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উইকিলিকস কত সালে সর্বপ্রথম ইন্টারনেটে প্রথম তথ্য প্রদর্শন করে ?
[ "2006" ]
[ { "docid": "17536862", "text": "WikiLeaks () is an international non-profit organisation that publishes secret information, news leaks, and classified media provided by anonymous sources. Its website, initiated in 2006 in Iceland by the organisation Sunshine Press, claims a database of 10 million documents in 10 years since its launch. Julian Assange, an Australian Internet activist, is generally described as its founder and director. Kristinn Hrafnsson is its editor-in-chief. The group has released a number of prominent document dumps. Early releases included documentation of equipment expenditures and holdings in the Afghanistan war and a report informing a corruption investigation in Kenya. In April 2010, WikiLeaks", "title": "WikiLeaks" }, { "docid": "3333439", "text": "\"was set up in late 2006 as a disclosure portal, initially using the Wikipedia model, where volunteers would write up restricted or legally threatened material submitted by whistleblowers. It was Julian Assange—an Australian Internet activist and journalist, and the \"\"de facto\"\" editor-in-chief of WikiLeaks—who had the idea of creating what Ben Laurie called an \"\"open-source, democratic intelligence agency\"\". The open-editing aspect was soon abandoned, but the site remained open for anonymous submissions. According to Daniel Domscheit-Berg, a former WikiLeaks spokesperson, part of the WikiLeaks security concept was that they did not know who their sources were. \"\"The New York Times\"\"\"", "title": "Chelsea Manning" }, { "docid": "9883236", "text": "WikiLeaks published an updated list, dated 18 March 2009; it more closely matches the claimed size of the ACMA blacklist, and contains two pages that have been independently confirmed as blacklisted by ACMA. WikiLeaks also contains details of Internet censorship in Thailand, including lists of censored sites dating back to May 2006. Wikileaks published a list of web sites blacklisted by Denmark. Since May 2009, WikiLeaks has made available reports of several meetings of the Bilderberg Group. It includes the group's history and meeting reports from the years 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1960, 1962, 1963 and 1980. On 28 January", "title": "List of material published by WikiLeaks" }, { "docid": "17536866", "text": "\"Panama Papers' exposé of businesses and individuals with offshore bank accounts. WikiLeaks has also been criticised for inadequately curating its content and violating the personal privacy of individuals. WikiLeaks has, for instance, revealed Social Security numbers, medical information, credit card numbers and details of suicide attempts. The wikileaks.org domain name was registered on 4 October 2006. The website was established and published its first document in December 2006. WikiLeaks is usually represented in public by Julian Assange, who has been described as \"\"the heart and soul of this organisation, its founder, philosopher, spokesperson, original coder, organiser, financier, and all the\"", "title": "WikiLeaks" }, { "docid": "9883221", "text": "\"Since 2006, the document archive website WikiLeaks has published anonymous submissions of documents that are generally unavailable to the general public. WikiLeaks posted its first document in December 2006, a decision to assassinate government officials, signed by Sheikh Hassan Dahir Aweys. \"\"The New Yorker\"\" has reported that On 31 August 2007, \"\"The Guardian\"\" featured on its front page a story about corruption by the family of the former Kenyan leader Daniel arap Moi. The newspaper stated that the source of the information was WikiLeaks. In February 2008, the wikileaks.org domain name was taken offline after the Swiss Bank Julius Baer\"", "title": "List of material published by WikiLeaks" }, { "docid": "8756854", "text": "\"story. WikiLeaks described him as a serial fabricator whom The Guardian had permitted to totally destroy the paper’s reputation. Glenn Greenwald said that if Manafort had entered the Ecuadorian consulate there would be “mountains of evidence” from the surrounding cameras. Assange is an advocate of information transparency and market libertarianism. He has written a few short pieces, including \"\"State and terrorist conspiracies\"\" (2006), \"\"Conspiracy as governance\"\" (2006), \"\"The hidden curse of Thomas Paine\"\" (2008), \"\"What's new about WikiLeaks?\"\" (2011), and the foreword to \"\"Cypherpunks\"\" (2012). He also contributed research to Suelette Dreyfus's \"\"Underground\"\" (1997), and received a co-writer credit for\"", "title": "Julian Assange" }, { "docid": "13400644", "text": "\"Tao was sentenced to 10 years imprisonment, in 2005 after publicising an email from Chinese officials about the anniversary of the Tiananmen Square massacre. An article in \"\"The New Yorker\"\" said: Assange responded to the suggestion that eavesdropping on Chinese hackers played a crucial part in the early days of WikiLeaks by saying \"\"the imputation is incorrect. The facts concern a 2006 investigation into Chinese espionage one of our contacts was involved in. Somewhere between none and handful of those documents were ever released on WikiLeaks. Non-government targets of the Chinese espionage, such as Tibetan associations were informed (by us)\"\".\"", "title": "Reception of WikiLeaks" }, { "docid": "5680981", "text": "\"offers personal lines of credit, installment loans, real-time transfers between accounts, and the ability to display checking, savings and loan information on a single screen. The bank has a strong reputation for outstanding personal service via telephone. This attracts many new customers. First IB is a privately capitalized institution with over 300 private and corporate investors. On March 21, 2006, the bank consummated a \"\"Plan of Exchange\"\" by which the bank became a wholly owned subsidiary of First Internet Bancorp, a single-bank holding company. First Internet Bank will charge a checking account customers a flat-fee of $30 for each occurrence\"", "title": "First Internet Bancorp" }, { "docid": "8387435", "text": "\"disruption in society.\"\" The January/February 2006 issue of \"\"Maximum PC\"\" reported that Wales refused to comply with a request from the People's Republic of China to censor \"\"politically sensitive\"\" Wikipedia articles—other corporate Internet companies, such as Google, Yahoo! and Microsoft, had already yielded to Chinese government pressure. Wales stated that he would rather see companies such as Google adhere to Wikipedia's policy of freedom of information. In 2010, Wales criticized whistle-blower website WikiLeaks and its editor-in-chief Julian Assange, saying that their publication of Afghan war documents \"\"could be enough to get someone killed\"\"; furthermore, he expressed irritation at their use\"", "title": "Jimmy Wales" }, { "docid": "8756799", "text": "\"facilitator of totalitarianism we have ever seen\"\". After his period of study at the University of Melbourne, Assange and others established WikiLeaks in 2006. Assange is a member of the organisation's advisory board and describes himself as the editor-in-chief. From 2007 to 2010, Assange travelled continuously on WikiLeaks business, visiting Africa, Asia, Europe and North America. WikiLeaks published secret information, news leaks, and classified media from anonymous sources. By 2015, WikiLeaks had published more than 10 million documents and associated analyses, and was described by Assange as \"\"a giant library of the world's most persecuted documents\"\". The published material between\"", "title": "Julian Assange" }, { "docid": "8507843", "text": "\"this report, combined with Githongo's testimony, is that Ringera is part of those within the Kenyan political elite seeking to suppress information and those with information that could assist in punishing and minimizing corruption in Kenya.\"\" Wikileaks He took up a post at an Oxford college (Senior Associate Member of St Antony's College). It has also been recently revealed that he taken up an additional position as a Visiting Fellow of the Ottawa-based International Development Research Centre. In an interview with Fergal Keane for the BBC's Newsnight programme on 8 February 2006, Githongo revealed what he claims is taped evidence\"", "title": "John Githongo" }, { "docid": "4003241", "text": "\"be downloaded or installed. On August 26, 2008, Microsoft released a new WGA activation program that displays a plain black desktop background for computers failing validation. The background can be changed, but reverts after 1 hour. Common criticisms of WGA have included its description as a \"\"Critical Security Update\"\", causing Automatic Updates to download it without user intervention on default settings, its behavior compared to spyware of \"\"phoning home\"\" to Microsoft every time the computer is connected to the Internet, the failure to inform end users what exactly WGA would do once installed (rectified by a 2006 update), the failure\"", "title": "Criticism of Windows XP" }, { "docid": "17401253", "text": "We Steal Secrets: The Story of WikiLeaks is a 2013 American independent documentary film about the organization started by Julian Assange, and people involved in the collection and distribution of secret information and media by whistleblowers. It covers a period of several decades, and includes considerable background material. The 1989 WANK worm attack on NASA computers, originally thought to threaten the Galileo spacecraft, is depicted as the work of Australian hackers, including Assange. The founding of Wikileaks in 2006 is followed by coverage of several key events: its 2009–2010 leaks about the Icelandic financial collapse, Swiss banking tax evasion, Kenyan", "title": "We Steal Secrets: The Story of WikiLeaks" }, { "docid": "12209920", "text": "OurPrisoner was a 2006 Internet reality television show that featured 35-year-old man Kieran Vogel, who lived on camera for 24 hours a day, seven days a week, for an entirety of six months in a single family New Jersey home. The show began on June 14, 2006. All of Kieran's actions were to be controlled by the public. Through a series of votes, viewers were to choose what he ate, what he wore, what he did, and whom he saw. The OurPrisoner show came to an end on 15 December 2006 and Mr. Kieran Vogel received 40,000 shares of big", "title": "OurPrisoner" }, { "docid": "7866205", "text": "“Internet use may actually reduce interpersonal interaction and communication”. He also claims, that “Internet users do not become more sociable; rather, they already display a higher degree of social connectivity and participation”. Hampton, Wellman (1999) claims, that “increased connectivity and involvement not only can expose people to more contact and more information, it can reduce commitment to community”, because “immersiveness can turn people away from community”. Some researchers claim, that social capital can be increased by Internet usage. For example, Ellison, Heino, & Gibbs (2006) claim that “Internet facilitates new connections, in that it provides people with an alternative way", "title": "Internet influences on communities" }, { "docid": "2313895", "text": "The main attraction of the show was a display from the Red Arrows who were celebrating their 50th Display year - Biggin Hill was notable for being the site of the first public display for the aerobatic display team in the UK back in 1965. A second Festival of Flight took place in June 2015, with a third in June 2016. Airfair Radio was a Restricted Service Broadcaster radio station which covered the Air Fair from 1989 until 2006. It broadcast locally for between three and seven days each year on the FM band and worldwide via the internet. Airfair", "title": "Biggin Hill International Air Fair" }, { "docid": "8389871", "text": "\"Jingjing and Chacha (警警 and 察察, a pun on the Chinese word for police, ) are the cartoon mascots of the Internet Surveillance Division of the Public Security Bureau in Shenzhen, People's Republic of China. Debuting on January 22, 2006, they are used to, amongst other things, inform Chinese Internet users what is and is not legal to consult or write on the Chinese Internet. According to the director of the Shenzhen Internet police, \"\"\"\"[we published] the image of Internet Police in the form of a cartoon [...] to let all internet users know that the Internet is not a\"", "title": "Jingjing and Chacha" } ]
[ { "docid": "17536969", "text": "\"The organisation won a number of awards in its early years, including \"\"The Economist's\"\" New Media Award in 2008 at the Index on Censorship Awards and Amnesty International's UK Media Award in 2009. In 2010, the New York \"\"Daily News\"\" listed WikiLeaks first among websites \"\"that could totally change the news,\"\" and Julian Assange received the Sam Adams Award and was named the Readers' Choice for \"\"TIME's Person of the Year\"\" in 2010. The UK Information Commissioner has stated that \"\"WikiLeaks is part of the phenomenon of the online, empowered citizen.\"\" During its first days, an Internet petition in support\"", "title": "WikiLeaks" }, { "docid": "13400617", "text": "its first days, an Internet petition calling for the cessation of extrajudicial intimidation of WikiLeaks attracted over six hundred thousand signatures. Supporters of WikiLeaks in the media and academia have commended it for exposing state and corporate secrets, increasing transparency, supporting freedom of the press, and enhancing democratic discourse while challenging powerful institutions. At the same time, several U.S. government officials have criticized WikiLeaks for exposing classified information and claimed that the leaks harm national security and compromise international diplomacy. From the perspective of the U.S. security establishment, the issue of concern is not only the publication of sensitive information", "title": "Reception of WikiLeaks" }, { "docid": "17536951", "text": "the information that news outlets reported on was less than half of the data that was made available to WikiLeaks in the summer of 2016. In October 2017, it was revealed that Cambridge Analytica, a company working on behalf of the Trump presidential campaign, had contacted WikiLeaks about missing Hillary Clinton e-mails and the possibility of creating a searchable database for the campaign to use. After this was reported, Assange confirmed that WikiLeaks had been approached by Cambridge Analytica but had rejected the approach. WikiLeaks did not disclose what the subject of Cambridge Analytica's approach was. WikiLeaks has been accused", "title": "WikiLeaks" }, { "docid": "13400623", "text": "\"Ecuador made what was, apparently, an unsolicited public offer to Julian Assange to establish residency in Ecuador. Deputy Foreign Minister Kinto Lucas stated \"\"we are going to invite him to come to Ecuador so he can freely present the information he possesses and all the documentation, not just on the Internet, but in various public forums.\"\" Lucas went on to state his praise for WikiLeaks and Assange calling them \"\"[people] who are constantly investigating and trying to get light out of the dark corners of [state] information.\"\" The following day, however, president Rafael Correa distanced his administration from the offer\"", "title": "Reception of WikiLeaks" }, { "docid": "17536877", "text": "\"company after distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks against WikiLeaks hurt the quality of service for its other customers. Supporters of WikiLeaks waged verbal and DDoS attacks on EveryDNS. Because of a typographical error in blogs mistaking EveryDNS for competitor \"\"EasyDNS\"\", the sizeable Internet backlash hit EasyDNS. Despite that, EasyDNS (upon request of a customer who was setting up new WikiLeaks hosting) began providing WikiLeaks with DNS service on \"\"two 'battle hardened' servers\"\" to protect the quality of service for its other customers. WikiLeaks restructured its process for contributions after its first document leaks did not gain much attention. Assange stated this\"", "title": "WikiLeaks" }, { "docid": "12845648", "text": "\"Chinese dictators\"\" by \"\"abusing his position as Homeland Security Chairman to thuggishly dictate to private companies which websites they should and should not host--and, more important, what you can and cannot read on the Internet.\"\" Lieberman has also suggested that \"\"the \"\"New York Times\"\" and other news organisations publishing the US embassy cables being released by WikiLeaks could be investigated for breaking US espionage laws.\"\" Along with Senators John Ensign and Scott Brown, Lieberman \"\"introduced a bill to amend the Espionage Act in order to facilitate the prosecution of folks like WikiLeaks.\"\" Critics have noted that \"\"[l]eaking [classified] information in\"", "title": "Political positions of Joe Lieberman" }, { "docid": "3999122", "text": "\"as its resource, a snake anti-venom, hasn't been made by the company for \"\"more than ten years\"\". Roger Aston, the chief executive of Mayne Pharma, said: \"\"I can only go on what I can see now in the media (about WikiLeaks) but judging from what I've seen about what they've said about Mayne Pharma and Faulding, a lot of it (the information) is old, out of date stuff that's not relevant.\"\" Dean Veverka of Southern Cross concurred, saying, \"\"(Roger Aston's comments) that the information in the WikiLeaks document was ten years out of date could be accurate. To only list\"", "title": "Critical Foreign Dependencies Initiative" }, { "docid": "11937755", "text": "\"of having their identity revealed as the people who came out and verified those documents.\"\" Jesse Prince, former second-in-command of Scientology's Religious Technology Center, reports that OTVIII was revised after early participants were \"\"horribly upset\"\" by the content. On March 24, 2008, WikiLeaks placed what it claimed was a complete set of OT levels on their site, including a version of OT VIII not previously publicly available. The Church of Scientology threatened legal action if the files were not removed, arguing that posting this information on the Wikileaks website was clear violation of copyright. WikiLeaks did not remove the documents\"", "title": "OT VIII" }, { "docid": "10175603", "text": "\"top forty companies in Britain who banked offshore should be made to pay taxes in the UK and \"\"cut the poor people some slack.\"\" M.I.A. has been a supporter of WikiLeaks and Julian Assange. In her own book, M.I.A. wrote regarding WikiLeaks, \"\"So obviously I love WikiLeaks because, after I'd gone through the whole backlash, they were the first news information site to confirm any news on the Sri Lankan war in the truest form; they were the first to release information stating the truth about what had happened to the Tamils as I knew it and to reveal that\"", "title": "M.I.A. (rapper)" }, { "docid": "17536918", "text": "\"that when asked, president Vladimir Putin replied that Russia was being falsely accused. \"\"The hysteria is merely caused by the fact that somebody needs to divert the attention of the American people from the essence of what was exposed by the hackers.\"\" On 17 October 2016 WikiLeaks announced that a \"\"state party\"\" had severed the Internet connection of Julian Assange at the Ecuadorian embassy. WikiLeaks blamed United States Secretary of State John Kerry of pressuring the Ecuadorian government in severing Assange's Internet, an accusation which the United States State Department denied. The Ecuadorian government stated that it had \"\"temporarily\"\" severed\"", "title": "WikiLeaks" }, { "docid": "13400667", "text": "\"and hackers known as \"\"Anonymous\"\" called upon supporters to attack sites of companies that oppose WikiLeaks as part of \"\"Operation Avenge Assange\"\". PayPal has been targeted following their decision to stop processing donations for WikiLeaks. Gregg Housh, who previously worked on other projects with Anonymous, said that he had noticed an organised attempt taking place to attack companies that have not supported WikiLeaks. In reference to the support being shown for WikiLeaks, Mr. Housh said; \"\"The reason is amazingly simple, we all believe that information should be free, and the Internet should be free.\"\" On 8 December 2010, the PayPal\"", "title": "Reception of WikiLeaks" }, { "docid": "7789489", "text": "\"over the Internet. Chelsea Manning is alleged to have said \"\"Information should be free\"\" to Adrian Lamo when explaining a rationale for US government documents to be released to WikiLeaks. The narrative goes on with Manning wondering if she is a \"\"'hacker', 'cracker', 'hacktivist', 'leaker' or what\"\". In the \"\"Fall Revolution\"\" series of science-fiction books, anarchist sci-fi author Ken Macleod riffs and puns on the expression by writing about entities composed of information actually \"\"wanting\"\", as in desiring, freedom and the scheming of several human characters with differing political and ideological agenda, to facilitate or disrupt these entities' quest for\"", "title": "Information wants to be free" }, { "docid": "14975529", "text": "Russian interference in the 2016 US election and their involvement with WikiLeaks. In the charging document, prosecutors alleged that, after the first Wikileaks release of hacked DNC emails in July 2016, “a senior Trump Campaign official was directed to contact STONE about any additional releases and what other damaging information [WikiLeaks] had regarding the Clinton Campaign. STONE thereafter told the Trump Campaign about potential future releases of damaging material by [WikiLeaks].” The indictment also alleged that Stone had discussed Wikileaks releases with multiple senior Trump campaign officials. By the time of those contacts, it had been publicly reported that the", "title": "Special Counsel investigation (2017–present)" }, { "docid": "13400619", "text": "Special Rapporteur has called on states and other actors to keep international legal principles in mind. On 16 March 2009, the Australian Communications and Media Authority added WikiLeaks to their proposed list of sites that will be blocked for all Australians if the mandatory internet filtering scheme is implemented as planned. The blacklisting had been removed by 29 November 2010. On 2 December 2010, Prime Minister Julia Gillard made a statement that she 'absolutely condemns' WikiLeaks' actions and that the release of information on the site was 'grossly irresponsible' and 'illegal.' WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange is Australian and he responded", "title": "Reception of WikiLeaks" }, { "docid": "7864984", "text": "name registrar. The result was that WikiLeaks could not be accessed through its web address. This elicited accusations of censorship and resulted in the Electronic Frontier Foundation stepping up to defend WikiLeaks. After a later hearing, the injunction was lifted. In December 2010, the White House Office of Management and Budget, the U.S. Library of Congress, the U.S. Air Force, and other government agencies began advising their personnel not to read classified documents available from WikiLeaks and some blocked access to WikiLeaks and other news organizations' websites. This action was intended to reduce the exposure of personnel to classified information", "title": "Internet censorship in the United States" }, { "docid": "3165937", "text": "\"because \"\"[Jordan] couldn't censor it,\"\" according to Jon Alterman. By 2011, Internet users in Egypt and Tunisia especially have found ways around the censorship. Egyptian bloggers reported abuses committed by the state, such as police beatings and activist arrests. These bloggers were then arrested, spurring other bloggers to report the arrests of the previous bloggers. As the censorship in Egypt came crashing to the ground, so did the reign of Mubarak. In Tunisia, Internet users created their own version of WikiLeaks, called \"\"Tunileaks.\"\" Tunileaks informed the public of the shortcomings of their leader, Ben Ali, and again, sparked a revolution.\"", "title": "Censorship in the Middle East" }, { "docid": "9883234", "text": "\"\"\"The Guardian\"\". In an editorial on the issue, \"\"The Guardian\"\" pointed out that, due to the mismatch of resources, tax collectors (HMRC) now have to rely on websites such as Wikileaks to obtain such documents. WikiLeaks has published the lists of forbidden or illegal web addresses for several countries. On 19 March 2009, WikiLeaks published what was alleged to be the Australian Communications and Media Authority's blacklist of sites to be banned under Australia's proposed laws on Internet censorship. Reactions to the publication of the list by the Australian media and politicians were varied. Particular note was made by journalistic\"", "title": "List of material published by WikiLeaks" }, { "docid": "10134010", "text": "\"internet, leaked IRC logs published by \"\"The Guardian\"\", and through confirmation from the group itself. Other members still may be active as to this time, they have not yet been identified. LulzSec did not appear to hack for financial profit, claiming their main motivation was to have fun by causing mayhem. They did things \"\"for the lulz\"\" and focused on the possible comedic and entertainment value of attacking targets. The group occasionally claimed a political message. When they hacked PBS, they stated they did so in retaliation for what they perceived as unfair treatment of WikiLeaks in a \"\"Frontline\"\" documentary\"", "title": "LulzSec" }, { "docid": "8422080", "text": "\"Scott Brown, Lieberman \"\"introduced a bill to amend the Espionage Act in order to facilitate the prosecution of folks like Wikileaks.\"\" Critics have noted that \"\"[l]eaking [classified] information in the first place is already a crime, so the measure is aimed squarely at publishers,\"\" and that \"\"Lieberman's proposed solution to WikiLeaks could have implications for journalists reporting on some of the more unsavory practices of the intelligence community.\"\" Legal analyst Benjamin Wittes has called the proposed legislation \"\"the worst of both worlds,\"\" saying: As a result of these statements and actions, Lieberman has been perceived as an opponent of Internet\"", "title": "Joe Lieberman" }, { "docid": "17536842", "text": "\"on individual privacy. The Voice of Russia stated that Shipton in an interview \"\"praised Russian diplomatic skills and Russian President Vladimir Putin and Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov. Shipton and the WikiLeaks Party believe that the Russian President and Foreign Ministry are forces for peace.\"\" Assange has been reported as saying that he envisions the WikiLeaks Party as bound together by unswerving commitment to the core principles of civic courage nourished by understanding and truthfulness and the free flow of information, and one that will practise in politics what WikiLeaks has done in the field of information. The Constitution of the\"", "title": "WikiLeaks Party" }, { "docid": "8771654", "text": "\"2010, a 22-year-old American Army intelligence analyst, Chelsea Manning (then known as Bradley Manning), was arrested after telling hacker Adrian Lamo she had leaked the airstrike video, along with a video of another airstrike and around 260,000 diplomatic cables, to WikiLeaks. The Internet chats between Manning and Lamo were revealed to the public by \"\"Wired\"\". WikiLeaks said they were unable to confirm whether or not Manning was the source of the video, stating \"\"we never collect personal information on our sources\"\", but saying that \"\"if [Manning is the] whistleblower then, without doubt, he's a national hero\"\" and \"\"we have taken\"", "title": "July 12, 2007, Baghdad airstrike" }, { "docid": "17536916", "text": "to be blocked nationwide. WikiLeaks had also tweeted a link to a database which contained sensitive information, such as the Turkish Identification Number, of approximately 50 million Turkish citizens, including nearly every female voter in Turkey. This information first appeared online in April of the same year and was not in the files uploaded by WikiLeaks, but in files archived by Michael Best, who then removed it when the personal data was discovered. On 22 July 2016, WikiLeaks released approximately 20,000 emails and 8,000 files sent from or received by Democratic National Committee (DNC) personnel. Some of the emails contained", "title": "WikiLeaks" }, { "docid": "17536873", "text": "\"(DNS) providers. Until August 2010, WikiLeaks was hosted by PRQ, a Sweden-based company providing \"\"highly secure, no-questions-asked hosting services\"\". PRQ is said to have \"\"almost no information about its clientele and maintains few if any of its own logs\"\". Currently, WikiLeaks is hosted mainly by the Swedish Internet service provider Bahnhof in the Pionen facility, a former nuclear bunker in Sweden. Other servers are spread around the world with the main server located in Sweden. Julian Assange has said that the servers are located in Sweden and the other countries \"\"specifically because those nations offer legal protection to the disclosures\"", "title": "WikiLeaks" }, { "docid": "861040", "text": "\"those documents in their book. Once decrypted portions of these documents started appearing across the Internet, Assange decided that the most responsible course of action was to simply make them available through WikiLeaks. WikiLeaks originally said it did not know the source of the leaked data. Julian Assange stated, \"\"Our whole system is designed such that we don't have to keep that secret\"\". The Pentagon launched an inquiry; Colonel Dave Lapan, a spokesperson for the Pentagon, said that investigators were trying to determine who leaked the material and said that Chelsea Manning, a 22-year-old U.S. Army intelligence analyst, was someone\"", "title": "Afghan War documents leak" }, { "docid": "1928975", "text": "\"stated that \"\"immediate harm will result to Plaintiffs in the absence of injunctive relief\"\", as is required for injunctions to be granted. The general assumption is that some leaked documents were alleged by the bank to be libellous, trade secrets, copyrighted, or otherwise prohibited for distribution, in a manner that would cause harm to it. WikiLeaks had not sent a representative to the hearing at which the injunction was granted. According to an editorial on the WikiLeaks website, Julius Baer had some communication with WikiLeaks before going to court to get the injunction, but did not inform WikiLeaks in which\"", "title": "Bank Julius Baer v. WikiLeaks" }, { "docid": "12815815", "text": "\"7, 2016, 30 minutes after the Access Hollywood tape was first published, WikiLeaks began publishing thousands of emails from Podesta's Gmail account. Throughout October, WikiLeaks released installments of these emails on a daily basis. On December 18, 2016, John Podesta stated in \"\"Meet the Press\"\" that the FBI had contacted him about the leaked emails on October 9, 2016, but had not contacted him since. On October 17, 2016, the government of Ecuador severed the internet connection of WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange at the Ecuadorian embassy in London. The Ecuadorian government stated that it had temporarily severed Assange's internet connection\"", "title": "Podesta emails" }, { "docid": "13400631", "text": "\"show concern with Iran by Arab states was a planned leak by the United States to discredit his government, though he did not indicate whether he believed WikiLeaks was in collusion with the United States or was simply an unwitting facilitator. Muammar Gaddafi blamed WikiLeaks for the Tunisian revolution \"\"[Do not be fooled by] WikiLeaks which publishes information written by lying ambassadors in order to create chaos.\"\" President Benigno Aquino III condemned WikiLeaks and leaked documents related to the country, saying that it can lead to massive cases of miscommunication. In December 2010, the office of the Russian president Dmitry\"", "title": "Reception of WikiLeaks" }, { "docid": "14260698", "text": "\"the ground. On 19 June, WikiLeaks announced the intention of releasing over 500,000 Saudi diplomatic documents to the internet. In its statement, WikiLeaks referred to a recent electronic attack on the Saudi Foreign Ministry by a group calling itself the Yemen Cyber Army, but did not indicate whether they passed the documents to WikiLeaks. On 15 May, new UN envoy to Yemen Ismail Ould Cheikh Ahmed proposed peace talks in Geneva. Rebel spokesman Hamed al-Bokheiti said the Houthis were willing to hold talks in any \"\"neutral\"\" country. Five days later the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Ban Ki-moon announced that\"", "title": "Saudi Arabian–led intervention in Yemen" }, { "docid": "17536958", "text": "\"its leak of DNC e-mails, WikiLeaks revealed the details of an ordinary staffer's suicide attempt and brought attention to it through a tweet. WikiLeaks' publishing of Sony's hacked e-mails drew criticism for violating the privacy of Sony's employees and for failing to be in the public interest. Michael A. Cohen, a fellow at the Century Foundation, argues that \"\"data dumps like these represent a threat to our already shrinking zone of privacy.\"\" He noted that the willingness of WikiLeaks to publish information of this type encourages hacking and cybertheft: \"\"With ready and willing amplifiers, what's to deter the next cyberthief\"", "title": "WikiLeaks" }, { "docid": "7864985", "text": "released by WikiLeaks and published by those news organizations. On December 1, 2010 Amazon.com cut off WikiLeaks 24 hours after being contacted by the staff of Joe Lieberman, Chairman of the U.S. Senate Committee on Homeland Security. In a statement Lieberman said: [Amazon's] decision to cut off WikiLeaks now is the right decision and should set the standard for other companies WikiLeaks is using to distribute its illegally seized material. I call on any other company or organization that is hosting WikiLeaks to immediately terminate its relationship with them. Constitutional lawyers say that this is not a first amendment issue", "title": "Internet censorship in the United States" }, { "docid": "13400659", "text": "\"titled \"\"Wikileaks must be defended.\"\" In it, Pilger said WikiLeaks represented the interests of \"\"public accountability\"\" and a new form of journalism at odds with \"\"the dominant section ... devoted merely to taking down what cynical and malign power tells it.\"\" Daniel Ellsberg, the man who released the Pentagon Papers in 1971, has been a frequent defender of WikiLeaks. Following the November 2010 release of U.S. diplomatic cables, Ellsberg rejected criticism that the site was endangering the lives of U.S. military personnel and intelligence assets stating \"\"not one single soldier or informant has been in danger from any of the\"", "title": "Reception of WikiLeaks" }, { "docid": "17536841", "text": "\"The WikiLeaks Party subscribes to a libertarian ideology. Specific policies for the 2013 election included: introduction of a national shield law to protect a reporter's right not to reveal a source and; \"\"promoting free information and protection for whistle-blowers.\"\" CEO John Shipton stated that \"\"The party stands for what Julian espouses — transparency and accountability in government and of course human rights.\"\" Assange himself has said the WikiLeaks Party would combine \"\"a small, centralised leadership with maximum grassroots involvement,\"\" and that the party would advance WikiLeaks' objectives of promoting openness in government and politics, and that it would combat intrusions\"", "title": "WikiLeaks Party" }, { "docid": "9883254", "text": "\"of the Afghan War Diaries in July, WikiLeaks contacted the White House in writing, asking that it identify names that might draw reprisals, but received no response. According to the New York Times, Amnesty International and Reporters Without Borders criticized WikiLeaks for what they saw as risking people's lives by identifying Afghans acting as informers. A Taliban spokesman said that the Taliban had formed a nine-member \"\"commission\"\" to review the documents \"\"to find about people who are spying.\"\" He said the Taliban had a \"\"wanted\"\" list of 1,800 Afghans and was comparing that with names WikiLeaks provided, stating \"\"after the\"", "title": "List of material published by WikiLeaks" }, { "docid": "13400616", "text": "\"The whistleblowing website WikiLeaks has received praise as well as criticism. The organisation has won a number of awards, including \"\"The Economist's\"\" New Media Award in 2008 at the Index on Censorship Awards and Amnesty International's UK Media Award in 2009. In 2010, the New York \"\"Daily News\"\" listed WikiLeaks first among websites \"\"that could totally change the news\"\", and Julian Assange received the Sam Adams Award and was named the Readers' Choice for \"\"TIME's Person of the Year\"\" in 2010. The UK Information Commissioner has stated that \"\"WikiLeaks is part of the phenomenon of the online, empowered citizen\"\". In\"", "title": "Reception of WikiLeaks" }, { "docid": "14655117", "text": "the rest they had promised. It is unclear what Sigurdur did at WikiLeaks. Many people who are still in the inner circle of WikiLeaks claim that Sigurdur role was minor and that he participated at a very low level in some projects WikiLeaks had, while other sources close to WikiLeaks circle state that his involvement was much greater. One of these people is Tangerine Bolen, the founder of Revolution Truth and a close friend to film maker Michael Moore. Tangerine said in an interview with RT Russia Today that although Sigurdur lied often to her, WikiLeaks is understating his involvement,", "title": "Sigurdur Thordarson" }, { "docid": "6780866", "text": "2010, WikiLeaks published over 90,000 documents regarding the war in Afghanistan. Prior to the leak, WikiLeaks gave access to the documents to three newspapers. Though WikiLeaks did not identify a source for the documents, it was speculated that the leak came from Chelsea Manning, a U.S. Army intelligence analyst arrested in May 2010 and accused of leaking classified information. The war logs revealed 144 incidents of formerly unreported civilian casualties by the U.S. military. The leak of the Afghanistan war logs was the greatest military leak in United States history. WikiLeaks is also notable for its leak of over 20,000", "title": "Hacktivism" }, { "docid": "13028892", "text": "certain subscribers involved in the WikiLeaks cases. This outcome of this case is questionable because it deals with the user's First Amendment rights. Twitter moved to reverse the court order, and supported the idea that internet users should be notified and given an opportunity to defend their constitutional rights in court before their rights are compromised. Twitter's privacy policy states that information is collected through their different web sites, application, SMS, services, APIs, and other third parties. When the user uses Twitter's service they consent to the collection, transfer, storage, manipulation, disclosure, and other uses of this information. In order", "title": "Privacy concerns with social networking services" }, { "docid": "5958319", "text": "performances, singing and short speeches delivered by students and bloggers culminated in a candle light vigil. To popularize the role of internet in democratic opinion and information sharing, Free Software Movement of Karnataka (FSMK) has done an online campaign that would explain to the public the underlying technology and process behind Wikileaks and the reason to oppose the government’s attempt to regulate information and views shared on internet platforms. This was done in the month of May, 2012. On 2 December 2012, FSMK conducted a protest in front of Bangalore Town Hall against the section 66A of Indian IT Act.", "title": "Free Software Movement of Karnataka" }, { "docid": "16497168", "text": "\"categories are: The agreement has been criticized for the secrecy around the negotiation. The cover page of the negotiating document leaked by Wikileaks says: \"\"Declassify on: Five years from entry into force of the TISA agreement or, if no agreement enters into force, five years from the close of the negotiations.\"\" Because of this practice it is not possible to be informed about the liberalizing rules that the participating countries propose for the future agreement. Only Switzerland has a practice of making public on the Internet all the proposals it submitted to the other parties since June 2012. European Union\"", "title": "Trade in Services Agreement" }, { "docid": "13400670", "text": "\"prosecute entities (if any) that acted maliciously to take it [WikiLeaks] off the air\"\" because suppressing communication would merely serve to \"\"undermine the integrity of the global Internet and its operation\"\". On 8 December 2010 a petition was launched on Avaaz in support of WikiLeaks, which was signed by over 250 thousand people within the first few hours, the total number went up to 600 thousand by 15 December 2010. In early December 2010, Noam Chomsky offered his support to protesters across Australia planning to take to the streets in defence of WikiLeaks. In an interview for \"\"Democracy Now!\"\", Chomsky\"", "title": "Reception of WikiLeaks" }, { "docid": "9883224", "text": "that WikiLeaks had not appeared in court to defend itself, and that no First Amendment issues had yet been raised before the court). Amongst other things, the coalition argued that: WikiLeaks provides a forum for dissidents and whistleblowers across the globe to post documents, but the Dynadot injunction imposes a prior restraint that drastically curtails access to Wikileaks from the Internet based on a limited number of postings challenged by Plaintiffs. The Dynadot injunction therefore violates the bedrock principle that an injunction cannot enjoin all communication by a publisher or other speaker. The same judge, Jeffrey White, who issued the", "title": "List of material published by WikiLeaks" }, { "docid": "4552263", "text": "\"certain income brackets, ethnicities, and the less educated. As of 2016, approximately 11.5% of the total U.S. population did not have internet access. Out of the 324,118,787 Americans, there were 286,942,362 total internet users (88.5%). The National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) conducted the first survey to assess Internet usage among what the study deemed the 'haves' and the 'have-nots' of American society in 1995. After U.S. President Bill Clinton adopted the phrase, \"\"the digital divide\"\" in his 2000 State of the Union address, researchers have identified numerous origins and aversions explaining trends in access and usage of information and\"", "title": "Digital divide in the United States" }, { "docid": "17536856", "text": "\"inconvenienced by Mssrs. Obama and Holder.\"\" Cole suggested that users of social media should shift from Facebook and Twitter that have \"\"internet monopolies\"\" and \"\"are in turn tools of US government control\"\" to social media based in Europe or the Global South. WikiLeaks's list of 637,000 followers on Twitter dropped by 3,000 in the hours following the announcement of the US Department of Justice action. Professor of Law Ben Saul argued that the US had been compelled to attempt to obtain information on citizens of other countries through action against its own companies due to its lack of overseas law\"", "title": "WikiLeaks-related Twitter court orders" }, { "docid": "8756850", "text": "\"that the website received pertinent information related to the DNC leaks and Clinton political campaign, but never received any information on Trump, Jill Stein, or Gary Johnson's campaign, and therefore could not publish what they did not have. Assange has consistently denied any connection to or cooperation with Russia in relation to the leaks damaging to Clinton and the Democratic Party. Several parties have pointed out a strong pro-Russian bias in Assange's public comments and stated that the materials released by WikiLeaks \"\"never seem sable to leak anything damaging to the interests of the Russian\"\". Assange's claim that the Guccifer\"", "title": "Julian Assange" }, { "docid": "4291219", "text": "\"press release to: \"\"an information mule in the Israeli newspaper \"\"Haaretz\"\", Yossi Melman, who conspired with \"\"Guardian\"\" journalist David Leigh to secretly, and in violation of WikiLeaks' contract with the \"\"Guardian\"\", move WikiLeaks' U.S. diplomatic cables to Israel.\"\" Melman characterised this as a \"\"clumsy smear\"\" attempt. In 1979, he won a British Press Awards special award for exposing jury-vetting, whilst a reporter at the Guardian. In 1985, he won Investigative Reporter of the Year in the Granada TV What the Paper Say awards, for exposing MI5 vetting of BBC staff. In 2007, he won the Paul Foot Award, with his\"", "title": "David Leigh (journalist)" }, { "docid": "861030", "text": "\"documents\"\", he believed that there is less new information in the documents than \"\"The New York Times\"\", \"\"The Guardian\"\", and \"\"Der Spiegel\"\" were reporting. Hounshell indicated how careful both \"\"The Guardian\"\" and \"\"The New York Times\"\" were to note \"\"the raw reports in the Wikileaks archive often seem poorly sourced and present implausible information\"\". Commenting on the significance of the documents: Ann Woolner wrote in an editorial in \"\"Bloomberg\"\" that WikiLeaks' publication of the documents is legally allowed in the United States because the group did not solicit the documents. Asking someone to leak secret information, \"\"with intent or reason\"", "title": "Afghan War documents leak" }, { "docid": "2684556", "text": "\"display. The court found no evidence that the Internet functions like this. For example, it analysed the following example of HTML code: According to the Court, since the URL of the link is adjacent to the corresponding phase for display, the URL is not separable from the main document and is therefore not stored in the manner described by the patent. Once more, the court judged in favor of Prodigy, saying that Prodigy internet service did not include the complete address of a piece of information, as required by the Sargent patent. The Uniform Resource Locator ( \"\"URL\"\") standard that\"", "title": "British Telecommunications plc v. Prodigy" }, { "docid": "9922083", "text": "\"display, for better or worse. I think mostly for better, but sometimes for worse. This is the world we live in. Wikileaks... a police beating... our neighbor falling on his butt. Whatever it is, or something of us we want to put on display. We're watching each other and we're being watched\"\" He later expanded \"\"It comes from the old George Orwell book \"\"1984\"\", there is a whole concept of government watching everything you do and it says “Big Brother is Watching You.” I thought about how that was what they predicted years ago. But, they didn’t predict that the\"", "title": "Little Brother Is Watching" }, { "docid": "17076611", "text": "\"Jim Fetzer, was entitled: \"\"Did Mossad death squads slaughter American children at Sandy Hook?\"\" According to \"\"Veterans Today\"\", Israel was behind the 9/11 attacks in collaboration with the United States and Julian Assange of Wikileaks is controlled by the Israeli government. In 2012, the website's chairman, Gordon Duff, told an interviewer that \"\"about 30% of what's written on \"\"Veterans Today\"\", is patently false. About 40% of what I write, is at least purposely, partially false, because if I didn't write false information I wouldn't be alive\"\". Duff spoke at a conference organized by the Syrian government \"\"Counterterrorism and Religious Extremism\"", "title": "Veterans Today" }, { "docid": "8422079", "text": "\"to WikiLeaks. Journalist Glenn Greenwald called Lieberman's actions \"\"one of the most pernicious acts by a U.S. Senator in quite some time,\"\" and accused Lieberman of \"\"emulat[ing] Chinese dictators\"\" by \"\"abusing his position as Homeland Security Chairman to thuggishly dictate to private companies which websites they should and should not host – and, more important, what you can and cannot read on the Internet.\"\" Lieberman has also suggested that \"\"the \"\"New York Times\"\" and other news organisations publishing the US embassy cables being released by WikiLeaks could be investigated for breaking US espionage laws.\"\" Along with Senators John Ensign and\"", "title": "Joe Lieberman" }, { "docid": "4841725", "text": "\"as a friend of the court to call attention to relevant points of law that it believed the court had overlooked (on the grounds that WikiLeaks had not appeared in court to defend itself, and that no First Amendment issues had yet been raised before the court). Amongst other things, the coalition argued that:\"\"WikiLeaks provides a forum for dissidents and whistleblowers across the globe to post documents, but the Dynadot injunction imposes a prior restraint that drastically curtails access to Wikileaks from the Internet based on a limited number of postings challenged by Plaintiffs. The Dynadot injunction therefore violates the\"", "title": "Dynadot" }, { "docid": "17536902", "text": "\"to the war in Afghanistan between 2004 and the end of 2009 to the publications \"\"The Guardian\"\", \"\"The New York Times\"\" and \"\"Der Spiegel\"\". The documents detail individual incidents including \"\"friendly fire\"\" and civilian casualties. About 15,000 of the 92,000 documents have not yet been released by WikiLeaks, as the group is currently reviewing the documents to remove some of the sources of the information. WikiLeaks asked the Pentagon and human-rights groups to help remove names from the documents to reduce the potential harm caused by their release, but did not receive assistance. After the Love Parade stampede in Duisburg,\"", "title": "WikiLeaks" }, { "docid": "17536881", "text": "\"Justice Department began a criminal investigation of WikiLeaks and Julian Assange soon after the leak of diplomatic cables began. Attorney General Eric Holder affirmed the investigation was \"\"not saber-rattling\"\", but was \"\"an active, ongoing criminal investigation\"\". \"\"The Washington Post\"\" reported that the department was considering charges under the Espionage Act of 1917, an action which former prosecutors characterised as \"\"difficult\"\" because of First Amendment protections for the press. Several Supreme Court cases (e.g. \"\"Bartnicki v. Vopper\"\") have established previously that the American Constitution protects the re-publication of illegally gained information provided the publishers did not themselves violate any laws in\"", "title": "WikiLeaks" }, { "docid": "11876825", "text": "\"certain program installed, its impact of system resources, and how long it has been released. Information about the program's origin and a graph of its resource usage is also provided. A new feature codenamed \"\"Autospy\"\" helps users understand what Norton did when malware was found. The malware's actions and Norton's resolution are presented to the user. Previous releases removed threats on sight and quietly warned users, potentially confusing when users are deceived in downloading rogue security software. Another addition to the product is the new \"\"Flip Screen\"\". With a compatible graphics card, the main display \"\"flips over\"\" to show the\"", "title": "Norton Internet Security" }, { "docid": "17536905", "text": "\"few days' release of the US diplomatic cables starting 28 November 2010, the US television broadcasting company CBS predicted that \"\"If anything happens to Assange or the website, a key will go out to unlock the files. There would then be no way to stop the information from spreading like wildfire because so many people already have copies.\"\" CBS correspondent Declan McCullagh stated, \"\"What most folks are speculating is that the insurance file contains unreleased information that would be especially embarrassing to the US government if it were released.\"\" On 28 November 2010, WikiLeaks and five major newspapers from Spain\"", "title": "WikiLeaks" }, { "docid": "11412456", "text": "in an insecure fashion. Kobeissi's research was picked up by Gizmodo and Microsoft issued a response. Kobeissi is also a known proponent of browser cryptography and is a member of the W3C's Web Cryptography Working Group. In 2010, Kobeissi was one of the earliest supporters of the Bradley Manning Support Network. He organized a march through Montreal in December that year in support of WikiLeaks, ran a WikiLeaks mirror site, and defended WikiLeaks on various Canadian news publications. During 2011 and 2012, Kobeissi hosted CHOMP.FM, a radio program on Internet activism that ran weekly on Montreal's CKUT-FM radio station. The", "title": "Nadim Kobeissi" }, { "docid": "5463367", "text": "\"Energy and the Digital Economy on 14 November 2010. In December that year, Besson sent a letter to the French state agency governing internet use in order to stop French web hosting company OVH from hosting the WikiLeaks website. The French government had previously deemed WikiLeaks a \"\"criminal\"\" website for violating the \"\"confidentiality of diplomatic relations\"\" and endangering people \"\"protected by diplomatic secrecy\"\", making it illegal for French companies to host WikiLeaks. Besson also reiterated his support for the Union for the Mediterranean on a visit to the organization's secretariat in May 2011. During his tenure, he oversaw the extension\"", "title": "Éric Besson" }, { "docid": "5647481", "text": "\"far the best determinator on what results to display. There are reports that Google and other sites maintain vast \"\"dossiers\"\" of information on their users which might enable them to further personalize individual Internet experiences if they chose to do so. For instance, the technology exists for Google to keep track of users' past histories even if they don't have a personal Google account or are not logged into one. One report stated that Google had collected \"\"10 years' worth\"\" of information amassed from varying sources, such as Gmail, Google Maps, and other services besides its search engine, although a\"", "title": "Filter bubble" }, { "docid": "17536925", "text": "\"WikiLeaks had on an Albanian oil-well blowout, and said they also had material from inside British Petroleum, and that they were \"\"getting enormous quantity of whistle-blower disclosures of a very high calibre\"\" but added that they had not been able to verify and release the material because they did not have enough volunteer journalists. In December 2010, Assange's lawyer, Mark Stephens, told \"\"The Andrew Marr Show\"\" on BBC Television that WikiLeaks had information it considered to be a \"\"thermo-nuclear device\"\" which it would release if the organisation needs to defend itself against the authorities. In a 2009 interview by the\"", "title": "WikiLeaks" }, { "docid": "861017", "text": "\"Robert Gates. However, a letter, written by General Counsel of the Department of Defense, Jeh Charles Johnson, in reply to WikiLeaks' attorney, Timothy Matusheski, was later released (either by the Department of Defense or WikiLeaks), in which Johnson identified the names of Afghan informants as 'sensitive items' but, in keeping with Bryan Whitman's later public statement, stated that: Asked by \"\"The Daily Beast\"\" why WikiLeaks did not review all of the documents and make redactions where necessary before their release, Daniel Schmitt replied that the volume of documents made it impossible. Speaking to \"\"Channel 4 News\"\", official spokesman for the\"", "title": "Afghan War documents leak" }, { "docid": "17536961", "text": "\"only to make documents public which exposed National Security Agency surveillance programs. Content that compromised national security or exposed sensitive personal information was withheld. WikiLeaks, on the other hand, makes little effort to remove sensitive personal information or withhold content with adverse national security implications. WikiLeaks responded by accusing Snowden of pandering to Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton. University of North Carolina Professor Zeynep Tufekci has criticised WikiLeaks for exposing sensitive personal information: \"\"WikiLeaks, for example, gleefully tweeted to its millions of followers that a Clinton Foundation employee had attempted suicide ... Data dumps by WikiLeaks have outed rape victims\"", "title": "WikiLeaks" }, { "docid": "3333449", "text": "\"confession or an interview (never to be published) & enjoy a modicum of legal protection.\"\" They talked about restricted material in general, then Manning made her first explicit reference to the leaks: \"\"This is what I do for friends.\"\" She linked to a section of the May 21, 2010, version of Wikipedia's article on WikiLeaks, which described the WikiLeaks release in March that year of a Department of Defense report on WikiLeaks itself. She added \"\"the one below that is mine too\"\"; the section below in the same article referred to the leak of the Baghdad airstrike (\"\"Collateral Murder\"\") video.\"", "title": "Chelsea Manning" }, { "docid": "13400658", "text": "\"hardships. In December 2017, after five years of processing donations on behalf of WikiLeaks, Freedom of the Press Foundation's board unanimously found that the financial blockade of WikiLeaks by major payment processors was no longer in effect, and severed ties with WikiLeaks as of January 8, 2018. In July 2010 Veterans for Peace president Mike Ferner editorialised on the group's website \"\"neither Wikileaks nor the soldier or soldiers who divulged the documents should be prosecuted for revealing this information. We should give them a medal.\"\" Documentary filmmaker John Pilger wrote an August 2010 editorial in the Australian publication \"\"Green Left\"\"\"", "title": "Reception of WikiLeaks" }, { "docid": "17536849", "text": "\"received at least one subpoena for information about its users. Just after the Attorney-General of the US state of Pennsylvania Tom Corbett was elected as governor of Pennsylvania, it was revealed that he had issued a subpoena against Twitter to demand personal information on two users who criticised him. The sub-poena included phone numbers, email addresses, banking info, and internet accounts. It also ordered Twitter to produce the information without informing the users. \"\"The Philadelphia Inquirer\"\" claimed that the subpoena was issued because of the two users' criticisms of Corbett. Corbett's spokesperson said that the subpoena was issued as \"\"part\"", "title": "WikiLeaks-related Twitter court orders" }, { "docid": "465307", "text": "\"emails and documents from the DNC, according to reports in the \"\"New York Times\"\" and the \"\"Washington Post\"\". WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange initially stuck to WikiLeaks policy of neither confirming or denying sources but in January 2017 said that their \"\"source is not the Russian government and it is not a state party\"\", and the Russian government said it had no involvement. The FBI requested, but did not receive, physical access to the DNC servers. The FBI did obtain copies of the servers and all the information on them, as well as access to forensics, from CrowdStrike, a third-party cybersecurity\"", "title": "2016 Democratic National Committee email leak" }, { "docid": "14655110", "text": "Assange, the editor and founder of WikiLeaks. Sigurdur started his time there in early 2010, and participated in preparing many of WikiLeaks's biggest leaks. After a year in WikiLeaks service Sigurdur was suspected of embezzling funds from the WikiLeaks online store. WikiLeaks filed criminal charges against Sigurdur with the Metropolitan Police of Iceland, who investigated the case and later dropped it due to lack of evidence. Sigurdur later plead guilty to the embezzlement along with other economic crimes, in 2013. Sigurdur was ordered to pay the victims 15 million ISK (roughly $115,000) <sup>[6]</sup> Sigurdur began leaking information about the Icelandic", "title": "Sigurdur Thordarson" }, { "docid": "4462872", "text": "has formed his own company – Amber Digital Consultancy Ltd – and has helped set up joint ventures in Egypt and India and advised on the Wikileaks story. He chairs Trinity Hospice in Clapham, the oldest English hospice which celebrated its 120th year in 2011; he sits on the board of CAABU, the Egypt British Business Council and Editorial Intelligence as well as still being on the Advisory Board at the Oxford University Internet Institute (which he founded). Wyatt is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts, a Liveryman at the Hon. Worshipful Company of Information Technologists, and a", "title": "Derek Wyatt" }, { "docid": "8756843", "text": "and then forwarded this suggestion to several people, including Cambridge Analytica CEO Alexander Nix, who personally emailed a request to Assange for Clinton's emails. Assange responded to the report by saying he denied Nix's request. In July 2016, Assange implied that Seth Rich, a DNC staffer who was murdered earlier that year, was the source behind the DNC emails that WikiLeaks published and that Seth Rich was killed for doing so. WikiLeaks offered a $20,000 reward for information about Rich’s murder. Assange spoke about sources bringing information to WikiLeaks in the context of Seth Rich, and stated that whistleblowers are", "title": "Julian Assange" }, { "docid": "13400627", "text": "\"to debt default risk. This information had been leaked to WikiLeaks and remained available on the WikiLeaks website; faced with an injunction minutes before broadcast, the channel aired a screen-shot of the WikiLeaks site instead of the scheduled piece on the bank. Citizens of Iceland were reported to be outraged that RÚV was prevented from broadcasting news of relevance. Therefore, WikiLeaks has been credited with inspiring the Icelandic Modern Media Initiative, a bill meant to reclaim Iceland's 2007 \"\"Reporters Without Borders (Reporters sans frontières)\"\" ranking as first in the world for free speech. It aims to enact a range of\"", "title": "Reception of WikiLeaks" }, { "docid": "8319911", "text": "\"count of perjury; he stated that he rejected it because he did not wilfully mislead anyone. Draft court documents, released in November, showed that two months before WikiLeaks released emails stolen from the Clinton campaign, Corsi sent emails to Trump campaign adviser Roger Stone informing him that WikiLeaks was going to publish the emails in two \"\"dumps\"\", giving dates of the planned releases and that the \"\"impact planned\"\" would be \"\"very damaging.\"\" Stone also sent Corsi an email directing him to contact Julian Assange \"\"and get the pending (WikiLeaks) emails.\"\" Corsi told Mueller's investigators he ignored the direction, but investigators\"", "title": "Jerome Corsi" }, { "docid": "17536871", "text": "\"Prominent First Amendment lawyer Floyd Abrams writes that WikiLeaks is not a journalistic group, but instead \"\"an organization of political activists; ... a source for journalists; and ... a conduit of leaked information to the press and the public\"\". Noting Assange's statements that he and his colleagues read only a small fraction of information before deciding to publish it, Abrams writes: \"\"No journalistic entity I have ever heard of—none—simply releases to the world an elephantine amount of material it has not read.\"\" According to a January 2010 interview, the WikiLeaks team then consisted of five people working full-time and about\"", "title": "WikiLeaks" }, { "docid": "3333430", "text": "\"her former partner, Tyler Watkins, told \"\"Wired\"\" that Manning had said during the visit that she had found some sensitive information and was considering leaking it. Manning contacted \"\"The Washington Post\"\" and \"\"The New York Times\"\" to ask if they were interested in the material; the \"\"Post\"\" reporter did not sound interested, and the \"\"Times\"\" did not return the call. Manning decided instead to pass it to WikiLeaks, and on February 3 sent them the Iraq and Afghan War logs via Tor. She returned to Iraq on February 11, with no acknowledgement from WikiLeaks that they had received the files.\"", "title": "Chelsea Manning" }, { "docid": "7218838", "text": "\"which was released in August 2004 after a number of delays, also contained a number of security-related fixes, new restrictions on code execution, and user interface elements that aimed to better protect the user from malware. One notable user interface element that was introduced was the \"\"information bar\"\". Tony Schriner, a developer on the Internet Explorer team, explained that the information bar was introduced to reduce the possibility that the user might mis-click and allow the installation of software they did not intend, as well as to simply reduce the number of pop-ups displayed to the user. Most reviews of\"", "title": "History of Internet Explorer" }, { "docid": "465704", "text": "\"clickfraud botnets. In correspondence with the website Politico, hacktivist groups SpainSquad, Anonymous, and New World Hackers claimed responsibility for the attack in retaliation for Ecuador's rescinding Internet access to WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange, at their embassy in London, where he has been granted asylum. This claim has yet to be confirmed. WikiLeaks alluded to the attack on Twitter, tweeting \"\"Mr. Assange is still alive and WikiLeaks is still publishing. We ask supporters to stop taking down the US internet. You proved your point.\"\" New World Hackers has claimed responsibility in the past for similar attacks targeting sites like BBC and\"", "title": "2016 Dyn cyberattack" }, { "docid": "13400675", "text": "\"awards but did not win: 1 February 2011, Norwegian politician and musician Snorre Valen nominated WikiLeaks for the Nobel Peace Prize, totaling six nominations for the Nobel Peace Prize in consecutive years (2010-2015) for the organization 2015 Wikileaks received a nomination for the UN Mandela Prize. six nominations for the Nobel Peace Prize in consecutive years (2010-2015) WikiLeaks has attracted criticism from a variety of sources. In 2007 John Young, operator of Cryptome, left his position on the WikiLeaks Board of Directors accusing the group of being a \"\"CIA conduit\"\". Young subsequently retreated from his assertion but has continued to\"", "title": "Reception of WikiLeaks" }, { "docid": "17536950", "text": "\"often abetted by state actors like Russia.\"\" Pompeo said that the US Intelligence Community had concluded that Russia's \"\"primary propaganda outlet,\"\" RT had \"\"actively collaborated\"\" with WikiLeaks. In August 2017, \"\"Foreign Policy\"\" reported that WikiLeaks had in the summer of 2016 turned down a large cache of documents containing information damaging to the Russian government. WikiLeaks justified this by saying \"\"As far as we recall these are already public ... WikiLeaks rejects all information that it cannot verify. WikiLeaks rejects submissions that have already been published elsewhere\"\". Whereas news outlets had reported on some contents of the leaks in 2014,\"", "title": "WikiLeaks" }, { "docid": "17536966", "text": "\"gigabytes of data relating to Bank of America, the internal communications of 20 neo-Nazi organisations and US intercept information for \"\"over a hundred Internet companies\"\". In Domscheit-Berg's book he wrote: \"\"To this day, we are waiting for Julian to restore security, so that we can return the material to him, which was on the submission platform.\"\" In August 2011, Domscheit-Berg claims he permanently deleted the files \"\"in order to ensure that the sources are not compromised.\"\" Herbert Snorrason, a 25-year-old Icelandic university student, resigned after he challenged Assange on his decision to suspend Domscheit-Berg and was bluntly rebuked. Iceland MP\"", "title": "WikiLeaks" }, { "docid": "17536956", "text": "\"Scientists. WikiLeaks has published individuals' Social Security numbers, medical information, and credit card numbers. An analysis by the Associated Press found that WikiLeaks had in one of its mass-disclosures published \"\"the personal information of hundreds of people – including sick children, rape victims and mental health patients\"\". WikiLeaks has named teenage rape victims, and outed an individual arrested for homosexuality in Saudi Arabia. Some of WikiLeaks' cables \"\"described patients with psychiatric conditions, seriously ill children or refugees\"\". An analysis of WikiLeaks' Saudi cables \"\"turned up more than 500 passport, identity, academic or employment files ... three dozen records pertaining to\"", "title": "WikiLeaks" }, { "docid": "17536919", "text": "\"Assange's Internet connection because of WikiLeaks' release of documents \"\"impacting on the U.S. election campaign,\"\" although it also stated that this was not meant to prevent WikiLeaks from operating. On 16 February 2017, WikiLeaks released a purported report on CIA espionage orders (marked as NOFORN) for the 2012 French presidential election. The order called for details of party funding, internal rivalries and future attitudes toward the United States. The Associated Press noted that \"\"the orders seemed to represent standard intelligence-gathering.\"\" On 7 March 2017, WikiLeaks started publishing content code-named \"\"Vault 7\"\". In a series of tweets and a Facebook Live\"", "title": "WikiLeaks" }, { "docid": "704911", "text": "did not initially know the information he needed, but someone from the tribe would always get back to him with the information he needed to continue his research and map building. For example, he often would call a tribe to ask for their original name and they would reply that they did not know what they had called themselves. They would then ask an elder of the tribe and discover the name. In another case, Carapella did not know what name of the Waileptu or Cayuse people meant and he could not find it with Internet searches or in any", "title": "Aaron Carapella" }, { "docid": "16877682", "text": "\"editor of \"\"The Guardian\"\" had contacted Bill Keller, editor of \"\"The New York Times\"\", to see if he would be interested in sharing the dissemination of the information. Manning was suspected to have uploaded all that was obtained to WikiLeaks, which chose to release the material in stages so as to have the greatest possible impact. According to \"\"The Guardian\"\", all the diplomatic cables were marked \"\"Sipdis\"\", denoting \"\"secret internet protocol distribution\"\", which means they had been distributed via the closed U.S. SIPRNet, the U.S. Department of Defense's classified version of the civilian internet. More than three million U.S. government\"", "title": "United States diplomatic cables leak" }, { "docid": "2684549", "text": "\"be able to access information stored in a central computer via telephone network. Information would be stored and transmitted in the form of blocks, with each block divided into two parts: a first portion including information to be displayed, and a second portion, not intended for display, which contained the complete addresses of other blocks of information linked to the current display page. In June 2000, BT sent letters to Prodigy Communications Corporation (\"\"Prodigy\"\") and 16 other Internet service providers (ISPs), asking them to pay licensing fee for BT's hyperlink patent; all refused. BT sued Prodigy, the oldest ISP in\"", "title": "British Telecommunications plc v. Prodigy" }, { "docid": "17032004", "text": "\"source of the leaks. In 2017, federal law enforcement identified CIA software engineer Joshua Adam Schulte as a suspected source of Vault 7. The first batch of documents named \"\"Year Zero\"\" was published by WikiLeaks on 7 March 2017, consisting of 7,818 web pages with 943 attachments, purportedly from the Center for Cyber Intelligence, which already contains more pages than former NSA contractor and leaker, Edward Snowden's NSA release. WikiLeaks did not name the source, but said that the files had \"\"circulated among former U.S. government hackers and contractors in an unauthorized manner, one of whom has provided WikiLeaks with\"", "title": "Vault 7" } ]
-1876566410524927695
দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধে কোন দেশ পরাজিত হয় ?
[ "Germany" ]
[ { "docid": "7207874", "text": "\"with the Soviet Union in August 1939, Hitler launched the Second World War on 1 September 1939 by attacking Poland. To his surprise Britain and France declared war on Germany, but there was little fighting during the \"\"Phoney War\"\" period. War began in earnest in spring 1940 with the successful Blitzkrieg conquests of Denmark, Norway, the Low Countries, and France. Britain remained alone but refused to negotiate, and defeated Germany's air attacks in the Battle of Britain. Hitler's goal was to control Eastern Europe but because of his failure to defeat Britain and the Italian failures in North Africa and\"", "title": "History of Europe" }, { "docid": "5659805", "text": "politics before this deal had been varied: independence from Imperial Russia with support of Imperial Germany in 1917; participation in the Russian Civil War (without official declaration of war) alongside the Triple Entente 1918–1920; a non-ratified alliance with Poland in 1922; association with the neutralist and democratic Scandinavian countries in the 1930s ended by the Winter War (1939); and finally in 1940, a rapprochement with Nazi Germany, the only power able and willing to help Finland against the expansionist Soviet Union, which led to the nation's re-entry into the Second World War in 1941. The Wehrmacht's defeat in the Battle", "title": "Finlandization" }, { "docid": "10982017", "text": "\"inflicted on the United States by Japan at Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941, did not result in a change in U.S. policy. Prime Minister Winston Churchill hastened to Washington shortly after Pearl Harbor for the Arcadia Conference to ensure that the Americans didn't have second thoughts about Europe First. The two countries reaffirmed that, \"\"notwithstanding the entry of Japan into the War, our view remains that Germany is still the prime enemy. And her defeat is the key to victory. Once Germany is defeated the collapse of Italy and the defeat of Japan must follow.\"\" The Battle of the\"", "title": "Military history of the United States during World War II" }, { "docid": "5386473", "text": "was defeated in World War I, and the Treaty of Versailles placed punitive conditions on the country, including significant financial reparations, the loss of territory (some only temporarily), war guilt, military weakening and limitation, and economic weakening. Germany was humiliated in front of the world and had to pay very large war reparations. Many Germans blamed their country's post-war economic collapse and hyperinflation on the treaty's conditions. These resentments contributed to the political instability which made it possible for Adolf Hitler and his National Socialist Party to come to power, with Hitler's appointment as Chancellor of Germany in 1933. After", "title": "European theatre of World War II" }, { "docid": "6319191", "text": "\"The relationship of Germany and the United Nations first began during World War II. The \"\"United Nations\"\" then was synonymous with the Allies of World War II and Germany then being the Greater German Reich, a member of the Axis powers. With the war ending in the defeat of Germany, the country's territory was divided amongst the victors and what was to remain Germany was under Allied administration. In 1949, two new countries were created in these occupied territories: the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) in May and the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) in October. Both Germanies were\"", "title": "Germany and the United Nations" }, { "docid": "3889707", "text": "slaves. At the beginning of the 19th century, Europe still dominated as the core region of the world. France attempted to obtain European hegemony under the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte. In 1871, Germany became united and established themselves as the leading industrial nation on the European mainland. Their desire to dominate the mainland helped them to become a core nation. After the First World War, Europe was decimated, and the position for new core nations was opening up. This culminated with the defeat of Nazi Germany in the Second World War, when Britain was forced to sacrifice its hegemony, allowing", "title": "Core countries" }, { "docid": "12827315", "text": "of its engineering schools. During the Second World War, France was invaded by Nazi Germany and in 1945 the Japanese ousted French control over Cambodia, with Sihanouk proclaiming independence for his country. After the war ended in the defeat of Germany and Japan, France re-asserted its control over Cambodia in 1946, although allowed for the creation of a new constitution and the establishment of various political parties. The most successful of these was the Democratic Party, which won the 1946 general election. According to Chandler, Sâr and Sary worked for the party during its successful election campaign, although Short maintained", "title": "Pol Pot" }, { "docid": "8909789", "text": "the beginning of the Second World War, Wahl noticed that the excitement within the German population for another war was very limited. Compared to the patriotism he encountered and felt himself in 1914, he now mostly felt people were resigned and stunned in the face of another conflict. In May 1941, he gave a rather telling speech at the Messerschmitt factory, voicing his belief in Hitler and his mission from God to punish all people and countries which have strayed from the path of decency. He denounced the leaders of many of the countries Germany had defeated as cowards, due", "title": "Karl Wahl" }, { "docid": "6309848", "text": "(subhumans) in the Holocaust during World War II. After the defeat of Nazi Germany, the country was divided into East and West Germany in the opening acts of the Cold War, and each state retained a sense of German identity and held reunification as a goal, albeit in different contexts. The creation of the European Union was in part an effort to harness German identity to a European identity. West Germany underwent its economic miracle following the war, which led to the creation of guest worker program; many of these workers ended up settling in Germany which has led to", "title": "German nationalism" }, { "docid": "1139926", "text": "the lowest birthrate in Europe. This meant that despite their very different political systems, when Germany allowed the Reinsurance Treaty to lapse, France seized the opportunity to agree the 1894 Franco-Russian Alliance. It also replaced Germany as the primary source of financing for Russian industry and the expansion of its railway network, particularly in border areas with Germany and Austria-Hungary. However, Russian defeat in the 1904-1905 Russo-Japanese War damaged its credibility, while Britain's isolation during the Second Boer War meant both countries sought additional allies. This resulted in the 1904 Entente Cordiale with Britain; like the 1907 Anglo-Russian Convention, for", "title": "Allies of World War I" }, { "docid": "7212748", "text": "Germany's defeat and widespread popular discontent triggered the German Revolution of 1918–19 which overthrew the monarchy and established the Weimar Republic. The German population responded to the outbreak of war in 1914 with a complex mix of emotions, in a similar way to the populations in other countries of Europe; notions of overt enthusiasm known as the Spirit of 1914 have been challenged by more recent scholarship. The German government, dominated by the Junkers, thought of the war as a way to end Germany's disputes with rivals France, Russia and Britain. The beginning of war was presented in Germany as", "title": "History of Germany during World War I" }, { "docid": "7538414", "text": "shifted so far to the right that voters gave the Arrow Cross Party –Hungary's equivalent of Germany's Nazi Party–the second highest number of votes. In September 1940, the Hungarian government allowed German troops to transit the country on their way to Romania, and on November 20, 1940, Teleki signed the Tripartite Pact, which allied the country with Germany, Italy, and Japan, and ensured Hungary's involvement in the Second World War. Until World War I, striking inequalities distinguished the distribution of wealth, power, privilege, and opportunity among social groups. The various social strata had different codes of behavior and distinctive dress,", "title": "Hungary between the World Wars" }, { "docid": "9965323", "text": "The Locarno Treaties were seven agreements negotiated at Locarno, Switzerland, on 5–16 October 1925 and formally signed in London on 1 December, in which the First World War Western European Allied powers and the new states of Central and Eastern Europe sought to secure the post-war territorial settlement, and return normalizing relations with defeated Germany (the Weimar Republic). It also stated that Germany would never go to war with the other countries. Locarno divided borders in Europe into two categories: western, which were guaranteed by Locarno treaties, and eastern borders of Germany with Poland, which were open for revision. German", "title": "Locarno Treaties" }, { "docid": "5881143", "text": "French imperialism. Prior to World War I, the cooperation of the general staffs of both countries assumed closer forms. In 1912 a Russo-French naval convention was signed. Russia and France entered the war united by the treaty of alliance. This had a significant effect on the course and outcome of the war since it forced Germany from the first days of the war to fight on two fronts. This led to the defeat of Germany the battle of the Marne, to the collapse of the Schlieffen Plan, and finally to the defeat of Germany. The Russo-French Alliance was nullified by", "title": "Franco-Russian Alliance" }, { "docid": "7194768", "text": "with the resulting division of territory, and soon went to war against former allies Serbia and Greece, in which it lost territory it had gained in the first war. The First World War saw Bulgaria allied with Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire. Its defeat led to the Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine, in which it lost further territory. Social problems and political instability persisted throughout the interwar years. In the Second World War, Bulgaria again allied with Germany. Although it attempted to pull out of the war as Soviet Union advanced towards it, it was invaded, and a communist government was", "title": "History of Bulgaria (1878–1946)" }, { "docid": "1591470", "text": "\"Art theft and looting occurred on a massive scale during World War II. It originated with the policies of the Axis countries, primarily Nazi Germany and Japan, which systematically looted occupied territories. Near the end of the war the Soviet Union, in turn, began looting reclaimed and occupied territories. \"\"The grand scale of looted artwork by the Nazis has resulted in the loss of many pieces being scattered across the world.\"\" (Minyard, 2007) Although the looting of \"\"cultural heritage\"\" of the German people and private collectors was not permitted in the 1945 agreement of Yalta, following the defeat of Germany\"", "title": "Art theft and looting during World War II" }, { "docid": "2672927", "text": "The British Army was, in 1939, a volunteer army, that introduced limited conscription in early 1939, and full conscription shortly after the declaration of war with Germany. During the early years of the Second World War, the British Army suffered defeat in almost every theatre of war in which it was deployed. With mass conscription, the expansion of the British Army was reflected in the formation of larger armies and army groups. From 1943, the larger and better-equipped British Army never suffered a strategic defeat (although there were failures, most notably the Battle of Arnhem, part of Operation Market Garden,", "title": "British Army during the Second World War" }, { "docid": "6142305", "text": "of the Saarland into Germany, the country and the leagues began to expand. With the aggressive expansion politics, and later, through the Second World War, Germany grew considerably in size. New or regained territories were incorporated into the Third Reich. In those regions incorporated into Germany, new Gauligen were formed. With the outbreak of the Second World War, football continued but competitions were reduced in size as many players were drafted to the German Wehrmacht. Most Gauligen split into subgroups to reduce travel, which became increasingly more difficult as the war went on. Many clubs had to merge or form", "title": "Gauliga" }, { "docid": "873967", "text": "\"with their population.\"\" Later on, Vladimir Lenin's government also renounced the Partition of Poland treaty, making it possible for Poland to claim its 1772 borders. However, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was rendered obsolete when Germany was defeated later in 1918, leaving the status of much of eastern Europe in an uncertain position. A far-left and often explicitly Communist revolutionary wave occurred in several European countries in 1917–1920, notably in Germany and Hungary. The single most important event precipitated by the privations of World War I was the Russian Revolution of 1917. In Germany, there was a socialist revolution which led\"", "title": "Aftermath of World War I" }, { "docid": "9835399", "text": "War. For further information, see List of World War II aces from Finland There were more than 180 aces from France during the Second World War. See List of World War II aces from France and List of Vichy France flying aces. There were over 2,500 aces from Germany during the Second World War. For a detailed list of 890 (updated as of October 2017) of these aces, see List of World War II aces from Germany There were 7 air aces from Greece during the Second World War. There were 39 air aces from Hungary during the Second World", "title": "List of World War II flying aces by country" }, { "docid": "17762194", "text": "full part of Nazi Germany in 1938 among popular acclaim during the Anschluss. About 1.2 million Austrians served in all branches of the German armed forces during World War II. After the defeat of the Axis Powers, the Allies occupied Austria in four occupation zones set up at the end of World War II until 1955, when the country again became a fully independent republic under the condition that it remained neutral. The four occupations zones were French, American, British, and Soviet, with Vienna also divided among the four powers. This paralleled the situation in post-war Germany. See East African", "title": "World War II by country" }, { "docid": "17762129", "text": "\"Nearly every country and territory in the world participated in World War II, with the exception of only a few nations which remained neutral. The Second World War pitted two alliances against each other, the Axis powers and the Allied powers. The leading Axis powers were Nazi Germany, the Kingdom of Italy and the Empire of Japan; while the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union and China were the \"\"Big Four\"\" Allied powers. The countries involved in or affected by World War II are listed here alphabetically, with a description of their role in the conflict. The Kingdom\"", "title": "World War II by country" }, { "docid": "6622597", "text": "\"to armed mobilization in preparation for the First World War. This effort was also supported by the transformation of the \"\"Loddenheide\"\" from an industrial area to a military base, as well as the building of \"\"Luftnachrichtenkaserne 1936\"\" ( radio transmission outpost 1936), at \"\"Albersloher Way\"\". Ever since 1920, one differentiates \"\"Old-Gremmendorf\"\" (farmyards around \"\"Erbdrosten\"\" Way) and \"\"New-Gremmendorf\"\" in lieu of new settlement around \"\"Gremmendorfer\"\" Way. After the Second World War, the barracks originally intended for German soldiers were taken over and utilized by British occupational forces as part of Osnabrück Garrison. (Following the defeat of Nazi Germany, the country was\"", "title": "Gremmendorf" }, { "docid": "7701764", "text": "flowed towards other European countries, mainly the Federal Republic of Germany, where there was a labor shortage in the rebuilding process after the second world war. Additionally, about 65,000 Greeks sought refuge in former Soviet Bloc countries after the defeat of the left-wing forces in the Greek Civil War (1946–1949). Looking solely at the years 1955 to 1970, approximately one million people—over ten percent of the total Greek population—left Greece to emigrate primarily to Europe, Australia, North America and South America. Several occurrences in the last quarter of the twentieth century lead to a change in the migration patterns in", "title": "Immigration to Greece" }, { "docid": "9794122", "text": "until May 1940, as Britain and France were involved in a Phoney War between Germany and the Franco-British alliance. The phoney war ended with the Battle of France where Germany invaded Benelux and subsequently France, which forced British troops to escape from Dunkirk. In 1941, war spread to the Middle East and North Africa as well as the East African Campaign. The United States officially joined the war in December 1941 after the Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor. In 1942, British forces under Lieutenant General Bernard Montgomery defeated the Axis forces of General Erwin Rommel in the Second Battle of", "title": "List of Second World War Victoria Cross recipients" }, { "docid": "17472215", "text": "\"During the Cold War, a new definition emerged. Earth was divided into three \"\"worlds\"\". The First World, analogous in this context to what was called \"\"the West\"\", was composed of NATO members and other countries aligned with the United States. The Second World was the Eastern bloc in the Soviet sphere of influence, including the Soviet Union (15 republics including presently independent Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania) and Warsaw Pact countries like Poland, Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, East Germany (now united with Germany), Czechoslovakia (now split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia). The Third World consisted of countries, many of which were unaligned\"", "title": "Western world" }, { "docid": "12317967", "text": "\"as World War I had led to the demise of Pan-Slavism. Parts of Germany itself were devastated, and the country was divided, firstly into Soviet, French, American, and British zones and then into West Germany and East Germany. To add to the disaster, Germany suffered even larger territorial losses than it did in the First World War, with vast portions of eastern Germany directly annexed by the Soviet Union and Poland. The scale of the Germans' defeat was unprecedented; Pan-Germanism became taboo because it had been tied to racist concepts of the \"\"master race\"\" and \"\"Nordicism\"\" by the Nazi party.\"", "title": "Pan-Germanism" }, { "docid": "2672478", "text": "Central Powers, the end of the German Empire, the Treaty of Versailles and the establishment of the League of Nations. Although Germany had been defeated during the First World War, by 1933 fascism had given rise to Nazi Germany, which under the leadership of Adolf Hitler re-militarised in defiance of the Treaty of Versailles. Once again tensions accumulated in European relations, and following Germany's invasion of Poland in September 1939, the Second World War began (1939–1945). The conflict was the most widespread in British history, with British Empire and Commonwealth troops fighting in campaigns from Europe and North Africa, to", "title": "British Armed Forces" }, { "docid": "9171418", "text": "\"tendency within SPD which based the support of the SPD for the \"\"war credits\"\" in Reichstag on a Marxist theory suggesting that a German victory in World War I could be used by SPD, which was still a dominant force in European socialism, to transform Germany into a socialist state and to trigger socialist revolutions in the defeated countries. His associates in this movement were Heinrich Cunow and Paul Lensch, both former left-wing social democrats and Marxists close to Rosa Luxemburg. He became editor of \"\"Die Glocke\"\" from 1915. When it became evident Germany would lose the war, Haenisch became\"", "title": "Konrad Haenisch" }, { "docid": "861599", "text": "Germany in 1935, seeking an alternative to its historical position as a contested territory between Russia and Britain. Afghanistan resisted calls from Moscow and London to expel the Italian and German diplomatic corps for most of the Second World War. At the end of the Second World War the German military donated its remaining arsenal to Afghanistan as a sign of good faith for its neutral stance during the war. Following the Soviet–Afghan War, the German soldiers stationed in Afghanistan left the country. Qualified German personal and advisors left the country in 1980 followed by teaching staff in 1984. Currently", "title": "Afghanistan–Germany relations" }, { "docid": "5768791", "text": "The Football League War Cup was an association football tournament held between 1939 and 1945. It aimed to fill the gaping hole left in English football by the cancellation of the FA Cup during the Second World War. Throughout the latter 1930s it was becoming inevitable that a second World War with Germany was coming. On 3 September 1939 following Germany’s invasion of Poland, Neville Chamberlain announced war on Nazi Germany. Shortly after war was declared, most competitions were abandoned as the country's attention turned to the war effort. Over 780 footballers signed up to fight in the war and", "title": "Football League War Cup" }, { "docid": "10977974", "text": "Russia in the Crimea, Austria in Italy, and Prussia within France itself. Following defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, Franco–German rivalry erupted again in the First World War. France and its allies were victorious this time. Social, political, and economic upheaval in the wake of the conflict led to the Second World War, in which the Allies were defeated in the Battle of France and the French government signed an armistice with Germany. The Allies, including the Free French Forces led by a government in exile, eventually emerged victorious over the Axis Powers. As a result, France secured an occupation zone", "title": "Military history of France" }, { "docid": "9838991", "text": "This article includes a list of Canadian ambassadors to the Federal Republic of Germany. Canada had no diplomatic mission to Germany before the Second World War, though it had immigration agents in the country as early as 1872, when Wilhelm Hespeler was sent to Berlin as the Dominion of Canada's official immigration agent for several months. German laws from before the First World War against the solicitation of emigrants delayed the establishment of a permanent immigration office by Canada until 1923. W.G. Fisher was appointed as Canada's first trade commissioner to Germany in 1910, with an office in Hamburg, which", "title": "List of ambassadors of Canada to Germany" }, { "docid": "7258727", "text": "\"blocked by the PRC. Because of Taiwan's ambiguous political status, the ROC has participated in a number of international organizations under the name \"\"Chinese Taipei\"\". Due to the One-China policy imposed by the PRC government, the PRC considers the ROC ceased to exist and Taiwan is an inseparable part of China and refuses diplomatic relations with any country that recognizes the ROC. However, the ROC is still controlling Taiwan, Penghu, Quemoy and Lienchiang. The Second World War's hostilities came to a close on 2 September 1945, with the defeat of the Empire of Japan and Nazi Germany. Taiwan, which had\"", "title": "History of Taiwan since 1945" }, { "docid": "5385268", "text": "European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in the Treaty of Paris, which came into force on 23 July 1952. Coal and steel production was essential for the reconstruction of countries in Europe after the Second World War and this sector of the national economy had been important for warfare in the First and Second World Wars. Therefore, France had originally maintained its occupation of the Saarland with its steel companies after the founding of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) in 1949. By transferring national powers over the coal and steel production to a newly created ECSC Commission, the", "title": "European integration" }, { "docid": "7299366", "text": "\"Australia and New Zealand. In Germany, on the other hand, the Social Democrats emerged from the war much weakened, and were defeated in Germany's first democratic elections in 1949. The united front between democrats and the Stalinist parties which had been established in the wartime resistance movements continued in the immediate postwar years. The democratic socialist parties of Eastern Europe, however, were destroyed when Stalin imposed so-called \"\"Communist\"\" regimes in these countries. The Second International, which had been based in Amsterdam, ceased to operate during the war. It was refounded as the Socialist International at a congress in Frankfurt in\"", "title": "History of socialism" }, { "docid": "7079124", "text": "\"and the Balkans - something that did happen in the early days of the Second World War. Following World War I, Gibbons opposed the Allies' efforts to blame Germany for the war. In a speech in New York in 1922, Gibbons explained that the war was caused by countries competing for trade interests. If Germany had not existed, the war would still have happened: \"\"human nature,\"\" rather than \"\"German nature,\"\" had caused the war. Gibbons had a conflicted attitude towards the colonial system, under which the European powers and the United States gained control over large portions of the globe\"", "title": "Herbert Adams Gibbons" }, { "docid": "7207868", "text": "\"as the Ukrainian–Soviet War (1917–1921) and the Polish–Soviet War (1919–1921). Prosperity was widespread, and the major cities sponsored a youth culture called the \"\"Roaring Twenties\"\" that was often featured in the cinema, which attracted very large audiences. The Allied victory in the First World War seem to mark the triumph of liberalism, not just in the Allied countries themselves, but also in Germany and in the new states of Eastern Europe, as well as Japan. Authoritarian militarism as typified by Germany had been defeated and discredited. Historian Martin Blinkhorn argues that the liberal themes were ascendant in terms of \"\"cultural\"", "title": "History of Europe" }, { "docid": "3675041", "text": "heraldry since the 1890s. The albums became a success in Germany and the company exported the idea to the other European countries in which the company operated. Two series, Germany and Switzerland, were started before World War I and were never finished. In the 1920s and 1930s the second series of these countries as well as the other countries were launched. In each country different heraldic artists were used to write the albums and draw the images. In the 1920s the series were again published in Switzerland and Germany, followed by other countries. The following albums were published: In total", "title": "Coffee Hag albums" }, { "docid": "6198737", "text": "\"by the popular and influential short story collection, \"\"Defeat\"\" (1923). Thereafter Moss published roughly a book a year until the outbreak of the Second World War, his œuvre comprising novels, short story collections, verse, children's stories and works of non-fiction on European politics and military matters. Although entirely forgotten today, Moss's works seem to have been extremely popular among general readers (if not always among critics) and influential among his fellow writers. \"\"Defeat\"\", which is made up of six thematically linked short stories dealing with life in Germany in the wake of defeat in the First World War, influenced the\"", "title": "Geoffrey Moss" }, { "docid": "17465590", "text": "The Western Front was a military theatre of World War II encompassing Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Germany. World War II military engagements in Southern Europe and elsewhere are generally considered under separate headings. The Western Front was marked by two phases of large-scale combat operations. The first phase saw the capitulation of the Netherlands, Belgium, and France during May and June 1940 after their defeat in the Low Countries and the northern half of France, and continued into an air war between Germany and Britain that climaxed with the Battle of Britain.", "title": "Western Front (World War II)" }, { "docid": "13086918", "text": "The Province of Schleswig-Holstein ( ) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Free State of Prussia from 1868 to 1946. It was created from the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, which had been conquered by Prussia and the Austrian Empire from Denmark in the Second War of Schleswig in 1864. Following the Austro-Prussian War in 1866, which ended in Austrian defeat, Schleswig and Holstein were annexed by Prussia. The province was created in 1868 and also included the Duchy of Lauenburg since 1876. Following the defeat of Imperial Germany in World War I, the Allied powers", "title": "Province of Schleswig-Holstein" }, { "docid": "14353775", "text": "\"belligerence throughout, the British embargoed and blockaded any country associated with Napoleon, which created large economic hardships and dislocations that ultimately led to the people of France becoming disenchanted with Napoleon. In World War I and World War II, the British and Germans declared mutual blockade and the \"\"Kriegsmarine\"\" attempted to close the SLOCs from North America to the British Isles with the use of submarines. In each case the Allies succeeded in keeping the sea lanes open. The Germans in each case failed to defeat the British naval blockade of Germany. The United States Navy in World War II\"", "title": "Sea lines of communication" }, { "docid": "16852396", "text": "socialist parties. A coalition government was formed in 1931. Britain entered the Second World War by declaring war on Nazi Germany in 1939 after Germany had invaded Poland. Winston Churchill became prime minister and head of a coalition government in 1940. Despite the defeat of its European allies in the first year of the war, Britain and its Empire continued the fight alone against Germany. In 1940, the Royal Air Force defeated the German Luftwaffe in a struggle for control of the skies in the Battle of Britain. Urban areas suffered heavy bombing during the Blitz. There were also eventual", "title": "United Kingdom" }, { "docid": "12342669", "text": "ruled the northern half of the country for some decades, beginning in 1884, as a colony named German New Guinea. In 1914 after the outbreak of World War I, Australian forces landed and captured German New Guinea in a small military campaign and occupied it throughout the war. After the war, in which Germany and the Central Powers were defeated, the League of Nations authorised Australia to administer this area as a League of Nations mandate territory. The southern half of the country had been colonised in 1884 by the United Kingdom as British New Guinea. With the Papua Act", "title": "Papua New Guinea" }, { "docid": "1138692", "text": "Following the termination of hostilities in World War II, the Allies were in control of the defeated Axis countries. Anticipating the defeat of Germany and Japan, they had already set up the European Advisory Commission and a proposed Far Eastern Advisory Commission to make recommendations for the post war period. Accordingly, they managed their control of the defeated countries through Allied Commissions, often referred to as Allied Control Commissions (ACC), consisting of representatives of the major Allies. Under the provisions of Article 37 in the Armistice with Italy Instrument of Surrender, September 29, 1943, the Control Commission for Italy was", "title": "Allied Commission" }, { "docid": "17762174", "text": "location. The Egyptian government engaged in secret negotiations with Germany about the prospect of Egypt's joining the Axis should the British be defeated in the Western Desert Campaign. Many Egyptian politicians and army officers sought Axis support for removing the occupying British forces from the country. After British forces defeated the initial Italian invasion, Germany entered the North African theatre to save Italian Libya. A series of German victories brought Axis forces within of Cairo, creating great expectation among Egyptian nationalists. However, British victory at El-Alamein heralded the end of Axis advances in Egypt, and the eventual Axis defeat in", "title": "World War II by country" }, { "docid": "5771446", "text": "On September 1, 1939, the armed forces of Nazi Germany invaded Poland from the west initiating World War II. Two weeks later, on September 17, Soviet Union joined Germany in their attack on the Second Polish Republic. By early October, Poland was defeated. The occupied Poland was the only country in Europe where the Nazis had introduced a total ban on regional sports clubs. Football was allowed to be practised only by the Germans in the annexed areas of Upper Silesia. Polish activists and players risked their lives by organizing clandestine football competitions in Kraków, Warsaw and Poznań. Following Molotov–Ribbentrop", "title": "Football in occupied Poland (1939–45)" }, { "docid": "15302339", "text": "\"of the Victorine was the producer Louis Nalpas. During the Second World War, the studios took on greater importance. Following the defeat of France, half of the country was occupied by Germany including the capital at Paris. Nice was located in the southern zone of Vichy France. Many technicians and actors fled south to avoid the Nazis, and found work in productions at the Victorine. Immediately after the war, the studios resumed their subordinate role to Paris and production there was irregular. During a period (2000-2017), they were managed by a private company and were renamed \"\"Studios Riviera\"\" but the\"", "title": "Studios de la Victorine" }, { "docid": "5544524", "text": "\"series of defeats on the British in the Western Desert, Farouk wrote to Hitler promising him that when the Wehrmacht entered the Nile river valley, he would bring Egypt into the war on the Axis side. The American historian Gerhard Weinberg wrote that the fact that Farouk wanted to see his country occupied by Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany was not a sign of great wisdom on his part he never understood \"\"...that Axis rule of Egypt was likely to be far more oppressive than British\"\". During the hardships of the Second World War, criticism was levelled at Farouk for\"", "title": "Farouk of Egypt" }, { "docid": "1900219", "text": "balance between the opponents leading to the collapse of the common German-Bulgarian front there, which caused the exit of Bulgaria from the war, and in turn the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, ending the First World War. With the start of the Second World War, all Balkan countries, with the exception of Greece, were allies of Nazi Germany, having bilateral military agreements or being part of the Axis Pact. Fascist Italy expanded the war in the Balkans by using its protectorate Albania to invade Greece. After repelling the attack, the Greeks counterattacked, invading Italy-held Albania and causing Nazi Germany's intervention", "title": "Balkans" }, { "docid": "9732818", "text": "in which VfB Leipzig defeated DFC Prag 7–2, and was awarded the Viktoria, the championship trophy from 1903 to 1944. Before the formation of the Bundesliga in 1963, the championship format was based on a knockout competition, contested between the winners of each of the country's top regional leagues. Since 1963, the first-place finisher in the Bundesliga has been recognized as the national champion. Championship play was suspended twice; from 1915 to 1919 due to World War I and again from 1945 to 1947 due to World War II. Following World War II, Germany was occupied by the victorious Allies", "title": "List of German football champions" }, { "docid": "13458813", "text": "the option of shifting the German economy to export goods to pay the bills or going to war and paying the debts off from looting profits extracted from conquered states. With the unification of Germany and Austria in 1938, the Reichsmark replaced the Schilling in Austria. During the Second World War, Germany established fixed exchange rates between the Reichsmark and the currencies of the occupied and allied countries, often set so as to give the Germans economic benefits. The rates were as follows: After the Second World War, the Reichsmark continued to circulate in Germany, but with new banknotes (Allied", "title": "Reichsmark" }, { "docid": "17422925", "text": "the Rhenish-Hessian area was awarded to Hesse-Darmstadt, thereby likewise putting Welgesheim in the Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt, which was surrounded by the Bavarian Palatinate in the south, the Prussian Governmental Region of Koblenz in the west and the Duchy of Nassau in the north. This was the case for a hundred years, until Germany’s defeat in the First World War, when the Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt was dissolved. Thereafter the region of Rhenish Hesse belonged to the People's State of Hesse, which existed until 1945. After the Federal Republic of Germany was founded in the wake of the Second World", "title": "Welgesheim" }, { "docid": "8803986", "text": "\"critical of Germany, which it considered the only country that \"\"wished to attack Denmark,\"\" to quote an 1872 edition. This nationalist sentiment was a reaction to Germany's annexation of large portions of southern Jutland following the Second War of Schleswig in 1864. Editorially the newspaper supported the Danish minority in Germany and advocated for a new border located at the Danevirke. Throughout World War I \"\"Jyllands-Posten\"\" continued its verbal attacks on Germany despite the government's policy of neutrality in the conflict. In 1918, the newspaper was outlawed in Germany. In 1929, the paper established an office in Copenhagen, and established\"", "title": "Jyllands-Posten" }, { "docid": "6482541", "text": "\"(the \"\"Austauschbauart\"\" class with interchangeable parts) dominated goods traffic in Germany up to the Second World War and had a significant impact in many other countries which acquired these wagons either through war reparations or simply because they were left behind by the Germans after the two world wars. From 1939, wagons were developed primarily from a military point of view and were known as wartime classes (\"\"Kriegsbauart\"\"). After the war, in East Germany, some pre-war goods wagon classes were given a new lease of life as ‘reconstructed goods wagons’ (\"\"Reko-Güterwagen\"\") and continued in service for several more decades. Since\"", "title": "Goods wagon" }, { "docid": "11546412", "text": "two countries were abruptly terminated when Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941, in violation of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. Germany lacks natural resources, including several key raw materials needed for economic and military operations. Since the late 19th century, it had relied heavily upon Russian imports for such materials. Before World War I, Germany had annually imported 1.5 billion Reichsmarks of raw materials and other goods from Russia. However, the economies of the two countries differed greatly before World War I. Germany had grown into the second-largest trading economy in the world, with a highly skilled workforce largely dominated", "title": "Nazi–Soviet economic relations (1934–41)" }, { "docid": "6320466", "text": "to portray the limited cooperation between the Third Reich and Imperial Japan as a long-planned conspiracy to divide the world among the two Axis-partners and thereby delivering just another demonstration of the common viciousness expressed by alleged joint long-term war plans. Although there was a limited and cautious military cooperation between Japan and Germany during the Second World War, no documents corroborating any long-term planning or real coordination of military operations of both powers exist. After their defeat in World War II, both Japan and Germany were occupied. Japan regained its sovereignty with the Treaty of San Francisco in 1952", "title": "Germany–Japan relations" }, { "docid": "16647685", "text": "\"or pastors. The aftermath of the second siege of Vienna led to a series of wars between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League, known as the \"\"Great Turkish War\"\", or the \"\"War of the Holy League\"\", which led to a series of Ottoman defeats. Consequently, more Turks were taken by the Europeans as prisoners. The Turkish captives taken to Germany were not solely made up of men. For example, General Schöning took \"\"two of the most beautiful women in the world\"\" in Buda who later converted to Christianity. Another Turkish captive named Fatima became the mistress of Augustus II\"", "title": "Turks in Germany" }, { "docid": "6303010", "text": "The German Dharmaduta Society is an organization established to promote Buddhism in Germany and other Western Countries, and was founded by Asoka Weeraratna, in Colombo, Sri Lanka on 21 September 1952. The idea of forming a Society to propagate Buddhism in Germany and other western countries dawned on Asoka Weeraratna, then a young businessman dealing in jewellery and Swiss wristwatches, while he was on his first business visit to Germany in 1951. Asoka Weeraratna became aware of the spiritual hunger in Germany, which was slowly recovering from total devastation due to the Second World War, and the search for an", "title": "German Dharmaduta Society" }, { "docid": "9732815", "text": "by Hamburg club Altona 93 in 1903 in which VfB Leipzig defeated DFC Prag 7–2. Before the formation of the Bundesliga in 1963, the championship format was based on a knockout competition, contested between the winners of each of the country's top regional leagues. Since 1963, the first-place finisher in the Bundesliga has been recognized as the national champion. Championship play was suspended twice; from 1915 to 1919 due to World War I and again from 1945 to 1947 due to World War II. Following World War II, Germany was occupied by the victorious Allies and two German football competitions", "title": "List of German football champions" }, { "docid": "7213000", "text": "5 million non-Jews in what became known as the Holocaust. World War II resulted in the destruction of Germany's political and economic infrastructure and led directly to its partition, considerable loss of territory (especially in the East), and historical legacy of guilt and shame. As a consequence of the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945 and the onset of the Cold War in 1947, the country was split between the two global blocs in the East and West, a period known as the division of Germany. Millions of refugees from Central and Eastern Europe moved west, most of them to", "title": "History of Germany" }, { "docid": "985661", "text": "fled, some were executed trying to cross the border. In the aftermath of World War II and the defeat of Nazi Germany, the country became initially a satellite state of the Soviet Union and Enver Hoxha emerged consequently as the leader of the newly established People's Republic of Albania. At this point, the country started to develop foreign relations with other communist countries among others with the People's Republic of China. During this period, the country experienced an increasing industrialisation, a rapid collectivisation and an economic growth which led to a higher standard of living. The government called for the", "title": "Albania" }, { "docid": "11096787", "text": "and Bavaria. The complete Prussian and German victory brought about the final unification of Germany under King Wilhelm I of Prussia. It also marked the downfall of Napoleon III and the end of the Second French Empire, which was replaced by the Third Republic. As part of the settlement, almost all of the territory of Alsace-Lorraine was taken by Prussia to become a part of Germany, which it would retain until the end of World War I. The French Third Republic was the republican government of France between the end of the Second French Empire following the defeat of Louis-Napoléon", "title": "Modern history" }, { "docid": "6577048", "text": "\"outside the former Soviet Union (see Eastern Front). There is a significant difference between this phrase and \"\"World War II\"\" or \"\"the Second World War\"\", as the Soviet term does not cover the initial phase of World War II during which the USSR, then still in a non-aggression pact with Germany, occupied six European countries, namely Poland (1939), Finland (1939), the Baltic states (1940) and Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina (1940). The term does also not refer to the Soviet Union's 1941 invasion of Iran alongside Britain, the war with Japan (which included the Soviet–Japanese War) nor the war on the\"", "title": "Great Patriotic War (term)" }, { "docid": "17896496", "text": "\"U.S. Congress' refusal to go along, but because it became irrelevant upon Hitler's rise to power. After Germany’s defeat in World War II, an international conference (London Agreement on German External Debts, 1953) decided that Germany would pay the remaining debt only after the country was reunified. Nonetheless, West Germany paid off the principal by 1980; then in 1995, after reunification, the new German government announced it would resume payments of the interest. Germany was due to pay off the interest to the United States in 2010, and to other countries in 2020. In 2010, \"\"Time\"\" reported that Germany made\"", "title": "Young Plan" }, { "docid": "9835398", "text": "as the Independent State of Croatia, a puppet state of Nazi Germany. There were 25 fighter aces from the Independent State of Croatia during the Second World War. For more information, see List of World War II aces from Croatia. There were more than 30 aces from Czechoslovakia during the Second World War. For more information, see List of World War II aces from Czechoslovakia There were 3 fighter aces from Denmark during the Second World War. For further information, see List of World War II aces from Denmark. There were 96 fighter aces from Finland during the Second World", "title": "List of World War II flying aces by country" }, { "docid": "15631467", "text": "played his last game for Wednesday and last official career game in a 0–1 home defeat to Plymouth Argyle on 2 September 1939, the day that Britain declared war on Germany. Wednesday held his registration throughout the Second World War, meaning he was on their books for 14 years. He played 96 games for Wednesday during the war appearing in the 1943 (North) War Cup Final which Wednesday lost to Blackpool over two legs. It was in the second leg of this final that Catlin was badly injured in a collision with Blackpool's Jock Dodds, an injury which effectively ended", "title": "Ted Catlin" }, { "docid": "6003158", "text": "\"Germany alone as \"\"grasping for world power\"\" when this was a centuries-old European tradition. It was not until after World War II that many European colonial subjects finally won their independence. Even after the conclusion on the Second World War, France refused to relinquish control over Indochina. Moreover, Fischer's timetable has also been criticized as inaccurate. Hollweg's Septemberprogramm, outlining German war aims, was not produced until after the war had begun and was still going well for Germany. At the same time, other powers had been harboring similarly grandiose plans for post-war territorial gains. Since its defeat in the Franco-Prussian\"", "title": "Fritz Fischer" }, { "docid": "11546393", "text": "Overall, however, Nazism – being the ideology and practices of the Nazi Party, and the Nazi Party being the manifestation of Hitler's will – is best seen as essentially revolutionary in nature. Following Nazi Germany's defeat in World War II and the end of the Holocaust, overt expressions of support for Nazi ideas were prohibited in Germany and other European countries. Nonetheless, movements which self-identify as National Socialist or which are described as adhering to National Socialism continue to exist on the fringes of politics in many western societies. Usually espousing a white supremacist ideology, many deliberately adopt the symbols", "title": "Nazism" }, { "docid": "17465591", "text": "The second phase consisted of large-scale ground combat (supported by a massive air war considered to be an additional front), which began in June 1944 with the Allied landings in Normandy and continued until the defeat of Germany in May 1945. The Phoney War was an early phase of World War II marked by a few military operations in Continental Europe in the months following the German invasion of Poland and preceding the Battle of France. Although the great powers of Europe had declared war on one another, neither side had yet committed to launching a significant attack, and there", "title": "Western Front (World War II)" }, { "docid": "10982015", "text": "\"of the countries of Western Europe, leaving the United Kingdom alone to combat Germany. Germany's planned invasion of the UK, Operation Sea Lion, was averted by its failure to establish air superiority in the Battle of Britain. At the same time, war with Japan in East Asia seemed increasingly likely. Although the U.S. was not yet at war with either Germany or Japan, it met with the UK on several occasions to formulate joint strategies. In the 29 March 1941 report of the ABC-1 conference, the Americans and British agreed that their strategic objectives were: (1) \"\"The early defeat of\"", "title": "Military history of the United States during World War II" }, { "docid": "7344095", "text": "\"She scored and won the game for the United States. Chastain famously dropped to her knees and whipped off her shirt, celebrating in her sports bra, which later made the cover of \"\"Sports Illustrated\"\" and the front pages of newspapers around the country and world. Perhaps the second most influential victory came on July 10, 2011, in the quarterfinal of the 2011 Women's World Cup in Germany, where the U.S. defeated Brazil 5–3 on penalty kicks. Brazil had annihilated the USA in the previous world cup (2007), handing the USA their worst defeat in the history of the program: 4–0\"", "title": "History of the United States women's national soccer team" }, { "docid": "2226753", "text": "countries in spring of 1945. Later, the Empire of Japan surrendered shortly after the second atomic bomb devastated their country. In the post-war years, tensions between two of the victorious powers, the United States and the Soviet Union emerged. The former was growing ever more capitalistic and the latter pursued communism. Germany, not only geographically located in the center of Europe, was the center of the divided between the powers. Germany, especially its capital, Berlin, was partitioned by the victors of the Second World War; there were a few parts but the major division was east-west dividing the capitalist countries", "title": "Berlin Wall Monument (Chicago)" }, { "docid": "9423122", "text": "The Lausanne Conference was a 1932 meeting of representatives from Great Britain, Germany, and France that resulted in an agreement to suspend World War I reparations payments imposed on the defeated countries by the Treaty of Versailles. Held from June 16 to July 9, 1932, it was named for its location in Lausanne, Switzerland. A moratorium had been placed on the war reparations payments in 1931 and a year later the delegates to the Lausanne Conference realized that the deepening world financial crisis in the Great Depression made it nearly impossible for Germany to resume its payments. However, Britain and", "title": "Lausanne Conference of 1932" }, { "docid": "14809462", "text": "the outbreak of World War I. Immediately after the outbreak of World War I, Bernstein travelled from Germany to Britain to meet with British Labour Party leader Ramsay MacDonald. Bernstein regarded the outbreak of the war with great dismay, but even though the two countries were at war with one another he honoured Bernstein at the meeting. In spite of Bernstein's and other social democrats' attempts to secure the unity of the Second International, with national tensions increasing between the countries at war, the Second International collapsed in 1914. Anti-war members of the SPD refused to support finances being given", "title": "Social democracy" }, { "docid": "13149369", "text": "Ataman of the Don Cossack Host. With support from Germany, he equipped the army, which would oust the Soviets from the Don region in May–June 1918. By the middle of June, a Don Army was in the field with 40,000 men, 56 guns and 179 machine-guns. In the second half of 1918, Krasnov advanced towards Povorino-Kamyshin-Tsaritsyn, intending to march on Moscow, but was defeated. After Germany's defeat in World War I, he set his sights on the Entente powers in his search for allies. In January 1919, Krasnov was forced to acknowledge General Denikin's authority over the White movement, despite", "title": "Pyotr Krasnov" }, { "docid": "17762255", "text": "1945, with reciprocal effect dating back to 7 December 1941. The delay was because it had been impossible for the parliament to convene during the German occupation. Several hundred Norwegian sailors died when their ships were sunk by Japanese forces or during subsequent captivity. After the war, Norway became one of the founding members of NATO. The Sultan of Oman declared war on Germany on September 10, 1939. During the Second World War, Great Britain recognised the strategic importance of Oman’s geographical location by expanding facilities throughout the country. A new airfield was built on Masirah Island, which, from 1943", "title": "World War II by country" }, { "docid": "1115817", "text": "by Hitler. Youth had played a great in the Second World War to defeat the forces of Germany, Japan and Italy. The WFDY was the result of this young optimism after Second World War. The conference elected a council of 121 members, which in turn elected a 37-member executive committee and office bearers. The famous film personality Balraj Sahani was elected president of the AIYF and Sarada Mitra the general secretary. Among the vice-presidents were P.K. Vasudevan Nair, Chintamani Panigrahi, Krishna Chandra Chaudhary, Sukumar Gupta and Satyanarayan. Vasudevan Nair also acted as the chairman of the Executive Committee. The secretaries", "title": "All India Youth Federation" }, { "docid": "6319358", "text": "to withstand Brazil's star quality strikers. Germany's playmaker Michael Ballack was suspended for the final after picking his second yellow card of the tournament in the semi-final against South Korea. Two goals from Ronaldo in the middle of the second half decided the match in favour of the South Americans and ensured their record fifth title. Despite defeating host country Brazil 7–1, Germany was supported by the home fans due to Brazil's rivalry with Argentina . This record third match-up of two teams in World Cup finals saw good chances for both sides in regular time, but stayed goalless until", "title": "Germany at the FIFA World Cup" }, { "docid": "13532754", "text": "\"French revanchism influenced the Treaty of Versailles of 1919 following the end of World War I, which restored Alsace-Lorraine to France and extracted reparations from the defeated Germany. The conference was not only opened on the anniversary of the proclamation of the \"\"Second Reich\"\", the treaty also had to be signed by the new German government in the same room, the Hall of Mirrors. A German revanchist movement developed in response to the losses of World War I. Pan-Germanists within the Weimar Republic called for the reclamation of the property of a German state due to pre-war borders or because\"", "title": "Revanchism" }, { "docid": "10829816", "text": "\"\"\"Federal Republic of Germany\"\" were among exiled government supporters of Porfirio Díaz, for the revolutionary movement reached the port of Bremerhaven in 1911; but had to migrate to other countries due to the war events of World War II. Mexicans who had migrated to Europe as a result of the Mexican Revolution, the beginning of the war events that arose in the countries of Central Europe forced them to migrate to other European countries, such as Spain and Switzerland, which were neutral. In the concentration camps in Germany alone it has been recorded that five Mexicans were interned during World\"", "title": "Mexicans in Germany" }, { "docid": "14935601", "text": "Britain; the mother country's defeat would leave little hope for the colony in the post-war world, he said. This stand was almost unanimously supported by the white populace, as well as most of the coloured community, though with World War I a recent memory this was more out of a sense of patriotic duty than enthusiasm for war in itself. The majority of the black population paid little attention to the outbreak of war. The British had expected Italy—with its African possessions—to join the war on Germany's side as soon as it began, but fortunately for the Allies this did", "title": "Southern Rhodesia in World War II" }, { "docid": "18002245", "text": "Œuvre de Secours aux Enfants (, Children's Aid Society), abbreviated OSE, is a French Jewish humanitarian organization which assisted mainly Jewish refugee children, both from France and from other Western European countries, before and during World War II. During World War II, OSE rescued children from extermination by Nazi Germany. OSE also operated after World War II. During the most important period of its work, immediately after the German defeat of France in 1940, OSE operated mainly in unoccupied southern France, controlled by the pro-German Vichy France government. However, many children helped by OSE were from the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg,", "title": "Œuvre de secours aux enfants" }, { "docid": "7328393", "text": "neutral during the First World War, but during the Second World War, it was invaded and occupied by Nazi Germany. The Nazis, including many collaborators, rounded up and killed almost all of the country's Jewish population. When the Dutch resistance increased, the Nazis cut off food supplies to much of the country, causing severe starvation in 1944–45. In 1942, the Dutch East Indies were conquered by Japan, but prior to this; the Dutch destroyed the oil wells for which Japan was desperate. Indonesia proclaimed its independence from the Netherlands in 1945, followed by Suriname in 1975. The post-war years saw", "title": "History of the Netherlands" }, { "docid": "15693720", "text": "France, but not by the USA. As it became evident that the Allies were going to defeat Nazi Germany decisively, the question arose as to how to redraw the borders of Central and Eastern European countries after the war. In the context of those decisions, the problem arose of what to do about ethnic minorities within the redrawn borders. The territorial changes at the end of World War II were part of negotiated agreements between the victorious Allies to redraw national borders and arrange for deportation of all Germans that were east of the Oder–Neisse line. The Allies occupied Germany,", "title": "Territorial evolution of Germany" }, { "docid": "17462854", "text": "and collaboration. After the Second World War, some of the territory of the defeated Axis powers came under occupation by the Western Allies. Germany and Austria were divided among American, British, French and Soviet control. In 1949 the American, British and French sectors in Germany became the Federal Republic of Germany, or West Germany, while the Soviet sector became the German Democratic Republic, or East Germany. All four of the Austrian occupation sectors became the Republic of Austria, or Second Austrian Republic. Austria became a neutral state but Italy, West Germany and a mix of wartime Western Allies and some", "title": "Western Allies" }, { "docid": "15323028", "text": "\"the new country of Czechoslovakia. The \"\"Sudeten crisis\"\" of 1938 was provoked by the Pan-Germanist demands of Germany that the Sudetenland be annexed to Germany, which happened after the later Munich Agreement. Part of the borderland was invaded and annexed by Poland. When Czechoslovakia was reconstituted after the Second World War, the Sudeten Germans were expelled and the region today is inhabited almost exclusively by Czech speakers. The word \"\"Sudetenland\"\" is a German compound of \"\"Land\"\", meaning \"\"country\"\", and \"\"Sudeten\"\", the name of the Sudeten Mountains, which run along the northern Czech border and Lower Silesia (now in Poland). The\"", "title": "Sudetenland" }, { "docid": "9732798", "text": "\"This is a list of German far-right periodicals (post-1945). In post-World War II Germany, after the defeat of the Nazis and Nazi Germany, the far-right was outlawed by the Allied occupation forces, preventing political continuity of the Nazi Party in a new, post-war form. In West Germany, reformed far-right parties were able to reestablish a foot hold in the national parliament in the early years of the new Federal Republic, courtesy in part to the post-war issues the new country faced. With the recovery of the German economy, the \"\"Wirtschaftswunder\"\", the far-right declined in appeal. The far-right, from the 1960s,\"", "title": "List of German far-right periodicals (post-1945)" }, { "docid": "9732803", "text": "\"This is a list of German far-right publishers (post-1945). In post-World War II Germany, after the defeat of the Nazis and Nazi Germany, the far-right was outlawed by the Allied occupation forces, preventing political continuity of the Nazi Party in a new, post-war form. In West Germany, reformed far-right parties were able to reestablish a foot hold in the national parliament in the early years of the new Federal Republic, courtesy in part to the post-war issues the new country faced. With the recovery of the German economy, the \"\"Wirtschaftswunder\"\", the far-right declined in appeal. The far-right, from the 1960s,\"", "title": "List of German far-right publishers (post-1945)" }, { "docid": "16927257", "text": "\"Unterfeldwebel (lit. \"\"Under Field Sergeant\"\") Was a rank of the East German National People's Army from 1956 to 1990. It was also used in the armed forces of Nazi Germany, the Wehrmacht, from 1935 until 1945, when Nazi Germany was defeated in The Second World War. The equivalent to \"\"Unterfeldwebel\"\" in the Bundeswehr of West Germany and later the Federal Republic of Germany is the rank Stabsunteroffizier (OR-5). Unterfeldwebel (in Cavalry, Artillery, and \"\"Armoured corps\"\": Unterwachtmeister) was in Germany the designation to a person in uniform with the second lowest NCO-rank (after Unteroffizier). It was counted to the rank-group Unteroffiziere\"", "title": "Unterfeldwebel" }, { "docid": "9103568", "text": "with transfers of agricultural produce to Germany resulted in famine. It is estimated that the Greek population declined by 7% during the Second World War. Greece experienced hyperinflation during the war. In 1943, prices were 34,864% higher compared to those of 1940; in 1944, prices were 163,910,000,000% higher compared to the 1940 prices. The Greek hyperinflation is the fifth worst in economic history, after Hungary's following World War II, Zimbabwe's in the late 2000s, Yugoslavia's in the middle 1990s, and Germany's following World War I. This was compounded by the country's disastrous civil war from 1944–1950. Greek economy was in", "title": "Kingdom of Greece" }, { "docid": "17505797", "text": "formed the main forces of the Lapua Movement's abortive coup d'état, the Mäntsälä Rebellion in 1932. White Guardsmen served in the regular army during the Second World War. The White Guard was disbanded according to the terms of the Finno-Soviet peace treaty after the Second World War. Similar militias existed in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, lands that, like Finland, were under Russian sovereignty until the end of World War I. These militias remained in existence until World War II, evolving somewhat into home guard militias. The phenomenon should be distinguished from the Freikorps established in Germany after its defeat in", "title": "White Guard (Finland)" }, { "docid": "5793031", "text": "100,000 Spanish civilian workers were sent to Germany to help maintain industrial production to free up able bodied German men for military service. Despite strong pro-Axis leanings, Spain managed to end World War II as one of only five (non micro-state) European countries to avoid entering the war. Perhaps the most important aspect of Sweden's relations with Nazi Germany before and during the Second World War was the extensive export of iron ore to be used in the German arms industry. As Germany's preparations for war became more apparent and the risk of another war became obvious, international interest in", "title": "Foreign relations of the Axis powers" }, { "docid": "7536618", "text": "armistice negotiations with the Allies. These ended when Nazi Germany invaded and occupied the country and set up the pro-Axis Government of National Unity. Both Hungarian and German forces stationed in Hungary were subsequently defeated when the Soviet Union invaded the country in late 1944. Toward the end of World War II, the Soviet Army occupied Hungary, with the country coming under the Soviet Union's sphere of influence. Immediately after World War II, Hungary was a multiparty democracy, and elections in 1945 produced a coalition government under Prime Minister Zoltán Tildy. However, the Hungarian Communist Party, a Marxist–Leninist group who", "title": "Hungarian Revolution of 1956" }, { "docid": "2547970", "text": "\"through the \"\"Zollverein\"\" (German customs union), and uniting Germans under one proud flag after the defeat of France in the Franco Prussian War in 1871. After World War II, various historians of Germany sought to re-examine the German past, in part to understand the immediate German past and the Holocaust, and in part to understand Germany's supposed democratic deficit: Theoretically, Germans were inexperienced with democracy and self-government because their experience in unification came under the leadership of the least democratic of the German states (Prussia). This inevitably led to, first, World War I, and second the failure of the Weimar\"", "title": "Borussian myth" }, { "docid": "4437035", "text": "\"At the outset of World War II, Denmark declared itself neutral. For most of the war, the country was a protectorate, then an occupied territory of Germany. The decision to occupy Denmark was taken in Berlin on 17 December 1939. On 9 April 1940, Germany occupied Denmark in Operation Weserübung and the king and government functioned as normal in a \"\"de facto\"\" protectorate over the country until 29 August 1943, when Germany placed Denmark under direct military occupation, which lasted until the Allied victory on 5 May 1945. Contrary to the situation in other countries under German occupation, most Danish\"", "title": "Denmark in World War II" }, { "docid": "17337703", "text": "Second Punic Wars. Some war reparations induced changes in monetary policy. For example, the French payment following the Franco-Prussian war played a major role in Germany's decision to adopt the gold standard. The 230 million silver taels in reparations imposed on defeated China after the First Sino-Japanese War led Japan to a similar decision. Following the Treaty of Paris (1815), defeated France was ordered to pay 700 million francs in indemnities. France was also to pay additional money to cover the cost of providing additional defensive fortifications to be built by neighbouring Coalition countries. In proportion to its GDP, it's", "title": "War reparations" } ]
[ { "docid": "7289168", "text": "had already modernised and became an industrialised country during its Meiji period, which happened long before Japan's defeat in the Second World War. Japan was probably the first country in East Asia that industrialised successfully. It quickly became one of the imperialist and colonial powers. Japan defeated the Qing dynasty of China in 1894, and subsequently defeated Russia in 1905. Korea and Taiwan were annexed by the Japanese Empire later. When Japan invaded China in 1931, it had already finished its industrialising process and had enough industrial power to wage a war itself. Japan's navy was among one of the", "title": "History of modernisation theory" }, { "docid": "6590267", "text": "relations with the latter. The Balkan League which included Bulgaria and Greece defeated the Ottomans in the First Balkan War. The League broke at the conclusion of the war, with the former participants and Romania soundly defeating Bulgaria in the Second Balkan War. At the Treaty of Bucharest (1913), Romania supported Greek claims to Kavala, whereas Venizelos granted concessions to the Aromanians. The Vlach Question which had already lost steam due to Romanian gains in north Bulgaria came to a conclusion. The Greco–Romanian alliance was further solidified during World War I when both countries sided with the Triple Entente. In", "title": "Greece–Romania relations" } ]
4765871946129153693
"আরব-ইসরায়েলি যুদ্ধে আরবের মোট কয়জন স(...TRUNCATED)
[ "unknown" ]
[{"docid":"16923297","text":"\"Soldier's Square or Square of the Unknown Soldier ( \"\"Midan al-Jund(...TRUNCATED)
[{"docid":"264675","text":"later from his wounds. Though rarely engaged in combat, 43 Lebanese soldi(...TRUNCATED)
-420328556017322612
"বিশ্বে প্রথম পুঁজিবাদী সমাজ কবে গড়ে ও(...TRUNCATED)
[ "17th century" ]
[{"docid":"17971252","text":"\"The Zilsel thesis in the history and philosophy of science proposes a(...TRUNCATED)
[{"docid":"14687378","text":"\"than for own use. The initial result is known as \"\"merchant capital(...TRUNCATED)
-4747113494541566005
"প্রথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধের আনুষ্ঠানিক সূচনা(...TRUNCATED)
[ "28 July 1914" ]
[{"docid":"1762946","text":"\"On 28 July 1914, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. Within days, (...TRUNCATED)
[{"docid":"1761198","text":"\"under \"\"de facto\"\" joint occupation during that period but the Aus(...TRUNCATED)
-5956394326713149186
"মানুষের উদ্ভবের ও বিকাশের বিবর্তন তত(...TRUNCATED)
[ "Georges Cuvier" ]
[{"docid":"6276166","text":"\"he later would name as a mastodon, and that a large skeleton dug up in(...TRUNCATED)
[{"docid":"15003607","text":"\"Origin of Human Nature: A Zen Buddhist Looks at Evolution\"\" (2008) (...TRUNCATED)
6963456283897747354
"মানুষের উদ্ভবের ও বিকাশের বিবর্তন তত(...TRUNCATED)
[ "Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace" ]
[{"docid":"10328087","text":"\"a coherent theory of evolution, who discussed human evolution in this(...TRUNCATED)
[{"docid":"764439","text":"\"Darwin) or atheists (most notably Richard Dawkins), from the outset man(...TRUNCATED)
7261113909385711562
"মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের রিপাবলিকান প(...TRUNCATED)
[ "Abraham Lincoln" ]
[{"docid":"48902","text":"The 1860 United States elections elected the members of the 37th United St(...TRUNCATED)
[{"docid":"7343831","text":"\"and then you will be a murderer!\"\" The election of Lincoln in 1860 o(...TRUNCATED)
7152662467309168284
উইকিপিডিয়ার বর্তমান মালিক কে ?
[ "Jimmy Donal Wales" ]
[{"docid":"8387399","text":"Jimmy Donal Wales (born August 7, 1966), also known by the online monike(...TRUNCATED)
[{"docid":"8387412","text":"\"Originally, Bomis planned to make Wikipedia a profitable business. San(...TRUNCATED)
-5793800331448495746
ইসলামী যুগ আনুমানিক কবে থেকে শুরু হয় ?
[ "7th century" ]
[{"docid":"11729457","text":"waves for several centuries, was accompanied with further migration to (...TRUNCATED)
[{"docid":"7957884","text":"as he had invited other kingdoms and empires of his time such as Byzanti(...TRUNCATED)

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