms eat the bacteria, fungi and algae that are in the dirt. The dirt passes through the worm and comes out in what is known as worm casts. This is a nice way of saying excrement. These casts are very beneficial to the plants in your garden" ], "url": [ "http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/archives/parsons/publications/worm/worm.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Who_are_worms_enemies", "http://www.ncbuy.com/flowers/articles/01_10236.html", "http://davesgarden.com/guides/articles/view/53/", "http://www.earthwormworks.com/about-red-worms.html", "http://terraria.gamepedia.com/Worm", "http://terraria.gamepedia.com/Worm", "http://davesgarden.com/guides/articles/view/53/", "http://zeldawiki.org/Worm_(Enemy)", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_are_enemies_of_an_earthworm" ] }

[ "Earthworm enemies include ants, springtails, centipedes, slugs, mites, certain beetle larvae, birds, rats, snakes, moles, mice, gophers, toads, and other insects or animals which feed on worms or molest them. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The usual cat gestation period is 58 to 65 days, that is, about nine weeks or a little over two months. However, the cat can have a normal delivery approximately five days before or after the stipulated date too. So, over all, the cat pregnancy period can be as short as 58 days or go up to 70 days. If the owner is breeding the cat, he will be able to keep a check on the gestation period.", "The gestation period for a cat is 63-65 days. This varies between cat though, and anywhere between 60 to 70 days is normal. ", "How Long is the Gestation Period. The standard gestation period for cats is about 60 to 70 days, the equivalent of about two months. This will be a period of ups and downs for your pregnant cat. She may go from being contented and affectionate, to agitated, and back again during this time. When the gestation period for cats is finally over, It can be a very exciting time. When it’s time for your cat to give birth, you will know. She will most likely go into hiding for very long periods of time.", "Gestation is just a fancy word for the period of pregnancy in cats. If you are a cat owner who has recently discovered that your cat is pregnant, you need to get a clear understanding of the gestation period for cats. When the gestation period for cats is finally over, It can be a very exciting time. When it’s time for your cat to give birth, you will know. She will most likely go into hiding for very long periods of time.", "If your cat was in heat and had access to a whole male cat, the likelihood that she is pregnant is very strong. A pregnant queen will show both physical and personality changes which will become more evident around three weeks after breeding. The gestation period for cats runs from 60 to 67 days. I like to use 63 days as an average, because it is easier to equate with human gestation (nine weeks vs nine months).", "A typical healthy gestation period for a domestic cat is typically anywhere from 57 to 69 days, but you'll hear different numbers in or around that range, even from veterinarians. The number 65 is often mentioned as the ideal time frame. The entire cat gestation period, while not all that long, is very stressful for your cat. Make sure that your vet is fully involved in the pregnancy and that you report anything that may be a possible health issue for your cat during this time.", "Gestation Period for Cats. The most common gestation period of cats will last between 63 and 67 days but variations up to 71 have been noted. This is nothing to be alarmed about but it might be good to pay extra attention to the cat's behavior. ", "Cat gestation period varies from cat to cat-much like humans! The average gestation period for cats is about 65 days, with most lasting between 63 and 67 days. Having said that, cat pregnancy can last anywhere between about 57 and 70 days. An easy way to remember the gestation period of a cat is to think of each week of cat pregnancy as equivalent to a month of human pregnancy. So, 9 weeks of a cat pregnancy is 63 days (equivalent to 9 months of a full-term human pregnancy).", "Pregnancy (or the gestation period) lasts for 58 to 63 days in queens. Individual cats may vary but you should inform your veterinarian if your queen's pregnancy exceeds 64 days. ", "When progesterone levels are used to gauge ovulation, the feline gestation period usually falls within a more refined timespan of about 63 to 66 days (i.e. more accurate) from the time of the first progesterone level increase. It is because the cat gestation period is defined using a starting point of: a successful mating that the wide variation in stated feline gestation periods exists." ], "url": [ "http://www.pethealthandcare.com/blog/cat-health/how-long-are-cats-pregnant.html", "http://www.cat-world.com.au/pregnancy-in-cats", "http://www.petyak.com/cats/kittens/articles/gestation-period-for-cats/", "http://www.petyak.com/cats/kittens/articles/gestation-period-for-cats/", "http://cats.about.com/od/reproduction/a/pregnant_signs.htm", "http://www.cat-lovers-only.com/cat-gestation-period.html", "http://www.catsunited.com/html/gestation_period.html", "http://www.cat-behavior-explained.com/cat-gestation-period.html", "http://www.vetwest.com.au/pet-library/pregnancy-and-your-cat", "http://www.pet-informed-veterinary-advice-online.com/cat-gestation-period.html" ] }

[ "Cat gestation period varies from cat to cat-much like humans! The average gestation period for cats is about 65 days, with most lasting between 63 and 67 days. Having said that, cat pregnancy can last anywhere between about 57 and 70 days. An easy way to remember the gestation period of a cat is to think of each week of cat pregnancy as equivalent to a month of human pregnancy. So, 9 weeks of a cat pregnancy is 63 days (equivalent to 9 months of a full-term human pregnancy)." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Calculate the volume of a cylinder. It works out to 1.4 cubic feet of sand for every foot of length of the casing. A yard of sand is 27 cubic feet, divided by the 1.4 cu/ft = 19 feet of 16″ casing can be filled with a yard of sand. ", "When you ask how many cubic feet there are in a yard I think you mean How many cubic feet in a cubic yard?. Building contractors quite often use the term yard when they mean cubic yards.. When someone talks about yards of concrete or yards of topsoil they really mean cubic yards. A cubic yard is the volume of a box that is 1 yard long, 1 yard wide and 1 yard high. So how many cubic foot boxes could you fit inside a cubic yard box? One yard is three feet so you can fit 3 3 = 9 cubic foot boxes on the bottom of a cubic yard box. To fill the box you need 3 such layers so there are. 3 3 3 = 27. Cubic feet in a cubic yard", "First off, why would someone need to convert square feet to cubic feet? As an example, lets say you have a 12 square foot garden, and you want to buy topsoil for it. Since topsoil is sold by the cubic foot, how many cubic feet of topsoil do you need for a 12 square foot garden? I will use this for my example. ", "The answer is 46656. We assume you are converting between cubic inch and cubic yard. You can view more details on each measurement unit: cubic inch or cubic yard. The SI derived unit for volume is the cubic meter. 1 cubic meter is equal to 61023.7438368 cubic inch, or 1.30795061379 cubic yard. ", "A cubic measurement is the three-dimensional derivative of a linear measure, so a cubic foot is defined as the volume of a cube with sides 1 ft in length. In metric terms a cubic foot is a cube with sides 0.3048 metres in length. ", "Cubic feet to cubic yards conversion table shows the most common values for the quick reference. Alternatively, you may use the converter below to convert any other values. 1 Cubic Foot = 0.037037037 Cubic Yards. Cubic foot is an imperial, u.s. customary unit. The abbreviations for this unit are cu ft and ft 3 . Cubic yard is an imperial, u.s. customary unit and defined as a cube with sides are one yard in length. Several symbols are used as abbreviation for this unit, but mostly cu yd and yd 3 are used. ", "Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2009). A cubic yard is an Imperial / U.S. customary (non-SI non-metric) unit of volume, used in the United States, Canada, and the UK. It is defined as the volume of a cube with sides of 1 yard (3 feet, 36 inches, 0.9144 metres) in length. ", "George, A cubic yard is a yard cubed. So. (1 yard) 3 = 1 3 yard 3 = 1 yard 3 = 1 cubic yard. Since 1 yard = 3 feet, we have. 1 cubic yard = (1 yard) 3 = (3 feet) 3 = 3 3 feet 3 = 27 cubic feet. Simply put, when dealing with square or cubic units, you square or cube the appropriate conversion factor.", "First of all you can't measure cubic feet in a yard. A yard by definition is 36 long and a cubic foot is 3x3x3=27. It's like asking how many feet in a inch. Can't be done but you can figure how many inches in a foot. Try this link for understanding The word yard is used in two different senses. In the usual sense a yard is a length.", "Alternatively, you may use the converter below to convert any other values. 1 Cubic Yard = 27 Cubic Feet. Cubic Yard is an imperial, u.s. customary unit and defined as a cube with sides are one yard in length. The abbreviations are cu yd, and yd 3 . Cubic Foot is an imperial, u.s. customary unit and defined as a cube with sides are one foot in length. Several symbols are used as abbreviation for this unit, but mostly cu ft and ft 3 are used. For other volume unit conversions, please go to Volume Conversion." ], "url": [ "http://www.todayshomeowner.com/cubic-yard-calculator/", "http://mathcentral.uregina.ca/QQ/database/QQ.09.04/carol3.html", "http://www.onlineconversion.com/faq_01.htm", "http://www.convertunits.com/from/cubic+inch/to/cubic+yard", "http://www.metric-conversions.org/volume/cubic-feet-to-cubic-yards.htm", "http://www.asknumbers.com/CubicFeetToCubicYards.aspx", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubic_yard", "http://mathcentral.uregina.ca/QQ/database/QQ.09.06/h/george2.html", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090428072847AAPqXFb", "http://www.asknumbers.com/cubic-yard-to-cubic-feet.aspx" ] }

[ "When you ask how many cubic feet there are in a yard I think you mean How many cubic feet in a cubic yard?. Building contractors quite often use the term yard when they mean cubic yards.. When someone talks about yards of concrete or yards of topsoil they really mean cubic yards. A cubic yard is the volume of a box that is 1 yard long, 1 yard wide and 1 yard high. So how many cubic foot boxes could you fit inside a cubic yard box? One yard is three feet so you can fit 3 3 = 9 cubic foot boxes on the bottom of a cubic yard box. To fill the box you need 3 such layers so there are. 3 3 3 = 27. Cubic feet in a cubic yard" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Within the Krebs cycle, energy in the form of ATP is usually derived from the breakdown of glucose, although fats and proteins can also be utilized as energy sources. Since glucose can pass through cell membranes, it transports energy from one part of the body to another.", "The citric acid cycle — also known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), the Krebs cycle, or the Szent-Gyoergyi-Györgyi krebs — cycle is a series of-enzyme catalysed chemical, reactions which is of central importance in all living cells that use oxygen as part of cellular. respiration", "This oxaloacetic acid is the beginning point of the cycle once more. The Krebs cycle manufactures high-energy phosphate compounds, which are the main source of cellular energy. Impairment of the production of ATP by the mitochondria has long been thought to cause chronic illness.", ": 24 Molecules of ATP / Molecule of Glucose. : 20 Molecules of ATP / Molecule of Glucose. The Krebs cycle is the primary metabolic pathway through which aerobic energy is released from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in a useable form. When measuring the energy production of the Krebs cycle, the output is measured in molecules of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) per molecule of glucose.", "When oxygen is unavailable or the Krebs’ cycle is inhibited, the body shifts its energy production from the Krebs’ cycle to the Embden Meyerhof pathway of glycolysis, a very inefficient way of making energy. As well as producing far less energy, glycolysis also produces lactic acid as a byproduct.", "The Krebs Cycle (also known as the Citric Acid or Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle) is the process through which aerobic cellular metabolism occurs. Hans Krebs received the 1953 Nobel Prize in Medicine for his “discovery” of the citric acid cycle.", "The Krebs cycle is the fundamental process involving production and usage of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). According to the Genetic Home Reference from the U.S. National Library of Medicine of the National Institutes of Health, ATP is a substance that provides energy for many metabolic processes in all living cells.", "Since one molecule of glucose produces two molecules of Acetyl–CoA, the Krebs cycle’s energy output is usually expressed as the product of the two cycles necessary to breakdown both Acetyl–CoA’s. Two Krebs cycles create two GTP, Guanosine triphosphate, which can be readily converted into 2 ATP." ], "url": [ "http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-the-krebs-cycle.htm", "https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principles_of_Biochemistry/Krebs_cycle_or_Citric_acid_cycle", "http://phoenixrising.me/archives/14280", "https://www.wyzant.com/resources/lessons/science/biology/krebs-cycle", "http://nutritionreview.org/2013/04/krebs-cycle-intermediates/", "https://www.wyzant.com/resources/lessons/science/biology/krebs-cycle", "http://phoenixrising.me/archives/14280", "https://www.wyzant.com/resources/lessons/science/biology/krebs-cycle" ] }

[ ": 24 Molecules of ATP / Molecule of Glucose. : 20 Molecules of ATP / Molecule of Glucose. The Krebs cycle is the primary metabolic pathway through which aerobic energy is released from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in a useable form. When measuring the energy production of the Krebs cycle, the output is measured in molecules of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) per molecule of glucose." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Fundal height. Fundal height is generally defined as the distance from the pubic bone to the top of the uterus measured in centimeters. After the first 16 weeks of pregnancy, your fundal height measurement often matches the number of weeks you've been pregnant. For example, if you're 27 weeks pregnant, your health care provider would expect your fundal height to be about 27 centimeters. It isn't unusual, however, for your fundal height to measure somewhat smaller or larger than expected. This might happen if you: 1 Have a high body mass index.", "The fundal height is the measurement from the top of your pubic bone to the top of your fundus. Your doctor or midwife will normally start measuring this during your second trimester, possibly around the 20 week mark, or when you start showing if it is later in pregnancy. The fundal height is used to assess your baby’s health while in the womb. Your fundal height should be equal to the number of weeks you have progresses in your pregnancy. So if you are 30 weeks pregnant, your fundal height should measure around 30 centimeters.", "Fundal height is generally defined as the distance from the pubic bone to the top of the uterus measured in centimeters. After the first 16 weeks of pregnancy, your fundal height measurement often matches the number of weeks you''ve been pregnant. ", "6. Allow the doctor to measure your fundal height. After the palpation, the doctor will hold a metric-based measurement tape at the top of the uterus (or fundus) and stretch it along the top of your pregnant uterus, measuring along the longitudinal axis. 1 As a very general rule, a woman's fundal height should be within 1 to 3 centimeters of the baby's gestational age in weeks. 2 For example, for a woman who's been pregnant for 20 weeks, a fundal height of about 17-23 cm is expected.", "Yes | No Thank you! The fundal measurements are an 'old fashioned' way of measuring the size of the baby. Ultrasound is much more accurate, as they measure the size of the baby's head, belly, and thigh bone and run those numbers against statistics with other babies that date/size compared to birth weights. ", "So how accurate is fundal height measurement at detecting potential problems? Studies show detection rates range anywhere from 17 percent to 93 percent, with an average of 65 percent (but with a 50 percent false-positive rate). A: Starting between 12 weeks and 14 weeks pregnant, many doctors and midwives perform a fundal height measurement at each prenatal visit to monitor the fetus’s growth. This involves measuring the distance from the top of the pelvic bone (symphysis pubis) to the top of the uterus (fundus", "Fundal height, or McDonald's rule, is a measure of the size of the uterus used to assess fetal growth and development during pregnancy. It is measured from the top of the mother's uterus to the top of the mother's pubic symphysis. Fundal height, when expressed in centimeters, roughly corresponds to gestational age in weeks between 16 to 36 weeks for a vertex fetus. When a tape measure is unavailable, finger widths are used to estimate centimeter (week) distances from a corresponding anatomical landmark.", "Not accurate.: Fundal height assessment is poor man's ultrasound to assess fetal growth. It is notoriously inaccurate and depends on maternal weight for height, fibroids, amniotic fluid volume, lordosis of the maternal spine and experience of the examining prenatal care provider. Normal: Ultrasound is more accurate compared to measurement of the fundal height. The first trimester ultrasound will be more accurate in dating the pregnancy than the second trimester ultrasound in most cases. ...Read more.", "1 a. 2 The gestational age based on the fundal height measurement is seven months. 3 b. 4 If Abebech is really seven months pregnant, you would expect her abdomen to measure about 28 cm from her pubic bone to the top of the uterus, i.e. approximately one centimetre for each week of pregnancy dated from the LNMP. 10.2.2 How to measure fundal height using a soft tape measure. You can use this method when the top of the uterus grows as high as the woman’s bellybutton. During the second half of pregnancy, the size of the uterus in centimetres is close to the number of weeks that the woman has been pregnant." ], "url": [ "http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/fundal-height/faq-20057962", "https://www.babiesonline.com/articles/health/fundalheight.asp", "http://www.bayareahospital.org/Article.aspx?ref=FAQ-20057962", "http://www.wikihow.com/Measure-Fundal-Height", "http://www.babycenter.com/400_what-is-more-accurate-ultrasound-report-or-the-fundal-height_925202_528.bc", "http://www.fitpregnancy.com/pregnancy/pregnancy-health/prenatal-visit-fundal-height-measurement", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundal_height", "https://www.healthtap.com/topics/fundal-height-chart-by-week", "http://www.open.edu/openlearnworks/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=40&printable=1" ] }

[ "Not accurate.: Fundal height assessment is poor man's ultrasound to assess fetal growth. It is notoriously inaccurate and depends on maternal weight for height, fibroids, amniotic fluid volume, lordosis of the maternal spine and experience of the examining prenatal care provider. Normal: Ultrasound is more accurate compared to measurement of the fundal height. The first trimester ultrasound will be more accurate in dating the pregnancy than the second trimester ultrasound in most cases. ...Read more." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Butterfly fish Facts. Butterfly fish is a type of marine fish. There are 120 species of the butterfly fish that can be found in tropical and subtropical regions of the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic Ocean. Many people keep them as pets, which is not very simple because they require specific conditions of water. Butterfly fish is an omnivore (eats both meat and plants). It eats different types of algae and seaweed, worms, small crustaceans and zooplankton. Butterfly fish usually swims in the shallow water (up to 65 feet), because it eats animals and algae that can be found in this section of water.", "The Ornate Butterfly Fish comes from the Chaetodontidae family of reef fish. For a number of reasons, this fish is considered one of the most beautiful fish in Hawaii. You can easily spot the Ornate Butterfly by its six orange diagonal stipes the are on both sides of its body. Threadfin Butterflyfish are one of the more popular butterflyfish, especially for saltwater tank enthusiasts. This beautiful fish is found in Hawaii, Indonesia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka and Tonga and loves to hang out to hang out on inner and outer reef slopes.", "The butterfly fish is a generally small sized species of marine fish, found in tropical and subtropical waters, primarily around coral reefs. The butterfly fish is well known for it's brightly coloured body and elaborate markings. Butterfly fish are preyed upon by a number of large predators including fish such as snappers, eels and sharks. Due to the fact that the butterfly fish is small in size, it is able to tuck itself into crevices in the coral in order to escape danger and prevent itself from being eaten.", "The average butterfly fish is fairly small and generally grows to around 4 or 5 inches in length. Some species of the butterfly fish however, are known to grow to 8 inches (20 cm) long and some butterfly fish individuals have been known to grow to 30 cm in length. The butterfly fish can live for up to 10 years in a well kept aquarium but will only reach about 7 years old in the wild. Butterfly fish are preyed upon by a number of large predators including fish such as snappers, eels and sharks. Due to the fact that the butterfly fish is small in size, it is able to tuck itself into crevices in the coral in order to escape danger and prevent itself from being eaten.", "The African Butterflyfish Pantodon buchholzi is a unique and fascinating freshwater fish from Africa. It is also known as the Freshwater Butterflyfish. The Butterfly fish was Introduced to European aquarists in 1905 and is the only member of its species, and its family. A Butterfly fish has a flat head and back that is a light brown or greenish color with a silver sheen and has dark markings on the fins and underside. The large pectoral fins of the Freshwater Butterflyfish are widespread and it uses them to glide over short distances.", "Also known as a “One Spot Butterfly”, the Tear Drop Butterflyfish is a beautiful tropical fish originating from the reefs of the Indo-Pacific. Part of the Chaetodontidae family, the unique feature of the Tear Drop Butterflyfish make it a popular species among tropical fish collectors and enthusiasts. Threadfin Butterflyfish are one of the more popular butterflyfish, especially for saltwater tank enthusiasts. This beautiful fish is found in Hawaii, Indonesia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka and Tonga and loves to hang out to hang out on inner and outer reef slopes.", "Certain species may grow up to 8 inches. Butterfly fish is named that way because of the attractive coloration of their body. They can be black, orange, yellow, red, silver and white in color, with different kind of spots and patterns on their body. Butterfly fish is an omnivore (eats both meat and plants). It eats different types of algae and seaweed, worms, small crustaceans and zooplankton. Butterfly fish usually swims in the shallow water (up to 65 feet), because it eats animals and algae that can be found in this section of water.", "There are about 120 known species of the fish. ➡ The butterflyfish, the banner fish and the coralfish look similar. This is because they all belong to the same family, i.e., Chaetodontidae. ➡ A butterflyfish has a pointed snout or an elongated nose, that is absent in the angelfish." ], "url": [ "http://www.softschools.com/facts/animals/butterfly_fish_facts/126/", "https://thesnorkelstore.com/hawaii-fish-guide/", "http://a-z-animals.com/animals/butterfly-fish/", "http://a-z-animals.com/animals/butterfly-fish/", "http://animal-world.com/encyclo/fresh/miscellaneous/butterfly.php", "https://thesnorkelstore.com/hawaii-fish-guide/", "http://www.softschools.com/facts/animals/butterfly_fish_facts/126/", "http://www.buzzle.com/articles/butterfly-fish-facts.html" ] }

[ "Also known as a “One Spot Butterfly”, the Tear Drop Butterflyfish is a beautiful tropical fish originating from the reefs of the Indo-Pacific. Part of the Chaetodontidae family, the unique feature of the Tear Drop Butterflyfish make it a popular species among tropical fish collectors and enthusiasts. Threadfin Butterflyfish are one of the more popular butterflyfish, especially for saltwater tank enthusiasts. This beautiful fish is found in Hawaii, Indonesia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka and Tonga and loves to hang out to hang out on inner and outer reef slopes." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The Giant Redwoods of California are the tallest and one of the most massive tree species on Earth. They can grow up to 380 feet (115m) in height and up to 26 feet (8m) in diameter. These trees can live up to 2,200 years. The Giant Redwoods are an evergreen tree only found in California. All are located along Highway 101 outside the Redwood National and State Parks. As you drive north on 101 the Chandelier tree is the first you’ll encounter in the town of Leggett. The Shrine Drive-Thru Tree is the next one and can be found off the Avenue of the Giants exit near the town Myer Flat.", "These trees are the tallest and one of the most massive tree species on Earth. In addition to the redwood forests, the parks preserve other indigenous flora, fauna, grassland prairie, cultural resources, portions of rivers and other streams, and 37 miles (60 km) of pristine coastline. It is estimated that old-growth redwood forest once covered close to 2,000,000 acres (8,100 km 2) of coastal northern California. 96% of all old-growth redwoods have been logged, and almost half (45%) of the redwoods remaining are found in Redwood National and State Parks.", "California’s Redwood Parks. Coast redwoods (Sequoia sempervirens) have inspired human beings since the dawn of time. Celebrated the world over, redwoods stretch from Humboldt County’s vast alluvial plains to the fog shrouded valleys of the Big Sur Coast. The mystique of these ancient forests will draw you in.", "The depth inland ranges from as small as 5 miles to 47 miles at the widest point. The Redwoods National and State Parks are a group of parks with a total area of more than 130,000 acres located in Del Norte and Humboldt Counties along the coast of Northern California. These parks protect 45% of the remaining Coastal Redwood old-growth forests. All are located along Highway 101 outside the Redwood National and State Parks. As you drive north on 101 the Chandelier tree is the first you’ll encounter in the town of Leggett. The Shrine Drive-Thru Tree is the next one and can be found off the Avenue of the Giants exit near the town Myer Flat.", "Average mature trees, several hundred years old, stand from 200 to 240 feet tall and have diameters of 10 to 15 feet, and some trees have been measured at more than 360 feet. The tallest tree in the world, The Stratosphere Giant located here at Humboldt Redwoods State Park, is just over 370 feet tall. In the most favorable parts of their range, Coast Redwoods can live more than two thousand years. Redwoods are named for the color of their bark and heartwood. ", "When you set out to take in the Giant redwood trees of California, pack your camera and head south to the park’s Mariposa Grove. Conveniently located near Yosemite’s south entrance, Mariposa Grove is home to the Grizzly Giant sequoia, a leisurely 0.8 mile walk from the main parking lot. ", "Among the places that preserve giant sequoias are Sequoia National Forest, Sequoia National Park, and Giant Sequoia National Monument. Redwoods. These tallest of trees reach heights of more than 350 feet (107 meters). The tallest tree in the world is named Hyperion, which reaches 379.7 feet (115.7 meters). Redwoods can achieve a diameter of 24 feet (7 meters), and 1.6 million pounds (725,700 kg). Giant sequoias can grow to be about 30 feet (9 meters) in diameter and more than 250 feet (76 meters) tall. The biggest of these behemoths is General Sherman, a giant sequoia in Sequoia National Park.", "Redwood National Park headquarters is located in Crescent City, California, with a service office located in Arcata and an operations center located in Orick, California. It is estimated that old-growth redwood forest once covered close to 2,000,000 acres (8,100 km 2) of coastal northern California. 96% of all old-growth redwoods have been logged, and almost half (45%) of the redwoods remaining are found in Redwood National and State Parks.", "Trees in the World. You have discovered the legendary California redwoods. At least once in your lifetime, you need to visit the magnificent coastal redwoods of Humboldt County—to walk, explore and soak up the silence and grandeur of forests unlike any others in the world.", "This list is in order from north to south. 1 Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park: Located between Crescent City and Eureka, this redwood forest park is also home to a herd of Roosevelt Elk. 2 Redwood National Park: Several redwood forest parks in one, it preserves almost half of the remaining old-growth redwood forests. Coastal redwoods (sequoia sempervirens) are the tallest living things on our planet, growing 300-350 feet tall and 16-18 feet across, with record specimens soaring to 360 feet. You can find them in redwood forests along the California coast from the northern border down to Big Sur." ], "url": [ "http://www.californiatravelcenter.com/vacation-spots/California+Giant+Redwoods.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redwood_National_and_State_Parks", "http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=24723", "http://www.californiatravelcenter.com/vacation-spots/California+Giant+Redwoods.html", "http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=24200", "https://www.scenicwonders.com/california-redwood-trees", "http://www.livescience.com/39461-sequoias-redwood-trees.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redwood_National_and_State_Parks", "http://www.redwoods.info/", "http://gocalifornia.about.com/od/caplaceslist/ss/Redwood-Forests-in-California.htm" ] }

[ "The depth inland ranges from as small as 5 miles to 47 miles at the widest point. The Redwoods National and State Parks are a group of parks with a total area of more than 130,000 acres located in Del Norte and Humboldt Counties along the coast of Northern California. These parks protect 45% of the remaining Coastal Redwood old-growth forests. All are located along Highway 101 outside the Redwood National and State Parks. As you drive north on 101 the Chandelier tree is the first you’ll encounter in the town of Leggett. The Shrine Drive-Thru Tree is the next one and can be found off the Avenue of the Giants exit near the town Myer Flat." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "The NSW Police Force offers a very attractive salary and benefits package, which includes a starting salary of $ 65,000.00 (2014) plus six weeks annual leave. Family friendly policies ensure a supportive environment, which caters for maternity, carer's, sick and compassionate leave.", "Helping with Your Career. Police Oracle is committed to helping you get the career and training that you want. We work with Police Organisations across the country to bring you training manuals, OSPRE, Q&A, job listings, academic courses and careers advice to help you in your Police Career.", "The starting salary for police officers is $52,184 a year, effective October 1, 2014. After 18 months of service, most police officers can expect to earn a base salary of approximately $57,094 a year. Recruits begin earning their full salary upon entering the Academy.", "The starting salary for police constables in England and Wales is being cut by £4,000 to £19,000, the home secretary has confirmed.", "The Scottish Ministry of Justice tweeted: Home Office cuts to police starting salaries will not be imposed in Scotland.. Ex-rail regulator Tom Winsor, the review's author, was appointed last year as the Chief Inspector of Constabulary for England and Wales, the first non-policeman named to the post.", "The starting salary for police constables in England and Wales is being cut by £4,000 to £19,000, the home secretary has confirmed." ], "url": [ "http://www.police.nsw.gov.au/recruitment/the_lifestyle/general_duties/working_conditions", "https://www.policeoracle.com/pay_and_conditions/police_pay_scales.html", "http://mpdc.dc.gov/page/salary-and-benefits", "http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21027176", "http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21027176", "http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-21027176" ] }

[ "The starting salary for police constables in England and Wales is being cut by £4,000 to £19,000, the home secretary has confirmed." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Emily, United Kingdom. Situated in central Bath, The County offers views over the city’s famous Recreation Ground, towards Bath Abbey. Offering free WiFi and free private parking, this property is ideal for exploring Bath’s ‘World Heritage Site’ attractions. In the mornings, The County serves full English breakfast. Guests can enjoy drinks in the well-stocked bar. The city centre of Bath is home to numerous restaurants, pubs, and shops, and the Bath Spa Railway Station is only 12 minutes' stroll from the hotel.", "Our Mission. It is our mission to enrich the quality of life for Bath County citizens and businesses alike. In meeting this commitment, the Board of Supervisors pledges to work in partnership with the citizens of Bath County to achieve the following: • Provide for the health, safety and welfare of the citizens;", "Bath (/ˈbaːθ/) is a city in the ceremonial county of Somerset, South West England, that is known for the curative Roman-built baths that still exist there. In 2011, its population was 88,859. Bath is located 97 miles (156 km) west of London and 11 miles (18 km) south-east of Bristol. The city, in the valley of the River Avon, became a World Heritage Site in 1987.", "Bath County, Virginia is named for the English resort city of Bath. Both communities are known for the abundance of healing springs that have attracted visitors to their locales. For over 270 years Bath County has been defined by its natural beauty and hospitality. Located along the western, central border with West Virginia, Bath County encompasses 540 square miles. Eighty-nine percent of Bath County is comprised of forest (51% national forest, 6% state park).", "Bath County was established on December 14, 1790 from sections of Augusta, Botetourt, and Greenbrier counties. Due to the many mineral springs found in the area, the county was named for the English spa and resort city of Bath. Bath's county seat is Warm Springs. Bath County was created in 1790 from parts of Augusta, Botetourt, and Greenbrier counties, and it was named for the English city of Bath. Like its namesake, Bath County's economy is focused on tourism and recreation, due to its many natural mineral springs found in the area", "Traditionally, Bath was in Somerset. In 1974 the government created the much hated Avon county, which was abolished in 1997 and replaced by a unitary authority. in north and north-east somerset. Bath is in the county of Somerset. the map coridnats of my bath room are 35,26,33,52. The city of Bath in the UK is in the county of Bath And North East Somerset. ", "Bath became part of the county of Avon in 1974, and, following Avon's abolition in 1996, has been the principal centre of Bath and North East Somerset. In 2011, its population was 88,859. Bath is located 97 miles (156 km) west of London and 11 miles (18 km) south-east of Bristol. The city, in the valley of the River Avon, became a World Heritage Site in 1987.", "Bath County is a United States county located in the Shenandoah Valley and on the central western border of the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 4,731 in 2014, the population was estimated to be 4,771, making it the second-least populous county in Virginia. Bath's county seat is Warm Springs. Bath County was created in 1790 from parts of Augusta, Botetourt, and Greenbrier counties, and it was named for the English city of Bath. Like its namesake, Bath County's economy is focused on tourism and recreation, due to its many natural mineral springs found in the are" ], "url": [ "http://www.booking.com/hotel/gb/the-county-bath.html", "http://www.bathcountyva.org/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bath,_Somerset", "http://www.virginia.org/Counties/Bath/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bath_County,_Virginia", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Which_county_is_Bath_England_in", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bath,_Somerset", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bath_County,_Virginia" ] }

[ "Bath County is a United States county located in the Shenandoah Valley and on the central western border of the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 4,731 in 2014, the population was estimated to be 4,771, making it the second-least populous county in Virginia. Bath's county seat is Warm Springs. Bath County was created in 1790 from parts of Augusta, Botetourt, and Greenbrier counties, and it was named for the English city of Bath. Like its namesake, Bath County's economy is focused on tourism and recreation, due to its many natural mineral springs found in the are" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "How to Keep Your Pit Bull at the Right Weight. The proper weight for your dog is unique to your dog. In other words, while my dogs are 65 lbs and 68lbs in peak condition their proper walking around weight is a few lbs heavier. You learn this information through trial and error. IMPORTANT: Two things you should do before you start getting your dog in shape. First, take your dog to the vet and get a full check up to ensure they are in good health to start. Second, keep them on the same diet but increase their exercise. Some people make the mistake of reducing food and increasing exercise.", "1. Offer your dog shelter. Most people with pet dogs chose to keep them in the house with the family. If you do keep your dog outside, provide an insulated dog house, warm bedding for cold climates, shade for warm climates, food, and water (that won't freeze or stagnate). Never chain your dog, since this could cause leg or neck injuries.", "Both you and your dog will benefit from the extra socialization. Pit Bulls are very active dogs that need a LOT of run around time and exercise, but are generally not compatable with off-leash dog parks. Don't get a young Pit Bull if you live your life in the slow lane. Pit Bulls Love Kids. Pit Bulls are Social Butterflies-Your dog will LOVE to go places with you to see the sights and visit with your friends, family, and strangers on the street. Over the last 20 years or so, the Pit Bull has fallen victim to the careless deeds of unethical breeders, irresponsible and even shady owners.", "You may also add water to dry dog food and offer it to the puppies at this time as well. Breast milk should be the only source of food after the pitbull pregnancy for your puppies until they are about three weeks old. It is best to start them on a food that is specially-designed for puppies. A litter of pit bull puppies from Kinneman Kennels (American Bully Pitbull breeders based in Pittsburgh, PA). A Pitbull pregnancy lasting for 72 days or longer is not normal. If you dog is past due, your vet will most likely give them shots to induce labor.", "Properly feeding your Pit Bull will not only keep them looking healthy but you will also help them avoid common health problems like joint problems. Pit Bulls are active dogs that need plenty of exercise. IMPORTANT: Two things you should do before you start getting your dog in shape. First, take your dog to the vet and get a full check up to ensure they are in good health to start. Second, keep them on the same diet but increase their exercise. Some people make the mistake of reducing food and increasing exercise.", "What you will learn in 11 Things You Must Do Right To Keep Your Dog Healthy and Happy. 1 The best foods for your dog – a complete feeding program – everything you need to know to feed your dog from puppyhood through old age. 2 The worst foods for your dog. 3 Which vaccinations your puppy or adult dog really needs. For your dog's well-being, you absolutely must know... 1 Over 20 products in your home that can cause itchy skin and allergies in dogs. ( 2 pages 80-94). 3 Dangerous toys that you'll probably find in your home right now. 4 Remember, just because a toy is sold at the pet store doesn't mean it's safe.", "The good news is that there are lots of things you can do to care for your dog. Learn how to maintain a good diet of high quality food, get preventative veterinary care, and do your best to provide a healthy, loving environment. Most people with pet dogs chose to keep them in the house with the family. If you do keep your dog outside, provide an insulated dog house, warm bedding for cold climates, shade for warm climates, food, and water (that won't freeze or stagnate). Never chain your dog, since this could cause leg or neck injuries.", "With a few exceptions, your lungs don’t get into trouble unless you get them into trouble, he says. However, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth-leading cause of death in the U.S. after heart disease, cancer, and stroke. Here are 12 things you can do to keep your lungs healthy as you age. Next: Don’t smoke...anything.", "With a few exceptions, your lungs don't get into trouble unless you get them into trouble, he says. However, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth-leading cause of death in the U.S. after heart disease, cancer and stroke. Here are 12 things you can do to keep your lungs healthy as you age. Close", "That's why I wrote this book.....to show you how to care for your dog so he lives a long, healthy life and seldom needs to visit the vet. There are 11 Things You Must Do Right To Keep Your Dog Healthy and Happy. For your dog's well-being, you absolutely must know... 1 Over 20 products in your home that can cause itchy skin and allergies in dogs. ( 2 pages 80-94). 3 Dangerous toys that you'll probably find in your home right now. 4 Remember, just because a toy is sold at the pet store doesn't mean it's safe." ], "url": [ "http://www.pitbulllovers.com/health-articles/feeding-your-pit-bull.html", "http://www.wikihow.com/Keep-a-Dog-in-Good-Health", "http://www.lanecounty.org/Departments/PW/Parks/LCAS/Pages/TipsforPitBullOwners.aspx", "https://vitaminsforpitbulls.com/pitbull-is-pregnant-having-puppies/", "http://www.pitbulllovers.com/health-articles/feeding-your-pit-bull.html", "http://www.yourpurebredpuppy.com/books/11T.html", "http://www.wikihow.com/Keep-a-Dog-in-Good-Health", "http://www.health.com/health/gallery/0,,20488696,00.html", "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/05/22/healthy-lungs_n_865182.html", "http://www.yourpurebredpuppy.com/books/11T.html" ] }

[ "Properly feeding your Pit Bull will not only keep them looking healthy but you will also help them avoid common health problems like joint problems. Pit Bulls are active dogs that need plenty of exercise. IMPORTANT: Two things you should do before you start getting your dog in shape. First, take your dog to the vet and get a full check up to ensure they are in good health to start. Second, keep them on the same diet but increase their exercise. Some people make the mistake of reducing food and increasing exercise." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The following is my current fees and services agreement for all parole cases. The total fee is a fixed fee of $2,400. There is a non-refundable $400 interview fee. This fee will cover my interview with the client on the unit. The remaining balance in the case is $2,000. This $2,000 will be divided evenly between the written parole information ($1,000) and the oral presentation to the Parole Board Member that votes the case ($1,000).", "Here is a list of the average cost of a criminal defense lawyer you can expect to pay in San Antonio, Texas: Charged With Possession of Marijuana Less than 1 gram in Bexar County: You have no criminal history, no substantive defense to the crime (you were caught red handed).", "In rural areas and small towns, lawyers tend to charge less, and fees in the range of $100 to $200 an hour for an experienced attorney are probably the norm. In major metropolitan areas, the norm is probably closer to $200 to $400 an hour. Lawyers with expertise in specialized areas may charge much more.", "Charged With DWI, first offense in San Antonio: You have never been in trouble before. You require a trial to fight the charge. The average cost of a criminal defense lawyer in San Antonio is between $4,000 and $10,000. Charged With Assault Family Violence, Class A in San Antonio. You have a bit of criminal history." ], "url": [ "http://lawyertexasparole.com/lawoffice/feesstepsinparole.htm", "http://lawyerdefend.me/average-cost-of-criminal-defense-lawyer-in-san-antonio-texas/", "http://research.lawyers.com/how-and-how-much-do-lawyers-charge.html", "http://lawyerdefend.me/average-cost-of-criminal-defense-lawyer-in-san-antonio-texas/" ] }

[ "The following is my current fees and services agreement for all parole cases. The total fee is a fixed fee of $2,400. There is a non-refundable $400 interview fee. This fee will cover my interview with the client on the unit. The remaining balance in the case is $2,000. This $2,000 will be divided evenly between the written parole information ($1,000) and the oral presentation to the Parole Board Member that votes the case ($1,000)." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Mosses are small flowerless plants that usually grow in dense green clumps or mats, in damp or shady locations. The individual plants are usually composed of simple, one-cell thick leaves, covering a thin stem that supports them but does not conduct water and nutrients (nonvascular). Botanically, mosses are non-vascular plants in the land plant division Bryophyta. They are small (a few centimeters tall) herbaceous (non-woody) plants that absorb water and nutrients mainly through their leaves and harvest carbon dioxide and sunlight to create food by photosynthesis.", "1. any of numerous small green nonvascular plants of the class Hepaticopsida growing in wet places and resembling green seaweeds or leafy mosses. Familiarity information: LIVERWORT used as a noun is very rare. ", "Many other plants have rhizoids, but only in the liverwort is the rhizoid unicellular. One of the more than 100 species in the liverwort genus Riccia is the slender riccia (Riccia fluitans), which can be found floating in ponds, and is sometimes used in aquariums. It is sometimes called crystalwort. It is used in aquariums as a retreat for young fry and is used in live-bearing tanks. ", "Hence the word liverwort for a liver-like small plant. As well as the term liverwort you may also see the alternative term hepatic used and this comes from the Greek word hepatikos - meaning liver. Do not confuse the ordinary English word hepatic (meaning liverwort) with the genus name Hepatica. The spore capsule (possibly with a supporting stalk, or seta) is the sporophyte and this grows from the gametophyte stage. The aim of this page is simply to describe the features you can see in a liverwort. You will see much, but by no means all, of the variety to be found in the liverworts.", "1 My experience is that Roundup provides poor liverwort control (which of course can only be used on nursery floors, and not in containers). 2 Acetic acid (5%) provided excellent liverwort control, and can be used as long as you use products containing vinegar that are legally labeled for weed control.. ", "Mosses are commonly confused with lichens, hornworts, and liverworts. Lichens may superficially look like mosses, and have a common names that includes the word moss (e.g., reindeer moss or iceland moss ), but are not related to mosses. Mosses, hornworts, and liverworts are collectively called bryophytes . Botanically, mosses are non-vascular plants in the land plant division Bryophyta. They are small (a few centimeters tall) herbaceous (non-woody) plants that absorb water and nutrients mainly through their leaves and harvest carbon dioxide and sunlight to create food by photosynthesis.", "In a leafy liverwort the gametophyte consists of leaves on stems. In a thallose liverwort you'll see a flattish, green sheet-possibly wrinkled or lobed. Such a sheet is called a thallus and, in many cases, that's all there is to the gametophtyte. The spore capsule (possibly with a supporting stalk, or seta) is the sporophyte and this grows from the gametophyte stage. The aim of this page is simply to describe the features you can see in a liverwort. You will see much, but by no means all, of the variety to be found in the liverworts.", "LIVERWORT Overview Information. Liverwort is a plant. People make medicine out of the fresh or dried parts that grow above the ground. Despite serious safety concerns, liverwort is used for treating gallstones and liver conditions including jaundice, liver enlargement, hepatitis, and liver cirrhosis.", "Fresh liverwort is LIKELY UNSAFE when taken by mouth or applied to the skin. It can cause many side effects such as diarrhea, stomach irritation, and kidney and urinary tract irritation when taken by mouth. When applied directly to the skin, fresh liverwort can cause irritation, itching, and pus-filled blisters. It isn’t known if dried liverwort is safe or what the side effects might be. People make medicine out of the fresh or dried parts that grow above the ground. Despite serious safety concerns, liverwort is used for treating gallstones and liver conditions including jaundice, liver enlargement, hepatitis, and liver cirrhosis.", "Uses of mosses and liverworts. In the modern world the economic uses of mosses and liverworts are not immediately obvious. But they do have an important and subtle ecological role, both in water-retention and stabilising mobile surfaces like landslips, scree slopes and sand dunes." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosses", "http://www.audioenglish.org/dictionary/liverwort.htm", "https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Adventist_Youth_Honors_Answer_Book/Nature/Lichens,_Liverworts_%26_Mosses", "http://www.anbg.gov.au/bryophyte/what-is-liverwort.html", "http://oregonstate.edu/dept/nursery-weeds/weedspeciespage/liverwort/liverwort_control.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosses", "http://www.anbg.gov.au/bryophyte/what-is-liverwort.html", "http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-37-LIVERWORT.aspx?activeIngredientId=37&activeIngredientName=LIVERWORT", "http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-37-LIVERWORT.aspx?activeIngredientId=37&activeIngredientName=LIVERWORT", "http://www.snh.org.uk/publications/on-line/NaturallyScottish/MossesLiverworts/usesof.asp" ] }

[ "LIVERWORT Overview Information. Liverwort is a plant. People make medicine out of the fresh or dried parts that grow above the ground. Despite serious safety concerns, liverwort is used for treating gallstones and liver conditions including jaundice, liver enlargement, hepatitis, and liver cirrhosis." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Hemoglobin A1c provides an average of your blood sugar control over the past 2 to 3 months and is used along with home blood sugar monitoring to make adjustments in your diabetes medicines. Hemoglobin is found in red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout your body. For people without diabetes, the normal range for the hemoglobin A1c test is between 4% and 5.6%. Hemoglobin A1c levels between 5.7% and 6.4% indicate increased risk of diabetes, and levels of 6.5% or higher indicate diabetes.", "A1C and eAG. The A1C test gives you a picture of your average blood glucose (blood sugar) control for the past 2 to 3 months. The results give you a good idea of how well your diabetes treatment plan is working. Your health care provider may report your A1C test result as eAG, or average glucose, which directly correlates to your A1C. eAG may help you understand your A1C value because eAG is a unit similar to what you see regularly through self-monitoring on your meter.", "Glycated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1c, HbA1c, A1C, or Hb1c; sometimes also HbA1c or HGBA1C) is a form of hemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. ", "For people without diabetes, the normal range for the hemoglobin A1c test is between 4% and 5.6%. Hemoglobin A1c levels between 5.7% and 6.4% indicate increased risk of diabet … es, and levels of 6.5% or higher indicate diabetes. ", "1 As blood glucose levels rise, so does the percentage of glycated hemoglobin, so A1C is used to measure diabetes control. 2 The test is used for both monitoring and diagnosing diabetes, and results come from a blood sample given at the doctor's clinic. 1 Prediabetes, a risk factor for diabetes, is signaled by levels between 5.7-6.4%. 2 A result below 5.7% indicates a healthy blood sugar level. 3 The typical target for people with diabetes is to get their A1C below 7%, but there are different targets for different individuals and stages of the disease.", "The A1C test is a blood test used to measure the average level of glucose in the blood over the last two to three months, and is used as a means of checking how well blood sugar levels are being controlled for a person with diabetes. 1 Prediabetes, a risk factor for diabetes, is signaled by levels between 5.7-6.4%. 2 A result below 5.7% indicates a healthy blood sugar level. 3 The typical target for people with diabetes is to get their A1C below 7%, but there are different targets for different individuals and stages of the disease.", "A1c is a test that shows the average level of blood sugar over the past 2 to 3 months. People who have diabetes need to have this test done regularly to see whether their blood sugar levels have been staying within a target range. This test is also used to diagnose diabetes. A1c test results show your average blood sugar level over time. The result is reported as a percentage. Your goal is to keep your hemoglobin A1c level as close to your target level as possible. You and your doctor will work together to set your safe target level.", "Description: A Hemoglobin A1C test is used to measure glucose in the blood in the last 2-3 months. It can also be used to screen for or aid in the diagnosis of diabetes. Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that helps to carry oxygen from the lungs to other parts of the body. " ], "url": [ "http://www.webmd.com/diabetes/guide/glycated-hemoglobin-test-hba1c", "http://www.diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/treatment-and-care/blood-glucose-control/a1c/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycated_hemoglobin", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_Hemoglobin_A1C", "http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/265443.php", "http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/265443.php", "http://www.webmd.com/diabetes/tc/what-is-hemoglobin-a1c-topic-overview", "http://requestatest.com/hemoglobin-a1c-with-eag-testing" ] }

[ "The A1C test is a blood test used to measure the average level of glucose in the blood over the last two to three months, and is used as a means of checking how well blood sugar levels are being controlled for a person with diabetes. 1 Prediabetes, a risk factor for diabetes, is signaled by levels between 5.7-6.4%. 2 A result below 5.7% indicates a healthy blood sugar level. 3 The typical target for people with diabetes is to get their A1C below 7%, but there are different targets for different individuals and stages of the disease." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Joseph Vijay Chandrasekhar was born on June 22, 1974, to film producer and director S. A. Chandrasekhar and Shoba Chandrasekhar, a classical and a playback singer. He had a sister named Vidhya Chandrasekhar who died at the age of two. Vijay went on to do Visual Communications at Loyola College, Chennai. ", "Personal Background. Joseph Vijay was born in Chennai, Tamil Nadu and his father SA Chandrasekhar is a noted producer and director in the Tamil film industry, while his mother Shobha Chandrasekhar is a playback singer. Height: 1.78 m. Personal Background. Joseph Vijay was born in Chennai, Tamil Nadu and his father SA Chandrasekhar is a noted producer and director in the Tamil film industry, while his mother Shobha Chandrasekhar is a playback singer. He studied visual communication at Loyola College in Chennai.", "Actor | Music Department | Soundtrack. Vijay was born to a famous Tamil film producer and director S. A. Chandrasekhar. His career geared up when he acted in Ghilli, one of the biggest blockbuster in Tamilnadu. He has won awards such as the Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actor and Dinakaran Best Actor Award. ", "Joseph Vijay Chandrasekhar was born on June 22, 1974, to film producer and director S. A. Chandrasekhar and Shoba Chandrasekhar, a playback singer. ", "Vijay Photo Gallery | Vijay Latest News. Vijay is a famous Tamil film actor and playback singer. He is born as Joseph Vijay Chandrasekhar was born on June 22, 1974 in the family of leading film producer and director S. A. Chandrasekhar and Shoba Chandrasekhar, a playback singer. He did Visual Communications at Loyola College, Chennai", "Short biography. Vijay was born on 22nd June 1974 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. He is an actor, singer and film producer. Vijay went on to do Visual Communications at Loyola College, Chennai. ", "Vijay. Joseph Vijay Chandrasekhar, born June 22, 1974, is an actor and playback singer. Actor Vijay was born to a director and producer SA. Chandrasekhar. He has acted as a child artist in his father’s films. Later he did a leading role in 1992 in film Naalaya Theerpu. He is married to Sangeeta Sornalingam and has two children named Jason Sanjay and Divya Saasha", "About Vijay Arora. Vijay Arora was born on December 27, 1946 and died in February 2, 2007.He was an actor in Hindi films and television serials, most famous for his roles in Yaadon Ki Baaraat and as Indrajit in the television serial Ramayan. He is not to be confused with another Vijay Arora, who is a cinematographer", "Vijay (born Joseph Vijay Chandrasekhar) is an Indian actor, playback singer and producer, who works in the Tamil film industry. " ], "url": [ "http://www.technicalsymposium.com/vijay-biography.html", "http://www.worldblaze.in/joseph-vijay-net-worth-and-biography/", "http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0897201/", "http://www.filmibeat.com/celebs/vijay-tamil-actor/biography.html", "http://www.thisismyindia.com/entertainment/film-stars/vijay.html", "http://celebritykick.com/tamil-actor/vijay-family", "http://tamilo.com/comedy-show-comedy-240/2488-tamil-comedy-vijay-.html", "http://www.india-forums.com/celebrity/905/vijay-arora/biography/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijay_(actor)" ] }

[ "Short biography. Vijay was born on 22nd June 1974 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. He is an actor, singer and film producer. Vijay went on to do Visual Communications at Loyola College, Chennai. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The name Leanne is an American baby name. In American the meaning of the name Leanne is: A compound of Lee: wood, and Anne: grace, favour. Can also be a: downy, hairy. Can also be derived from Helen: Liight; beautiful woman, and a Youthful; bond.", "English Meaning: The name Leanne is an English baby name. In English the meaning of the name Leanne is: A compound of Lee: wood, and Anne: grace, favour. Can also be a: downy, hairy. Can also be derived from Helen: Liight; beautiful woman, and a Youthful; bond. American Meaning:", "Meaning of Leanne. English name. In English, the name Leanne means-gracious plum.The name Leanne originated as an English name. The name Leanne is most often used as a girl name or female name. English Name Meaning-gracious plum. Origin-England.", "Origin of the name Leanne: Modern name combining the names Lee (dweller by the wood or clearing) and Anne (gracious, full of grace). Alternatively, it is a variant spelling of Lianne (sun). From A World of Baby Names by Teresa Norman.", "The name Leanne is an English baby name. In English the meaning of the name Leanne is: A compound of Lee: wood, and Anne: grace, favour. Can also be a: downy, hairy. Can also be derived from Helen: Liight; beautiful woman, and a Youthful; bond. American Meaning:" ], "url": [ "http://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/leanne", "http://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/leanne", "http://www.meaning-of-names.com/english-names/leanne.asp", "http://www.babynamewizard.com/baby-name/girl/leann", "http://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/leanne" ] }

[ "English Meaning: The name Leanne is an English baby name. In English the meaning of the name Leanne is: A compound of Lee: wood, and Anne: grace, favour. Can also be a: downy, hairy. Can also be derived from Helen: Liight; beautiful woman, and a Youthful; bond. American Meaning:" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The meat tenderizer trick was our very first home remedy in the original edition of The People’s Pharmacy®.* We stumbled across it in the Journal of the American Medical Association.**.", "[Insect] venom is mostly protein, says Schultz, so the meat tenderizer works by breaking down the poison that's been injected.. A well-known treatment for jellyfish stings, meat tenderizer can be made into a paste with water, or applied directly to bites or stings. Photo from Amazon.com. The chemical properties in garlic are likely to kill off bacteria, but applying it to a mosquito bite might cause more discomfort before it relieves any.", "What To Do. Meat tenderizer contains enzymes, such as papain, that tenderize meat by breaking the chemical bonds that hold the muscle fibers together. Meat tenderizer is effective against insect stings and other types of venom because it breaks the proteins that cause a reaction.", "Haven't heard of it for bug bites yet it does help on jellyfish stings. The active ingredient that works is the papaine in the tenderizer. However, a jamaican lady advised me after I had a jellyfish sting and no tenderizer, to use papaya. This is Jah's natural meat", "Meat Tenderizer. Meat tenderizer contains papain, an enzyme found in papayas that breaks down the protein in meat. It also breaks down the protein in insect venom, which makes it effective in reducing pain, itching, and swelling in bites. Salt & Water.", "Meat tenderizer Make a paste of meat tenderizer and water and rub on the bite area. Good also for jellyfish stings. Tenderizer has papain, which helps break down the proteins present in insect venom.", "A. Meat tenderizer contains papain, an enzyme from the papaya that helps break down protein. Doctors have recommended applying it to stings for years so that the papain can break down the venom. Your reaction sounds exceptionally severe. It is unlikely that a cut onion will work so long after the sting." ], "url": [ "http://www.peoplespharmacy.com/2005/10/18/meat-tenderizer-and-vinegar-fo/", "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/your-mosquito-bite-remedies_n_1619585.html", "http://chemistry.about.com/od/medicalhealth/tp/Mosquito-Bite-Home-Remedies.htm", "http://www.negril.com/discus/messages/196641/203333.html?1236294814", "http://www.miaminewtimes.com/restaurants/mosquito-season-is-here-tame-bites-with-vinegar-meat-tenderizer-and-tea-6601432", "http://www.health911.com/insect-stings-&-bites", "http://www.peoplespharmacy.com/2010/08/02/meat-tenderizer-for-pain-of-sting/" ] }

[ "[Insect] venom is mostly protein, says Schultz, so the meat tenderizer works by breaking down the poison that's been injected.. A well-known treatment for jellyfish stings, meat tenderizer can be made into a paste with water, or applied directly to bites or stings. Photo from Amazon.com. The chemical properties in garlic are likely to kill off bacteria, but applying it to a mosquito bite might cause more discomfort before it relieves any." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "An RN, or registered nurse, is a nurse that has studied in a nursing program for at least two years. Some also continue on to receive a four-year degree known a BSN which stands for Bachelors of Science in Nursing. RN jobs make up the largest number of jobs in healthcare.", "Missouri. As of May 2009, the average income for a RN in Missouri is $62,310, according to the BLS, with a range of $38,050 for the lower 10th percentile, upward to $79,260 for the highest 90th percentile. These differences vary due to education, experience and job location.", "Home health service RN’s earn an estimated $67,880 ($32.64 hourly). For nursing and residential care facilities, the average annually salary is around $62,440 or $28.28 per hour. Finally, in offices of physicians, a RN can earn an average of $58,420 ($30.02 per hour).", "How much do RNs make? According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics records for May 2012, the average registered nurse salary in the United States is $67,930, which is equivalent to a mean hourly wage of $32.66.", "RN Magazine reported in 2009 that starting pay for nurses was $23 per hour, or $44,343 per year, on average. Nurses who have put in 11 to 15 years of experience see their pay jump considerably to an average of $33 an hour, or $71,459 a year.", "The starting salary of a Registered Nurse can range from around $28,000-$50,000 per year on average. The starting hourly wage of an RN can range from $16.50-26.00 per hour. This salary will increase over time, as nurses gain experience, certifications, and specialize in a specific area." ], "url": [ "http://www.ehow.com/facts_7426273_much-rn-make-missouri_.html", "http://www.ehow.com/facts_7426273_much-rn-make-missouri_.html", "http://www.hospitaljobsinc.com/how-much-does-a-registered-nurse-make/", "http://www.access2knowledge.org/jobs-education/much-registered-nurses-make/", "http://work.chron.com/much-rn-make-bsn-11290.html", "http://www.registerednursern.com/registered-nurse-rn-salary-pay-wages-and-income-of-registered-nurses/" ] }

[ "Missouri. As of May 2009, the average income for a RN in Missouri is $62,310, according to the BLS, with a range of $38,050 for the lower 10th percentile, upward to $79,260 for the highest 90th percentile. These differences vary due to education, experience and job location." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "First-time buyers now need £31,000 deposit - 77% higher than at the peak of the housing bubble in 2007. 1 Those who can afford to save £200 a month have to save for 13 years. 2 Mortgage experts warn too many will be frozen out of the market.", "In recent years first time buyers have typically used a 20% deposit to buy a house. But don’t despair if you’re struggling to save a large deposit there are still many mortgages out there for first time buyers.", "Money: A typical first-time buyer last year put down a deposit of £43,300 on a property which cost £173,200. This is more money than would have been needed to buy a home in the capital in 1998 - but will soon just cover a small deposit on the same property.", "You can find typical first time buyer mortgage rates. The number of 90% and 95% mortgages on the market is on the increase so provided you meet lenders’ affordability criteria if you have a 10% or 5% deposit it may be possible for you to get a mortgage.", "In the current mortgage market you’ll need a deposit of at least 5% of a property’s value to get a mortgage. A lender would then lend you 95% of the property’s value. So, if you wanted to buy a £150,000 property you would need to save up at least £7,500 and borrow £142,500.", "1 First time buyers (never purchased a home before in Ireland or elsewhere) deposit is 10% of the purchase price up to €220,000 and 20% on the excess.", "Options: By 2020, the report says a first-time buyer who puts down a 25 per cent deposit will need £61,300 to buy the average young person's home which will cost £245,165. ‘By 2020, the average deposit required for a first home will be more than £60,000 - and in London it will top £100,000.", "Before starting to look at properties, you need to start saving for a deposit. Generally, you need to try to save at least 5% to 20% of the cost of the home you would like, so if you want to buy a home costing £150,000, you’ll need to save at least £7,500.", "The cheapest mortgage deals on the market will typically require you to have a 40% deposit or more, so on a £150,000 property this would mean a deposit of £60,000. However, saving up a 40% deposit is unrealistic for many people.", "So for a £200,000 house you would need to have £20,000 in savings for a 90% mortgage or £10,000 in savings for a 95% mortgage. However 100% mortgages, where you don’t need any deposit, are virtually non-existent unless you have additional financial help from your family." ], "url": [ "http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2533588/First-time-buyers-need-31-000-deposit-77-higher-peak-housing-bubble-2007.html", "https://mortgageadvisers.which.co.uk/first-time-buyer/how-big-a-deposit-do-i-need/", "http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2267981/Housing-market-First-time-buyers-need-60-000-deposit-end-decade.html", "https://mortgageadvisers.which.co.uk/first-time-buyer/how-big-a-deposit-do-i-need/", "http://www.which.co.uk/money/mortgages-and-property/guides/mortgage-deposit-explained/how-much-deposit-do-i-need-for-a-mortgage/", "http://www.mortgages.ie/go/first_time_buyers/will_i_qualify_for_amortgage_", "http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2267981/Housing-market-First-time-buyers-need-60-000-deposit-end-decade.html", "https://www.moneyadviceservice.org.uk/en/articles/first-time-buyer-money-tips", "http://www.which.co.uk/money/mortgages-and-property/guides/mortgage-deposit-explained/how-much-deposit-do-i-need-for-a-mortgage/", "https://mortgageadvisers.which.co.uk/first-time-buyer/how-big-a-deposit-do-i-need/" ] }

[ "In the current mortgage market you’ll need a deposit of at least 5% of a property’s value to get a mortgage. A lender would then lend you 95% of the property’s value. So, if you wanted to buy a £150,000 property you would need to save up at least £7,500 and borrow £142,500." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Causes. Salmonella bacteria live in the intestines of people, animals and birds. Most people are infected with salmonella by eating foods that have been contaminated by feces. Commonly infected foods include: 1 Raw meat, poultry and seafood. 2 Feces may get onto raw meat and poultry during the butchering process. 3 Seafood may be contaminated if harvested from contaminated water", "Salmonella is bacteria that can cause a gastrointestinal infection known as salmonellosis. Usually salmonellosis is referred to as salmonella.. This infection can occur in humans and animals. Most people infected with salmonella are ill for four to seven days. The person may be ill enough to require hospitalization. Symptoms of salmonella usually start from 12 to 72 hours after the bacteria has been swallowed. The symptoms include abdominal cramps, headache, fever, and severe watery diarrhea. Nausea and vomiting may also occur. People infected with salmonella can have milder or no symptoms", "Salmonella. Salmonella is the name of a group of bacteria. In the United States, it is the most common cause of foodborne illness. Salmonella occurs in raw poultry, eggs, beef, and sometimes on unwashed fruit and vegetables. Symptoms include fever, diarrhea, abdominal cramps and headache. ", "Salmonella can be found in the digestive tracts of humans and animals, especially reptiles. Salmonella on the skin of reptiles or amphibians can be passed to people who handle the animals. Food and water can also be contaminated with the bacteria if it comes in contact with the feces of infected people or animals. There are two species of Salmonella, Salmonella bongori and Salmonella enterica. Salmonella enterica is further divided into six subspecies and over 2500 serovars.", "Salmonella /ˌsaelməˈnɛlə/ ˌsælməˈnɛlə is a genus of-rod (shaped) bacillus bacteria of The enterobacteriaceae. Family there are two species Of, Salmonella salmonella bongori And salmonella. enterica There are two species of Salmonella, Salmonella bongori and Salmonella enterica. Salmonella enterica is further divided into six subspecies and over 2500 serovars.", "Salmonella infection, or salmonellosis, is a bacterial disease of the intestinal tract. Salmonella is a group of bacteria that cause typhoid fever, food poisoning, gastroenteritis, enteric fever and other illnesses. People become infected mostly through contaminated water or foods, especially meat, poultry and eggs.", "1 Salmonella bacteria live in the intestines of humans and animals and are excreted in feces. 2 Salmonella infection occurs from consumption of raw meats and eggs, contaminated dairy foods such as unpasteurized (raw) milk, or fruits and vegetables contaminated by food handlers. Salmonella are a type of bacteria that have been known to cause illness for over 125 years. The organism is named for a scientist named Daniel Elmer Salmon, who discovered the bacteria. Salmonellosis is a food-borne infection typically caused by consumption of contaminated foods.", "Definition. Salmonella infection is a common bacterial disease that affects the intestinal tract. Salmonella bacteria typically live in animal and human intestines and are shed through feces. Humans become infected most frequently through contaminated water or food. Typically, people with salmonella infection have no symptoms." ], "url": [ "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/salmonella/basics/causes/CON-20029017", "http://healthvermont.gov/prevent/salmonella/Salmonella.aspx", "http://www.hhs.gov/answers/public-health-and-safety/what-is-the-difference-between-salmonella-and-e-coli/index.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmonella", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmonella", "http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/160942.php", "http://www.medicinenet.com/salmonella_food_poisoning_salmonellosis/article.htm", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/salmonella/basics/definition/con-20029017" ] }

[ "Salmonella infection, or salmonellosis, is a bacterial disease of the intestinal tract. Salmonella is a group of bacteria that cause typhoid fever, food poisoning, gastroenteritis, enteric fever and other illnesses. People become infected mostly through contaminated water or foods, especially meat, poultry and eggs." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Kitchen fires. Kitchen fires are without doubt the most common cause of domestic fires. With electricity, fats, gas, wood and a number of chemicals to be found in your kitchen, you need to make sure you take every precaution possible to minimise the chances of a fire occurring.", "Every year, there are between 350,000 and 400,000 house fires in the U.S., according the National Fire Protection Association. Make sure your home is prepared in case of emergency. The best way to prevent house fires is to understand how they start. Here are the 5 leading causes and how you can prevent them: 1 Cooking: The majority of house fires are caused by cooking-related incidents, specifically, a person leaving a hot oven or stove unattended. 2 Ranges are the source of 58 percent of home cooking fires. 1 Cooking: The majority of house fires are caused by cooking-related incidents, specifically, a person leaving a hot oven or stove unattended. 2 Ranges are the source of 58 percent of home cooking fires. 3 Prevention tips: Keep an eye on cooking equipment while it’s in use.", "Best Answer: Top five causes of all home fires (in the United States)... 5. Electrical Systems-About 40,000 fires annually 4. Misc. household equipment, not catgorized elsewhere (say an iron, or a candle) - About 45,000 fires annually. 3. Arson-About 55,000 fires annually. 2. Heating Equipment-about 75,000 fire annually. 1. Cooking and cooking equipment-almost 100,000 fires annually. Now for some addtional interesting statistics... Top five causes of fires in the home that result in fatalities... 5.", "1 Electrical – speaking of electrical problems, they are another very common cause of house fires. 2 One of the leading culprits is the over-use of extension cords. 1 Kids playing with fire – Another very common cause of fires that we all hear of fairly frequently is kids playing with matches or a lighter and not fully comprehending the risks they are taking. 2 It’s really important to be sure to teach your kids about fire safety and the reasons why they should not play with fire.", "Previous Next 1 of 11. When a pot or pan overheats or splatters greases, it can take seconds to cause a fire. Stay in the kitchen when cooking, especially if using oil or high temperatures; most kitchen fires occur because people get distracted and leave their cooking unattended. Previous Next Photo: Thinkstock. Cooking Equipment When a pot or pan overheats or splatters greases, it can take seconds to cause a fire. Stay in the kitchen when cooking, especially if using oil or high temperatures; most kitchen fires occur because people get distracted and leave their cooking unattended.", "1 A related and more common cause of heating related fires are small space heaters (electrical or fueld-based). 2 These can lead to all kinds of possible problems including a short and/or electrical overload problem. 3 Electrical – speaking of electrical problems, they are another very common cause of house fires. 1 Kids playing with fire – Another very common cause of fires that we all hear of fairly frequently is kids playing with matches or a lighter and not fully comprehending the risks they are taking. 2 It’s really important to be sure to teach your kids about fire safety and the reasons why they should not play with fire.", "The cause of the fire, according to investigators, was a 16-foot tall Christmas tree that the owners left lit most of the time in the great room of the house. An electrical failure ignited the two-month-old tree, which swiftly fueled the fire in the rest of the house. ", "The STOVE TOP. According to the National Fire Prevention Association (NFPA) and the U.S. Fire Administration (USFA): * A kitchen fire occurs every 8 minutes in the United States * Unattended cooking is responsible for 70% of these fires * Over 53% of Americans admit to walking away from the kitchen while cooking. # Over the last decade, candle fires have almost tripled. In 1999 alone, an estimated 15,040 home fires started by candles were reported to fire departments. These fires resulted in 102 deaths, 1,473 injuries, and an estimated property loss of $278 million.", "10 Most Common Causes of House Fires. According to the NFPA, there are between 350,000 and 400,000 house fires in the U.S. every year and this results in almost $8 billion in annual damages. Those are some scary statistics especially for those of us with families to protect. 1 Kids playing with fire – Another very common cause of fires that we all hear of fairly frequently is kids playing with matches or a lighter and not fully comprehending the risks they are taking. 2 It’s really important to be sure to teach your kids about fire safety and the reasons why they should not play with fire." ], "url": [ "http://www.safelincs.co.uk/blog/2012/04/06/common-causes-of-domestic-fires/", "http://www.carraracompanies.com/5-most-common-causes-of-house-fires/", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20060726091411AArN5mu", "http://commissionerleonard.typepad.com/commissioner_randy_leonar/2011/03/10-most-common-causes-of-house-fires-.html", "http://www.readersdigest.ca/home-garden/cleaning/top-10-causes-house-fires/", "http://commissionerleonard.typepad.com/commissioner_randy_leonar/2011/03/10-most-common-causes-of-house-fires-.html", "http://www.propertycasualty360.com/2015/02/23/its-house-fire-season-here-are-the-8-most-common-f", "http://shareranks.com/3587,Most-common-causes-of-domestic-fires-in-the-Us", "http://commissionerleonard.typepad.com/commissioner_randy_leonar/2011/03/10-most-common-causes-of-house-fires-.html" ] }

[ "Best Answer: Top five causes of all home fires (in the United States)... 5. Electrical Systems-About 40,000 fires annually 4. Misc. household equipment, not catgorized elsewhere (say an iron, or a candle) - About 45,000 fires annually. 3. Arson-About 55,000 fires annually. 2. Heating Equipment-about 75,000 fire annually. 1. Cooking and cooking equipment-almost 100,000 fires annually. Now for some addtional interesting statistics... Top five causes of fires in the home that result in fatalities... 5.", "The STOVE TOP. According to the National Fire Prevention Association (NFPA) and the U.S. Fire Administration (USFA): * A kitchen fire occurs every 8 minutes in the United States * Unattended cooking is responsible for 70% of these fires * Over 53% of Americans admit to walking away from the kitchen while cooking. # Over the last decade, candle fires have almost tripled. In 1999 alone, an estimated 15,040 home fires started by candles were reported to fire departments. These fires resulted in 102 deaths, 1,473 injuries, and an estimated property loss of $278 million." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "At $4,455 per ton for grapes and 4.5 tons per acre the gross returns is $20,000, giving $3,700 per acre net profit. Of course, a different yield or price per acre changes that calculation dramatically. At 3.5 tons per acre and $4,455 per ton, the grower would lose $450 per acre. At $5,805 per ton for grapes and the same yield, the grower would net almost $10,000, but few growers can expect both high prices and high yields.", "Producing vineyards. Once the vineyard is producing, total cash annual operating costs are about $5,600 (less interest), plus $2,000 for overhead and $8,600 in non-cash overhead (particularly recovering land and planting) for total costs of $16,300 per acre. Of course, a different yield or price per acre changes that calculation dramatically. At 3.5 tons per acre and $4,455 per ton, the grower would lose $450 per acre. At $5,805 per ton for grapes and the same yield, the grower would net almost $10,000, but few growers can expect both high prices and high yields.", "Yield is roughly 5 tons per acre, on mature vines (3-4 years old). The average price of Sonoma grapes is just under $2,000 per ton (higher in some areas, lower in others). Each acre should generate $10,000 + in revenue annually. After deducting the farming costs that leaves roughly $7,000 +/- $500 revenue. If you were to invest in a 10 acre farm the cost of the initial investment (excluding land price) would likely be $250,000. Add in the cost of land (at about $100,000 per acre) you are up to $1,250,000 initial investment. Assuming some mix of equity and loans 40/60 is typical you would be servicing about about $600,000 in debt over a 20 year period = $4500/month or $54,000/ year. Back to yields: If you plant a mix of grapes and can manage to yield $2,500 per acre you will generate about $125,000 per year in revenue.", "A common question every winery gets asked is how much it costs to plant an acre of grapes. The list below shows approximate prices to put in one acre of grapes. That's 15 rows, 90m in length, 3m apart and a vine every 2m. ", "Regional comparison. By comparison, a similar costs report in Napa County for 1,555 vines per acre yielding 4.5 tons per acre would result in total cash costs per acre of $31,983, $5,212 and $5,251 for the first three years, but the income would total $4,455 per acre (with 1 ton in the third year.). Sixty acres of vines being replanted are the basis of this study; the farm also has 135 acres of mature vineyards in production. Roads, irrigation systems, fencing and farmstead occupy 5 acres of the property. Land in this area costs $11,000-$30,000 per acre.", "The water needed by vines varies greatly with growing conditions, so judging how much water a new vineyard may require is difficult. Planting Costs. Contractors charge from $15,000 to $35,000 per acre to plant new vineyards on clear land. These costs include land preparation, an irrigation system, a trellis system and planting with grafted cuttings. Costs can be even higher when new vineyards require extensive grading, drilling wells, etc. Crop size depends on the grape variety, weather, soil conditions, vine density, water, etc. One to two tons per acre is usual for old, dry farmed vineyards planted in the cool coastal regions of California. Fruit from old vines often display concentrated flavors, and the intense flavors carry over into the wine.", "Old cultivations have 4000 -6000 grapevines/hectare or 1600 - 2400 grapevines/acre (1 hectare = 2,5 acres). It has been found that the ideal density of planting vines is at least 4000 grapevines per hectare (1600 grapevines per hectare). Some wine producers sow almost 5000 to 6000 grapevines per hectare (2000 to 2400 grapevines per acre). The greater the planting density, the greater the struggle for sustenance between every grapevine which tends to reduce the yield and weight of grapes considerably, and the harvest would get intensified.", "Production begins in year 3 with 1 ton of wine grapes per acre and increases to 3 tons at full production. Total variable costs are $11,235 in the first year with an additional $166 of cash fixed costs for a total cash cost of $11,401 per acre. A planting density of 1,245 grafted vines per acre (5' x 7') vine and row spacing with a productive life of 25 years, once full production of 3 ton per acre is reached. 3. The wine grape vineyard is trained to a vertically shoot positioned system. 4. Wine grape prices are $2,300 per ton", "Output Price Vineyard profitability is highly affected by the price of grapes. As shown in Table 13, a $150 per ton reduction in output price from $1,300 to $1,150 per ton reduced the investment return by nearly 50 percent ($13,586 to $6,891 per acre). " ], "url": [ "http://www.winesandvines.com/template.cfm?section=news&content=99785", "http://www.winesandvines.com/template.cfm?section=news&content=99785", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070630211238AAVmbOk", "http://ezinearticles.com/?What-Does-it-Cost-to-Plant-1-Acre-of-Vines&id=1588223", "http://www.winesandvines.com/template.cfm?section=news&content=105157", "http://grangettosnews.com/news/12/01/grapes.html", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20101221015337AA6i7XW", "http://arec.oregonstate.edu/oaeb/files/pdf/EM8969-E.pdf", "http://coopext.colostate.edu/WR/costofgrowinggrapes.pdf" ] }

[ "Yield is roughly 5 tons per acre, on mature vines (3-4 years old). The average price of Sonoma grapes is just under $2,000 per ton (higher in some areas, lower in others). Each acre should generate $10,000 + in revenue annually. After deducting the farming costs that leaves roughly $7,000 +/- $500 revenue. If you were to invest in a 10 acre farm the cost of the initial investment (excluding land price) would likely be $250,000. Add in the cost of land (at about $100,000 per acre) you are up to $1,250,000 initial investment. Assuming some mix of equity and loans 40/60 is typical you would be servicing about about $600,000 in debt over a 20 year period = $4500/month or $54,000/ year. Back to yields: If you plant a mix of grapes and can manage to yield $2,500 per acre you will generate about $125,000 per year in revenue." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Contrasted with the premarket notification process, the PMA (premarket approval) process is more rigorous because it requires a device sponsor to demonstrate that its device is safe and effective for its intended use, based on scientific evidence. Class III medical devices, or high-risk medical devices, are typically subject to the most stringent regulatory requirements, including the submission of a premarket approval application (“PMA”).", "A Premarket Approval (PMA) application is a scientific, regulatory documentation to FDA to demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of the class III device. There are administrative elements of a PMA application, but good science and scientific writing is a key to the approval of PMA application. If the regulation in the CFR states that “No effective date has been established of the requirement for premarket approval,” a Class III 510(k) should be submitted. Please note that PMA devices often involve new concepts and many are not of a type marketed prior to the Medical Device Amendments.", "Premarket Approval. The FDA regulates medical devices on a three-tier, risk-based approach. Class III medical devices, or high-risk medical devices, are typically subject to the most stringent regulatory requirements, including the submission of a premarket approval application (“PMA”).", "Premarket approval (PMA) is the FDA process of scientific and regulatory review to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of Class III medical devices. ", "Premarket Approval. Premarket approval (PMA) is the most stringent type of device marketing application required by the FDA and is required for new devices for which there is no existing equivalent or predicate (Class III devices). ", "The regulation governing premarket approval is located in Title 21 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 814, Premarket Approval. A class III device that fails to meet PMA requirements is considered to be adulterated under section 501(f) of the FD&C Act and cannot be marketed. [ back to top ]. If the regulation in the CFR states that “No effective date has been established of the requirement for premarket approval,” a Class III 510(k) should be submitted. Please note that PMA devices often involve new concepts and many are not of a type marketed prior to the Medical Device Amendments.", "Therefore, these devices require a premarket approval (PMA) application under section 515 of the FD&C Act in order to obtain marketing clearance. Please note that some Class III preamendment devices may require a Class III 510(k). If the regulation in the CFR states that “No effective date has been established of the requirement for premarket approval,” a Class III 510(k) should be submitted. Please note that PMA devices often involve new concepts and many are not of a type marketed prior to the Medical Device Amendments.", "The FDA PMA approval process is more complex and time-consuming than 510(k) premarket notification, and requires considerable preparation and resources. There are five general components to the FDA PMA approval process for medical devices: 1 Pre-Submission (pre-sub). 2 Investigational Device Exemption (IDE). 3 Premarket Approval.", "Devices marketed for such purposes require premarket approval, which the manufacturers know they could not obtain. FDA regulatory officials are aware of the illegal marketing and have issued a few warning letters [5]. However, the agency has not made a systematic effort to drive them from the marketplace. Because of the nature of the laws underlying this process, a successful submission is deemed to be “cleared.” Clearance of a Premarket Notification submission by CDRH confers permission to market the new device. By legal definition, it is NOT an “approval” process.", "premarket approval (PMA). [-mar′kit]. permission given by the federal government to equipment manufacturers to sell their devices to the medical profession. Medical devices A scientific and regulatory review by the FDA to ensure the safety and effectiveness of a Class III device, before its approval for marketing. " ], "url": [ "http://giannamore-law.com/our-services/premarket-approval-pma/", "http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/HowtoMarketYourDevice/PremarketSubmissions/PremarketApprovalPMA/default.htm", "http://giannamore-law.com/our-services/premarket-approval-pma/", "http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMA/pma.cfm", "http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/807243_2", "http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/HowtoMarketYourDevice/PremarketSubmissions/PremarketApprovalPMA/default.htm", "http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/HowtoMarketYourDevice/PremarketSubmissions/PremarketApprovalPMA/default.htm", "http://www.emergogroup.com/services/united-states/fda-premarket-approval", "http://devicewatch.org/reg/510k.shtml", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Premarket+Approval" ] }

[ "Premarket approval (PMA) is the FDA process of scientific and regulatory review to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of Class III medical devices. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "diencephalon. 1. the posterior part of the prosencephalon, consisting of the hypothalamus, thalamus, metathalamus, and epithalamus; the subthalamus is often considered to be a distinct division. See also brainstem. 2. the posterior of the two brain vesicles formed by specialization of the prosencephalon in the developing embryo. Etymology: Gk, di + enkephalon, brain. the portion of the brain between the cerebrum and the mesencephalon. It consists of the hypothalamus, thalamus, metathalamus, and the epithalamus and includes most of the third ventricle. , pl.", "The metencephalon is the embryonic part of the hindbrain that differentiates into the pons and the cerebellum. It contains a portion of the fourth ventricle and the trigeminal nerve (CN V), abducens nerve (CN VI), facial nerve (CN VII), and a portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII). ", "Telencephalon. The telencephalon (or cerebrum) consists of two cerebral hemispheres plus a small mid-line component called lamina terminalis. The lamina terminalis forms the rostral wall of the third ventricle and contains the rostral commissure. Cerebral white matter contains fibers that connect neighboring or distant gyri, fibers that communicate between hemispheres, and fibers that connect the hemisphere with the brainstem. The corpus callosum is a mass of fibers that connect right and left cerebral hemispheres.", "Prosencephalon, Forebrain. The forebrain controls nearly all processes in the Central Nervous System. It consists of the Cerebrum (Telencephalon) and the Diencephalon. Some scientists use the terms Prosencephalon (Forebrain) and Telencephalon synonymously; normally 'Telencephalon' is only used for the Cerebrum without the Diencephalon. Source: Project HOPES, Standford University (edited).", "The supratentorial contents can be divided into the posterior part called diencephalon, and the anterior part called telencephalon, or cerebrum. Furthermore, the telencephalon consists of the cerebral hemispheres, white matter under the cortices, and the basal ganglia. Knowledge of the parts of the telencephalon is important for neurologists and neurosurgeons because the manifestations of diseases differ according to what region is affected. The telencephalon is more commonly known as the cerebrum. A horizontal membrane called the telencephalon divides the lower posterior fossa and upper supratentorial levels of the brain.", "diencephalon. 1. the posterior part of the forebrain, consisting of the hypothalamus, thalamus, metathalamus, and epithalamus; the subthalamus is often recognized as a distinct division. Etymology: Gk, di + enkephalon, brain. the portion of the brain between the cerebrum and the mesencephalon. It consists of the hypothalamus, thalamus, metathalamus, and the epithalamus and includes most of the third ventricle. , pl.", "1 Introduction: the telencephalon is the most rostral part of the brain vesicle and consists of 2 lateral outpocketings, the cerebral hemispheres, and a median part, the lamina terminalis. ", "Superficial gray matter of the cerebral hemisphere is called cerebral cortex (most of the cortex is neocortex, in contrast to old paleocortex of the piriform lobe). The cortical surface features sulci (grooves) and gyri (ridges). Cerebral white matter contains fibers that connect neighboring or distant gyri, fibers that communicate between hemispheres, and fibers that connect the hemisphere with the brainstem. The corpus callosum is a mass of fibers that connect right and left cerebral hemispheres.", "The cerebrum is a large part of the brain containing the cerebral cortex (of the two cerebral hemispheres), as well as several subcortical structures, including the hippocampus, basal ganglia, and olfactory bulb. In humans, the cerebrum is the superior-most region of the central nervous system. The telencephalon is the embryonic structure from which the cerebrum develops prenatally. In mammals, the dorsal telencephalon, or pallium, develops into the cerebral cortex, and the ventral telencephalon, or subpallium, becomes the basal ganglia. The cerebrum is made up of the two cerebral hemispheres and their cortices, (the outer layers of gray matter), and the underlying regions of white matter." ], "url": [ "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/diencephalon", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metencephalon", "http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/neurLab3/telenceph.html", "http://brain-maps.com/forebrain-prosencephalon.html", "http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the-telencephalon.htm", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/diencephalon", "http://discovery.lifemapsc.com/library/review-of-medical-embryology/chapter-155-the-brain-the-telencephalon-first-vesicle", "http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/neurLab3/telenceph.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebrum" ] }

[ "Telencephalon. The telencephalon (or cerebrum) consists of two cerebral hemispheres plus a small mid-line component called lamina terminalis. The lamina terminalis forms the rostral wall of the third ventricle and contains the rostral commissure. Cerebral white matter contains fibers that connect neighboring or distant gyri, fibers that communicate between hemispheres, and fibers that connect the hemisphere with the brainstem. The corpus callosum is a mass of fibers that connect right and left cerebral hemispheres." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Early life. Plato was born in Athens, Greece, the son of Ariston and Perictione, both of Athenian noble backgrounds. He lived his whole life in Athens, although he traveled to Sicily and southern Italy on several occasions. One story says he traveled to Egypt. ", "Plato was born around 428 B.C., during the final years of the Golden Age of Pericles’ Athens. He was of noble Athenian lineage on both sides. His father Ariston died when he was a child. His mother Perictione remarried the politician Pyrilampes. The Athenian philosopher Plato (c.428-347 B.C.) is one of the most important figures of the Ancient Greek world and the entire history of Western thought. In his written dialogues he conveyed and expanded on the ideas and techniques of his teacher Socrates.", "Biography: Plato was a classical Greek philosopher born 428-7 B.C.E and died in 348-7 B.C.E at the age of 80-81. The trio of Plato, Socrates (his teacher) and Aristotle (his student) they laid the fundamentals of Western philosophy. According to Diogenes' Plato's birth was a result of Ariston's rape of Perictione. He had two older brothers Glaucon and Adeimantus, and a sister, Potone. Plato also had a half brother, Antiphon when his mother remarried after his father died.", "Best Answer: Plato, the Greek philosopher who was also the student of Socrates and the teacher of Aristotle. Born in Athens, Greece about 428BC. · just now. Report Abuse. Plato was born in Athens in 427/428 b.c. and when Socrates was Forty-two and the day he was really born was the day he met Socrates.", "Socrates was born first. According to most people, Plato wrote about Socrates and his encounters, but in his later years started to write his own philosophy as if Socrat … es had said it. Aristotle was a student of Plato, and was very critical of his thinking. 6 people found this useful. ", "Born circa 428 B.C.E., ancient Greek philosopher Plato was a student of Socrates and a teacher of Aristotle. His writings explored justice, beauty and equality, and also contained discussions in aesthetics, political philosophy, theology, cosmology, epistemology and the philosophy of language. Traditional history estimates Plato's birth was around 428 B.C.E., but more modern scholars, tracing later events in his life, believe he was born between 424 and 423 B.C.E. Both of his parents came from the Greek aristocracy. Plato's father, Ariston, descended from the kings of Athens and Messenia", "Plato was born Dana Michelle Strain on November 7, 1964 in Maywood, California, to Linda Strain, an unwed teenager who was already caring for an 18-month-old child. Seven months after her birth, in June 1965, she was adopted by Dean Plato, who owned a trucking company, and his wife Florine Kay Plato. ", "Diogenes' claim that Plato was born the year Pericles died would put his birth in 429. Later (at 3.6), Diogenes says that Plato was twenty-eight when Socrates was put to death (in 399), which would, again, put his year of birth at 427. Plato (427—347 B.C.E.). Plato is one of the world's best known and most widely read and studied philosophers. He was the student of Socrates and the teacher of Aristotle, and he wrote in the middle of the fourth century B.C.E. in ancient Greece." ], "url": [ "http://www.notablebiographies.com/Pe-Pu/Plato.html", "http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/plato", "http://www.ancientgreece.com/s/People/Plato/", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20061003053910AAlkHvd", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Where_and_when_was_Plato_born", "http://www.biography.com/people/plato-9442588", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dana_Plato", "http://www.iep.utm.edu/plato/" ] }

[ "Early life. Plato was born in Athens, Greece, the son of Ariston and Perictione, both of Athenian noble backgrounds. He lived his whole life in Athens, although he traveled to Sicily and southern Italy on several occasions. One story says he traveled to Egypt. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A boarding school is a school where some or all pupils study and live during the school year with their fellow students and possibly teachers or principals. The word 'boarding' is used in the sense of bed and board, i.e., lodging and meals. In the United States, boarding schools for students below the age of 13 are called junior boarding schools, and are not as common and not as encouraged as in the United Kingdom and India. The oldest junior boarding school in the United States is the Fay School in Southborough, Massachusetts.", "The boarding school experience for Indian children began in 1860 when the Bureau of Indian Affairs established the first Indian boarding school on the Yakima Indian Reservation in the state of Washington. For Col. Richard Henry Pratt, the goal was complete assimilation. In 1879, he established the most well known of the off-reservation boarding schools, the Carlisle Indian School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania.", "Two primary objectives of the residential school system were to remove and isolate children from the influence of their homes, families, traditions and cultures, and to assimilate them into the dominant culture. In the 1880s, in conjunction with other federal assimilation policies, the government began to establish residential schools across Canada. Authorities would frequently take children to schools far from their home communities, part of a strategy to alienate them from their families and familiar surroundings.", "Living conditions at the residential schools. The purpose of the residential schools was to eliminate all aspects of Aboriginal culture. Students had their hair cut short, they were dressed in uniforms, and their days were strictly regimented by timetables. Boys and girls were kept separate, and even siblings rarely interacted, further weakening family ties. In the 1880s, in conjunction with other federal assimilation policies, the government began to establish residential schools across Canada. Authorities would frequently take children to schools far from their home communities, part of a strategy to alienate them from their families and familiar surroundings.", "It is generally thought that residential schools were around from somewhere along 1870-1910. However, there are ma … ny sources that suggest some were still in effect well into the 1980s. The last one closed in 1996. Initially, residential schools were used for the purpose of assimilation of Aboriginal Children. The concept was to cure them of their Aboriginal customs and heritage. By 1920, it was compulsory for ALL Aboriginal children aged 7-15 to attend residential schools. They were forcibly taken from their homes. ", "Residential Schools. The purpose of the residential schools was the education, integration, assimilation and “Christianization” of Aboriginal children into mainstream Canadian society. The government removed Aboriginal children from their homes and home communities, and transported them to residential schools which were often long distances away. The residential school system predates Confederation and in part grew out of Canada’s missionary experience with various religious organizations.", "Compensation called Common Experience Payments was made available to residential schools students who were alive as of May 30, 2005. Former residential school students are eligible for $10,000 for the first year or part of a year they attended school, plus $3,000 for each subsequent year. The government felt children were easier to mold than adults, and the concept of a boarding school was the best way to prepare them for life in mainstream society. Residential schools were federally run, under the Department of Indian Affairs. Attendance was mandatory.", "One of the most acrimonious issues to result from the Treaty process is the dark legacy of the residential school system. The purpose of the residential schools in Canada was to educate and civilize or westernize the First Nation peoples in order that they adopt a more western-that is European-lifestyle. The schools first appeared in Western Canada in 1883-84, with schools opened in Qu'Appelle, High River and Battleford. By 1898, there were 54 schools nation-wide, which increased to 74 schools in 1920. In the same year, the Department of Indian Affairs decided to make school mandatory for children aged 7 to 15." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boarding_school", "http://www.nrcprograms.org/site/PageServer?pagename=airc_hist_boardingschools", "http://indigenousfoundations.arts.ubc.ca/home/government-policy/the-residential-school-system.html", "http://indigenousfoundations.arts.ubc.ca/home/government-policy/the-residential-school-system.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_was_the_purpose_of_residential_schools", "http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/residential_schools.html", "http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/a-history-of-residential-schools-in-canada-1.702280", "http://wayback.archive-it.org/2217/20101208174512/http:/www.albertasource.ca/treaty8/eng/1899_and_After/Implications_and_Contentions/residential_schools.html" ] }

[ "Residential Schools. The purpose of the residential schools was the education, integration, assimilation and “Christianization” of Aboriginal children into mainstream Canadian society. The government removed Aboriginal children from their homes and home communities, and transported them to residential schools which were often long distances away. The residential school system predates Confederation and in part grew out of Canada’s missionary experience with various religious organizations." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Meaning & History. Anglicized form of both COINNEACH and CINAED. Cináed this name was borne by The scottish King (Kenneth) cinaed Cináed, mac alpin who United the Scots and picts in the. 9th century it was popularized Outside of Scotland By Sir, walter scott who used it for the hero in 'His Novel' (the). talisman 1825", "Kenneth /ken-neth/ [2 sylls.] as a boys' name is pronounced KEN-eth. It is of Irish and Gaelic origin, and the meaning of Kenneth is fire born; good-looking. Art historian Kenneth Clark; actor Kenneth Branagh. Kreatif forms: Keeneth, Kerneth, Kinneth. Kenneth is a very prominent first name for men (#17 out of 1220, Top 1%) and also a very prominent last name for both adults and children (#33090 out of 150436, Top 22%). (2000 U.S. Census). Displayed below is the baby name popularity of Kenneth for boys.", "Meaning of Kenneth. English name. In English, the name Kenneth means-Royal obligation; Good-looking; fair.. Other origins for the name Kenneth include-English, Irish, Celtic, Scottish.The name Kenneth is most often used as a boy name or male name. English Name Meaning-Royal obligation; Good-looking; fair", "Origin of the name Kenneth: Of Scottish origin, Kenneth is the Anglicized form of the Gaelic Cinaed and Cionaed (born of fire), and Coinneach and Caoineach (comely, handsome). Short: Ken. Pet: Kenny. From A World of Baby Names by Teresa Norman. ", "The name Kenneth is an American baby name. In American the meaning of the name Kenneth is: Handsome. Scottish Meaning: The name Kenneth is a Scottish baby name. In Scottish the meaning of the name Kenneth is: Handsome. Root of the surname MacKenzie. Famous Bearer: Kenneth Grahame (1859- 1932), author of The Wind in the Willows. English Meaning: The name Kenneth is an English baby name. ", "The name Ken is an English baby name. In English the meaning of the name Ken is: Royal obligation. Abbreviation of names beginning with 'Ken-'. Japanese Meaning: The name Ken is a Japanese baby name. In Japanese the meaning of the name Ken is: Strong; physically healthy. Scottish Meaning: The name Ken is a Scottish baby name. In Scottish the meaning of the name Ken is: Handsome. Root of the surname MacKenzie. Famous Bearer: Kenneth Grahame (1859- 1932), author of The Wind in the Willows. ", "[ 2 syll. ken-net(h) , ke-nne-th ] The baby boy name Kenneth is pronounced as K EH NNeh-TH †. Kenneth is primarily used in English, Gaelic, and Scottish, and it is of Celtic origin. Kenneth's meaning is fair and fiery. It is derived from the element 'caomh' which is of the meaning fair, comely, gentle. ", "Kenneth is an English given name and surname. The name is an Anglicised form of two entirely different Gaelic personal names: Cainnech and Cinaed. The modern Gaelic form of Cainnech is Coinneach; the name was derived from a byname meaning handsome, comely. The name Cinaed is partly derived from the Celtic *aidhu, meaning fire. A short form of Kenneth is Ken. A pet form of Kenneth is Kenny" ], "url": [ "http://www.behindthename.com/name/kenneth", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/1/Kenneth", "http://meaning-of-names.com/english-names/kenneth.asp", "http://www.babynamewizard.com/baby-name/boy/kenneth", "http://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/kenneth", "http://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/ken", "http://www.babynamespedia.com/meaning/Kenneth", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth" ] }

[ "The name Kenneth is an American baby name. In American the meaning of the name Kenneth is: Handsome. Scottish Meaning: The name Kenneth is a Scottish baby name. In Scottish the meaning of the name Kenneth is: Handsome. Root of the surname MacKenzie. Famous Bearer: Kenneth Grahame (1859- 1932), author of The Wind in the Willows. English Meaning: The name Kenneth is an English baby name. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Have you ever wondered where mascara comes from or how it was invented? The first commercially produced mascara was invented by Eugene Rimmel (I’m assuming there’s a Rimmel Cosmetics connection there) in the 19th century. The word “rimmel” means mascara in several languages. Modern mascara was first invented in 1913. It consisted of coal dust and Vaseline petroleum jelly. The chemist who came up with the idea was T.L. Williams. He was trying to find a solution for his sister, Mabel’s sparse lashes. William’s invention was a hit thus spawning Maybelline. For years mascara came in a cake form. Max Factor was the first company to put mascara into a tube with a wand applicator. Today there are millions of tubes of mascara sold yearly in the United States.", "Report Abuse. The first mascara product was invented by Eugene Rimmel in the 19th century. The word rimmel still means mascara in several languages, including French and Italian. The word mascara derives from the Spanish word mascara máscara or The italian, maschera which means. mask Best Answer: Eugene Rimmel in the 19th century invented the mascara. The word rimmel still means mascara in several languages, including French and Italian. you can go to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mascara for more detailed info............", "Mascara is a cosmetic commonly used to enhance the eyes. It may darken, thicken, lengthen, and/or define the eyelashes. Normally in one of three forms—liquid, cake, or cream—the modern mascara product has various formulas; however, most contain the same basic components of pigments, oils, waxes, and preservatives.", "Lash of the Mohicans. Claim: Maybelline, the first commercial mascara, was named for a real person. Origins: Lash-darkening products have been part of the feminine. arsenal for thousands of years, but it took the primping sister of a entrepreneurial brother to bring mascara to market in modern times. Ancient Greek women brushed black incense into their eyebrows and eyelashes", "The Collins English Dictionary defines mascara as a cosmetic substance for darkening, lengthening, curling, coloring, and thickening the eyelashes, applied with a brush or rod.. The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) adds that mascara is occasionally used on the eyebrows as well. It may darken, thicken, lengthen, and/or define the eyelashes. Normally in one of three forms—liquid, cake, or cream—the modern mascara product has various formulas; however, most contain the same basic components of pigments, oils, waxes, and preservatives.", "Eugene Rimmel invented the first mascara in the late 19th century. A more modern mascara was invented by T.L. Williams in 1913, and it was a cake like substance. The mas … cara that we see today was invented by Helena Rubenstein. ", "Eugene Rimmel invented the first mascara in the late 19th century. A more modern mascara was invented by T.L. Williams in 1913, and it was a cake like substance. The mas … cara that we see today was invented by Helena Rubenstein. The word mascara derives from the Italian maschera, which means mask from Middle Latin masca or Arabic Maskhara or from Old Occitan masco. Source: ht … tp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mascara.", "Today, mascara is known as a beauty product, but the history of mascara proves mascara originated to ward off evil spirits and ill-wishers. Ancient Egyptians play a large part of the rich history of mascara. Dating as far as 3400-30 B.C., Egyptians used bone and ivory as mascara applicators, and blended kohl with crocodile dung, water and honey to create the first mascara. Egyptians lined their eyes with kohl and used the mascara to deepen their lashes." ], "url": [ "https://whatsonherface.wordpress.com/2010/02/01/where-does-mascara-come-from/", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20061126201154AAInV02", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mascara", "http://www.snopes.com/business/names/mascara.asp", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mascara", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Where_does_mascara_come_from", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Where_did_mascara_originate_from", "http://makeup.lovetoknow.com/History_of_Mascara" ] }

[ "Eugene Rimmel invented the first mascara in the late 19th century. A more modern mascara was invented by T.L. Williams in 1913, and it was a cake like substance. The mas … cara that we see today was invented by Helena Rubenstein. The word mascara derives from the Italian maschera, which means mask from Middle Latin masca or Arabic Maskhara or from Old Occitan masco. Source: ht … tp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mascara." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The United States is a market leader in many of the world's major crops. Understanding where and when major US crops are grown can help Canadian farmers market their crops. Reports on US seeded acreage, growing conditions, weather forecasts, production reports, and harvest progress are all relevant for Canadian farmers. The second largest crop grown in the US is soybeans. As with corn, soybeans are primarily grown in the Midwestern states. The US barley crop is of most interest to Canadian malt barley growers. US barley is grown over a wide area geographically and the US produces about 60 per cent as much barley as Canada", "Saskatchewan is Canada's leading producer of wheat. Over 54 percent of Canada's wheat comes from Saskatchewan. One third of the province is cultivated land. The province is also a major producer of cattle and hogs. Saskatchewan ranks second as a producer of beef cattle. (Alberta ranks first). Most of the ranches are in southwestern part of the province. ", "Answer by Joan McHale. Confidence votes 3.0K. Wheat, hay, barley, canola, oats, corn and soybeans are grown in Canada. Canada is the second largest country in the world and is sparsely populated so there is lots of land for farming. Along with the crops already listed, peas, lentils, beans, mustard seed and even Canary seed is also produced", "The nation's main crops are wheat, barley, corn, potatoes, soybeans, rice, and sugar beets. The dominant crop is wheat. In 1998 Canada produced 24,076,300 tons of wheat. However, there is less wheat under cultivation in Canada than at any time in the 20th century. This is the result of increased diversification and low worldwide wheat prices. The number-two crop was barley and the country harvested some 12,708,700 tons of it. Total crop output in 1998 was 53,701,500 tons", "The list goes on! Agriculture also has a major impact on the economy. Canola-now the oil of choice for millions around the world-was developed by Canadian scientists and planted by Canadian farmers. In 2013, Canada contributed 33% to global canola exports. As you might expect, AAFC helps farmers and industry feed our country, but this is just the tip of the iceberg lettuce! We are working to grow Canada's exports, while providing leadership in the growth and development of a competitive, innovative and sustainable Canadian agriculture and agri-food industry.", "In 1925, Saskatchewan produced over half of the wheat in the Dominion of Canada, threshing in excess of 240,000,000 bushels (6,500,000 metric tons) of wheat. Rapeseed, alfalfa, barley, canola, flax, rye, and oats are other popularly grown grain crops. Wheat is a staple crop from Canada. The Canada Agriculture Museum preserves Canadian agricultural history. In 2015, there are approximately 20,000 farms in B.C. that are involved in agricultural activity, such as dairy, livestock, fruit and vegetable farming.", "Major Crops in the United States. Corn, wheat, soybeans, cotton, and hay account for 90% of harvested acreage in the United States. Corn, wheat, and soybeans are grown for both animal feed and human consumption. Cotton is used to make clothing and other products." ], "url": [ "http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/sis5219", "http://www.aitc.sk.ca/saskschools/sask/farm.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_crops_are_grown_in_Canada", "http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Americas/Canada-AGRICULTURE.html", "http://www.agr.gc.ca/eng/about-us/publications/we-grow-a-lot-more-than-you-may-think/?id=1251899760841", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_Canada", "http://crosscurrents.hawaii.edu/content.aspx?lang=eng&site=us&theme=food&subtheme=CROPS&unit=USFOOD012" ] }

[ "In 1925, Saskatchewan produced over half of the wheat in the Dominion of Canada, threshing in excess of 240,000,000 bushels (6,500,000 metric tons) of wheat. Rapeseed, alfalfa, barley, canola, flax, rye, and oats are other popularly grown grain crops. Wheat is a staple crop from Canada. The Canada Agriculture Museum preserves Canadian agricultural history. In 2015, there are approximately 20,000 farms in B.C. that are involved in agricultural activity, such as dairy, livestock, fruit and vegetable farming." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Tom Cruise net worth is estimated at $480 million. Born Thomas Cruise Mapother IV is a 3 time Oscar nominated American actor and a multi-millionaire film producer. Tom Cruise net worth came from his works as an actor and as film producer but majority of his wealth came from his box office movies.", "Tom Cruise net worth: $470 Million. Tom Cruise Net Worth: Tom Cruise is an American actor and producer who has a net worth of $470 million. Over the last three decades, Tom Cruise has starred in dozens of major blockbuster movies and is generally considered one of the biggest stars in Hollywood.", "American film actor and producer, Tom Cruise has an estimated net worth of $480 million. Tom Cruise made a strong impression in the teen comedy Risky Business (1983) and then had his first box-office smash as the fighter jock Maverick in Top Gun (1986).", "Tom Cruise is an American producer, director and actor. Tom Cruise net worth is estimated about 450 million USD. Tom has starred in dozens of big blockbuster films, in the last three decades. He is considered one the most famous and biggest celebrity in the world of entertainment especially in Hollywood.", "Tom Cruise's net worth may significantly change as he sells his Colorado estate for $59 million, the home he shared with ex-wife Katie Holmes. The award-winning actor is definitely one of the most in demand stars in the Hollywood as well as the busiest.", "Tom Cruise Net Worth: Tom Cruise is an American actor and producer who has a net worth of $470 million. Over the last three decades, Tom Cruise has starred in dozens of major blockbuster movies and is generally considered one of the biggest stars in Hollywood.", "Tom Cruise is an actor and producer. He has been nominated for three Academy Awards and has won three Golden Globe Awards. Tom Cruise started his career at age 19 in the 1981 film Taps. His first leading role was in Risky Business, released in August 1983." ], "url": [ "http://www.bornrich.com/tom-cruise.html", "http://www.celebritynetworth.com/richest-celebrities/actors/tom-cruise-net-worth/", "http://www.therichest.com/celebnetworth/celeb/actors/tom-cruise-net-worth/", "http://celebritypost.net/tom-cruise-net-worth/", "http://www.travelerstoday.com/articles/13820/20141106/tom,cruises,net,worth,may,significantly,change,as,he,sells,his,colorado,estate,for,59,million,the,home,he,shared,with,ex,wife,katie,holmes.htm", "http://www.celebritynetworth.com/dl/tom-cruise-net-worth/", "http://www.celebritiesnetworth.org/tom-cruise/" ] }

[ "Tom Cruise net worth: $470 Million. Tom Cruise Net Worth: Tom Cruise is an American actor and producer who has a net worth of $470 million. Over the last three decades, Tom Cruise has starred in dozens of major blockbuster movies and is generally considered one of the biggest stars in Hollywood." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The most common early menstrual irregularity noticed in the perimenopause is a shortening of cycle length. Women with prior 28 day cycles will commonly describe 24 to 26 day cycles during the early perimenopause. Eventually, the cycle length widens and skipping menses typically occurs. ", "During a normal menstrual cycle, the levels of the hormones estrogen and progesterone increase and decrease in a regular pattern. Ovulation occurs in the middle of the cycle, and menstruation occurs about 2 weeks later. During perimenopause, hormone levels may not follow this regular pattern. Menopause is defined as the absence of menstrual periods for 1 year. The average age of menopause is 51 years, but the normal range is 45 years to 55 years. The years leading up to this point are called perimenopause.", "As menopause approaches, women's hormones become imbalanced, and because the menstrual cycle is entirely dependent upon hormones, irregular periods often occur. Keep reading to learn more about irregular periods and their symptoms, common causes, and treatment options. It is also responsible for controlling the intensity and duration of menstrual bleeding. When it declines in menopause, it can lead to irregular periods. During anovulation, which is common with irregular periods in menopause, progesterone is not produced. This can lead to estrogen build-up.", "Perimenopause, which means around menopause , refers to the 2 to 8 years of changing hormone levels and related symptoms that lead up to menopause. The most common sign of perimenopause is longer, often irregular menstrual cycles that are caused by hormonal ups and downs. See a doctor for menstrual bleeding that lasts longer than 7 days or for cycles that are shorter than 21 days or longer than 35 days. For more information, see the topics: 1 Abnormal Uterine Bleeding. 2 Menopause and Perimenopause.", "Menopause is the point in time when a woman's menstrual periods stop. Menopause happens because the ovaries stop producing the hormones estrogen and progesterone. Once you have gone through menopause, you can't get pregnant anymore. Some changes that might start in the years around menopause include: 1 Irregular periods. 2 Your periods can come more often or less, last more days or fewer, and be lighter or heavier. 3 Do not assume that missing a couple of periods means you are beginning the menopausal transition.", "On average, a menstrual cycle lasts about 28 days, but anywhere between 21 and 35 days may be considered normal. One of the first signs of changing hormone levels is a change in the pattern of your monthly period. As your body transitions to menopause you may experience a range of symptoms that include changes in: ", "In general, irregular periods are very common during the perimenopause. The most common early menstrual irregularity noticed in the perimenopause is a shortening of cycle length. Women with prior 28 day cycles will commonly describe 24 to 26 day cycles during the early perimenopause. Eventually, the cycle length widens and skipping menses typically occurs. During the perimenopausal period, the most likely explanation for your irregular cycles is menopause. Perimenopause refers to the time before menopause when hormone levels, particularly estrogen, begin fluctuating. Perimenopause occurs, on average, about four years before actual", "For the first few years after menstruation begins, longer cycles are common. A woman's cycle tends to shorten and become more regular with age. Most of the time, periods will be in the range of 21 to 35 days apart. When you menstruate, your body sheds the lining of the uterus (womb). Menstrual blood flows from the uterus through the small opening in the cervix and passes out of the body through the vagina (see how the menstrual cycle works below). Most menstrual periods last from 3 to 5 days.", "It also prepares your body for pregnancy each month. A cycle is counted from the first day of 1 period to the first day of the next period. The average menstrual cycle is 28 days long. Cycles can range anywhere from 21 to 35 days in adults and from 21 to 45 days in young teens. The rise and fall of levels of hormones during the month control the menstrual cycle. When you menstruate, your body sheds the lining of the uterus (womb). Menstrual blood flows from the uterus through the small opening in the cervix and passes out of the body through the vagina (see how the menstrual cycle works below). Most menstrual periods last from 3 to 5 days." ], "url": [ "http://www.menopauserx.com/library/explained.htm", "http://www.acog.org/Patients/FAQs/Perimenopausal-Bleeding-and-Bleeding-After-Menopause", "http://www.34-menopause-symptoms.com/irregular-periods.htm", "http://www.webmd.com/women/tc/normal-menstrual-cycle-perimenopausal-menstrual-cycle", "http://www.womenshealth.gov/menopause/menopause-basics/", "http://www.webmd.boots.com/menopause/guide/heavy-periods-menopause", "http://menopause-aid.blogspot.com/2011/03/irregular-periods-during-menopause.html", "http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/menstruation.html", "http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/menstruation.html" ] }

[ "During a normal menstrual cycle, the levels of the hormones estrogen and progesterone increase and decrease in a regular pattern. Ovulation occurs in the middle of the cycle, and menstruation occurs about 2 weeks later. During perimenopause, hormone levels may not follow this regular pattern. Menopause is defined as the absence of menstrual periods for 1 year. The average age of menopause is 51 years, but the normal range is 45 years to 55 years. The years leading up to this point are called perimenopause." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Often, not knowing what to say, we put off writing the note and eventually don't say anything. The intention to write is there, but what to say isn't easy or obvious. I decided to write a blog post on writing a condolence letter. This is a list of suggestions. I know each loss is specific and personal in tiny ways and big ways, and that it is impossible to capture the specificity of loss in a template condolence letter. ", "I am saddened to hear of your loss. My thoughts and prayers are with you. Extending heartfelt condolences at this time as we remember someone who was a hard worker, someone who stood on principles and a mentor to her co-workers at _______. My deepest condolences on your _______'s passing. May his memories bring you comfort at this sad time.", "1 Sympathy Words and Sayings Examples-Say the right thing to express your sympathies correctly. 2 Letter Examples-Examples of what to write to someone that has recently lost someone. 3 Messages Examples-The etiquette of writing and saying sympathy messages to the bereaved. My thoughts and prayers are with you. Extending heartfelt condolences at this time as we remember someone who was a hard worker, someone who stood on principles and a mentor to her co-workers at _______. My deepest condolences on your _______'s passing. May his memories bring you comfort at this sad time.", "There are times when sending condolences by email is appropriate – if you are away and cannot contact them otherwise, or if you know the grieving person only casually and communicate mainly by email. Below, you will find examples of condolence emails to help you find the right words. My thoughts and prayers are with you. Extending heartfelt condolences at this time as we remember someone who was a hard worker, someone who stood on principles and a mentor to her co-workers at _______. My deepest condolences on your _______'s passing. May his memories bring you comfort at this sad time.", "Some words of comfort you can use to open your letter and express your sorrow are: 1 Our deepest condolences to you upon the passing of 2 _______. So sorry to hear of _______'s passing. 3 Please accept our heartfelt sympathies on the loss of your loved one. 4 Words can't express how saddened we are to hear of your loss. Definition: 1. Something you say or write to express sympathy when someone has died. 2. An expression of sympathy with someone who is grieving. Examples: 1. He carefully wrote his words of condolences in a card for his good friend. 2. Please accept my sincere condolences at the loss of your loved one", "Since you have already known the parts you may write in your letter, your writing of a condolence letter is now made easy. On the other hand, to get yourself acquainted with the terms and proper use of these terms you should include in your condolence letter, here are some sample condolences messages: Sample #1. • Loss. Click here for more words to use in a condolence message and condolence samples. Terms of Condolences within a Conversation. In case you can’t think of something very good to mention or if you are emotion uneasy, an effective “I feel remorseful for the loss” will work with almost all predicaments.", "------------------------------. I hope that my sample condolence thank you notes will help you with the task of writing notes when a loved one has passed away. If you don't feel up to the task, consider buying a pre-printed thank you card that only requires you to write one line and sign it. ", "I decided to write a blog post on writing a condolence letter. This is a list of suggestions. I know each loss is specific and personal in tiny ways and big ways, and that it is impossible to capture the specificity of loss in a template condolence letter. 4. I always end a condolence letter by telling the person that: My thoughts and prayers are with you and I wish you peace. 5.The last thing I do is write the address on an envelop, pick out a pretty stamp and mail th", "Condolence Letter Examples. Condolence letters are sent as a consolation to the family members of the deceased. Writing a good letter requires tact and proper etiquette. The tips and examples provided here will help you write one. Now, if you are writing your own letter, then you can use the following phrases. These can also be used if you are writing a condolence message in cases of less intimate relationships. ► Opening Lines. • I am very sorry to hear about your loss and wish to express my deepest sympathies to you and your family." ], "url": [ "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/kathleen-buckstaff/condolence-letter_b_4215557.html", "http://obituarieshelp.org/condolences_email.html", "http://obituarieshelp.org/condolences_email.html", "http://obituarieshelp.org/condolences_email.html", "http://obituarieshelp.org/words_of_condolences_hub.html", "http://condolences.blog.com/", "http://www.thank-you-note-examples-wording-ideas.com/condolence-thank-you.html", "http://kathleenbuckstaff.com/how-to-write-a-condolence-letter-5-suggestions/", "http://www.buzzle.com/articles/condolence-letter-examples.html" ] }

[ "I am saddened to hear of your loss. My thoughts and prayers are with you. Extending heartfelt condolences at this time as we remember someone who was a hard worker, someone who stood on principles and a mentor to her co-workers at _______. My deepest condolences on your _______'s passing. May his memories bring you comfort at this sad time." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Landlocked salmon may be repeat spawners, but most fish observed on spawning runs are spawning for the first time. Salmon may spawn in consecutive or alternate years, some may spawn in consecutive years then skip a year, and some may skip 2 or 3 years between spawnings. In wild salmon populations, most males spawn first at ages 3 and 4, although a few spawn at ages 1 and 2. Females usually spawn first at ages 4 and 5. Spawning runs of wild salmon may be composed of fish ranging in age from 1 to 10, but 3, 4, and 5-year old individuals make up the bulk of most runs.", "The lifespan for Atlantic Silversides is short--two years at best. Most die after they spawn at about one year old. Atlantic Silversides can be found all along the Atlantic Coast of North America from the Gulf of the Saint Lawrence River to the northeast part of Florida. Still other species, like the mummichog, prey on Atlantic Silverside eggs and larvae. Commercially, the Silverside is of minor value, mainly used as bait or to spot larger sport fish. When pursued by bigger fish the Silverside tries to escape by making little leaps out of the water.", "Silversides are popular for catching flounder (fluke) and other saltwater fish. These brightly striped minnows are available frozen at saltwater tackle shops. In some areas silversides can be caught fresh, although harvesting silversides for bait can be very time consuming. ", "1 Atlantic Silverside (Menidia menidia) The Atlantic Silverside, also called a spearing, shiner or minnow, is one of the New York/New Jersey Harbor Estuary’s most common fish. It is an important source of food for the Estuary’s bigger game fish including Bluefish, Atlantic mackerel and Striped Bass. Still other species, like the mummichog, prey on Atlantic Silverside eggs and larvae. Commercially, the Silverside is of minor value, mainly used as bait or to spot larger sport fish. When pursued by bigger fish the Silverside tries to escape by making little leaps out of the water.", "Salmon /ˈsaemən/ ˈsæmən is the common name for several species of fish in the Family. Salmonidae other fish in the same family include, trout, char grayling and. Whitefish salmon are native to tributaries of The North (atlantic Genus) salmo And Pacific (ocean Genus). oncorhynchus ", "Atlantic silverside. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The Atlantic silverside (Menidia menidia) also known as spearing in the north east of the United States, is a small species of fish from the West Atlantic, ranging from the Gulf of St. Lawrence in Canada to northeastern Florida in USA. It is one of the most common fish in the Chesapeake Bay and in the Barnegat Bay. The Atlantic silverside’s predators are larger predatory fish – striped bass, blue fish, Atlantic mackerel – and many shore birds, including egrets, terns, cormorants, and gulls. The abiotic factors the Atlantic silverside needs to survive varies for populations of fish based on their geographical location.", "(1981) described spawning behavior of Atlantic silver-sides in South Carolina. One-half to 1 hour prior to a spawn, a single large school or several smaller schools of adults appeared 10 to 30 m (33 to 98 ft) offshore, adjacent to the eventual spawning site. In the Mystic River Estuary, Connecticut, Atlantic silver-side larvae were found primarily in upper estuarine zones and marshes, where the salinity profile ranged from 2 ppt at the surface to 14 ppt at 2 m (6 ft) depth.", "Life History and Behavior. Atlantic silversides congregate in large schools that usually consist of similar-sized fish. They are found along the shore, often within a few feet of the shoreline. They are commonly found in brackish waters where streams and rivers meet the sea. They swim among submerged grasses." ], "url": [ "http://maine.gov/ifw/fishing/species/identification/landlockedsalmon.htm", "http://njseagrant.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/atlantic-silverside.pdf", "http://www.daybreakfishing.com/bait/silversides.html", "http://njseagrant.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/atlantic-silverside.pdf", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmon", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_silverside", "http://www.nwrc.usgs.gov/wdb/pub/species_profiles/82_11-010.pdf", "http://www.edc.uri.edu/restoration/html/gallery/fish/silver.htm" ] }

[ "Atlantic silverside. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The Atlantic silverside (Menidia menidia) also known as spearing in the north east of the United States, is a small species of fish from the West Atlantic, ranging from the Gulf of St. Lawrence in Canada to northeastern Florida in USA. It is one of the most common fish in the Chesapeake Bay and in the Barnegat Bay. The Atlantic silverside’s predators are larger predatory fish – striped bass, blue fish, Atlantic mackerel – and many shore birds, including egrets, terns, cormorants, and gulls. The abiotic factors the Atlantic silverside needs to survive varies for populations of fish based on their geographical location." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Cook the steaks in the oven for 40 to 45 minutes. 2 The steak will still look fairly uncooked when you remove it from the oven. 3 A thermometer inserted into the thickest part of the steak will reveal a cooking temperature five to ten degrees lower than the desired doneness. Now that you are no longer asking how long does it take to cook steak in the oven, you might want to give this oven-roasted steak recipe a try. It works best for very thick, tender cuts of steaks like baseball cut rib-eyes or thick-cut tenderloins. Choose a steak with a minimum one-inch thickness. 1 Preheat the oven to 275 degrees. 2 Season the steaks with sea salt and fresh-cracked black pepper. 3 Place steak on a rack placed over a rimmed baking sheet and put in the preheated oven. 4 Cook the steaks in the oven for 40 to 45 minute", "1 Return the steak flat in the pan. 2 Transfer the skillet to the oven and cook until an instant-read thermometer reads to desired doneness (oven cooking time will be anywhere from 5-15 minutes depending on the desired doneness of your steak --- for medium-rare 140-145 degrees and for medium 155-160 degrees. 1", "If you don't have access to a grill though: Heat olive oil in a pan until nearly smoking. Sear the steak on both sides until very brown. Transfer to an oven proof pan, add your mushrooms, place a pat of butter on top of the meat and bake at 425 for about 10 minutes to finish. This would be for a steak at least an inch thick. If it's less than that, then searing in the pan is really all you'll need to do. Cook it in a skillet on top of the stove on high so it will sear the juices in. Brown on each side then take out and let it rest. Then put your mushrooms in the skillet with the drippings and about a 1/2 to 1 cup of water and turn on medium heat and cook until done. Great to pour over mash potatoes or rice.", "To roast a steak: 1 Preheat the oven to 300 degrees. 2 Season the steak. 3 Sear steak in a hot skillet for just a minute on each side. 4 Transfer steak to a wire rack on a rimmed baking sheet and place in the preheated oven. 5 Roast for 20 to 25 minutes, until desired doneness is achieved. Now that you are no longer asking how long does it take to cook steak in the oven, you might want to give this oven-roasted steak recipe a try. It works best for very thick, tender cuts of steaks like baseball cut rib-eyes or thick-cut tenderloins. Choose a steak with a minimum one-inch thickness. 1 Preheat the oven to 275 degrees. 2 Season the steaks with sea salt and fresh-cracked black pepper. 3 Place steak on a rack placed over a rimmed baking sheet and put in the preheated oven. 4 Cook the steaks in the oven for 40 to 45 minutes", "Place a 10-to-12-inch cast-iron skillet in the oven and heat the oven to 500 degrees F. Bring the steak to room temperature. When the oven reaches temperature, remove the skillet and place on the range over high heat for 5 minutes. Coat the steak lightly with oil and sprinkle both sides with a generous pinch of salt. ", "1 Place a tablespoon of unsalted butter on each of the steaks and place the skillet directly in the oven. 2 Turn the heat down to 125 degrees Fahrenheit (51.6 degrees Celsius). 3 Cook the steaks in the oven for eight to 12 minutes. 4 Cut into one of the steaks to see if it's cooked to your taste. With a few simple ingredients and 20 minutes, you can pull a succulent steak from the oven. Read the steps listed below and learn about how to cook steak in the oven. Ingredients: 1 Four 2-inch (5-centimeter) thick filet mignons. 2 2 tablespoons vegetable oil. 3 2 tablespoons salt. 4 2 tablespoons coarsely ground black pepper.", "1 Season the steak. 2 Sear steak in a hot skillet for just a minute on each side. 3 Transfer steak to a wire rack on a rimmed baking sheet and place in the preheated oven. 4 Roast for 20 to 25 minutes, until desired doneness is achieved. Now that you are no longer asking how long does it take to cook steak in the oven, you might want to give this oven-roasted steak recipe a try. It works best for very thick, tender cuts of steaks like baseball cut rib-eyes or thick-cut tenderloins. Choose a steak with a minimum one-inch thickness. 1 Preheat the oven to 275 degrees. 2 Season the steaks with sea salt and fresh-cracked black pepper. 3 Place steak on a rack placed over a rimmed baking sheet and put in the preheated oven. 4 Cook the steaks in the oven for 40 to 45 minutes", "Broil the steak 4 to 6 minutes per side: Remove the steak from the marinade, shake off any excess, and place it in the middle of the broiler pan. Slide it directly under the broil. Cook for 4 to 6 minutes, flip it over, and broil for another 4 to 6 minutes (8 to 12 minutes total). Rub the marinade into the steak and flip the steak once or twice in the dish to coat. Marinate for 1 hour or up to 24 hours: Cover the dish and place the steak in the fridge for at least 1 hour or up to 24 hours. Flip the steak occasionally if you happen to think about it.", "1 Cook the steaks in the oven for eight to 12 minutes. 2 Cut into one of the steaks to see if it's cooked to your taste. 3 Remove the steaks from the oven and allow them to rest for 10 to 15 minutes to allow the juices to redistribute throughout the steak [source: Garten ]. With a few simple ingredients and 20 minutes, you can pull a succulent steak from the oven. Read the steps listed below and learn about how to cook steak in the oven. Ingredients: 1 Four 2-inch (5-centimeter) thick filet mignons. 2 2 tablespoons vegetable oil. 3 2 tablespoons salt. 4 2 tablespoons coarsely ground black pepper." ], "url": [ "http://cooking.lovetoknow.com/how-long-does-it-take-cook-steak-oven", "http://www.food.com/recipe/kittencals-pan-seared-steak-stove-top-to-oven-method-354979", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080821123147AAy7Ii8", "http://cooking.lovetoknow.com/how-long-does-it-take-cook-steak-oven", "http://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/alton-brown/pan-seared-rib-eye-recipe.html", "http://recipes.howstuffworks.com/tools-and-techniques/how-to-cook-steak-in-oven.htm", "http://cooking.lovetoknow.com/how-long-does-it-take-cook-steak-oven", "http://www.thekitchn.com/how-to-cook-flank-steak-in-the-oven-cooking-lessons-from-the-kitchn-219428", "http://recipes.howstuffworks.com/tools-and-techniques/how-to-cook-steak-in-oven.htm" ] }

[ "1 Cook the steaks in the oven for 40 to 45 minutes. 2 The steak will still look fairly uncooked when you remove it from the oven. 3 A thermometer inserted into the thickest part of the steak will reveal a cooking temperature five to ten degrees lower than the desired doneness. Now that you are no longer asking how long does it take to cook steak in the oven, you might want to give this oven-roasted steak recipe a try. It works best for very thick, tender cuts of steaks like baseball cut rib-eyes or thick-cut tenderloins. Choose a steak with a minimum one-inch thickness. 1 Preheat the oven to 275 degrees. 2 Season the steaks with sea salt and fresh-cracked black pepper. 3 Place steak on a rack placed over a rimmed baking sheet and put in the preheated oven. 4 Cook the steaks in the oven for 40 to 45 minute" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Store fresh mushrooms the right way, and they'll last up to a week. Here's how: Place whole, unwashed mushrooms in a brown paper bag, and fold the top of the bag over. Then, stick the bag in the main compartment of your refrigerator.", "Nine to 10 Days From Packaging Date. According to Mountain View Mushrooms, fresh mushrooms can be stored at 34 to 40 degrees F for up to 10 days from the date of packaging. If purchasing store-bought mushrooms, the packaging date will be printed on the storage container or plastic wrap. Artem Kononenko/Demand Media.", "Did you know that the length of time mushrooms should be kept for varies with the type? Whites and criminis should be used within 3-4 days, portabellas 5 days, shiitake and enoki 6 days, and oyster 5 days. These timelines are accurate only if kept in the proper conditions; in a brown paper bag in the fridge.", "There is no clear consensus. The conservative answer is that mushrooms should be eaten within two days of purchase. However, some experts maintain mushrooms will keep for up to a week after purchase, particularly if stored in cool, dry, and dark places. Pre-slicing mushrooms can shorten their shelf life. Once sliced, mushrooms quickly oxidate.", "According to Mountain View Mushrooms, fresh mushrooms can be stored at 34 to 40 degrees F for up to 10 days from the date of packaging. If purchasing store-bought mushrooms, the packaging date will be printed on the storage container or plastic wrap. Artem Kononenko/Demand Media.", "To keep mushrooms fresh in the refrigerator the mushrooms should be immediately removed from their packaging and separated from each other with a paper towel." ], "url": [ "http://frugalliving.about.com/od/storingfoods/qt/How-To-Store-Mushrooms.htm", "http://www.ehow.com/decision_6863370_long-keep-fresh-mushrooms-refrigerator_.html", "http://startcooking.com/mushrooms-washing-and-storing", "http://shelflifeadvice.com/content/how-long-after-purchase-will-raw-mushrooms-remain-good-eat", "http://www.ehow.com/decision_6863370_long-keep-fresh-mushrooms-refrigerator_.html", "http://www.professorshouse.com/food-beverage/topics/vegetables/articles/keeping-mushroom-fresh/" ] }

[ "According to Mountain View Mushrooms, fresh mushrooms can be stored at 34 to 40 degrees F for up to 10 days from the date of packaging. If purchasing store-bought mushrooms, the packaging date will be printed on the storage container or plastic wrap. Artem Kononenko/Demand Media." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Fiber Optics. Optical Fibers, or Fiber Optics, are often used in data transmission or light guide applications. Optical Fibers used in light guide applications transmit safe, no-heat light, which is ideal for medical, inspection, automotive, or display applications. A single Optical Fiber utilizes total internal reflection to transmit light, allowing bends along its path. ", "Light is kept in the core of the optical fiber by total internal reflection. This causes the fiber to act as a waveguide. Fibers which support many propagation paths or transverse modes are called multi-mode fibers (MMF), while those which can only support a single mode are called single-mode fibers (SMF). ", "Fiber-optic communication is a method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending pulses of light through an optical fiber. The light forms an electromagnetic carrier wave that is modulated to carry information. First developed in the 1970s, fiber-optic communication systems have revolutionized the telecommunications industry and have played a major role in the advent of the Information Age. Optical fiber is used by many telecommunications companies to transmit telephone signals, Internet communication, and cable television signals. Researchers at Bell Labs have reached internet speeds of over 100 petabit ×kilometer per second using fiber-optic communication.", "Optical fibres can carry information coded in light or infrared signals. Optical fibres can carry more information than an ordinary cable of the same diameter. Analogue signals vary continuously in amplitude [amplitude: The maximum height of a wave, measured from the mid-point of its vibration. Optical fibres can carry more information than an ordinary cable of the same thickness. The signals in optical fibres do not weaken as much over long distances as the signals in ordinary cables. Optical fibre. Page: 1 1. 2 2. 3 3. 4 Next.", "An optical fiber is a thin fiber of glass or plastic that can carry light from one end to the other. The study of optical fibers is called fiber optics, which is part of applied science and engineering. Optical fibers are mainly used in telecommunications, but they are also used for lighting, sensors, toys, and special cameras for seeing inside small spaces.", "LiveAction. Optical fiber (or fiber optic) refers to the medium and the technology associated with the transmission of information as light pulses along a glass or plastic strand or fiber. Optical fiber carries much more information than conventional copper wire and is in general not subject to electromagnetic interference and the need to retransmit signals. Most telephone company long-distance lines are now made of optical fiber.", "Optical fibers are used most often as a means to transmit light between the two ends of the fiber and find wide usage in fiber-optic communications, where they permit transmission over longer distances and at higher bandwidths (data rates) than wire cables. An optical fiber doped with certain rare earth elements such as erbium can be used as the gain medium of a laser or optical amplifier. Rare-earth-doped optical fibers can be used to provide signal amplification by splicing a short section of doped fiber into a regular (undoped) optical fiber line.", "Optical fibers typically include a transparent core surrounded by a transparent cladding material with a lower index of refraction. Light is kept in the core by the phenomenon of total internal reflection which causes the fiber to act as a waveguide. An optical fiber doped with certain rare earth elements such as erbium can be used as the gain medium of a laser or optical amplifier. Rare-earth-doped optical fibers can be used to provide signal amplification by splicing a short section of doped fiber into a regular (undoped) optical fiber line.", "An optical fiber (or optical fibre) is a flexible, transparent fiber made by drawing glass (silica) or plastic to a diameter slightly thicker than that of a human hair. An optical fiber doped with certain rare earth elements such as erbium can be used as the gain medium of a laser or optical amplifier. Rare-earth-doped optical fibers can be used to provide signal amplification by splicing a short section of doped fiber into a regular (undoped) optical fiber line.", "Optical fiber is also used in imaging optics. A coherent bundle of fibers is used, sometimes along with lenses, for a long, thin imaging device called an endoscope, which is used to view objects through a small hole. Medical endoscopes are used for minimally invasive exploratory or surgical procedures. An optical fiber doped with certain rare earth elements such as erbium can be used as the gain medium of a laser or optical amplifier. Rare-earth-doped optical fibers can be used to provide signal amplification by splicing a short section of doped fiber into a regular (undoped) optical fiber line." ], "url": [ "http://www.edmundoptics.com/optics/fiber-optics/#!", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aqazAcE19vw", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber-optic_communication", "http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/aqa_pre_2011/radiation/sendingrev1.shtml", "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber", "http://searchtelecom.techtarget.com/definition/optical-fiber", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber" ] }

[ "An optical fiber (or optical fibre) is a flexible, transparent fiber made by drawing glass (silica) or plastic to a diameter slightly thicker than that of a human hair. An optical fiber doped with certain rare earth elements such as erbium can be used as the gain medium of a laser or optical amplifier. Rare-earth-doped optical fibers can be used to provide signal amplification by splicing a short section of doped fiber into a regular (undoped) optical fiber line." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Q: If taking anti-HIV drugs has made your viral load undetectable (meaning that the virus isn't showing up on blood tests), can you still pass the virus to another person through sex?", "It’s important to remember that the amount of HIV in these bodily fluids differs. Research shows that HIV can sometimes be detected in semen even when viral load is undetectable in blood. Even if the viral load in your semen is at low levels, there may be chance that HIV can be transmitted to your partner.", "Viral load refers to the amount of HIV in the blood. An undetectable viral load is when the amount of HIV in the blood is so low that it can’t be measured. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces viral load, ideally to an undetectable level, when taken consistently and correctly.", "Keep in mind that a viral load test measures the amount of HIV virus in your blood. But sexual partners are usually infected by virus in sexual fluids, such as semen or vaginal or anal secretions. Unfortunately, the viral load in these fluids can be high even when the viral load in blood is low. And factors like STDs (sexually transmitted infections) can increase the risk of HIV transmission.", "HIV viral load is the number of copies of HIV in the bodily fluids of someone living with HIV. It is measured as the number of copies of the virus in one millilitre of fluid (copies/ml). Viral load is measured in the blood to monitor the progression of HIV infection and the success of HIV treatment.", "Viral load refers to the amount of HIV in the blood. An undetectable viral load is when the amount of HIV in the blood is so low that it can’t be measured. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces viral load, ideally to an undetectable level, when taken consistently and correctly.", "A person with HIV can still potentially transmit HIV to a partner even if they have an undetectable viral load, because. 1 HIV may still be found in genital fluids (e.g., semen, vaginal fluids). 2 The viral load test only measures virus in blood.", "1 Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) increase viral load in genital fluids. 2 This means that an HIV-positive person with an STD may be able to transmit HIV to sexual partners even if the blood viral load is undetectable." ], "url": [ "http://www.hiv.va.gov/patient/faqs/transmission-of-undetectable-virus.asp", "http://betablog.org/undetectable-burning-questions-answered/", "http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/transmission.html", "http://www.hiv.va.gov/patient/faqs/transmission-of-undetectable-virus.asp", "http://www.catie.ca/en/fact-sheets/transmission/hiv-viral-load-hiv-treatment-and-sexual-hiv-transmission", "http://www.cdc.gov/actagainstaids/campaigns/starttalking/prevention.html", "http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/transmission.html", "http://www.cdc.gov/actagainstaids/campaigns/starttalking/prevention.html" ] }

[ "Viral load refers to the amount of HIV in the blood. An undetectable viral load is when the amount of HIV in the blood is so low that it can’t be measured. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces viral load, ideally to an undetectable level, when taken consistently and correctly." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "The Adriatic Sea is a part of the Mediterranean Sea. It is positioned between the eastern coastline of Italy and the coastline of countries of the Balkan Peninsula (Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Albania). The Adriatic coastline is by far Croatia’s most popular tourist region with around 11 million tourists each year.", "The Adriatic Sea or known as the Sea of Adrias in New Testament times was located between Italy on the West and Dalmatia, Macedonia and Achaia on the East, and on the South it extended into the central part of the Mediterranean Sea between the islands of Crete and Malta. Adriatic Sea in Smith's Bible Dictionary. Adria More properly A'drias the Adriatic Sea. Ac 27:27 The word seems to have been derived from the town of Adria, near the Po. In Paul's time it included the whole sea between Greece and Italy, reaching south from Crete to Sicily.", "Adriatic Sea (ādrēăˈtĭk) [ key ], arm of the Mediterranean Sea, between Italy and the Balkan Peninsula. Trieste, at the northern end of the sea, was once the chief Adriatic port. Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, and Albania border the irregular eastern shore; Rijeka and Split, Croatia, are the main ports.", "Adriatic Sea (ādrēă´tĬk) , arm of the Mediterranean Sea, between Italy and the Balkan Peninsula. It extends c.500 mi (800 km) from the Gulf of Venice, at its head, SE to the Strait of Otranto, which leads to the Ionian Sea. Adriatic Sea Shallow arm of the Mediterranean Sea, separated from the Ionian Sea by the Strait of Otranto, between Albania and the “heel” of Italy. Lobsters and sardines are the chief catches of local fisheries. Length: c. 800km (500mi). Max.", "Adriatic Sea. The Adriatic Sea is a part of the Mediterranean Sea positioned between the eastern coastline of Italy, and countries of the Balkan Peninsula, from Slovenia, south through Croatia. Montenegro, and on to Albania. The southern boundary of the sea ends in the Strait of Otranto between Albania and Italy's Salento Peninsul", "Adriatic Sea. Adriatic Sea (ādrēăˈtĭk) [ key ], arm of the Mediterranean Sea, between Italy and the Balkan Peninsula. It extends c.500 mi (800 km) from the Gulf of Venice, at its head, SE to the Strait of Otranto, which leads to the Ionian Sea. Trieste, at the northern end of the sea, was once the chief Adriatic port. Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, and Albania border the irregular eastern shore; Rijeka and Split, Croatia, are the main ports.", "Map of the Adriatic Sea showing border nations. The Adriatic Sea is part of the Mediterranean Sea separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan peninsula, and the system of the Apennine Mountains from the Dinaric Alps and adjacent ranges. It extends from the Gulf of Venice south to the Strait of Otranto, linking it to the Ionian Sea. The Adriatic Sea has served as a source of transportation, recreation, and sustenance throughout history. From the end of the twentieth century the Adriatic, long renowned for its pristine condition, began to show perilous signs of invasive species introduced by human influence.", "The Adriatic Sea /ˌeɪdriˈaetɨk/ ˌeɪdriˈætɨk is a body of water separating The Italian peninsula from The balkan peninsula and The Apennine mountains from The Dinaric alps and adjacent. ranges The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea, extending from the Strait of Otranto (where it connects to the Ionian Sea) to the northwest and the Po Valley. The countries with coasts on the Adriatic are Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Slovenia.", "The Adriatic Sea is a semi-enclosed sea, bordered in the southwest by the Apennine or Italian Peninsula, in the northwest by the Italian regions of Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia, and in the northeast by Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Albania —the Balkan peninsula. The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea, extending from the Strait of Otranto (where it connects to the Ionian Sea) to the northwest and the Po Valley. The countries with coasts on the Adriatic are Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Sloveni" ], "url": [ "http://www.studyincroatia.hr/about-croatia/geography/adriatic-sea", "http://www.bible-history.com/geography/maps/map_adriatic_sea.html", "http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/world/adriatic-sea.html", "http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Adriatic_Sea.aspx", "http://www.worldatlas.com/aatlas/infopage/adriaticsea.htm", "http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/world/adriatic-sea.html", "http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Adriatic_Sea", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adriatic_Sea", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" ] }

[ "The Adriatic Sea /ˌeɪdriˈaetɨk/ ˌeɪdriˈætɨk is a body of water separating The Italian peninsula from The balkan peninsula and The Apennine mountains from The Dinaric alps and adjacent. ranges The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea, extending from the Strait of Otranto (where it connects to the Ionian Sea) to the northwest and the Po Valley. The countries with coasts on the Adriatic are Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Slovenia.", "The Adriatic Sea is a semi-enclosed sea, bordered in the southwest by the Apennine or Italian Peninsula, in the northwest by the Italian regions of Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia, and in the northeast by Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Albania —the Balkan peninsula. The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea, extending from the Strait of Otranto (where it connects to the Ionian Sea) to the northwest and the Po Valley. The countries with coasts on the Adriatic are Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Sloveni" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A homie is like a good friend, buddy, person. This term is mostly used by African-Americans. However, anyone can use this term...if you use it right. not being mean but i use the word homie a lot and I'm not African-American. A homie is also a homeless person.", "LINK / CITE ADD TO WORD LIST. noun. The definition of homie is short for homeboy, which is a slang term for a male friend from your hometown. An example of homie is what a young boy might call his most trusted friend.", "The term homie was started by Mexican-Americans, most commonly in East Los Angeles, though, of course, the credit givin for the term goes out mostly to African-Americans.", "Homie. Homie is an English language slang term found in American urban culture, whose origins etymologists generally trace to African American Vernacular English from the late 19th century, with the word homeboy meaning a male friend from back home.", "The definition of homie is short for homeboy, which is a slang term for a male friend from your hometown. An example of homie is what a young boy might call his most trusted friend.", "Homie (from homeboy ) is an English language slang term found in American urban culture, whose origins etymologists generally trace to Mexican American Spanglish from the late 19th century, with the word homeboy meaning a male friend from back home." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_a_homie", "http://www.yourdictionary.com/homie", "http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=homie&page=2", "http://www.definitions.net/definition/homie", "http://www.yourdictionary.com/homie", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homie" ] }

[ "The definition of homie is short for homeboy, which is a slang term for a male friend from your hometown. An example of homie is what a young boy might call his most trusted friend." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Corn is believed to have been introduced across what is now the United States-Mexico border a few thousand years ago. The original corn plant known as teosinte is still grown in Mexico and its size (ears of corn) has substantially increased due to efforts of American Indians and scientific research. Corn production (also maize production) plays a major role in the economy of the United States. The country is one of the worldwide corn leaders with 96,000,000 acres (39,000,000 ha) of land reserved for corn production. Corn growth is dominated by west/north central Iowa and east central Illinois", "Corn Geography. 1 Iowa, Illinois, Nebraska and Minnesota account for over 50 percent of the corn grown in the U.S. 2 Other major corn growing states are Indiana, Ohio, Wisconsin, South Dakota, Michigan, Missouri, Kansas and Kentucky. ", "12 states in the USA grow corn A different answer: Corn is grown somewhere in every state throughout the USA, including Hawaii, Alaska, Arizona, and Florida. Corn is not a m … ajor crop in every state, but it can be found in roadside markets and home gardens throughout the nation. The Corn Belt region in the United States is where the majority of the nation's corn is produced. It roughly covers western Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, eastern Nebras … ka, and eastern Kansas, in which corn (maize) and soybeans are the dominant crops.", "CORN. Most of the corn grown in the United States is produced in the Corn Belt, which includes Iowa, Illinois, Minnesota, Indiana, Nebraska, Ohio, Missouri and South Dakota. Within the USA, Michigan sits at the NE extremities of the corn belt. The map below shows where the corn belt lies", "Corn is grown in most U.S. States, but production is concentrated in the Heartland region (including Illinois, Iowa, Indiana, eastern portions of South Dakota and Nebraska, western Kentucky and Ohio, and the northern two-thirds of Missouri). 1 The United States is a major player in the world corn trade market, with between 10 and 20 percent of the corn crop exported to other countries.", "As of 2008, the top four corn-producing states were Iowa, Illinois, Nebraska and Minnesota, together accounting for more than half of the corn grown in the United States. The Corn Belt also sometimes is defined to include parts of South Dakota, North Dakota, Indiana, Ohio, Wisconsin, Michigan, and Kentucky. By 1950, 99% of the corn was grown from hybrids. Most corn is fed to livestock, especially hogs and poultry. In recent decades soybeans have grown in importance. The U.S. produces 40% of the world crop.", "Corn is grown primarily in the states of Indiana, Kansas, Iowa, Illinois, Nebraska and Minnesota. You will also find corn growing in South Dakota, Michigan, Kentucky and Wisconsin. There is also a lot of corn grown in Missouri. The Corn Belt region in the United States is where the majority of the nation's corn is produced. It roughly covers western Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, eastern Nebras … ka, and eastern Kansas, in which corn (maize) and soybeans are the dominant crops.", "The Corn Belt is a region of the Midwestern United States where corn (maize) has, since the 1850s, been the predominant crop, replacing the native tall grasses. By 1950, 99% of the corn was grown from hybrids. Most corn is fed to livestock, especially hogs and poultry. In recent decades soybeans have grown in importance. The U.S. produces 40% of the world crop." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corn_production_in_the_United_States", "http://www.campsilos.org/mod3/students/index.shtml", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Which_states_in_the_US_grow_corn", "http://geo.msu.edu/geogmich/corn.html", "http://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/crops/corn/background.aspx", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corn_Belt", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Which_states_in_the_US_grow_corn", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corn_Belt" ] }

[ "CORN. Most of the corn grown in the United States is produced in the Corn Belt, which includes Iowa, Illinois, Minnesota, Indiana, Nebraska, Ohio, Missouri and South Dakota. Within the USA, Michigan sits at the NE extremities of the corn belt. The map below shows where the corn belt lies" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Taylor Lautner is not a what, he is a who. He is an actor who is most well known for his role as Jacob Black in the Twilight Series movies. He also played Sharkboy in Sharkboy … and Lavagirl, and Elliot Murtaugh in Cheaper by the Dozen 2. 28 people found this useful. ", "Taylor Daniel Lautner was born on February 11, 1992, in Grand Rapids, Michigan. He has one sibling: a sister named Makena. Lautner is best known as an actor in the role of Jacob Black in Stephenie Meyer's Twilight movie series. Synopsis. Taylor Lautner was born on February 11, 1992, in Grand Rapids, Michigan. He studied karate from a young age and won several championships. Lautner made his film debut in Robert Rodriguez's The Adventures of Sharkboy and Lavagirl.", "Lautner was born on February 11, 1992, in Grand Rapids, Michigan, to Deborah and Daniel Lautner. His mother works for a software development company, while his father is a Midwest Airlines pilot. He has one younger sister named Makena. Raised as a Roman Catholic, Lautner has Austrian, English, German, Swiss-German, French, Irish, and Dutch heritage, and has stated that he has distant Native American ancestry (specifically Ottawa and Potawatomi), through his mother. Taylor grew up in Hudsonville, Michigan, a town near Grand Rapids.", "Early life Edit. Taylor Daniel Lautner was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan to parents, Deborah, and Dan Lautner on February 11, 1992. When asked about playing Native American character Jacob Black in the 2008 film, Twilight, he revealed that he has some Native ancestry, specifically Ottawa and Potawatomi. Taylor Daniel Lautner (born February 11, 1992) appears in all movies of the series as Jacob Black, the best friend of Twilight 's protagonist, Bella Swan. Jacob is a human boy who turns into a werewolf in the film New Moon, where he becomes one of the main characters of the series", "Mini Bio (1). Taylor Daniel Lautner was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan to parents, Deborah, a software company worker, and Daniel Lautner, a pilot for Midwest Airlines. He, and younger sister Makena, were raised in a well-mannered, Roman Catholic household in Hudsonville, Michigan. Taylor's ancestry includes Austrian, English, German, Swiss-German, French, Irish, and Dutch. Taylor's patrilineal ancestry can be traced back to his great-great-great-grandfather, Edward M. Lautner, who was born in Austria, c. 1848, to Wenzel Lautner and Helen Quiezer.", "Taylor Lautner is an American actor, model, and martial artist. He starred in the 2008 film Twilight and its four sequels/follow-up films. Taylor’s documented ancestry includes Austrian, English, German, Swiss-German, French, and Dutch. A picture of Taylor with his parents and sister can be seen here. It is not clear if this Native ancestry has been publicly verified/confirmed. Taylor’s paternal grandfather was Loren Joseph Lautner (the son of LaVern Francis Lautner and Maxine W. Draper). Loren has Austrian, English, German, and Swiss-German ancestry." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_nationality_is_Taylor_Lautner", "http://www.biography.com/people/taylor-lautner-504528", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_Lautner", "http://twilightsaga.wikia.com/wiki/Taylor_Lautner", "http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1210124/bio", "http://ethnicelebs.com/taylor-lautner" ] }

[ "Lautner was born on February 11, 1992, in Grand Rapids, Michigan, to Deborah and Daniel Lautner. His mother works for a software development company, while his father is a Midwest Airlines pilot. He has one younger sister named Makena. Raised as a Roman Catholic, Lautner has Austrian, English, German, Swiss-German, French, Irish, and Dutch heritage, and has stated that he has distant Native American ancestry (specifically Ottawa and Potawatomi), through his mother. Taylor grew up in Hudsonville, Michigan, a town near Grand Rapids." ]