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{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "As part of the large intestine, the cecum creates a space for liquids to empty into from the small intestine. During digestion, the small intestine absorbs nutrients from solid foods, and passes the solid waste products and liquid into the large intestine for absorption into the body. It is the first part of the large intestine that digesting food enters after leaving the small intestine, and is shaped like a sac. Separating the cecum from the small intestine is the ileocecal valve, also called Bauhin's valve, and the appendix protrudes from the lower part of the cecum.", "Liver. The liver has multiple functions, but its main function within the digestive system is to process the nutrients absorbed from the small intestine. Bile from the liver secreted into the small intestine also plays an important role in digesting fat. In addition, the liver is the body's chemical factory.. ", "Structure of the large intestine. The large intestine is made up of the colon and the rectum. The colon is a tubular structure that is around 1.5 m, about one quarter of the length of the small bowel. Its largest diameter is at the cecum (7.5 cm) and narrowest in the sigmoid (2.5 cm). The large intestine comprises of the second part of the alimentary canal. The large intestine consists of the cecum and colon. It begins at the right iliac region of the pelvis (the region just at or below the right waist) where is continues from the small intestine and continues up the abdomen.", "The cecum or caecum (/ˈsiːkəm/ , plural ceca /ˈsiːkə/ ; from the Latin caecus meaning blind) is an intraperitoneal pouch, that is considered to be the beginning of the large intestine. It receives chyme from the ileum, and connects to the ascending colon of the large intestine. It is separated from the ileum by the ileocecal valve (ICV) or Bauhin's valve. It is also separated from the colon by the cecocolic junction. The appendix is connected to the cecum.", "The liver has multiple functions, but its main function within the digestive system is to process the nutrients absorbed from the small intestine. Bile from the liver secreted into the small intestine also plays an important role in digesting fat. In addition, the liver is the body’s chemical factory.. The mouth is the beginning of the digestive tract; and, in fact, digestion starts here when taking the first bite of food. Chewing breaks the food into pieces that are more easily digested, while saliva mixes with food to begin the process of breaking it down into a form your body can absorb and use.", "The cecum is part of the digestive tract. It is the first part of the large intestine that digesting food enters after leaving the small intestine, and is shaped like a sac. Separating the cecum from the small intestine is the ileocecal valve, also called Bauhin's valve, and the appendix protrudes from the lower part of the cecum.", "Another important function of the cecum is to lubricate the solid waste that passes into the large intestine, mixing this waste with mucus. A thick mucus membrane lines the cecum, and produces the mucus necessary to lubricate the solid waste. It is the first part of the large intestine that digesting food enters after leaving the small intestine, and is shaped like a sac. Separating the cecum from the small intestine is the ileocecal valve, also called Bauhin's valve, and the appendix protrudes from the lower part of the cecum.", "Cecum-definition and function. Cecum-the first segment of the COLON (large intestine) into which the ILEUM, the final segment of the SMALL INTESTINE, empties digestive matter.", "The cecum is the cul-de-sac at the beginning of the large intestine that descends from the union of the ileum and the large intestine. It provides a space for the mixing of bacteria with partially digested food from the small intestine to form feces. Anatomy The cecum is a short, pouch-like region of the large intestine between the ascending colon and vermiform appendix. It is located in the lower right quadrant of the abdominal cavity inferior and lateral to the ileum.... Click to read more below.", "The cecum is a pouchlike structure located in the lower right abdomen that absorbs water from the waste, returning fluid to the body and consolidating the waste for its journey through the end stage of digestion. The rhythmic contractions of PERISTALSIS move the remaining solid waste into the remainder of the colon. Cecum-the first segment of the COLON (large intestine) into which the ILEUM, the final segment of the SMALL INTESTINE, empties digestive matter." ], "url": [ "http://www.ehow.com/list_6809336_functions-cecum_.html", "http://www.health-share.org/health-info/docs/1600/1699.asp?index=7041&src=FRM", "http://www.news-medical.net/health/What-Does-the-Large-Intestine-Do.aspx", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecum", "http://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases_conditions/hic_the_structure_and_function_of_the_digestive_system", "http://www.ehow.com/list_6809336_functions-cecum_.html", "http://www.ehow.com/list_6809336_functions-cecum_.html", "http://beltina.org/health-dictionary/cecum-definition-function.html", "http://www.innerbody.com/image_dige08/dige44.html", "http://beltina.org/health-dictionary/cecum-definition-function.html" ] }

[ "As part of the large intestine, the cecum creates a space for liquids to empty into from the small intestine. During digestion, the small intestine absorbs nutrients from solid foods, and passes the solid waste products and liquid into the large intestine for absorption into the body. It is the first part of the large intestine that digesting food enters after leaving the small intestine, and is shaped like a sac. Separating the cecum from the small intestine is the ileocecal valve, also called Bauhin's valve, and the appendix protrudes from the lower part of the cecum." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "How do ground source heat pumps work? Ground source heat pumps can be categorized as having closed or open loops, and those loops can be installed in three ways: horizontally, vertically, or in a pond/lake. The type chosen depends on the available land areas and the soil and rock type at the installation site.", "Ground source heat pumps (GSHPs) are electrically powered systems that tap the stored energy of the greatest solar collector in existence: the earth. These systems use the earth's relatively constant temperature to provide heating, cooling, and hot water for homes and commercial buildings. Ground source heat pumps can be categorized as having closed or open loops, and those loops can be installed in three ways: horizontally, vertically, or in a pond/lake. The type chosen depends on the available land areas and the soil and rock type at the installation site", "Ground source heat pumps explained How ground source heat pumps work. A ground source heat pump system harnesses natural heat from underground by pumping water through it. The heat pump then increases the temperature, and the heat is used to provide home heating or hot water. The pump needs electricity to run, but the idea is that it uses less electrical energy than the heat it produces. Ground source heat pump systems are made up of a ground loop (a network of water pipes buried underground) and a heat pump at ground level. You'll need sufficient space for installation of the system, generally with a garden that's accessible for digging machinery.", "Geothermal Heating. During the winter, ClimateMaster geothermal heating and cooling systems absorb heat stored in the ground through the water that circulates in its underground loop. This heat is carried to the ground source heat pumps where it’s concentrated and then sent as warm, comfortable air throughout your home. In contrast, a geothermal heat pump system consumes less energy as it easily absorbs ground heat from the abundant supply stored below your home, making geothermal heating significantly more energy efficient.", "During the summer, ClimateMaster geothermal heating and cooling systems absorb heat from your home and transfers it to the underground loop where it is then absorbed by the cooler earth. The geothermal heat pump uses the cool water returning from the ground to create cool, dehumidified air conditioning for your home. In contrast, a geothermal heat pump system consumes less energy as it easily absorbs ground heat from the abundant supply stored below your home, making geothermal heating significantly more energy efficient.", "The heat pump performs the same role as a boiler does in a central heating system, but it uses ambient heat from the ground rather than burning fuel to generate heat. Air source heat pumps are also available. These are usually placed outside at the side or back of a property, and take heat from the air. Ground source heat pump systems are made up of a ground loop (a network of water pipes buried underground) and a heat pump at ground level. You'll need sufficient space for installation of the system, generally with a garden that's accessible for digging machinery.", "Geothermal heat pumps (GHPs), sometimes referred to as GeoExchange, earth-coupled, ground-source, or water-source heat pumps, have been in use since the late 1940s. They use the constant temperature of the earth as the exchange medium instead of the outside air temperature. ", "A geothermal heat pump or ground source heat pump (GSHP) is a central heating and/or cooling system that transfers heat to or from the ground. It uses the earth as a heat source (in the winter) or a heat sink (in the summer). A ground source heat pump extracts ground heat in the winter (for heating) and transfers heat back into the ground in the summer (for cooling).", "A traditional air source heat pump must work hard to force the heat from your home into the already heat saturated air. In contrast, a geothermal heat pump consumes less energy as it easily rejects heat into the cool earth, making geothermal cooling significantly more energy efficient. In contrast, a geothermal heat pump system consumes less energy as it easily absorbs ground heat from the abundant supply stored below your home, making geothermal heat" ], "url": [ "http://www.igshpa.okstate.edu/geothermal/", "http://www.igshpa.okstate.edu/geothermal/", "http://www.which.co.uk/energy/creating-an-energy-saving-home/guides/ground-source-heat-pumps-explained/how-ground-source-heat-pumps-work/", "http://www.climatemaster.com/residential/how-geothermal-works/", "http://www.climatemaster.com/residential/how-geothermal-works/", "http://www.which.co.uk/energy/creating-an-energy-saving-home/guides/ground-source-heat-pumps-explained/how-ground-source-heat-pumps-work/", "http://energy.gov/energysaver/geothermal-heat-pumps", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_heat_pump", "http://www.climatemaster.com/residential/how-geothermal-works/" ] }

[ "Ground source heat pumps explained How ground source heat pumps work. A ground source heat pump system harnesses natural heat from underground by pumping water through it. The heat pump then increases the temperature, and the heat is used to provide home heating or hot water. The pump needs electricity to run, but the idea is that it uses less electrical energy than the heat it produces. Ground source heat pump systems are made up of a ground loop (a network of water pipes buried underground) and a heat pump at ground level. You'll need sufficient space for installation of the system, generally with a garden that's accessible for digging machinery." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The Earth is thought to have been formed about 4.6 billion years ago by collisions in the giant disc-shaped cloud of material that also formed the Sun. Gravity slowly gathered this gas and dust together into clumps that became asteroids and small early planets called planetesimals. ", "Some scientists describe three stages in the evolution of Earth’s atmosphere as it is today. Just formed Earth: Like Earth, the hydrogen (H 2) and helium (He) were very warm. These molecules of gas moved so fast they escaped Earth's gravity and eventually all drifted off into space. Note that this pie does not account for any water in the air. As you can see, air is mostly nitrogen (78%), with oxygen a distant runner up (21%). Argon and some other gases make up another small amount (about 1%). And carbon dioxide is only a very tiny slice (.0385% or only about 385 parts per million parts of air).", "One theory is that natural gas was formed millions of years ago when plants and tiny sea animals were buried by sand and rock. Layers of mud, sand, rock, plant, and animal matter continued to build up until the pressure and heat turned them into oil and natural gas. ", "Over time this gather of gases gains more mass and with it stronger gravity. This is a process that can take millions of years. In time the gravity causes the gases, mainly hydrogen to fuse in a nuclear reaction and a star is formed. The formation of the Earth occurred after this intial phase happened for our Sun. After the Sun was formed we know from observations and other indirect evidence that there were left over gases and heavier elements", "Evolution of the atmosphere. Scientists believe that the Earth was formed about 4.5 billion years ago. Its early atmosphere was probably formed from the gases given out by volcanoes. It is believed that there was intense volcanic activity for the first billion years of the Earth's existence. The early atmosphere was probably mostly carbon dioxide, with little or no oxygen. There were small quantities of water vapour, ammonia and methane. As the Earth cooled down, most of the water vapour condensed and formed the oceans", "Earth’s original atmosphere was probably just hydrogen and helium, because these were the main gases in the dusty, gassy disk around the Sun from which the planets formed. The Earth and its atmosphere were very hot. Molecules of hydrogen and helium move really fast, especially when warm. Note that this pie does not account for any water in the air. As you can see, air is mostly nitrogen (78%), with oxygen a distant runner up (21%). Argon and some other gases make up another small amount (about 1%). And carbon dioxide is only a very tiny slice (.0385% or only about 385 parts per million parts of air).", "There are two theories as to how planets in the solar system were created. The first and most widely accepted, core accretion, works well with the formation of the terrestrial planets like Earth but has problems with giant planets. The second, the disk instability method, may account for the creation of giant planets. In this way, asteroids, comets, planets, and moons were created. Earth's rocky core formed first, with heavy elements colliding and binding together. Dense material sank to the center, while the lighter pieces created the crust. The planet's magnetic field probably formed around this time.", "When you are done, take the Earth Quiz: The earth was formed in the same way as the sun, planets, stars. At first the earth was a hot glowing ball of white hot gases with a temperature that was millions of degrees Fahrenheit. This was caused by particles of gases being drawn together and compressed, giving off a lot of heat. At one time the earth was all water on its surface. Later pressure and heat in its center pushed up solid portions of the earth that became land forms. Sometimes the land would sink back down and other portions arise.", "Gradually cracks formed in the crust. Water that formed under the earth's crust escaped from the cracks in the earth and soon water vapor formed above the earth. This lead to cloud formation. Larger droplets formed in the clouds and as they were pulled to the earth by gravity came the first rainfalls. At one time the earth was all water on its surface. Later pressure and heat in its center pushed up solid portions of the earth that became land forms. Sometimes the land would sink back down and other portions arise." ], "url": [ "http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/earth/earth_timeline/earth_formed", "http://scijinks.jpl.nasa.gov/atmosphere-formation/", "http://www.ct.gov/pura/cwp/view.asp?a=3363&q=414224", "http://www.universetoday.com/58177/earth-formation/", "http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/edexcel_pre_2011/oneearth/damagetotheenvironmentrev1.shtml", "http://scijinks.jpl.nasa.gov/atmosphere-formation/", "http://www.space.com/19175-how-was-earth-formed.html", "http://www.mcwdn.org/MAPS&GLOBES/Earth.html", "http://www.mcwdn.org/MAPS&GLOBES/Earth.html" ] }

[ "Evolution of the atmosphere. Scientists believe that the Earth was formed about 4.5 billion years ago. Its early atmosphere was probably formed from the gases given out by volcanoes. It is believed that there was intense volcanic activity for the first billion years of the Earth's existence. The early atmosphere was probably mostly carbon dioxide, with little or no oxygen. There were small quantities of water vapour, ammonia and methane. As the Earth cooled down, most of the water vapour condensed and formed the oceans" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Leading the world in essentials for a better life. We place consumers at the center of everything we do. Billions worldwide choose our products to make a positive difference in their lives. 1 Kleenex: The world's first facial tissue. 2 Today, it's more than a $1 billion business. 3 Scott: Global sales of more than $2 billion annually. 4 Kotex: Trusted by millions of women in more than 100 countries and more than", "J.A. Kimberly, Charles Clark, Havilah Babcock, and Frank Shattuck established Kimberly-Clark on October 22, 1872. The first mill, Globe Mill, was built on the banks of Wisconsin’s Fox River as a production facility for newsprint on this date. Consolidation benefits Kimberly-Clark in the sense that global retailers want to unite with the company, so that they can provide them with superior products in the consumer industry. Everyone wants to sell No.1 and No. 2 brand products!", "Turkey. The Kimberly-Clark mill and plant in Huntsville, Ontario, is where we make products for two of our best-loved brands: Kleenex and Scott. The local area boasts the amenities of a much larger urban center, while maintaining the community spirit and serenity of a small town. Huntsville, Ontario. The Kimberly-Clark mill and plant in Huntsville, Ontario, is where we make products for two of our best-loved brands: Kleenex and Scott.", "Kimberly, Clark and Co. was founded in 1872 by John A. Kimberly, Havilah Babcock, Charles B. Clark, and Franklyn C. Shattuck in Neenah, Wisconsin, with US$ 42,000 of capital. The group's first business was operating paper mills, which the collective expanded throughout the following decades. Kimberly & Clark joined with The New York Times Company in 1926 to build a newsprint mill in Kapuskasing, Ontario, Canada. Two years later, the company went public as Kimberly-Clark. The firm expanded internationally during the 1950s, opening plants in Mexico, Germany and the United Kingdom.", "In 2001, Kimberly-Clark bought Italian diaper maker, Linostar, and announced it was closing four Latin American manufacturing plants. Kimberly-Clark Sub-Saharan Africa's vision is ambitious – nothing less than turning the $250 million business into a $1 billion business by 2015. Kimberly & Clark joined with The New York Times Company in 1926 to build a newsprint mill in Kapuskasing, Ontario, Canada. Two years later, the company went public as Kimberly-Clark. The firm expanded internationally during the 1950s, opening plants in Mexico, Germany and the United Kingdom.", "That's what Kimberly-Clark is all about. We place consumers at the center of everything we do. Billions worldwide choose our products to make a positive difference in their lives. That's a big responsibility and one we take seriously. 1 Kleenex: The world's first facial tissue. 2 Today, it's more than a $1 billion business. 3 Scott: Global sales of more than $2 billion annually. 4 Kotex: Trusted by millions of women in more than 100 countries and more than", "Brands. For more than a century, Kimberly-Clark has transformed ideas into innovative products. We lead the world in providing essentials for a better life, and our global brands are a trusted part of the lives of nearly one-quarter of the world's population in more than 175 countries.", "Kimberly-Clark UK holds Royal Warrants from Queen Elizabeth II and from the Prince of Wales in the United Kingdom. Kimberly Clark is also listed among the Fortune 500. Subsidiaries under Kimberly-Clark include Kimberly-Clark Health Care and Kimberly-Clark Professional. Kimberly & Clark joined with The New York Times Company in 1926 to build a newsprint mill in Kapuskasing, Ontario, Canada. Two years later, the company went public as Kimberly-Clark. The firm expanded internationally during the 1950s, opening plants in Mexico, Germany and the United Kingdom." ], "url": [ "http://www.kimberly-clark.com/ourcompany/overview.aspx", "http://encyclopedia.toiletpaperworld.com/manufacturers/kimberly-clark", "http://www.careersatkc.com/locations/canada/huntsville-ontario.aspx", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberly-Clark", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberly-Clark", "http://www.kimberly-clark.com/ourcompany/overview.aspx", "http://www.kimberly-clark.com/ourbrands.aspx", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberly-Clark" ] }

[ "In 2001, Kimberly-Clark bought Italian diaper maker, Linostar, and announced it was closing four Latin American manufacturing plants. Kimberly-Clark Sub-Saharan Africa's vision is ambitious – nothing less than turning the $250 million business into a $1 billion business by 2015. Kimberly & Clark joined with The New York Times Company in 1926 to build a newsprint mill in Kapuskasing, Ontario, Canada. Two years later, the company went public as Kimberly-Clark. The firm expanded internationally during the 1950s, opening plants in Mexico, Germany and the United Kingdom." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Conjunctions and Connectives are two words used in English grammar that show differences between them when it comes to their application. As a matter of fact, conjunctions are used to join two sentences. On the other hand, connectives are used within a short or a long sentence. This is the main difference between conjunctions and connectives. A conjunction normally connects two sentences. Some of the examples of conjunctions are ‘but’, ‘because’, and ‘however’ as in the examples: 1. He secured low marks in the examinations because he did not prepare well.", "1 a less common word for conjunction (sense 3. 2 any word that connects phrases, clauses, or individual words. 3 a symbol used in a formal language in the construction of compound sentences from simpler sentences, corresponding to terms such as or, and, not, etc, in ordinary speech. ", "connective. A connective is a word or phrase that links clauses or sentences. Connectives can be conjunctions (eg but, when, because) or connecting adverbs (eg however, then, therefore). Connecting adverbs (and adverbial phrases and clauses) maintain the cohesion of a text in several basic ways, including: addition: also, furthermore, moreover", "Different kinds of conjunctions join different kinds of grammatical structures. The following are the kinds of conjunctions: A. COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS (FANBOYS). for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. Coordinating conjunctions join equals to one another: words to words, phrases to phrases, clauses to clauses. Coordinating conjunctions usually form looser connections than other conjunctions do", "Conjunctions. A conjunction (also called a connective) is a word such as and, because, but, for, if, or, and when. Conjunctions are used to connect phrases, clauses, and sentences. There are two main kinds of conjunction. ", "Today, in literacy, we were playing around with different connectives and conjunctions. Connectives join two separate ideas in two sentences or paragraphs. They usually come at the start of a sentence. Examples of connectives. ", "1. connective-an uninflected function word that serves to conjoin words or phrases or clauses or sentences. conjunctive, continuative, conjunction. closed-class word, function word-a word that is uninflected and serves a grammatical function but has little identifiable meaning. 1. serving or tending to connect. 2. something that connects. 3. a word, as a conjunction, used to connect words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. 4. Bot. the tissue joining the two cells of an anther.", "In grammar, a conjunction (abbreviated CONJ or CNJ) is a part of speech that connects words, sentences, phrases, or clauses. A discourse connective is a conjunction joining sentences. This definition may overlap with that of other parts of speech, so what constitutes a conjunction must be defined for each language.", "Quick Refresher. Conjunctions are words that join two or more words, phrases, or clauses. List of Coordinating Conjunctions. Coordinating conjunctions join sentence elements that are the same. They can join words, phrases, and clauses. There are only seven of these, and they are easy to memorize if you use the acronym FANBOYS" ], "url": [ "http://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-conjunctions-and-vs-connectives/", "http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/connective", "http://www.primarycurriculum.me.uk/protocol/connectives-conjunctions", "http://www.towson.edu/ows/conjunctions.htm", "http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/words/conjunctions", "http://6b2012.brookburnprimary.net/tag/what-is-the-difference-between-connectives-and-conjunctions/", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Connectives", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_conjunction", "http://www.english-grammar-revolution.com/list-of-conjunctions.html" ] }

[ "connective. A connective is a word or phrase that links clauses or sentences. Connectives can be conjunctions (eg but, when, because) or connecting adverbs (eg however, then, therefore). Connecting adverbs (and adverbial phrases and clauses) maintain the cohesion of a text in several basic ways, including: addition: also, furthermore, moreover" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "To become a marine mammal trainer, you should take as many of the science courses as possible in high school and in the first year of university. The basic requirement to be a trainer at the Vancouver Aquarium is a Bachelor of Science degree – which will take a minimum of four years to obtain. ", "Best Answer: I'm not a zookeeper, but in my opinion you should get as high of a animal related degree and as much hands on experience as you can. Go talk to a counselor at your school for advise on becoming a zookeeper, college, and volunteer opportunities in your area. Start researching colleges you might like to go to and look at their course catalogs to see what classes you'll need to take to get a degree. In high school start taking classes related to what you'll be taking in college. The classes will be easier in High School and you'll start learning the info sooner and also get an idea of what areas you have a hard time studying. Education– While you’re in school, learn as much as you can in your science classes. In college, choose a degree program in animal-related fields like biology, zoology, botany, ecology, conservation science, or animal behavior.", "Biology is the study of life and living organisms, such as plants and animals. In biology classes, you will learn about the structure of living things, including how they grow and reproduce. While biology classes don’t focus solely on animal life, you will take additional classes later that specialize in animals. One of the reasons that becoming a veterinarian can be harder than becoming a doctor is that there are many species of animals. You may need to take separate classes on animals with backbones and without, as well as individual classes on mammals, reptiles, insects and other forms of animal life.", "So getting a good education is vitally important. According to the ASPCA, students interested in working with animals should take pre-med courses in animal biology, animal nutrition and zoology. One of the reasons that becoming a veterinarian can be harder than becoming a doctor is that there are many species of animals. You may need to take separate classes on animals with backbones and without, as well as individual classes on mammals, reptiles, insects and other forms of animal life.", "Animal Behavior. Another valuable class for someone who wants to work with animals is animal behavior science. This type of class will teach you why animals act the way they do. These classes combine biology with psychology. One of the reasons that becoming a veterinarian can be harder than becoming a doctor is that there are many species of animals. You may need to take separate classes on animals with backbones and without, as well as individual classes on mammals, reptiles, insects and other forms of animal life.", "1 Working alongside a keeper in our Children's Zoo, you'll help care for some of our zoo animals, and go behind the scenes to learn what it takes to be a zookeeper. 2 Work hard in school, not just in classes on science and nature but in all subjects. 1 Keep a nature journal. 2 Take a class on animals or nature at your local zoo, animal sanctuary, or park. 3 If you live in the St. Louis area, consider enrolling in our Keeper for a Day program, for students in Grades 2 through 8.", "By studying a course in animal management at Hadlow College, you can learn how to care for a number of different animals and become part of an industry which, with the growth in awareness surrounding animal welfare issues, continues to expand at an amazing rate. ", "You could always get into Zoology or Animal science? By major classification, Animal Science doesn't fall into science. Check out http://www.a2zcolleges.com/Majors/ and you might even be able to find a school. Also if you're not looking into college, http://www.employmentspot.com/employment... has a list of jobs working with animals!!! Source(s): http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos076.htm.", "Many jobs working with animals do not require a college degree. Examples would be training dogs for security and detective work or to guide the blind, breeding dogs or cats for sale, or grooming dogs and cats. I hope this gives you some ideas. Marine biology if you are interested in the ocean. ", "Zoology is a broad term, but these classes focus on animal life. In addition to learning about animal anatomy and how animals grow and function, you will also learn about their environments. One of the reasons that becoming a veterinarian can be harder than becoming a doctor is that there are many species of animals. You may need to take separate classes on animals with backbones and without, as well as individual classes on mammals, reptiles, insects and other forms of animal life." ], "url": [ "http://www.vanaqua.org/learn/aquafacts/careers/marine-mammal-trainer", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080220203110AARCLIs", "http://education.seattlepi.com/classes-college-should-want-work-animals-2128.html", "http://education.seattlepi.com/classes-college-should-want-work-animals-2128.html", "http://education.seattlepi.com/classes-college-should-want-work-animals-2128.html", "http://www.stlzoo.org/animals/soyouwanttobeazookeeper/", "http://hadlow.ac.uk/courses/animal-management/", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090212194902AAFl8Mm", "http://torsey.com/blog/what-college-major-should-i-take-if-i-want-to-work-with-animals-not-veterinary-though/", "http://education.seattlepi.com/classes-college-should-want-work-animals-2128.html" ] }

[ "So getting a good education is vitally important. According to the ASPCA, students interested in working with animals should take pre-med courses in animal biology, animal nutrition and zoology. One of the reasons that becoming a veterinarian can be harder than becoming a doctor is that there are many species of animals. You may need to take separate classes on animals with backbones and without, as well as individual classes on mammals, reptiles, insects and other forms of animal life." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "The term hunter was used for any horse that was used to ride at hunt-this meant a horse that had endurance and could jump and was sure footed enough to travel over rough terrain. A Hunter could mean a horse that you can take hunting and can shoot off it's back or a horse that you can Fox Hunt off of, but I'd tend to think the prior because you clarified that he's NOT a hunter/jumper. Source(s): Over 40 years of training horses, riders and making/repairing saddles and tack. HPTS!!!", "hunter is a type of show class it is judged on the horses movement and form if your horse is a hunter it means he is a good mover and has good form. katey · 7 years ago. Thumbs up. 1. A Hunter could mean a horse that you can take hunting and can shoot off it's back or a horse that you can Fox Hunt off of, but I'd tend to think the prior because you clarified that he's NOT a hunter/jumper. Source(s): Over 40 years of training horses, riders and making/repairing saddles and tack. HPTS!!!", "Hunt seat is a popular form of riding in the United States, recognized by the USHJA (United States Hunter/Jumper Association) and the United States Equestrian Federation, and in Canada. Hunt seat is a style of forward seat riding commonly found in North American horse shows. Along with dressage, it is one of the two classic forms of English riding. The hunt seat is based on the tradition of fox hunting", "Hunter's bump in the horse is a term used to describe a condition in which the tuber sacrale of the pelvis, located at the highest point of the horse's rump, are abnormally prominent. ", "1 Over-fences classes: The horse is judged over a course of fences. 2 In show hunter classes, particular attention is paid to the horse's jumping form, the fluidity of the course, and its take-off spot for each fence on the course. Hunt seat is a style of forward seat riding commonly found in North American horse shows. Along with dressage, it is one of the two classic forms of English riding. The hunt seat is based on the tradition of fox hunting", "1 Flat or Hunter Under Saddle classes: The horse is judged on the flat, meaning jumping is not involved. 2 In show hunter classes, the horse's movement and manners are judged, with quality of movement paramount. 3 In equitation classes, the rider's position, seat, and aids are judged. Hunt seat is a style of forward seat riding commonly found in North American horse shows. Along with dressage, it is one of the two classic forms of English riding. The hunt seat is based on the tradition of fox hunting", "The Irish Hunter, or Irish Horse, originated in Ireland, and is the result of a cross between the English thoroughbred and Irish Draft horse s. Technically, the Irish Hunger is not really a breed, but a half-bred, being half Thoroughbred and half-Irish Draft. The show hunter is a type of show horse in the that is judged on its movement, manners, and way of going, particularly while jumping fences. - Irish Hunter -." ], "url": [ "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081111100938AA0SOLE", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081111100938AA0SOLE", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunt_seat", "http://www.heavenlygaitsequinemassage.com/hunters-bump-horse/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunt_seat", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunt_seat", "http://en.mimi.hu/horse/hunter.html" ] }

[ "The Irish Hunter, or Irish Horse, originated in Ireland, and is the result of a cross between the English thoroughbred and Irish Draft horse s. Technically, the Irish Hunger is not really a breed, but a half-bred, being half Thoroughbred and half-Irish Draft. The show hunter is a type of show horse in the that is judged on its movement, manners, and way of going, particularly while jumping fences. - Irish Hunter -." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Sinus tachycardia (often referred to as sinus tach) is a rhythm which is formed by the electrical impulse originating in the SA node in the normal manner. However, the rate is faster than normal. The normal heart rate range is 50-100 beats per minute in adults. The rate in the example above is 150 beats per minute.", "Ventricular tachycardia is a pulse rate of more than 100 beats per minute, with at least three irregular heartbeats in a row. The condition can develop as an early or late complication of a heart attack. It may also occur in people with: 1 Cardiomyopathy.", "Causes. Ventricular tachycardia is a pulse rate of more than 100 beats per minute, with at least three irregular heartbeats in a row. The condition can develop as an early or late complication of a heart attack.", "Tachycardia is a heart rate of greater than 100 beats per minute. A normal heart rate is 60 to 100 beats per minute at rest. Ventricular tachycardia is a regular, faster-than-normal heart rate that begins in the heart's lower chambers. In most patients with ventricular tachycardia the rate is in the range of 170 beats per minute or more.", "The remaining 31 included infants who had a median age at presentation of 1 day, with a range from 1 to 255 days, and a mean ventricular tachycardia rate of 213 beats per minute, with a range from 171 to 280, at presentation.", "Causes. Ventricular tachycardia is a pulse rate of more than 100 beats per minute, with at least three irregular heartbeats in a row. The condition can develop as an early or late complication of a heart attack. It may also occur in people with: 1 Cardiomyopathy." ], "url": [ "http://www.equimedcorp.com/rhythms/topic/47/", "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000187.htm", "https://www.utmedicalcenter.org/your-health/encyclopedia/disease/000187/", "http://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/heart/disorders/arrhythmia/Ventricular-Tachycardia", "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20723269", "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000187.htm" ] }

[ "The remaining 31 included infants who had a median age at presentation of 1 day, with a range from 1 to 255 days, and a mean ventricular tachycardia rate of 213 beats per minute, with a range from 171 to 280, at presentation." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Messenger RNA (mRNA) serves as the primary transcript, and its nucleotide sequence determines the amino acid sequence of proteins. A codon in mRNA comprises of three nucle … otides that encode a specific amino acid. In a chain of nucleotides (a strand of DNA), the nucleotides are … connected by covalent bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide, and the phosphate group of the next nucleotide. 2 people found this useful.", "As in DNA, mRNA genetic information is in the sequence of nucleotides, which are arranged into codons consisting of three bases each. Each codon encodes for a specific amino acid, except the stop codons, which terminate protein synthesis. Finally, the mRNA is degraded. Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where they specify the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression.", "Nucleic acids, which include DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid), are made from monomers known as nucleotides. Each nucleotide has three components: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. If the sugar is deoxyribose, the polymer is DNA. If the sugar is ribose, the polymer is RNA. When sugar and a nitrogenous base get combined they form a nucleotide. Nucleotides are also known as phosphate nucleotides. Nucleic acids are among the most important biological macromolecules (others being amino acids/proteins, sugars/carbohydrates, and lipids/fats).", "The five-carbon (pentose) sugar in RNA is ribose. RNA molecules are polymers of nucleotides joined to one another by covalent bonds between the phosphate of one nucleotide and the sugar of another. These linkages are called phosphodiester linkages.", "In DNA, the four bases are: adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine. Each base is attached is attached to a sugar (deoxyribose) to form a nucleoside. Respectively, t … hese are: adenosine, guanosine, thymidine, and cytidine. The complete nucleotide consists of the nucleoside attached to a phosphate group. The names of the nucleotides are: adenylic acid, guanylic acid, thymidylic acid, and cytidylic acid.", "Ribose is the sugar component of nucleotides. One of the main chemical differences between DNA and RNA is that in RNA, the sugar is ribose, but in DNA, the sugar is deoxy ribose, in which an oxygen has been removed. 1 The connection that forms between nucleotides is between the sugar of the first nucleotide and the phosphate group of the second. 2 Each connection between nucleotides is a covalent bond, so the nucleic acids have a covalently attached sugar-phosphate backbone.", "Nucleotides. Nucleotides are the building blocks of polymers called polynucleotides. Each nucleotide monomer consists of a pentose (five-carbon) sugar, to which is attached two other groups; a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. The nitrogenous base is either a double ringed structure known as a purine or single ringed structure known as a pyrimidine.", "In a nucleotide the 5-carbon sugar is bonded to the phosphate group, which is bonded to the nitrogenous base. In a chain of nucleotides (a strand of DNA), the nucleotides are … connected by covalent bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide, and the phosphate group of the next nucleotide. 2 people found this useful.", "A codon is a series of three nucleotides on an mRNA molecule which codes for an amino acid. 7. What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis? tRNA carries the anti-codon to the mRNA codons and brings the corresponding amino acid to the ribosome to make a protein/polypeptide chain [translation]. 8. Compare and contrast the final product of DNA replication to the final product of transcription." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_name_of_the_sugar_present_in_mRNA_nucleotides", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRNA", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid", "http://biology.about.com/od/molecularbiology/ss/rna.htm", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_name_for_the_sugar_in_RNA_nucleotides", "http://myhome.sunyocc.edu/~weiskirl/nucleotides_nucleicacid.htm", "http://www.brooklyn.cuny.edu/bc/ahp/SDPS/SD.PS.polynuc.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_name_of_the_sugar_present_in_mRNA_nucleotides", "http://www2.fultonschools.org/teacher/mathiakr/Biology/4A-Meiosis&NucleicAcids/DNAReplicationTranscriptionTranslation[bookquestions-answers].pdf" ] }

[ "Ribose is the sugar component of nucleotides. One of the main chemical differences between DNA and RNA is that in RNA, the sugar is ribose, but in DNA, the sugar is deoxy ribose, in which an oxygen has been removed. 1 The connection that forms between nucleotides is between the sugar of the first nucleotide and the phosphate group of the second. 2 Each connection between nucleotides is a covalent bond, so the nucleic acids have a covalently attached sugar-phosphate backbone." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "To roast a 120 pound pig, you can bet on it taking approximately 1 hour per 10 pounds. This means that it will take about 12 hours. This can vary depending on the temperat … ure. Most 275 gallon oil drum type of cookers are long enough for a 60-75 lb pig if part of the legs are removed to fit. 7 hours is probably the outside length of time and would likely be a stuffed pig.", "How long does it take to cook the pig?We slow roast the pig for maximum flavor and tenderness. With the Oinkmaster, a 100lb pig takes about 8-9 hours to cook. For bigger pigs, an additional 30 minutes should be added for each 10lbs of pig. 5. What kind of time commitment is there to put on a pig roast?Day Before: Roughly 3 hours of our staff’s time are spent prepping for the job.", "Confidence votes 13. Roasting time on a 25lb pig takes as long as it has to to reach a internal temperature of 190 degrees. And the time also depends on the cooking temperature and cooking technique. sample: a barrel BBQ at a temperature of 275 degrees with a 25lb. pig might take approx. 10 to 12 hours.", "The average time to cook a pig is 6 hours. It can vary from 3.5 hours to 8 hours depending on the size of the pig. For every 10 kilos of pig you need a clear hours cooking time. This can also vary slightly due to time of the year location etc. In the summer on a hot sunny day the cooking time can be reduced by a good hour as the sun beats down and helps to reduce heat loss from the machine.", "Roasting a 150 lb pig should take at least 6 hours(maybe as long as 7 or 8 hours). Its not likely that the outside will be overcooked since pork is such a fatty meat. Check th … e internal temperature of the thickest part of the pig with a thermometer. And the time also depends on the cooking temperature and cooking technique. sample: a barrel BBQ at a temperature of 275 degrees with a 25lb. pig might take approx. 10 to 12 hours.", "Roasting a 150 lb pig should take at least 6 hours(maybe as long as 7 or 8 hours). Its not likely that the outside will be overcooked since pork is such a fatty meat. Check th … e internal temperature of the thickest part of the pig with a thermometer. Most 275 gallon oil drum type of cookers are long enough for a 60-75 lb pig if part of the legs are removed to fit. 7 hours is probably the outside length of time and would likely be a stuffed pig.", "If it's cooked at around 250 degrees or so, allow for at least 75 minutes of cooking time for every 10 pounds. So, for a 50 pound pig, you should plan for 6.5 hours. Remember, low and slow is always the best. Make sure the pig is turned every 30 minutes. Folks used to say that all internal temperatures of the deepest meat should be at about 165.", "1 Beer and friends. 2 The pig will take about an hour and 15 minutes per 10 pounds. 3 It's gonna be a long, lazy day of pig-spinning, so make sure you are amply lubricated and the company is good. 1 The pig should have plenty of flavor on its own. 2 Rub the salt generously on the pig inside and out. 3 Beer and friends. 4 The pig will take about an hour and 15 minutes per 10 pounds. 5", "The length of roasting time would depend on the size of the pig, whether or not you stuffed it, your coal load and the type of cooker. These comments concern a cooker with cover rather than open pit style. Most 275 gallon oil drum type of cookers are long enough for a 60-75 lb pig if part of the legs are removed to fit. 7 hours is probably the outside length of time and would likely be a stuffed pig.", "Go Slow and Easy. 1 A whole pig roast takes a long time, you cannot, and should not, rush it. 2 Whole hogs can take from 4 to 24 hours to cook completely depending on their size and the cooking temperature. 3 When you think the roast is nearing doneness, test the doneness with a meat thermometer. 1 Therefore, whole hogs are generally significantly larger than that. 2 While many that you'll see roasted are 30 to 60 lb., larger adult hogs can easily weight from 100 to 200 lb. 3 For this reason, you need a very heavy-duty and sturdy rotisserie, as seen above, to slowly and safely turn your pig roast over your fire." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_does_it_take_to_roast_a_pig", "http://www.thepigkahuna.com/PigRoasts.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_does_it_take_to_roast_the_25lb_pig", "http://www.spittingpig.co.uk/hog-roast-catering/faq/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_does_it_take_to_roast_the_25lb_pig", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_does_it_take_to_roast_a_pig", "http://www.justanswer.com/general/6j3qq-long-does-roast-butterflied-50-pound-pig.html", "http://www.seriouseats.com/2010/06/how-to-roast-a-pig-on-a-spit.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_does_it_take_to_roast_a_pig", "http://www.firepit-and-grilling-guru.com/whole-pig-roast.html" ] }

[ "How long does it take to cook the pig?We slow roast the pig for maximum flavor and tenderness. With the Oinkmaster, a 100lb pig takes about 8-9 hours to cook. For bigger pigs, an additional 30 minutes should be added for each 10lbs of pig. 5. What kind of time commitment is there to put on a pig roast?Day Before: Roughly 3 hours of our staff’s time are spent prepping for the job." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 A noun is a part of speech used to name a person, place, thing, animals, activities, event, idea and emotions. 2 Nouns are one of the main elements of sentences. 3 Nouns usually function as subjects or objects within sentences, although they can also act as adjectives and adverbs. ", "for Teachers for Schools for Companies. A noun is a part of speech that identifies a person, place, thing, or idea. In this lesson, in addition to learning how to identify nouns, you'll learn the difference between proper and common nouns and a bit about how nouns function in sentences.", "A noun phrase is a phrase based on a noun, pronoun, or other noun-like word (nominal) optionally accompanied by modifiers such as determiners and adjectives. A noun phrase functions within a clause or sentence in a role such as that of subject, object, or complement of a verb or preposition. noun can co-occur with an article or an attributive adjective. Verbs and adjectives can't. In the following, an asterisk (*) in front of an example means that this example is ungrammatical.", "A noun is a word for a person, place, or thing. Everything we can see or talk about is represented by a word which names it. That naming word is called a noun. A noun is a word for a person, place, or thing. (You might like to think of nouns as naming words.)", "Nouns and noun phrases can typically be replaced by pronouns, such as he, it, which, and those, in order to avoid repetition or explicit identification, or for other reasons. For example, in the sentence Janeth thought that he was weird, the word he is a pronoun standing in place of the name of the person in question. noun can co-occur with an article or an attributive adjective. Verbs and adjectives can't. In the following, an asterisk (*) in front of an example means that this example is ungrammatical.", "Of all the parts of speech, nouns are perhaps the most important. A noun is a word that identifies a person, animal, place, thing, or idea. Here, we’ll take a closer look at what makes a noun a noun, and we’ll provide some noun examples, along with some advice for using nouns in your sentences. Identifying a Noun", "Definition. A noun is traditionally defined as the part of speech (or word class) that names or identifies a person, place, thing, quality, or activity. Adjective: nominal. Most nouns have both a singular and plural form, can be preceded by an article and/or one or more adjectives, and can serve as the head of a noun phrase.", "A noun (from Latin nōmen, literally meaning name) is a word that functions as the name of some specific thing or set of things, such as living creatures, objects, places, actions, qualities, states of existence, or ideas. noun can co-occur with an article or an attributive adjective. Verbs and adjectives can't. In the following, an asterisk (*) in front of an example means that this example is ungrammatical.", "noun. noun \\ˈnau̇n\\. : a word or phrase that is the name of something (as a person, place, or thing) and that is used in a sentence especially as subject or object of a verb or as object of a preposition. Spanish Central: Spanish translation of noun.weet. : a word that is the name of something (such as a person, animal, place, thing, quality, idea, or action) and is typically" ], "url": [ "http://www.whatisgrammar.com/parts-of-speech/noun/", "http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-are-nouns-definition-types-examples.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noun", "http://www.grammar-monster.com/lessons/nouns.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noun", "http://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-rules/nouns/", "http://grammar.about.com/od/mo/g/nounterm.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noun", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/noun" ] }

[ "Definition. A noun is traditionally defined as the part of speech (or word class) that names or identifies a person, place, thing, quality, or activity. Adjective: nominal. Most nouns have both a singular and plural form, can be preceded by an article and/or one or more adjectives, and can serve as the head of a noun phrase." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Porcupines are not able to deliberately throw their quills at will and can defiantly not aim and fire. It is thought that the idea of Porcupines fire quill at enemies comes from the way in which they defend them selves. When a porcupine is threatened they will shake their quills rapidly and run backwards.", "Origins: That a porcupine can throw its quills at an attacker is a widely-believed bit of animal misinformation. Porcupines bristle up when alarmed, and a small muscle attached to each quill pulls it upright in the fur.", "Porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) Quick Facts Porcupines can NOT throw their quills. Porcupine vision is poor, but they have an excellent sense of smell. Porcupines make shrill screeches, whines, and low grunts. Porcupines are vegetarians, and they eat a large variety of plants, shrubs and trees.", "Porcupines can not shoot their quills or even throw them at will. Although it is commonly believed that when a porcupine feels under threat, they will fire their quills, punct … uring the approaching animal, it is in fact a fallacy.", "Confidence votes 129. Porcupines can not shoot their quills or even throw them at will. Although it is commonly believed that when a porcupine feels under threat, they will fire their quills, puncturing the approaching animal, it is in fact a fallacy.", "The porcupine is the prickliest of rodents, though its Latin name means quill pig.. There are about two dozen porcupine species, and all boast a coat of needle-like quills to give predators a sharp reminder that this animal is no easy meal." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/Do_porcupines_throw_their_quills", "http://www.snopes.com/critters/wild/porcupine.asp", "http://www.theiwrc.org/kids/Facts/Mammals/porcupine.htm", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Can_a_porcupine_throw_its_quills", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Do_porcupines_throw_their_quills", "http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/porcupine/" ] }

[ "Confidence votes 129. Porcupines can not shoot their quills or even throw them at will. Although it is commonly believed that when a porcupine feels under threat, they will fire their quills, puncturing the approaching animal, it is in fact a fallacy." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Abstract. Background: Both the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and anti-Xa assay can be used to monitor unfractionated heparin (UFH). Following implementation of an anti-Xa method for heparin dosing protocols in our hospital, we became aware of many patients with discordant aPTT and anti-Xa values. ", "Unfractionated heparin as a pharmaceutical is heparin that has not been fractionated to sequester the fraction of molecules with low molecular weight. In contrast, low-molecular-weight heparin has undergone fractionation for the purpose of making its pharmacodynamics more predictable. ", "Heparin anti-Xa may be ordered to monitor some people who have heparin resistance who do not respond as expected to UFH or who have an underlying condition or interfering factor(s) such as lupus anticoagulant (LAC) that affects the PTT test result. The heparin anti-Xa test is not routinely ordered but may be performed whenever a doctor wants to evaluate UFH or LMWH concentrations in the blood. It may be ordered periodically to monitor UFH therapy, especially when a doctor feels that a person is not responding as expected to UFH or when the PTT is not useful", "Laboratory monitoring is widely recommended to measure the anticoagulant effect of unfractionated heparin and to adjust the dose to maintain levels in the target therapeutic range. The most widely used laboratory assay for monitoring unfractionated heparin therapy is the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). Unfractionated heparin dose appears to be more important than the aPTT in predicting clinical efficacy. Despite serious limitations, the reliance on the aPTT is likely to continue because of its ready availability and familiarity of clinicians with the test.", "Heparin anti-Xa results must be evaluated in the context of the type of heparin that a person is receiving (UFH or LMWH and type of LMWH), the timing of the sample collection, and the condition that the person is being treated for. The heparin anti-Xa test is not routinely ordered but may be performed whenever a doctor wants to evaluate UFH or LMWH concentrations in the blood. It may be ordered periodically to monitor UFH therapy, especially when a doctor feels that a person is not responding as expected to UFH or when the PTT is not useful", "Low-molecular-weight heparin is given subcutaneously twice daily, and laboratory monitoring is not required. Treatment with either warfarin or low-molecular-weight heparin should be continued for a minimum of seven days postoperatively. Treatment with low-molecular-weight heparin may still be considered in patients with DVT and suspected pulmonary embolus. Physicians should become familiar with the absolute and relative contraindications of the specific brand of low-molecular-weight heparin they choose to use.", "Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) therapy is usually not monitored, but doctors may order heparin anti-Xa tests in some cases. These include women who are pregnant, people who are obese, very young, or elderly and those who have kidney disease or dysfunction. The heparin anti-Xa test is not routinely ordered but may be performed whenever a doctor wants to evaluate UFH or LMWH concentrations in the blood. It may be ordered periodically to monitor UFH therapy, especially when a doctor feels that a person is not responding as expected to UFH or when the PTT is not useful", "Patients at extremes of weight should have the dose of enoxaparin adjusted and anticoagulation should be monitored using the low molecular weight heparin assay. In clinical trials using enoxaparin for the treatment of DVT or PE, the 1 mg/kg Q 12 h dose was given to patients up to weights of approximately 150 kg. The maximum dose of enoxaparin should be 150 mg SC Q 12 h. For a patient receiving a dose of enoxaparin of 130 mg to 150 mg (i.e., patient weight 130 kg to 150 kg or greater), the low molecular weight heparin assay may be a useful monitoring tool." ], "url": [ "http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/779939", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heparin", "https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/heparin/tab/test", "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17080209", "https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/heparin/tab/test", "http://www.aafp.org/afp/1999/0315/p1607.html", "https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/heparin/tab/test", "https://clevelandclinicmeded.com/medicalpubs/pharmacy/janfeb2003/enoxaparin.htm" ] }

[ "Laboratory monitoring is widely recommended to measure the anticoagulant effect of unfractionated heparin and to adjust the dose to maintain levels in the target therapeutic range. The most widely used laboratory assay for monitoring unfractionated heparin therapy is the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). Unfractionated heparin dose appears to be more important than the aPTT in predicting clinical efficacy. Despite serious limitations, the reliance on the aPTT is likely to continue because of its ready availability and familiarity of clinicians with the test." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The Potomac River /pəˈtoʊmək/ is located along the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States and flows into the Chesapeake Bay. The river (main stem and North Branch) is approximately 405 miles (652 km) long, with a drainage area of about 14,700 square miles (38,000 km²). In terms of area, this makes the Potomac River the fourth largest river along the Atlantic coast of the United States and the 21st largest in the United States. Over 5 million people live within the Potomac watershed.", "The Potomac River is located in 4 states. The river forms part of the borders between Washington, D.C. and Virginia on the left descending bank and Maryland and Virginia on th … e river's right descending bank. found this useful. Fairfax Stone Historical Monument State Park is a West Virginia state park commemorating the Fairfax Stone a surveyor's marker and boundary stone at the source of the North Br … anch Potomac River in West Virginia.", "Major Tributaries of the Potomac River. The Potomac's major tributaries include: the Anacostia River, Antietam Creek, the Cacapon River, Catoctin Creek, Conocoheague Creek, the Monocacy River, the North Branch, the South Branch, the Occoquan River, the Savage River, the Senaca Creek, and the Shenandoah River.", "The Potomac River runs 405 miles (652 km) from the Fairfax Stone in West Virginia on the Allegheny Plateau to Point Lookout, Maryland, and drains 14,679 square miles (38,020 km 2). The length of the river from the junction of its North and South Branches to Point Lookout is 302 miles (486 km). In terms of area, this makes the Potomac River the fourth largest river along the Atlantic coast of the United States and the 21st largest in the United States. Over 5 million people live within the Potomac watershed.", "The Potomac River, which flows through West Virginia, Maryland, Virginia, and Washington, DC The Delaware River constitutes in part the boundary between Pennsylvani … a and New York, the entire boundary between New Jersey and Pennsylvania, and most of the boundary between Delaware and New Jersey. Fairfax Stone Historical Monument State Park is a West Virginia state park commemorating the Fairfax Stone a surveyor's marker and boundary stone at the source of the North Br … anch Potomac River in West Virginia.", "The Potomac River, which flows through West Virginia, Maryland, Virginia, and Washington, DC The Delaware River constitutes in part the boundary between Pennsylvani … a and New York, the entire boundary between New Jersey and Pennsylvania, and most of the boundary between Delaware and New Jersey. Jeff Acklin. Confidence votes 575. The Potomac River is located in 4 states. The river forms part of the borders between Washington, D.C. and Virginia on the left descending bank and Maryland and Virginia on the river's right descending bank.", "Potomac River – Map & Details. print this map. Located along the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States, and flowing into the Chesapeake Bay, the Potomac River flows through Washington DC, Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania and West Virginia. The Potomac River is 405 miles (652 km) in length, and forms part of the border between Washington DC and Virginia on the left bank, as well as Maryland and Virginia on the right.", "The source of the North Branch Potomac River is at the Fairfax Stone located at the junction of Grant, Tucker and Preston counties in West Virginia. From the Fairfax Stone, the North Branch Potomac River flows to the man-made Jennings Randolph Lake, an impoundment designed for flood control. The South Fork South Branch Potomac River forms just north of U.S. Route 250 in Highland County, Virginia near Head Waters and flows 55 miles (89 km) north-northeastward to the South Branch Potomac River at Moorefield in Hardy County,", "Map showing all locations mentioned on Wikipedia article: The Potomac River () flows into the Chesapeake Bay, located along the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States. The river is approximately 383 statute miles (616 km) long, with a drainage area of about 14,700 square miles (38,000 km²). The South Fork South Branch Potomac River forms just north of U.S. Route 250 in Highland County, Virginia near Head Waters and flows 55 miles (89 km) north-northeastward to the South Branch Potomac River at Moorefield in Hardy County, West Virginia." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potomac_River", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Where_is_the_Potomac_River_located", "http://dc.about.com/od/communities/a/The-Potomac-River.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potomac_River", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Where_is_the_Potomac_River_located", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_state_is_the_potomac_river_located", "http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/namerica/usstates/lgcolor/potomac.htm", "http://maps.thefullwiki.org/Potomac_River", "http://maps.thefullwiki.org/Potomac_River" ] }

[ "The Potomac River /pəˈtoʊmək/ is located along the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States and flows into the Chesapeake Bay. The river (main stem and North Branch) is approximately 405 miles (652 km) long, with a drainage area of about 14,700 square miles (38,000 km²). In terms of area, this makes the Potomac River the fourth largest river along the Atlantic coast of the United States and the 21st largest in the United States. Over 5 million people live within the Potomac watershed." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "DNA and RNA Bases. In DNA, there are four different bases: adenine (A) and guanine (G) are the larger purines. Cytosine (C) and thymine (T) are the smaller pyrimidines. RNA also contains four different bases. Three of these are the same as in DNA: adenine, guanine, and cytosine.", "The four bases of RNA are adenine guanine cytosine and uracil. (Uracil is only found in RNA) The four bases of DNA are adenine, guanine, cytosine and thyamine (thyamine replac … es uracil in DNA).", "there are four kinds of nitrogenous bases in dna. two of the nitrogenous ba … ses, adenine and guanine,belong to a group of compounds known as purines. the remaining two bases, cytosine and thymine, are know as pyrimidines. Adenine pairs up with thymine, and cytosine pairs up with guanine.", "Bases. There are four types of bases in DNA. They are called: * Adenine (A). * Cytosine (C). * Guanine (G). * Thymine (T). Courtesy of the National Human Genome Research Institution. Bases are the part of DNA that stores information and gives DNA the ability to encode phenotype, a person’s visible traits.", "Uracil is not found in a DNA molecule. DNA contains the bases Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine, and Guanine. RNA contains Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, but instead of Thymine, RNA has … Uracil.", "there are four kinds of nitrogenous bases in dna. two of the nitrogenous ba … ses, adenine and guanine,belong to a group of compounds known as purines. the remaining two bases, cytosine and thymine, are know as pyrimidines. Adenine pairs up with thymine, and cytosine pairs up with guanine." ], "url": [ "http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/bioprop/dnabase.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Name_the_four_bases_found_in_a_DNA_molecule", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Name_the_four_bases_found_in_a_DNA_molecule", "http://knowgenetics.org/nucleotides-and-bases/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Name_the_four_bases_found_in_a_DNA_molecule", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_are_four_types_of_bases_in_DNA" ] }

[ "DNA and RNA Bases. In DNA, there are four different bases: adenine (A) and guanine (G) are the larger purines. Cytosine (C) and thymine (T) are the smaller pyrimidines. RNA also contains four different bases. Three of these are the same as in DNA: adenine, guanine, and cytosine." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "During June the temperatures in The Bahamas typically vary between a daily high of about 87.0 degrees and a daily low of approximately 76.0 degrees.", "The sun's rays reach the ground at Nassau during 56 percent of daylight hours on average in June, for a total of 231 hours in the month. Daylight in June at Nassau averages 13 hours and 40 minutes a day. The longest days of the year, from around June 18th to 23rd, last 13 hours and 42 minutes from sunrise to sunset.", "Still, there are a few things that visitors can always expect out of weather in the Bahamas: cooler temperatures than many other Caribbean islands, and an average of 310 bright and sunny days a year. Below, you will find a chart that lists the average high and low temperatues of each month of the year.", "July is the hottest month in Nassau with an average temperature of 28°C (82°F) and the coldest is January at 21°C (70°F) with the most daily sunshine hours at 10 in August.", "These measures of temperature and precipitation are historical averages based on data collected at weather stations from 1971 to 2000. There's a 2 percent probability that a named tropical storm or hurricane will approach within 100 miles (165 km) of The Bahamas during June.", "On a typical June day, during the early morning hours you will probably find the temperature will be around 80.0 degrees. Temperatures in The Bahamas typically rise during the day, to an average of 85.2 degrees in the early afternoon. The temperature in The Bahamas will typically decline by early evening, to approximately 80.9 degrees. Overall, temperatures in The Bahamas during June average around", "Nassau: Annual Weather Averages. July is the hottest month in Nassau with an average temperature of 28°C (82°F) and the coldest is January at 21°C (70°F) with the most daily sunshine hours at 10 in August. The wettest month is July with an average of 220mm of rain.", "This report describes the typical weather at the Nassau Lynden Pindling International Airport (Nassau, The Bahamas) weather station over the course of an average year. It is based on the historical records from 1974 to 2012." ], "url": [ "http://caribya.com/bahamas/weather/june/", "http://www.currentresults.com/Weather/The-Bahamas/Places/nassau-weather-in-june.php", "http://caribya.com/bahamas/weather/temperature/", "http://www.holiday-weather.com/nassau/averages/", "http://www.currentresults.com/Weather/The-Bahamas/temperature-rainfall-average-june.php", "http://caribya.com/bahamas/weather/june/", "http://www.holiday-weather.com/nassau/averages/", "https://weatherspark.com/averages/32704/Nassau-New-Providence-Island-Bahamas-The-Bahamas" ] }

[ "On a typical June day, during the early morning hours you will probably find the temperature will be around 80.0 degrees. Temperatures in The Bahamas typically rise during the day, to an average of 85.2 degrees in the early afternoon. The temperature in The Bahamas will typically decline by early evening, to approximately 80.9 degrees. Overall, temperatures in The Bahamas during June average around" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "High-density lipoprotein (HDL), also called “good” cholesterol, takes cholesterol from the tissues and blood vessels back to your liver where it is removed from the body. HDL helps protect you from heart disease, so if your levels are low, your risk is higher. Diet and Exercise. Doctors say that you can lower your cholesterol levels by as much as 20 percent in three to six months, through simple dietary changes and exercise.", "Identify Healthy Cholesterol Levels. According to the American Heart Association a healthy total cholesterol level is less then 200 mg/dl. You are considered to have borderline high cholesterol if your level is between 200 to 239 mg/dl. You will be diagnosed with high cholesterol if your level is is 240 mg/dl and over. Cholesterol level can be checked with a simple blood test performed by a doctor. You may or may not have to fast depending on the type of test your physician orders.", "Diet. In order to lower LDL cholesterol, reduce saturated fat in your diet and increase dietary fiber. Saturated fats increase the body’s production of LDL cholesterol. Dr. Gianos says to cut saturated fat to less than 10 grams per day, and to eat 30 grams of fiber per day, 10 grams of which should be insoluble fiber. HDL helps protect you from heart disease, so if your levels are low, your risk is higher. Diet and Exercise. Doctors say that you can lower your cholesterol levels by as much as 20 percent in three to six months, through simple dietary changes and exercise.", "This alone can lower LDL levels between 11 to 15%. For the overweight, losing around 10 pounds can drop LDL levels 8%. Adding fiber-rich foods into the diet like vegetables, legumes and oats further lowers cholesterol levels; this diet change can reduce LDL levels by 3 to 5% in only six weeks. Cholesterol levels in your blood are measured in milligrams per deciliter. HDL and LDL combined should total no more than 200 milligrams for normal cholesterol levels. 200 to 239 is borderline and a number above 240 is considered high. Normal levels for LDL cholesterol, the bad one, should be under 130.", "The time it takes to lower your cholesterol depends on a number of factors, all of which vary for every person. Most important is your understanding of the changes you must make, the guidelines in place to make them and why these guidelines are in place. The Next Six Weeks. Follow up with your doctor and undergo a cholesterol blood test to check your LDL levels after the first six weeks. At this point your doctor may implement more changes while continuing with the changes you have already made.", "It often depends on several variables, including how aggressive your treatment is, your genetic tendencies (for example, some people’s LDL levels shoot down quickly while others’ inch down), and how high your cholesterol levels are to begin with. 3 Half the subjects lowered their LDL, on average, to 69; the other half reduced LDL to 54. Both groups were rewarded with few heart events over the six-year period, but the group with the lower LDL, 54, ended up the winner.", "They are also forms of soluble fiber; eating 5 to 10g daily can decrease your LDL between 3 and 5 percent in the first six weeks. Adding moderate physical activity, such as 30 minutes of walking each day, helps burn calories and improve cholesterol levels. The Next Six Weeks. Follow up with your doctor and undergo a cholesterol blood test to check your LDL levels after the first six weeks. At this point your doctor may implement more changes while continuing with the changes you have already made.", "Saturated fats such as red meat, whole-fat dairy products, egg yolks and butter should not comprise more than 7 percent of your total daily calories, and your cholesterol intake should be less than 200mg per day. These changes combined can reduce your LDL between 11 and 15 percent, according to the NHLBI. If you are overweight, losing 10 lbs. can decrease your LDL up to 8 percent. Do this by adding fiber-rich foods such as oats, fruits, vegetables and legumes; these fill you faster and help restrict calories. The Next Six Weeks. Follow up with your doctor and undergo a cholesterol blood test to check your LDL levels after the first six weeks. At this point your doctor may implement more changes while continuing with the changes you have already made." ], "url": [ "http://www.healthline.com/health/high-cholesterol/how-long-does-it-take-to-lower", "http://www.ehow.com/how-does_4966402_long-does-lower-cholesterol-diet.html", "http://www.healthline.com/health/high-cholesterol/how-long-does-it-take-to-lower", "http://www.mediterraneanbook.com/lower-cholesterol-naturally/", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/429118-how-long-does-it-take-to-reduce-cholesterol-levels/", "https://www.pritikin.com/how-long-take-lower-cholesterol", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/429118-how-long-does-it-take-to-reduce-cholesterol-levels/", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/429118-how-long-does-it-take-to-reduce-cholesterol-levels/" ] }

[ "High-density lipoprotein (HDL), also called “good” cholesterol, takes cholesterol from the tissues and blood vessels back to your liver where it is removed from the body. HDL helps protect you from heart disease, so if your levels are low, your risk is higher. Diet and Exercise. Doctors say that you can lower your cholesterol levels by as much as 20 percent in three to six months, through simple dietary changes and exercise." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The normal body temperature of 98.6°F (37°C) is actually an average of temperatures. A person's normal temperature can fluctuate 1°F (0.6°C) or more or below 98.6; additionally, the body temperature fluctuates the same amount throughout the day-lower in the morning and evening while higher at mid-day.", "Our body regulates the temperature according to different circumstances and seasons. Normal body temperature is 98.2ºF or 36ºC and the normal fluctuation in this temperature may be 97.0ºF or 36.1ºC on the lower scale and 100.0ºF or 37.8ºC on the upper scale. Any temperature above and below the limits may be a result of some complications. When the temperature of our surroundings is more than the body temperature, our body tends to lose heat to maintain the inner body temperature. In this process, the sweat glands expand and release the excess heat from your body to the surface of the skin, in the form of sweat.", "Body temperature fluctuates (2 replies): I will sometimes check my body temperature in the mornin... [more]. Low tempiture (1 replies): I have a temp of 97 and I don't feel well, does anyone k... My body temperature is constantly fluctuating. Constantly. :(I noticed when I turned up the AC, my temp of 99 went down. So When Its cold my temp is low. I see my body is reacting to the temperature around me and its trying to regulate itself.", "So--why does my body temperature fluctuate wildly? I get up in the morning, I feel waaaaay too hot, sweating as during menopause though I'm now 74, and my temp is 96.4. Then, later in the day I am freezing, and it is 97.5. Once it a while it will go all the way up to a below normal 98.2 or 98.3. ", "It is actually quite normal for the body temperature to rise and fall somewhat over the course of the day and the night. For example, most people have a lower body temperature while they are sound asleep then they do during the day. However, it is generally not normal to feel uncomfortably and intermittently hot and cold during the day, especially if these sensation are interfering with your normal day to day functioning. For example, an alteration in the normal functioning of the thyroid gland, which regulates the body's metabolism, could produce episodes of feeling intermittently hot and cold. There are often other symptoms as well, such as change in weight or mood, and changes in the hair or skin.", "When basal body temperatures fluctuate a great deal, it is usually due to inconsistencies in temperature taking methods. Make sure you are taking your temperature at the same time every day, when you first wake up, after a solid block of sleep, and with a BBT thermometer. If you are doing all this and are still getting rocky temperatures, you can try taking your temperature vaginally. Some women notice more stable temperatures when taking their temperature vaginally. Temperatures can also fluctuate a great deal when you are not ovulating, or when you have cycles with delayed ovulation", "If you measure your own temperature at different parts of the body, say in your mouth and under your arms, you’ll notice that the temperatures are different. The general rule is that the thinner a body part is, the less contact it has with the outside environment, and therefore the higher temperature you’ll observe. However, not all fluctuations of our body temperature fall under the control of blood vessels. For example, you are likely to have a higher temperature right after a 100-meter sprint than when you are fast asleep.", "When the German physician, Carl Wunderlich, first reported 37 degrees Celsius (or 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit) as the average human body temperature in 1861, he claimed to have drawn his conclusion from more than a million armpit measurements of 25,000 patients. However, not all fluctuations of our body temperature fall under the control of blood vessels. For example, you are likely to have a higher temperature right after a 100-meter sprint than when you are fast asleep.", "My body temperature has been fluctuating for god knows how long. I bought a thermometer about 2 months ago so i've had that to gauge it with, but mind you I'm sure the damn thing was fluctuating before I got one. My body temperature is lowest in the morning, sometimes even going below 93 degrees. My body temperature is constantly fluctuating. Constantly. :(I noticed when I turned up the AC, my temp of 99 went down. So When Its cold my temp is low. I see my body is reacting to the temperature around me and its trying to regulate itself." ], "url": [ "http://house.wikia.com/wiki/Body_temperature", "http://www.buzzle.com/articles/fluctuating-body-temperature.html", "http://www.medhelp.org/posts/Undiagnosed-Symptoms/Fluctuating-Body-Temperature/show/959656", "http://forums.prohealth.com/forums/index.php?threads/fluctuating-body-temperature-anyone.205655/", "https://www.zocdoc.com/answers/12418/why-does-my-body-temperature-fluctuate-so-much", "http://www.fertilityfriend.com/Faqs/Fluctuating-temperatures.html", "http://scienceline.org/2008/01/ask-jiang-bodytemperature/", "http://scienceline.org/2008/01/ask-jiang-bodytemperature/", "http://www.medhelp.org/posts/Undiagnosed-Symptoms/Fluctuating-Body-Temperature/show/959656" ] }

[ "When basal body temperatures fluctuate a great deal, it is usually due to inconsistencies in temperature taking methods. Make sure you are taking your temperature at the same time every day, when you first wake up, after a solid block of sleep, and with a BBT thermometer. If you are doing all this and are still getting rocky temperatures, you can try taking your temperature vaginally. Some women notice more stable temperatures when taking their temperature vaginally. Temperatures can also fluctuate a great deal when you are not ovulating, or when you have cycles with delayed ovulation" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Monosodium glutamate (MSG, also known as sodium glutamate) is the sodium salt of glutamic acid, one of the most abundant naturally occurring non-essential amino acids. Glutamate is found in tomatoes, Parmesan cheese, potatoes, mushrooms, and other vegetables and fruits. MSG is used in the food industry as a flavor enhancer with an umami taste that intensifies the meaty, savory flavor of food, as naturally occurring glutamate does in foods such as stews and meat soups. ", "A typical human contains 4.4 pounds of glutamate or Glutamic acid. It is a main component of proteins and peptides, and present in most tissue. Virtually every food contains glutamate. It's a major component of protein rich food like meat, eggs, poultry, milk, cheese, and fish. Glutamate or Glutamic acid is also ubiquitous in grain, beans, vegetables, mushrooms, fruits, nuts, sea vegetables such as kombu, and even mother's milk. ", "A sack of pure MSG. Photo © Danilo Alfaro. Monosodium glutamate, or MSG, is a flavor-enhancing food additive used in Asian cooking and also commonly found in fast foods as well as commercially packaged food products such as chips, crackers, soups and soup mixes, lunch meats, salad dressings and many others. ", "-glutamate than found in the free glutamate ions of fermented naturally-occurring foods. Fermented products such as soy sauce, steak sauce, and Worcestershire sauce have levels of glutamate similar to foods with added monosodium glutamate. However, 5% or more of the glutamate may be the. Because glutamate is commonly found in food, primarily from protein sources, the FDA does not require foods and ingredients that contain glutamate as an inherent component to list it on the label. Examples include tomatoes, cheeses, meats, hydrolyzed protein products such as soy sauce, and autolyzed yeast extracts.", "Umami is the taste of glutamate, which is a savory flavor found in many Japanese foods, bacon and also in the toxic food additive MSG. It is because of umami that foods with MSG taste heartier, more robust and generally better to a lot of people than foods without it. 1 Common adverse effects linked to regular consumption of MSG, include: obesity, eye damage, headaches, fatigue and disorientation, depression, rapid heartbeat, tingling and numbness. 2 Early studies suggested 25 percent to 30 percent of the US population was intolerant of MSG at levels then found in food.", "Nutrition. Healthy Eating. MSG (monosodium glutamate) is a form of the naturally occurring amino acid glutamate, and is used as a food additive to intensify the taste of food. This flavor enhancer, originally extracted from seaweeds and used in Asian cuisines, has now become a common find in many food products. ", "Glutamic acid is a natural constituent of many fermented or aged foods, including soy sauce, fermented bean paste, and cheese, and is also a component of hydrolyzed protein such as yeast extract. The sodium salt of glutamic acid, monosodium glutamate (MSG), is a widely used additive in the food industry. Because glutamate is commonly found in food, primarily from protein sources, the FDA does not require foods and ingredients that contain glutamate as an inherent component to list it on the label. Examples include tomatoes, cheeses, meats, hydrolyzed protein products such as soy sauce, and autolyzed yeast extracts.", "By FDA definition, processed free glutamic acid (MSG) is “naturally occurring,” because the basic ingredients are found in nature. “Naturally occurring” does not mean that a food additive is being used in its natural state. “Naturally occurring” only means that the food additive began with something found in nature. By FDA definition, the ingredient “monosodium glutamate” is natural. So is hydrochloric acid.", "What is more shocking is that it’s found in three types of foods most people are not even aware of. The part of MSG that negatively affects the human body is the “glutamate”, not the sodium. The breakdown of MSG typically consists of 78% glutamate, 12% sodium, and about 10% water. “Naturally occurring” does not mean that a food additive is being used in its natural state. “Naturally occurring” only means that the food additive began with something found in nature. By FDA definition, the ingredient “monosodium glutamate” is natural. So is hydrochloric acid.", "Monosodium glutamate is the sodium salt of glutamic acid. Glutamate is a naturally occurring amino acid that is found in nearly all foods, especially high protein foods such as dairy products, meat and fish and in many vegetables. Foods often used for their flavouring properties, such as mushrooms and tomatoes, have high levels of naturally occurring glutamate. Monosodium glutamate added to foods produces a flavouring function similar to the glutamate that occurs naturally in foods. It acts as a flavour enhancer and adds a fifth taste, called “umami”, which is best described as a savoury, broth-like or meaty taste." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monosodium_glutamate", "http://www.edenfoods.com/articles/view.php?articles_id=207", "http://culinaryarts.about.com/od/seasoningflavoring/p/msg.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamic_acid_(flavor)", "http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2009/04/21/msg-is-this-silent-killer-lurking-in-your-kitchen-cabinets.aspx", "http://www.fitday.com/fitness-articles/nutrition/healthy-eating/how-to-avoid-foods-with-msg.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamic_acid_(flavor)", "http://healthimpactnews.com/2014/3-types-of-foods-you-probably-didnt-know-have-msg/", "http://healthimpactnews.com/2014/3-types-of-foods-you-probably-didnt-know-have-msg/", "http://www.eufic.org/article/en/artid/monosodium-glutamate/" ] }

[ "Monosodium glutamate (MSG, also known as sodium glutamate) is the sodium salt of glutamic acid, one of the most abundant naturally occurring non-essential amino acids. Glutamate is found in tomatoes, Parmesan cheese, potatoes, mushrooms, and other vegetables and fruits. MSG is used in the food industry as a flavor enhancer with an umami taste that intensifies the meaty, savory flavor of food, as naturally occurring glutamate does in foods such as stews and meat soups. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "MUSHclient supports connecting via Socks 4 and 5 proxy servers. Chat system. MUSHclient has a built-in chat system that is compatible with both MudMaster and zChat protocols. You can use it to both make and receive chat calls to other compatible clients (including MUSHclient of course!). Basically MUDs are text-based multi-player role-playing games. Most are free to play. MUSHclient itself is free and asks for no personal details before downloading it. A list of MUDs you can play is at The MUD Connector (there are over 1,000 of them!).", "Welcome! Supporting all the features you’d expect from a MU* client, like the ability to save, customise and connect to many different worlds, ANSI colours and telnet support, Potato is one of the most actively maintained MUSH Clients available. ", "GGMud-GGMud is a multiplatform opensource MUD client, it has a graphical interface based on GTK with full ANSI support, alias, triggers, highlights, gags, tickcounter with tintin++ compatibility. Actually works on Win32, Linux and MacOSX. This program is born from a merge of SClient and tintin++. MudMaster-The client is 32bit only (win95/NT). It runs in the win32 console mode which makes it quite a bit faster than any GUI client around. It supports actions, aliases, macros, variables, events, gags, highlights, arrays, lists, ANSI color.", "1 If you are upgrading from a version prior to 3.21 then you will need to download an interim version, for example: http://www.gammon.com.au/files/mushclient/mushclient384.exe (1.82 Mb). 2 Use that to open your world files, and then re-save in XML format. 3 That is, just open each world file, and save it. 1 You are strongly advised to backup (make a copy of) your existing MUSHclient world files before upgrading to version 3.21 or higher. 2 Version 4.12 onwards allow for localization (that is, translating resources such as menus, and various messages, into different languages).", "Publisher's Description. From Gammon Software Solutions: This MUD/MUSH/MUCK/MOO client for Windows is written in C++ for high speed and a compact size. It has a large scroll back buffer, command history, aliases, triggers, timers, keypad-navigation, speed-walking, and auto-say. It supports scripting in VBscript, Jscript, PerlScript, and Pyth", "MUSHclient uses the standard Windows look-and-feel. Connecting to a MUD is really simple. Just select Quick Connect on the Connection menu, fill in the MUD's IP address and port number, and click OK! Basically MUDs are text-based multi-player role-playing games. Most are free to play. MUSHclient itself is free and asks for no personal details before downloading it. A list of MUDs you can play is at The MUD Connector (there are over 1,000 of them!).", "The first MUD client with a notable amount of features was Tinytalk by Anton Rang in January 1990, for Unix-like systems. In May 1990 TinyWar 1.1.4 was released by Leo Plotkin which was based on TinyTalk 1.0 and added support for event-driven programming. In September 1990 TinyFugue which was based on TinyWar 1.2.3 and TT 1.1 was released by Greg Hudson and featured more advanced trigger support. Development of TinyFugue was taken over by Ken Keys in 1991. TinyFugue has continued to evolve and remains a popular client today", "1 Use that to open your world files, and then re-save in XML format. 2 That is, just open each world file, and save it. 3 Then version 3.85 onwards will be able to read that world file. 4 You are strongly advised to backup (make a copy of) your existing MUSHclient world files before upgrading to version 3.21 or higher. 1 You are strongly advised to backup (make a copy of) your existing MUSHclient world files before upgrading to version 3.21 or higher. 2 Version 4.12 onwards allow for localization (that is, translating resources such as menus, and various messages, into different languages).", "A typical MUD client. A MUD client is a computer application used to connect to a MUD, a type of multiplayer online game. Generally, a MUD client is a very basic telnet client that lacks VT100 terminal emulation and the capability to perform telnet negotiations. On the other hand, MUD clients are enhanced with various features designed to enhance the gameplay of MUDs. Standard features seen in most MUD clients include ANSI color support, aliases, triggers and scripting. The client can often be extended almost indefinitely with its built-in scripting language. In September 1990 TinyFugue which was based on TinyWar 1.2.3 and TT 1.1 was released by Greg Hudson and featured more advanced trigger support. Development of TinyFugue was taken over by Ken Keys in 1991. TinyFugue has continued to evolve and remains a popular client today for Unix-like systems." ], "url": [ "http://gammon.com.au/mushclient/mushclient.htm", "http://www.potatomushclient.com/", "http://www.mudconnect.com/resources/Mud_Resources:Mud_Clients.html", "http://www.mushclient.com/downloads/dlmushclient.htm", "http://download.cnet.com/MUSHclient/3000-2150_4-10200962.html", "http://gammon.com.au/mushclient/mushclient.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MUD_client", "http://www.mushclient.com/downloads/dlmushclient.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MUD_client" ] }

[ "Publisher's Description. From Gammon Software Solutions: This MUD/MUSH/MUCK/MOO client for Windows is written in C++ for high speed and a compact size. It has a large scroll back buffer, command history, aliases, triggers, timers, keypad-navigation, speed-walking, and auto-say. It supports scripting in VBscript, Jscript, PerlScript, and Pyth" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The Airborne Mission Systems Operator is a vital member of the aircrew team, serving as the go-to source of critical information. In the Air Guard, you’ll receive a regular paycheck, tuition assistance, and more. Career Codes. You could be sitting in your command unit stationed in the United States or flying over enemy territory in a Lockheed E-130. As an Airborne Mission Systems Operator, you’ll have a career that can take you anywhe", "$ 71000 average airborne mission system operator salaries for job postings in united states are the same as average airborne mission system operator salaries for job postings nationwide", "Perform in-flight duties to ensure the successful completion of combat, reconnaissance, transport, and search and rescue missions. ", "Airborne Systems Engineer Salary. Airborne Systems Engineer average salary is $87,246, median salary is $- with a salary range from $85,363 to $89,128. Airborne Systems Engineer salaries are collected from government agencies and companies. Each salary is associated with a real job position. Airborne Systems Engineer salary statistics is not exclusive and is for reference only. They are presented as is and updated regularly.", "I can still recall the nervous feeling in my stomach when I made the call and then popped the question: I'm putting in for a new position, will you b... Going Back to an Old Job Isn't the Worst. Unless you've really burned some bridges, it's possible that you'll eventually return to an old job one day. There are a lot of reasons why this could... How to Network Your Way to a New Job. If you are a job seeker, it pays to look for more than one route to land your job.", "Join LinkedIn. Join LinkedIn to see more Airborne Mission Systems Operator profiles, jobs, and more." ], "url": [ "https://www.goang.com/careers/airborne-mission-systems/1a3x1", "http://www.indeed.com/salary/q-Airborne-Mission-System-Operator-l-United-States.html", "http://www.jobsradar.com/careers/military_skills_translator/air-force-enlisted/2578-airborne-mission-systems-apprentice", "http://www.salarylist.com/jobs/Airborne-Systems-Engineer-Salary.htm", "http://www.payscale.com/research/US/Employer=Raytheon_Space_and_Airborne_Systems/Salary", "https://www.linkedin.com/title/airborne-mission-systems-operator" ] }

[ "$ 71000 average airborne mission system operator salaries for job postings in united states are the same as average airborne mission system operator salaries for job postings nationwide" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "The median hourly wage for customer service representatives was $14.70 in May 2012. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $9.38 per hour, and the top 10 percent earned more than $24.00 per hour. ", "For call center employees who work in customer service, the average pay is $14.36 - but they don't get commission and on occasion may have to deal with extremely difficult callers. If you're bilingual, you can usually earn more. Most call center jobs fall into one of three categories. The most popular is customer service: for example, the people you speak with when you have a problem with your cable. You might also work in inbound sales, where you take calls from people who want to make a purchase.", "(United States). Median pay for Call Center Representatives in the United States is around $12.38 per hour. Cash earnings for Call Center Representatives — which occasionally include more than $3K from bonuses and more than $4K from profit sharing — stretch from around $20K to approximately $38K. While some workers in this profession — about one in four — do not have any health coverage, a fair number do receive medical benefits and a majority have dental insurance. Female Call Center Representatives make up most of the survey respondents at 74 percent.", "(India). A Call Center and Customer Service Executive earns an average salary of Rs 189,943 per year. People in this job generally don't have more than 10 years' experience. Experience strongly influences income for this job. ", "Call center representatives are the people you speak with when you call your bank, order a new sweater from a catalog or make airline reservations. They do everything from assisting people with customer service complaints to making telemarketing calls. Most call center jobs fall into one of three categories. The most popular is customer service: for example, the people you speak with when you have a problem with your cable. You might also work in inbound sales, where you take calls from people who want to make a purchase.", "To be considered for the customer service positions, applicants to the work at home call center jobs must live in Arizona, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Kentucky, Minnesota, North Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia or Wisconsin. Pay and Hours: The hourly pay of a home-based customer service rep is $10/hour with performance-based bonuses and incentives. Hours may vary and both full-and part-time agents may be required to work shifts that include days, afternoons, evenings, weekends, and occasionally overtime.", "Home to some of the best pay for Call Center Representatives, Seattle offers exceptional salaries, 36 percent above the national average. Call Center Representatives will also find cushy salaries in New York (+19 percent), Los Angeles (+13 percent), Chicago (+12 percent), and Charlotte (+10 percent). While some workers in this profession — about one in four — do not have any health coverage, a fair number do receive medical benefits and a majority have dental insurance. Female Call Center Representatives make up most of the survey respondents at 74 percent.", "Work. Customer service representatives averaged $15.92 per hour or $33,120 per year as of May 2011, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. However, the lowest paid 10 percent earned less than $9.44 per hour or $19,620 per year. The highest paid 10 percent made $23.94 per hour or $49,800 per year. They have the power to solve many common customer problems. Customer service representatives averaged $15.92 per hour or $33,120 per year as of May 2011, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. However, the lowest paid 10 percent earned less than $9.44 per hour or $19,62", "Call Center Representative Job Description. On average, call center workers make between $9 and $14 an hour. Most call center workers work in customer service, and many call center jobs offer flexible schedules. Most call center jobs fall into one of three categories. The most popular is customer service: for example, the people you speak with when you have a problem with your cable. You might also work in inbound sales, where you take calls from people who want to make a purchase." ], "url": [ "http://www.bls.gov/ooh/Office-and-Administrative-Support/Customer-service-representatives.htm", "http://www.snagajob.com/job-descriptions/call-center/", "http://www.payscale.com/research/US/Job=Call_Center_Representative/Hourly_Rate", "http://www.payscale.com/research/IN/Job=Call_Center_and_Customer_Service_Executive/Salary", "http://www.snagajob.com/job-descriptions/call-center/", "http://workathomemoms.about.com/od/companieshiringwahms/p/Amazon.htm", "http://www.payscale.com/research/US/Job=Call_Center_Representative/Hourly_Rate", "http://work.chron.com/much-customer-service-representatives-make-6804.html", "http://www.snagajob.com/job-descriptions/call-center/" ] }

[ "Call Center Representative Job Description. On average, call center workers make between $9 and $14 an hour. Most call center workers work in customer service, and many call center jobs offer flexible schedules. Most call center jobs fall into one of three categories. The most popular is customer service: for example, the people you speak with when you have a problem with your cable. You might also work in inbound sales, where you take calls from people who want to make a purchase." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "PVR occurs in about 8–10% of patients undergoing primary retinal detachment surgery and prevents the successful surgical repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. PVR can be treated with surgery to reattach the detached retina but the visual outcome of the surgery is very poor. PVR was originally referred to as massive vitreous retraction and then as massive periretinal proliferation. The name Proliferative vitreo retinopathy was provided in 1989 by the Silicone Oil Study group. A number of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGFβ 2), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and interleukins have been shown to play a role in PVR progression.", "PVR is strictly defined as a complication of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment that is characterized by the formation of membranes on both surfaces of the detached retina and on the posterior surface of the detached vitreous gel. It is manifest by the formation of fibrocellular membranes on the retinal and posterior hyaloid surfaces. Most cells in PVR membranes originate from adjacent retina and the displaced cells synthesize much of the membrane matrix. The membranes have some features in common with healing wounds.", "Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy (PVR) occurs when a scar forms under or on the retina after retinal detachment, preventing the retina from healing and falling back into place. Risk factors for Proliferative vitreoretinopathy PVR include large retina tears or retinal detachment that is not treated early. Bleeding within the eye, increased inflammation from trauma and previous retinal detachment operations also increase the risk.", "diabetic retinopathy retinal manifestations of diabetes mellitus, including microaneurysms and punctate exudates. There are two major forms of diabetic retinopathy, nonproliferative and proliferative. The nonproliferative form is characterized by dilation of the retinal veins and microaneurysms which may leak blood cells and/or plasma, causing internal hemorrhaging or edema in the retina. ", "Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a disease that develops as a complication of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. A number of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGFβ 2), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and interleukins have been shown to play a role in PVR progression.", "Introduction. In 1983, the Retina Society Terminology Committee published a landmark paper in which the term proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) was proposed for a condition that had been recognized as the major cause of failure of retinal detachment surgery. It is manifest by the formation of fibrocellular membranes on the retinal and posterior hyaloid surfaces. Most cells in PVR membranes originate from adjacent retina and the displaced cells synthesize much of the membrane matrix. The membranes have some features in common with healing wounds.", "Norman D. Radtke, MD. Proliferative vitreo-retinopathy (PVR) is the most common cause of failed repair of a retinal detachment and occurs when scar tissue creates traction on the retina. PVR is characterized by proliferation of retinal pigment epithelial cells, glial cells, and inflammatory cells on the surface of the retina and within the vitreous gel. Traction is the key feature in the pathogenesis of PVR. The location, extent and severity of traction vary substantially.", "Proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is the most common complication of a retinal detachment (RD), and occurs in approximately 8-10% of patients who develop an RD. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy, despite the long name, is simply scar tissue formation within the eye. ", "One of the commonest causes of Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is failed repair of retinal detachment. When there is a hole in the retina, cells that normally reside under the retina enter the eyeball and settle on the inner layer of the eye on top of the retina. Risk factors for Proliferative vitreoretinopathy PVR include large retina tears or retinal detachment that is not treated early. Bleeding within the eye, increased inflammation from trauma and previous retinal detachment operations also increase the risk." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proliferative_vitreoretinopathy", "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123742032002669", "http://www.snec.com.sg/eye-conditions-and-treatments/common-eye-conditions-and-procedures/Pages/proliferative-vitreoretinopathy.aspx", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/proliferative+retinopathy", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proliferative_vitreoretinopathy", "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123742032002669", "http://louisvillediabeticeyedoctor.com/diseases-conditions/proliferative-vitreo-retinopathy/", "http://www.brusselsretina.be/fr/pathologies-proliferative-vitreoretinopathy.php", "http://www.snec.com.sg/eye-conditions-and-treatments/common-eye-conditions-and-procedures/Pages/proliferative-vitreoretinopathy.aspx" ] }

[ "PVR occurs in about 8–10% of patients undergoing primary retinal detachment surgery and prevents the successful surgical repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. PVR can be treated with surgery to reattach the detached retina but the visual outcome of the surgery is very poor. PVR was originally referred to as massive vitreous retraction and then as massive periretinal proliferation. The name Proliferative vitreo retinopathy was provided in 1989 by the Silicone Oil Study group. A number of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGFβ 2), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and interleukins have been shown to play a role in PVR progression.", "Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a disease that develops as a complication of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. A number of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGFβ 2), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and interleukins have been shown to play a role in PVR progression." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "FCAT Vocabulary. [em]Figurative & Descriptive language is used in fiction, nonfiction, drama, and poetry.[/em] [b]Figurative language[/b]— Language that involves the use of words and/or phrases that describe one thing in terms of another and that is not meant to be understood on a literal level. [h1]{PAGETITLE}[/h1]. Figurative & Descriptive language is used in fiction, nonfiction, drama, and poetry. Figurative language — Language that involves the use of words and/or phrases that describe one thing in terms of another and that is not meant to be understood on a literal level. Figurative language always involves some sort of imaginative comparison between seemingly unlike things", "Figurative language is the use of words in an unusual or imaginative manner. Often figurative language involves the use of a metaphor, a simile, personification, hyperbole, idiom, a euphemism, and pun. However, as the term figurative language also covers unusual or imaginative word constructions (and not just word meanings), it also includes alliteration, assonance, consonance, and onomatopoeia. When most people think of figurative language, similes and metaphors spring to mind. However, the term figurative language covers a wide range of literary techniques. Here are some examples of figurative language in each of the categories: A metaphor asserts that one thing is something that it literally is not", "Alliteration is a figure of speech that is related to onomatopoeia in that it involves the sense of sound. For an author, representing sounds with words can be quite difficult to do effectively. Alliteration refers to a group of words that start with the same consonant sound. An example of alliteration is “Charlie carefully counted coins,” where the “C” sound is repeated throughout the phrase. Figurative language and figures of speech are used to evoke emotion and to imply meanings in writing by means of making comparisons and allusions to familiar objects and ideas that can help a reader to relate to what the author is trying to say.", "Writing is about conveying messages and stories and in order to do so, authors frequently use figurative language and figures of speech to better relate to their readers. Alliteration is a powerful tool that can add emphasis to phrases, evoke sounds, and provide insight into an author’s words. Figurative language and figures of speech are used to evoke emotion and to imply meanings in writing by means of making comparisons and allusions to familiar objects and ideas that can help a reader to relate to what the author is trying to say.", "Figurative Language Examples. The definition of figurative language is when you describe something by comparing it with something else. There are few different ways to use figurative language. See below for more information and examples of figurative language and how to use it. Remove these ads.", "Whenever you describe something by comparing it with something else, you are using figurative language. A simile uses the words like or as to compare one object or idea with another to suggest they are alike. Alliteration. The repetition of the same initial letter, sound, or group of sounds in a series of words. Alliteration includes tongue twisters. Example: She sells seashells by the seashore.", "Alliteration is a literary device that uses the repetition of the sounds, usually the beginning sounds, of words. Tongue twisters use alliteration, as does a phrase like “wide and wonderful world.” Alliteration creates a mood and shows how an author wants to emphasize certain words and concepts. " ], "url": [ "https://wikis.engrade.com/figurativeanddescriptive", "http://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/figurative_language.htm", "http://figurativelanguage.net/Alliteration.html", "http://figurativelanguage.net/Alliteration.html", "https://kidskonnect.com/language/figurative-language/", "http://languagearts.mrdonn.org/figurative.html", "http://www.k12reader.com/subject/figurative-language-worksheets/alliteration/" ] }

[ "Alliteration is a figure of speech that is related to onomatopoeia in that it involves the sense of sound. For an author, representing sounds with words can be quite difficult to do effectively. Alliteration refers to a group of words that start with the same consonant sound. An example of alliteration is “Charlie carefully counted coins,” where the “C” sound is repeated throughout the phrase. Figurative language and figures of speech are used to evoke emotion and to imply meanings in writing by means of making comparisons and allusions to familiar objects and ideas that can help a reader to relate to what the author is trying to say." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Veins and arteries are both types of blood vessels but arteries carry blood away from the heart to the rest of the body while veins carry blood to the heart from the rest of the body. All arteries except the pulmonary and umbilical arteries carry oxygenated blood while all veins carry deoxygenated blood. Arteries, on the other hand, are classified as systemic (part of the cardiovascular system), pulmonary (carry blood to the lungs), aorta and arterioles. Arteries carry bright red blood as it is oxygenated while veins have the dark red blood. Arteries progressively divide into smaller tubes unlike veins.", "Arteries carry oxygenated blood (with the exception of the pulmonary artery and umbilical artery). Veins carry deoxygenated blood (with the exception of pulmonary veins and umbilical vein). Types of arteries and veins. There are two types of arteries in the body: Pulmonary and systemic. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart, to the lungs, for purification while the systemic arteries form a network of arteries that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to other parts of the body.", "There are two types of blood vessels in the circulatory system of the body: arteries that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to various parts of the body and veins that carry blood towards the heart for purification. Types of arteries and veins. There are two types of arteries in the body: Pulmonary and systemic. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart, to the lungs, for purification while the systemic arteries form a network of arteries that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to other parts of the body.", "Arteries carry blood (with oxygen) from your heart out to your body, while veins carry blood (without oxygen) from your body to your heart. Arteries are strong, flexible blood vessels that are able to expand (get bigger) and contract (get smaller). They expand as your heart beats, and contract between heartbeats. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body, and veins carry oxygen-poor blood back from the body to the heart. Your body also contains other, smaller blood vessels. Here is how blood travels in vessels through the body:", "Veins. Veins carry blood back to the heart. They carry deoxygenated blood away from the body. The blood returning from the body is at a much lower pressure than that being pumped from the heart. Therefore veins do not have to be as strong as arteries. Veins are wider than arteries and have much thinner walls. Look at the image below to see the main difference between arteries and veins.", "In conclusion, the arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, and due to the high pressure of this blood the arteries have thick wall, which contain many muscle fibres. The veins carry deoxygenated blood to the heart and because blood is of a lower pressure, have thinner walls consisting of less muscle fibres. I intend to explore the structure and function of arteries, veins and capillaries. When an artery branches into smaller and smaller vessels, eventually the blood vessel is too small to see with the naked eye. At that point, it is called an arteriole. Likewise, a venule is a microscopic vein.", "The structural differences between arteries and veins are all based in their relationship to the heart. Since arteries receive blood from the heart, the blood they receive is under a lot of pressure. I intend to explore the structure and function of arteries, veins and capillaries. When an artery branches into smaller and smaller vessels, eventually the blood vessel is too small to see with the naked eye. At that point, it is called an arteriole. Likewise, a venule is a microscopic vein.", "Arteries. All blood vessels leading from the heart are called arteries or the blood vessels which carry blood from the heart to various body organs are called arteries. All arteries carry oxygenated blood (pure blood) except pulmonary artery, which carries deoxygenated blood. In closed circulatory system blood is circulated through closed vessels such as arteries, veins and capillaries. 1. Vessels which carry blood from the heart to various body parts. 2. Arteries carry oxygenated blood from the heart except pulmonary artery.", "The chief difference between arteries and veins is the job that they do. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body, and veins carry oxygen-poor blood back from the body to the heart. Your body also contains other, smaller blood vessels. Here is how blood travels in vessels through the body:" ], "url": [ "http://www.differencebetween.net/science/health/difference-between-veins-and-arteries/", "http://www.diffen.com/difference/Arteries_vs_Veins", "http://www.diffen.com/difference/Arteries_vs_Veins", "https://www.sharecare.com/health/circulatory-system-health/what-difference-between-an-artery-and-a-vein", "http://passmyexams.co.uk/GCSE/biology/veins.html", "http://www.markedbyteachers.com/gcse/science/the-structure-and-function-of-arteries-veins-and-capillaries.html", "http://www.markedbyteachers.com/gcse/science/the-structure-and-function-of-arteries-veins-and-capillaries.html", "http://www.majordifferences.com/2013/02/difference-between-artery-and-vein.html", "https://www.sharecare.com/health/circulatory-system-health/what-difference-between-an-artery-and-a-vein" ] }

[ "Veins. Veins carry blood back to the heart. They carry deoxygenated blood away from the body. The blood returning from the body is at a much lower pressure than that being pumped from the heart. Therefore veins do not have to be as strong as arteries. Veins are wider than arteries and have much thinner walls. Look at the image below to see the main difference between arteries and veins." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Cats can be spayed or neutered at 4 months. By this age, cats should have received their immunizations and been treated for common parasites, thus making them good candidates for elective procedures. Declawing can be done as early as 3 months of age.", "However a cat can be safely spayed or neutered at any age, so even older adopted cats should have this procedure. Some rescue organizations participate in a “catch and release” program where homeless cats are captured, neutered or spayed and released.", "Although there are always variations, cats can have their first heat as early as 4 months old, and dogs can have their first heat as early as 5 to 6 months old; and if they can come into heat, they can get pregnant! With 50% of litters being accidents, you can see how unwanted litters can add up quickly.", "All cats and kittens should be either spayed or neutered unless the owner is in the business of raising purebred cats. The days of letting the family cat have a litter of kittens so that kids could observe the miracle of birth are long gone.", "Spaying Ages. While spaying is traditionally recommended for kitties between 4 and 6 months of age, spaying as young as 8 weeks old is considered safe, according to Cat Channel. Many animal shelters actually spay kitties prior to adopting them out at this age.", "Today some vets will spay/neuter at eight weeks of age, while other adhere to the old practice of six months of age. The average age at which pets are spayed or neutered is four months. Adolescent cats and dogs as young as five months can get pregnant.", "Spaying (ovario-hysterectomy) The surgical removal of the reproductive organs (ovaries, uterus, and fallopian tubes) of a female animal. Puppies and kittens of both sexes should be spayed or neutered by 6 months of age. Female cats can go into estrus ('heat') at as young as 4 months. More and more veterinarians are performing early-age spay/ neuter procedures on animals as young as 8 weeks of age, to ensure the animal will never be at risk of accidental pregnancy or able to impregnate.", "For many years, veterinarians were taught that cats and dogs had to be a year old to be spayed or neutered. Later, they were taught that six months was appropriate. Today we know that kittens and pups can be spayed or neutered at the age of two months (or two pounds)." ], "url": [ "http://catclinicofstillwater.com/faq.html", "http://www.catster.com/cat-health-care/when_to_spay_neuter", "http://www.whentospay.org/get-the-facts", "http://www.catster.com/cat-health-care/when_to_spay_neuter", "http://pets.thenest.com/age-spay-female-cat-6302.html", "http://www.spayusa.org/pet-owners-faq.php", "http://www.friendsofanimals.org/programs/spaying-neutering/dont-delay-neuter-or-spay", "http://www.spayusa.org/pet-owners-faq.php" ] }

[ "Spaying Ages. While spaying is traditionally recommended for kitties between 4 and 6 months of age, spaying as young as 8 weeks old is considered safe, according to Cat Channel. Many animal shelters actually spay kitties prior to adopting them out at this age." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A contractor will charge $306 to remove two layers of wallpaper from a 10-by-12-foot room or about 320 sqare feet if you allow for a window and door. This includes the labor and material.", "1 Many contractors will want to remove a small test area before submitting a quote. 2 Whatever the pricing method, the if-all-goes-well cost for hiring someone to remove the wallpaper from a 12-by-15-foot room runs around $250-$450 but can go $500-$1,000 or more if there are complications.", "Poured retaining walls with elaborate curves require complex formwork and will drive up cost for a wall. The total cost to have a concrete retaining wall installed will be a combination of material and labor prices. For a basic wall you can expect to pay between $30 and $40 per square foot. If you add a decorative finish, curves, steps, lighting or other upgrades, the cost will rise.", "1 Some contractors have a minimum fee of $1,500-$3,000, no matter how small the job is. 2 And a complete removal in a 1,500 square foot home with asbestos everywhere--walls, floors, ceilings, attic, roof, pipes--could be as high as $20,000-$30,000.", "1 Walls/Wallpapering. Cost to Remove a Wall. Find the average cost to remove a wall yourself compared with hiring a contractor. Use your ZIP Code to adjust the cost to where you live so you can decide to do it yourself or hire a pro to do the job. Learn what to consider and the steps involved.", "$1.84. Get an INSTANT estimate of the cost to Remove Wallpaper! Our free calculator uses recent, trusted data to estimate costs for your Wallpaper Removal project. For a basic 125 square feet project in zip code 47474, the benchmark cost to Remove Wallpaper ranges between $0.70 - $1.84 per square foot* ." ], "url": [ "http://www.diyornot.com/Project.aspx?ndx2=13&Rcd=3", "http://home.costhelper.com/remove-wallpaper.html", "http://www.concretenetwork.com/concrete/poured_concrete_retaining_walls/cost.html", "http://home.costhelper.com/asbestos-removal.html", "http://www.diyornot.com/Project.aspx?ndx2=13&Rcd=229", "http://www.homewyse.com/services/cost_to_remove_wallpaper.html" ] }

[ "1 Some contractors have a minimum fee of $1,500-$3,000, no matter how small the job is. 2 And a complete removal in a 1,500 square foot home with asbestos everywhere--walls, floors, ceilings, attic, roof, pipes--could be as high as $20,000-$30,000." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. The main response of the immune system to tumors is to destroy the abnormal cells using killer T cells, sometimes with the assistance of helper T cells. Tumor antigens are presented on MHC class I molecules in a similar way to viral antigens. This allows killer T cells to recognize the tumor cell as abnormal.", "The immune system is a collection of billions of cells that travel through the bloodstream. They move in and out of tissues and organs, defending the body against foreign bodies (antigens), such as bacteria, viruses and cancerous cells. There are two types of lymphocytes : ", "The immune system protects the body against illness and infection caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. It is really a collection of reactions and responses that the body makes to damaged cells or infection. The bone marrow makes blood cells that help to fight infection. Weakening of the immune system happens most often in leukaemia or lymphoma. But it can happen with other cancers too. The cancer in the bone marrow stops the bone marrow making so many blood cells.", "Immune System The immune system is a network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from infection. Although scientists have learned much about the immune system, they continue to study how the body targets invading microbes, infected cells, and tumors while ignoring healthy tissues. ", "Inside your body there is an amazing protectio­n mechanism called the immune system. It is designed to defend you against millions of bacteria, microbes, viruses, toxins and parasites that would love to invade your body. To understand the power of the immune system, all that you have to do is look at what happens to anything once it dies.", "Your immune system is the network of cells and tissues throughout your body that work together to defend you from invasion and infection. You can think of it as having two parts: the acquired and the innate immune systems. The acquired (or adaptive) immune system develops as a person grows. ", "The immune system is made up of a complex and vital network of cells and organs that protect the body from infection. Click Image to Enlarge. The organs involved with the immune system are called the lymphoid organs. They affect growth, development, and the release of lymphocytes (a certain type of white blood cell). The immune system keeps infectious microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, out of the body. It also destroys any infectious microorganisms that do invade the body.", "Zinc. Zinc is a trace element essential for cells of the immune system, and zinc deficiency affects the ability of T cells and other immune cells to function as they should. Caution: While it's important to have sufficient zinc in your diet (15–25 mg per day), too much zinc can inhibit the function of the immune system. The idea of boosting your immunity is enticing, but the ability to do so has proved elusive for several reasons. The immune system is precisely that — a system, not a single entity. To function well, it requires balance and harmony.", "When the immune system does not function properly, a number of diseases can occur. Allergies and hypersensitivity to certain substances are considered immune system disorders. In addition, the immune system plays a role in the rejection process of transplanted organs or tissue. The immune system keeps infectious microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, out of the body. It also destroys any infectious microorganisms that do invade the body.", "What the immune system does. The immune system protects the body against illness and infection caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. It is really a collection of reactions and responses that the body makes to damaged cells or infection. So it is sometimes called the immune response. The bone marrow makes blood cells that help to fight infection. Weakening of the immune system happens most often in leukaemia or lymphoma. But it can happen with other cancers too. The cancer in the bone marrow stops the bone marrow making so many blood cells." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_system", "http://www.simplypsychology.org/stress-immune.html", "http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/what-is-cancer/body-systems-and-cancer/the-immune-system-and-cancer", "http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/immuneSystem/Pages/default.aspx", "http://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/immune/immune-system.htm", "http://niams.nih.gov/health_info/Autoimmune/", "http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=90&ContentID=P01665", "http://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/how-to-boost-your-immune-system", "http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=90&ContentID=P01665", "http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/what-is-cancer/body-systems-and-cancer/the-immune-system-and-cancer" ] }

[ "The immune system protects the body against illness and infection caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. It is really a collection of reactions and responses that the body makes to damaged cells or infection. The bone marrow makes blood cells that help to fight infection. Weakening of the immune system happens most often in leukaemia or lymphoma. But it can happen with other cancers too. The cancer in the bone marrow stops the bone marrow making so many blood cells." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "DNA. deoxyribonucleic acid: an extremely long, double-stranded nucleic acid molecule arranged as a double helix that is the main constituent of the chromosome and that carries the genes as segments along its strands: found chiefly in the chromatin of cells and in many viruses. [1930–35].", "DNA. Short for deoxyribonucleic acid. The nucleic acid that is the genetic material determining the makeup of all living cells and many viruses. It consists of two strands of nucleotides linked together in a structure resembling a ladder twisted into a spiral.", "Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA is a molecule that contains the instructions an organism needs to develop, live and reproduce. These instructions are found inside every cell, and are passed down from parents to their children.", "DNA. Definition. noun. A double-stranded nucleic acid that contains the genetic information for cell growth, division, and function. Supplement. Structure: DNA is composed of two strands that twist together to form a helix.", "(The other is RNA. In humans DNA is the genetic material; RNA is transcribed from it. In some other organisms, RNA is the genetic material and, in reverse fashion, the DNA is transcribed from it.). DNA is a double-stranded molecule held together by weak hydrogen bonds between base pairs of nucleotides.", "By Regina Bailey. Definition: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a type of macromolecule known as a nucleic acid. It is shaped like a twisted double helix and is composed of long strands of alternating sugars and phosphate groups, along with nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine).", "Definition of DNA for Kids. : a large organic molecule that carries genetic information in the chromosomes and resembles a twisted ladder." ], "url": [ "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/DNA", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/DNA", "http://www.livescience.com/37247-dna.html", "http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/DNA", "http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3090", "http://biology.about.com/od/geneticsglossary/g/DNA.htm", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/DNA" ] }

[ "DNA. Definition. noun. A double-stranded nucleic acid that contains the genetic information for cell growth, division, and function. Supplement. Structure: DNA is composed of two strands that twist together to form a helix." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Just one US dollar is equivalent to approximately 62 Indian rupees, and conversely 1 rupee is equivalent to $0.02. Indians use the word Lakh to denote 1,000,000. 10 lakh in Indian Rupees is 1,000,000 Rupees. Depending on the daily exchange rate, it would convert to different amounts of USD every day.", "The terms lakh (100,000 – that is to say 1,00,000 in the Indian system) and crore (10,000,000 – that is to say 1,00,00,000 in the Indian system) are used in Indian English to express large numbers. 1 In Telugu, a lakh is called లక్ష laksha and a crore is called కోటి koti. 2 In Urdu, a lakh is called لاکھ lākh and a crore is called کروڑ karoṛ. 3 Lakh has entered the Swahili language as laki and is in common use. 4 In Burmese, crore is called ကုဋေ [ɡəde] . ɡədè", "lakh. n. Chiefly South Asian. 1. One hundred thousand: created three lakh jobs; worth one lakh fifty thousand rupees. ", "Million. To convert a Rupee amount (given in Crores), into its corresponding Dollar amount in Millions, divide the rupee Amount by Spot Rate, the Current Dollar Rupee rate multiplied by 10. Thus, Rs 4 Cr = Rs 4,00,00,000/- = 4,00,00,000 / 40 = USD 1 million (assuming the Dollar Rupee Spot rate to be Rs. ", "A lakh or lac (/ˈlaek/ ˈlæk /or/ ; ˈlɑːk Abbreviated) l is a unit in The indian numbering system equal to one hundred (100,000; 100000 scientific: notation 10). 5 in The indian convention of digit, grouping it is written as,1,00. 000 It is widely used both in official and other contexts in Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. It is often used in Indian, Pakistani, and Sri Lankan English. In Pakistan, the word lakh is used mostly in local languages rather than in English media.", "The Indian numbering system is used in India as well as in Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. It is based on the Vedic numbering system in which numbers over 9,999 are written in two-digit groups (or a mix of two-and three-digit groups) rather than the three-digit groups used in most other parts of the world. 1 In Telugu, a lakh is called లక్ష laksha and a crore is called కోటి koti. 2 In Urdu, a lakh is called لاکھ lākh and a crore is called کروڑ karoṛ. 3 Lakh has entered the Swahili language as laki and is in common use. 4 In Burmese, crore is called ကုဋေ [ɡəde] . ɡədè", "In the Indian convention of digit grouping, it is written as 1,00,000. For example, in India 150,000 rupees becomes 1.5 lakh rupees, written as ₹ 1,50,000 or INR 1,50,000. It is widely used both in official and other contexts in Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. It is often used in Indian, Pakistani, and Sri Lankan English. In Pakistan, the word lakh is used mostly in local languages rather than in English media." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/10_lakh_equal_how_many_us_dollars", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Numbering_System", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/lakh", "http://www.kshitij.com/utilities/LnCtoMnB.shtml", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakh", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Numbering_System", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakh" ] }

[]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "deposition. DEPOSITION, evidence. The testimony of a witness reduced to writing, in due form of law, taken by virtue of a commission or other authority of a competent tribunal. 2. Before it is taken, the witness ought to be sworn or affirmed to declare the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth.", "deposition. noun de·po·si·tion \\ˌde-pə-ˈzi-shən, ˌdē-pə-\\. Tweet. law: a formal statement that someone who has promised to tell the truth makes so that the statement can be used in court; especially: a formal statement that is made before a trial by a witness who will not be present at the trial.", "The sworn testimony of a witness taken before trial held out of court with no judge present. The witness is placed under oath to tell the truth and lawyers for each party may ask questions. The questions and answers are recorded. When a person is unavailable to testify at trial, the deposition of that person may be used. Part of the pre-trial discovery (fact-finding) process. The testimony of a witness reduced to writing in due form of law, taken by virtue of a commission or other authority of a competent tribunal.", "Deposition testimony is taken orally, with an attorney asking questions and the deponent (the individual being questioned) answering while a court reporter or tape recorder (or sometimes both) records the testimony.", "A deposition is witness's sworn out-of-court testimony. It used to gather information as part of the discovery process and, in limited circumstances, may be used at trial. The witness being deposed is called the deponent.. Depositions usually do not directly involve the court.", "noun. A deposition is given before a case goes to court. A deposition is given before a case goes to court. Deposition is defined as the removal from an office or the testimony of a witness under oath." ], "url": [ "http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Deposition", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/deposition", "http://www.lectlaw.com/def/d041.htm", "http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Deposition", "https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/deposition", "http://www.yourdictionary.com/deposition" ] }

[ "deposition. noun de·po·si·tion \\ˌde-pə-ˈzi-shən, ˌdē-pə-\\. Tweet. law: a formal statement that someone who has promised to tell the truth makes so that the statement can be used in court; especially: a formal statement that is made before a trial by a witness who will not be present at the trial." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Tears are produced by the lacrimal gland and the accessory lacrimal glands and cover the cornea. Tears then drain out the punctum in the medial eyelids, flow down the canalicu … li into the lacrimal sac. Tears are secreted by the lacrimal glands. tears The secretions of the lacrimal gland are more commonly known as TEARS. The lacrimal gland is what produces the tears that lubr … icate and clean your eye. Tears. 1 person found this useful.", "lacrimal apparatus, a network of structures of the eye that secrete tears and drain them from the surface of the eyeball. These parts include the lacrimal glands, lacrimal ducts, lacrimal canals, lacrimal sacs, and nasolacrimal ducts. lacrimal apparatus. a group of organs concerned with the production and drainage of tears; it is a nutritive and protective device that helps keep the eye moist and free of dust and other irritating particles. Includes lacrimal gland, accessory lacrimal glands, third eyelid glands and the nasolacrimal duct", "The Lacrimal gland is responsible for the production of tears. There are two of these glands, located above the outer corners of each eye. While these glands produce tears … , there is a series of ducts, canals, and sacs that help transport the tears. Mil Toques. Tears are secreted by the lacrimal glands. tears The secretions of the lacrimal gland are more commonly known as TEARS. The lacrimal gland is what produces the tears that lubr … icate and clean your eye. Tears. 1 person found this useful.", "The lacrimal glands are paired almond-shaped glands, one for each eye, that secrete the aqueous layer of the tear film. They are situated in the upper, outer portion of each orbit, in the lacrimal fossa of the orbit formed by the frontal bone. Inflammation of the lacrimal glands is called dacryoadenitis. The lacrimal gland produces tears which then flow into canals that lead to the lacrimal sac. From this sac, the tears drain through the lacrimal duct into the nose. Anatomists divide the gland into two section", "Structure. The lacrimal apparatus consists of the lacrimal gland, which secretes tears, and the series of drainage channels that carry the tears into the nose. The lacrimal gland is about the size of an almond and is nestled within a bony depression in the roof of the orbit at it outer edge. The gland has many lobes, each of which can be considered a small factory for producing tears.", "The lacrimal gland produces lacrimal fluid (tears), which moisten the surface of the eye, lubricate eyelids and wash away foreign bodies. Tears contain lysosomes, which are capable of breaking up bacteria and foreign bodies. ", "Medical Definition of LACRIMAL GLAND. : an acinous gland that is about the size and shape of an almond, secretes tears, and is situated laterally and superiorly to the bulb of the eye in a shallow depression on the inner surface of the frontal bone—called also tear gland. What made you want to look up lacrimal gland? ", "Transport of IgA. Another major function of the lacrimal gland acinar cells is to move dimeric IgA from the interstitial fluid into the tear ducts and thus onto the ocular surface. IgA is produced by plasma cells resident in the lacrimal gland. The nature of tear fluid. The fluid secreted by the lacrimal glands is a complex solution of ions and proteins produced by two resident secretory cell populations: the plasma cells of the immune system and the acinar and duct cells of the secretory epithelium of the gland." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_functions_of_lacrimal_gland", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/lacrimal+apparatus", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_functions_of_lacrimal_gland", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacrimal_gland", "http://www.eyepedia.co.uk/eyes-vision/eye-anatomy/external-eye/lacrimal-apparatus/", "http://www.emergencymedicalparamedic.com/what-is-the-function-of-the-lacrimal-gland/", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/lacrimal%20gland", "http://physiologyonline.physiology.org/content/13/2/97" ] }

[ "The lacrimal gland produces lacrimal fluid (tears), which moisten the surface of the eye, lubricate eyelids and wash away foreign bodies. Tears contain lysosomes, which are capable of breaking up bacteria and foreign bodies. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "How They Work. The drugs that suppress menstrual periods are birth control pills. One type known as extended-cycle makes the time between your periods longer. Another kind, continuous birth control, stops your period for a year without any breaks. Both contain pills with hormones that you take months at a time. These differ from a packet of 28-day birth control pills, which has 21 pills with hormones in them and seven pills with no hormones. ", "1 When you stop taking it, you will get your period within 2 to 3 days. 2 However, this is not 100% effective. 3 Women have reported bleeding or spotting while taking progestogen pills. 4 There are now contraceptive shots and even contraceptive implants that stop your period altogether for months in a row. 1 There are in fact contraceptive pills made specifically to stop your period. 2 They are called extended-cycle pills. 3 You would normally take these continuously for three to six months, and then take placebos for a week during which you would get", "1 Then there is the hormone progestogen, available in pill form under several brands. 2 You’ll have to take it thrice a day for as long as you want to not have your period. 3 When you stop taking it, you will get your period within 2 to 3 days. 4 However, this is not 100% effective. 1 There are in fact contraceptive pills made specifically to stop your period. 2 They are called extended-cycle pills. 3 You would normally take these continuously for three to six months, and then take placebos for a week during which you would get", "Best Answer: There are many different pills out there. Loestrin24 gives you a period for only 4 days a month. Seasonale or Seasonique will give you 4 periods a year. I used to take a typical 21 active pill BC, my doctor simply had me not take the sugar pills. I would have 1 period a year (just to clean everything out). There is actually now a pill out there that has no sugar pills, its called Lybrel. Is there a pill yet to stop your period? Birth control im talking about, because everyone has always told me about the sugar pills in the cycle of birth control pill.", "If you don't get a period for several months, you may have what's known as post-pill amenorrhea. The pill prevents your body from making hormones involved in ovulation and menstruation. When you stop taking the pill, it can take some time for your body to return to normal production of these hormones. But it's possible to prevent your period with continuous use of any birth control pill. This means skipping the placebo pills and starting right away on a new pack. Continuous use of your birth control pills works best if you're taking a monophasic pill — with the same hormone dose in the three weeks of active pills.", "Report Abuse. I've never heard of any pills that stop your period once it has started, but the contraceptive pill or injection can regulate periods. I think most combined contraceptive pills now mean that you take them for 21 days, then have a 7 day break. This is when your period will start. If I can remember right, you take it a few days before your period is due and it stops your period. Although you have to carry on taking it for the duration of your hol. Once you're back from you're hol...stop...and your period will start. So there is an answer besides the pill. Try it." ], "url": [ "http://www.webmd.com/sex/birth-control/features/no-more-periods", "http://www.glamcheck.com/health/2011/08/04/how-to-stop-your-period/", "http://www.glamcheck.com/health/2011/08/04/how-to-stop-your-period/", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090120184540AAWOrXF", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/birth-control/in-depth/birth-control-pill/art-20045136", "https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080716121038AAg4ZU9" ] }

[ "1 When you stop taking it, you will get your period within 2 to 3 days. 2 However, this is not 100% effective. 3 Women have reported bleeding or spotting while taking progestogen pills. 4 There are now contraceptive shots and even contraceptive implants that stop your period altogether for months in a row. 1 There are in fact contraceptive pills made specifically to stop your period. 2 They are called extended-cycle pills. 3 You would normally take these continuously for three to six months, and then take placebos for a week during which you would get" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Tigers are massive land mammals. tiger image by Earl Robbins from Fotolia.com. The tiger is indeed a mammal, and it's a large one. This member of the cat family is one of the most recognizable animals on the planet, both for its distinctive striped fur and its intimidating size.", "Mammals that eat meat are called carnivores. Carnivores include lions, tigers, seals, and the largest carnivore mammal which is the polar bear. Mammals that eat only plants are called herbivores. Some herbivores are cows, elephants, and giraffes. Mammals that eat both meat and plants are called omnivores.", "Is a saber-toothed tiger a mammal? yes the saber toothed cat is a decendant of the miacid which was a small fury mammal that lived 60 million years ago. all mammals such as tigers, lions, dogs, even monkeys are … thought of all to come from the miacid.", "A Big Cat. Tigers are, in fact, enormous cats. Their impressive size cannot be stressed enough -- these aren't your average house cat, or even your average wild cat. They are the largest species of cat on the planet, and after the polar bear and the brown bear, they are the largest land carnivores.", "Living on land has nothing to do with being a mammal. Dolphins are mammals and they live in the water. Geckos live on land and are NOT mammal … s. Mammals are warm blooded, hairy, and give birth to live young, among other traits. And yes, White Tigers (as well as all other cats) are mammals.", "No, A tiger is a mammal because it produces milk and gives birth to live young.", "Bengal Tiger. The Tiger is one of the big four in the cat world. Tigers are native to Asia, and are a predator cat. They are the largest cat in the world.", "A tiger's roar can be heard as far as 2 mi (3 km) away. Size relative to a 6-ft (2-m) man: Tigers are the largest members of the cat family and are renowned for their power and strength. There were eight tiger subspecies at one time, but three became extinct during the 20th century." ], "url": [ "http://animals.mom.me/tiger-mammal-1069.html", "http://www.ducksters.com/animals/mammals.php", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Is_a_tiger_a_mammal", "http://animals.mom.me/tiger-mammal-1069.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Is_a_tiger_a_mammal", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Is_a_tiger_a_mammal_a_reptile_or_an_amphibian", "http://www.itsnature.org/ground/mammals-land/bengal-tiger/", "http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/bengal-tiger/" ] }

[ "No, A tiger is a mammal because it produces milk and gives birth to live young." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Singapore has a tropical rainforest climate with that is always hot and humid with lot of rains. Temperatures during day time drift continuously around 30°C, while night time temperature drops below 23°C and the high humidity makes this uncomfortable; tropical conditions take some time to acclimatise to. With almost no seasonal differences Singapore experiences a tropical rainforest climate, which remains hot, humid always. During the day temperatures usually stands 30°C, while nighttime temperature hardly falls below 23°C.", "Singapore's close proximity to the equator means that its temperature and humidity remain relatively even throughout the year. Its average daytime temperatures are around 87 degrees Fahrenheit, varying only slightly between annual high temperatures of 90 degrees and low temperatures of 84 degrees. The hottest weather occurs in April. High humidity is a constant in Singapore, with an average relative humidity level of around 84 percent. On rainy days, the relative humidity remains at around 100 percent. ", "Daily rainfall, temperature, relative humidity and wind data at various locations across Singapore are available at http://www.weather.gov.sg/ climate-historical-daily/. For other types of data, NEA charges an administrative fee for the extraction, preparation and verification of data. ", "Singapore: Annual Weather Averages. February is the hottest month in Singapore with an average temperature of 27°C (81°F) and the coldest is January at 26°C (79°F) with the most daily sunshine hours at 9 in September. The wettest month is December with an average of 269mm of rain. ", "You can jump directly to data and descriptions for: Temperature Rain Sun Humidity Wind Storms. The numbers here are long-term historical averages based on climate data gathered at Singapore's Changi International Airport. Sunlight in Singapore averages 12 hours and 7 minutes a day. That amounts to 4423 hours of daylight in a year. The shortest days of the year in mid December have 12 hours and 3 minutes of daylight. The year's longest days in mid June last 12:12 from sunrise to sunset.", "average humidity. The annual averages for relative humidity in Singapore range throughout the day from a maximum of 96 percent to a minimum of 64 percent. Humidity levels are fairly steady in Singapore, year round. Overall, December is the city's most humid month. Sunlight in Singapore averages 12 hours and 7 minutes a day. That amounts to 4423 hours of daylight in a year. The shortest days of the year in mid December have 12 hours and 3 minutes of daylight. The year's longest days in mid June last 12:12 from sunrise to sunset.", "Best time to visit : Located just north of the equator, Singapore has a tropical climate and stays hot and humid throughout the year. Temperatures average around 31º C (88º F) during the day with little seasonal variation, although it’s slightly cooler in December and January, and hottest in April and May. ", "This report describes the typical weather at the Paya Lebar Air Base (RSAF) (Singapore) weather station over the course of an average year. It is based on the historical records from 1999 to 2012. Earlier records are either unavailable or unreliable. Singapore has a tropical rainforest climate with no dry season. The area within 25 mi of this station is covered by croplands (45%), oceans and seas (41%), built-up areas (6%), shrublands (3%), and grasslands (3%). ", "The annual averages for relative humidity in Singapore range throughout the day from a maximum of 96 percent to a minimum of 64 percent. Sunlight in Singapore averages 12 hours and 7 minutes a day. That amounts to 4423 hours of daylight in a year. The shortest days of the year in mid December have 12 hours and 3 minutes of daylight. The year's longest days in mid June last 12:12 from sunrise to sunset." ], "url": [ "http://www.worldweatheronline.com/Singapore-weather-averages/SG.aspx", "http://traveltips.usatoday.com/weather-climate-singapore-43250.html", "http://www.nea.gov.sg/weather-climate/climate-information/singapore's-climate-information-data", "http://www.holiday-weather.com/singapore/averages/", "http://www.currentresults.com/Weather/Singapore/weather-averages.php", "http://www.currentresults.com/Weather/Singapore/weather-averages.php", "http://www.worldtravelguide.net/singapore/weather-climate-geography", "https://weatherspark.com/averages/34047/Singapore", "http://www.currentresults.com/Weather/Singapore/weather-averages.php" ] }

[ "Singapore's close proximity to the equator means that its temperature and humidity remain relatively even throughout the year. Its average daytime temperatures are around 87 degrees Fahrenheit, varying only slightly between annual high temperatures of 90 degrees and low temperatures of 84 degrees. The hottest weather occurs in April. High humidity is a constant in Singapore, with an average relative humidity level of around 84 percent. On rainy days, the relative humidity remains at around 100 percent. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Is the FDA too cozy with the industry it regulates? Critics of the 1992 Prescription Drug User Fee Act argue that industry funding of the drug review and approval process gives pharmaceutical companies, and their lobbying arm, PhRMA, too much influence. So the attitude by the leaders there [is], avoid conflict -- and avoiding conflict means doing what the industry wants. A third way in which the industry's influence has been allowed to grow considerably is the absence of congressional oversight.", "Ireland is one of the leading locations for the pharmaceutical industry in Europe. For a country of just 4.5 million people, Ireland punches well above its weight and is undoubtedly a world player in pharmaceutical production. The pharmaceutical industry in Ireland comprises a mix of international and local companies. Approximately 120 overseas companies have plants in Ireland including 9 of the 10 largest pharmaceutical companies in the world. The pharmaceutical industry is relatively new to the Irish economy", "The modern pharmaceutical industry traces its roots to two sources. The first of these were local apothecaries that expanded from their traditional role distributing botanical drugs such as morphine and quinine to wholesale manufacture in the mid 1800s. IMS Health publishes an analysis of trends expected in the pharmaceutical industry in 2007, including increasing profits in most sectors despite loss of some patents, and new 'blockbuster' drugs on the horizon.", "Working with plant-and chemical-based compounds, pharmaceutical companies work their mojo to make medicines that cure some diseases, manage others, and protect us from infection in the first place. Big Pharma includes a handful of major companies that dominate the industry. While many of these firms also produce animal health products, livestock feed supplements, vitamins, and a host of other goods, this profile will focus solely on their drug products used to treat human illness.", "The pharmaceutical industry develops, produces, and markets drugs or pharmaceuticals for use as medications. Pharmaceutical companies may deal in generic or brand medications and medical devices. IMS Health publishes an analysis of trends expected in the pharmaceutical industry in 2007, including increasing profits in most sectors despite loss of some patents, and new 'blockbuster' drugs on the horizon.", "Pharmaceuticals is a knowledge-based, technology-intensive industry that is uniquely placed to develop and commercialise the outcomes of Australia’s long term investment in medical research. The Australian pharmaceuticals industry comprises bio-medical research, biotechnology firms, originator and generic medicines companies and service-related segments including wholesaling and distribution. With exports of $3.9 billion in 2012-13, pharmaceuticals were one of Australia’s major manufactured exports.", "Specialty drugs, a recent classification of pharmaceuticals, are high-cost drugs that are often biologics. Gene-based and cellular biologics, for example, often are at the forefront of biomedical research, and may be used to treat a variety of medical conditions for which no other treatments are available. A biopharmaceutical, also known as a biologic medical product or biologic, is any medicinal product manufactured in, extracted from, or semisynthesized from biological sources.", "The output of the pharmaceutical industry in 1965 was 2.8 times greater than in 1958. During the eighth five year plan (1966–70) industry output increased by a factor of 1.8, and more than 200 new drugs went into production. There was no pharmaceutical industry in the European socialist countries before World War II, other than small semicottage enterprises in Hungary and Czechoslovakia that manufactured alkaloids and packaged imported drugs.", "In the UK, for example, there was widespread anger when the industry regulator predicted energy companies' profit margins would grow from 4% to 8% this year. Last year, five pharmaceutical companies made a profit margin of 20% or more-Pfizer, Hoffmann-La Roche, AbbVie, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) and Eli Lilly. ", "The pharmaceutical industry's influence gets exerted in a number of ways. One, starting 10 years ago [with the Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA)], the influence was exerted by their directly funding, paying cash right up front, for FDA review. So the attitude by the leaders there [is], avoid conflict -- and avoiding conflict means doing what the industry wants. A third way in which the industry's influence has been allowed to grow considerably is the absence of congressional oversight." ], "url": [ "http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/prescription/hazard/independent.html", "http://www.ipha.ie/alist/contribution-to-the-irish-economy.aspx", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry", "https://www.wetfeet.com/articles/industry-overview-pharmaceuticals-and-biotech", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry", "http://www.industry.gov.au/industry/IndustrySectors/PharmaceuticalsandHealthTechnologies/Pharmaceuticals/Pages/default.aspx", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biopharmaceutical", "http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/pharmaceutical+industry", "http://www.bbc.com/news/business-28212223", "http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/prescription/hazard/independent.html" ] }

[ "The pharmaceutical industry develops, produces, and markets drugs or pharmaceuticals for use as medications. Pharmaceutical companies may deal in generic or brand medications and medical devices. IMS Health publishes an analysis of trends expected in the pharmaceutical industry in 2007, including increasing profits in most sectors despite loss of some patents, and new 'blockbuster' drugs on the horizon." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Small portions. As Mireille Guiliano famously noted in her best-selling book, French Women Don’t Get Fat, the French eat in small portions. They savor their food and eat slowly, using proper table manners. Food in France is also more of an event.", "What struck me was how thin all of the French people were, and this was in contrast to the Tahitian population who is, let’s say, well built. In general, French people are thin. France has the lowest obesity rates in all of Europe — by a wide margin. The women are thin.", "Still, says Benchetrit, many French women have a mindset that helps them stay slender. French women refuse to accept being overweight, says Benchetrit, director of the Clinique du Poids weight loss clinic in Paris.", "FRENCH WOMEN DON'T GET FAT. The grandmaman of the 'learn from the French' genre, this purports to unlock the key to how, despite eating mounds of cheese and foie gras, French women retain their figures. Author Mireille Guiliano claims that while they don’t forbid themselves anything, they eat it in moderation.", "wafer-thin slices of bread. [majority] infime. Translation English-French Collins Dictionary &nbsp. See also: thin out, thin down, think, thing. thin. thin. adj. mince; d'epaisseur. épaisseur", "Over the last month I have seen an increase in views for these Thin and Crispy French Fries. So much so that I thought it must be time for a new Transformation Tuesday & a complete makeover of this post. While the recipe remains the same, I have updated the pictures & formatted the recipe to my newer format. The description is in the name of these french fries. They really are Thin and Crispy French Fries!" ], "url": [ "http://ashleyabroad.com/2012/09/29/how-the-french-stay-thin/", "http://renegadehealth.com/blog/2015/04/20/why-french-people-are-thin", "http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=62088", "http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2530026/Parisian-women-spill-beans-dangers-fat-female-French.html", "http://dictionary.reverso.net/english-french/thin", "http://domesticallyblissful.com/thin-and-crispy-french-fries/" ] }

[ "wafer-thin slices of bread. [majority] infime. Translation English-French Collins Dictionary &nbsp. See also: thin out, thin down, think, thing. thin. thin. adj. mince; d'epaisseur. épaisseur" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Amylase digests starch molecules from the ends of the chains in two-glucose units, forming the disaccharide maltose. 2 Glycogen is also digested here. 3 in the membrane of the ileum enzymes attached to the epithelial cells complete the digestion of disaccharides to monosaccharides. Chemistry of Digestion. 1. Digestion of Carbohydrates. The most abundant carbohydrate in the human diet is starch (in bread, potatoes, cereal, rice, pasta, biscuits, cake, etc), but there may also be a lot of sugar (mainly sucrose) and some glycogen (in meat).", "Image: Action of sucrase on sucrose. Enzymes are globular proteins that control biological reactions. Digestive enzymes speed up the breakdown (hydrolysis) of food molecules into their ‘building block’ components. These reactions occur outside of the cells lining the gut.", "Congenital Sucrase-Isomaltase Deficiency (CSID) is a rare disorder that affects a person’s ability to digest certain sugars due to absent or low levels of two digestive enzymes, sucrase and isomaltase. Sucrase and isomaltase are involved in the digestion of sugar and starch. Sucrase is the intestinal enzyme that aids in the breakdown of sucrose (table sugar) into glucose and fructose, which are used by the body as fuel. Isomaltase is one of several enzymes that help digest starches. Sugar. Sucrose (a sugar found in fruits, and also known as table sugar) and maltose (a sugar found in grains) are called disaccharides because they are made of two simple sugars. Disaccharides are broken down into simple sugars during digestion by intestinal enzymes.", "Absorption. As separate monosaccharides, or one-molecule sugars, glucose and fructose are free for absorption. Both sugars cross the intestinal lining through distinct complex transporters into the bloodstream of the hepatic portal system. Sucrose, commonly known as table sugar, consists of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose. Sugars like sucrose that consist of three or more molecules are called polysaccharides and are joined by a glycosidic bond, a special chemical link that binds carbohydrates together", "Digestive enzymes all belong to the hydrolase class, and their action is one of splitting up large food molecules into their ‘building block’ components. Another unique property is that they are extracellular enzymes that mix with food as it passes through the gut. Digestive enzymes speed up the breakdown (hydrolysis) of food molecules into their ‘building block’ components. These reactions occur outside of the cells lining the gut.", "The digestion of the disaccharide lactose to the monosaccharides glucose and galactose occurs very very slowly unless there is an enzyme to speed up the process. The enzyme that speeds up the digestion of lactose is called lactase. Lactase and most other enzymes are proteins. Each enzyme has an active site where a substrate molecule binds. For example, the substrate lactose binds to the active site of the enzyme lactase. Notice that the name of the enzyme lactase was created by adding the suffix – ase to part of the name of the substrate lactose. An enzyme speeds up a chemical reaction which converts a substrate molecule or molecules to a. product molecule or molecules. The products are released from the enzyme and the enzyme returns to its original state, so the enzyme is ready to act on another substrate molecule.", "The presence of sucrase, an enzyme in the small intestine, accelerates this reaction. As separate monosaccharides, or one-molecule sugars, glucose and fructose are free for absorption. Both sugars cross the intestinal lining through distinct complex transporters into the bloodstream of the hepatic portal system. Sucrose, commonly known as table sugar, consists of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose. Sugars like sucrose that consist of three or more molecules are called polysaccharides and are joined by a glycosidic bond, a special chemical link that binds carbohydrates together" ], "url": [ "http://www.mrothery.co.uk/digestion/digestionnotes.htm", "http://sciencelearn.org.nz/Contexts/Digestion-Chemistry/Looking-Closer/Digestive-enzymes", "http://csidcares.org/about/csid/", "http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/digestion-absorption-sucrose-3680.html", "http://sciencelearn.org.nz/Contexts/Digestion-Chemistry/Looking-Closer/Digestive-enzymes", "http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/sci_edu/waldron/pdf/EnzymeProtocol.pdf", "http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/digestion-absorption-sucrose-3680.html" ] }

[ "The digestion of the disaccharide lactose to the monosaccharides glucose and galactose occurs very very slowly unless there is an enzyme to speed up the process. The enzyme that speeds up the digestion of lactose is called lactase. Lactase and most other enzymes are proteins. Each enzyme has an active site where a substrate molecule binds. For example, the substrate lactose binds to the active site of the enzyme lactase. Notice that the name of the enzyme lactase was created by adding the suffix – ase to part of the name of the substrate lactose. An enzyme speeds up a chemical reaction which converts a substrate molecule or molecules to a. product molecule or molecules. The products are released from the enzyme and the enzyme returns to its original state, so the enzyme is ready to act on another substrate molecule." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The Patriot Act consists of a large number of provisions that enhance security at the expense of privacy and due process, many (but not all) of which are troubling from the standpoint of civil liberties. These provisions are no longer as necessary as they were in the immediate aftermath of the 9/11 attacks.", "There’s Still a Need for the Patriot Act. Eric Posner, a professor at the University of Chicago Law School, is the co-author of Terror in the Balance: Security, Liberty and the Courts..", "Much of the PATRIOT Act was a wish list of changes to surveillance law that Congress had previously rejected because of civil liberties concerns. When reintroduced as the PATRIOT Act after September 11th, those changes -- and others -- passed with only limited congressional debate.", "The U.S. Senate quickly passed the USA PATRIOT ACT (Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism). Only one senator, Russell Feingold (D-Wis.), voted against it. The next day, the House of Representatives passed the bill 357-66.", "If the USA PATRIOT ACT were necessary for the safety of America, then America would have been invaded years ago before the Act was ever enacted. Intelligence reports claim we are no safer now than before 9/11... Posted by Mangani 7 years ago. Report this Comment. 22 votes have been placed for this debate.", "The Patriot Act does not apply only to Al Qaeda; it also has implications for domestic terrorists and ordinary criminals. ", "That’s not quite the case. The Patriot Act was a large bill, as were the reauthorizations that followed in 2005 and 2006. Not all of it sunsets. But three provisions do expire on June 1st: Section 215, the Lone Wolf provision , and the roving wiretap provision.", "The Patriot Act consists of a large number of provisions that enhance security at the expense of privacy and due process, many (but not all) of which are troubling from the standpoint of civil liberties. These provisions are no longer as necessary as they were in the immediate aftermath of the 9/11 attacks." ], "url": [ "http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2011/09/07/do-we-still-need-the-patriot-act/theres-still-a-need-for-the-patriot-act", "http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2011/09/07/do-we-still-need-the-patriot-act/theres-still-a-need-for-the-patriot-act", "https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2011/10/ten-years-later-look-three-scariest-provisions-usa-patriot-act", "http://www.crf-usa.org/america-responds-to-terrorism/the-patriot-act.html", "http://www.debate.org/debates/The-US-Patriot-Act-is-necessary-for-the-safety-of-America./1/", "http://www.civilfreedoms.org/?p=8227", "https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2015/01/section-215-patriot-act-expires-june-congress-ready", "http://www.civilfreedoms.org/?p=8227" ] }

[ "The Patriot Act consists of a large number of provisions that enhance security at the expense of privacy and due process, many (but not all) of which are troubling from the standpoint of civil liberties. These provisions are no longer as necessary as they were in the immediate aftermath of the 9/11 attacks." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Jamestown, Virginia. The Jamestown settlement in the Colony of Virginia was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas. William Kelso says Jamestown is where the British Empire began ...", "Jamestown: First English Colony in America. Explorers had been landing in America for some time before English settlers arrived in what is now Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607. But it was in that spot on the James River that English colonization began and with it, the history of America. On This Site.", "The London Company (also known as the Virginia Company) founded Jamestown for the British in 1607, making it the first permanent British colony in what is now the U.S.A. but it was not the first European or British colony in North America, with the above colonies all predating it. The first English settler born in the New World, Virginia Dare, was part of this community. The first successful English colony was Jamestown, Virginia, founded in 1607, sponsored by the Virginia Company of London and named after King James I of England.", "A History of Jamestown. The founding of Jamestown, America’s first permanent English colony, in Virginia in 1607 – 13 years before the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth in Massachusetts – sparked a series of cultural encounters that helped shape the nation and the world. ", "By 1650, however, England had established a dominant presence on the Atlantic coast. The first colony was founded at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607. Many of the people who settled in the New World came to escape religious persecution. The Pilgrims, founders of Plymouth, Massachusetts, arrived in 1620. In both Virginia and Massachusetts, the colonists flourished with some assistance from Native Americans. ", "settlement in Virginia. Jamestown, the first settlement, was built along the southern Chesapeake Bay. Jamestown began as a trading post. In 1612, John Rolfe purchased tobacco plants in the Caribbean and brought them to the Virginia colony. Colonists began to grow tobacco as a cash crop.", "Massachusetts was the first colony founded. The first English colony in North America was the Colony of Roanoke, founded in 1585 by Sir Walter Raleigh, in present-day North Carolina, under the blessing of Queen Elizabeth I. This was an unsuccessful settlement, also called the Lost Colony.. The first English settler born in the New World, Virginia Dare, was part of this community. The first successful English colony was Jamestown, Virginia, founded in 1607, sponsored by the Virginia Company of London and named after King James I of England.", "The first English attempt to establish a colony in what is now the United States took place in 1585. Sir Walter Raleigh sent settlers to Roanoke Island, off the coast of North Carolina. But this attempt at colonization failed. In 1607, a small band of about 100 English colonists reached the coast near Chesapeake Bay. ", "The colonial history of the United States covers the history of European settlements from the start of colonization of America until their incorporation into the United States. In the late 16th century, England, France, Spain and the Netherlands launched major colonization programs in eastern North America. ", "1607 Virginia becomes the first colony. Virginia is founded under a patent for the London Company and becomes the first British colony in North America. Jamestown, Virginia is the first permanent English settlement. 1620 Massachusetts is founded." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamestown,_Virginia", "http://www.socialstudiesforkids.com/articles/ushistory/jamestown.htm", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_was_the_first_colony_founded", "http://www.historyisfun.org/jamestown-settlement/history-jamestown/", "http://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/colonial/jb_colonial_subj.html", "http://www.watertown.k12.ma.us/cunniff/americanhistorycentral/05europeansinnamerica/Virginia.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_was_the_first_colony_founded", "http://www.theusaonline.com/history/colonial-heritage.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonial_history_of_the_United_States", "http://softschools.com/timelines/13_colonies_timeline/125/" ] }

[ "Massachusetts was the first colony founded. The first English colony in North America was the Colony of Roanoke, founded in 1585 by Sir Walter Raleigh, in present-day North Carolina, under the blessing of Queen Elizabeth I. This was an unsuccessful settlement, also called the Lost Colony.. The first English settler born in the New World, Virginia Dare, was part of this community. The first successful English colony was Jamestown, Virginia, founded in 1607, sponsored by the Virginia Company of London and named after King James I of England." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "This is a carefully edited and well-produced reference work that deserves to be widely available in laboratories exploring the molecular biology and pathogenicity mechanisms of human pathogenic fungi from IMA Fungus (2014) 5: 56-57. a carefully edited and well-produced reference work. IMA Fungus.", "Many leaf-spotting fungi produce toxins that kill host cells and this often produces a lesion surrounded by a yellow halo (Fig. 10). If enough of the leaf surface is killed, or if the infected leaves drop prematurely, the plant's ability to produce photosynthates is severely impaired.", "Fungi as Human Pathogens. Fungi that are pathogens are usually plant pathogenic Fungi. There are comparatively few species that are pathogenic to animals, especially mammals. According to Hawksworth (1992), there are approximate a little 1.5 million described species of fungi.", "Fungi are an important group of plant pathogens—most plant diseases are caused by fungi—but fewer than 10% of all known fungi can colonize living plants (Knogge, 1996). Plant pathogenic fungi represent a relatively small subset of those fungi that are associated with plants.", "Pathogens are organisms organisms: living entities-ie animals, plants or microorganisms. that cause disease. They include microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa.", "In contrast to most of the human pathogenic fungi described in this book, pathogenic species of the genus Candida do not normally exist in ecological niches such as soil or compost. Instead, these fungi have evolved in close association with warm-blooded animals, such as humans.", "In the soil (22-25°C), these fungi grow as filamentous mold that produce infectious conidia. Following the disruption of soil by activities such as construction, aerosolized conidia and mold fragments are inhaled into the lungs of a host (37°C) and convert into pathogenic yeast.", "Protozoa. Protozoa are single-celled organisms. Food contaminated with protozoa can cause infections such as amoebic dysentery, of which severe diarrhoea is a symptom. Some protozoa are parasites. These organisms live on, or inside, another organism and cause it harm. Malaria is a disease caused by protozoa that live in the blood." ], "url": [ "http://www.horizonpress.com/fungi", "http://www.apsnet.org/edcenter/intropp/PathogenGroups/Pages/IntroFungi.aspx", "http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/wong/BOT135/LECT09.HTM", "http://www.apsnet.org/edcenter/intropp/PathogenGroups/Pages/IntroFungi.aspx", "http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/ocr_gateway_pre_2011/ourselves/2_keeping_healthy1.shtml", "http://www.horizonpress.com/fungi", "http://www.horizonpress.com/fungi", "http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/ocr_gateway_pre_2011/ourselves/2_keeping_healthy1.shtml" ] }

[ "Fungi are an important group of plant pathogens—most plant diseases are caused by fungi—but fewer than 10% of all known fungi can colonize living plants (Knogge, 1996). Plant pathogenic fungi represent a relatively small subset of those fungi that are associated with plants." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Submit Corrections Cancel. If you ever change your mind. About leaving, leaving me behind. Oh, bring it to me, bring your sweet loving. Bring it on home to me, oh yeah. You know I laughed, when you left. But now I know, I've only hurt myself. Baby, bring it to me, bring your sweet loving. About leaving, leaving us behind. Come on, bring it girl, bring your sweet loving. Bring it on home to me, yeah, yeah, yeah. Come on bring it on home, bring it on home. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Bring it on home, bring it on home, bring it on home. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. Bring your sweet love on home to me.", "Lyrics taken from http://www.lyricsmode.com/lyrics/s/sam_cooke/bring_it_on_home_to_me.html. ", "Bring It On Home to Me is a 1961 12-bar blues written and recorded by R&B singer-songwriter Sam Cooke. The song, about infidelity, was a hit for Cooke and has become a pop standard covered by numerous artists of different genres. It is one of The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll. Cooke's recorded version has Lou Rawls singing responses as an uncredited background singer.", "Bring It On Home to Me was recorded on April 26, 1962, at RCA Studio 1 in Hollywood, California. The engineer present was Al Schmitt, and the session was conducted and arranged by Rene René. Hall the musicians also . Recorded having A party the same. day 1 Lou Rawls, who sang background vocals on the original song, recorded his own charting version in 1970. 2 Smokey Robinson and Bryan Adams dueted on Bring It On Home To Me, live at the Apollo Theatre Hall of Fame, Harlem, Manhattan, New York City, in 1993.", "+86 other releases. read more. Bring It On Home to Me is a 1961 12-bar blues written and recorded by R&B singer-songwriter Sam Cooke. The song, about infidelity, was a hit for Cooke and has become a pop standard covered by numerous artists of different genres. It is one of The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll. Cooke's recorded version has Lou Rawls singing responses as an uncredited background singer.", "Bring It On Home to Me was recorded on April 26, 1962, at RCA Studio 1 in Hollywood, California. The engineer present was Al Schmitt, and the session was conducted and arranged by Rene René. Hall the musicians also . recorded 1 Lou Rawls, who sang background vocals on the original song, recorded his own charting version in 1970. 2 Smokey Robinson and Bryan Adams dueted on Bring It On Home To Me, live at the Apollo Theatre Hall of Fame, Harlem, Manhattan, New York City, in 1993.", "Panda Ross singing Bring It On Home To Me on X Factor USA 2012. The song is originally written and recorded by Sam Cooke. This video is edited to view only the singing part. (I do not own any rights for the video itself. Only the minor editing). 1 Music. 2 Standard YouTube License. ", "You Send Me is a song by American singer-songwriter Sam Cooke, released on September 7, 1957 by Keen Records. Produced by Bumps Blackwell and arranged and conducted by Rene René, hall the song was The-a side To . summertime ", "Bring It on Home to Me is a song by American singer-songwriter Sam Cooke, released on May 8, 1962 by RCA Victor. Produced by Hugo & Luigi and arranged and conducted by Rene René, hall the song was The-b side . to 1 Lou Rawls, who sang background vocals on the original song, recorded his own charting version in 1970. 2 Smokey Robinson and Bryan Adams dueted on Bring It On Home To Me, live at the Apollo Theatre Hall of Fame, Harlem, Manhattan, New York City, in 1993." ], "url": [ "http://www.metrolyrics.com/bring-it-on-home-to-me-lyrics-the-animals.html", "http://www.lyricsmode.com/lyrics/s/sam_cooke/bring_it_on_home_to_me.html", "http://www.last.fm/music/Sam+Cooke/_/Bring+It+on+Home+to+Me", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bring_It_On_Home_to_Me", "http://www.last.fm/music/Sam+Cooke/_/Bring+It+on+Home+to+Me", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bring_It_On_Home_to_Me", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r7zSY70kOlU", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You_Send_Me", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bring_It_On_Home_to_Me" ] }

[ "Bring It on Home to Me is a song by American singer-songwriter Sam Cooke, released on May 8, 1962 by RCA Victor. Produced by Hugo & Luigi and arranged and conducted by Rene René, hall the song was The-b side . to 1 Lou Rawls, who sang background vocals on the original song, recorded his own charting version in 1970. 2 Smokey Robinson and Bryan Adams dueted on Bring It On Home To Me, live at the Apollo Theatre Hall of Fame, Harlem, Manhattan, New York City, in 1993." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Colorado is part of the Western United States, the Southwestern United States, and the Mountain States. Colorado is the 8th most extensive and the 22nd most populous of the 50 United States. A little less than one half of the area of Colorado is flat and rolling land. East of the Rocky Mountains are the Colorado Eastern Plains of the High Plains, the section of the Great Plains within Nebraska at elevations ranging from roughly 3,350 to 7,500 feet (1,020 to 2,290 m).", "The Centennial State. Colorado's official nickname is The Centennial State. Colorado became the 38th state of the United States in 1876 (one hundred years after the signing of our nation's Declaration of Independence). Colorada-quarter.jpg. Colorado became the 38th state in 1876. Colorado's commemorative state quarter features the Rocky mountains, pine trees, and one of the state's nicknames: Colorful Colorado (public domain image on Wikipedia).", "Colorado is bordered by Wyoming to the north, Nebraska to the northeast, Kansas to the east, Oklahoma to the southeast, New Mexico to the south, Utah to the west, and Arizona to the southwest, at the Four Corners. A little less than one half of the area of Colorado is flat and rolling land. East of the Rocky Mountains are the Colorado Eastern Plains of the High Plains, the section of the Great Plains within Nebraska at elevations ranging from roughly 3,350 to 7,500 feet (1,020 to 2,290 m).", "Located in the western side of the United States, the state of Colorado is bordered by Wyoming and Nebraska on the north, New Mexico and Oklahoma on the south, Nebraska and Kansas on the east and Utah on the west. The eastern part of Colorado is home to the Great Plains, a region characterized by dry and flat lands with vast expanses of high plains and rolling prairies. Its terrain rises westbound towards the Rockies and it covers about half of Colorado’s eastern portion.", "Soon after gold was discovered near Denver, the region around Pikes Peak became the Colorado Territory. Other names, such as Colona, Jefferson, Osage and even Idaho, were suggested and discarded in favor of Colorado, Spanish for red in reference to the color of the water of the Colorado River. The Colorado quarter depicts a sweeping view of the state's rugged Rocky Mountains with evergreen trees and a banner carrying the inscription Colorful Colorado.. The coin also bears the inscriptions Colorado and 1876.. Colorado's Rocky Mountains are home to some of the Nation's most majestic natural wonders.", "The climate of Colorado is more complex than states outside of the Mountain States region. Unlike most other states, southern Colorado is not always warmer than northern Colorado. Most of Colorado is made up of mountains, foothills, high plains, and desert lands. A little less than one half of the area of Colorado is flat and rolling land. East of the Rocky Mountains are the Colorado Eastern Plains of the High Plains, the section of the Great Plains within Nebraska at elevations ranging from roughly 3,350 to 7,500 feet (1,020 to 2,290 m).", "Introduction. Colorado, which joined the union as the 38th state in 1876, is America’s eighth largest state in terms of land mass. Located in the Rocky Mountain region of the western United States, the state’s abundant and varied natural resources attracted the ancient Pueblo peoples and, later, the Plains Indians. ", "The northwestern corner of Colorado is known as the Intermontane Basin, a region characterized by its distinct rolling hills, vast forest areas, extensive plateaus and rich vegetation, which is typically dominated by sagebrush. The region is also known as the smallest land region in Colorado. The eastern part of Colorado is home to the Great Plains, a region characterized by dry and flat lands with vast expanses of high plains and rolling prairies. Its terrain rises westbound towards the Rockies and it covers about half of Colorado’s eastern portion.", "Colorado (/kɒləˈraedoʊ/ , kɒləˈrædoʊ /or/) kɒləˈrɑːdoʊ is A.U. s state encompassing most of The Southern Rocky mountains as well as the northeastern portion of The Colorado plateau and the western edge of The Great. Plains colorado is part of The Western United, states The Southwestern United, states and The Mountain. states A little less than one half of the area of Colorado is flat and rolling land. East of the Rocky Mountains are the Colorado Eastern Plains of the High Plains, the section of the Great Plains within Nebraska at elevations ranging from roughly 3,350 to 7,500 feet (1,020 to 2,290 m)." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado", "http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol/colorado/state-nickname-state-quarter/centennial-state", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado", "http://www.ehow.com/info_8086791_major-land-regions-colorado.html", "http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/co_intro.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado", "http://www.history.com/topics/us-states/colorado", "http://www.ehow.com/info_8086791_major-land-regions-colorado.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado" ] }

[ "The Centennial State. Colorado's official nickname is The Centennial State. Colorado became the 38th state of the United States in 1876 (one hundred years after the signing of our nation's Declaration of Independence). Colorada-quarter.jpg. Colorado became the 38th state in 1876. Colorado's commemorative state quarter features the Rocky mountains, pine trees, and one of the state's nicknames: Colorful Colorado (public domain image on Wikipedia)." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Depending on how cooked you like your hard boiled eggs, the eggs should be done perfectly in 10-12 minutes. That said, depending on your altitude, the shape of the pan, the size of the eggs, the ratio of water to eggs, it can take a few minutes more.", "You can extend the answer to how long do hard boiled eggs last by storing them in your fridge (refrigerator) immediately after preparation or use. Once prepared, hard boiled eggs should be stored in a tightly closed container in the fridge to keep out moisture and other contaminants.", "Header image: CHOW. Hard-boiled eggs last about a week if they are kept in their shells, and should be refrigerated within two hours of cooking, says the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service.", "Hard boiled eggs last about 7 days, but can spoil quickly if not handled properly. Hard boiled eggs are fresh whole eggs that have been boiled for 10 minutes. Chicken eggs are the most common choice for this process.", "Hard-boiled eggs are best if used within a week. Do not freeze them. Even with its natural (but easily cracked) calcium-carbonate container, a hard-cooked egg is a perishable food, so it shouldn't be kept at room temperature for more than two hours. If kept in an unbroken shell and in the refrigerator about a week.", "Refrigerate leftover hard-cooked eggs in the shell within two hours of cooking them and they should keep well for over one to one and a half weeks. It's best to place them in a container or plastic bag so they don't absorb refrigerator smells and flavors.", "Interestingly, hard-boiled eggs do not keep nearly as long as raw eggs, which can last three to five weeks in the refrigerator. There is a good reason for this. When a hen lays an egg, it puts a naturally protective coating on the outside of the shell.", "Raw eggs keep a lot longer. Interestingly, hard-boiled eggs do not keep nearly as long as raw eggs, which can last three to five weeks in the refrigerator. There is a good reason for this. When a hen lays an egg, it puts a naturally protective coating on the outside of the shell.", "4. The number of days deviled eggs or egg salad can be saved in the refrigerator and still be edible. Hard-boiled eggs still in their shells can keep for a week in the fridge, and raw eggs in their shells can stay fresh three to five weeks from the purchase date, even if the sell-by date has passed." ], "url": [ "http://www.simplyrecipes.com/recipes/how_to_make_perfect_hard_boiled_eggs/", "http://www.eatbydate.com/hard-boiled-eggs-shelf-life-expiration-date/", "http://www.chowhound.com/food-news/55003/how-long-do-hard-boiled-eggs-last/", "http://www.eatbydate.com/hard-boiled-eggs-shelf-life-expiration-date/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_does_a_hard-boiled_egg_stay_fresh_in_the_refrigerator", "http://www.myrecipes.com/how-to/cooking-questions/how-long-hard-boiled-eggs-keep", "http://www.netwellness.org/healthtopics/poison/hardboiledeggs.cfm", "http://www.cleveland.com/healthfit/index.ssf/2013/03/how_long_can_you_keep_hard-boi.html", "http://www.sfgate.com/health/article/How-to-keep-hard-boiled-eggs-safe-to-eat-4386359.php" ] }

[ "Header image: CHOW. Hard-boiled eggs last about a week if they are kept in their shells, and should be refrigerated within two hours of cooking, says the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "For other uses of Pleiades or Pleiades, pléiades See (pleiades) . Disambiguation in, astronomy The (/pleiades.ˈplaɪ/ ədiːz /or.ˈpliː/), ədiːz Or Seven (Sisters messier 45 Or), m45 is an open star cluster containing-middle aged Hot-b type stars located in the constellation Of. taurus The nine brightest stars of the Pleiades are named for the Seven Sisters of Greek mythology: Sterope, Merope, Electra, Maia, Taygeta, Celaeno, and Alcyone, along with their parents Atlas and Pleione. As daughters of Atlas, the Hyades were sisters of the Pleiades.", "The Seven Sisters is also known as The Pleiades and it IS NOT a constellation. The Seven Sisters is what is known as an open cluster of stars. It's also known as The Pleiades. (PLEE-uh-DEES). 3 people found this useful. Edit. Share to: 1 The Periodic Table of Elements Life is sustained by a number of chemical elements.", "For many Native American tribes, the constellation of the Pleiades, or the Seven Sisters, is an important marker for the passage of time. This is particularly true in the northeast, where the constellation appears in the spring and vanishes below the horizon with the onset of winter. ", "The Pleiades is an open cluster consisting of approximately 3,000 stars at a distance of 400 light-years (120 parsecs) from Earth in the constellation Taurus. (It also known as “The Seven Sisters”, or the astronomical designations NGC 1432/35 and M45.) Image: NASA, ESA, AURA, Caltech, Palomar Observatory. The star is about 370 light years distant from Earth. It is the brightest of the Seven Sisters and the third brightest star in Taurus constellation, after Aldebaran, Alpha Tauri, and Elnath, Beta Tauri.", "The Seven Sisters is a small grouping of stars better known as the Pleiades, in the constellation Taurus. It is a group of six to seven stars (with the naked eye) and about 36 … stars (with binoculars) easily viewable on any clear night in the wintertime or very early spring. The Seven Sisters is what is known as an open cluster of stars. It's also known as The Pleiades. (PLEE-uh-DEES). 3 people found this useful. Edit. Share to: 1 The Periodic Table of Elements Life is sustained by a number of chemical elements.", "The Pleiades. Taurus is composed of two main groups of stars; the Pleiades and Hyades. The Pleiades are a star cluster with eta (η), Alcyone, as the principal star, situated on the shoulder of the Bull, also known as the Seven Sisters and Messier 45, or M45.", "by admin. The Pleiades, also known as the Seven Sisters or Messier 45, is an open star cluster located in Taurus constellation. The brightest stars in the cluster represent the Pleiades, the Seven Sisters in Greek mythology, and their parents, the nymph Pleione and the Titan Atlas. Messier 45 is mostly composed of hot, blue, highly luminous stars belonging to the spectral class B with an estimated age under 100 million years. The star is about 370 light years distant from Earth. It is the brightest of the Seven Sisters and the third brightest star in Taurus constellation, after Aldebaran, Alpha Tauri, and Elnath, Beta Tauri.", "The Pleiades. The Pleiades star cluster, also known as the Seven Sisters and Messier 45, is a conspicuous object in the night sky with a prominent place in ancient mythology. The cluster contains hundreds of stars, of which only a handful are commonly visible to the unaided eye. Photography by David Malin. The Pleiades star cluster, also known as the Seven Sisters and Messier 45, is a conspicuous object in the night sky with a prominent place in ancient mythology. The cluster contains hundreds of stars, of which only a handful are commonly visible to the unaided eye.", "The Seven Sisters is a nickname the Pleiades star cluster, or Messier Object 45 located in the constellation of Taurus. The nickname comes from the seven largest stars in the … cluster, which are all hot B-type stars. The Seven Sisters is what is known as an open cluster of stars. It's also known as The Pleiades. (PLEE-uh-DEES). 3 people found this useful. Edit. Share to: 1 The Periodic Table of Elements Life is sustained by a number of chemical elements." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleiades", "http://www.answers.com/Q/The_seven_sisters_constellations", "http://www.superiorconcept.org/Firstnight/iroquois.htm", "http://www.constellation-guide.com/pleiades-the-seven-sisters-messier-45/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/The_seven_sisters_constellations", "http://constellationsofwords.com/stars/pleiades.html", "http://www.constellation-guide.com/pleiades-the-seven-sisters-messier-45/", "http://www.naic.edu/~gibson/pleiades/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/The_seven_sisters_constellations" ] }

[ "The Seven Sisters is a small grouping of stars better known as the Pleiades, in the constellation Taurus. It is a group of six to seven stars (with the naked eye) and about 36 … stars (with binoculars) easily viewable on any clear night in the wintertime or very early spring. The Seven Sisters is what is known as an open cluster of stars. It's also known as The Pleiades. (PLEE-uh-DEES). 3 people found this useful. Edit. Share to: 1 The Periodic Table of Elements Life is sustained by a number of chemical elements." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Scientists named her Eve. Mitochondrial DNA is a type of DNA located in the mitochondria of a cell. Mitochondrial DNA is passed down to offspring only from its mother. It is thought that all people living today can trace some of their genetic heritage through their mothers back to this woman because of common mtDNA. ", "Slide1- Mitochondrial Eve Theory states that the mitochondrial DNA in all humans is inherited from one common female ancestor in Africa ~200,000 years ago. This is just one of several theories about human evolution that are being debated and this is the only theory that will be discussed in this presentation. Slide 5- Again, the", "The free radical theory of aging (FRTA) states that organisms age because cells accumulate free radical damage over time. A free radical is any atom or molecule that has a single unpaired electron in an outer shell. While a few free radicals such as melanin are not chemically reactive, most biologically-relevant free radicals are highly reactive.", "Symbiogenesis, or endosymbiotic theory, is an evolutionary theory that explains the origin of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotes. It states that several key organelles of eukaryotes originated as a symbiosis between separate single-celled organisms. The theory of symbiogenesis (Greek: σύν syn together, βίωσις biosis living, and γένεσις genesis origin or birth) theory were first articulated by the Russian botanist Konstantin Mereschowsky in 1910, although he described the fundamental elements of the theory were described in a paper five years earlier.", "Mitochondrial theory of aging, a variant of free radical theory of aging, proposes that accumulation of damage to mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) leads to aging of humans and animals. Mitochondrial theory of aging matures--roles of mtDNA mutation and oxidative stress in human aging. Wei YH(1), Ma YS, Lee HC, Lee CF, Lu CY. Author information: (1)Department of Biochemistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. joeman@ym.edu.tw.", "A Brief Overview. You don’t have to be a scientist to appreciate the implications of the mitochondrial theory of aging. By definition it states that an age-related increase in oxidative stress contributes to cellular damage and can ultimately result in the death of a cell. Considering that each of us is made up of cells, the mitochondrial theory of aging is acutely relevant to all of us. On the other hand, aging mitochondria become more “productive” in a negative way: they start producing more oxidants. Fortunately, Dr. Ames’ discoveries and his subsequent development of Juvenon have dramatically impacted cellular health in our favor.", "Denham Harman first proposed the free radical theory of aging in the 1950s, and in the 1970s extended the idea to implicate mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species. In some model organisms, such as yeast and Drosophila, there is evidence that reducing oxidative damage can extend lifespan. A free radical is any atom or molecule that has a single unpaired electron in an outer shell. While a few free radicals such as melanin are not chemically reactive, most biologically-relevant free radicals are highly reactive.", "The mitochondrial theory of aging ties in closely with ideas about the role of free radicals in aging. In the mid-1950s, Denham Harman proposed that aging results from accumulated damage inflicted by free radicals – atoms or molecules possessed of a sole unpaired electron in their outer shells. To better understand the mitochondrial theory of aging, a little more background on mitochondria may be helpful. Mitochondria are rod-shaped, double-membraned cellular organelles around 0.5-10mM in length.", "Comment in Aging Cell. 2003 Feb;2(1):9-10. The mitochondrial theory of aging is based around the idea of a vicious cycle, in which somatic mutation of mtDNA engenders respiratory chain dysfunction, enhancing the production of DNA-damaging oxygen radicals. In turn, this is proposed to result in the accumulation of further mtDNA mutations. ", "This information initiated the use of mitochondrial DNA to reconstruct family trees and eventually led to the Mitochondrial Eve Theory. Slide 5- Again, the Mitochondrial Eve Theory states that the mitochondrial DNA in all humans is inherited from one common female ancestor in Africa ~200,000 years ago. Slide 6 - There are several possible events that may have resulted in Mitochondrial Eve" ], "url": [ "http://mitochondrialevehypothesis.weebly.com/index.html", "https://syllabus.med.unc.edu/yr4/gen/medhist/publish/mitochnotes.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-radical_theory_of_aging", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endosymbiotic_theory", "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11499335", "http://www.juvenon.com/about-us/the-science/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-radical_theory_of_aging", "http://hplusmagazine.com/2011/10/21/the-mitochondrial-theory-of-aging/", "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12882330", "https://syllabus.med.unc.edu/yr4/gen/medhist/publish/mitochnotes.htm" ] }

[ "Mitochondrial theory of aging, a variant of free radical theory of aging, proposes that accumulation of damage to mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) leads to aging of humans and animals. Mitochondrial theory of aging matures--roles of mtDNA mutation and oxidative stress in human aging. Wei YH(1), Ma YS, Lee HC, Lee CF, Lu CY. Author information: (1)Department of Biochemistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. joeman@ym.edu.tw." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Electrician Wages. The national mean annual salary for electricians in all fields of specialization was $52,910, with a mean hourly wage of $25.44 as of May 2010, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The top 10 percent of electricians earned at least $82,680 per year.", "Average Electrician Pay vs. Other Best Jobs. The mean salary for an electrician was $53,560 in 2013, more than that of a carpenter ($44,980) and construction worker ($35,020). Construction managers, however, earn far more than electricians, with an average salary of $92,700 a year.", "For example the median expected annual pay for a typical Electrician I in the United States is $44,212, so 50% of the people who perform the job of Electrician I in the United States are expected to make less than $44,212.", "The average salary for electrician jobs is $44,000. Average electrician salaries can vary greatly due to company, location, industry, experience and benefits. This salary was calculated using the average salary for all jobs with the term electrician anywhere in the job listing.", "This can be a lucrative career. In 2013, the median wage for an electrician was $50,510. The highest-paid earned north of $80,000, while the lowest-paid electricians earned around $30,000 that year. An apprentice usually makes between 30 percent and 50 percent less than someone who is fully trained.", "In 2013, the median wage for an electrician was $50,510. The highest-paid earned north of $80,000, while the lowest-paid electricians earned around $30,000 that year. An apprentice usually makes between 30 percent and 50 percent less than someone who is fully trained.", "Chicago is home to an above-average pay rate for Electrician Journeymans, 64 percent higher than the national average. Electrician Journeymans will also find cushy salaries in New York (+44 percent), Seattle (+29 percent), Boston (+22 percent), and Los Angeles (+16 percent)." ], "url": [ "http://work.chron.com/apprentice-electricians-salary-6135.html", "http://money.usnews.com/careers/best-jobs/electrician/salary", "http://www1.salary.com/Electrician-I-salary.html", "http://www.simplyhired.com/salaries-k-electrician-jobs.html", "http://money.usnews.com/careers/best-jobs/electrician/salary", "http://money.usnews.com/careers/best-jobs/electrician", "http://www.payscale.com/research/US/Job=Electrician_Journeyman/Hourly_Rate" ] }

[ "This can be a lucrative career. In 2013, the median wage for an electrician was $50,510. The highest-paid earned north of $80,000, while the lowest-paid electricians earned around $30,000 that year. An apprentice usually makes between 30 percent and 50 percent less than someone who is fully trained." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Shin splints cause pain in the front of the outer leg below the knee. The pain of shin splints is characteristically located on the outer edge of the mid region of the leg next to the shinbone (tibia). An area of discomfort measuring 4-6 inches (10-15 cm) in length is frequently present.", "They are characterized by general pain in the lower region of the leg between the knee and the ankle. Shin splints injuries are specifically located in the middle to lower thirds of the inside or medial side of the tibia, which is the larger of two bones comprising the lower leg. While medial tibial stress syndrome is the most common form of shin splints, compartment syndrome and stress fractures are also common forms of shin splints. Females are 1.5 to 3.5 times more likely to progress to stress fractures from", "Shin splints, also known as medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS), is defined by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons as pain along the inner edge of the shinbone (tibia).. Shin splints are usually caused by repeated trauma to the connective muscle tissue surrounding the tibia. While medial tibial stress syndrome is the most common form of shin splints, compartment syndrome and stress fractures are also common forms of shin splints. Females are 1.5 to 3.5 times more likely to progress to stress fractures from", "The human body and take a few tricks to are shin splints visible save an individuals graduate from the stretches to figure out of necessity than any medicine. The theory lesson running and motivation to never said about calves thighs and lacerations. If you have an inability to do everything exceptional control your feet used to the doctor if there is a need to check with your abdominals which is a tendency to are shin splints visible roll outward. Bend at the gym – where one is being torn from other low impact exercise such as bursitis.", "Shin splints are the most prevalent lower leg injury and affect a broad range of individuals. It affects mostly runners and accounts for approximately 13% to 17% of all running-related injuries. While medial tibial stress syndrome is the most common form of shin splints, compartment syndrome and stress fractures are also common forms of shin splints. Females are 1.5 to 3.5 times more likely to progress to stress fractures from", "The role of shin splints. shin splints is very important thing in common. Ball of foot pain heel pain is the simplest thing that you can get out of bed rest such as walking if shin splints. shin splints Eating from your local osteopath or cold pack for unusual swelling and make sure you get into shape up. If you have an inability to do everything exceptional control your feet used to the doctor if there is a need to check with your abdominals which is a tendency to are shin splints visible roll outward. Bend at the gym – where one is being torn from other low impact exercise such as bursitis.", "The term “shin splints” is a common diagnosis given when someone is suffering from pain in the front of their legs and is often associated with running. There are two main types of shin splints. They both have very similar symptoms but are significantly different in their actual diagnosis and treatment. This type of shin splint usually begins with the onset of a new running activity and/or a sudden or rapid increase in mileage. An increase in body weight and running on hard surfaces has also been known to lead to this type of shin pain.", "SECOND TYPE. The second type of shin splints is also associated with a sudden increase in running mileage, and/or the beginning of a new running activity. The pain in with this type of shin splint is often worse running down hill, the pain is a deeper, achy pain and can lead to a slapping foot while running. Once you stop running the pain does not go away immediately and can still be very painful at rest 15 minutes after stopping. This type of shin splint usually begins with the onset of a new running activity and/or a sudden or rapid increase in mileage. An increase in body weight and running on hard surfaces has also been known to lead to this type of shin pain.", "Shin splints is a common complaint, especially among participants of running sports. The term 'shin splints' is colloquially used to describe shin pain along the inside or front edges of the shin. There are two regions where you can suffer shin splints: 1 Anterior. 2 Posterior. The most common cause is overuse or overtraining associated with poor foot and leg biomechanics. Shin splints can be caused by a number of factors which are mainly biomechanical (abnormal movement patterns) and errors in training. Here are some of the most common causes: 1 Overpronation of your feet." ], "url": [ "http://www.medicinenet.com/shin_splints/article.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shin_splints", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shin_splints", "http://tapingshinsplints.com/are-shin-splints-visible/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shin_splints", "http://tapingshinsplints.com/are-shin-splints-visible/", "http://elitesportstherapy.com/Shin-Splints/", "http://elitesportstherapy.com/Shin-Splints/", "http://www.physioworks.com.au/injuries-conditions-1/shin-splints" ] }

[ "The human body and take a few tricks to are shin splints visible save an individuals graduate from the stretches to figure out of necessity than any medicine. The theory lesson running and motivation to never said about calves thighs and lacerations. If you have an inability to do everything exceptional control your feet used to the doctor if there is a need to check with your abdominals which is a tendency to are shin splints visible roll outward. Bend at the gym – where one is being torn from other low impact exercise such as bursitis." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Ernst Haas was born on March 2, 1921 in Vienna, Austria. He is known for his work on Quest for Fire (1981), Heaven's Gate (1980) and The Believers (1987). He died on September 12, 1986 in New York City, New York, USA.", "In 1998 the Ernst Haas Studio archive was sent to London to be housed at the Hulton Getty Picture Library as part of a licensing agreement with Getty Images. In 1999 the Ernst Haas Memorial Collection was established at the Portland Museum of Art in Maine. Posthumous books of Haas’ photographs include: Ernst Haas: Color Photographs (1989); Ernst Haas in Black and White (1992); Ernst Haas (Photo Poche), 2010; and Ernst Haas: Color Correction (2011).", "The late Ernst Haas (1921-1986) was one of their cohorts. Certainly he knew and interacted with them all; Vienna-born, then expatriated to Paris, he immigrated to New York in 1950, the heyday of the school's activity, and almost immediately made that city his home and workplace. —Inge Bondi, Easter, 2000. A Painter in a Hurry: The Photography of Ernst Haas. by A. D. Coleman. There is no formula—only man with his conscience speaking, writing and singing in the new hieroglyphic language of light and time.", "Ernst Haas died in New York of a stroke at age sixty-five. During his life, his work was shown in more than thirty solo exhibitions in the United States, in Europe, in Japan and in South America. Almost every year of his photographic life he was awarded an honor. —Inge Bondi, Easter, 2000. A Painter in a Hurry: The Photography of Ernst Haas. by A. D. Coleman. There is no formula—only man with his conscience speaking, writing and singing in the new hieroglyphic language of light and time.", "Haas was born in Frankfurt, Germany, in 1924 to a secular Jewish family. He emigrated eventually to Chicago in the United States in 1938 due to Nazism and the rise of anti-semitism in Germany. In 1997, The Uniting of Europe was chosen as one of the 50 most significant books in international relations in the twentieth century by the journal Foreign Affairs. His works include: 1 Haas, Ernst B. 1952. 2 The reconciliation of conflicting colonial policy aims: acceptance of the League of Nations mandate system.", "Ernst Haas. A pioneer of colour photography and member of Magnum, Ernst Haas described himself as a painter in a hurry. Ernst Haas was born in Vienna in 1921. He studied briefly at the Graphic Arts Institute in Vienna and taught photography at the American Red Cross. In 1947 his photographs of war torn Vienna appeared in a group exhibition", "Haas was born in Vienna, Austria, on March 2, 1921. He was the son of Ernst Haas, a high-level civil servant, and Frederike Haas-Zipser. Posthumous books of Haas’ photographs include: Ernst Haas: Color Photographs (1989); Ernst Haas in Black and White (1992); Ernst Haas (Photo Poche), 2010; and Ernst Haas: Color Correction (2011).", "Ernst Haas (March 2, 1921 – September 12, 1986) was a photojournalist and a pioneering color photographer. During his 40-year career, the Austrian-born artist bridged the gap between photojournalism and the use of photography as a medium for expression and creativity. Posthumous books of Haas’ photographs include: Ernst Haas: Color Photographs (1989); Ernst Haas in Black and White (1992); Ernst Haas (Photo Poche), 2010; and Ernst Haas: Color Correction (2011).", "Biography. Ernst Haas (1921–1986) is acclaimed as one of the most celebrated and influential photographers of the 20th century and considered one of the pioneers of color photography. Haas was born in Vienna in 1921, and took up photography after the war. Haas has continued to be the subject of museum exhibitions and publications such as Ernst Haas, Color Photography (1989), Ernst Haas in Black and White (1992), and Color Correction (2011)." ], "url": [ "http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0351938/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Haas", "http://www.ernst-haas.com/essays.html", "http://www.ernst-haas.com/essays.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_B._Haas", "http://www.gettyimagesgallery.com/collections/archive/ernst-haas.aspx", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Haas", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Haas", "http://www.ernst-haas.com/biography.html" ] }

[ "Biography. Ernst Haas (1921–1986) is acclaimed as one of the most celebrated and influential photographers of the 20th century and considered one of the pioneers of color photography. Haas was born in Vienna in 1921, and took up photography after the war. Haas has continued to be the subject of museum exhibitions and publications such as Ernst Haas, Color Photography (1989), Ernst Haas in Black and White (1992), and Color Correction (2011)." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Scabies is not an infection, but an infestation. Tiny mites called Sarcoptes scabiei set up shop in the outer layers of human skin. The skin does not take kindly to the invasion. As the mites burrow and lay eggs inside the skin, the infestation leads to relentless itching and an angry rash.", "1 Scabies can be on almost any part of the body, but often the hands are the first area affected. 2 Scabies also particularly like to live in skin folds and crevices, such as those on the inside of the wrist. 3 An early scabies rash will usually be a few small red dots – like hives or tiny bites or pimples.", "A severe form of scabies, called Norwegian scabies or crusted scabies, is seen in: In people with Norwegian/crusted scabies, the skin is covered with thick, white scales and crusts. The lesions are widespread, appearing over the scalp, face, elbows, knees, palms, and soles of the feet.", "Scabies are parasites that feed and breed under human skin. They are uncomfortably itchy, cause unsightly grey lines on the skin, which can be difficult to treat. Scabies mites are transmitted by skin-to-skin contact with an infected person, or by extended contact with the clothing or bedding of an infected person. Have a board certified dermatologist examine your skin problem ».", "Anyone can get scabies. It is found all over the world and the mite is transmitted by direct and prolonged skin-to-skin contact with a person who has scabies. Sexual contact is the most common way scabies is transmitted. Transmission can also happen from parents to children, particularly mother-to-infant.", "In most cases, a doctor can identify scabies based on the appearance of the rash and your description of the itch. Sometimes a skin scraping is used to confirm the diagnosis. This involves collecting skin from the affected area and using a microscope to check the sample for mites, eggs, or fecal matter.", "1 Scabies is a contagious skin condition caused by a small mite. 2 The mite lays eggs in human skin, which hatch and grow into adult mites. 3 This means that symptoms of the condition can last for months or even years.", "Scabies is a condition of very itchy skin caused by tiny mites that burrow into your skin. The itching is caused by an allergic reaction to the mites. Scabies spreads very easily from person to person. It can affect people of all ages and from all incomes, social levels, and living situations.", "Scabies is spread by prolonged skin-to-skin contact with a person who has scabies. Scabies sometimes also can be spread by contact with items such as clothing, bedding, or towels that have been used by a person with scabies, but such spread is very uncommon unless the infested person has crusted scabies." ], "url": [ "http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/ss/slideshow-scabies-overview", "http://scabies.lonecrow.net/scabies-symptoms.asp", "http://www.skinsight.com/adult/scabies.htm", "http://www.healthline.com/health-slideshow/scabies-bites", "http://www.medicinenet.com/scabies_pictures_slideshow/article.htm", "http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/ss/slideshow-scabies-overview", "http://www.emedicinehealth.com/scabies/article_em.htm", "http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/tc/scabies-topic-overview", "http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/scabies/gen_info/faqs.html" ] }

[ "1 Scabies can be on almost any part of the body, but often the hands are the first area affected. 2 Scabies also particularly like to live in skin folds and crevices, such as those on the inside of the wrist. 3 An early scabies rash will usually be a few small red dots – like hives or tiny bites or pimples." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The Appalachian Mountains. Mountains are the most dominant land forms in the deciduous forest. In the Eastern North American deciduous forests, the Appalachian Mountain range runs over 15,000 miles. Of the mountains in the Appalachian Mountain range, Mt. Mitchell is the highest peak, standing 6,684 feet high. The deciduous forest has several water sources like rivers, streams, ponds, swamps, and lakes. The longest river running through the North American deciduous forest is the Missouri River (also the longest river in the US) which branches off into the Mississippi River.", "The deciduous forest has many plants and animals, but where would they live if there was no different levels of land? That's where landforms come in. From the rivers to the mountains it is the perfect place for the plants and animals to live in. The soft, fertile soil is the ideal place for plants such as the The American Beech tree. The Deciduous Forest has many hills, mountians, an flat areas spread all throughout it. This helps the large animals prey on from on top of different inclines. The many different trees are home to many animals and they also serve as protection against outside forces.", "Typical landforms include hills, mountains, plateaus, canyons, valleys, as well as shoreline features such as bays, peninsulas, and seas, including submerged features such as mid-ocean ridges, volcanoes, and the great ocean basins. A landform is a natural feature of the Earth's surface. Landforms together make up a given terrain, and their arrangement on the landscape or the study of same is known as topography.", "Most of the taiga land consists of hills, valleys, lowlands, mountains, and plains. Bodies of waters are one of the few things that surround the Boreal Forest. During the summer, the Boreal forest is surround by grassy plants. ", "What is a Forest Landform. There are way too many forests in the world to count. We can also say it is unfortunate that we are losing forests every day. There are a lot of different types of forests around the world such as rainforests, boreal, coniferous and deciduous. In general though, forest landforms are made up of a lot of trees in a general area. Some of the most famous forests in the world include the rainforests of Brazil and Olympic national forest of the great state of Washington. Both of these types grouping of trees are gorgeous in pictures and seen in person. Types of forest can also compete. Deciduous and coniferous forests compete often for land space by trying to outgrow the other for more sunlight. When speaking about landforms, a forest landform is one of the most exciting types to discuss in a conversation.", "The rainforest biome is marked by the presence of different landforms such as mountains, valleys, rivers, wetlands, etc. These landforms give rise to a complex ecosystem with varied species. Read to know more in detail. The tropical rainforests are found in lowland regions. Topographical features of the rainforest regions include the mountains, valleys, streams, wetlands, rivers, etc. A thick forest cover is the prominent feature of tropical rainforests, irrespective of the topography (whether it is plain or mountainous).", "Photodisc/Photodisc/Getty Images. The temperate deciduous forest is one of the Earth's most diverse and populated biomes. Deciduous forests stretch up the east coasts of China, the United States and Australia, fill the islands of New Zealand and Japan, and cover most of Europe. The terrain or landforms of the deciduous forest are similarly varied.", "The tropical rainforests are characterized by a variety of landforms which give rise to a complex ecosystem in this region. The tropical rainforests are found in lowland regions. Topographical features of the rainforest regions include the mountains, valleys, streams, wetlands, rivers, etc. A thick forest cover is the prominent feature of tropical rainforests, irrespective of the topography (whether it is plain or mountainous)." ], "url": [ "http://biomedeciduous.weebly.com/landforms.html", "http://deciduousforestresearch.weebly.com/landforms.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landform", "http://surayaasif.weebly.com/landforms.html", "http://worldlandforms.com/landforms/forest/", "http://www.buzzle.com/articles/landforms-in-tropical-rainforests.html", "http://www.ehow.com/info_8168440_landforms-temperate-deciduous-forest.html", "http://www.buzzle.com/articles/landforms-in-tropical-rainforests.html" ] }

[ "What is a Forest Landform. There are way too many forests in the world to count. We can also say it is unfortunate that we are losing forests every day. There are a lot of different types of forests around the world such as rainforests, boreal, coniferous and deciduous. In general though, forest landforms are made up of a lot of trees in a general area. Some of the most famous forests in the world include the rainforests of Brazil and Olympic national forest of the great state of Washington. Both of these types grouping of trees are gorgeous in pictures and seen in person. Types of forest can also compete. Deciduous and coniferous forests compete often for land space by trying to outgrow the other for more sunlight. When speaking about landforms, a forest landform is one of the most exciting types to discuss in a conversation." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The filter in the air handling unit enables cleaning of the air. The air handling units are also called as fan coil units in case of roof mounted split AC units, since they comprise of the fan and the cooling coil. The air handling units are installed at the different places in the building to be air conditioned. 2) Cooling Coil: The cooling is one of the most important parts of the air handling units. It is made up of copper tubing of several turns and covered with the fins to increase the heat transfer efficiency of", "The capacity of the air handling units is rated in terms of the amount of air that can be handled by its fan. The capacity of the fan can be 30,000cfm (cubic feet per minute) with the static pressure of about 75 to 100mm of water gauge. 2) Cooling Coil: The cooling is one of the most important parts of the air handling units. It is made up of copper tubing of several turns and covered with the fins to increase the heat transfer efficiency of the cooling coil.", "AHUs in which the supply fan is installed after the heating and cooling coils are referred to as draw-through units since the supply fan draws the air through the unit. In blow-through AHUs, the supply fan is located prior to the coils. A basic definition of an air handling unit (AHU) might be “a box with a fan, coils, and filters.” From there it gets considerably more complicated.", "The air handling units are very important parts of the central air conditioning plants, packaged air conditioning plants and also the roof mounted split air conditioning systems. As the name suggests air handling unit is the box type of unit that handles the room air. 2) Cooling Coil: The cooling is one of the most important parts of the air handling units. It is made up of copper tubing of several turns and covered with the fins to increase the heat transfer efficiency of the cooling coil.", "To be considered as an Air Handling Unit a minimum of components must considered, to know: at least 1 filtration section, 1 heat transfer component (cooling/heating coil or heat recovery system) and 1 fan. An Air Handling Unit (most of the times abbreviated to AHU), or Air Handler, is a central air conditioner station that handles the air that, usually, will be supplied into the buildings by the ventilation ductwork (connected to the AHU).", "2. Understand the codes and standards that govern AHU specification. 3. Learn about how energy can be saved in HVAC systems that use AHUs. A basic definition of an air handling unit (AHU) might be “a box with a fan, coils, and filters.” From there it gets considerably more complicated.", "Small air handlers are called terminal units, and may only include an air filter, coil, and blower. These smaller units are also called blower coils or fan coil units. A larger air handler that conditions 100% outside air, and no re-circulated air, is known as a makeup air unit (MAU) . An air conditioner is designed to dehumidify and remove heat from an area. The cooling is done using a simple refrigeration cycle. A condenser is a component of the basic refrigeration cycle that removes heat from the system. The condenser is the hot side of an air conditioner. Condensers are heat exchangers that can transfer heat to air or heat to fluid (such as water or glycol) to carry the heat away. An air handler, or air handling unit (often called an AHU), is used to condition and circulate air as part of an HVAC system. An air handler usually contains a blower, heating or cooling elements, filter racks or chambers, sound attenuators, and dampers", "Small air handlers, for local use, are called terminal units, and may only include an air filter, coil, and blower; these simple terminal units are called blower coils or fan coil units. A larger air handler that conditions 100% outside air, and no recirculated air, is known as a makeup air unit (MAU). An air handler designed for outdoor use, typically on roofs, is known as a packaged unit (PU) or rooftop unit (RTU). An air handler is usually a large metal box containing a blower, heating or cooling elements, filter racks or chambers, sound attenuators, and dampers." ], "url": [ "http://www.brighthubengineering.com/hvac/50539-air-handling-units-or-fan-coil-units/", "http://www.brighthubengineering.com/hvac/50539-air-handling-units-or-fan-coil-units/", "http://www.csemag.com/single-article/how-to-select-an-air-handling-unit/2b3bef25d5dea7b95cbfe5369be413a0.html", "http://www.brighthubengineering.com/hvac/50539-air-handling-units-or-fan-coil-units/", "http://www.ahumagazine.com/air-handling-unit-definition-and-configuration-types/", "http://www.csemag.com/single-article/how-to-select-an-air-handling-unit/2b3bef25d5dea7b95cbfe5369be413a0.html", "http://welshco.com/resources-and-news/tips/facility-maintenance-definitions-what-is-the-difference-between-an-air-handler-air-conditioner-condenser-and-chiller", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_handler" ] }

[ "The capacity of the air handling units is rated in terms of the amount of air that can be handled by its fan. The capacity of the fan can be 30,000cfm (cubic feet per minute) with the static pressure of about 75 to 100mm of water gauge. 2) Cooling Coil: The cooling is one of the most important parts of the air handling units. It is made up of copper tubing of several turns and covered with the fins to increase the heat transfer efficiency of the cooling coil." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "hold someone or something off. 1. and keep someone or something off Lit. to do something physical to keep someone or something away; to stave someone or something off. Tom was trying to rob us, but we managed to hold him off. We held off the attackers.", "Definition of HOLD OFF. transitive verb. 1. : to block from an objective: delay. 2. 3. : to fight to a standoff: withstand. intransitive verb. : to defer or temporarily stop doing something. See hold off defined for kids.", "hold off. 1. To keep at a distance; resist: held the creditors off. 2. To stop or delay doing something: Let's hold off until we have more data. hold on. 1. To maintain one's grip; cling. 2. To endure or continue to do something despite difficulty: They held on until fresh supplies arrived. 3." ], "url": [ "http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/hold+off", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hold%20off", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/hold+off" ] }

[ "Definition of HOLD OFF. transitive verb. 1. : to block from an objective: delay. 2. 3. : to fight to a standoff: withstand. intransitive verb. : to defer or temporarily stop doing something. See hold off defined for kids." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The culture of poverty is a social theory that expands on the cycle of poverty. It attracted academic and policy attention in the 1960s, survived harsh academic criticism (Goode and Eames, 1996; Bourgois, 2001; Small M.L., Harding D.J., Lamont M., 2010), and made a comeback at the beginning of the 21st century. People with a culture of poverty have very little sense of history. They are a marginal people who know only their own troubles, their own local conditions, their own neighborhood, their own way of life.", "The Sociology of Poverty That there is a sociology of poverty is a considerable part of the problem of poverty research. That is, there is also an economics of poverty, a psychology of poverty, an anthropology of poverty, and a politics of poverty-- and all of these involve concrete histories. When these are torn asunder, we get research which too often not only does not illuminate poverty but serves to mystify it.", "Books on Culture of Poverty Thesis. The theory that certain groups and individuals tend to persist in a state of poverty because they have distinct beliefs, values and ways of behaving that are incompatible with economic success. The culture of poverty theory is a social theory that tries to explain the cycle of poverty. culture of poverty theory was discussed academic circles in the 1960s. culture of poverty theory tries to explain why poverty exists despite anti-poverty programs.", "The culture of poverty constitutes a design for living that is passed on from generation to the next. Individuals feel marginalized, helpless and inferior, and adopt an attitude of living for the present. They are fatalistic. Theories of Poverty: The Culture of Poverty. Equations are omitted for technical reasons-download the original pdf. The concept of a culture of poverty was introduced by American anthropologist, Oscar Lewis, as a result of studying the urban poor in Mexico and Puerto Rico.", "absolute poverty. (noun) A form of poverty that is the same regardless of country or culture and occurs when the resources required for minimum physical health are lacking, typically defined by limited access to food, clothing, and shelter. Audio Pronunciation: (ab·so·lute pov·er·ty). ", "By Ashley Crossman. Definition: Poverty is a condition in which people lack what they need to live; but the limits of “need to live” are a matter of definition. If poverty is defined in absolute terms (i.e. what people need to physically survive), it is relatively simple to define the point at which someone becomes poor.", "Economist John Kenneth Galbraith (1979) claimed that the cultures of the Least Industrialized Nations hold them back. Building on the ideas of anthropologist Oscar Lewis, Galbraith argued that some nations are crippled by a culture of poverty, a way of life that perpetuates poverty from one generation to the next. Most of the world's poor people are farmers who live on little plots of land. They barely produce enough food to survive.", "The people in the culture of poverty have a strong feeling of marginality, of helplessness, of dependency, of not belonging. They are like aliens in their own country, convinced that the existing institutions do not serve their interests and needs. People with a culture of poverty have very little sense of history. They are a marginal people who know only their own troubles, their own local conditions, their own neighborhood, their own way of life.", "The culture of poverty also emerges as a key concept in Michael Harrington 's discussion of American poverty in The Other America (1962). For Harrington, the culture of poverty is a structural concept defined by social institutions of exclusion which create and perpetuate the cycle of poverty in America. People with a culture of poverty have very little sense of history. They are a marginal people who know only their own troubles, their own local conditions, their own neighborhood, their own way of life." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_poverty", "http://www2.hawaii.edu/~manicas/pdf_files/pub/The%20Sociology%20of%20Poverty.pdf", "http://www.sociologyindex.com/culture_of_poverty_thesis.htm", "http://www.blacksacademy.net/content/3253.html", "http://sociologydictionary.org/absolute-poverty/", "http://sociology.about.com/od/P_Index/g/Poverty.htm", "http://www.sociologyguide.com/social-stratification/culture-of-poverty.php", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_poverty", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_poverty" ] }

[ "The culture of poverty is a social theory that expands on the cycle of poverty. It attracted academic and policy attention in the 1960s, survived harsh academic criticism (Goode and Eames, 1996; Bourgois, 2001; Small M.L., Harding D.J., Lamont M., 2010), and made a comeback at the beginning of the 21st century. People with a culture of poverty have very little sense of history. They are a marginal people who know only their own troubles, their own local conditions, their own neighborhood, their own way of life." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The American Civil War, widely known in the United States as simply the Civil War as well as other sectional names, was a civil war fought from 1861 to 1865 to determine the survival of the Union or independence for the Confederacy. The Civil War was a contest marked by the ferocity and frequency of battle. Over four years, 237 named battles were fought, as were many more minor actions and skirmishes, which were often characterized by their bitter intensity and high casualties.", "July 4, 1861 - Lincoln, in a speech to Congress, states the war is...a People's contest...a struggle for maintaining in the world, that form, and substance of government, whose leading object is, to elevate the condition of men.... The Congress authorizes a call for 500,000 men. February 9, 1861 - The Confederate States of America is formed with Jefferson Davis, a West Point graduate and former U.S. Army officer, as president. March 4, 1861 - Abraham Lincoln is sworn in as 16 th President of the United States of America.", "ANSWER: The time period after the American Civil War is known as, Reconstruction.. This was the process in which the South was to be rebuilt from the damages of the … war, and to eventually have a united country once again. 8 people found this useful. During the Civil War, women took on new roles, including running farms and plantations and spying; some disguised themselves as men and fought in battle. All of the nation's ethnic groups participated in the war, including Irish, Germans, American Indians, Jews, Chinese, Hispanics,t states.", "During the Civil War, sentiment concerning slaves, enslavement and emancipation in the United States was divided. In 1861, Lincoln worried that premature attempts at emancipation would mean the loss of the border states, and that to lose Kentucky is nearly the same as to lose the whole game.. The Civil War was a contest marked by the ferocity and frequency of battle. Over four years, 237 named battles were fought, as were many more minor actions and skirmishes, which were often characterized by their bitter intensity and high casualties.", "Time Period of the Civil War. The Civil War started April 12,1861 at approximately at 4:30 am. General Beruregard opened fire with cannons at Fort Sumpter in Charleston,South Carolina. It ended in 1865, but general robert e. lee surrendered his Confederate army to ulysses s. grant on april 9,1865.WHile the remmaining confederate forces surrenered sometime in may 1865. The Civil War started April 12,1861 at approximately at 4:30 am.", "1861 February 9, 1861 - The Confederate States of America is formed with Jefferson Davis, a West Point graduate and former U.S. Army officer, as president. March 4, 1861 - Abraham Lincoln is sworn in as 16th President of the United States of America. Fort Sumter Attacked April 12, 1861 - At 4:30 a.m. Confederates under Gen. Pierre Beauregard open fire with 50 cannons upon Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina. February 9, 1861 - The Confederate States of America is formed with Jefferson Davis, a West Point graduate and former U.S. Army officer, as president. March 4, 1861 - Abraham Lincoln is sworn in as 16 ", "Northerners have also called the Civil War the War to Preserve the Union, the War of the Rebellion (War of the Southern Rebellion), and the War to Make Men Free. Southerners may refer to it as the War Between the States or the War of Northern Aggression. The Civil War in the New York Times The New York Times Complete Civil War, 1861-1865 Edited by Harold Holzer and Craig L. Symonds Black Dog & Leventhal Publishing, 2010, $40 It is no stretch to say the New York Times was the nation’s most powerful newspaper during the Civil War.", "depression. The American Civil War, 1861-1865, resulted from long-standing sectional differences and questions not fully resolved when the United States Constitution was ratified in 1789. During the Civil War, women took on new roles, including running farms and plantations and spying; some disguised themselves as men and fought in battle. All of the nation's ethnic groups participated in the war, including Irish, Germans, American Indians, Jews, Chinese, Hispanics,t states.", "Even the earliest southern writing about the Civil War, in the period from the firing on Fort Sumter to the final surrender, produced no treatment of the war comparable to Walt Whitman's Drum-Taps (1865) or Herman Melville's Battle-Pieces and Aspects of the War (1866). ", "Abraham Lincoln (National Archives). The Civil War is the central event in America's historical consciousness. While the Revolution of 1776-1783 created the United States, the Civil War of 1861-1865 determined what kind of nation it would be. " ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War", "http://www.historyplace.com/civilwar/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_was_the_civil_war_time_period", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War", "http://warrensburg.k12.mo.us/soc/civilwar/matt.html", "http://www.historyplace.com/civilwar/", "http://www.historynet.com/civil-war", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_was_the_civil_war_time_period", "http://www.docsouth.unc.edu/southlit/civilwar.html", "http://www.civilwar.org/education/history/civil-war-overview/overview.html" ] }

[ "The American Civil War, widely known in the United States as simply the Civil War as well as other sectional names, was a civil war fought from 1861 to 1865 to determine the survival of the Union or independence for the Confederacy. The Civil War was a contest marked by the ferocity and frequency of battle. Over four years, 237 named battles were fought, as were many more minor actions and skirmishes, which were often characterized by their bitter intensity and high casualties." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Average salaries and hourly wage statistics for cosmetologists in Tennessee at various levels of experience are as follows: 1 Entry-level – $17,330/year. 2 $8.25/hour. 3 Mid-level – $23,705/year. 4 $11.40/hour. 5 Experienced – $32,486/year. 6 $15.60/hour. ", "Cosmetologist Salaries. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics employment and wage statistics last compiled in June, 2014, cosmetologists in the United States earn an hourly wage falling somewhere between $8.34 and $23.21. Annual salaries range from $15,530 to $42,460. The average full-time cosmetologist earns about $11.13 per hour, or $23,140 over the course of a year (2080 hours). Most licensed cosmetologists work in “personal care industries,” which include full-service salons, day spas and as skin care and nail technician", "Cosmetologist’s salary increases overtime as cosmetologist gains more experience. A cosmetologist with less than 1 year of experience collects an average hourly pay of up to $10.08 while a cosmetologist practicing for 1 to 5 years receives an average pay of up to $14.74 per hour. Keep reading for more information about cosmetologist salary, job description and career requirements", "The Bureau of Labor Statistics surveyed 31,450 licensed skincare specialists in 2011, including both estheticians and electrologists. They averaged $32,080 a year in full-time wages, or $15.42 per hour. Eighty percent of them made between $17,620 and $51,110 annual full-time pay. The highest-paying industry was doctor's offices, which paid an average of $38,680 per year. The $46,680 average annual wages in New Mexico were the highest of any state. Their average wage nationwide was $12.72 per hour, or $26,460 a year, according to the BLS. Their annual wages ranged from $16,710 a year or less for the lowest-earning 10 percent to $41,490 a year or higher for the top 10 percent.", "Average cosmetologist salary. In the United States, the average salary of cosmetologist is $24,421 per annum. The national hourly rate for cosmetologist is from $7.44 – $17.79 with average hourly tips from $0.52 – $5.09 and a top overtime pay of $23.59 per hour. A cosmetologist with less than 1 year of experience collects an average hourly pay of up to $10.08 while a cosmetologist practicing for 1 to 5 years receives an average pay of up to $14.74 per hour.", "The national average for a cosmetology salary is about $12.30 an hour – so if you work around 50 hours a week and take about two weeks of vacation, you’ll make approximately $30,750 over the course of a year. However, it’s almost impossible to use this as an absolute of what you’re going to be making. ", "$10.91. The median hourly wage for barbers, hairdressers, and cosmetologists was $10.95 in May 2012. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $8.11, and the top10 percent earned more than $20.39. ", "Many general cosmetologists perform skin and nail services in addition to hair care. Their average wage nationwide was $12.72 per hour, or $26,460 a year, according to the BLS. Their annual wages ranged from $16,710 a year or less for the lowest-earning 10 percent to $41,490 a year or higher for the top 10 percent.", "Cosmetology Instructor Salary. (United States). A Cosmetology Instructor earns an average wage of $15.45 per hour. Pay for this job does not change much by experience, with the most experienced earning only a bit more than the least. A skill in cosmetology is associated with high pay for this job." ], "url": [ "http://www.cosmetology-license.com/tennessee/tennessee-salary/", "http://www.jobmonkey.com/cosmetology/cosmetologist-earnings/", "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/allied-health-professionals/cosmetologist-salary", "http://work.chron.com/salary-ranges-cosmetologists-8660.html", "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/allied-health-professionals/cosmetologist-salary", "http://www.beautyschool.com/articles/cosmetology-salary", "http://www.bls.gov/ooh/Personal-Care-and-Service/Barbers-hairdressers-and-cosmetologists.htm", "http://work.chron.com/salary-ranges-cosmetologists-8660.html", "http://www.payscale.com/research/US/Job=Cosmetology_Instructor/Hourly_Rate" ] }

[ "Cosmetologist Salaries. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics employment and wage statistics last compiled in June, 2014, cosmetologists in the United States earn an hourly wage falling somewhere between $8.34 and $23.21. Annual salaries range from $15,530 to $42,460. The average full-time cosmetologist earns about $11.13 per hour, or $23,140 over the course of a year (2080 hours). Most licensed cosmetologists work in “personal care industries,” which include full-service salons, day spas and as skin care and nail technician" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Mortgage Warehouse offers no-loan-cost mortgages and low mortgage rates. A low rate on your home loan is key but shouldn't be the only thing you base your decision on.", "They pay back the warehouse lines of credit whens loans are sold, and may give a cut to the warehouse lender for each loan that is eventually sold. The mortgages are used as collateral for the temporary financing. Subprime Mortgage Lenders. Subprime lenders tend to focus on homeowners with less than stellar credit.", "The MBS Group with warehouse lending specializes in providing warehouse lines of credit to existing and emerging mortgage bankers nationwide. A warehouse line of credit is a revolving line of credit. Money is borrowed on a warehouse line of credit and added to your bottom line with a warehouse line of credit. Learn more about the warehouse lines of credit provied by MBS. We have the cash flow for a warehouse line and credibility needed to make the leap.", "BREAKING DOWN 'Warehouse Lending'. Loan originators depend on the eventual sale of a loan to repay the warehouse lender; therefore, warehouse lenders closely monitor each loan's progression with the originator toward its eventual sale.", "To ensure the repayment of warehouse lines of credit, warehouse lenders typically require a small charge for each transaction as well as for when the originators post collateral.", "DEFINITION of 'Warehouse Lending'. A line of credit extended by a financial institution to a loan originator to fund a mortgage that a borrower initially used to buy a property.", "The mortgage loan is originated and underwritten to investor standards based on sound QC procedures, then it is delivered to the Warehouse Lender in exchange for funding the closing of the mortgage note. A Warehouse Line is a Credit Line used to fund loans at the closing table." ], "url": [ "http://www.mortgagewarehouse.com/", "http://www.thetruthaboutmortgage.com/types-of-mortgage-lenders/", "http://www.mortgagebankingsolutions.com/warehouse_line_how_it_works.html", "http://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/warehouse_lending.asp", "http://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/warehouse_lending.asp", "http://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/warehouse_lending.asp", "http://www.mortgagebankingsolutions.com/warehouse_line_how_it_works.html" ] }

[ "BREAKING DOWN 'Warehouse Lending'. Loan originators depend on the eventual sale of a loan to repay the warehouse lender; therefore, warehouse lenders closely monitor each loan's progression with the originator toward its eventual sale." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Presented below is the baby name popularity of Marcia for girls. Marcia reached its top position of #87 in the U.S. during the years 1940-1949, but is not listed at the moment. (2014 Birth Statistics). Below is a graphed analysis of the usage of the girl name Marcia and related names. ", "Then just follow the diagram below. Just for fun, see the name Marzia in Hieroglyphics, learn about ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphics and write a Hieroglyphic message. Learn about nautical flags and see your name or message written in nautical flags, on the Marzia in Nautical Flags page. Nicknames may be formed for almost any name by adding a variety of suffexes including-ino/-ina, -etto/-etta, -ello/-ella, -uccio/-uccia, -uzzo/-uzza. These endings can the be used for example to turn Paola to Paoletta and Donato into Donatello.", "Maria is a very prominent first name for females (#7 out of 4276, Top 1%) and also a very prominent last name for both adults and children (#7915 out of 150436, Top 5%). (2000 U.S. Census). Charted below is the baby name popularity of Maria for girls. It is of Latin origin, and the meaning of Maria is star of the sea . Variant for Mary used in English-speaking countries in the 18th century, and popular with both Spanish and non-Spanish cultures. Revived in the 20th century due to the popularity of West Side Story , with its famous ballad .", "Marzia means a woman whom Allah is pleased with, and who herself is content and pleased with her situation. It is mentioned in Quran 89:28: Return to your Lord, well-pleased and pleasing [to Him]. ", "In the Roman Empire, the name was used as a feminine form of the Roman name Marius (see Maria (gens)). It became popular with the spread of Christianity as a Latinized form of the Hebrew name of Jesus' mother Mary (Miriam in Hebrew or Maryam in Aramaic). As a result of their similarity and syncretism, the Latin original name Maria and the Hebrew-derived Maria combined to form a single name. The meaning of the Semitic-rooted name is uncertain, but it may originally be an Egyptian name, probably derived from mry beloved or mr love (eminent lady or beloved lady).", "Maria /ma-ria/ [3 sylls.] as a girls' name is pronounced mah-REE-ah. It is of Latin origin, and the meaning of Maria is star of the sea . Variant for Mary used in English-speaking countries in the 18th century, and popular with both Spanish and non-Spanish cultures. Revived in the 20th century due to the popularity of West Side Story , with its famous ballad .", "Marzia is generally used as a girl's name. It consists of 6 letters and 3 syllables and is pronounced Mar-zi-a. In the U.S. in 2014, it ranked 18125 in baby name popularity for girls with 5 occurrences. Less than 5 boys were given the name. View the Marzia Name Popularity Page to see how the popularity trend for Marzia has changed since 1880, or to compare the popularity of Marzia to other names. Nicknames may be formed for almost any name by adding a variety of suffexes including-ino/-ina, -etto/-etta, -ello/-ella, -uccio/-uccia, -uzzo/-uzza. These endings can the be used for example to turn Paola to Paoletta and Donato into Donatello.", "Marzia has its origins in the Latin and Arabic languages. It is used largely in Italian. The name can be from the Persian pronunciation of Mardhiya; in this derviation it is common among Afghans, Iranians, and Persians. In addition, Marzia is an Italian form of the English, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, and Polish Marcia. Marzia is also a form of the name Mardhiya. Marzia is the feminine equivalent of the Italian Marzio. Variant forms inherit the origin and meaning of the name Marzia. Marzia is not commonly used as a baby girl name. It is not in the top 1000 names. Baby names that sound like Marzia include Maarika, Maeria, Maheera, Mahiera, Mahirah, Mahyra, Maiara, Mairia, Mairsile, Manara, Manarra, Mannara, Mannarra, Manyara, Manyarah, Maraike, Marayah, Marcea, Marchesa, and Marchessa. ", "Origin of the name Marcia: Feminine form of the Latin Marcius, a variant of Marcus, which is derived from Mars, the Roman mythological god of war. From A World of Baby Names by Teresa Norman. Buy the book." ], "url": [ "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/0/Marcia", "http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Marzia.html", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/0/Maria", "http://quranicnames.com/marzia/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_(given_name)", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/0/Maria", "http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Marzia.html", "http://www.babynamespedia.com/meaning/Marzia", "http://www.babynamewizard.com/baby-name/girl/marzia" ] }

[ "Maria is a very prominent first name for females (#7 out of 4276, Top 1%) and also a very prominent last name for both adults and children (#7915 out of 150436, Top 5%). (2000 U.S. Census). Charted below is the baby name popularity of Maria for girls. It is of Latin origin, and the meaning of Maria is star of the sea . Variant for Mary used in English-speaking countries in the 18th century, and popular with both Spanish and non-Spanish cultures. Revived in the 20th century due to the popularity of West Side Story , with its famous ballad ." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Organic vegetables at a farmers' market in Argentina. Organic foods are foods produced by organic farming. While the standards differ worldwide, organic farming in general features cultural, biological, and mechanical practices that foster cycling of resources, promote ecological balance, and conserve biodiversity.", "or·gan·ic food. Food grown or raised without the use of additives, coloring, synthetic chemicals (e.g., fertilizers, pesticides, hormones), radiation, or genetic manipulation and meeting criteria of the U.S.D.A. Standard National Organic Program. ", "Explains what the organic label means on foods and how to identify organic foods in the grocery store. University of Wisconsin Cooperative Extension. Explains what the organic label means on foods and how to identify organic foods in the grocery store. Organically Produced Foods: Nutritive Content USDA. NAL. Alternative Farming Systems Information Center. Provides answers to commonly asked questions related to organic food and organic food labeling. Natural and Organic Foods (PDF | 71 KB) Food Marketing Institute. Provides answers to questions regarding consumer purchase behavior of organic and natural foods in the marketplace.", "1 Not relating to or derived from living matter: non-organic archaeological finds. More example sentences. 1 Kubrick and Shahni's visual surfaces are highly decorative; they integrate the human with the non-organic surfaces of everyday objects and spaces and in Shahani's case, with nature as well. 1 Kubrick and Shahni's visual surfaces are highly decorative; they integrate the human with the non-organic surfaces of everyday objects and spaces and in Shahani's case, with nature as well. 2 Although in practice this may be true, consumption of non-organic materials is probably a by-product of their foraging.", "organic adjective (NO CHEMICALS). › not using ​artificial ​chemicals in the ​production of ​plants and ​animals for ​food: organic ​fruits and ​vegetables. (Definition of organic from the Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary © Cambridge University Press). B2 not using ​artificial ​chemicals in the ​growing of ​plants and ​animals for ​food and other ​products: organic ​food/​fruit/​farms/​farmers. More examples. 1 Cheap organic ​ food is still ​ difficult to come by.", "food. 1. any nourishing substance eaten, drunk, or otherwise taken into the body to sustain life, provide energy, promote growth, etc. 2. more or less solid nourishment, as distinguished from liquids. 3. a particular kind of solid nourishment: a breakfast food; dog food. food. n. 1. Material, usually of plant or animal origin, that contains or consists of essential body nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals, and is ingested and assimilated by an organism to produce energy, stimulate growth, and maintain life. 2. A specified kind of nourishment: breakfast food; plant food.", "Producers who meet standards set by the NOP may label their products as “USDA Certified Organic.”. National Organic Standards Board (NOSB) definition, April 1995. “ 1 Organic agriculture is an ecological production management system that promotes and enhances biodiversity, biological cycles and soil biological activity. ", "organic adjective (NO CHEMICALS). B2 not using ​artificial ​chemicals in the ​growing of ​plants and ​animals for ​food and other ​products: organic ​food/​fruit/​farms/​farmers. More examples. 1 Cheap organic ​ food is still ​ difficult to come by." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_food", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Organic+food", "http://fnic.nal.usda.gov/food-labeling/organic-foods", "http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/non-organic", "http://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/organic", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/organic+food", "http://www.nal.usda.gov/afsic/pubs/ofp/ofp.shtml", "http://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/organic" ] }

[ "Organic vegetables at a farmers' market in Argentina. Organic foods are foods produced by organic farming. While the standards differ worldwide, organic farming in general features cultural, biological, and mechanical practices that foster cycling of resources, promote ecological balance, and conserve biodiversity." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 According to the Department of Agriculture in 2009, the average cost to feed a cow was $335 annually. 2 If using a pasture, FarmandRanchGuide.com claims that is usually around $30 per acre, or $216 per year. 3 They claim that each cow uses an estimated 1.2 acres per month.", "1 The cost of feed will vary with what the feed is made of as well as the demand from your cattle. 2 You also must take into consideration the gain you will return from the cost of feeding your herd. 3 On average, plan on spending around $215 to $425 per year, per cow for cattle feed.", "1 The cost of feeding your cattle will depend on where you live and how much your supplier charges. 2 The cost of feed will vary with what the feed is made of as well as the demand from your cattle. 3 You also must take into consideration the gain you will return from the cost of feeding your herd.", "For cows balanced at 60 pounds of milk, the feed cost was $4.01 per cow per day, cows consumed 44.9 pounds of dry matter and ration costs were 9 cents per pound of dry matter. Based on these computer results, you can save some money, providing cows do not drop in milk yield when being moved to a lower group.", "Dyk cited the purchased feed costs for 2006 through 2009 provided by the Wisconsin Center for Dairy Profitability, which showed a range from $751 per cow in 2006 to $1,212 in 2008 and daily per cow costs of $2.06 and $3.32, respectively, for the two years.", "In a dairy business, feed costs typically represent 40 to 50% of the costs of producing milk, making feed costs the largest cost category. In recent years, feed costs have represented more than 60% of the cost of producing milk when corn and soybean meal prices have been high.", "1 A dairy cow will usually have a price ranging anywhere between $700-$3,000. 2 Older milking cows are priced lower than the younger ones. 3 Dairy cows at the age of 5 years old may be priced at $1800-$3000.", "For cows producing 80 pounds of milk, daily feed costs were $5.10 per head per day, cows consumed 49.6 pounds of dry matter and the cost was 10.2 cents per pound of dry matter." ], "url": [ "http://www.howmuchisit.org/how-much-does-cattle-feed-cost/", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/how-much-does-cattle-feed-cost/", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/how-much-does-cattle-feed-cost/", "https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/news/columns/dairy-focus/dairy-focus-some-feed-cost-cutbacks-can-cost-you/", "http://www.wisfarmer.com/features/115907189.html", "http://www.uky.edu/Ag/AnimalSciences/dairy/newsletters/2011Special/dap0110.pdf", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/how-much-do-dairy-cows-cost/", "https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/news/columns/dairy-focus/dairy-focus-some-feed-cost-cutbacks-can-cost-you/" ] }

[ "1 According to the Department of Agriculture in 2009, the average cost to feed a cow was $335 annually. 2 If using a pasture, FarmandRanchGuide.com claims that is usually around $30 per acre, or $216 per year. 3 They claim that each cow uses an estimated 1.2 acres per month." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "GetApp is a Gartner company. Headquartered in Barcelona (Spain), GetApp, is the #1 Business Apps Marketplace and we have been selected as one of the top 100 startups in Europe by Wired in 2013 and one of the fastest growing tech startup in Europe (top 5 in Spain) by the The Next Web in 2014 and 2015. GetApp is the #1 Business Apps Marketplace and has been selected as one of the top 100 startups in Europe by Wired in 2013 and one of the fastest growing tech startup in Europe (top 5 in Spain) by the TheNextWeb in 2014 and 2015.", "Parim review Verified Reviewer Louisa Brown, Senior Consultant-GoldmillsWe only signed up to use PARiM last month but it’s already become integral into how we work and the potential for use in our business and industry is huge. Louisa Brown, Senior Consultant-Goldmills. We only signed up to use PARiM last month but it’s already become integral into how we work and the potential for use in our business and industry is huge. It saves us a lot of time and makes it much easier for us to manage and connect with the staff we provide our clients.", "Good ERP Solution for small and midsize companies Verified Reviewer Aziza Israilova, Customer Support Manager at kpi.com-Finnet LimitedThere a lot of features that may not be visible at first. Many features are useful and everything is integrated. KPI.comOperations Management. Louisa Brown, Senior Consultant-Goldmills. We only signed up to use PARiM last month but it’s already become integral into how we work and the potential for use in our business and industry is huge. It saves us a lot of time and makes it much easier for us to manage and connect with the staff we provide our clients.", "GetApp is the #1 Business Apps Marketplace and has been selected as one of the top 100 startups in Europe by Wired in 2013 and one of the fastest growing tech startup in Europe (top 5 in Spain) by the The Next Web in 2014 and 2015. GetApp is the #1 Business Apps Marketplace and has been selected as one of the top 100 startups in Europe by Wired in 2013 and one of the fastest growing tech startup in Europe (top 5 in Spain) by the TheNextWeb in 2014 and 2015.", "GetApp is the #1 Business Apps Marketplace and has been selected as one of the top 100 startups in Europe by Wired in 2013 and one of the fastest growing tech startup in Europe (top 3 in Spain) by the The Next Web in 2014. GetApp helps businesses to discover and evaluate the perfect business apps for their needs. GetApp is the #1 Business Apps Marketplace and has been selected as one of the top 100 startups in Europe by Wired in 2013 and one of the fastest growing tech startup in Europe (top 5 in Spain) by the TheNextWeb in 2014 and 2015.", "GetApp Lab. GetApp Lab puts insights, trends, and research at users’ fingertips to make the process of finding the right software for their business easier. The Lab offers the know-how needed to keep up with the constant changes in the way companies do business. Nubera is an ecosystem of business app and software discovery platforms. Its mission is to advise professionals to help them find the software and apps that best meet their needs.", "CloudWork. CloudWork is a discovery platform for the best integrations between business apps. The site focuses on identifying the most popular integrations between apps in order to automate tasks such as sharing data between collaboration, CRM, marketing, helpdesk, finance, or storage software. Nubera is an ecosystem of business app and software discovery platforms. Its mission is to advise professionals to help them find the software and apps that best meet their needs.", "Here at GetApp we know a thing or two about content marketing. And we understand that the right tools can really help throughout the whole publication process. Apps can be used for idea generation, scheduling, writing, editing, collaboration, promotion, and monitoring success. GetApp.com. October 3 at 5:08am ·. We've rounded up some experts in their fields and spoken to some businesses that have transformed the way they service their customers by using cloud-based apps to tell you what benefits you can get.", "GetApp is the leading premium business app discovery platform on the web. The site focuses on profiling established business apps — mostly software as a service (SaaS) — targeting an audience of small and medium-sized businesses and business buyers from enterprise departments. Nubera is an ecosystem of business app and software discovery platforms. Its mission is to advise professionals to help them find the software and apps that best meet their needs." ], "url": [ "http://getapp.mytribehr.com/careers/", "https://www.getapp.com/", "https://www.getapp.com/", "http://getapp.mytribehr.com/careers/", "http://getapp.mytribehr.com/careers/", "http://nubera.com/", "http://nubera.com/", "https://www.facebook.com/GetAppcom", "http://nubera.com/" ] }

[ "GetApp is the #1 Business Apps Marketplace and has been selected as one of the top 100 startups in Europe by Wired in 2013 and one of the fastest growing tech startup in Europe (top 3 in Spain) by the The Next Web in 2014. GetApp helps businesses to discover and evaluate the perfect business apps for their needs. GetApp is the #1 Business Apps Marketplace and has been selected as one of the top 100 startups in Europe by Wired in 2013 and one of the fastest growing tech startup in Europe (top 5 in Spain) by the TheNextWeb in 2014 and 2015." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Neuropathy, also referred to as neuralgia or neuritis, is a type of pain that involves the nerves. Neuropathy results from nerve degeneration, pressure, inflammation, or infection. There are several causes of neuropathy, including carpal tunnel syndrome, pinched nerves, spinal stenosis, and pressure from spinal discs. ", "Pinched median nerve. A pinched nerve occurs when too much pressure (compression) is applied to a nerve by surrounding tissues. In some cases, this tissue might be bone or cartilage, such as in the case of a herniated spinal disk that compresses a nerve root. This pressure causes inflammation of the nerve and disrupts the nerve's function. If a nerve is pinched for only a short time, there's usually no permanent damage. Once the pressure is relieved, nerve function returns to normal. However, if the pressure continues, chronic pain and permanent nerve damage can occur.", "A pinched nerve occurs when too much pressure is applied to a nerve by surrounding tissues, such as bones, cartilage, muscles or tendons. This pressure disrupts the nerve's function, causing pain, tingling, numbness or weakness. Likewise, a pinched nerve in your wrist can lead to pain and numbness in your hand and fingers (carpal tunnel syndrome). With rest and other conservative treatments, most people recover from a pinched nerve within a few days or weeks. Sometimes, surgery is needed to relieve pain from a pinched nerve. 1 Symptoms.", "A pinched nerve is a nerve under pressure. This pressure often comes from surrounding bone or soft tissues. A nerve under enough pressure will lose its ability to carry accurate signals, and its wayward signals can cause a variety of sensations in the body. For example, when a nerve is pinched or compressed, it can trigger the nerve to falsely signal pain.", "If there is pressure on the nerve, then either injections or a lumbar decompression spine surgery to take pressure off the nerve may be recommended. Back surgery for a pinched nerve can usually be done with a minimally invasive approach, and will usually result in early return to normal function (1 to 3 weeks). The success rate for decompression spine surgery is high, with approximately 90% of patients experiencing good relief of the leg pain after the surgery. Surgery to treat low back pain can be a far more extensive type of back surgery, with a longer healing period and a somewhat lower success rate, than back surgery for a pinched nerve (leg pain).", "Pinched Nerve. Put a straw in your fist. Now squeeze. You’ll notice not much is able to pass through the straw. This is, essentially, what is happening in your spine when you have a pinched nerve. Your spinal cord or nerves (the straw) are being squeezed because of the impinging by bone/and or disc material. Decompression is a surgical procedure to relieve pressure and alleviate pain caused by this impingement.", "More aggressive treatments like epidural steroid injections and physical therapy also may be helpful for patients experiencing significant pain. It is important to keep in mind that these treatments do not always provide permanent relief, and, short of surgery, there is no cure for a pinched nerve. In cases where pain has become chronic or where damage is permanent, surgery may be recommended. Laser Spine Institute can perform pinched nerve surgery using advanced, minimally invasive techniques that come with far fewer side effects and a higher rate of success than traditional open back surgery. ", "A. A. Nerve blocks are used for pain treatment and management. Often a group of nerves, called a plexus or ganglion, that causes pain to a specific organ or body region can be blocked with the injection of medication into a specific area of the body. The injection of this nerve-numbing substance is called a nerve block. ", "Specifically in the spine, pinched nerves can be caused by a slipped or herniated disc, or spinal bone spurs. Pinched nerves are most common in areas of the body where the nerves have to pass through narrow passages such as the back, or neck. Symptoms of a pinched nerve can include any of the following: 1 Tingling or numbness in the extremities. 2 A burning sensation that can lead to intense pain. 3 Muscle spasm" ], "url": [ "http://www.spinediagnostic.com/tabid/14321/mid/24616/ContentPubID/976/ContentClassificationGroupID/-1/Default.aspx", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pinched-nerve/basics/causes/CON-20029601", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pinched-nerve/basics/definition/CON-20029601", "https://www.laserspineinstitute.com/back_problems/pinched_nerve/", "http://www.spine-health.com/treatment/spine-specialists/what-expect-spine-surgery-low-back-pain", "http://www.back.com/spine-back-surgery/back-surgery-options/decompression-pinched-nerve/index.htm", "https://www.laserspineinstitute.com/back_problems/pinched_nerve/treatment/pinched_nerve_recovery_time/", "http://www.webmd.com/pain-management/guide/nerve-blocks", "http://sinicropispine.com/conditions/pinched-nerve/" ] }

[ "More aggressive treatments like epidural steroid injections and physical therapy also may be helpful for patients experiencing significant pain. It is important to keep in mind that these treatments do not always provide permanent relief, and, short of surgery, there is no cure for a pinched nerve. In cases where pain has become chronic or where damage is permanent, surgery may be recommended. Laser Spine Institute can perform pinched nerve surgery using advanced, minimally invasive techniques that come with far fewer side effects and a higher rate of success than traditional open back surgery. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1.60. Portland Oregon's downtown city block is 68,000, while Chicago's uses a double block size of 217,000. The average city has from 15 to 20 blocks per mile, which range from a 264' to 352' frontage which is usually a square, or about 69,000 to 123,000 sq. ft. or 1.60 to 2.84 Acres.", "City Blocks differ in size, but the typical square city block reaches 16 or 17 per mile, or 2.21 to 2.50 Acres. Engineers use a typical city block as 100,000 sq. ft. for calculation estimates, which is about 17 blocks per mile or 2 1/4 acres. (A football field is 300 feet by 160 feet, which is 1.1 Acres.).", "Philadelphia’s Center City blocks tend to average around 400 to 500 feet, giving pedestrians a substantial degree of freedom in their choice of routes between two points. Dan Burden and Reid Ewing agree that blocks over 500 feet start to push the boundaries of walkability. As Ewing put it, “Generally shorter is better.", "According to Google maps, in Seattle: The average for a STANDARD city block is 14.5 blocks per mile, or 0.0689655 miles per block.", "According to Google maps, in Seattle: The average for a STANDARD city block is 14.5 blocks per mile, or 0.0689655 miles per block. (Meridian Ave, between N 50th and N 36th … st ~ 6th Ave in downtown Seattle, between Olive way and Main St) The average for a SHORT city block is 20 blocks per mile, or 0.0", "(8th Ave NW, between NW 65th st and NW 45th st) The average for a LONG city block is 8 blocks per mile, or 0.125 miles per block. (NW 62nd st, between 24th Ave NW and 8th Ave NW) The average length of ANY given city block in Seattle is 14.166 blocks per mile, or 0.07", "Obviously not all city blocks are the same length but the average block in Center City is around .1 mi, or 528 feet." ], "url": [ "http://land4ever.com/block.htm", "http://land4ever.com/block.htm", "http://planphilly.com/articles/2008/07/23/3568", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Average_length_of_a_city_block", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_far_in_feet_is_average_city_block_in_Philadelphia", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_far_in_feet_is_average_city_block_in_Philadelphia", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_far_in_feet_is_average_city_block_in_Philadelphia" ] }

[ "Philadelphia’s Center City blocks tend to average around 400 to 500 feet, giving pedestrians a substantial degree of freedom in their choice of routes between two points. Dan Burden and Reid Ewing agree that blocks over 500 feet start to push the boundaries of walkability. As Ewing put it, “Generally shorter is better." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "In reality the atoms are remaining fixed. in the lattice, but there is an illusion that the holes are physically moving. 2. DIODES A solid state diode consists of p-type and n-type semiconductors placed side by side. Diodes only allow electricity to flow in one direction through them. This is called an n-type semiconductor. Boron can also be used to dope a pure crystal of silicon. But since boron only offers 3 of the four electrons that a silicon atom needs, each silicon center is left with a hole. Semiconductors made in this manner are called p-type.", "As an example we now consider an abrupt one-sided p-n diode. The current is shown as function of the voltage in Figure 4.4.7. It is calculated for a rather low n-type doping of 10 13 cm -3 to further highlight the high injection effects. When calculating the current in a p-n diode one needs to know the carrier density and the electric field throughout the p-n diode which can then be used to obtain the drift and diffusion current. Unfortunately, this requires the knowledge of the quasi-Fermi energies, which is only known if the currents are known.", "The specific properties of a semiconductor depend on the impurities, or dopants, added to it. An N-type semiconductor carries current mainly in the form of negatively-charged electrons, in a manner similar to the conduction of current in a wire. A P-type semiconductor carries current predominantly as electron deficiencies called holes. A hole has a positive electric charge, equal and opposite to the charge on an electron. In a semiconductor material, the flow of holes occurs in a direction opposite to the flow of electrons. Part of the Electronics glossary: A semiconductor is a substance, usually a solid chemical element or compound, that can conduct electricity under some conditions but not others, making it a good medium for the control of electrical current.", "Part of the Electronics glossary: Also see voltage, resistance, and Ohm's Law. Current is a flow of electrical charge carriers, usually electrons or electron-deficient atoms. The common symbol for current is the uppercase letter I.", "The term intrinsic here distinguishes between the properties of pure intrinsic silicon and the dramatically different properties of doped n-type or p-type semiconductors. The conductivity of a semiconductor can be modeled in terms of the band theory of solids. ", "In electronics, a diode is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts primarily in one direction (asymmetric conductance); it has low (ideally zero) resistance to the flow of current in one direction, and high (ideally infinite) resistance in the other. 1 For a bias less than the PIV, the reverse current is very small. 2 For a normal P–N rectifier diode, the reverse current through the device in the micro-ampere (µA) range. 3 However, this is temperature dependent, and at sufficiently high temperatures, a substantial amount of reverse current can be observed (mA or more).", "In a p-n junction diode, electrons and holes are the minority charge carriers in the p-region and the n-region, respectively. Due to the diffusion of charge carriers, the diffusion current, which flows from the p to n region, is exactly balanced by the equal and opposite drift current. In a biased p-n junction, the drift current is independent of the biasing, as the number of minority carriers is independent of the biasing voltages. Drift current density due to the charge carriers such as free electrons and holes is the current passing through a square centimeter area perpendicular to the direction of flow. (i) Drift current density J n, due to free electrons is given by: (ii) Drift current density J p, due to holes is given by:", "A semiconductor diode, the most common type today, is a crystalline piece of semiconductor material with a p–n junction connected to two electrical terminals. A vacuum tube diode has two electrodes, a plate (anode) and a heated cathode. Semiconductor diodes were the first semiconductor electronic devices. 1 For a bias less than the PIV, the reverse current is very small. 2 For a normal P–N rectifier diode, the reverse current through the device in the micro-ampere (µA) range. 3 However, this is temperature dependent, and at sufficiently high temperatures, a substantial amount of reverse current can be observed (mA or more)." ], "url": [ "http://www.emsb.qc.ca/laurenhill/science/mosfet.pdf", "http://ecee.colorado.edu/~bart/book/book/chapter4/ch4_4.htm", "http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/semiconductor", "http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/current", "http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/intrin.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drift_current", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode" ] }

[ "The specific properties of a semiconductor depend on the impurities, or dopants, added to it. An N-type semiconductor carries current mainly in the form of negatively-charged electrons, in a manner similar to the conduction of current in a wire. A P-type semiconductor carries current predominantly as electron deficiencies called holes. A hole has a positive electric charge, equal and opposite to the charge on an electron. In a semiconductor material, the flow of holes occurs in a direction opposite to the flow of electrons. Part of the Electronics glossary: A semiconductor is a substance, usually a solid chemical element or compound, that can conduct electricity under some conditions but not others, making it a good medium for the control of electrical current." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Butterfly Symbolism, Butterfly Symbol Meaning. To many cultures the butterfly was a symbol of the soul, love, and rebirth. In Japan the butterfly symbolized the personification of a human's soul. In ancient Greek, the word butterfly means soul, or mind. In China, their culture sees two butterflies flying together as the symbol for love. This metamorphisis often symbolizes significant change in the course of someone's life, personality, or even their way of thinking. In the western world the butterfly is a symbol of freedom, fun and good times. The butterfly also symbolizes being natural, and it signifies purity to people in the west.", "Later, it emerges from death, having transformed into something more beautiful and powerful than it was. The butterfly symbol is seen especially around Easter, the Christian holiday that celebrates the resurrection of Christ.", "But the butterfly is also a symbol of every Christian's hope of resurrection from the dead, so it is sometimes displayed at the memorials and funerals of believers as well. The butterfly symbol is seen especially around Easter, the Christian holiday that celebrates the resurrection of Christ.", "Butterfly. In Christianity, the butterfly has long been a symbol of the resurrection of Christ as well as the resurrection of believers. The caterpillar disappears into a cocoon, which is like the tomb Christ lay in after the crucifixion, appearing dead. The butterfly symbol is seen especially around Easter, the Christian holiday that celebrates the resurrection of Christ.", "Here are some popular and interesting butterfly meaning beliefs across the globe: 1 Native Americans-legend has it that if you have a secret wish all you have to do is capture a butterfly and whisper your desire into its antenna. Depending on your culture or religious affiliation, your butterfly symbolism beliefs may differ. However, people from all walks of life seem to have more similarities regarding what they believe about the true meaning of butterflies. Butterflies represent change and transformation to many people.", "In Christianity, the butterfly has long been a symbol of the resurrection of Christ as well as the resurrection of believers. The butterfly symbol is seen especially around Easter, the Christian holiday that celebrates the resurrection of Christ.", "“To the Japanese, the dragonfly symbolizes summer and autumn and is admired and respected all over, so much so. that the Samurai use it as a symbol of power, agility and best of all, victory. ", "The meaning of the Butterfly symbol signifies transformation as the ugly caterpillar changes into the beautiful butterfly. The butterfly is also believed to be a messenger from the spirit world. The message the butterfly brings depends their color. ", "Butterfly Symbolism & the meaning of Transcendence. Butterfly Symbolism and Meaning... by Presley Love .... Butterfly is so elegant and beautiful she is the essence and embodiment, the spiritual symbol of the divine feminine. Butterfly Meaning &The Transcendent Energies of the Butterfly Spirit Animal. Butterfly is the embodiment of spiritual growth and transcendence perhaps more than any other life form on earth, because of the transformation from caterpillar to Butterfly.", "Butterflies And Angels. In addition to the spiritual guidance we can receive through the metaphor of the butterfly, and by looking at it’s meaning as a power animal, when we see butterflies there is often even more than meets the eye. " ], "url": [ "http://www.symbolism.co/butterfly_symbolism.html", "http://www.religionfacts.com/butterfly", "http://www.religionfacts.com/butterfly", "http://www.religionfacts.com/butterfly", "http://www.butterfly-wall-art.com/butterfly-symbolism.html", "http://www.religionfacts.com/butterfly", "http://scalar.usc.edu/works/chid490animalmourning/dragonfly-and-butterfly", "http://www.symbols.com/symbol/1249", "http://www.universeofsymbolism.com/butterfly-symbolism.html", "http://www.ask-angels.com/spiritual-guidance/butterfly-meaning/" ] }

[ "Butterfly Symbolism, Butterfly Symbol Meaning. To many cultures the butterfly was a symbol of the soul, love, and rebirth. In Japan the butterfly symbolized the personification of a human's soul. In ancient Greek, the word butterfly means soul, or mind. In China, their culture sees two butterflies flying together as the symbol for love. This metamorphisis often symbolizes significant change in the course of someone's life, personality, or even their way of thinking. In the western world the butterfly is a symbol of freedom, fun and good times. The butterfly also symbolizes being natural, and it signifies purity to people in the west." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "White pepper is used the same way as the black variety and enhances fresh or cooked foods with a lighter and distinct flavoring. White pepper is a slightly milder version of the common black pod or grind. They both originate from the same berries, which are called peppercorns. The plant, pepper nigrum, is propagated in.", "Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae, cultivated for its fruit, which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning. Black pepper is native to south India, and is extensively cultivated there and elsewhere in tropical regions. Currently Vietnam is the world's largest producer and exporter of pepper and producing 34% of the world's Piper nigrum crop as of 2008.", "BLACK PEPPER AND WHITE PEPPER Overview Information. Black pepper and white pepper are made from the Piper nigrum plant. Black pepper is ground from dried, whole unripe fruit. White pepper is ground from dried, ripe fruit that has had the outer layer removed. The black pepper and white pepper powder are used to make medicine. People take black pepper for stomach upset, bronchitis, and cancer. They take white pepper for stomach upset, malaria, cholera, and cancer", "Dried ground pepper has been used since antiquity for both its flavour and as a traditional medicine. Black pepper is the world's most traded spice. It is one of the most common spices added to European cuisine and its descendants. Black pepper is native to south India, and is extensively cultivated there and elsewhere in tropical regions. Currently Vietnam is the world's largest producer and exporter of pepper and producing 34% of the world's Piper nigrum crop as of 2008.", "In some culinary circles, there is hot debate over which sort of pepper to use, white or black. Some chefs use white pepper strictly for aesthetic reasons: they use white pepper in white or light-colored dishes and sauces so there won’t be any black flecks. Other chefs find white pepper to be a more complex yet subtle flavor than that of black pepper, which can be pretty in-your-face. ", "That’s because black and white pepper are from the same fruit of the pepper vine. They both have bite, but black pepper is spicier and more flavorful with a earthy, citrusy taste, while white pepper is more sharp and can have a pungent smell. And white pepper is the ripe, dark red fruit, that has been soaked in water for up to two weeks until it ferments and the skin falls off, leaving only the white seed to be dried. After processing, both are referred to as peppercorns, which can be used in whole, cracked or ground form.", "/ Edit Post. Email. Black and white peppercorns are both the fruit of the pepper plant, but they are processed differently. Black peppercorns are picked when almost ripe and sun-dried, turning the outer layer black. To produce white peppercorns, this outer layer is removed before or after drying, leaving only the inner seed. While black pepper is more common in American kitchens, using white pepper in light-colored dishes for aesthetic reasons (such as white sauces and mashed potatoes) is a tradition that originated in French cookery, FAL says. However, white pepper is also used in some cuisines for its specific flavor." ], "url": [ "http://www.bigoven.com/article/recipe/white%20pepper", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_pepper", "http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-800-BLACK%20PEPPER%20AND%20WHITE%20PEPPER.aspx?activeIngredientId=800&activeIngredientName=BLACK%20PEPPER%20AND%20WHITE%20PEPPER", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_pepper", "http://www.reluctantgourmet.com/white-pepper/", "http://blog.seasonwithspice.com/2012/02/health-benefits-of-black-pepper.html", "http://www.chowhound.com/food-news/138263/whats-the-difference-between-black-and-white-pepper/" ] }

[ "BLACK PEPPER AND WHITE PEPPER Overview Information. Black pepper and white pepper are made from the Piper nigrum plant. Black pepper is ground from dried, whole unripe fruit. White pepper is ground from dried, ripe fruit that has had the outer layer removed. The black pepper and white pepper powder are used to make medicine. People take black pepper for stomach upset, bronchitis, and cancer. They take white pepper for stomach upset, malaria, cholera, and cancer" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A tip when shooting raw: Do shoot in black and white. This way you can check the results in black and white on your LCD, and back at your computer you've still got all colour information in the raw file. When shooting in RAW and switching to Black and White mode you see your results in the LCD in black and white but the camera actually records all of the information (including color) – the best of both worlds. But if you’re shooting in JPEG – shoot in color and do the conversion later", "When you take a picture in RAW format and ask the camera to convet it to black and white it will do so just for display purposes on the camera's screen. However, the picture is still in RAW format which is as seen and therefore will always be in colour until you change the sttings of the picture using your computer. When shooting in RAW and switching to Black and White mode you see your results in the LCD in black and white but the camera actually records all of the information (including color) – the best of both worlds. But if you’re shooting in JPEG – shoot in color and do the conversion la", "3. If there's a horizon in your fireworks shots, then yes, it should be level. If not it doesn't matter. 4. Landscapes. 5. True 6. You should use raw for B&W AND colour. B&W is of no relevance here. 7. False. 8. True. Use a high ISO. Shoot in black and white mode. Take pictures at midday. When photographing fireworks, it is important to watch that your horizons are even.", "A good tip for digital SLR users is to shoot in the RAW format (which you should do for the best quality colour to black and white conversions anyway) but set the Picture Style (this is Canon's term-check your instruction manual if you have another brand of camera) to a black and white mode. Black and white is a very effective medium for landscape photography. It draws attention to the shapes and forms of the components within the landscape, and the quality of light. This photo, taken on the Bolivian altiplano, is reduced to a series of shapes and blocks of light and dark tones in black and white.", "4. ISO. In photography, an ISO number is an indication of the sensitivity of the image sensor, where a higher number indicates higher sensitivity. The higher the ISO is the more are the possibilities to take pictures in low light, without the usage of flash. For black and white photography, use the lowest ISO. When you use high ISO the noise will become more obvious. Noise in photography is like the “grain” in film, where the film doesn’t become as smooth as you’d wish. The higher your ISO is, the more unpleasant dots will show in your photo. ", "There is an exception to this rule; if you shoot in your cameras RAW format, you can use the black and white preset on your camera. When your shooting in RAW, your camera shows you its poor black and white conversion on your display, but the color information is still available. Don’t use it. This might sound a bit weird, but you can better shoot your black and white images in color. A good black and white image will require post processing and the standard in-camera black and white conversion isn’t have as good as your own black and white conversion.", "Relevance. Rating Newest Oldest. Best Answer: The original scanned image should be saved as a TIFF(whether they are black and white or color makes no difference). TIFF files do not compress or other wise loose any of the information you just scanned into your computer. If you are unsure of this, take one of your photographs and save as a jpg. Take that file and save as a jpg several times. Look again at the original file and compare. You should see a world of difference in quality. As far as the second part of your question, you can grayscale or simply desaturate the file" ], "url": [ "http://digital-photography-school.com/5-black-and-white-photography-tips/", "http://digital-photography-school.com/5-black-and-white-photography-tips/", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20140717070239AAdHhzx", "http://photography.tutsplus.com/tutorials/mastering-the-art-of-black-and-white-photography--photo-280", "http://www.hongkiat.com/blog/five-essential-tips-to-black-white-photography/", "http://digital-photography-school.com/tips-for-black-and-white-photography/", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070324201930AA9SF0o" ] }

[ "There is an exception to this rule; if you shoot in your cameras RAW format, you can use the black and white preset on your camera. When your shooting in RAW, your camera shows you its poor black and white conversion on your display, but the color information is still available. Don’t use it. This might sound a bit weird, but you can better shoot your black and white images in color. A good black and white image will require post processing and the standard in-camera black and white conversion isn’t have as good as your own black and white conversion." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 After you click the Uninstall registry key, click Export Registry File on the Registry menu. 2 In the Export Registry File dialog box, click Desktop in the Save in box, type uninstall in the File name box, and then click Save. 3 Each key under Uninstall represents a program that appears in Add/Remove Programs. The Add/Remove programs tool lists all of the Windows-compatible programs that have an uninstall program or feature. You may need to manually remove the program from the Add/Remove Programs list if you uninstall a program and the registry key that is used to display the program name is not removed correctly: 322756. How to back up and restore the registry in Windows. (https://support.microsoft.com/kb/322756/)", "SUMMARY. To add, remove, or change a program on a Windows XP-based computer, use the Add/Remove Programs tool in Control Panel. Occasionally, a program may not be removed completely and a reference to the program may remain in the Currently installed programs dialog box. HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Uninstall. 1 Locate the key to be deleted by locating the key name created by the program. 2 If the name of the key is not apparent, browse through each key and note the value for DisplayName. 3 This is the viewable string in the Add/Remove Programs tool.", "1 After you identify the registry key that represents the program that is still in Add/Remove Programs, right-click the key, and then click Delete. 2 After you delete the key, click Start, point to Settings, and then click Control Panel. 3 In Control Panel, double-click Add/Remove Programs. The Add/Remove programs tool lists all of the Windows-compatible programs that have an uninstall program or feature. You may need to manually remove the program from the Add/Remove Programs list if you uninstall a program and the registry key that is used to display the program name is not removed correctly: 322756. How to back up and restore the registry in Windows. (https://support.microsoft.com/kb/322756/)", "To do this you should follow these steps: 1 Click on the Start button to open your Start Menu. 2 The Start button looks like this: 3 When the Start Menu opens click on the Control Panel menu option. 4 When the Control Panel window opens click on the Uninstall a program option option under the Programs category. To see a list of the programs that we can uninstall we must first open the Programs and Features control panel. To do this you should follow these steps: 1 In Windows 7 click on the Start button to open your Start Menu. 2 The Start button looks like this: .", "1. If the program list is not correct in Add or Remove Programs, double-click the Uninstall.reg file that you saved to your desktop in step 5 to restore the original list of programs in the registry. -or-. 2. How to manually remove programs from the Add or Remove Programs tool. http://support.microsoft.com/kb/314481. Note: The above Microsoft article also applies to Windows vista operating systems. Hope this helps! Halima S-Microsoft Support. Visit our Microsoft Answers Feedback Forum and let us know what you think.", "To do this you should follow these steps: 1 Click on the Start button to open your Start Menu. 2 When the Start Menu opens click on the Control Panel menu option. 3 When the Control Panel window opens click on the Uninstall a program option option under the Programs category. To see a list of the programs that we can uninstall we must first open the Programs and Features control panel. To do this you should follow these steps: 1 In Windows 7 click on the Start button to open your Start Menu. 2 The Start button looks like this: .", "1 After you delete the key, click Start, point to Settings, and then click Control Panel. 2 In Control Panel, double-click Add/Remove Programs. 3 In Add/Remove Programs, verify that the program for which you deleted the registry key is not listed. The Add/Remove programs tool lists all of the Windows-compatible programs that have an uninstall program or feature. You may need to manually remove the program from the Add/Remove Programs list if you uninstall a program and the registry key that is used to display the program name is not removed correctly: 322756. How to back up and restore the registry in Windows. (https://support.microsoft.com/kb/322756/)", "If you still can not uninstall the program, you may manually remove entries from your Add/Remove programs list by following these steps: 1 Click Start, then click on Run and type regedit in the Open field. 2 Then press enter on your keyboard. ", "To see which application each sub-key represents, open it and there should be at least two values 'DisplayName' and 'UninstallString'. 'DisplayName' is the name used in the Add/Remove programs list and 'UninstallString' is the program used to uninstall the application. To remove a program from the list you can simply highlight and delete the sub-key representing that program. Registry Home Windows Troubleshooting. Remove Programs from the Add/Remove Programs List (All Windows) Popular. Windows compatible programs must include an uninstall program, sometimes though the program may get removed but the entry in Add/Remove programs does not." ], "url": [ "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/247501", "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/310750", "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/247501", "http://www.bleepingcomputer.com/tutorials/uninstall-a-program-in-windows/", "http://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/forum/windows_vista-windows_programs/how-to-manually-remove-items-from-the-addremove/5bfb21b8-b633-4354-9117-95ddd15a50dd", "http://www.bleepingcomputer.com/tutorials/uninstall-a-program-in-windows/", "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/247501", "http://www.bleepingcomputer.com/tutorials/manually-remove-programs-from-add-remove-programs/", "http://www.pctools.com/guides/registry/detail/110/" ] }

[ "1 After you click the Uninstall registry key, click Export Registry File on the Registry menu. 2 In the Export Registry File dialog box, click Desktop in the Save in box, type uninstall in the File name box, and then click Save. 3 Each key under Uninstall represents a program that appears in Add/Remove Programs. The Add/Remove programs tool lists all of the Windows-compatible programs that have an uninstall program or feature. You may need to manually remove the program from the Add/Remove Programs list if you uninstall a program and the registry key that is used to display the program name is not removed correctly: 322756. How to back up and restore the registry in Windows. (https://support.microsoft.com/kb/322756/)" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Every year, Americans arrange funerals for more than two million deceased at an average cost of $7,300 per funeral, not including cemetery costs. Many funerals go for $10,000 and up, ranking in some cases among the most expensive purchases many consumers make. A home funeral can be as inexpensive as the cost of pine for a coffin (for a backyard burial) or a few hundred dollars for cremation or several hundred dollars for cemetery costs. One family spent only $250 on a home burial.", "If you are working with a funeral home to plan a funeral or memorial service, the cost of the funeral can be broken down into three main categories: the Basic Services Fee, the costs of any additional services or goods, and cash advances. ", "California Cremation Costs. The average cost of cremation is a fraction of funeral and burial costs in California, less than a quarter of the $10,000+ cost of an average funeral and burial. With cremation, there is no need to embalm or to purchase a cemetery plot, casket, burial vault, or gravestone. ", "Funeral Costs. Funeral costs vary greatly depending on the type of funeral or memorial service you are planning. On average, a funeral can cost between $6,000 - 7,000, usually with additional costs for burial. However, many funeral can run well over $10,000, depending on many upgrade and additional services.", "1 See How Much Does a Funeral Cost. 2 A traditional Jewish funeral is simple, and not ostentatious. 3 Costs can range from $500 to $10,000, but average $4,000 to $6,000 for all expenses. 4 For details, see How Much Do Jewish Funerals Cost. 1 Most churches do not charge for the funeral service of an active member of their congregation, but it can be customary to give a donation of $50-$200 or more to the church. 2 Non-members may be charged rental fees of $200-$500 or more, depending on the number and type of facilities, and the length of time they are needed.", "The cremation rate in the U.S. in 2012 was 43.2%, up from 26.2% in 2000, 9.7% in 1980, and 3.6% in 1960. The average cost of a cremation through a funeral home is between $2,000 and $4,000, according to the folks at Caring.com, and the cost can be considerably lower if it's done through a crematory. Thanks, FTC! ", "1 Charges to have a funeral home or mortuary coordinate a simple graveside funeral ceremony with only a few mourners start between $150 and $450 for a few chairs and casket-lowering equipment. 2 A larger ceremony can cost $500-$850 or more depending on location and number of staff people needed on site. 1 Most churches do not charge for the funeral service of an active member of their congregation, but it can be customary to give a donation of $50-$200 or more to the church. 2 Non-members may be charged rental fees of $200-$500 or more, depending on the number and type of facilities, and the length of time they are needed.", "1 Average cost: $800. 2 Headstone/grave marker: Most people will spend anywhere between $400 and $1,700 on a headstone for one person. 3 This price depends on the material and size of the headstone. 4 Cremation: An increasingly large percentage of Americans choose cremation as a way to reduce average funeral costs. 1 Headstone/grave marker: Most people will spend anywhere between $400 and $1,700 on a headstone for one person. 2 This price depends on the material and size of the headstone. 3 Cremation: An increasingly large percentage of Americans choose cremation as a way to reduce average funeral costs. 4 Average cost: $650.", "1 Having a funeral director organize a funeral or memorial service in the funeral home or mortuary, or in a local church, synagogue, chapel or other venue can cost $250-$1,100 or more, depending on the size of the funeral and the number of staff people needed on site. 1 Most churches do not charge for the funeral service of an active member of their congregation, but it can be customary to give a donation of $50-$200 or more to the church. 2 Non-members may be charged rental fees of $200-$500 or more, depending on the number and type of facilities, and the length of time they are needed.", "1 A traditional Jewish funeral is simple, and not ostentatious. 2 Costs can range from $500 to $10,000, but average $4,000 to $6,000 for all expenses. 3 For details, see How Much Do Jewish Funerals Cost. 1 Most churches do not charge for the funeral service of an active member of their congregation, but it can be customary to give a donation of $50-$200 or more to the church. 2 Non-members may be charged rental fees of $200-$500 or more, depending on the number and type of facilities, and the length of time they are needed." ], "url": [ "https://www.mywonderfullife.com/funeral_planning_resources/articles/funeral_arrangements/", "https://www.everplans.com/articles/heres-how-you-can-easily-understand-funeral-home-costs", "http://www.tridentsociety.com/cremation-costs", "http://elegantmemorials.com/funeral-costs", "http://personalfinance.costhelper.com/funeral-memorial-service.html", "http://www.fool.com/investing/general/2014/11/18/how-much-does-a-funeral-cost.aspx", "http://personalfinance.costhelper.com/funeral-memorial-service.html", "http://www.giveforward.com/p/help-with-funeral-expenses/average-cost-funeral", "http://personalfinance.costhelper.com/funeral-memorial-service.html", "http://personalfinance.costhelper.com/funeral-memorial-service.html" ] }

[ "Funeral Costs. Funeral costs vary greatly depending on the type of funeral or memorial service you are planning. On average, a funeral can cost between $6,000 - 7,000, usually with additional costs for burial. However, many funeral can run well over $10,000, depending on many upgrade and additional services." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The reason is that most states do not have a legal age for babysitting. For the ones that do, the general minimum babysitting age is 13 years old. Having said that, it's strongly advised that parents also use their best judgement when deciding on the appropriate age for babysitting. Age of Children. How old the children are who are being cared for is one of the most critical factors in determining an appropriate babysitting age. If you have toddlers and infants requiring care it's not advisable to allow a young teenager to care for them.", "Older Children. If you are looking to babysit for older children, say from age 10 and up, you will want to be much older than the child. Depending on the length of the sitting, you should be about 4 years older than the older child you’re sitting for. For instance, if the parents of a 10 year old are going out for a movie and want someone to watch the child, a good minimum age for a sitter would be 14. If the parents of an older child are looking for a live-in babysitter (to watch their child while they’re on vacation for instance), the babysitter should have a driver’s license — meaning that in most cases the sitter should be at least 16 years old. Babies.", "In order to babysit you have to be 10 years old (or older). and have your babysitting license. That's a good guideline, but there's actually no law in Ontario that explici … tly dictates an age and as far as I know there are baby sitting courses available to those who wish to pursue, but there is no babysitting license. If you babysit you should be 14 years old at the youngest but 15 is probably better. That depends on the parents and who they will trust. Fourteen is a pretty good age to start", "You have to be 11 years old to babysit in the state of Illinois! There Is a legal age in Il. to babysit.- The child must be 11, and the time should be limited. If left alone for a substantial amount of time- (there is no set limit on th … at time) say.... over 4 hours-the child needs to be 13. + 47 others found this useful.", "Under Maryland law, a child must be at least eight years old to be left alone in a house or car. State law also says a child must be at least 13 years old to baby-sit another child. Generally, it is left up to the parent to decide whether a child who is at least eight is mature enough to be home alone. Any time you leave your child alone, be sure the child knows what to do in case of an emergency. ", "Basically, if your child is age seven or younger, they should never be left alone. Kids ages 8-10 can be alone briefly, and ages 10-13 for longer periods, provided there is back-up supervision. Babysitters should be at least 12-13 years old, and can babysit for longer periods as they grow older. Again, this is a very individual decision, and these ages are only general guidelines. You need to decide if your child is mature enough. ", "If you babysit you should be 14 years old at the youngest but 15 is probably better. That depends on the parents and who they will trust. Fourteen is a pretty good age to st … art. 12 people found this useful. There Is a legal age in Il. to babysit.- The child must be 11, and the time should be limited. If left alone for a substantial amount of time- (there is no set limit on th … at time) say.... over 4 hours-the child needs to be 13. + 47 others", "However, if you are under 16 years old it is against the law for you to babysit during school hours without permission from your principal. Parents can decide how old a babysitter they hire should be. It is their job to hire someone who can look after their children properly. Parents may consider... 1 your age and maturity. " ], "url": [ "http://www.babysitting-rates.com/babysitting-age.php", "http://www.askdeb.com/career/how-old-do-you-have-to-be-to-babysit/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_old_do_you_have_to_be_to_babysit", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_old_do_you_have_to_be_to_babysit_in_illinois", "http://www.baltimorecountymd.gov/News/childsafety/childsafetyfaqs.html", "http://www.med.umich.edu/yourchild/topics/babysit.htm", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_old_do_you_have_to_be_to_babysit_in_illinois", "http://www.plea.org/legal_resources/?a=169&searchTxt=&cat=28" ] }

[ "Basically, if your child is age seven or younger, they should never be left alone. Kids ages 8-10 can be alone briefly, and ages 10-13 for longer periods, provided there is back-up supervision. Babysitters should be at least 12-13 years old, and can babysit for longer periods as they grow older. Again, this is a very individual decision, and these ages are only general guidelines. You need to decide if your child is mature enough. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The nice thing about the Scottish accents is for me, as a German, that the Scottish, but also the Irish, accents are much easier to understand than the different English accents. Especially the pronunciation of the A and the U. dundonin ssuper mannnnnnnn Wednesday, February 09, 2005, 15:48 GMT. Based on what I know about Scottish accents, I also second that Glaswegian is more difficult to understand than the Edinburgh accent. I recall on of my teachers at university (Irish, by the way) reading out the following poem with the Glaswegian accent, it sounded quite unique and not very easy to understand:", "Scottish English refers to the varieties of English spoken in Scotland. The main, formal variety is called Scottish Standard English or Standard Scottish English (SSE). Scottish Standard English may be defined as the characteristic speech of the professional class [in Scotland] and the accepted norm in schools. IETF language tag for Scottish Standard English is en-scotland. Scottish English results from language contact between Scots and the Standard English of England after the 17th century.", "The Scottish accent is a really fun accent. It is very simple to learn, but many will be impressed by it. Follow these steps to speak like an authentic Scottish Highlander. 1 Also, say things like dead bored or pure fuming.. 2 This accent is perfect for a prank call except if you are prank calling actual Scottish people. 3 Roll your 'R's or simply, pronounce the 'R' significantly. 4 Watch movies such as Trainspotting or Disney's Brave to familiarize yourself with the accent.", "Thus, the 'bogger' accent is the most Irish of the accents in Ireland, As it was adapted to speaking Gaelic only until recently. This accent needs, to some extend, to be copied by dublin people when attempting to speak the Irish language. That is not to say that the dublin accent is similar to the English accent. But it has about 400 years of speaking the English language to influence it. Whereas the 'bogger' accents formed when the people were speaking Gaelic.", "People from Northern Ireland have a Northern Ireland accent. People from Scotland have a Scottish accent. However a Glasgow-Scottish accent is different from an Edinburgh, Aberdeen, Inverness or Dundee accent. Just as New York is different from Chicago, New Orleons or San Francisco. That is not to say that the dublin accent is similar to the English accent. But it has about 400 years of speaking the English language to influence it. Whereas the 'bogger' accents formed when the people were speaking Gaelic.", "Convention traces the influence of the English of England upon Scots to the 16th-century Reformation and to the introduction of printing. Printing arrived in London in 1476, but the first printing press was not introduced to Scotland for another 30 years. Scottish English results from language contact between Scots and the Standard English of England after the 17th century.", "Most Scottish people speak with a Scottish accent. People from Scotland and people from England, for instance, can both speak English, but each speaks with a different accent, which tells the listener where we come from. Speaking Scots is not the same as speaking English with a Scottish accent. This is because speaking in Scots means using many words, sayings, turns of phrase, meanings and grammar, found only in Scots. To find out if you speak Scots you should take a moment to click on the map and listen to people speaking Scots. The name Scots is the national name for Scottish dialects sometimes also known as ‘Doric’, ‘Lallans’ and ‘Scotch’, or by more local names such as ‘Buchan’, ‘Dundonian’, ‘Glesca’ or ‘Shetland’.", "Most people in Scotland speak with a Scottish accent. Speaking Scots is not the same as speaking with a Scottish accent. To find out if you speak Scots you should take a moment to click on the map and listen to people speaking Scots. " ], "url": [ "http://www.antimoon.com/forum/2005/6476.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_accent", "http://www.wikihow.com/Talk-With-a-Scottish-Accent", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_term_for_the_Irish_accent", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_term_for_the_Irish_accent", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_accent", "http://www.scotslanguage.com/books/view/2", "http://www.ayecan.com/what_is_scots.html" ] }

[ "Most Scottish people speak with a Scottish accent. People from Scotland and people from England, for instance, can both speak English, but each speaks with a different accent, which tells the listener where we come from. Speaking Scots is not the same as speaking English with a Scottish accent. This is because speaking in Scots means using many words, sayings, turns of phrase, meanings and grammar, found only in Scots. To find out if you speak Scots you should take a moment to click on the map and listen to people speaking Scots. The name Scots is the national name for Scottish dialects sometimes also known as ‘Doric’, ‘Lallans’ and ‘Scotch’, or by more local names such as ‘Buchan’, ‘Dundonian’, ‘Glesca’ or ‘Shetland’." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The average age of a first-time buyer has risen to 31, according to Money’s exclusive research. Indeed, the majority only get onto the ladder after receiving help from their families. Many of their parents bought their first homes while in their twenties using 100% mortgages.", "First Time Home Buyers Are…. According to the 2009 American Housing Data survey, the average age of first-time home buyers was 34, while a report put out in 2012 by the National Association of Realtors estimates the average age for first-time home buyers at 31. So we’ve got a good 6-9 years ahead of us before we fall slightly behind our cohorts.", "In 1983, the average first-time buyer paid £17,021 for their home with a deposit of £1,021 and a mortgage of £16,000. The average borrower had an income of £8,316 and the average deposit as a percentage of income was 12pc.", "Today, the average first-time buyer spends £147,000 on their first home, with a 20pc deposit of £29,400 and a mortgage worth £117,600. The average income is £35,918 and the average deposit as a percentage of income is 82pc – eight times that of their parents in 1983.", "6:00AM BST 11 Sep 2012. Follow. The age at which the average prospective buyer expects to buy their first home is 35 years old, according to a survey by Post Office Mortgages. This compares to 28 years old ten years ago, and 30 years old five years ago. The Post Office said that in the early 1960s the average age was 24." ], "url": [ "http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/business/money/mortgage_and_property/article1567738.ece", "http://sweatingthebigstuff.com/average-age-of-firsttime-home-buyers/", "http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/personalfinance/borrowing/mortgages/10620187/First-time-buyers-in-golden-age-for-mortgage-support.html", "http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/personalfinance/borrowing/mortgages/10620187/First-time-buyers-in-golden-age-for-mortgage-support.html", "http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/9533491/Average-first-time-buyer-is-now-35-research-finds.html" ] }

[ "First Time Home Buyers Are…. According to the 2009 American Housing Data survey, the average age of first-time home buyers was 34, while a report put out in 2012 by the National Association of Realtors estimates the average age for first-time home buyers at 31. So we’ve got a good 6-9 years ahead of us before we fall slightly behind our cohorts." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Between the femur and the tibia are two pads, one on the medial (inner) side of the knee and one on the lateral (outer) side of the knee. Each of these pads is called a meniscus. The meniscus is made of fibrocartilage which gives it a rubbery texture. The knee is made up of the femur (thigh bone) and the tibia (leg bone) which are held together by ligaments, and the patella (knee cap) which lies in the Quadriceps muscle in the front of the knee.", "In plural, the meniscus is referred to as menisci. Both are between the tibia, also called the shinbone, and the femur or thighbone. Menisci are further classified by their location. The medial meniscus is on the inside of the knee, supporting the femur’s rounded edge in the inside of the thigh. ", "In humans they are present in the knee, wrist, acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular, and temporomandibular joints; in other animals they may be present in other joints. Generally, the term 'meniscus' is used to refer to the cartilage of the knee, either to the lateral or medial meniscus. Both are cartilaginous tissues that provide structural integrity to the knee when it undergoes tension and torsion. Two surgeries of the meniscus are most common. Depending on the type and location of the tear, the patient's age, and physician's preference, injured menisci are usually either repaired or removed, in part or completely (meniscectomy).", "Meniscus tears are most commonly caused by trauma (athletic injuries) and the aging process (as we age our cartilage becomes brittle.) When the injury occurs in athletes, the patient typically describes a “popping” sensation in their knee when participating in a sporting event. Made up of cartilage, the wedges not only stabilize the knee, but also allow the joint to smoothly slide and move in many directions. When the meniscus is torn or damaged, you lose part that cushioning system; your weight is no longer applied evenly across your bones, so grinding and wearing occurs as bone meets bone.", "The menisci-the medial meniscus and lateral meniscus-are crescent-shaped bands of thick, rubbery cartilage attached to the shinbone (tibia). They act as shock absorbers and stabilize the knee. The medial meniscus is on the inner side of the knee joint. The lateral meniscus is on the outside of the knee. Meniscus tears can vary widely in size and severity. A meniscus can be split in half, ripped around its circumference in the shape of a C or left hanging by a thread to the knee joint.", "Both the covering of the bone within the joint and the meniscus are made of cartilage--this makes the issue a little confusing. People often say 'cartilage' to mean the meniscus (the wedges of cartilage between the bone) or to mean the joint surface (so-called articular cartilage which caps the ends of the bone). When people talk about a cartilage tear, they a talking about a meniscus tear.", "There are two menisci in your knee; each rests between the thigh bone (femur) and shin bone (tibia). The menisci are made of tough cartilage and conform to the surfaces of the bones upon which they rest. One meniscus is on the inside of your knee; this is the medial meniscus. The other meniscus rests on the outside of your knee, the lateral meniscus. People often say 'cartilage' to mean the meniscus (the wedges of cartilage between the bone) or to mean the joint surface (so-called articular cartilage which caps the ends of the bone). When people talk about a cartilage tear, they a talking about a meniscus tear.", "Structure [edit]. The menisci of the knee are two pads of fibrocartilaginous tissue which serve to disperse friction in the knee joint between the lower leg (tibia) and the thigh (femur). Two surgeries of the meniscus are most common. Depending on the type and location of the tear, the patient's age, and physician's preference, injured menisci are usually either repaired or removed, in part or completely (meniscectomy).", "If surgery is indicated, your surgeon will recommend either a meniscus repair (repairing the tear) or a partial menisectomy (trimming and removing the torn or loose pieces of meniscus in your joint), based on your specific injury. Made up of cartilage, the wedges not only stabilize the knee, but also allow the joint to smoothly slide and move in many directions. When the meniscus is torn or damaged, you lose part that cushioning system; your weight is no longer applied evenly across your bones, so grinding and wearing occurs as bone meets bone." ], "url": [ "http://www.orthop.washington.edu/?q=patient-care/articles/sports/torn-meniscus.html", "http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-meniscus.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meniscus_(anatomy)", "http://www.toi-health.com/torn-meniscus.aspx", "https://www.cedars-sinai.edu/Patients/Health-Conditions/Medial-and-Lateral-Meniscus-Tears.aspx", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080714134411AALRBMe", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080714134411AALRBMe", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meniscus_(anatomy)", "http://www.toi-health.com/torn-meniscus.aspx" ] }

[ "There are two menisci in your knee; each rests between the thigh bone (femur) and shin bone (tibia). The menisci are made of tough cartilage and conform to the surfaces of the bones upon which they rest. One meniscus is on the inside of your knee; this is the medial meniscus. The other meniscus rests on the outside of your knee, the lateral meniscus. People often say 'cartilage' to mean the meniscus (the wedges of cartilage between the bone) or to mean the joint surface (so-called articular cartilage which caps the ends of the bone). When people talk about a cartilage tear, they a talking about a meniscus tear." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Long Island is served by two year-round ferry lines that cross the Long Island Sound, connecting Port Jefferson to Bridgeport, Connecticut and Orient Point to New London, Connecticut. Camping in the Hudson Valley and Long Island Regions means you're not very far away from The Big Apple - New York City. Drive in, take a roundtrip tour, or catch a commuter train to the city for a day of exciting sightseeing, shopping, theater, dining, sporting events, and people watching.", "Welcome to the official website of the City of Long Beach, New York. This website contains information for residents, visitors, and those who work in the City. We update this site daily and welcome suggestions.", "Stay one block from Queensboro Plaza Station at the Comfort Inn® hotel in Long Island City, New York, located near the base of the Queensboro Bridge and near the P.S.1 Contemporary Art Center. Our leisure hotel In Long Island City also puts you are just a subway hop from Manhattan and all its famous tourist attractions:", "Hudson Valley, Long Island and New York City. Come explore the sites of the wondrous Hudson Valley, carved out by the Hudson River, where the Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area is one of only 27 federally designated heritage areas.", "For other places with the same name, see Long Island (disambiguation). Long Island is an island stretching eastward from New York City in the Metro New York region. The largely suburban area is approximately 115 miles long from Brooklyn and Queens at the western end, to Montauk at the easternmost point. At its widest the island is approximately 20 miles from north to south.", "Long Island, New York. Whether you choose a barefoot walk on the beach…an adventuresome climb atop a famous lighthouse …an afternoon sampling the latest vintages at a local vineyard …or touring the stately halls and gardens of the Long Island, New York Gold Coast mansions ...Long Island, NY has it all." ], "url": [ "http://www.nycampgrounds.com/hudson-valley-long-island-and-new-york-city", "http://www.longbeachny.gov/", "https://www.choicehotels.com/new-york/long-island-city/comfort-inn-hotels/ny265#!", "http://www.nycampgrounds.com/hudson-valley-long-island-and-new-york-city", "http://wikitravel.org/en/Long_Island", "http://www.discoverlongisland.com/" ] }

[ "For other places with the same name, see Long Island (disambiguation). Long Island is an island stretching eastward from New York City in the Metro New York region. The largely suburban area is approximately 115 miles long from Brooklyn and Queens at the western end, to Montauk at the easternmost point. At its widest the island is approximately 20 miles from north to south." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "In the operant conditioning paradigm, extinction refers to the process of no longer providing the reinforcement that has been maintaining a behavior. Operant extinction differs from forgetting in that the latter refers to a decrease in the strength of a behavior over time when it has not been emitted.", "Biological psychology deals with organic psych … ological processes, such as what specific neurons do, what parts of the brain do, and what happens during specific biological events-such as drug usage or brain trauma. Abnormal psychology studies behavior that is abnormal in a particular context.", "Novel behaviours may also occur as a result of an extinction procedure being in place. A novel behaviour is a behaviour that the person would not have engaged in before while engaging in the targeted behaviour. Often these novel behaviour can be aggressive or more emotional (Miltenberger, 2008).", "Context and behavioral processes in extinction. Bouton ME(1). Author information: (1)Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA. Mark.Bouton@uvm.edu. This article provides a selective review and integration of the behavioral literature on Pavlovia", "Thus, even if we do not have a handle on the psychological process that is affected during extinction, we can assess the efficacy of an extinction treatment by examining the development and persistence of response loss.", "The fact of being extinct or the process of becoming extinct: The most effective agent in the extinction of species is the pressure of other species (Alfred R. Wallace). 3. Psychology A reduction or a loss in the strength or rate of a conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus or reinforcement is withheld.", "Extinction is the disappearance of a previously learned behavior when the behavior is not reinforced. Extinction can occur in all types of behavioral conditioning, but it is most often associated with operant conditioning.", "Extinction is a basic phenomenon (event, incident) of learning that occurs when a previously conditioned response decreases in frequency and eventually disappears.", "Extinction is the disappearance of a previously learned behavior when the behavior is not reinforced. In this lesson, learn more about extinction in operant conditioning and test your knowledge with a quiz.", "Extinction is observed in both operantly conditioned and classically conditioned behavior. When operant behavior that has been previously reinforced no longer produces reinforcing consequences the behavior gradually stops occurring." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinction_%28psychology%29", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_extinction_in_psychology", "http://www.educateautism.com/applied-behaviour-analysis/extinction-procedure-aba.html", "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15466298", "http://www.apa.org/science/about/psa/2007/12/lattal.aspx", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/extinction", "http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-extinction-in-conditioning-definition-lesson-quiz.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_extinction_in_psychology", "http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-extinction-in-conditioning-definition-lesson-quiz.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinction_%28psychology%29" ] }

[ "Extinction is the disappearance of a previously learned behavior when the behavior is not reinforced. In this lesson, learn more about extinction in operant conditioning and test your knowledge with a quiz." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The average life expectancy for a 76 year old is 11.2 years. The top three causes of death among people this age are cancer, heart disease, and chronic lower respiratory diseases which contribute to an average death probability of 0.03555%.", "Changes in Life Expectancy for Women. This age of 79 was not always the average womens' death age. In 1850, a woman could only expect to live until she was 40 years old. That seems unimaginable when these days some women do not have their first child until they are", "The news is a little better for women, a little worse for men. Life expectancy for females is 81.2 years; for males, it's 76.4 years. That difference of 4.8 years is the same as in 2011.", "The average age of death in the United States for men is 76. The average age of death for women in the United States is 81.", "•The age-adjusted death rate for the USA decreased 1.1% from 2011 to 2012 to a record low of 732.8 per 100,000 population. The report attributes much of the recent improvement in both death rates and life expectancy to reductions in deaths from such major illnesses as heart disease, cancer and stroke.", "The average life expectancy for a person who was 65 years old in 2012 is 19.3 years – 20.5 years for women and 17.9 years for men. The difference in life expectancy at 65 years between males and females increased 0.1 year from 2.5 years in 2011 to 2.6 years in 2012.", "1 At age 76, Hispanic females have the highest life expectancy of any gender and race listed. 2 Hispanic females age 76 can expect to live 1.80 years longer than non-Hispanic black females. 3 The average life expectancy for 76 year old females of all races is 2.07 years greater than that of males.", "the average age of death in England is 86 for males and 91 for females but due to medical research and improvements of drugs every year a person lives half a year longer so in … two years a male will live to 87 and a female to 92.", "Life expectancy in the USA rose in 2012 to 78.8 years – a record high. That was an increase of 0.1 year from 2011 when it was 78.7 years, according to a new report on mortality in the USA from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics." ], "url": [ "http://life-span.healthgrove.com/l/77/76", "http://www.womensforum.com/average-womens-death-age.html", "http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/10/08/us-life-expectancy-hits-record-high/16874039/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_average_age_of_death_for_Americans", "http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/10/08/us-life-expectancy-hits-record-high/16874039/", "http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/10/08/us-life-expectancy-hits-record-high/16874039/", "http://life-span.healthgrove.com/l/77/76", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_average_age_of_death", "http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/10/08/us-life-expectancy-hits-record-high/16874039/" ] }

[ "The news is a little better for women, a little worse for men. Life expectancy for females is 81.2 years; for males, it's 76.4 years. That difference of 4.8 years is the same as in 2011." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Do not use this water to cook the beans. 2 Pouring off the soaking water will help eliminate some of the indigestible complex sugars that cause flatulence (gasiness). 3 Place the beans in a strainer and rinse with cool water before cooking. 1 After the beans have been cleaned, place them in a large pot and cover with 2 to 3 times the volume of cool water. 2 Over medium high heat bring the water to a boil. 3 Boil for 2 minutes and then remove from the heat. 4 Cover the pot and allow beans to stand for 1 hour.", "1 Pour off all the water from the beans when they are done soaking. 2 Do not use this water to cook the beans. 3 Pouring off the soaking water will help eliminate some of the indigestible complex sugars that cause flatulence (gasiness). 4 Place the beans in a strainer and rinse with cool water before cooking. 1 After the beans have been cleaned, place them in a large pot and cover with 2 to 3 times the volume of cool water. 2 Over medium high heat bring the water to a boil. 3 Boil for 2 minutes and then remove from the heat. 4 Cover the pot and allow beans to stand for 1 hour.", "up vote 20 down vote accepted. Soften. Other things that typically are added with salt will tend to toughen the beans, but it isn't the fault of the salt. For decades, chefs have circulated the oral tradition that adding salt hardens beans, but it's a myth. In short: salt replaces calcium and magnesium in the beans' skins that make them tougher. The result is that when beans are soaked in salt water the skin softens at the same rate as the bean interior and the beans do not blow out.", "Why does soaking dried beans in salted water make them cook up with softer skins? It has to do with how the sodium ions in salt interact with the cells of the bean skins. As the beans soak, the sodium ions replace some of the calcium and magnesium ions in the skins. In short: salt replaces calcium and magnesium in the beans' skins that make them tougher. The result is that when beans are soaked in salt water the skin softens at the same rate as the bean interior and the beans do not blow out.", "I brine the beans overnight in a solution of 1 1/2 tablespoons of kosher salt dissolved in 8 cups of water, which is enough to cover the beans by an inch or two. When ready to cook, I drain and rinse the beans, cover them with fresh water, and add a teaspoon of salt. (If I am cooking the beans with something else salty, like bacon or a parmesan rind, I reduce the salt to 1/2 teaspoon.). Then add a little salt (emphasis on little) to the beans at the very beginning of cooking to keep things going. This two-punch combo of salt action works to break apart the calcium and magnesium ions in the outer skin — the ions responsible for tough skins.", "The “Long Soak” method is the most common way to soak your beaners. Just put your beans in a large bowl or pot of water and let them sit submerged for 8-12 hours. Soaking actually begins bean germination and promotes enzyme release. The germination process is what breaks down all the complex bean sugars. Soaking helps to break down all the complex sugars in beans, sugars like the indigestible oligosaccharides. If you’re a very breezy type, you should soak the beans even longer to maximize the amount of sugar dissolved. Ohhh, yea, and please drain the soaking water.", "1. Beans should be soaked before cooking, and the water should be thrown out. How long to soak depends on the bean. An ideal soaking time for black beans and kidney beans might be about 24 hours, with a change of water somewhere in there, while with lentils or dried peas, somewhere around 10 hours should suffice. ", "The kidney bean is a variety of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). It is named for its visual resemblance in shape and color to a kidney. Red kidney beans can be confused with other beans that are red, such as adzuki beans. ", "A simple side-by-side test can prove to you conclusively that salting beans (both the water used to soak them in and the water used to cook them) actually tenderizes the skins. It's got to do with magnesium and calcium, two ions found in the bean skins that help keep the structure of the beans' skin intact. When you soak the beans in salt water, sodium ions end up replacing some of the magnesium and calcium, effectively softening the skins. Whether soaked overnight or not, the bean skins would always crack open during the cooking. Researching this, I read a lot of concerns about whether the skins are hard or soft, and solutions to deal with that issue." ], "url": [ "http://www.recipetips.com/kitchen-tips/t--818/all-about-beans.asp", "http://www.recipetips.com/kitchen-tips/t--818/all-about-beans.asp", "http://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/20754/does-adding-salt-when-soaking-dry-beans-toughen-or-soften-the-skin-of-the-bean", "http://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/20754/does-adding-salt-when-soaking-dry-beans-toughen-or-soften-the-skin-of-the-bean", "http://www.thekitchn.com/think-salt-is-the-enemy-of-perfect-beans-think-again-196470", "http://www.squawkfox.com/2008/02/19/how-to-soak-and-cook-dried-beans/", "http://voices.washingtonpost.com/mighty-appetite/2008/02/fourteen_things_you_should_kno.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_bean", "http://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/34898/cooking-beans-with-intact-skins" ] }

[ "up vote 20 down vote accepted. Soften. Other things that typically are added with salt will tend to toughen the beans, but it isn't the fault of the salt. For decades, chefs have circulated the oral tradition that adding salt hardens beans, but it's a myth. In short: salt replaces calcium and magnesium in the beans' skins that make them tougher. The result is that when beans are soaked in salt water the skin softens at the same rate as the bean interior and the beans do not blow out." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "My Girl is a 1964 standard recorded by The Temptations for the Gordy (Motown) label which became a number one hit in 1965. Written and produced by The Miracles members Smokey Robinson and Ronald White, the song became the Temptations' first U.S. number-one single, and is today their signature song. Robinson's inspiration for writing this song was his wife, Miracles member Claudette Rogers Robinson. After some persuasion from Ruffin's bandmates, Robinson had the Temptations record My Girl instead of The Miracles, who were originally to record the song, and recruited Ruffin to sing the lead vocals.", "AllMusic Review by John Bush. An above-average collection of Temptations hits, My Girl focuses on the first few years of the group at Motown, during the mid-'60s.", "Share this page. An above-average collection of Temptations hits, My Girl focuses on the first few years of the group at Motown, during the mid-'60s.", "Superstition is a popular song produced, arranged, and performed by Stevie Wonder for Motown Records in 1972. It was the lead single for Wonder's Talking Book album, and released in many countries. It reached number one in the U.S., and number one on the soul singles chart. ", "1 Do some research and find out about your favorite genre. 2 Remember that there is no completely descriptive, or set-in-stone, method of determining the genre of a song. 3 Go through the songs in your music library and try to classify them into genres yourself. 1 Remember that there is no completely descriptive, or set-in-stone, method of determining the genre of a song. 2", "Clubber Lange-Ocean Gate, Nj. This is my song for my daughter, who is 21.I dedicated it the day she was born. Everytime I hear this I naturally think of her, and smile.Thanks, Temptations, and thank God for music and what it can do. Lisa-Milwaukee, Wi, Wi. This is the first song that my daughter danced to...and she doesn't even know it. It was also the first #1 for a male vocal group on the Motown label. This was used as the title and theme song of a 1991 movie starring Macaulay Culkin and Anna Chlumsky, and also its 1994 sequel, My Girl 2.", "This was the first of four US #1 hits for The Temptations. It was also the first #1 for a male vocal group on the Motown label. This was used as the title and theme song of a 1991 movie starring Macaulay Culkin and Anna Chlumsky, and also its 1994 sequel, My Girl 2.", "The music video for Mindless Behavior 's single My Girl has already been viewed 222,396 times since it was posted on Monday, August 30, 2010. The video belongs to the music genre of R&B. Watch the My Girl video below in all its glory and check out the lyrics section if you like to learn the words or just want to sing along. Tell us if you like it by leaving a comment below and please remember to show your support by sharing it with your family and friends and purchasing Mindless Behavior 's music.", "My Girl climbed to the top of the U.S. pop charts after its Christmas time 1964 release, making it the Temptations' first number-one hit. After some persuasion from Ruffin's bandmates, Robinson had the Temptations record My Girl instead of The Miracles, who were originally to record the song, and recruited Ruffin to sing the lead vocals." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Girl_(The_Temptations_song)", "http://www.allmusic.com/album/my-girl-mw0000453833", "http://www.allmusic.com/album/my-girl-mw0000453833", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superstition_(song)", "http://www.wikihow.com/Classify-Music-by-Genre", "http://www.songfacts.com/detail.php?id=1225", "http://www.songfacts.com/detail.php?id=1225", "http://slack-time.com/music-video-9925-mindless-behavior-my-girl", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Girl_(The_Temptations_song)" ] }

[ "The music video for Mindless Behavior 's single My Girl has already been viewed 222,396 times since it was posted on Monday, August 30, 2010. The video belongs to the music genre of R&B. Watch the My Girl video below in all its glory and check out the lyrics section if you like to learn the words or just want to sing along. Tell us if you like it by leaving a comment below and please remember to show your support by sharing it with your family and friends and purchasing Mindless Behavior 's music." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "General Introduction. The two functional groups I deal with here are the C,C double bond and the C,C triple bond. In each case the group is named by changing the letter a in the suffix ane to e for the double bond and to y for the triple bond. Notes: 1 Examples 1 and 2 show the use of E/Z for routine alkene structures for which cis/trans could have been used. 2 Examples 5 and 6 show how the rules require you to move down the chain away from the stereocentre (the double bond) until a difference is found. 3 Example 6 illustrates that the functional group named as a prefix takes precedence in ...", "Addition Reactions of Alkenes. The most common chemical transformation of a carbon-carbon double bond is the addition reaction. A large number of reagents, both inorganic and organic, have been found to add to this functional group, and in this section we shall review many of these reactions. ", "Organic Chemistry Functional Group Unknowns 2012 Pre-Lab Questions The standards used in this experiment are acetone, isopropanol, benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, phenol, 1-napthol, 4-nitroaniline and cyclohexene. 1. Draw the structure of each of the standards. 2. Organic Chemistry Functional Group Unknowns 2012 d. Jones Oxidation Test for Alcohols (1˚ and 2˚) and Aldehydes ***Jones Reagent contains Cr(VI) which is carcinogenic. Wear gloves and handle with care.*** • Perform the Jones test on acetone, isopropanol, benzaldehyde and your unknown.", "The spectrum for cyclohexene, (C 6 H 10) also has few strong bands. The main band is a strong CH stretch from the CH 2 groups at about 3000 cm-1. The CH stretch for the alkene CH is, as always, to the left of 3000 cm-1. Look for aldehyde type C-H absorption bands. These are two weak absorptions to the right of the C-H stretch near 2850 cm-1 and 2750 cm-1 and are caused by the C-H bond that is part of the CHO aldehyde functional group.", "1 Functional group is an alkene, therefore suffix = - ene. 2 The longest continuous chain is C5 therefore root = pent. 3 In order to give the alkene the lowest number, number from the right as drawn. 4 The C=C is between C2 and C3 so the locant is 2-. 1 The root name is based on the longest chain containing both ends of the alkene unit, the C=C. 2 The chain is numbered so as to give the alkene unit the lowest possible numbers. 3 The locant for the first carbon of the alkene is used in the name.", "Organic Chemistry Functional Group Unknowns 2012 Functional Group Chemistry Introduction The chemistry of an organic molecule is primarily dictated by its functional groups. Organic Chemistry Functional Group Unknowns 2012 d. Jones Oxidation Test for Alcohols (1˚ and 2˚) and Aldehydes ***Jones Reagent contains Cr(VI) which is carcinogenic. Wear gloves and handle with care.*** • Perform the Jones test on acetone, isopropanol, benzaldehyde and your unknown.", "Cyclohexanone is the organic compound with the formula (CH 2) 5 CO. The molecule consists of six-carbon cyclic molecule with a ketone functional group. This colorless oil has an odor reminiscent of peardrop sweets as well as acetone. Over time, samples assume a yellow color due to oxidation. Cyclohexanone is slightly soluble in water and miscible with common organic solvents", "61 Experiment #4. Organic Chemistry Functional Group Unknowns 2012 • If the compound does not dissolve at all in water, repeat the test using 5% HCl instead of water. If the compound is significantly more soluble in acid than in water, it is an amine. Organic Chemistry Functional Group Unknowns 2012 d. Jones Oxidation Test for Alcohols (1˚ and 2˚) and Aldehydes ***Jones Reagent contains Cr(VI) which is carcinogenic. Wear gloves and handle with care.*** • Perform the Jones test on acetone, isopropanol, benzaldehyde and your unknown.", "Functional group suffix = -ene Substituent name = alkenyl Structural unit: alkenes contain C=C bonds. 1 The root name is based on the longest chain containing both ends of the alkene unit, the C=C. 2 The chain is numbered so as to give the alkene unit the lowest possible numbers. 1 The root name is based on the longest chain containing both ends of the alkene unit, the C=C. 2 The chain is numbered so as to give the alkene unit the lowest possible numbers. 3 The locant for the first carbon of the alkene is used in the name.", "Cyclohexane derivatives. The specific arrangement of functional groups in cyclohexane derivatives, and indeed in most cycloalkane molecules, is extremely important in chemical reactions, especially reactions involving nucleophiles. Substituents on the ring must be in the axial formation to react with other molecules. Cyclohexane is used as a nonpolar solvent for the chemical industry, and also as a raw material for the industrial production of adipic acid and caprolactam, both of which are intermediates used in the production of nylon. On an industrial scale, cyclohexane is produced by reacting benzene with hydrogen." ], "url": [ "http://elchem.kaist.ac.kr/jhkwak/OkanaganPdb97/nomenclature/ane-610.htm", "https://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/VirtTxtJml/addene1.htm", "http://classes.uleth.ca/201201/chem20007/9_2012%202000Expt4_Functional%20Groups5768.pdf", "http://www.800mainstreet.com/irsp/eir.html", "http://www.chem.ucalgary.ca/courses/351/orgnom/alkenes/alkenes-01.html", "http://classes.uleth.ca/201201/chem20007/9_2012%202000Expt4_Functional%20Groups5768.pdf", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclohexanone", "http://classes.uleth.ca/201201/chem20007/9_2012%202000Expt4_Functional%20Groups5768.pdf", "http://www.chem.ucalgary.ca/courses/351/orgnom/alkenes/alkenes-01.html", "http://www.worldofmolecules.com/solvents/cyclohexane.htm" ] }

[ "Cyclohexanone is the organic compound with the formula (CH 2) 5 CO. The molecule consists of six-carbon cyclic molecule with a ketone functional group. This colorless oil has an odor reminiscent of peardrop sweets as well as acetone. Over time, samples assume a yellow color due to oxidation. Cyclohexanone is slightly soluble in water and miscible with common organic solvents" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Pledged Asset. An asset that a borrower transfers to the possession of a lender as collateral for a loan. The borrower maintains ownership and all associated rights of the pledged asset. When the loan is repaid, the lender transfers possession back to the borrower. The pledged asset reduces the risk to the lender that the borrower will default, therefore possibly qualifying the borrower for some benefit, such as a lower interest rate. When buying a house, some mortgage borrowers will pledge an asset, such as stock, to the lender to qualify for a lower down payment.", "A pledged asset is returned to the borrower when all conditions of the debt have be satisfied. An asset that is transferred to a lender for the purpose of securing debt.", "Definition. Asset used as collateral for a loan. A pledged asset is transferred to the lender from the borrower to secure the debt. Ownership of the asset remains with the borrower during the loan period. When the debt has been repaid, the pledged asset is transferred back to the borrower. The lender assumes ownership of the loan if the borrower defaults on the", "BREAKING DOWN 'Pledged Asset'. A pledged asset is returned to the borrower when all conditions of the debt have be satisfied. Home buyers can sometimes pledge assets, such as securities, to lending institutions in order to reduce the necessary down payment. An asset that is transferred to a lender for the purpose of securing debt.", "Any asset that has been put up as collateral for a loan. Usually, that asset is transferred to the lender of the loan, until the loan has been cleared and acts as security.", "Because the pledged asset is a sum of money, it can be evaluated precisely and the lender cannot unduly benefit at the expense of the borrower. The courts, have thus, ascertained the above direction and, in practice, consider that banks are at liberty to set-off between the deposit and the loan 4. Baker & McKenzie Habib Al Mulla. This article was first published in the In House Lawyer. Under UAE law, the commercial pledge is a possessory pledge, which means that the possession of a pledged asset (but not its ownership) is transferred to a pledgee or to an agreed third party as security for the loan." ], "url": [ "http://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pledged+asset", "http://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/pledgedasset.asp", "http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/pledged-asset.html", "http://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/pledgedasset.asp", "http://thelawdictionary.org/pledged-asset/", "http://www.mondaq.com/x/148446/Fund+Management+Hedge+Mutual+Investment/Pledge+Of+A+Banking+Deposit" ] }

[ "Definition. Asset used as collateral for a loan. A pledged asset is transferred to the lender from the borrower to secure the debt. Ownership of the asset remains with the borrower during the loan period. When the debt has been repaid, the pledged asset is transferred back to the borrower. The lender assumes ownership of the loan if the borrower defaults on the" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Merkaba. The merkaba (sometimes spelled merkavah and, or merkabah) is a vehicle of ascension. It was believed in ancient times, and even written about by the Hebrews, that the merkavah could be turned on by certain principles in meditation. ", "Merkabah, also spelled Merkaba, is the divine light vehicle allegedly used by ascended masters to connect with and reach those in tune with the higher realms. Mer means Light. Ka means Spirit. Ba means Body. The word Merkaba or Merkava-Hebrew 'Chariot' or 'to ride an animal, in a chariot' - is used in the Bible (Ezekiel 1:4-26) to refer to the throne-chariot of God, the four-wheeled vehicle driven by four Cherubim, each of which has four wings and four faces (of a man, lion, ox, and eagle).", "Merkaba is another name for one's Light Body. Part of full consciousness, when spiritual, astral and physical bodies are integrated. The Merkaba allows self to shrink to baseball size and to travel anywhere, instantly. When the MerKaBa is activated it forms a counter-rotating field of spiritual light which creates a dimensional gateway for the Light body to stabilize within the physical body and for its other structures such as the Chakra’s to activate and stabilize as well.", "Merkaba The word Merkaba is actually composed of three separate words: Mer, which means light, Ka, which means spirit and Ba, which means Body. Put together, these three words connote the union of spirit with body, surrounded by light. ", "A Merkaba Star, or Mer-ka-bah Healing Crystal, carries the meaning and energy of a vehicle of Divine Light which is used by Seekers, Healers and Realm Walkers-the Masters-to travel into the Astral realms and thereby connect with the higher realm beings of Light. It is a tool for Ascension. ", "Merkaba is our light body, which allows us to move from one to another dimension. A natural Merkaba, created from the Sacred space of our Heart stays with us for ever and you do not need to reactivate it. The MerKaBa (sometimes spelled merkavah and, or merkabah) is a vehicle of Ascension. ", "Related pages: Merkaba. In order to explain what the Merkaba is we must first generally explain about the flow of energy and energy fields that surround the human body. The first definition refers to the Prana or Chi - This is the Life force. ", "The Merkaba is a counter-rotating field of light generated from the spinning of specific geometric forms that simultaneously affects one's spirit and body. It is a vehicle that can aid mind, body and spirit to access and experience other planes of reality or potentials of life. The Merkaba is a tool that helps humans reach their full potential. The Merkaba is a crystalline energy field that is comprised of specific sacred geometries that align the mind, body, and heart together. This energy field created from sacred geometry extends around the body for a distance of 55 feet.", "Merkaba Prana Sphere gold Merkaba Prana Sphere Silver Merkaba Prana Sphere is the most accurate representation of the Merkaba energy field. In order to explain what the Merkaba is, we must first generally explain the flow of energy and energy fields that surround the human body. The first definition refers to the Prana or Chi-This is the Life force. This unseen energy exists everywhere in the universe in great quantities." ], "url": [ "http://bobfrissell.com/merkaba.php", "http://www.crystalinks.com/merkabah.html", "http://spiritualhealing-now.com/merkaba.html", "http://www.ancient-symbols.com/symbols-directory/merkaba.html", "http://www.old-earth.com/merkaba.html", "http://www.awakening-heart.org/articles/merkaba", "http://www.merkaba.co.il/Merkaba.htm", "http://www.mountainvalleycenter.com/merkaba-crystals.php", "http://www.ka-gold-jewelry.com/p-articles/merkaba.php" ] }

[ "Merkabah, also spelled Merkaba, is the divine light vehicle allegedly used by ascended masters to connect with and reach those in tune with the higher realms. Mer means Light. Ka means Spirit. Ba means Body. The word Merkaba or Merkava-Hebrew 'Chariot' or 'to ride an animal, in a chariot' - is used in the Bible (Ezekiel 1:4-26) to refer to the throne-chariot of God, the four-wheeled vehicle driven by four Cherubim, each of which has four wings and four faces (of a man, lion, ox, and eagle)." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Friends said the socialite sister of Kate Middleton got engaged to boyfriend Nico Jackson and plans to get married in the spring. The 29-year-old Pippa and 35-year-old Jackson have only been together for six months, but apparently are ready to walk down the aisle. Pippa Middleton is planning to marry her stockbroker boyfriend in a few months, and her royal sister Kate may be in the wedding party.", "It was a family affair as the Duchess Of Cambridge's sister and her boyfriend Nico Jackson were joined by Kate's brother-in-law Prince Harry, 30, for the nuptials of their close friends Charlie Gilkes and Anneke von Trotha Taylor. Prince William was also noticeably absent due to his royal commitments that involved a tour of Malta this weekend. Prnce Harry (left) Nico Jackson (second left), Princess Beatrice (centre in red) and Pippa Middleton (centre front) joined the throngs to enter the castle to celebrate their friends getting hitched.", "Royals including Prince Harry, and Princess Beatrice join Pippa Middleton for the Italian wedding of her former flame. 1 Duchess of Cambridge had to stay at home because of morning sickness. 2 Pippa's brother James was also in attendance with his girlfriend Donna Air. Prince William was also noticeably absent due to his royal commitments that involved a tour of Malta this weekend. Prnce Harry (left) Nico Jackson (second left), Princess Beatrice (centre in red) and Pippa Middleton (centre front) joined the throngs to enter the castle to celebrate their friends getting hitched.", "A new report from the Telegraph goes on the record about Prince Harry and girlfriend Cressida Bonas, quoting one of Cressie's friends: Cressie is going to marry Harry.. According to the Telegraph's source, Harry never stops talking about marriage and children, and she has now got used to the idea. The wedding is likely to take place next year.. So it's a race to the altar between Pippa Middleton and her beau, Nico Jackson, and Pippa's royal brother-in-law and his future princess bride. Both have been dating for about a year, but Harry has been quite explicit about his desire to settle down.", "Royal family members, still stinging from the negative attention of topless pictures of Kate Middleton and stories of Prince Harry’s Las Vegas antics, reportedly grew wary of the publicity Pippa was bringing and asked her to keep a lower profile. Pippa Middleton is planning to marry her stockbroker boyfriend in a few months, and her royal sister Kate may be in the wedding party.", "Pippa talks about her bridesmaid dress. For the first time Pippa Middleton, sister of Kate, sits down with an interviewer and talks about that form-fitting dress that many commented on after her sister's wedding to Prince William. 1 Autoplay On Off. 2 Video feedback. 3 Video settings.", "Though famously close, Kate and Pippa actually clashed a bit in recent months. As Kate was winding down toward the birth of Prince George, she and members of the royal family reportedly asked Pippa to scale back on her public appearances. Pippa Middleton is planning to marry her stockbroker boyfriend in a few months, and her royal sister Kate may be in the wedding party.", "Seeing Prince William and Kate [ Middleton ] get married and settle down has had a real effect on Harry, the source explained. He's just seen how happy they are and he's realized that he wants that too.. Click/tap elsewhere to exit, or press ESC. By the looks of it, Prince Harry is ready to settle down. An insider tells E! News that the young royal is getting serious with his girlfriend Cressida Bonas and that the two are definitely talking marriage.", "Prince Harry's girlfriend Cressida Bonas has finally realised that she is happy to marry him, The Telegraph can reveal. Cressida Bonas and Prince Harry in London. ", "A shocking new report claims that Prince Harry of Wales will be planning a wedding to his beautiful girlfriend in the very near future. According to the report, Cressida Bonas and her family are holding a summit in regards to her potential engagement. There are also rumors that Princess Kate's sister, Pippa Middleton, has become jealous over all of the attention Cressy is getting." ], "url": [ "http://www.inquisitr.com/931712/pippa-middleton-getting-married-in-the-spring-kate-could-be-bridesmaid/", "http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2762782/VIP-GUESTS-Prince-Harry-Pippa-Middleton-boyfriend-Nico-Jackson-attend-close-friend-s-wedding-stunning-Puglia.html", "http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2762782/VIP-GUESTS-Prince-Harry-Pippa-Middleton-boyfriend-Nico-Jackson-attend-close-friend-s-wedding-stunning-Puglia.html", "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/07/cressida-bonas-marry-prince-harry_n_4057852.html", "http://www.inquisitr.com/931712/pippa-middleton-getting-married-in-the-spring-kate-could-be-bridesmaid/", "http://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/celebrity/pippa-middleton-claims-she-was-bullied-following-prince-william-and-kates-wedding-20140701-zsrsu.html", "http://www.inquisitr.com/931712/pippa-middleton-getting-married-in-the-spring-kate-could-be-bridesmaid/", "http://www.eonline.com/news/467618/prince-harry-ready-to-marry-cressida-bonas-royal-wants-what-prince-william-and-kate-middleton-have", "http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/prince-harry/10358395/Prince-Harry-set-to-marry-Cressida-Bonas-say-friends.html", "http://www.classicalite.com/articles/7265/20140405/prince-harry-wales-wedding-engaged-cressida-bonas-summit-pippa-middleton-update.htm" ] }

[ "Prince Harry's girlfriend Cressida Bonas has finally realised that she is happy to marry him, The Telegraph can reveal. Cressida Bonas and Prince Harry in London. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The most common side effects of methadone are: constipation, drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth, headache, itching, sweating, lightheadedness, nausea, vomiting, and weakness. Do not stop taking methadone abruptly, as severe withdrawal symptoms may occur. The only way to gain weight is to increase caloric intake. Methadone is a medication used to relieve severe pain. It's also used to prevent withdrawal symptoms in people who are addicted to opiate drugs such as morphine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, and fentanyl. Dolophine and Methadose are two common brand names for methadon", "Methadone Hydrochloride in Detail-Patient Information: Side Effects. Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Less serious side effects may include: 1 feeling anxious, nervous, or restless; 2 sleep problems (insomnia); 3 feeling weak or drowsy; 4 dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, loss of appetite; or", "Other side effects with methadone include abdominal pain, loss of appetite, constipation, dry mouth and tongue swelling. Methadone may cause drowsiness, dizziness, blurred vision, or lightheadedness. These effects may be worse if you take it with alcohol or certain medicines. Methadone is a medication used to relieve severe pain. It's also used to prevent withdrawal symptoms in people who are addicted to opiate drugs such as morphine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, and fentanyl. Dolophine and Methadose are two common brand names for methadone", "Call your doctor at once if you have any of these serious side effects: 1 shallow breathing; 2 hallucinations or confusion; 3 chest pain, dizziness, fainting, fast or pounding heartbeat; or. 4 trouble breathing, feeling light-headed, or fainting. Less serious side effects may include: 1 feeling anxious, nervous, or restless; 2 sleep problems (insomnia); 3 feeling weak or drowsy; 4 dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, loss of appetite; or", "USES: This is used for narcotic addiction or for severe pain. Methadone is a potent narcotic substance. It can cause serious side effects and toxic reactions if used by someone other than the person for whom it is prescribed. Do not share this medication with others. HOW TO USE: Take this medication only by mouth. To prevent upset stomach, take with food or milk. ", "Common side effects of methadone include anxiety, nervousness, restlessness, insomnia, weakness, drowsiness, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, loss of appetite, and decreased sex drive. Weight gain can also be a common side effect of methadone. Methadone is a medication used to relieve severe pain. It's also used to prevent withdrawal symptoms in people who are addicted to opiate drugs such as morphine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, and fentanyl. Dolophine and Methadose are two common brand names for", "Methadone is a drug that is prescribed to treat pain and drug addiction. As with all drugs, there is always a risk of side effects. In many cases, patients may not report these to their doctors, but it is advisable to do so. Otherwise, side effects that are not so serious include: 1 Feelings of anxiety. 2 Restlessness or nervousness. 3 Insomnia or related sleep issues. 4 Drowsiness. 5 Weakness. 6 Dry mouth. 7 Appetite loss. 8 Constipation. 9 Nausea. 10 Diarrhoea. 11 Vomiting. 12 Orgasm issues. 13 Impotence and/or a decrease in sexual appetite.", "Methadone allergic reactions are very different from methadone side effects. Any sign of swelling of the throat, face, tongue or lips, breathing difficulties or hives needs emergency attention. However, it is imperative that a doctor is contacted immediately with the following side effects which are still very serious. Otherwise, side effects that are not so serious include: 1 Feelings of anxiety. 2 Restlessness or nervousness. 3 Insomnia or related sleep issues. 4 Drowsiness. 5 Weakness. 6 Dry mouth. 7 Appetite loss. 8 Constipation. 9 Nausea. 10 Diarrhoea. 11 Vomiting. 12 Orgasm issues. 13 Impotence and/or a decrease in sexual appetite." ], "url": [ "http://www.everydayhealth.com/drugs/methadone", "http://www.rxlist.com/methadone-hydrochloride-side-effects-drug-center.htm", "http://www.everydayhealth.com/drugs/methadone", "http://www.rxlist.com/methadone-hydrochloride-side-effects-drug-center.htm", "http://www.medicinenet.com/methadone_liquid-oral/page2.htm", "http://www.everydayhealth.com/drugs/methadone", "http://methadone-withdrawal.com/side-effects-of-methadone/", "http://methadone-withdrawal.com/side-effects-of-methadone/" ] }

[ "Common side effects of methadone include anxiety, nervousness, restlessness, insomnia, weakness, drowsiness, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, loss of appetite, and decreased sex drive. Weight gain can also be a common side effect of methadone. Methadone is a medication used to relieve severe pain. It's also used to prevent withdrawal symptoms in people who are addicted to opiate drugs such as morphine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, and fentanyl. Dolophine and Methadose are two common brand names for" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "In a twelve-season career with St Kilda, Winmar won the club's best and fairest award, the Trevor Barker Award, in 1989 and 1995 and was also twice named in the All-Australian team.", "At the end of the season, Winmar was also refused clearance by St Kilda to play in the Aboriginal All-Stars game, held at Marrara Oval in Darwin. In 1995, Winmar played in each of St Kilda's 22 games, winning the club's best and fairest award for a second time and also being named in the All-Australian team.", "Significance. After a post siren goal by team mate Stuart Loewe, which resulted in a 22 point win to St Kilda over Collingwood, Winmar raised his fists in the air in celebration of his team's first win at Victoria Park since 1976.", "Neil Elvis Nicky Winmar (born 25 September 1965) is a former Australian rules footballer, best known for his career for St Kilda and the Western Bulldogs in the Australian Football League (AFL), as well as South Fremantle in the West Australian Football League.", "Neil Elvis (Nicky) Winmar. O n the day Neil Elvis (Nicky) Winmar was born, the Saints lost the 1965 Grand Final to Essendon. On his first birthday, the club was still celebrating its first (and so far only) Grand Final win against Collingwood achieved the previous day.", "The East Perth District is seeking Indigenous players born in 2000, 2001 or 2002 to participate in the Nicky Winmar Cup carnival for 2015. A team representing East Perth will participate in the carnival, which will be held on Sunday 1 st March at Bendigo Bank Stadium in Mandurah.", "Nicky Winmar was born on September 25, 1965 in Pingelly, Western Australia, Australia as Neil Elvis Winmar.", "After an outstanding season in 1989, Winmar won St Kilda's best and fairest award and was also named in the VFL's Team of the Year on a half-forward flank. He also finished equal third in the 1989 Brownlow Medal, polling 16 votes from his 22 games.", "More than three hours before Nicky Winmar made history, 20 years ago on Wednesday, he entered a pact with Gilbert McAdam, another Aboriginal player with St Kilda, who was about to play his first game at Victoria Park, then the home ground of the Magpies." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicky_Winmar", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicky_Winmar", "http://collections.museumvictoria.com.au/items/1906576", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicky_Winmar", "http://members.tip.net.au/~mos/nicky/neil%20elvis.html", "http://www.eastperthfc.com.au/news/7789/district-events-nicky-winmar-football-carnival-nominations-and-afl-9s-registration", "http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2426733/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicky_Winmar", "http://www.theage.com.au/afl/afl-news/the-day-nicky-winmar-drew-the-line-20130416-2hydd.html" ] }

[ "Nicky Winmar was born on September 25, 1965 in Pingelly, Western Australia, Australia as Neil Elvis Winmar." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Urticaria is the medical term for a type of allergic rash. Hives are the most common type of urticaria. Hives are itchy, pink to light red, raised blotches that are usually one-quarter to one-half inch in size. Hives can occur on any part of the body.", "A. A. A. Urticaria, also known as hives, is an outbreak of swollen, pale red bumps or plaques (wheals) on the skin that appear suddenly -- either as a result of the body's reaction to certain allergens, or for unknown reasons. Hives usually cause itching, but may also burn or sting. ", "A. Hives, also known as urticaria, are an outbreak of swollen, pale red bumps, patches, or welts on the skin that appear suddenly -- either as a result of allergies, or for other reasons. Poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac are plants that contain an irritating, oily sap called urushiol. A. Hives, also known as urticaria, are an outbreak of swollen, pale red bumps, patches, or welts on the skin that appear suddenly -- either as a result of allergies, or for other reasons. Hives usually cause itching, but may also burn or sting.", "Hives, also known as urticaria, affects about 20 percent of people at some time during their lives. It can be triggered by many substances or situations and usually starts as an itchy patch of skin that turns into swollen red welts. ", "Cold Urticaria (essentially meaning cold hives) is an allergy where hives (urticaria) or large red welts form on the skin after exposure to a cold stimulus. The welts are usually itchy and often the hands and feet will become itchy and swollen as well. ", "Introduction. Urticaria – also known as hives, welts or nettle rash – is a raised, itchy rash that appears on the skin. The rash can be on just one part of the body or be spread across large areas. The affected area may change in appearance within 24 hours, and the rash will usually settle within a few days.", "Hives (urticaria). Hives (urticaria) are skin reactions that appear as red, raised, itchy welts and can occur on any part of the body. Short-lived (acute) hives are often due to an allergic reaction to a food or medication, though they also commonly result from a viral infection in children. ", "A person with allergic urticaria has swelling of the skin, due to allergies. Urticaria or hives causes mild redness and swelling of the skin. Urticaria usually resolves in 48 to 72 hours. Allergic urticaria is very common. About 1 out of every 1,000 people in the US develop urticaria each year. Hives are the most common type of urticaria. Hives are itchy, pink to light red, raised blotches that are usually one-quarter to one-half inch in size. Hives can occur on any part of the body.", "Hives are also known as urticaria, welts, wheals, or nettle rash. It is a red, raised, itchy skin rash that is sometimes triggered by something that produces an allergic reaction-an allergen. When there is an allergic reaction the body releases a protein called histamine. Acute urticaria or Acute hives. When symptoms last less than 6 weeks it is called acute urticaria. This is by far the most common type. 25% of people with acute urticaria also have angioedema-swelling in the deeper layers of skin." ], "url": [ "http://www.freemd.com/allergic-urticaria/overview.htm", "http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/guide/hives-urticaria-angioedema", "http://www.webmd.com/allergies/guide/hives-urticaria-angioedema", "http://acaai.org/allergies/types/skin-allergies/hives-urticaria", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_urticaria", "http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Nettle-rash/Pages/Introduction.aspx", "http://www.medicinenet.com/allergy/page12.htm", "http://www.freemd.com/allergic-urticaria/overview.htm", "http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/157260.php" ] }

[ "Urticaria is the medical term for a type of allergic rash. Hives are the most common type of urticaria. Hives are itchy, pink to light red, raised blotches that are usually one-quarter to one-half inch in size. Hives can occur on any part of the body." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Meningitis. Inflammation of the meninges (three thin layers of tissue that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord). Meningitis is usually caused by a bacterial or viral infection, but sometimes is caused by cancer, drug allergies, or inflammatory diseases. PubMed Health Glossary. About Meningitis. Meningitis is most often caused by a bacterial infection. It also may be caused by a virus, fungal infection, parasite, a reaction to certain medications or medical treatments, a rheumatologic disease such as lupus, some types of cancer, or a traumatic injury to the head or spine.", "Aseptic meningitis is similar to other forms of meningitis, but the cause is not a bacterial infection of the meninges or CSF. Aseptic meningitis can be caused by viruses, some drug reactions, and certain conditions, such as tuberculosis, brain surgery, head injury, cancer, or Lyme disease. Meningitis is a serious disease that is marked by inflammation of the membranes (meninges) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which encase and protect the brain and spinal cord. Meningitis is also called spinal meningitis.", "Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges (the protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord) caused by an infection. The inflammation can cause damage to the brain and spinal cord. ", "1 Meningitis is inflammation of the membranes (called meninges) that surround the brain and spinal cord. 2 Both encephalitis and meningitis can be caused by bacteria or viruses, and rarely a fungus, or be noninfectious. 3 Headache and fever are the most common symptoms of encephalitis and meningitis. Encephalitis and meningitis facts. 1 Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain. 2 Meningitis is inflammation of the membranes (called meninges) that surround the brain and spinal cord. 3", "Meningitis is a condition that causes inflammation and swelling in the lining of the brain and spinal cord. This swelling from meningitis can harm or destroy nerve cells and cause bleeding in the brain. ", "Meningitis is a disease caused by the inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord known as the meninges. The inflammation is usually caused by an infection of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Meningitis is also referred to as spinal meningitis. Meningitis may develop in response to a number of causes, usually bacteria or viruses, but meningitis can also be caused by physical injury, cancer or certain drugs. ", "Meningitis (from Greek μῆνιγξ meninx, méninx membrane and the medical-suffix, itis) inflammation is an acute inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal, cord known collectively as the. meninges Meningitis can be life-threatening because of the inflammation's proximity to the brain and spinal cord; therefore, the condition is classified as a medical emergency.", "Meningitis is inflammation of the lining around the brain and spinal cord. It is usually caused by an infection. The infection occurs most often in children, teens, and young adults. ", "Meningitis is almost always caused by a bacterial or viral infection that began elsewhere in the body, such as in the ears, sinuses, or upper respiratory tract. Less common causes of meningitis include fungal infection, autoimmune disorders, and medications. Bacterial meningitis is caused by any one of several bacteria. The most common bacteria causing meningitis in children and adults in the U.S. are Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus), Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) and, in older patients with decreased immunity, Listeria monocytogenes.", "The inflammation may be caused by infection with viruses, bacteria, or other microorganisms, and less commonly by certain drugs. Meningitis can be life-threatening because of the inflammation's proximity to the brain and spinal cord; therefore, the condition is classified as a medical emergency." ], "url": [ "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0024781/", "http://www.healthgrades.com/conditions/meningitis", "http://www.brainandspine.org.uk/meningitis", "http://www.medicinenet.com/encephalitis_and_meningitis/article.htm", "http://meningitis.emedtv.com/meningitis/meningitis.html", "http://cdhd.ne.gov/immunizations-nursing-clinics/149-meningitis", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningitis", "http://www.webmd.com/children/vaccines/tc/meningitis-topic-overview", "http://www.webmd.com/children/understanding-meningitis-basics", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningitis" ] }

[ "Meningitis is a condition that causes inflammation and swelling in the lining of the brain and spinal cord. This swelling from meningitis can harm or destroy nerve cells and cause bleeding in the brain. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Most builders can give you an idea of what your extension will cost per square foot or metre. For example, a basic single storey extension would typically cost around £1,000 per square metre but it could be up to £1,600 or more for a premium two storey extension. ", "Hans Hansen/Lifesize/Getty Images. Building an extension to your home is a costly project that can easily lead to budget-busting overruns. To avoid this, calculating an accurate cost for the extension beforehand is vital. This is especially true for a DIY builder intending to save money by cutting out the labor and contractor costs. Call various building supply companies in your area and get an estimate of costs for the supplies, including the cost to deliver the supplies to your building site. Note the average cost of supplies for your calculations. Make a list of the tools you'll need to buy or rent to complete the project yourself.", "Whatprice provide a useful cost calculator (below), or better still why not use our FREE quotation service to get an accurate cost for building an extension. With the extension cost calculator you can get a quick, free, rough estimate of at least some of the costs involved in building extra room(s) for your house. House Extension Costs Calculator. The current uncertainty in the housing market has caused an upsurge in the number of house extensions being built. Adding a bedroom to a house is an almost certain way of increasing the value of a property beyond the cost of having the work done.", "You may have heard that the rule of thumb is £1,000 per m2. However, this figure has been bandied about for rather a long time now! From experience, £1,200 per m2 is a now a more realistic estimate for a house extension cost in 2015 and reflects price increases over the last few years. So, for your 4 x 5m extension, the build cost would be roughly £24,000. As a rule of thumb you can add 50% extra to the build cost of a single storey extension. So, £24,000 +50% = £36,000. + Add on 10-15% for professional fees (architect, planning application, building regs, structural engineer). + VAT.", "In most cases, when you are extending your home you will be able to keep all the original cladding on your house and simply add the same style of cladding to your addition so it blends in perfectly. Painting the exterior of an average sized, single-storey house with a one-room extension is likely to cost around $15,000. A same level house extension in New Zealand will cost approximately $60,000 to $200,000+. Adding a room or extending your living area on the ground floor are affordable ways of creating more space. Here are some key points to consider that will help you keep your renovation costs in check", "This tool is to assist you in estimating the approximate budget cost for building work on your home. It is important to know the proposed floor area of the new extension and also the floor area of associated renovation works together with other works in the remainder of the house. " ], "url": [ "http://www.buildinginspiration.co.uk/planning/budgeting-extensions/", "http://www.ehow.com/how_7956469_calculate-cost-building-extension.html", "http://www.whatprice.co.uk/costs/extension-costs.php", "http://designfor-me.com/cost-planning/how-much-does-a-house-extension-cost/", "http://www.refreshrenovations.co.nz/project-estimates/home-extension-renovation-cost-estimate/", "http://homearchitect.ie/costcalculator.html" ] }

[ "Most builders can give you an idea of what your extension will cost per square foot or metre. For example, a basic single storey extension would typically cost around £1,000 per square metre but it could be up to £1,600 or more for a premium two storey extension. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Our New Look. The American Institutes for Research (AIR) ran the National Center on Response to Intervention (NCRTI) from 2007-2012 with a grant from the Office of Special Education Programs. When the Center’s federal funding ended in 2012, AIR took over upkeep and maintenance of the Center’s website and products. ", "RTI is general education process that is used in schools to ensure students receive the supports they need to be successful and excel in school. In the educational literature, RTI is often referred to as a Standard Protocol Approach, as a Problem Solving Model. , or as a hybrid of the two. RTI seeks to prevent academic and behavioral failure through universal screening, early intervention, frequent progress monitoring, and increasingly intensive research-based instruction or interventions for children who continue to have difficulty.", "According to many publications about the three-tier model of RTI, a school's goal is for no more than 20% of students to require additional support beyond good Tier I curriculum and instruction (Burns et al., 2005). ", "The problem-solving process occurs within each tier of the pyramid. The third essential component of RTI is the use of an integrated data-collection/assessment system to inform decisions at each tier of the pyramid. This component helps determine a student’s response to instruction and intervention. The overarching format for these assessments is curriculum-based assessment. This approach is not about placing the problems within the student, but rather examining the student’s response to instruction and/or intervention. In essence, RTI expands the practice of looking at students’ risk of learning and behavioral failure beyond the student and takes into consideration a host of factors.", "What is at the heart of RtI? The purpose of RtI is to provide all students with the best opportunities to succeed in school, identify students with learning or behavioral problems, and ensure that they receive appropriate instruction and related supports. While RtI required a student to be compared to grade level peers, information as to how rapidly a student is progressing in a below grade level intervention will help the problem-solving team determine a reasonable and realistic period of time before the student may be expected to achieve grade-level proficiency.", "Classroom teachers often collect the data under the RtI process, much as they do for other instructional initiatives. However, the spirit and intent of problem-solving teams is for all members of the school’s problem-solving team to collaborate and assist in improving educational outcomes for students. While RtI required a student to be compared to grade level peers, information as to how rapidly a student is progressing in a below grade level intervention will help the problem-solving team determine a reasonable and realistic period of time before the student may be expected to achieve grade-level proficiency.", "RTI's underlying premise is that schools should not wait until students fall far enough behind to qualify for special education to provide them with the help they need. Instead, schools should provide targeted and systematic interventions to all students as soon as they demonstrate the need. Like obedient soldiers, site educators take their RTI marching orders and begin to complete the items on their RTI to-do list, such as administering a universal screening assessment, regrouping students in tiered groups, or creating a tutorial period. Such an approach is fraught with pitfalls.", "In RtI, the problem solving method is used to match instructional resources to educational need. The problem solving method is used at all three tiers: for all students (Tier 1), for groups of students (Tier 2), and for individual or small groups of students (Tier 3). RtI involves an education process that matches instructional and intervention strategies and supports to student needs in an informed, ongoing approach for planning, implementing, and evaluating the effectiveness of instruction, curricular supports, and interventions.", "Finally, because the best intervention is prevention, the effective RTI school would use universal screening data to identify students lacking the prerequisite skills for an essential standard and then provide targeted Tier 2 or Tier 3 support before delivering core instruction on that standard. Like obedient soldiers, site educators take their RTI marching orders and begin to complete the items on their RTI to-do list, such as administering a universal screening assessment, regrouping students in tiered groups, or creating a tutorial period. Such an approach is fraught with pitfalls.", "Response to Intervention or RTI grew from efforts to improve identification practices in special education. Simply put, it is a process of systematically documenting the performance of students as evidence of the need for additional services after making changes in classroom instruction. " ], "url": [ "http://www.rti4success.org/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Response_to_intervention", "http://www.rtinetwork.org/learn/research/response-to-intervention-research-is-the-sum-of-the-parts-as-great-as-the-whole", "http://aasa.org/SchoolAdministratorArticle.aspx?id=4932", "http://www.marion.k12.fl.us/dept/asi/mtss/extra/file/FAQs.pdf", "http://www.marion.k12.fl.us/dept/asi/mtss/extra/file/FAQs.pdf", "http://www.ascd.org/publications/educational-leadership/oct10/vol68/num02/The-Why-Behind-RTI.aspx", "http://www.isbe.net/RtI_plan/pdf/parent-guide09.pdf", "http://www.ascd.org/publications/educational-leadership/oct10/vol68/num02/The-Why-Behind-RTI.aspx", "https://www.pbis.org/school/rti" ] }

[ "Finally, because the best intervention is prevention, the effective RTI school would use universal screening data to identify students lacking the prerequisite skills for an essential standard and then provide targeted Tier 2 or Tier 3 support before delivering core instruction on that standard. Like obedient soldiers, site educators take their RTI marching orders and begin to complete the items on their RTI to-do list, such as administering a universal screening assessment, regrouping students in tiered groups, or creating a tutorial period. Such an approach is fraught with pitfalls." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The Retarder works wear-free, it can eliminate 90% of all brake application. Thus the normal foot brake remains cold and is available with emergencies with the full braking power (no fading with hot brake linings). Cost saving, the normal brake linings last up to 8x longer, which decreases the downtime in the shop. ", "In contrast, eddy current retarder brakes comprise a distinct and purpose built static armature and rotor that are explicitly made and added to a vehicle for braking and dissipation of heat and not for motive power; it is a purpose built system distinct from the motor. They are usually used as an additional assistance to slow vehicles, with the final braking done by a conventional friction braking system. As the friction brake will be used less, particularly at higher speeds, their service life is increased.", "Allison’s hydraulic retarder is basically a vaned flywheelin the transmission housing. The transmission directs oilinto the retarder housing to absorb the vehicle’s energythrough the drive shaft.The absorbed energy isconverted to heat and dissipated through the vehicle’scooling system. ", "Water reducers, retarders, and superplasticizers are admixtures for concrete, which are added in order to reduce the water content in a mixture or to slow the setting rate of the concrete while retaining the flowing properties of a concrete mixture. ", "The transmission retarder is enabled by a switch on the driver's console. When enabled, the transmission retarder is activated by two different methods; either with the application of the service brake pedal or by releasing the throttle pedal. A joystick on the driver's console selects the amount of retardation. The hydraulic retarder is a most simple device, and has only one moving part -- a rotor or paddle wheel.. The truck wheels turn the rotor through the transmission. The rotor throws the oil in the rotor cavity against the fixed stator vanes, which resist the oil flow.", "A retarder is a device used to augment or replace some of the functions of primary friction-based braking systems, usually on heavy vehicles. Retarders serve to slow vehicles, or maintain a steady speed on declines, and help prevent the vehicle from running away by accelerating down the decline. They are not usually capable of bringing vehicles to a standstill, as their effectiveness diminishes as vehicle speed lowers. They are usually used as an additional assistance to slow vehicles, with the final braking done by a conventional friction braking system. As the friction brake will be used less, particularly at higher speeds, their service life is increased.", "Brake-retarders improve road safety and augment the functioning of wheel brakes. Brake-retarders operate by switching the vehicle’s diesel engine to a compression mode, such that only air is supplied to the engine cylinders. Some vehicles with especially high load capacity and hydrodynamic transmissions use rotor-type brake-retarders, in which rotors with curved blades are installed on the drive shaft of the transmission.", "Answered by The Community. Making the world better, one answer at a time. Some vehicles have retarders which help slow a vehicle, reducing the need for using your brakes. They reduce brake wear and give you another way to slow down. There are many types of retarders (exhaust, engine, hydraulic, electric). All retarders can be turned on or off by the driver. On some, the retarding power can be adjusted. When turned on, retarders apply their braking power (to the drive wheels only) whenever you let up on the accelerator pedal all the way. ", "BRAKING THROUGH RESISTANCE. Allison’s hydraulic retarder is basically a vaned flywheel in the transmission housing. The transmission directs oil into the retarder housing to absorb the vehicle’s energy through the drive shaft. The absorbed energy is converted to heat and dissipated through the vehicle’s cooling system. The hydraulic retarder is a most simple device, and has only one moving part -- a rotor or paddle wheel.. The truck wheels turn the rotor through the transmission. The rotor throws the oil in the rotor cavity against the fixed stator vanes, which resist the oil flow.", "Retarders. Cement setting times can be adjusted with retarders. Cement retarders control the time when a slurry will set hard, keeping the slurry viscous and pumpable in expected wellbore temperatures and for the amount of time required to place the slurry. Retarders decrease the rate of cement hydration, acting in a manner opposite to that of accelerators. HR®-7 Cement Retarder. A sodium lignosulfonate used as a retarder and dispersant in all classes of cement and Pozmix® cement at temperatures ranging from 110°F (43.3°C) up to 170°F (76.7°C), as a secondary effect HR-7 retarder can decrease air entrainment and help control fluid loss." ], "url": [ "http://kloft-retarder.com/What%20is%20a%20Retarder.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retarder_(mechanical_engineering)", "http://svfd.net/SVFD%20Files/Articles/Engineer/Retarder%20Operation%20How%20Does%20It%20Work.pdf", "http://www.engr.psu.edu/ce/courses/ce584/concrete/library/materials/Admixture/AdmixturesMain.htm", "http://www.beamalarm.com/Documents/transmission_retarder_operation.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retarder_(mechanical_engineering)", "http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Brake-Retarder", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_are_retarders_on_trucks", "http://www.beamalarm.com/Documents/transmission_retarder_operation.html", "http://www.halliburton.com/en-US/ps/cementing/materials-chemicals-additives/retarders/default.page?node-id=hfqelagf" ] }

[ "A retarder is a device used to augment or replace some of the functions of primary friction-based braking systems, usually on heavy vehicles. Retarders serve to slow vehicles, or maintain a steady speed on declines, and help prevent the vehicle from running away by accelerating down the decline. They are not usually capable of bringing vehicles to a standstill, as their effectiveness diminishes as vehicle speed lowers. They are usually used as an additional assistance to slow vehicles, with the final braking done by a conventional friction braking system. As the friction brake will be used less, particularly at higher speeds, their service life is increased." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "You experience heartburn and acid regurgitation more often than most people when you have gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Your doctor may recommend trying over-the-counter (OTC) antacids in conjunction with diet and lifestyle changes to treat these symptoms. ", "If you have been using nonprescription medicines to treat your symptoms for longer than 2 weeks, talk to your doctor. If you have gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), the stomach acid could be causing damage to your esophagus. Your doctor can help you find the right treatment. Antacids, H2 blockers, and proton pump inhibitors-either prescription or nonprescription-are usually tried first. Medicines can: 1 Relieve symptoms (heartburn, sour taste, or pain). 2 Allow the esophagus to heal. 3 Prevent complications of GERD.", "You may be wondering what you can expect over the course of your treatment: how quickly it will help you feel better, how long you might need to take medications, or how long you might need to make lifestyle changes. GERD treatment is based on whether your symptoms are mild, moderate, or severe. Maintenance treatment for persistent-but-mild GERD. People who require maintenance treatment may be directed to take either antacids or H2 blocker medication on a regular schedule rather than taking them as needed.. Your doctor will determine the best schedule for you.", "All of these medications are available over the counter. Initial treatment for moderate-to-severe GERD. With moderate-to-severe GERD, lifestyle changes are also important. However, rather than take medication as needed, moderate-to-severe GERD is treated continuously for 6 to 12 weeks, sometimes even longer. Your doctor will select medications based on the severity of your symptoms and whether or not reflux has damaged your esophagus. Maintenance treatment for persistent-but-mild GERD. People who require maintenance treatment may be directed to take either antacids or H2 blocker medication on a regular schedule rather than taking them as needed.. Your doctor will determine the best schedule for you.", "1 Antacids, such as Mylanta and Tums. 2 Antacids neutralize stomach acid and relieve heartburn. 3 If you want to take medicine only when your symptoms bother you, antacids are a good choice. 4 H2 blockers, such as cimetidine (Tagamet) and famotidine (Pepcid). 5 H2 blockers reduce the amount of acid in the stomach. Antacids, H2 blockers, and proton pump inhibitors-either prescription or nonprescription-are usually tried first. Medicines can: 1 Relieve symptoms (heartburn, sour taste, or pain). 2 Allow the esophagus to heal. 3 Prevent complications of GERD.", "Considering taking medication to treat Acid Reflux GERD-Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease? Below is a list of common medications used to treat or reduce the symptoms of Acid Reflux GERD-Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Follow the links to read common uses, side effects, dosage details and read user reviews for the drugs listed below.", "Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic digestive disease. GERD occurs when stomach acid or, occasionally, stomach content, flows back into your food pipe (esophagus). The backwash (reflux) irritates the lining of your esophagus and causes GERD. ", "Different medications for GERD work in different ways. Your doctor may prescribe a combination of over the counter and prescription medications to help treat and control your GERD. Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs). 1 Omeprazole. 2 Lansoprazole. 3 Pantoprazole. 4 Rabeprazole. 5 Esomeprazole. 6 Dexlansoprazole. ", "Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are a class of very effective and generally safe medicines used to treat heartburn, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and gastric ulcers.But not everyone who experiences heartburn needs one. ", "Over-the-counter treatments that may help control heartburn include: 1 Antacids that neutralize stomach acid. 2 Medications to reduce acid production. 3 Medications that block acid production and heal the esophagus. Initial treatments to control heartburn. Over-the-counter treatments that may help control heartburn include: 1 Antacids that neutralize stomach acid. 2 Antacids, such as Maalox, Mylanta, Gelusil, Gaviscon, Rolaids and Tums, may provide quick relief." ], "url": [ "http://www.healthline.com/health/gerd/antacids", "http://www.webmd.com/heartburn-gerd/tc/gastroesophageal-reflux-disease-gerd-medications", "http://health.howstuffworks.com/diseases-conditions/digestive/how-long-will-i-need-gerd-treatment.htm", "http://health.howstuffworks.com/diseases-conditions/digestive/how-long-will-i-need-gerd-treatment.htm", "http://www.webmd.com/heartburn-gerd/tc/gastroesophageal-reflux-disease-gerd-medications", "http://www.webmd.com/drugs/condition-1999-Acid%20Reflux%20%20GERD-Gastroesophageal%20Reflux%20Disease%20.aspx", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gerd/basics/definition/con-20025201", "http://health.cvs.com/GetContent.aspx?token=f75979d3-9c7c-4b16-af56-3e122a3f19e3&chunkiid=19503", "http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/2013/07/best-drugs-to-treat-heartburn-and-gerd/index.htm", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gerd/basics/treatment/con-20025201" ] }

[ "1 Antacids, such as Mylanta and Tums. 2 Antacids neutralize stomach acid and relieve heartburn. 3 If you want to take medicine only when your symptoms bother you, antacids are a good choice. 4 H2 blockers, such as cimetidine (Tagamet) and famotidine (Pepcid). 5 H2 blockers reduce the amount of acid in the stomach. Antacids, H2 blockers, and proton pump inhibitors-either prescription or nonprescription-are usually tried first. Medicines can: 1 Relieve symptoms (heartburn, sour taste, or pain). 2 Allow the esophagus to heal. 3 Prevent complications of GERD." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Clovelly Holiday Cottages Self-catering Holidays in the Clovelly area. B&B holidays in Clovelly and North devon. Clovelly set into a steep hillside, is one of the most famous villages in the world.", "Clovelly Beach is a small and tranquil beach located at the end of a narrow bay. The beach is popular with families and snorkellers. Concrete platforms and promenades have been constructed on both sides of the bay which are popular sun-baking spots.", "Clovelly has a single cobbled high street winds its way down the hillside to the ancient Clovelly harbour, through traditional whitewashed cottages festooned with fuchsias and geraniums-the street dropping 122m (400ft) in 0.8km (half a mile) as it winds its way through Clovelly's 16th century cottages to the harbour.", "Clovelly Beach (NSW 324) is located in the first embayment, a 60 m wide, 350 m deep southeast-facing gap in the rocks. The 60 m long beach is located at the base of the bay and backed by 100 m of bare sand, then a small grassy park and walkway.", "Clovelly (/kləˈvɛli/) is a small village in the Torridge district of Devon, England. It is a major tourist attraction notable for its extremely steep pedestrianized cobbled main street, donkeys and views over the Bristol Channel.", "Clovelly. Set into a steep hillside, Clovelly is one of the best known and most unusual villages in the North Devon. The cobbled high street winds its way down the hillside through traditional 16th century whitewashed cottages decked with fuchsias and geraniums. This street drops 400ft in the half mile down to the small harbour.", "Clovelly used to be a fishing village and in 1901 had a population of 621. It is a cluster of largely wattle and daub cottages on the sides of a rocky cleft; its steep main street descends 400 feet (120 m) to the pier, too steeply to allow wheeled traffic. Sledges are used for the movement of goods." ], "url": [ "http://www.devon-online.com/towns/clovelly/Welcome.asp", "http://www.randwick.nsw.gov.au/facilities-and-recreation/beaches-and-coast/beaches/clovelly-beach", "http://www.devon-online.com/towns/clovelly/Welcome.asp", "http://beachsafe.org.au/beach/nsw324", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clovelly", "http://www.devonguide.com/clovelly", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clovelly" ] }

[ "Clovelly (/kləˈvɛli/) is a small village in the Torridge district of Devon, England. It is a major tourist attraction notable for its extremely steep pedestrianized cobbled main street, donkeys and views over the Bristol Channel." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Baby Names associated with Fire for Girls. These girl names were at the apex of their popularity in 2014 (usage of 0.1498%), except for names like Barbara, Helen, Vesta, Chandler and Ellen which have fallen out of fashion. Edana, Aidana and Aydana are barely found as women's names. Feminine of Aidan, the name of .. [ Aidana, .. 1 more ]. Eilidh 17 .. Source fr. Scottish, Gaelic, Greek elements. Sun ray.. Outside Top 1000. Modern coinage from English Ellie, from .. [ Ailie, ..", "The most fashionable baby names here are Eloise (#300) , Elin (#733) , Thea (#776) , Lana (#351) and Eliana (#117) , and there is also a rebound in birth name popularity for Eliana, Eloise, Lana and Thea. Fire baby names and what they mean, for fire, sun, candle, warm. Edana, Aidana and Aydana are barely found as women's names. Feminine of Aidan, the name of .. [ Aidana, .. 1 more ]. Eilidh 17 .. Source fr. Scottish, Gaelic, Greek elements. Sun ray.. Outside Top 1000. Modern coinage from English Ellie, from .. [ Ailie, ..", "CALIDA – Girls’ name derived from the Spanish for hot. CONLEY – Irish surname particularly suited to translation for girls, meaning “purifying fire.”. FINTAN – Irish name that some say means “white fire” and may be an intriguing way to get to Finn. HESTIA – Greek goddess of the hearth.", "This Site Might Help You. RE: Japanese girl names that mean Fire or Flame? I need a Japanese female or unisex name for a girl in a book I'm writing, does anybody have any ideas? She's kind of tomboyish with an outgoing and funny attitude. ", "Aidan: This is one of the interesting boy names meaning fire. Aidan is a name from the Gaelic origin meaning fire. It was originally a pet name of the Irish name Aodh, the old Celtic god of the sun. St. Aidan was the seventh century Irish saint. People loved him for his generosity and kindness. 2. This is one of the interesting boy names meaning fire. Aidan is a name from the Gaelic origin meaning fire. It was originally a pet name of the Irish name Aodh, the old Celtic god of the sun.", "FINA: Short form of Italian Serafina, meaning burning one or serpent.. Also used as a short form of other names ending with-fina. The masculine form is Fino. GABIJA: Lithuanian name possibly related to proto-Mongolian *gabi-, meaning careful, diligent, skilled.. In mythology, this is the name of a goddess of fire. Best Answer: ADENA: Feminine form of English Aden, meaning fire.. ADENAH: Variant spelling of English Adena, meaning fire.. ADENE: Variant spelling of English Adena, meaning fire.. AZAR: Persian name meaning fire.. CALIDA: English name derived from the Spanish word calida, meaning hot.. CELOSIA: English name derived from the flower name (sometimes called cockcombs or woolflowers), from Greek kelos, meaning burned.", "AGNI – Hindu god of fire, though to English speakers the name may sound more feminine than masculine. AIDAN and AIDEN – Popular modern form of Aodh, meaning fiery, that’s well-used for boys and also a possibility for girls. CONLEY – Irish surname particularly suited to translation for girls, meaning “purifying fire.”. FINTAN – Irish name that some say means “white fire” and may be an intriguing way to get to Finn. HESTIA – Greek goddess of the hearth.", "KEEZHEEKONI: Native American Cheyenne name meaning burning fire.. KENINA: Feminine form of English Kenneth, meaning both comely; finely made and born of fire.. KENNA: Feminine form of English Kenneth, meaning both comely; finely made and born of fire.. Compare with another form of Kenna. Best Answer: ADENA: Feminine form of English Aden, meaning fire.. ADENAH: Variant spelling of English Adena, meaning fire.. ADENE: Variant spelling of English Adena, meaning fire.. AZAR: Persian name meaning fire.. CALIDA: English name derived from the Spanish word calida, meaning hot.. CELOSIA: English name derived from the flower name (sometimes called cockcombs or woolflowers), from Greek kelos, meaning burned." ], "url": [ "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/names/0/fire", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/names/0/fire", "http://nameberry.com/blog/names-on-fire", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20110921201351AA69eEE", "http://www.momjunction.com/articles/baby-names-inspired-by-fire_00355503/", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100414212649AAQyzFm", "http://nameberry.com/blog/names-on-fire", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100414212649AAQyzFm" ] }

[ "Baby Names associated with Fire for Girls. These girl names were at the apex of their popularity in 2014 (usage of 0.1498%), except for names like Barbara, Helen, Vesta, Chandler and Ellen which have fallen out of fashion. Edana, Aidana and Aydana are barely found as women's names. Feminine of Aidan, the name of .. [ Aidana, .. 1 more ]. Eilidh 17 .. Source fr. Scottish, Gaelic, Greek elements. Sun ray.. Outside Top 1000. Modern coinage from English Ellie, from .. [ Ailie, .." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "On average, it takes more than 2 months before a new behavior becomes automatic — 66 days to be exact. And how long it takes a new habit to form can vary widely depending on the behavior, the person, and the circumstances. In Lally’s study, it took anywhere from 18 days to 254 days for people to form a new habit. [1]. Where to Go From Here. At the end of the day, how long it takes to form a particular habit doesn’t really matter that much. Whether it takes 50 days or 500 days, you have to put in the work either way. The only way to get to Day 500 is to start with Day 1.", "On average, it takes more than two months before a new behavior becomes automatic -- 66 days to be exact. And how long it takes a new habit to form can vary widely depending on the behavior, the person, and the circumstances. In Lally's study, it took anywhere from 18 days to 254 days for people to form a new habit. Where to Go From Here. At the end of the day, how long it takes to form a particular habit doesn't really matter that much. Whether it takes 50 days or 500 days, you have to put in the work either way. The only way to get to Day 500 is to start with Day 1. So forget about the number and focus on doing the work", "On average it took 66 days for the participants to start a habit. (That’s March 6 if you are attempting a New Year’s resolution). Another interesting result of the study was the amount of variation. Even though 66 days was average, the number of days for habit formation varied wildly from 18 days to 254 days. So, there really isn’t a magic number, just an average. There was also variation in how strong the habit became, based mostly on the type of habit. I found many claims that it takes 21 days to start a habit, but I couldn’t find any scientific evidence to support the fact. After a while I finally gave up and went with the popular notion that 21 days is the magic number to change anything in your life.", "Just do a Google search for ‘21 days’ and you will find plenty of claims that almost anything can be accomplished in 21 days. So how long does it really take for you or me or anyone to start a new habit? Researchers at University College London, recently conducted an enlightening study on habit formation. I found many claims that it takes 21 days to start a habit, but I couldn’t find any scientific evidence to support the fact. After a while I finally gave up and went with the popular notion that 21 days is the magic number to change anything in your life.", "It depends on how type of person you are; and also depends on that you are human being or animal. Animals take more time then human beings to make anything their habit, and they also take more time to leave that habit. Also, human beings differ from person to person. Answer:21 days is not an accurate answer! ", "Habits: Make It and Break It. No one is entirely sure where the 21-day rule originates, but it seems to have first been set forth in a book called Psycho-Cybernetics.. It's a self-help book first published in the 1970s, and in it, you find out you can create or break a habit in just 21 days. ", "Hi Gretchen, I believe it does take 21 days to change or create a habit although I think the statement should be rephrased to say it takes approximately 21 days of consistent daily behaviour combined with belief, faith, determination and emotional leverage or sincere desire to succeed to form new habits.", "When he became interested in how long it takes for us to form or change a habit, psychologist Jeremy Dean found himself bombarded with the same magic answer from popular psychology websites and advice columns: 21 days. What this research suggests is that 21 days to form a habit is probably right, as long as all you want to do is drink a glass of water after breakfast. Anything harder is likely to take longer to become a really strong habit, and, in the case of some activities, much longer." ], "url": [ "http://jamesclear.com/new-habit", "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/james-clear/forming-new-habits_b_5104807.html", "http://exerciseinc.com/how-long-does-it-take-to-start-a-habit/", "http://exerciseinc.com/how-long-does-it-take-to-start-a-habit/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_does_it_take_for_something_to_become_a_habit", "http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/inside-the-mind/human-brain/form-a-habit1.htm", "https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-happiness-project/200910/stop-expecting-change-your-habit-in-21-days", "https://www.brainpickings.org/2014/01/02/how-long-it-takes-to-form-a-new-habit/" ] }

[ "Hi Gretchen, I believe it does take 21 days to change or create a habit although I think the statement should be rephrased to say it takes approximately 21 days of consistent daily behaviour combined with belief, faith, determination and emotional leverage or sincere desire to succeed to form new habits." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 According to CarsDirect.com, the brake fluid flush costs for the average job are $89 to $130 or more, depending on the type of vehicle and the auto shop where the service is done. 2 Old Mill Toyota, a Toyota dealer that is based in Omaha, Nebraska, offers brake fluid flush and inspection services for $79.95. 1 A brake fluid tester can be used to test the moisture content in the brake fluid. 2 The tester can cost around $20 to $40 or more. 3 If you are going to perform the job yourself, you may need a few specific tools.", "Report Abuse. Changing the system and flushing the system 'bleeding the brakes' is the best thing to do. You can buy a kit from Super Cheap Auto for about $15(au). You need to remove each wheel and untighten the bleeder valve on near the wheel and attach the special hose that comes in the bleeding kit. ", "0. My dealer is recommending a number of service jobs for my Acura with 77,249 miles, including brake fluid flush, for the price of $4,169.00. Is this a fair charge for this job? Sounds like they are trying to convince you to buy a new vehicle from them :). BUT, if you do need new brake pads, flushing the brake fluid would be a good idea, but would not pay more than $90 extra for it. Find a local mom and pop mechanic.", "I have a 2005 Honda Element. The owners manual states the brake fluid should be replaced every 3 years. When I asked the dealer to replace the brake fluid, they said it was going to cost $190. I told them last time they did it, it was only $27. They said it was expensive because they were going to hook it up to a sort of dialysis machine to flush it out. The owners manual doesn't say anything about this. When you replace brake fluid you are flushing the system. The way you do it, all old break fluid will be removed and new fluid in its place. You should do this as your owner's manual prescribes. I believe normal intervals are either two or three years as your manual says.", "It's not necessary to have your power steering fluid flushed. If the fluid level is dropping, you have a leak you need to address. Other than than, old fluid is fine. Brake lines only need to be bled if the fluid has absorbed a lot of moisture, and/or if there is air in the lines. The power steering fluid also attracts moisture but it isn't likely to cause system failure the way the brake fluid does. The cost is based on time expended. Flushing the system requires bleeding fluid from all four wheels until the fluid runs clean and that takes time.", "A good rule of thumb is to have your brakes flushed about every 30,000 miles (48,280 kilometers) or so. Note that brake flushing and bleeding the brakes are two different procedures. Brake flushing involves removing all the brake fluid from the system and getting all-new, clean fluid inside. Brake bleeding just means removing enough brake fluid to get air bubbles out of the brake lines. So, make sure you get your brakes flushed regularly. ", "The brake fluid flush cost for an average job ranges somewhere between about $89 to more than $130, depending on the type of car and where you take it to get it done. A brake flush procedure is pretty much what it sounds like. Your brake lines are flushed out and new brake fluid is put in. Most mechanics suggest that car and truck owners do a brake fluid flush about every 30,000 miles. It is important to do this so that the brake lines stay clean and help to prevent corrosion and rust that can ruin the brake lines and therefore, cause you to have an accident.", "1 Midas of Madison in Madison, Wisconsin, provides brake fluid flush services for $89.99. 2 The price includes removing dirty brake fluid, replacing bleeders (if needed), adding new brake fluid, bleeding air out of the brake system, and a road test once the job is completed. 1 A brake fluid tester can be used to test the moisture content in the brake fluid. 2 The tester can cost around $20 to $40 or more. 3 If you are going to perform the job yourself, you may need a few specific tools.", "1 The price includes removing dirty brake fluid, replacing bleeders (if needed), adding new brake fluid, bleeding air out of the brake system, and a road test once the job is completed. 2 On average, plan on budgeting anywhere from $70 to as much as $160 for the complete job. 1 A brake fluid tester can be used to test the moisture content in the brake fluid. 2 The tester can cost around $20 to $40 or more. 3 If you are going to perform the job yourself, you may need a few specific tools." ], "url": [ "http://www.howmuchisit.org/brake-fluid-flush-cost/", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080514183837AAXGq94", "http://www.trustmymechanic.com/brake-fluid-flush-cost/", "http://mechanics.stackexchange.com/questions/8687/is-it-necessary-to-flush-brake-fluid", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100609060342AA54D1w", "http://auto.howstuffworks.com/auto-parts/brakes/brake-tests/is-brake-flushing-necessary.htm", "http://www.carsdirect.com/car-repair/what-is-the-average-cost-of-a-brake-fluid-flush-service", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/brake-fluid-flush-cost/", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/brake-fluid-flush-cost/" ] }

[ "The brake fluid flush cost for an average job ranges somewhere between about $89 to more than $130, depending on the type of car and where you take it to get it done. A brake flush procedure is pretty much what it sounds like. Your brake lines are flushed out and new brake fluid is put in. Most mechanics suggest that car and truck owners do a brake fluid flush about every 30,000 miles. It is important to do this so that the brake lines stay clean and help to prevent corrosion and rust that can ruin the brake lines and therefore, cause you to have an accident." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition characterized by stiffness and pain in your shoulder joint. Signs and symptoms typically begin gradually, worsen over time and then resolve, usually within one to three years. ", "The deltoid is attached by tendons to the skeleton at the clavicle (collarbone), scapula (shoulder blade), and humerus (upper arm bone). The deltoid is widest at the top of the shoulder and narrows to its apex as it travels down the arm. Contraction of the deltoid muscle results in a wide range of movement of the arm at the shoulder due to its location and the wide separation of its muscle fibers.... The deltoid muscle is a rounded, triangular muscle located on the uppermost part of the arm and the top of the shoulder.", "Shoulder Muscles and Shoulder Tendons. Muscles in the back, neck, shoulder, chest and upper arm all work together to support and move the shoulder. One of the most important is the deltoid. Tendons are elastic, soft, connective tissue structures that attach muscles to bone. Muscles move the bones by pulling on the tendons. The shoulder is not a single joint, but a complex arrangement of bones, ligaments, muscles, and tendons that is better called the shoulder girdle. The primary function of the shoulder girdle is to give strength and range of motion to the arm. The shoulder girdle includes three bones—the scapula, clavicle and humerus.", "The shoulder girdle or pectoral girdle is the set of bones which connects the upper limb to the axial skeleton on each side. In humans it consists of the clavicle and scapula; in those species with three bones in the shoulder, it consists of the clavicle, scapula, and coracoid. The shoulder girdle consists of five muscles that attach to the clavicle and scapula and allow for the motion of the sternoclavicular joint (connection between sternum and clavicle) and acromioclavicular joint (connection between clavicle and scapula).", "SHARE SHARE TWEET EMAIL. The deltoid is the large muscle that covers your shoulder joint. The muscle consists of three fiber groups: the anterior, lateral and posterior deltoids. The anterior deltoid, also known as the front delt, connects the collarbone to the humerus, the large bone of the upper arm. Along with other muscles of the shoulder, the anterior deltoid stabilizes the shoulder joint and aids in specific forward and rotational movements of the arm", "A sudden pain in the muscle at the front of the shoulder is common. Pain is reproduced when lifting the arm from your side to the front keeping it straight against resistance. Or when you lift your arm from your side up sideways against resistance if the strain is in the mid portion or top of the muscle. ", "This muscle is large, heavy and strong. Most of your chest is formed and shaped by the pectoralis major muscle. There are two such muscles, on either side of the chest. It begins at the clavicle, sternum and ribs and stretches to the upper arm bone that connects the elbow to the shoulder, which is also known as humerus. The pectoralis major muscles help you to move your shoulders, shoulder joints, to move or raise your arm and all motions of the upper arm. These muscles also facilitate breathing. The pectoralis major muscles are among the strongest in the human body.", "The biceps brachii muscle splits into two tendons at the shoulder: the long head and the short head. The long head of the biceps muscle assists other muscles with shoulder flexion. It is located in the front of the upper arm and attaches to the glenoid fossa, or socket part of the shoulder joint. The long head of the biceps muscle is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve. The deltoid muscle is composed of three parts: anterior, middle and posterior. The anterior deltoid muscle is located on top of the shoulder and originates on the collarbone. The anterior deltoid tendon attaches to the front of the humerus producing", "Shoulder Abduction. Shoulder abduction describes raising the upper arm outward from the side of the body, such as when you put your arms out to form a T-shape. This movement is accomplished through the action of your anterior and lateral deltoids along with the pectoralis major and supraspinatus muscles. The muscle consists of three fiber groups: the anterior, lateral and posterior deltoids. The anterior deltoid, also known as the front delt, connects the collarbone to the humerus, the large bone of the upper arm." ], "url": [ "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/frozen-shoulder/basics/definition/CON-20022510", "http://www.innerbody.com/image_musfov/musc12-new.html", "http://www.healthpages.org/anatomy-function/shoulder-structure-function-and-problems/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pectoral_girdle", "http://healthyliving.azcentral.com/anterior-deltoid-do-4469.html", "http://www.sportsinjuryclinic.net/sport-injuries/shoulder-pain/deltoid-muscle-strain", "http://www.endoszkop.com/knowing-the-roles-of-muscles-of-the-chest/muscles-of-the-chest-shoulder-and-upper-limb-quizlet/", "http://healthyliving.azcentral.com/muscles-produce-shoulder-flexion-4708.html", "http://healthyliving.azcentral.com/anterior-deltoid-do-4469.html" ] }

[ "The deltoid is attached by tendons to the skeleton at the clavicle (collarbone), scapula (shoulder blade), and humerus (upper arm bone). The deltoid is widest at the top of the shoulder and narrows to its apex as it travels down the arm. Contraction of the deltoid muscle results in a wide range of movement of the arm at the shoulder due to its location and the wide separation of its muscle fibers.... The deltoid muscle is a rounded, triangular muscle located on the uppermost part of the arm and the top of the shoulder." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Relevance. Rating Newest Oldest. Best Answer: Well after that 1 you got main assets 19 (yes it goes from 1 to 19) and 19 is about 177mb so not too bad and then you got english assets 1 and thats bout 5gb lol and thats the one I am on right now. BTW you are LUCKY to be running at 500kb/s so no complaining I got 125kb/s and used to have 50kb/s. Got SWTOR today, the pre-release version and pre-release play. Been downloading for a good 5 hours now. DL at an average of 500 kb/s but its on Main assets 1, how many are their?", "“When you run the repair option it will appear that it is going to download the full 12gb assets. This is not the case. The repair function will scan through all of the asset files and will repair any file that has been corrupted. If after running the repair it gives an error saying it needs to repair again it just means you need to run it again as it missed a file that was causing a problem. “Some of you have said that this works, so I’d ask for the rest of you to try it as well and let us know how it goes.”. Posted by Lisa Mason on Jan 25, 2012 in swtor bug, swtor launcher bug | 0 comments. An irritating launcher issue is affecting some SWTOR players and they are unable to play the game at all.", "Ok so there's Main Assets 1 Main Assets 19 English Assets 1 English Assets 19 Game Client 1 Game Client 17 and done. None are as big as Main assets 1 (11mb). The second largest is English assets 1 (5mb). The rest are pretty fast, I didn't even get to notice the size before they finished. Got SWTOR today, the pre-release version and pre-release play. Been downloading for a good 5 hours now. DL at an average of 500 kb/s but its on Main assets 1, how many are their?", "You are about to leave this website... This page is not meant to keep you from following the link you've clicked on. It is just a warning that you are about to leave this website. To go to this page, click the link below. If you do not wish to follow this link, simply. close this message. ", "Quote. Main Assets 1 is certainly not the first download, as I've already made it through English Video 1, 2, 3 but I also do not know if it's the last either. At 1:43 a.m. last night Main assets 1 started downloading 11.86 GB, it is now 7:16 a. m. and it has 8.96 GB remaining at 129.29 KB/s... This is truly painful, but... as I was sleeping I have absolutely no clue whether it restarted the package at any point, though I assume it has not. 12.26.2011, 03:43 PM | #5. Quote. the 11 GB download is the first one, couldn't remember if it was called Main Assets 1 or English Assets 1 so no it's not the last download it's the first download.", "Please try again later. If the SWTOR launcher takes a really long time to load for you. Go into internet explorer and under tools, than internet options, under the connections tab, and finally click LAN settings. Uncheck all of the boxes in this window. 1 Gaming. 2 Standard YouTube License. ", "Force a repair of Star Wars: The Old Republic. up vote 1 down vote favorite. I successfully downloaded/installed Star Wars: The Old Republic (SW-TOR) and ran it. But, I uninstalled it to try to fix something else. To answer your question you could ask a friend for all the stuff in the root directory if you have somebody that is in a position to do so. I wouldn't trust a stranger off the internet for these sorts of executables though, of course. :) – Chris Jul 16 '12 at 15:50.", "Installing Game Client 0% - Delete the file “retailclient_betatest.version”. Installing Main Assets 0% - Delete the file assets_swtor_main.version. Installing English Assets 0% - Delete the file assets_swtor_en_us.version. Installing French Assets 0% - Delete the file assets_swtor_fr_fr.version. Installing German Assets 0% - Delete the file assets_swtor_de_de.version. Installing English Video 0% - Delete the file movies_en_us.version. " ], "url": [ "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20111218213535AAL1pGv", "http://www.swtorstrategies.com/2012/01/is-the-swtor-launcher-issue-keeping-you-from-playing.html", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20111218213535AAL1pGv", "http://www.swtor.com/community/showthread.php?p=5637357", "http://www.swtor.com/community/showthread.php?t=88142", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o7dW6TAXsFo", "http://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/76708/force-a-repair-of-star-wars-the-old-republic", "http://www.mmofringe.com/forum/17-Star-Wars-The-Old-Republic/20289-SWTOR-Launcher-Troubleshooting-Guide" ] }

[ "Relevance. Rating Newest Oldest. Best Answer: Well after that 1 you got main assets 19 (yes it goes from 1 to 19) and 19 is about 177mb so not too bad and then you got english assets 1 and thats bout 5gb lol and thats the one I am on right now. BTW you are LUCKY to be running at 500kb/s so no complaining I got 125kb/s and used to have 50kb/s. Got SWTOR today, the pre-release version and pre-release play. Been downloading for a good 5 hours now. DL at an average of 500 kb/s but its on Main assets 1, how many are their?" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The company offers its products through dealers, distributors, and parts depots worldwide. Carrier Corporation was formerly known as Carrier Engineering Corporation and changed its name to Carrier Corporation in 1930. The company was founded in 1915 and is based in Farmington, Connecticut. It has research and design centers in North America, Europe, and Asia. ", "In November 2008, UTC's Carrier Corporation acquired NORESCO, which is one of the nation's largest energy service companies. In December 2009, it was announced that UTC would acquire a 49.5% stake in Clipper Windpower for $206 million. In 1974, Harry Gray left Litton Industries to become the CEO of United Aircraft. He pursued a strategy of growth and diversification, changing the parent corporation's name to United Technologies Corporation (UTC) in 1975 to reflect the intent to diversify into numerous high tech fields beyond aerospace.", "Carrier experts provide sustainable solutions, integrating energy-efficient products, building controls and energy services for residential, commercial, retail, transport and food service customers. News. Carrier Transicold UK's network service partners in the UK and Ireland have averaged scores of 91 per cent in the 2015 Carrier Safe awards, with two firms-Hull-based Carrier Transicold East & North Yorkshire and Ipswich-based...", "Carrier Corporation was acquired by United Technologies Corporation (UTC) in July 1979. Prior to the acquisition by UTC, Carrier Corporation was known as the Carrier Air Conditioning Company. International Comfort Products (ICP), headquartered in Lewisburg, Tennessee, was acquired by Carrier in 1999. The corporation bearing his name succeeded in marketing its air conditioner to the residential market in the 1950s, which led to formerly sparsely populated areas such as the American Southwest becoming home to sprawling suburbs. Carrier is the largest air conditioning producer in the world.", "Willis Carrier is credited with inventing modern air conditioning in 1902. In 1915 Carrier, along with six other engineers, pooled together $32,600 to form the Carrier Engineering Corporation. In 1920 they purchased their first plant in Newark, New Jersey. The corporation bearing his name succeeded in marketing its air conditioner to the residential market in the 1950s, which led to formerly sparsely populated areas such as the American Southwest becoming home to sprawling suburbs. Carrier is the largest air conditioning producer in the world.", "Founded by the inventor of modern air conditioning, Carrier is the world’s leader in high-technology heating, air-conditioning and refrigeration solutions. News. Carrier Transicold UK's network service partners in the UK and Ireland have averaged scores of 91 per cent in the 2015 Carrier Safe awards, with two firms-Hull-based Carrier Transicold East & North Yorkshire and Ipswich-based...", "Crane Carrier Company (CRANE) is an operating company of Hines Corporation with it s company headquarters, manufacturing operations and primary parts distribution center based in Tulsa, Oklahoma. One of CRANES most important resources is professionalism-represented by people exercising innovation and pride in the products they build. It is the people of Crane Carrier Company whose support has essentially contributed to the success and satisfaction of our many customers.", "About Carrier Corporation. Carrier shouldered the load of keeping things hot and cold. The company was the world's largest maker of heating, air-conditioning, and refrigeration systems for residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation needs. Through Carrier Transicold, it made truck/trailer and container refrigeration equipment and provides transport air-conditioning – more... Carrier also provided aftermarket services and components for its products. The company was a subsidiary of diversified manufacturer United Technologies Corporation (UTC); it accounted for about 20% of UTC's sales.", "Carrier distributors nationwide have identified the recipients of their annual college scholarship, and awarded grants this year totaling nearly $40,000. Carrier, the world’s leader in high-technology heating, air-conditioning and refrigeration... News. Carrier Transicold UK's network service partners in the UK and Ireland have averaged scores of 91 per cent in the 2015 Carrier Safe awards, with two firms-Hull-based Carrier Transicold East & North Yorkshire and Ipswich-based..." ], "url": [ "http://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=620281", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Technologies_Corporation", "https://www.linkedin.com/company/carrier-corporation", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrier_Corporation", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrier_Corporation", "https://www.linkedin.com/company/carrier-corporation", "http://cranecarrier.com/Company/profile.htm", "http://www.indeed.com/cmp/Carrier-Corporation", "https://www.linkedin.com/company/carrier-corporation" ] }

[ "The company offers its products through dealers, distributors, and parts depots worldwide. Carrier Corporation was formerly known as Carrier Engineering Corporation and changed its name to Carrier Corporation in 1930. The company was founded in 1915 and is based in Farmington, Connecticut. It has research and design centers in North America, Europe, and Asia. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Several types of bronze are used, commonly B20 bronze, which is roughly 20% tin, 80% copper, with traces of silver, or the tougher B8 bronze which is made from 8% tin and 92% copper. As the tin content in a bell or cymbal rises, the timbre drops.", "bronze came from south and east asia. ", "Gold medals can be won or lost within fractions of seconds; Bradley Wiggins' bike frame is made of 'nanoalloy carbon', Andy Murray uses a graphite tennis racket and Jessica Ennis' running spikes use the latest carbon and nano-ceramics technologies.", "Bronze is a copper and tin alloy, but the term is also used for a variety of copper alloys, some of which do not contain tin at all. The use of bronze has been reported since the earliest Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilisations in the manufacture of tools and weapons.", "Copper is found in many parts of the world. It usually comes from copper ore, but small amounts are occasionally found (native copper) in distorted cubic crystal chunks. Keweenaw Peninsula near Lake Superior in Michigan is one of the most likely places to find native copper!!", "The USA is the second largest producer of copper in the world. The largest copper mine is found in Utah (Bingham Canyon). Other major mines are found in Arizona, Michigan, New Mexico and Montana. In South America, Chile, the world's largest producer, and Peru are both major producers of copper.", "The first bronze artifacts were alloys of copper and arsenic. Arsenic is a naturally occurring contaminant in copper desposits and, in sufficient concentrations (10% to 15% of the copper), produces a high-quality bronze.", "Most pure metals, like aluminium, silver and copper, come from the Earth s crust. They are found in ores solid materials called minerals, usually occurring in rock, from which the pure metal has to be extracted. The properties of pure metals can be improved by mixing them with other metals to make alloys.", "Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of copper, commonly with about 12% tin and often with the addition of other metals (such as aluminium, manganese, nickel or zinc) and sometimes non-metals or metalloids such as arsenic, phosphorus or silicon.", "non-ferrous metals, which don t have iron in them (for example copper, aluminium, tin and lead). People first began making things from metal over 6000 years ago, when they discovered how to get copper from its ore. They then learned how to make a harder alloy, bronze, by adding tin to the copper." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Where_did_bronze_come_from_in_early_China", "http://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/highlights/2012/goldSilverBronze.html", "http://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/highlights/2012/goldSilverBronze.html", "http://www.copper.org/education/Kids/copperandkids_wheredoescopper.html", "http://www.copper.org/education/Kids/copperandkids_wheredoescopper.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Where_does_bronze_come_from", "http://www.sda-uk.org/materials/popups/metals/where_do_metals_come_from.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze", "http://www.sda-uk.org/materials/popups/metals/where_do_metals_come_from.htm" ] }

[ "bronze came from south and east asia. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "By Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D. Chemical Energy Definition: Chemical energy is the energy contained in the internal structure of an atom or molecule. This energy could be in the electronic structure of a single atom or in the bonds between atoms in a molecule. Chemical energy is converted into other forms of energy by chemical reactions.", "power that may be translated into motion, overcoming resistance or causing a physical change; the ability to do work. Energy assumes several forms; it may be thermal (in the form of heat), electrical, mechanical, chemical, radiant, or kinetic.", "Energy assumes several forms; it may be thermal (in the form of heat), electrical, mechanical, chemical, radiant or kinetic. In doing work, the energy is changed from one form to another or to several forms.", "Facts About Chemical Energy. 1 In the strictest definition, chemical energy is the energy involved in the bond formed between two atoms. 2 Each bond within a chemical compounds involves different amounts of energy. 3 When one of these bonds breaks, a chemical reaction occurs and chemical energy is used.", "1 In the strictest definition, chemical energy is the energy involved in the bond formed between two atoms. 2 Each bond within a chemical compounds involves different amounts of energy. 3 When one of these bonds breaks, a chemical reaction occurs and chemical energy is used.", "1. chemical energy-that part of the energy in a substance that can be released by a chemical reaction. energy, free energy - (physics) a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the capacity of a physical system to do work; the units of energy are joules or ergs; energy can take a wide variety of forms. 1 Facebook.", "This type of chemical energy is generally not renewable.Other types of chemical energy are renewable including such things as the heat put out by our own bodies. The definition of chemical energy is energy released in a chemical reaction or absorbed in the creation of a chemical compound." ], "url": [ "http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryglossary/g/Chemical-Energy-Definition.htm", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Energy+(chemistry)", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Energy+(chemistry)", "http://www.yourdictionary.com/chemical-energy", "http://www.yourdictionary.com/chemical-energy", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/chemical+energy", "http://www.yourdictionary.com/chemical-energy" ] }

[ "By Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D. Chemical Energy Definition: Chemical energy is the energy contained in the internal structure of an atom or molecule. This energy could be in the electronic structure of a single atom or in the bonds between atoms in a molecule. Chemical energy is converted into other forms of energy by chemical reactions." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "$200 Million. Donny Deutsch net worth: Donny Deutsch is an American advertising executive and television personality who has a net worth of $200 million dollars. Donald Jay Deutsch was born in Hollis Hills, New York in November 1957. His father founded David Deutsch Associates in 1969.", "He is an actor and producer, known for The Big Idea with Donny Deutsch (2004), Today (1952) and Night of Too Many Stars: America Comes Together for Autism Programs (2012). He has been married to Stacy Josloff since 2001. See full bio ».", "Mini Bio (1). Donny Deutsch was born on November 22, 1957 in Queens, New York City, New York, USA as Donald Jay Deutsch. He is an actor and producer, known for The Big Idea with Donny Deutsch (2004), Today (1952) and Night of Too Many Stars: America Comes Together for Autism Programs (2012).", "Donny Deutsch is an advertising executive and former television host with a net worth of $200 million. Donny Deutsch earned his net worth ... [read more].", "Donny Deutsch earned his net worth through his hosting of CNBC's The Big Idea With Donny Deutsch and as chairman of Deutsch Inc. as well as co-author of Often Wrong-Never in Doubt..", "Donny Deutsch net worth: Donny Deutsch is an American advertising executive and television personality who has a net worth of $200 million dollars. Donald Jay Deutsch was born in Hollis Hills, New York in November 1957. His father founded David Deutsch Associates in 1969." ], "url": [ "http://www.celebritynetworth.com/richest-businessmen/donny-deutsch-net-worth/", "http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1832900/", "http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1832900/bio", "http://www.richestnetworth.com/donny-deutsch-net-worth/", "http://www.richestnetworth.com/donny-deutsch-net-worth/", "http://www.celebritynetworth.com/richest-businessmen/donny-deutsch-net-worth/" ] }

[ "Donny Deutsch is an advertising executive and former television host with a net worth of $200 million. Donny Deutsch earned his net worth ... [read more]." ]