Datasets:

anujsahani01

/

Custom_Dataset_CodeGen

like 1

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: from typing import List def has_close_elements(numbers: List[float], threshold: float) -> bool: """ Check if in given list of numbers, are any two numbers closer to each other than given threshold. False True """

for idx, elem in enumerate(numbers): for idx2, elem2 in enumerate(numbers): if idx != idx2: distance = abs(elem - elem2) if distance < threshold: return True return False

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: from typing import List def separate_paren_groups(paren_string: str) -> List[str]: """ Input to this function is a string containing multiple groups of nested parentheses. Your goal is to separate those group into separate strings and return the list of those. Separate groups are balanced (each open brace is properly closed) and not nested within each other Ignore any spaces in the input string. ['()', '(())', '(()())'] """

result = [] current_string = [] current_depth = 0 for c in paren_string: if c == '(': current_depth += 1 current_string.append(c) elif c == ')': current_depth -= 1 current_string.append(c) if current_depth == 0: result.append(''.join(current_string)) current_string.clear() return result

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def truncate_number(number: float) -> float: """ Given a positive floating point number, it can be decomposed into and integer part (largest integer smaller than given number) and decimals (leftover part always smaller than 1). Return the decimal part of the number. 0.5 """

return number % 1.0

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: from typing import List def below_zero(operations: List[int]) -> bool: """ You're given a list of deposit and withdrawal operations on a bank account that starts with zero balance. Your task is to detect if at any point the balance of account fallls below zero, and at that point function should return True. Otherwise it should return False. False True """

balance = 0 for op in operations: balance += op if balance < 0: return True return False

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: from typing import List def mean_absolute_deviation(numbers: List[float]) -> float: """ For a given list of input numbers, calculate Mean Absolute Deviation around the mean of this dataset. Mean Absolute Deviation is the average absolute difference between each MAD = average | x - x_mean | 1.0 """

mean = sum(numbers) / len(numbers) return sum(abs(x - mean) for x in numbers) / len(numbers)

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: from typing import List def intersperse(numbers: List[int], delimeter: int) -> List[int]: """ Insert a number 'delimeter' between every two consecutive elements of input list `numbers' [] [1, 4, 2, 4, 3] """

if not numbers: return [] result = [] for n in numbers[:-1]: result.append(n) result.append(delimeter) result.append(numbers[-1]) return result

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: from typing import List def parse_nested_parens(paren_string: str) -> List[int]: """ Input to this function is a string represented multiple groups for nested parentheses separated by spaces. For each of the group, output the deepest level of nesting of parentheses. E.g. (()()) has maximum two levels of nesting while ((())) has three. [2, 3, 1, 3] """

def parse_paren_group(s): depth = 0 max_depth = 0 for c in s: if c == '(': depth += 1 max_depth = max(depth, max_depth) else: depth -= 1 return max_depth return [parse_paren_group(x) for x in paren_string.split(' ') if x]

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: from typing import List def filter_by_substring(strings: List[str], substring: str) -> List[str]: """ Filter an input list of strings only for ones that contain given substring [] ['abc', 'bacd', 'array'] """

return [x for x in strings if substring in x]

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: from typing import List, Tuple def sum_product(numbers: List[int]) -> Tuple[int, int]: """ For a given list of integers, return a tuple consisting of a sum and a product of all the integers in a list. Empty sum should be equal to 0 and empty product should be equal to 1. (0, 1) (10, 24) """

sum_value = 0 prod_value = 1 for n in numbers: sum_value += n prod_value *= n return sum_value, prod_value

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: from typing import List, Tuple def rolling_max(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]: """ From a given list of integers, generate a list of rolling maximum element found until given moment in the sequence. [1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4] """

running_max = None result = [] for n in numbers: if running_max is None: running_max = n else: running_max = max(running_max, n) result.append(running_max) return result

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def is_palindrome(string: str) -> bool: """ Test if given string is a palindrome """ return string == string[::-1] def make_palindrome(string: str) -> str: """ Find the shortest palindrome that begins with a supplied string. Algorithm idea is simple: - Find the longest postfix of supplied string that is a palindrome. - Append to the end of the string reverse of a string prefix that comes before the palindromic suffix. >>> make_palindrome('') '' >>> make_palindrome('cat') 'catac' >>> make_palindrome('cata') 'catac' """

if not string: return '' beginning_of_suffix = 0 while not is_palindrome(string[beginning_of_suffix:]): beginning_of_suffix += 1 return string + string[:beginning_of_suffix][::-1]

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: from typing import List def string_xor(a: str, b: str) -> str: """ Input are two strings a and b consisting only of 1s and 0s. Perform binary XOR on these inputs and return result also as a string. '100' """

def xor(i, j): if i == j: return '0' else: return '1' return ''.join(xor(x, y) for x, y in zip(a, b))

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: from typing import List, Optional def longest(strings: List[str]) -> Optional[str]: """ Out of list of strings, return the longest one. Return the first one in case of multiple strings of the same length. Return None in case the input list is empty. 'a' 'ccc' """

if not strings: return None maxlen = max(len(x) for x in strings) for s in strings: if len(s) == maxlen: return s

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def greatest_common_divisor(a: int, b: int) -> int: """ Return a greatest common divisor of two integers a and b 1 5 """

while b: a, b = b, a % b return a

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: from typing import List def all_prefixes(string: str) -> List[str]: """ Return list of all prefixes from shortest to longest of the input string ['a', 'ab', 'abc'] """

result = [] for i in range(len(string)): result.append(string[:i+1]) return result

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def string_sequence(n: int) -> str: """ Return a string containing space-delimited numbers starting from 0 upto n inclusive. '0' '0 1 2 3 4 5' """

return ' '.join([str(x) for x in range(n + 1)])

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def count_distinct_characters(string: str) -> int: """ Given a string, find out how many distinct characters (regardless of case) does it consist of 3 4 """

return len(set(string.lower()))

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: from typing import List def parse_music(music_string: str) -> List[int]: """ Input to this function is a string representing musical notes in a special ASCII format. Your task is to parse this string and return list of integers corresponding to how many beats does each not last. 'o' - whole note, lasts four beats 'o|' - half note, lasts two beats '.|' - quater note, lasts one beat [4, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 4] """

note_map = {'o': 4, 'o|': 2, '.|': 1} return [note_map[x] for x in music_string.split(' ') if x]

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def how_many_times(string: str, substring: str) -> int: """ Find how many times a given substring can be found in the original string. Count overlaping cases. 0 3 3 """

times = 0 for i in range(len(string) - len(substring) + 1): if string[i:i+len(substring)] == substring: times += 1 return times

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: from typing import List def sort_numbers(numbers: str) -> str: """ Input is a space-delimited string of numberals from 'zero' to 'nine'. Valid choices are 'zero', 'one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five', 'six', 'seven', 'eight' and 'nine'. Return the string with numbers sorted from smallest to largest 'one three five' """

value_map = { 'zero': 0, 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3, 'four': 4, 'five': 5, 'six': 6, 'seven': 7, 'eight': 8, 'nine': 9 } return ' '.join(sorted([x for x in numbers.split(' ') if x], key=lambda x: value_map[x]))

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: from typing import List, Tuple def find_closest_elements(numbers: List[float]) -> Tuple[float, float]: """ From a supplied list of numbers (of length at least two) select and return two that are the closest to each other and return them in order (smaller number, larger number). (2.0, 2.2) (2.0, 2.0) """

closest_pair = None distance = None for idx, elem in enumerate(numbers): for idx2, elem2 in enumerate(numbers): if idx != idx2: if distance is None: distance = abs(elem - elem2) closest_pair = tuple(sorted([elem, elem2])) else: new_distance = abs(elem - elem2) if new_distance < distance: distance = new_distance closest_pair = tuple(sorted([elem, elem2])) return closest_pair

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: from typing import List def rescale_to_unit(numbers: List[float]) -> List[float]: """ Given list of numbers (of at least two elements), apply a linear transform to that list, such that the smallest number will become 0 and the largest will become 1 [0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0] """

min_number = min(numbers) max_number = max(numbers) return [(x - min_number) / (max_number - min_number) for x in numbers]

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: from typing import List, Any def filter_integers(values: List[Any]) -> List[int]: """ Filter given list of any python values only for integers [5] [1, 2, 3] """

return [x for x in values if isinstance(x, int)]

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def strlen(string: str) -> int: """ Return length of given string 0 3 """

return len(string)

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def largest_divisor(n: int) -> int: """ For a given number n, find the largest number that divides n evenly, smaller than n 5 """

for i in reversed(range(n)): if n % i == 0: return i

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: from typing import List def factorize(n: int) -> List[int]: """ Return list of prime factors of given integer in the order from smallest to largest. Each of the factors should be listed number of times corresponding to how many times it appeares in factorization. Input number should be equal to the product of all factors [2, 2, 2] [5, 5] [2, 5, 7] """

import math fact = [] i = 2 while i <= int(math.sqrt(n) + 1): if n % i == 0: fact.append(i) n //= i else: i += 1 if n > 1: fact.append(n) return fact

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: from typing import List def remove_duplicates(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]: """ From a list of integers, remove all elements that occur more than once. Keep order of elements left the same as in the input. [1, 3, 4] """

import collections c = collections.Counter(numbers) return [n for n in numbers if c[n] <= 1]

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def flip_case(string: str) -> str: """ For a given string, flip lowercase characters to uppercase and uppercase to lowercase. 'hELLO' """

return string.swapcase()

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: from typing import List def concatenate(strings: List[str]) -> str: """ Concatenate list of strings into a single string '' 'abc' """

return ''.join(strings)

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: from typing import List def filter_by_prefix(strings: List[str], prefix: str) -> List[str]: """ Filter an input list of strings only for ones that start with a given prefix. [] ['abc', 'array'] """

return [x for x in strings if x.startswith(prefix)]

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def get_positive(l: list): """Return only positive numbers in the list. [2, 5, 6] [5, 3, 2, 3, 9, 123, 1] """

return [e for e in l if e > 0]

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def is_prime(n): """Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise. False True True True True False False """

if n < 2: return False for k in range(2, n - 1): if n % k == 0: return False return True

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: import math def poly(xs: list, x: float): """ Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x. return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n """ return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)]) def find_zero(xs: list): """ xs are coefficients of a polynomial. find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0. find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many. Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees a solution. >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x -0.5 >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3 1.0 """

begin, end = -1., 1. while poly(xs, begin) * poly(xs, end) > 0: begin *= 2.0 end *= 2.0 while end - begin > 1e-10: center = (begin + end) / 2.0 if poly(xs, center) * poly(xs, begin) > 0: begin = center else: end = center return begin

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def sort_third(l: list): """This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that l' is identical to l in the indicies that are not divisible by three, while its values at the indicies that are divisible by three are equal to the values of the corresponding indicies of l, but sorted. [1, 2, 3] [2, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 5] """

l = list(l) l[::3] = sorted(l[::3]) return l

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def unique(l: list): """Return sorted unique elements in a list [0, 2, 3, 5, 9, 123] """

return sorted(list(set(l)))

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def max_element(l: list): """Return maximum element in the list. 3 123 """

m = l[0] for e in l: if e > m: m = e return m

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def fizz_buzz(n: int): """Return the number of times the digit 7 appears in integers less than n which are divisible by 11 or 13. 0 2 3 """

ns = [] for i in range(n): if i % 11 == 0 or i % 13 == 0: ns.append(i) s = ''.join(list(map(str, ns))) ans = 0 for c in s: ans += (c == '7') return ans

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def sort_even(l: list): """This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that l' is identical to l in the odd indicies, while its values at the even indicies are equal to the values of the even indicies of l, but sorted. [1, 2, 3] [3, 6, 5, 4] """

evens = l[::2] odds = l[1::2] evens.sort() ans = [] for e, o in zip(evens, odds): ans.extend([e, o]) if len(evens) > len(odds): ans.append(evens[-1]) return ans

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def encode_cyclic(s: str): """ returns encoded string by cycling groups of three characters. """ # split string to groups. Each of length 3. groups = [s[(3 * i):min((3 * i + 3), len(s))] for i in range((len(s) + 2) // 3)] # cycle elements in each group. Unless group has fewer elements than 3. groups = [(group[1:] + group[0]) if len(group) == 3 else group for group in groups] return "".join(groups) def decode_cyclic(s: str): """ takes as input string encoded with encode_cyclic function. Returns decoded string. """

return encode_cyclic(encode_cyclic(s))

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def prime_fib(n: int): """ prime_fib returns n-th number that is a Fibonacci number and it's also prime. 2 3 5 13 89 """

import math def is_prime(p): if p < 2: return False for k in range(2, min(int(math.sqrt(p)) + 1, p - 1)): if p % k == 0: return False return True f = [0, 1] while True: f.append(f[-1] + f[-2]) if is_prime(f[-1]): n -= 1 if n == 0: return f[-1]

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def triples_sum_to_zero(l: list): """ triples_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input. it returns True if there are three distinct elements in the list that sum to zero, and False otherwise. False True False True False """

for i in range(len(l)): for j in range(i + 1, len(l)): for k in range(j + 1, len(l)): if l[i] + l[j] + l[k] == 0: return True return False

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def car_race_collision(n: int): """ Imagine a road that's a perfectly straight infinitely long line. n cars are driving left to right; simultaneously, a different set of n cars are driving right to left. The two sets of cars start out being very far from each other. All cars move in the same speed. Two cars are said to collide when a car that's moving left to right hits a car that's moving right to left. However, the cars are infinitely sturdy and strong; as a result, they continue moving in their trajectory as if they did not collide. This function outputs the number of such collisions. """

return n**2

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def incr_list(l: list): """Return list with elements incremented by 1. [2, 3, 4] [6, 4, 6, 3, 4, 4, 10, 1, 124] """

return [(e + 1) for e in l]

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def pairs_sum_to_zero(l): """ pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input. it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that sum to zero, and False otherwise. False False False True False """

for i, l1 in enumerate(l): for j in range(i + 1, len(l)): if l1 + l[j] == 0: return True return False

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def change_base(x: int, base: int): """Change numerical base of input number x to base. return string representation after the conversion. base numbers are less than 10. '22' '1000' '111' """

ret = "" while x > 0: ret = str(x % base) + ret x //= base return ret

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def triangle_area(a, h): """Given length of a side and high return area for a triangle. 7.5 """

return a * h / 2.0

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def fib4(n: int): """ Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fib4 number sequence. Do not use recursion. 4 8 14 """

results = [0, 0, 2, 0] if n < 4: return results[n] for _ in range(4, n + 1): results.append(results[-1] + results[-2] + results[-3] + results[-4]) results.pop(0) return results[-1]

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def median(l: list): """Return median of elements in the list l. 3 15.0 """

l = sorted(l) if len(l) % 2 == 1: return l[len(l) // 2] else: return (l[len(l) // 2 - 1] + l[len(l) // 2]) / 2.0

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def is_palindrome(text: str): """ Checks if given string is a palindrome True True True False """

for i in range(len(text)): if text[i] != text[len(text) - 1 - i]: return False return True

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def modp(n: int, p: int): """Return 2^n modulo p (be aware of numerics). 3 2 1 8 1 """

ret = 1 for i in range(n): ret = (2 * ret) % p return ret

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def encode_shift(s: str): """ returns encoded string by shifting every character by 5 in the alphabet. """ return "".join([chr(((ord(ch) + 5 - ord("a")) % 26) + ord("a")) for ch in s]) def decode_shift(s: str): """ takes as input string encoded with encode_shift function. Returns decoded string. """

return "".join([chr(((ord(ch) - 5 - ord("a")) % 26) + ord("a")) for ch in s])

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def remove_vowels(text): """ remove_vowels is a function that takes string and returns string without vowels. '' 'bcdf\nghjklm' 'bcdf' '' 'B' 'zbcd' """

return "".join([s for s in text if s.lower() not in ["a", "e", "i", "o", "u"]])

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def below_threshold(l: list, t: int): """Return True if all numbers in the list l are below threshold t. True False """

for e in l: if e >= t: return False return True

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def add(x: int, y: int): """Add two numbers x and y 5 12 """

return x + y

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def same_chars(s0: str, s1: str): """ Check if two words have the same characters. True True True False False False """

return set(s0) == set(s1)

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def fib(n: int): """Return n-th Fibonacci number. 55 1 21 """

if n == 0: return 0 if n == 1: return 1 return fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2)

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def correct_bracketing(brackets: str): """ brackets is a string of "<" and ">". return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket. False True True False """

depth = 0 for b in brackets: if b == "<": depth += 1 else: depth -= 1 if depth < 0: return False return depth == 0

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def monotonic(l: list): """Return True is list elements are monotonically increasing or decreasing. True False True """

if l == sorted(l) or l == sorted(l, reverse=True): return True return False

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def common(l1: list, l2: list): """Return sorted unique common elements for two lists. [1, 5, 653] [2, 3] """

ret = set() for e1 in l1: for e2 in l2: if e1 == e2: ret.add(e1) return sorted(list(ret))

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def largest_prime_factor(n: int): """Return the largest prime factor of n. Assume n > 1 and is not a prime. 29 2 """

def is_prime(k): if k < 2: return False for i in range(2, k - 1): if k % i == 0: return False return True largest = 1 for j in range(2, n + 1): if n % j == 0 and is_prime(j): largest = max(largest, j) return largest

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def sum_to_n(n: int): """sum_to_n is a function that sums numbers from 1 to n. 465 5050 15 55 1 """

return sum(range(n + 1))

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def correct_bracketing(brackets: str): """ brackets is a string of "(" and ")". return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket. False True True False """

depth = 0 for b in brackets: if b == "(": depth += 1 else: depth -= 1 if depth < 0: return False return depth == 0

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def derivative(xs: list): """ xs represent coefficients of a polynomial. Return derivative of this polynomial in the same form. [1, 4, 12, 20] [2, 6] """

return [(i * x) for i, x in enumerate(xs)][1:]

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def fibfib(n: int): """ fibfib(0) == 0 fibfib(1) == 0 fibfib(2) == 1 fibfib(n) == fibfib(n-1) + fibfib(n-2) + fibfib(n-3). Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fibfib number sequence. 0 4 24 """

if n == 0: return 0 if n == 1: return 0 if n == 2: return 1 return fibfib(n - 1) + fibfib(n - 2) + fibfib(n - 3)

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: FIX = """Add more test cases.""" def vowels_count(s): """Write a function vowels_count which takes a string representing a word as input and returns the number of vowels in the string. Vowels in this case are 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'. Here, 'y' is also a vowel, but only when it is at the end of the given word. Example: >>> vowels_count("abcde") 2 >>> vowels_count("ACEDY") 3 """

vowels = "aeiouAEIOU" n_vowels = sum(c in vowels for c in s) if s[-1] == 'y' or s[-1] == 'Y': n_vowels += 1 return n_vowels

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def circular_shift(x, shift): """Circular shift the digits of the integer x, shift the digits right by shift and return the result as a string. If shift > number of digits, return digits reversed. "21" "12" """

s = str(x) if shift > len(s): return s[::-1] else: return s[len(s) - shift:] + s[:len(s) - shift]

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def digitSum(s): """Task Write a function that takes a string as input and returns the sum of the upper characters only' ASCII codes. """

if s == "": return 0 return sum(ord(char) if char.isupper() else 0 for char in s)

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def fruit_distribution(s,n): """ In this task, you will be given a string that represents a number of apples and oranges that are distributed in a basket of fruit this basket contains apples, oranges, and mango fruits. Given the string that represents the total number of the oranges and apples and an integer that represent the total number of the fruits in the basket return the number of the mango fruits in the basket. """

lis = list() for i in s.split(' '): if i.isdigit(): lis.append(int(i)) return n - sum(lis)

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def pluck(arr): """ "Given an array representing a branch of a tree that has non-negative integer nodes your task is to pluck one of the nodes and return it. The plucked node should be the node with the smallest even value. If multiple nodes with the same smallest even value are found return the node that has smallest index. The plucked node should be returned in a list, [ smalest_value, its index ], If there are no even values or the given array is empty, return []. so we will choose the first zero, which has the smallest index. """

if(len(arr) == 0): return [] evens = list(filter(lambda x: x%2 == 0, arr)) if(evens == []): return [] return [min(evens), arr.index(min(evens))]

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def smallest_change(arr): """ Given an array arr of integers, find the minimum number of elements that need to be changed to make the array palindromic. A palindromic array is an array that is read the same backwards and forwards. In one change, you can change one element to any other element. smallest_change([1,2,3,5,4,7,9,6]) == 4 smallest_change([1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, 2]) == 1 smallest_change([1, 2, 3, 2, 1]) == 0 """

ans = 0 for i in range(len(arr) // 2): if arr[i] != arr[len(arr) - i - 1]: ans += 1 return ans

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def is_multiply_prime(a): """Write a function that returns true if the given number is the multiplication of 3 prime numbers and false otherwise. Knowing that (a) is less then 100. is_multiply_prime(30) == True """

def is_prime(n): for j in range(2,n): if n%j == 0: return False return True for i in range(2,101): if not is_prime(i): continue for j in range(2,101): if not is_prime(j): continue for k in range(2,101): if not is_prime(k): continue if i*j*k == a: return True return False

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def is_simple_power(x, n): """Your task is to write a function that returns true if a number x is a simple power of n and false in other cases. """

if (n == 1): return (x == 1) power = 1 while (power < x): power = power * n return (power == x)

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def hex_key(num): """You have been tasked to write a function that receives a hexadecimal number as a string and counts the number of hexadecimal digits that are primes (prime number, or a prime, is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers). Hexadecimal digits are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F. Prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17,... B (=decimal 11), D (=decimal 13). and symbols A,B,C,D,E,F are always uppercase. For num = "AB" the output should be 1. For num = "1077E" the output should be 2. For num = "ABED1A33" the output should be 4. For num = "123456789ABCDEF0" the output should be 6. For num = "2020" the output should be 2. """

primes = ('2', '3', '5', '7', 'B', 'D') total = 0 for i in range(0, len(num)): if num[i] in primes: total += 1 return total

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def decimal_to_binary(decimal): """You will be given a number in decimal form and your task is to convert it to binary format. The function should return a string, with each character representing a binary number. Each character in the string will be '0' or '1'. There will be an extra couple of characters 'db' at the beginning and at the end of the string. The extra characters are there to help with the format. decimal_to_binary(15) # returns "db1111db" decimal_to_binary(32) # returns "db100000db" """

return "db" + bin(decimal)[2:] + "db"

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def is_happy(s): """You are given a string s. Your task is to check if the string is happy or not. A string is happy if its length is at least 3 and every 3 consecutive letters are distinct """

if len(s) < 3: return False for i in range(len(s) - 2): if s[i] == s[i+1] or s[i+1] == s[i+2] or s[i] == s[i+2]: return False return True

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def numerical_letter_grade(grades): """It is the last week of the semester and the teacher has to give the grades to students. The teacher has been making her own algorithm for grading. The only problem is, she has lost the code she used for grading. She has given you a list of GPAs for some students and you have to write GPA | Letter grade 4.0 A+ > 3.7 A > 3.3 A- > 3.0 B+ > 2.7 B > 2.3 B- > 2.0 C+ > 1.7 C > 1.3 C- > 1.0 D+ > 0.7 D > 0.0 D- 0.0 E """

letter_grade = [] for gpa in grades: if gpa == 4.0: letter_grade.append("A+") elif gpa > 3.7: letter_grade.append("A") elif gpa > 3.3: letter_grade.append("A-") elif gpa > 3.0: letter_grade.append("B+") elif gpa > 2.7: letter_grade.append("B") elif gpa > 2.3: letter_grade.append("B-") elif gpa > 2.0: letter_grade.append("C+") elif gpa > 1.7: letter_grade.append("C") elif gpa > 1.3: letter_grade.append("C-") elif gpa > 1.0: letter_grade.append("D+") elif gpa > 0.7: letter_grade.append("D") elif gpa > 0.0: letter_grade.append("D-") else: letter_grade.append("E") return letter_grade

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def prime_length(string): """Write a function that takes a string and returns True if the string length is a prime number or False otherwise Examples prime_length('Hello') == True prime_length('abcdcba') == True prime_length('kittens') == True prime_length('orange') == False """

l = len(string) if l == 0 or l == 1: return False for i in range(2, l): if l % i == 0: return False return True

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def starts_one_ends(n): """ Given a positive integer n, return the count of the numbers of n-digit positive integers that start or end with 1. """

if n == 1: return 1 return 18 * (10 ** (n - 2))

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def solve(N): """Given a positive integer N, return the total sum of its digits in binary. Example For N = 1000, the sum of digits will be 1 the output should be "1". For N = 150, the sum of digits will be 6 the output should be "110". For N = 147, the sum of digits will be 12 the output should be "1100". @N integer a string of binary number """

return bin(sum(int(i) for i in str(N)))[2:]

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def add(lst): """Given a non-empty list of integers lst. add the even elements that are at odd indices.. """

return sum([lst[i] for i in range(1, len(lst), 2) if lst[i]%2 == 0])

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def anti_shuffle(s): """ Write a function that takes a string and returns an ordered version of it. Ordered version of string, is a string where all words (separated by space) are replaced by a new word where all the characters arranged in ascending order based on ascii value. anti_shuffle('Hi') returns 'Hi' anti_shuffle('hello') returns 'ehllo' anti_shuffle('Hello World!!!') returns 'Hello !!!Wdlor' """

return ' '.join([''.join(sorted(list(i))) for i in s.split(' ')])

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def get_row(lst, x): """ You are given a 2 dimensional data, as a nested lists, which is similar to matrix, however, unlike matrices, each row may contain a different number of columns. Given lst, and integer x, find integers x in the list, and return list of tuples, [(x1, y1), (x2, y2) ...] such that each tuple is a coordinate - (row, columns), starting with 0. Sort coordinates initially by rows in ascending order. Also, sort coordinates of the row by columns in descending order. get_row([ [1,2,3,4,5,6], [1,2,3,4,1,6], [1,2,3,4,5,1] ], 1) == [(0, 0), (1, 4), (1, 0), (2, 5), (2, 0)] get_row([], 1) == [] get_row([[], [1], [1, 2, 3]], 3) == [(2, 2)] """

coords = [(i, j) for i in range(len(lst)) for j in range(len(lst[i])) if lst[i][j] == x] return sorted(sorted(coords, key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True), key=lambda x: x[0])

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def sort_array(array): """ Given an array of non-negative integers, return a copy of the given array after sorting, you will sort the given array in ascending order if the sum( first index value, last index value) is odd, or sort it in descending order if the sum( first index value, last index value) is even. """

return [] if len(array) == 0 else sorted(array, reverse= (array[0]+array[-1]) % 2 == 0)

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def encrypt(s): """Create a function encrypt that takes a string as an argument and returns a string encrypted with the alphabet being rotated. The alphabet should be rotated in a manner such that the letters shift down by two multiplied to two places. encrypt('hi') returns 'lm' encrypt('asdfghjkl') returns 'ewhjklnop' encrypt('gf') returns 'kj' encrypt('et') returns 'ix' """

d = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz' out = '' for c in s: if c in d: out += d[(d.index(c)+2*2) % 26] else: out += c return out

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def next_smallest(lst): """ You are given a list of integers. Write a function next_smallest() that returns the 2nd smallest element of the list. Return None if there is no such element. next_smallest([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) == 2 next_smallest([5, 1, 4, 3, 2]) == 2 next_smallest([]) == None next_smallest([1, 1]) == None """

lst = sorted(set(lst)) return None if len(lst) < 2 else lst[1]

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def is_bored(S): """ You'll be given a string of words, and your task is to count the number of boredoms. A boredom is a sentence that starts with the word "I". Sentences are delimited by '.', '?' or '!'. 0 1 """

import re sentences = re.split(r'[.?!]\s*', S) return sum(sentence[0:2] == 'I ' for sentence in sentences)

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def encode(message): """ Write a function that takes a message, and encodes in such a way that it swaps case of all letters, replaces all vowels in the message with the letter that appears 2 places ahead of that vowel in the english alphabet. Assume only letters. 'TGST' 'tHKS KS C MGSSCGG' """

vowels = "aeiouAEIOU" vowels_replace = dict([(i, chr(ord(i) + 2)) for i in vowels]) message = message.swapcase() return ''.join([vowels_replace[i] if i in vowels else i for i in message])

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def skjkasdkd(lst): """You are given a list of integers. You need to find the largest prime value and return the sum of its digits. For lst = [0,3,2,1,3,5,7,4,5,5,5,2,181,32,4,32,3,2,32,324,4,3] the output should be 10 For lst = [1,0,1,8,2,4597,2,1,3,40,1,2,1,2,4,2,5,1] the output should be 25 For lst = [1,3,1,32,5107,34,83278,109,163,23,2323,32,30,1,9,3] the output should be 13 For lst = [0,724,32,71,99,32,6,0,5,91,83,0,5,6] the output should be 11 For lst = [0,81,12,3,1,21] the output should be 3 For lst = [0,8,1,2,1,7] the output should be 7 """

def isPrime(n): for i in range(2,int(n**0.5)+1): if n%i==0: return False return True maxx = 0 i = 0 while i < len(lst): if(lst[i] > maxx and isPrime(lst[i])): maxx = lst[i] i+=1 result = sum(int(digit) for digit in str(maxx)) return result

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def check_dict_case(dict): """ Given a dictionary, return True if all keys are strings in lower case or all keys are strings in upper case, else return False. The function should return False is the given dictionary is empty. """

if len(dict.keys()) == 0: return False else: state = "start" for key in dict.keys(): if isinstance(key, str) == False: state = "mixed" break if state == "start": if key.isupper(): state = "upper" elif key.islower(): state = "lower" else: break elif (state == "upper" and not key.isupper()) or (state == "lower" and not key.islower()): state = "mixed" break else: break return state == "upper" or state == "lower"

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def count_up_to(n): """Implement a function that takes an non-negative integer and returns an array of the first n integers that are prime numbers and less than n. """

primes = [] for i in range(2, n): is_prime = True for j in range(2, i): if i % j == 0: is_prime = False break if is_prime: primes.append(i) return primes

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def multiply(a, b): """Complete the function that takes two integers and returns the product of their unit digits. Assume the input is always valid. multiply(148, 412) should return 16. multiply(19, 28) should return 72. multiply(2020, 1851) should return 0. multiply(14,-15) should return 20. """

return abs(a % 10) * abs(b % 10)

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def count_upper(s): """ Given a string s, count the number of uppercase vowels in even indices. count_upper('aBCdEf') returns 1 count_upper('abcdefg') returns 0 count_upper('dBBE') returns 0 """

count = 0 for i in range(0,len(s),2): if s[i] in "AEIOU": count += 1 return count

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def make_a_pile(n): """ Given a positive integer n, you have to make a pile of n levels of stones. The first level has n stones. - the next odd number if n is odd. - the next even number if n is even. Return the number of stones in each level in a list, where element at index i represents the number of stones in the level (i+1). [3, 5, 7] """

return [n + 2*i for i in range(n)]

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def words_string(s): """ You will be given a string of words separated by commas or spaces. Your task is to split the string into words and return an array of the words. words_string("Hi, my name is John") == ["Hi", "my", "name", "is", "John"] words_string("One, two, three, four, five, six") == ["One", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six"] """

if not s: return [] s_list = [] for letter in s: if letter == ',': s_list.append(' ') else: s_list.append(letter) s_list = "".join(s_list) return s_list.split()

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def choose_num(x, y): """This function takes two positive numbers x and y and returns the biggest even integer number that is in the range [x, y] inclusive. If there's no such number, then the function should return -1. choose_num(12, 15) = 14 choose_num(13, 12) = -1 """

if x > y: return -1 if y % 2 == 0: return y if x == y: return -1 return y - 1

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def rounded_avg(n, m): """You are given two positive integers n and m, and your task is to compute the average of the integers from n through m (including n and m). Round the answer to the nearest integer and convert that to binary. If n is greater than m, return -1. """

if m < n: return -1 summation = 0 for i in range(n, m+1): summation += i return bin(round(summation/(m - n + 1)))

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def unique_digits(x): """Given a list of positive integers x. return a sorted list of all elements that hasn't any even digit. [1, 15, 33] [] """

odd_digit_elements = [] for i in x: if all (int(c) % 2 == 1 for c in str(i)): odd_digit_elements.append(i) return sorted(odd_digit_elements)

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def by_length(arr): """ Given an array of integers, sort the integers that are between 1 and 9 inclusive, reverse the resulting array, and then replace each digit by its corresponding name from "One", "Two", "Three", "Four", "Five", "Six", "Seven", "Eight", "Nine". arr = [2, 1, 1, 4, 5, 8, 2, 3] return ["Eight", "Five", "Four", "Three", "Two", "Two", "One", "One"] arr = [] return [] arr = [1, -1 , 55] return = ['One'] """

dic = { 1: "One", 2: "Two", 3: "Three", 4: "Four", 5: "Five", 6: "Six", 7: "Seven", 8: "Eight", 9: "Nine", } sorted_arr = sorted(arr, reverse=True) new_arr = [] for var in sorted_arr: try: new_arr.append(dic[var]) except: pass return new_arr

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def f(n): """ Implement the function f that takes n as a parameter, and returns a list of size n, such that the value of the element at index i is the factorial of i if i is even or the sum of numbers from 1 to i otherwise. i starts from 1. f(5) == [1, 2, 6, 24, 15] """

ret = [] for i in range(1,n+1): if i%2 == 0: x = 1 for j in range(1,i+1): x *= j ret += [x] else: x = 0 for j in range(1,i+1): x += j ret += [x] return ret

<SYSTEM_TASK:> Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time <END_TASK> <USER_TASK:> Description: def even_odd_palindrome(n): """ Given a positive integer n, return a tuple that has the number of even and odd integer palindromes that fall within the range(1, n), inclusive. Integer palindrome are 1, 2, 3. one of them is even, and two of them are odd. Integer palindrome are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11. four of them are even, and 6 of them are odd. 1. 1 <= n <= 10^3 2. returned tuple has the number of even and odd integer palindromes respectively. """

def is_palindrome(n): return str(n) == str(n)[::-1] even_palindrome_count = 0 odd_palindrome_count = 0 for i in range(1, n+1): if i%2 == 1 and is_palindrome(i): odd_palindrome_count += 1 elif i%2 == 0 and is_palindrome(i): even_palindrome_count += 1 return (even_palindrome_count, odd_palindrome_count)