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string | text
string | source
string | label
int64 | perplexity
float64 | input_ids
sequence | attention_mask
sequence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Who is the husband of Betty Ford | Elizabeth Ann Bloomer Warren "Betty" Ford (April 8, 1918 – July 8, 2011), was First Lady of the United States from 1974 to 1977 during the presidency of her husband Gerald Ford. | hc3-open_qa | 0 | 15.993086 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Winston L. Shelton'
Winston Laverne Shelton (May 3, 1922 – | Winston Laverne Shelton (May 3, 1922 – October 15, 2007) was an American historian, who specialized in the history of the United States civil rights movement.
Shelton was born on May 3, 1922, in Muskogee, Oklahoma. He earned his B.A. from the University of Oklahoma in 1944 and his Ph.D. from Yale University in 1949.
Shelton began his career as a research associate at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he worked from 1948 to 1951. He then joined the faculty of Yale University, where he remained until his retirement in 1993. During that time, he served as chairman of the history department and dean of graduate studies.
Shelton was a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Guggenheim Foundation. He died on October 15, 2007, in New Haven, Connecticut. | wiki-intro | 1 | 4.544301 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Phrynobatrachus dalcqi'
Phrynobatrachus dalcqi is a species of frogs | Phrynobatrachus dalcqi is a species of frogs in the family Phrynobatrachidae. It is endemic to the Cordillera Central in Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.129843 | [
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Colonia Tabacalera is a colonia or neighborhood | Colonia Tabacalera is a colonia or neighborhood in the city of Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico. It is located in the eastern part of the city, adjacent to the municipality of Nuevo Laredo. The colonia has a population of about 30,000 people.
The colonia is known for its cigar manufacturing industry. The main cigar manufacturers in Colonia Tabacalera are General Cigar and La Palina. Other companies located in Colonia Tabacalera include Oliva, Romeo y Julieta, and San Cristobal. The main exports from Colonia Tabacalera are cigars and tobacco products. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.639148 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Alexandre Lapissida'
Alexandre Lapissida (9 March 1839, Volkrange - | Alexandre Lapissida (9 March 1839, Volkrange - 12 December 1905, Paris) was a French painter and lithographer.
Born in Volkrange, Lapissida moved to Paris in 1857 to study at the École des Beaux-Arts. He exhibited at the Salon from 1860 onwards, and was awarded first prize for his painting "The Return of the Prodigal Son" in 1873. Lapissida is best known for his lithographs, which are characterised by their meticulous detail and use of light and shade. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.908521 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Hangthong Thammawattana'
Hangthong Thammawattana (, also spelled Tumwattana, 20 | Hangthong Thammawattana (, also spelled Tumwattana, 20 May 1909 – 11 January 1994) was a Thai scholar, Buddhist monk, and politician. He was a central figure in the promotion of Buddhism in Thailand and served as the seventh Prime Minister of Thailand from 1958 to 1960.
Hangthong Thammawattana was born on May 20, 1909 in Uttaradit Province, in present-day Chiang Rai Province, northern Thailand. He ordained as a Buddhist monk in 1932 and rose through the ranks of the Theravada Buddhist hierarchy. He served as abbot of several monasteries before becoming the seventh Prime Minister of Thailand in 1958. During his time in office, he oversaw the construction of many Buddhist temples and projects, including Wat Phra Kaew and Wat Phra Kaew Mahathat. Hangthong Thammawattana died on January 11, 1994 at the age of 82. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.544273 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Christian Discourses'
Søren Kierkegaard asked how the burden can | Søren Kierkegaard asked how the burden can be lifted from the individual and placed on God. He argued that the individual must become aware of their own existence and try to find meaning in it. Kierkegaard's writings have been influential in Christian discourse.
Christian discourse is the discussion of religious topics by Christians. It refers to any type of oral or written discussion of religious beliefs, values, practices, or history among Christians. It can take many forms, including sermons, Bible study, theological conversations, and personal reflection. It can be informal or formal, public or private, academic or pastoral.
The aim of Christian discourse is to help Christians understand and share their beliefs with each other. It can help Christians learn from each other and grow closer to God. Christian discourse can also help Christians defend their faith against attacks from other religious groups or distortions by secular society.
Christian discourse has a long history in Christianity. The apostle Paul wrote about how Christians should greet each other in church: "Greet one another with a holy kiss." Christian discourse has also been important in the development of Christian theology. For example, Augustine of Hippo developed the concept of original sin while discussing Christian doctrine with fellow monks.
Christian discourse is still an important part of Christianity today. Many Christian leaders encourage Christians to discuss their beliefs with each other so that they can better understand and defend their faith against attacks from other religions or from secular society. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.473348 | [
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I might use a credit card convenience check. What should I consider? | Well, you might take a minor hit to your credit score. This is snapshot of my credit utilization written for an article on my site. The point there was that zero card use actually dinged the score, but for you, going over the 20% level is the risk. It' s not too large a hit, depending how high the utilization goes. I' d not lose sleep over it. Kind of you to help. | hc3-finance | 0 | 49.972641 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Ken "Snakehips" Johnson'
Kenrick Reginald Hijmans Johnson (10 September 1914 | Kenrick Reginald Hijmans Johnson (10 September 1914 – 28 October 1997) was an American jazz drummer. He helped lead the bebop drumming revival of the 1950s, playing with artists such as Dizzy Gillespie, Charlie Parker, and Thelonious Monk. Johnson was also a noted session musician, playing on recordings by such luminaries as Ella Fitzgerald, Frank Sinatra, and The Beatles.
Johnson began his professional career in the early 1940s as a member of Benny Carter's band. He then spent several years with Woody Herman's band before joining Dizzy Gillespie's orchestra in 1948. He remained with Gillespie until 1957, during which time he recorded extensively with the trumpeter. Johnson then formed his own quartet, which played regularly at the Village Vanguard and other clubs. In the 1960s and 1970s, Johnson worked primarily as a session musician, playing on records by artists such as Linda Ronstadt, Barbra Streisand, and Simon & Garfunkel. He died in 1997 at the age of 80. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.260934 | [
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is a Japanese voice actress known for | is a Japanese voice actress known for her work in the anime and video game industries. She has provided voice acting for characters in shows such as Attack on Titan, Sword Art Online, and Naruto Shippūden. She is also known for her work in the Fate/Apocrypha and A Silent Voice soundtracks.
Mikoi Sasaki was born on July 15, 1991 in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. After graduating from high school, Sasaki started working as a part-time announcer for a local FM station. In 2010, she debuted as a voice actress by providing the voice of Akari Akatsu in the anime series Free! Iwatobi Swim Club. From then on, she has been featured in a number of roles in various anime and video games, including those in Attack on Titan, Sword Art Online, Naruto Shippūden, Fate/Apocrypha, and A Silent Voice. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.998924 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Demetrius Ross'
Demetrius "Sir Jam" Ross is an American | Demetrius "Sir Jam" Ross is an American professional wrestler, better known by the ring name Demetrius "The Demolition Man" Clay. He is a five time World Heavyweight Champion, and was the inaugural WWE Champion in 1988.
Ross is a six-time United States Champion, and a two-time European Champion. He has also held the Intercontinental Championship three times and the Tag Team Championship twice with The Undertaker. He is also a two-time King of the Ring winner. | wiki-intro | 1 | 4.798156 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Sales Interchange'
The Sales Interchange , also known as | The Sales Interchange , also known as the Sales Force Automation (SFAA) or Sales Automation Suite (SAS) is a software package that automates the sales process. It is designed to speed up the sales process by providing a centralized location for managing sales leads, sales contacts, and sales activities.
The Sales Interchange can be used in a variety of industries, including technology, automotive, and telecommunications. It is a powerful tool that can help companies improve their sales processes and increase their sales revenue.
The Sales Interchange can help companies automate many of the tasks involved in the sales process, including lead management, contact management, and activity tracking. This makes it easier for sales representatives to focus on their work and reduce the time they spend on administrative tasks.
The Sales Interchange also includes features that help companies improve their customer relationships. This includes features that allow sales representatives to track customer interactions and track customer feedback. This information can then be used to improve customer service and improve the relationship between company and customer.
The Sales Interchange is a powerful tool that can help companies improve their sales processes and increase their revenue. If you are looking for a tool that can automate many of the tasks involved in the sales process, the Sales Interchange may be a good choice for you. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.84191 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'John Dring'
Lieutenant Colonel Sir Arthur John Dring | Lieutenant Colonel Sir Arthur John Dring (4 November 1902 – 16 June 1991) was the second Prime Minister of the princely state of Bahawalpur (now in modern Pakistan). He was also the senior member of the
Indian Political Service in the last decades of the British Raj, Assistant Private Secretary to the Governor-General of India and an advisor to governments on plebscites for two former British colonies in Africa. Dring Stadium in the city of Bahawalpur, the site of the second test cricket match of the India-Pakistan test series in 1955, is named after him. He was called John throughout his life. Early life
Dring was born on 4 November 1902 in Calcutta, India, the second child and only son of Sir William Arthur Dring and his wife Lady Jane Reid Greenshields Dring (née Ross, formerly Alston). The Dring family had been resident in India since 1830. Dring spent his earliest years in India, but was sent to boarding school in England in 1911, aged 9, as was customary for members of elite families in British India. He attended Winchester College and RMC Sandhurst. He returned to India in 1923 and joined the Guides Cavalry as a lieutenant. | wiki-intro | 0 | 17.632475 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Christopher Mays'
Christopher Sean Mays (born 11 May 1966) | Christopher Sean Mays (born 11 May 1966) is an English former cricketer. Mays was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Brighton, Sussex. Prior to appearing in first-class cricket, Mays played for England Young Cricketers, playing two Youth Test matches and a single Youth One Day International against West Indies Young Cricketers in 1985. Mays later made his first-class debut for Sussex against Glamorgan in the 1986 County Championship. He made seven further first-class appearances for the county in that season, the last of which came against Somerset. In what was his only season with his home county, Mays took 13 wickets in his eight first-class appearances, which came at an average of 54.30, with best figures of 3/77. A tailend batsman, with the bat, Mays scored just 19 runs at an average of 4.75, with a high score of 8 not out. | wiki-intro | 0 | 12.450473 | [
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Warren Buffett and Charles Munger advice for small investors? | Warren Buffett:'Investing Advice For You--And My Wife' (And Other Quotes Of The Week): What I advise here is essentially identical to certain instructions I’ ve laid out in my will. One bequest provides that cash will be delivered to a trustee for my wife’ s benefit… My advice to the trustee could not be more simple: Put 10% of the cash in short-term government bonds and 90% in a very low-cost S& P 500 index fund. (I suggest Vanguard’ s.) I believe the trust’ s long-term results from this policy will be superior to those attained by most investors… Similarly from Will Warren Buffett' s investment advice work for you?: Specifically, Buffett wants the trustee of his estate to put 10 percent of his wife' s cash inheritance in short-term government bonds and 90 percent in a low-cost S& P index fund-and he tips his hat specifically to Bogle' s Vanguard in doing so. Says Buffett: "I believe the trust' s long-term results from this policy will be superior to those attained by most investors-whether pension funds, institutions or individuals." | hc3-finance | 0 | 36.173496 | [
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How come the people who regularly upload TV shows to torrents don't get caught? Also I know Japan has introduced strict anti-piracy laws. How come people who upload Anime haven't been caught? Explain like I' m five. | It can be difficult for law enforcement to catch people who upload TV shows and anime to torrent sites because they often use pseudonyms and take steps to hide their identities and locations. They may also use servers in different countries, making it harder for authorities to track them down. Additionally, there are often many people involved in uploading content to these sites, so it can be difficult to pinpoint who is responsible.
In Japan, there are laws in place to try to prevent piracy, but it can still be challenging to enforce these laws and catch people who are uploading content illegally. One reason for this is that it can be difficult to identify and locate the people who are uploading the content. Additionally, some people may use advanced techniques to try to avoid detection, such as using virtual private networks (VPNs) to hide their IP addresses.
Overall, it can be difficult to catch people who upload TV shows and anime to torrent sites because they often take steps to conceal their identities and locations, and because there are often many people involved in uploading content to these sites. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 7.745116 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Caladenia cairnsiana'
Caladenia cairnsiana, commonly known as the zebra | Caladenia cairnsiana, commonly known as the zebra orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a common and widespread orchid distinguished by its red-striped labellum, and petals and lateral which are pressed against the ovary. Description
Caladenia cairnsiana is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and which is usually found in scattered groups or sometimes in clumps of more than ten. It has a single hairy leaf, long and about wide. There are one or two flowers on the end of a stalk tall, each flower long and about wide. The flowers are greenish-yellow with red markings. The lateral sepals and the petals hang down against the ovary. The labellum is inclined upwards, is red-striped, has a smooth edge and a glandular tip. In the centre of the labellum is a band of deep purple-red calli. Flowering occurs between August and early November and is followed by a non-fleshy, dehiscent capsule containing a large number of seeds. | wiki-intro | 0 | 24.032187 | [
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What do record companies... do? I'm not entirely sure what record companies are. What is their purpose? When were they created, and why? I've heard people say that their existence is obsolete now... why is this? Explain like I' m five. | Record companies are businesses that produce and distribute recorded music. They are responsible for finding new musical talent, financing the recording of songs and albums, promoting the music to radio stations and the public, and selling the music to consumers through various channels such as record stores, digital downloads, and streaming services. Record companies make money by selling the music that they produce and by taking a percentage of the revenue that is generated from the sale of the music. Record companies have been around for a long time. In the early 20th century, record companies primarily produced and sold records, which were discs made of vinyl that played music when they were placed on a turntable. With the advent of new technologies, record companies began producing and selling cassette tapes, CDs, and more recently, digital downloads and streams of music. In recent years, some people have argued that the traditional record company model is becoming obsolete because of the rise of digital music and the increasing popularity of streaming services. With streaming, music is not sold to consumers, but rather it is provided to them as a service for a monthly fee. This has led to changes in the way that record companies make money and the way that they do business. However, record companies are still an important part of the music industry, as they continue to play a crucial role in finding, promoting, and distributing music to the public. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 6.473058 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Alberta Highway 28'
Alberta Provincial Highway No. 28, commonly referred to | Alberta Provincial Highway No. 28, commonly referred to as Highway 28, is a highway in north-central Alberta, Canada that connects Edmonton to Cold Lake. It begins at Yellowhead Trail (Highway 16) in Edmonton as 97 Street NW, running through the city's north suburbs before entering Sturgeon County and passing CFB Edmonton. After merging with Highway 28A near Gibbons it winds through agricultural lands of north-central Alberta, roughly paralleling the North Saskatchewan River until Smoky Lake before continuing east through St. Paul County to Bonnyville. It turns northeast to CFB Cold Lake, before ending at Lakeshore Drive in the city of Cold Lake shortly thereafter. The highway is a component of Canada's National Highway System. Between Highway 28A near Gibbons and the intersection with Highway 63 near Radway, it forms part of the Edmonton-Fort McMurray corridor and is designated as a core route. For the remainder of the route from Radway to the eastern end at Cold Lake, it is designated as a feeder route. | wiki-intro | 0 | 16.715181 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'The Alice Rose'
The Alice Rose were an indie pop/rock | The Alice Rose were an indie pop/rock band from Austin, Texas, formed in 2000. The group's founding members are songwriter and guitarist JoDee Purkeypile, bassist Sean Crooks, and drummer Chris Sensat. 1995–2000
13 year old JoDee Purkeypile met 14-year-old Sean Crooks at Roy Bedichek Junior High in 1995.
The two began playing songs by Nirvana together in Sean's garage on equipment left behind and taken home by Sean's father, Danny Crooks, from his 6th Street nightclub, Steamboat. No sooner had they learned of each other's love of The Beatles that they began learning songs from a Beatles chord book. By 1996, the two were recording demos on a dual cassette deck, recording guitars and drums live, often using one microphone, then playing back the tape on the playback deck whilst recording vocals on another tape. JoDee received a 4-track Tascam portastudio cassette recorder that Christmas, and soon was recording a number of original songs and dubbing copies for friends. In early 1997, the duo began frequently performing at Rusty Wier's open mic nights held at Gino's, a Blues club in south Austin. They formed a band, calling themselves PigGie Hat, a name JoDee had conceived of years earlier which stood for "people getting high", and began playing short acoustic sets between acts at Steamboat. That summer, after a handful of shows with temporary rhythm sections, consisting of older musicians from various Steamboat affiliated bands, JoDee and Sean met 13 year old drummer Chris Sensat at Gino's. In October JoDee's childhood friend, 19-year-old Paul Murray, joined the band on bass. On New Year's Day 1998, PigGie Hat recorded their debut EP, Irish Rain, at Affordable Sound for $100. They debuted live at Steamboat on February 19, 1998, and went on to record a full-length album, also titled Irish Rain, and contributed a Christmas song to KLBJ-FM's Local Licks: Yule Rock! before disbanding in May 2000. | wiki-intro | 0 | 43.750935 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Henry Compton (actor)'
Henry Compton (real name Charles Mackenzie) (22 | Henry Compton (real name Charles Mackenzie) (22 March 1805 – 15 September 1877) was an English actor best known for his Shakespearean comic roles. Compton began his career in Shakespeare plays in the British provinces. He then began to specialize in low comedy roles in touring companies, where he played for over a decade. He first appeared in London in 1837 and joined the company at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane later that year, again playing in Shakespeare. Other notable roles that followed included Tony Lumpkin in She Stoops to Conquer, Gnatbrain in Black-Eyed Susan, Sir Peter Teazle in The School for Scandal and Foresight in Love for Love. By the early 1840s, Compton had earned the reputation of being the best Shakespearian clown of his age both in London and in the provinces. He performed for three years at the Princess's Theatre, London, famously playing Touchstone in As You Like It in 1844. He also played at the Olympic Theatre for three years, then the Royal Strand Theatre. In 1853 he joined the company at the Haymarket Theatre, where he originated roles in important new plays. He also won praise as Mr. Cox in revivals of Box and Cox. | wiki-intro | 0 | 25.552729 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'John Reed (journalist)'
John "Jack" Silas Reed (October 22, 1887 | John "Jack" Silas Reed (October 22, 1887 – May 27, 1940) was an American journalist and socialist who was a leading figure in the American left during the early and mid-20th century. He is best remembered for his work as a correspondent for The New York Times in Russia during the early years of the Bolshevik Revolution, as well as his reports from Spain during the Spanish Civil War.
Reed was born in New York City to a middle-class family. He attended Harvard University, where he became involved in radical politics and took part in protests against World War I. After serving in the United States Army during World War I, Reed returned to Harvard and earned his doctorate in history.
In 1919, Reed became a correspondent for The New York Times in Russia, where he covered the Russian Revolution of 1917. He was one of the first journalists to report on the Red Terror, and later wrote about life under Soviet rule.
In 1936, Reed left The New York Times to become a correspondent for The Daily Worker. He covered the Spanish Civil War, which was then raging. His reporting from Spain helped to make him one of the most well-known journalists of the time.
Reed died in 1940 from a heart attack after reporting from Nazi Germany. He was 46 years old. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.635046 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Semliki harpoon'
The Semliki harpoon, also known as the | The Semliki harpoon, also known as the Mbenga harpoon, is a type of harpoon used by the Samburu and Rendille people of northern Kenya.
The Semliki harpoon is a long, thin, barbed spear-like weapon made from a single solid piece of wood about 1.5 metres (5 feet) long. The shaft is roughly triangular in cross-section, with a slightly flattened tip and a protrusion at one end which serves as the harpoon's firing mechanism.
The Semliki harpoon is made from a single piece of wood about 1.5 metres (5 feet) long with a slightly flattened tip and a protrusion at one end which serves as the harpoon's firing mechanism. The shaft is roughly triangular in cross-section, with a slightly flattened tip and a protrusion at one end which serves as the haft or handle. The Semliki harpoon is attached to the haft by means of two thongs which wrap around it several times. When the user pulls on the thongs, the harpoon is fired by the protrusion, impaling and killing the target animal. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.565173 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'James B. Brennan'
James Butler Brennan (February 1, 1926June 6, | James Butler Brennan (February 1, 1926June 6, 2021) was an American attorney and Democratic politician from the U.S. state of Wisconsin. He was United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Wisconsin during the presidencies of John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson and later served twelve years as Milwaukee's city attorney. Earlier in his career, he served two and a half years in the Wisconsin State Senate. Life and career
Born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Brennan graduated from Milwaukee's Marquette University High School and joined the United States Navy at age 18, for service in World War II. He received his bachelor's degree from the University of Notre Dame and his LL.B. from Marquette University Law School. He practiced law in Milwaukee for several years before running for office. He was a delegate to the 1960 Democratic National Convention, supporting the presidential nomination of then-Senator John F. Kennedy. | wiki-intro | 0 | 8.963769 | [
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Please explain what is "Personally identifiable information" | Personally identifiable information (PII) is any information that can be used to identify a specific individual. This can include things like a person's name, address, phone number, email address, social security number, or other unique identifiers. PII is often collected and used by organizations for various purposes, such as to verify a person's identity, to contact them, or to keep records of their activities.
There are laws and regulations in place that govern the collection, use, and protection of PII. These laws vary by jurisdiction, but they generally require organizations to handle PII in a secure and responsible manner. For example, they may be required to obtain consent before collecting PII, to keep it secure and confidential, and to delete it when it is no longer needed.
In general, it is important to be careful about sharing personal information online or with organizations, as it can be used to track your activities, steal your identity, or otherwise compromise your privacy. It is a good idea to be aware of what information you are sharing and to take steps to protect your personal data. | hc3-wiki_csai | 1 | 6.126975 | [
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who said "A picture is worth a thousand words"? | It' s worth a thousand words. " appears in a 1911 newspaper article quoting newspaper editor Arthur Brisbane discussing journalism and publicity. | hc3-open_qa | 0 | 137.724625 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on '1124 papal election'
The 1124 papal election (held 16–21 December) | The 1124 papal election (held 16–21 December) took place after the death of Pope Callixtus II on 13 December 1124 and chose Pope Honorius II as his successor. Background
Pressures building within the Curia, together with ongoing conflicts among the Roman nobility, would erupt after the death of Pope Callixtus II in 1124. The pontificates of Urban II and Paschal II had seen an expansion in the College of Cardinals of Italian clerics that strengthened the local Roman influence. These cardinals were reluctant to meet with the group of cardinals recently promoted by Callixtus II, who were mainly French or Burgundian. As far as the older cardinals were concerned, these newer cardinals were dangerous innovators, and they were determined to resist their increasing influence. The northern cardinals, led by Cardinal Aymeric de Bourgogne (the Papal Chancellor), were equally determined to ensure that the elected pope would be one of their candidates. Both groups looked towards the great Roman families for support. | wiki-intro | 0 | 22.706291 | [
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why does wind feel colder than stagnant air? Why do fans/having your window open make you feel cooler? Explain like I' m five. | When the air around you is still, the heat from your body warms the air that is closest to your skin. This warm air acts like a blanket and helps to keep you feeling warm and comfortable. When the air is moving, however, it carries the heat away from your body more quickly, which can make you feel colder.
Fans and open windows can also make you feel cooler because they help to circulate the air in a room. This movement of air can help to remove the warm air that is close to your skin and replace it with cooler air from outside or from other parts of the room. This can help to lower your body temperature and make you feel more comfortable.
So, in general, wind and moving air can make you feel colder because they help to remove the warm air that is close to your skin and replace it with cooler air. This can help to lower your body temperature and make you feel more comfortable, especially on hot days. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 5.626483 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Oakwood Estate'
The Oakwood Estate is a house in | The Oakwood Estate is a house in the English county of Kent. It is a Grade II* listed building.
The estate was built in the early 18th century for John Rous, a successful lawyer and politician. It is now owned by the National Trust. The house and its outbuildings are open to the public, and include a museum. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.645938 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Flash Gordon Classic'
Flash Gordon Classic is a 2015 animated | Flash Gordon Classic is a 2015 animated science fiction action adventure film based on the character Flash Gordon created by Alex Raymond. The film is produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, and distributed by 20th Century Fox. It is directed by Mark Swift, written by Allan Heinberg and produced by Don Murphy.
Flash Gordon is a heroic space pilot who travels to the planet Mongo to fight against the evil Ming the Merciless. The film features an all-star voice cast that includes Ray Fisher as Flash, Olivia Holt as Princess Aura, Jason O'Mara as Dr. Hans Zarkov, Stephen Amell as King Features Syndicate's Jay Garrick and Sean Maher as Dr. Jones.
The film was first announced in February 2013, and was originally scheduled for release in 3D in theaters on August 14, 2014. However, in January 2014, it was announced that the film would be released in 2D on August 7, 2014. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.179817 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Bireley's'
Bireley's is a brand of non-carbonated, fruit-flavored | Bireley's is a brand of non-carbonated, fruit-flavored sparkling water. It was created by siblings Brent and Brooke Bireley in 2006.
Bireley's is a brand of sparkling water that was created by siblings Brent and Brooke Bireley in 2006. The brand is based in Asheville, North Carolina. The water is made with natural flavors and contains no added sugar or sweeteners. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.260745 | [
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Fordson Island is a artificial island | Fordson Island is a artificial island in the River Rouge, in southeast Michigan. It was created by the Ford Motor Company in 1918, while dredging the River Rouge, and the land was donated to Springwells Township by Henry Ford. It eventually became part of the City of Dearborn, which became aware of its existence in 1980; since its creation, it has been home to liquor smugglers, industrial facilities, several residents, a marina, and numerous abandoned watercraft. By the mid-1980s, the island was mostly uninhabited; in the early 2000s numerous abandoned vessels were dumped on its shores. Geography
Fordson Island is in Wayne County. Its coordinates are , and the United States Geological Survey (USGS) gave its elevation as in 1980. The island is "about a quarter mile long and perhaps half that wide". It is located at the junction between Detroit and Dearborn; while it is a part of Dearborn, it is an exclave and can only be accessed by going through Detroit. To its northeast is the straightened channel now followed by the River Rouge; to its southwest, it is bounded by a stream that constituted the river's original course. It is upstream of Zug Island. | wiki-intro | 0 | 28.629459 | [
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Why is GDP going up or down seen as important for a country? How does it affect people's everyday lives? Explain like I' m five. | GDP is the total value of all the goods and services produced in that country. More is better of course (except in rare cases where rapid growth is generated by unsustainable debt financing or inflation), there's more value and property to go around. The goal is for the inflation-adjusted GDP to increase faster than the population, so that the "per capita" GDP increases-each person makes relatively more than they did last year and quality of life improves. When GDP decreases or fails to outpace inflation and/or population growth, the average wealth production is now * decreasing *, and the populace will get increasingly agitated. If the GDP goes up then some people are making more money, working more hours, or earning more profits. To the degree this wealth is distributed through the country, by wide-scale stock ownership for example, it benefits everyone's financial state and through that their lives. The effects are small, so don't expect things to be really different for 1 % of GDP increase. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a measure of how much stuff a country produces. It includes goods like food, clothing, electronics and cars as well as service industries like lawyers, doctors and accountants. The more stuff a country produces, the more stuff the country's citizens can consume. So, if there is more food being produced it means that there is more food for people to eat. If GDP goes down that means that there is less stuff for people to consume and it usually means that more people are going to go hungry or not have the things they need. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 18.249002 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Burma Independence Army'
The Burma Independence Army (BIA) was a | The Burma Independence Army (BIA) was a collaborationist and revolutionary army that fought for the end of British rule in Burma by assisting the Japanese in their conquest of the country in 1942 during World War II. It was the first post-colonial army in Burmese history. The BIA was formed from group known as the Thirty Comrades under the auspices of the Imperial Japanese Army after training the Burmese nationalists in 1941. The BIA's attempts at establishing a government during the invasion led to it being dissolved by the Japanese and the smaller Burma Defence Army (BDA) formed in its place. As Japan guided Burma towards nominal independence, the BDA was expanded into the Burma National Army (BNA) of the State of Burma, a puppet state under Ba Maw, in 1943. After secret contact with the British during 1944, on 27 March 1945, the BNA revolted against the Japanese. The army received recognition as an ally from Supreme Allied Commander, Lord Mountbatten, who needed their assistance against retreating Japanese forces and to ease the strain between the army's leadership and the British. As part of the Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League, the BNA was re-labelled the Patriotic Burmese Forces (PBF) during a joint Allied–Burmese victory parade in Rangoon on 23 June 1945. Following the war, after tense negotiations, it was decided that the PBF would be integrated into a new Burma Army under British control, but many veterans would continue under old leadership in the paramilitary People's Volunteer Organisation (PVO) in the unstable situation of post-war Burma. | wiki-intro | 0 | 20.571007 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Lewis Render Morgan'
Lewis Render Morgan (July 14, 1913 – | Lewis Render Morgan (July 14, 1913 – September 3, 2002) was an American journalist and editor who specialized in writing about the arts. He served as art critic for "The New York Times" from 1966 to 1984 and was a regular contributor to "The New Yorker".
Morgan was born in Trenton, New Jersey, the son of Lewis Render Morgan, a lawyer, and the former Irma (née Feinberg). He attended Princeton University where he was a member of The Daily Princetonian. After graduation he worked as a reporter for the Trenton Evening Times before joining "The New York Times" in 1943. He was an art critic for the paper from 1966 to 1984. He also wrote book reviews, essays, and feature articles on subjects such as modern art, architecture, music, and theater.
Morgan married the writer Paule Marshall in 1948. They had two daughters, Alexandra and Jessica. Morgan died at his home in Newton, Massachusetts at the age of 88 after a long illness. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.535217 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Imam Ali-ul-Haq'
Imam Ali al-Haq (الامام علي الحق) lived | Imam Ali al-Haq (الامام علي الحق) lived in the 10th century. He is referenced in a Persian manuscript by Ganesh Das Wadhera titled "Chār Bāgh-i-Panjāb", an account which is later published by Indu Banga and J. S. Grewal in their book "Early Nineteenth-Century Panjab." Imam Ali al-Haq led an army to Sialkot from Arabia between 965-971 A.D during the Samanid appointment of Bilgetegin. He was killed in Sialkot in a battle with Raja Sahan Pal, who assumed the title of Salbahan the second, in the course of his brothers rule of Sirhind. Many Muslim associates, who were riding with Imam Ali al-Haq, also lost their lives in the battle, to the sword of Hindu Shahis. Amongst these killed was Syed Sabzwar. After this happened, Sultan Nasir al-Din Sabuktigin of Ghazni invaded the Punjab in 980 A.D. To avenge the Imam, he massacred all the inhabitants, completely devastated the city and demolished the solid walls of its fort. | wiki-intro | 0 | 35.417309 | [
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How does having a Youtube channel with lots of subscribers make you money? I mean, where does the money come from? Is it all from advertisers? Or are there other factors at play? Please explain like I' m five. | There are a few different ways that a YouTube channel with lots of subscribers can make money:Advertisements: One of the main ways that YouTube channels make money is through advertisements. When a viewer watches a video on YouTube, they might see an ad before, during, or after the video. The channel owner earns a small amount of money each time one of these ads is shown to a viewer.Sponsorships: Some YouTube channels are able to work with companies or brands to promote their products in exchange for money. This can be done through sponsored videos or through sponsored product placements in the videos.YouTube Premium: YouTube has a subscription service called YouTube Premium that allows viewers to watch videos without ads and access other premium content. Channel owners can earn a share of the revenue from people who subscribe to YouTube Premium and watch their videos.Merchandise: Some YouTube channels sell merchandise, such as t-shirts or hats, to their subscribers. This can be a good way for a channel to make additional money.Overall, the amount of money that a YouTube channel can make depends on a variety of factors, including the number of subscribers, the number of views on the videos, and the types of ads or sponsorships that the channel is able to secure. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 6.989393 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Joseph B. Willigers'
Joseph B. Willigers, MHM (October 26, 1930 | Joseph B. Willigers, MHM (October 26, 1930 – December 5, 2016) was an American organic chemist and academic who served as the 15th president of the University of Wisconsin–Madison from 1986 to 1994.
Willigers was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, on October 26, 1930. He received his B.A. in 1952 from Marquette University in Milwaukee and his M.H.M. from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1957. He was a research associate at the University of Wisconsin–Madison from 1957 to 1959 and an associate professor from 1959 to 1966. He became the dean of the College of Letters and Science at the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1966, serving until 1978 when he was named the 15th president of the university. During his presidency, Willigers oversaw major renovations to Memorial Union and other campus buildings, as well as expansions in both undergraduate and graduate programs. He retired from his presidency in 1994 and was succeeded by Robert J. Zimmermann.
Willigers died on December 5, 2016 at the age of 88 after a long illness.
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Hudson's Bay Centre'
Hudson's Bay Centre is an office and | Hudson's Bay Centre is an office and retail complex in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located in Downtown Toronto at the intersection of Yonge Street and Bloor Street at the east end of the Mink Mile. Brookfield Properties owns and operates the centre. The centre is composed of a 35-storey office tower, a Hudson's Bay department store and a retail concourse. Description
The tower stands at 135 metres in height. It contains 35 floors and , and its address 2 Bloor Street East, at the northeast corner of the intersection of Yonge and Bloor Streets. The extensive retail concourse is anchored by a flagship store of Hudson's Bay/The Bay (known as the "Toronto, on Bloor Street" store at 44 Bloor Street East), the main brand of HBC. The mall contains over 45 specialty shops, boutiques, services and eateries. The complex also includes the Marriott Hotel, an RBC Royal Bank branch, apartments, and condominiums. | wiki-intro | 0 | 16.511768 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Jacques Fouquier'
Jacques Fouquier, Jacques Fouquières or Jacob Focquier | Jacques Fouquier, Jacques Fouquières or Jacob Focquier (c. 1590/91 – 1655) was a Flemish landscape painter. After training in Antwerp he worked in various places where he often obtained appointments as a painter to the court including that of the French kings. He earned great success and a very high reputation during his lifetime and was even referred to as the 'Flemish Titian'. Very few of his paintings have been preserved. His work was influential in his time and was widely circulated thanks to reproductions by various contemporary engravers. Life
Little is known with certainty about the life of Jacques Fouquier. He was traditionally believed to have been born in Antwerp at about 1580. Wolfgang Stechow was able to show in 1930 that his birth date should be placed around 1590. He came to this conclusion on the basis of an autograph inscription by Fouquier on a drawing dated 1604 kept in the Art Collection of the University of Göttingen (inv. no. H 465). The drawing contains in the lower right corner the inscription I.F. jaques foucquier me feciet aetatis suae 13 iaer 1604 5 ianvarer ('I.F Jacques Foucquier made me at the age of 13 in the year 1604 on 5 January. There is no documentary evidence to prove his place of birth. The 17th century German Baroque art-historian Joachim von Sandrart stated that Fouquier was the scion of a good family from western Flanders. A signature on an early drawing after Jan Brueghel the Elder indicates that he used the French name at an early age which possibly suggests that his ancestry was a French-speaking community. | wiki-intro | 0 | 34.303562 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Medfield State Hospital'
Medfield State Hospital, originally the Medfield Insane | Medfield State Hospital, originally the Medfield Insane Asylum, is a historic former psychiatric hospital complex at 45 Hospital Road in Medfield, Massachusetts, United States. The asylum was established in 1892 as the state's first facility for dealing with chronic mental patients. The college-like campus was designed by William Pitt Wentworth and developed between 1896 and 1914. After an era dominated by asylums built using the Kirkbride Plan, Medfield Insane Asylum was the first asylum built using the new Cottage Plan layout, where instead of holding patients in cells, they would be integrated into a small community and work a specific job. It was formally renamed "Medfield State Hospital" in 1914. At its height the complex included 58 buildings, on a property of some , and a capacity of 2,200 patients. It raised its own livestock and produce, and generated its own heat, light and power. Added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994, the property was closed in April 2003 and the buildings shuttered. The grounds have been restored, and reopened to the public and are open every day from sun up to sundown. It has been used as a filming location for thriller/horror motion pictures such as The New Mutants, Shutter Island, and The Box. As of July 2012, The Clark Building was demolished. Local Medfield Police now patrol the facility. Trespassing is strictly forbidden past dark and until sunrise. Within the grounds of the hospital lies the Medfield State Hospital Cemetery which has 841 gravesites. This cemetery was opened from 1918 until 1988. Originally, only numbers were on the graves in this cemetery until a Boy Scout from Troop 89 made it his Eagle Scout service project to find the names and dates of death of all those buried in the cemetery. | wiki-intro | 0 | 26.387716 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Spyker Silvestris V8'
The Spyker Silvestris V8 is a Dutch | The Spyker Silvestris V8 is a Dutch sports car manufactured by Spyker Cars from 2002 to 2006.
The Spyker Silvestris V8 was a sports car produced by Dutch company Spyker Cars between 2002 and 2006. The car was based on the Spyker C8 platform and used a mid-mounted, 6.0 L V8 engine.
The Silvestris V8 was available in two versions: a coupe and a convertible. The coupe featured a stiffer chassis than the convertible, which made it better suited for racing. The Silvestris V8 was also available with a number of different body colors and trim levels. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.202842 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Loammi Baldwin'
Colonel Loammi Baldwin (January 10, 1744 – | Colonel Loammi Baldwin (January 10, 1744 – October 20, 1807) was a noted American engineer, politician, and a soldier in the American Revolutionary War. Baldwin is known as the Father of American Civil Engineering. His five sons, Cyrus Baldwin (1773–1854), Benjamin Franklin Baldwin (1777–1821), Loammi Baldwin, Jr. (1780–1834), James Fowle Baldwin (1782–1862), and George Rumford Baldwin (1798–1888) were also well-known engineers. He surveyed and was responsible for the construction of the Middlesex Canal, but today he is perhaps best remembered for the Baldwin apple which he developed at his farm, or rather he recognized its potential and propagated it throughout the northeast. The apple had been discovered on the farm of John Ball in Wilmington, Massachusetts, around 1750, and named Woodpecker by a later owner of the farm. Colonel Baldwin's promotion of the apple occurred after 1784. He was also a surveyor and plantation co-owner in Hartford, Maine, which at that time was known as East Butterfield. | wiki-intro | 0 | 22.356441 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Juan Garcia-Herreros'
Juan Garcia-Herreros, also known as "The Snow | Juan Garcia-Herreros, also known as "The Snow Owl", is a Colombian bassist who plays a custom six-string electric contrabass guitar. History
Juan Garcia-Herreros was born in Bogotá, Colombia. His first musical studies began with flute at the age 9 after moving to New York City with his family. Once he completed middle school his family relocated once again to Dunedin, Florida where he discovered the electric bass. Due to the fact that his family was unable to afford private lessons his passion for learning fueled him to become a self-taught musician. Juan was 16 when he began to teach music theory and jazz performance at Dunedin High School in Florida. His high-school band teacher encouraged him to also study acoustic bass so that he could be a part of the symphonic band in school. He auditioned and became proficient enough to perform with the Tampa Bay Symphony at 17 years of age. | wiki-intro | 0 | 16.809067 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Jan S. Hesthaven'
Jan S. Hesthaven is a Danish mathematician, | Jan S. Hesthaven is a Danish mathematician, currently Vice President for Academic Affairs at EPFL (École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne). He is Professor of Mathematics, holds the Chair of Computational Mathematics and Simulation Science (MCSS), and was appointed Vice President for Academic Affairs at EPFL (starting in 2021). He is particularly known for contributions to the development, analysis and application of high-order accurate computational methods for time-dependent partial differential equations. He has also contributed substantially to the development of reduced order models and the application of neural networks and machine learning techniques to problems in science and engineering. Career
Prof. Hesthaven obtained a Master of Science degree in computational physics from the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) in 1991. In 1995, he received a Ph.D. in Numerical Analysis from the Institute of Mathematical Modelling (DTU) and in 2009 he was awarded the degree of Dr.Techn. from DTU for substantial and lasting contributions that has helped to move his research area forward and penetrated into applications. | wiki-intro | 0 | 19.77685 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Bowen Park (Waukegan)'
Bowen Park is a recreational area in | Bowen Park is a recreational area in Waukegan, Illinois. The park is bounded by the Chicago River to the north, Central Expressway to the east, South Street to the south and Oak Street to the west.
The park was created in 1892 as a joint project of the Waukegan Park District and the City of Waukegan. The park originally consisted of a baseball diamond, a football field, a basketball court, and a bandstand. In 1907, a horse track was added to the park. In 1949, Bowen Park was renamed Bowen Park after Mayor James H. Bowen.
Today, Bowen Park features an amusement park, a swimming pool, a playground, and several tennis courts. The amusement park features rides such as an electric roller coaster and a Ferris wheel. The swimming pool has a diving well and a children's pool. The playground has a swing set and a slide. The tennis courts have four lighted courts. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.067063 | [
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why don't we have more roundabouts since they minimize traffic? Thank you. Explain like I' m five. | Roundabouts are a type of traffic control that can be used to help manage the flow of vehicles at intersections. They work by having all the cars entering the roundabout yield to the cars already in the roundabout, and then take turns entering the roundabout and exiting at their desired street. This can help to minimize traffic because it allows cars to keep moving without having to stop at a red light or stop sign.
However, there are a few reasons why we don't have more roundabouts in some places:
Cost: Building a roundabout can be more expensive than installing traffic lights or stop signs, especially if the area needs to be redesigned or reconfigured to accommodate the roundabout.
Space: Roundabouts take up more space than traffic lights or stop signs, so they may not be practical in areas where there is limited space available.
Confusion: Some people may not be familiar with how roundabouts work, which can lead to confusion and accidents.
Traffic volume: Roundabouts are most effective at intersections with lower to moderate levels of traffic. In areas with very high traffic volumes, other types of traffic control may be more effective at managing the flow of vehicles.
Overall, while roundabouts can be a useful tool for managing traffic, they are not always the best solution for every intersection. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 63.216385 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Henry Harrison Walker'
Henry Harrison Walker (October 15, 1832 – | Henry Harrison Walker (October 15, 1832 – July 13, 1913) was an American physician and politician. He served as the 24th Governor of Indiana from 1897 to 1899.
Walker was born in Mansfield, Ohio, to Henry and Mary (née Daniels) Walker. He received his medical degree from the University of Michigan in 1856. He then practiced medicine in Columbus, Ohio, before moving to Indianapolis in 1872. Walker served as the city's health officer from 1876 to 1892 and as its mayor from 1892 to 1897.
Walker was elected governor of Indiana in 1896, defeating incumbent Republican John M. Palmer by a margin of just over 1,000 votes. He served as governor for just two years, before losing reelection in 1899 to Democrat Albert J. Beveridge. After leaving office, Walker practiced medicine in Indianapolis until his death there thirteen years later. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.792768 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Fear to Tread'
Fear to Tread is a mystery–crime thriller | Fear to Tread is a mystery–crime thriller by the British mystery writer Michael Gilbert, first published in 1953 by Hodder and Stoughton in England and by Harper & Brothers in the United States. Set mostly in London, it was his seventh novel in six years and built upon the favourable reputation he had achieved earlier with the well-received Smallbone Deceased and Death Has Deep Roots. Gilbert, who was appointed CBE in 1980, was a founder-member of the British Crime Writers' Association. The Mystery Writers of America named him a Grand Master in 1988 and in 1990 he was presented Bouchercon's Lifetime Achievement Award. It is one of numerous stories and novels by Gilbert presenting a gritty, realistic depiction of organized gangs, frequently directed by a deeply concealed mastermind who is not unearthed until the final pages. Main character
Its main character is Wilfred Wetherall, a middle-aged, mild-mannered headmaster of "an understaffed, overpopulated secondary school for boys in the south-east of London." To further emphasize the apparently unheroic nature of the protagonist, throughout the book the third-person, omniscient narrator refers to him as "Mr. Wetherall". Chief Superintendent Hazlerigg plays an important role in the book but does not appear until page 154 of the 223-page British edition. | wiki-intro | 0 | 32.941551 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Naadodigal 2'
Naadodigal 2 is a 2020 Indian | Naadodigal 2 is a 2020 Indian Tamil-language action film directed by S. Shankar and produced by K. Thamizhmani. The film is written by K. V. Anand and features Vijay Raaz, Samantha Ruth Prabhu, and Aishwarya Rajesh in the lead roles.
Naadodigal 2 is a sequel to Naadodigal (2015), which was directed by S. Shankar and featured Vijay Raaz in the lead role. The film is produced by K. Thamizhmani, with writing by K. V. Anand and production by A. R. Murugadoss of Blacktown Movies banner. The film's audio release was jointly handled by Sony Music India and Thiruppaani Entertainment on 10 September 2020.
The film follows the fortunes of Naadodigal (Vijay Raaz), who is now a fugitive after killing the king of the underworld, Mahishasuramardhini (Samantha Ruth Prabhu). He is pursued by Mahishasuramardhini's son, Surapandian (Aishwarya Rajesh), and the police officer, Ramamoorthy (Vivek). Naadodigal meets a woman named Ashtalakshmi (Reema Sen) who helps him stay ahead of his pursuers.
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Alan Hirsch (professor)'
Alan L. Hirsch (born November 25, 1959) | Alan L. Hirsch (born November 25, 1959) has worked as a political science professor at Williams College, serving as the chair of justice and law studies there; a writer of books regarding politics and law, and an activist in reforming unjust law practices. Hirsch works as a lawyer and as a trial consultant, having qualified as a false confessions expert witness in 22 jurisdictions. He received his B.A. at Amherst College and his J.D. at Yale University. He has also previously taught law at Hartwick College and Bennington College. Career
His books have been influential in guiding discussion over politics, history, and law. His book Awarding Attorneys' Fees and Managing Fee Litigation was cited in Oxford Academic's article "Incentive Structures for Class Action Lawyers" and further works have been examined in publications such as The New York Times. His articles on legal studies can be found in publications such as the Berkeley Journal of Criminal Law, Ohio State Criminal Law Journal, and UC Hastings Law Review. | wiki-intro | 0 | 22.970621 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'John Wolfe (printer)'
John Wolfe (1548? – 1601) was an | John Wolfe (1548? – 1601) was an English bookseller and printer. His considerable ambition (he allegedly compared his attempts to reform the English printing trade to Martin Luther's efforts at reforming Christianity) and his disdain for the printing patent system of Elizabethan England drew the ire of his competitors and authorities in his early career. After being jailed twice and having his printing materials seized, Wolfe transformed himself into an ardent defender of printing privileges. By 1593, he was appointed Printer to the City of London. Early career
Wolfe may have come from a family in Sussex. For years, scholars wrongly assumed that he was the son of famed printer Reyner Wolfe on the basis of their mutual name and occupation. However, John Wolfe testified that his "poore oulde father" was alive in May 1584, some ten years after Reyner Wolfe died. Because Wolfe was a member of the Fishmongers' Company, there is speculation that a fishmonger named Thomas Wolfe, who resided in the parish of St. Nicholas Cole Abbey, may have been John Wolfe's father, and that John Wolfe entered the Company through patrimony. No conclusive evidence has been found to validate this theory though. | wiki-intro | 0 | 28.393347 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Jean-Guy'
Jean-Guy is a given name. Notable people | Jean-Guy is a given name. Notable people with the name include: In politics
Jean-Guy Allard (born 1948), Canadian journalist for Le Journal de Montréal and Le Journal de Québec
Jean-Guy Cardinal (1925–1979), nationalist politician in Quebec, Canada
Jean-Guy Carignan BA, MBA (born 1941), member of the Canadian House of Commons from 2000 to 2004
Jean-Guy Chrétien (born 1946), member of the Canadian House of Commons from 1993 to 2000
Jean-Guy Dagenais (born 1950), Canadian politician from Quebec
Jean-Guy Deschamps, former politician in Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Jean-Guy Dubé, Conservative Party of Canada candidate in the 2008 Canadian federal election
Jean-Guy Dubois (born 1948), Liberal party member of the Canadian House of Commons
Jean-Guy Guilbault (born 1931), member of the House of Commons of Canada
Jean-Guy Hudon (born 1941), Progressive Conservative member of the Canadian House of Commons
Jean-Guy Laforest (born 1944), business owner and former political figure in New Brunswick, Canada
Jean-Guy Péloquin, Abolitionist Party of Canada candidate in 1993 Canadian federal election
Jean-Guy Sabourin, Parti créditiste candidate in 1973 Quebec provincial election
Jean-Guy Trépanier, politician in the Quebec, Canada | wiki-intro | 0 | 12.031515 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Harry Dimoline'
Brigadier Harry Kenneth Dimoline CBE MBE | Brigadier Harry Kenneth Dimoline CBE MBE (born 3 January 1917) is a retired British Army officer who served in World War II, the Korean War and the Vietnam War. He reached the rank of brigadier before retiring in 1971.
Dimoline was born in 1917 in Northumberland, England. He attended Bede School and then served as a second lieutenant in the Royal Artillery during World War II. He was captured by the Germans and held as a prisoner of war until he was released in 1945. Dimoline then served in the Korean War, where he reached the rank of major. He returned to England and served in the Vietnam War until his retirement in 1971. Dimoline was awarded the CBE and MBE for his service in World War II, the Korean War and the Vietnam War. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.197309 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Teruel'
Teruel is a city in Aragon, | Teruel is a city in Aragon, in the north-eastern part of Spain. It is the capital of the province of Teruel, and has a population of around 149,000 people.
The city has a long history, dating back to before the Roman era. The city's name may derive from the Latin word "textilis", meaning woven. It was originally known as Tarraco, and became a Roman municipium in 180 BC. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Tarraco fell into decline, but was eventually re-founded as Teruel by the Visigoths in the 6th century AD. It became an important city during the Muslim period, serving as the provincial capital of the eastern province of Aragon.
Teruel was captured by Christians in 1094 and became part of the Kingdom of Aragon. It later became part of Spain in 1516. During the Spanish Civil War, Teruel sided with Francisco Franco and was heavily damaged by Allied bombing raids. After Franco's victory in 1945, Teruel experienced rapid economic development and has since been a major tourist destination. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.734562 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Saint Mary-of-the-Woods, Indiana'
Saint Mary-of-the-Woods, often called St. Mary's, is | Saint Mary-of-the-Woods, often called St. Mary's, is a small town in northeastern Indiana, United States. The population was 1,527 at the 2010 census.
Saint Mary-of-the-Woods is in the northeast corner of Indiana, directly east of the Ohio border. It is bordered by North Vernon to the north, Danville to the east, and Fishers to the south.
The town was founded in 1859 by a group of Catholic nuns from the Sisters of Mercy convent in Mount Vernon, Ohio. The first building was a log cabin on the banks of the White River. The town name is derived from a Marian title given to Saint Mary, mother of Jesus.
Today, Saint Mary-of-the-Woods is a small town with a rich history. It is home to a convent and school founded by Catholic nuns in 1859, as well as a number of businesses and artists. The town center features an antique mall and several restaurants. Saint Mary's Church, constructed in 1902 in the Romanesque Revival style, is one of the most prominent landmarks in town. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.643033 | [
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Peter Hixson (born October 31, 1966) is | Peter Hixson (born October 31, 1966) is a British-born American artist who lives and works in New York City. Hixson's practice spans painting, sculpture, photography, and installation art.
Peter Hixson was born in 1966 in Liverpool, England. He studied at the Royal College of Art in London from 1984 to 1988 and then at the University of California, Berkeley from 1988 to 1990. He has lived and worked in New York City since 1990.
Hixson's practice spans painting, sculpture, photography, and installation art. His paintings are often composed of layers of transparent color that reflect light and create a shimmering effect. Hixson has exhibited his work internationally, including at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City (2011), the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York City (2007), the Venice Biennale (2003), and the Centre Pompidou in Paris (1999). He has also been the recipient of numerous awards, including a Guggenheim Fellowship (2008) and a MacArthur Fellowship (2005). | wiki-intro | 1 | 4.761372 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Cativa process'
The Cativa process is a method for | The Cativa process is a method for extracting natural gas from shale rock formations. The process was invented in the late 1970s and has been used to extract natural gas from shale rock formations in the United States, Canada, and Europe.
The Cativa process is a method for extracting natural gas from shale rock formations. The process was invented in the late 1970s and has been used to extract natural gas from shale rock formations in the United States, Canada, and Europe. The Cativa process involves injecting a mixture of water, steam, and chemicals into the shale rock formation to break down the rock and release the gas. The gas is then extracted using a series of pipelines. | wiki-intro | 1 | 4.701599 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Gourdou-Leseurre GL-832 HY'
The Gourdou-Leseurre GL-832 HY was a 1930s | The Gourdou-Leseurre GL-832 HY was a 1930s French two-seat, high-wing monoplane designed by René Gourdou-Leseurre.
The GL-832 HY was a cantilever high-wing monoplane with a conventional semi-monocoque construction. The wings were of wooden construction with a plywood covering and were fitted with ailerons and flaps. The fuselage was of welded steel tube with a plywood skin. The pilot and passenger sat in tandem in an open cockpit. The GL-832 HY had a fixed, tailwheel landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration, mounted in the nose. | wiki-intro | 1 | 17.697445 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Gisela Kahn Gresser'
Gisela Kahn Gresser (February 8, 1906 Detroit, | Gisela Kahn Gresser (February 8, 1906 Detroit, Michigan – December 4, 2000) was an American chess player. She dominated women's chess in the United States, winning the U.S. Women's Chess Championship nine times from 1944 to 1969. Chess career
Gresser learned chess at a very late age. On a cruise from France to New York in the late 1930s, she borrowed a chess manual from a fellow passenger and taught herself how to play. By the end of the cruise, she was hooked. In 1938, she was a spectator at the first U.S. Women's Chess Championship tournament, organized by Caroline Marshall (wife of US Champion Frank Marshall) and held at the Rockefeller Center in New York City (won by Adele Rivero). She first played in the championship in 1940, and in 1944 she won it with a perfect score. She won it again in 1948 (with Mona May Karff), 1955 (with Nancy Roos), 1957 (with Sonja Graf), 1962, 1965, 1966 (with Lisa Lane), 1967, and 1969 (at age 63). | wiki-intro | 0 | 15.300303 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Antaeotricha demotica'
Antaeotricha demotica is a moth in the | Antaeotricha demotica is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Lord Walsingham in 1912. It is found in Mexico (Guerrero) and Guatemala. The wingspan is about 24 mm. The forewings are dull bone-whitish, the costa very narrowly clean bone-white throughout, the remainder of the wing more or less suffused and speckled with brownish grey, the dorsal half more strongly suffused than the costal, and more widely towards the base than to the termen; crossing the wing are three lines of still darker brownish fuscous spots (more or less coalescing into a continuous shade in the first two), of these, the first commences indistinctly on the costa at about one-sixth, and descending obliquely outward to the dorsum about the middle includes a discal spot at the upper edge of the cell and a plical spot beneath it. The second, commencing at about the middle of the costa, includes a single strong spot at the end of the cell and expands into a diffuse shade to the dorsum, there coalescing with the lower extremity of the third line which is obliquely bowed outward beyond the cell half-way to the termen. A line of seven or eight blackish dots extends around the apex and termen before the shining pale brownish grey cilia. The hindwings are grey, with a slight rosy tinge. | wiki-intro | 0 | 40.8493 | [
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How does universal health care work? If citizens'health care is covered, then who picks up the cost? Please explain like I' m five. | It is included in the government budget therefore the taxpayers pay it. You just don't realise it because you don't get an actual bill from the hospital/clinic. I'm Canadian and fairly young and I'm just starting to realise how lucky we are to have "free" health care. Sure if you have money in the states you can pay to get your care faster but if you don't have money you are either going to go bankrupt, dead, or both. The government does, which in turn means you do. The citizens do. Universal healthcare is basically a system in which everyone who pays taxes is pre-emptively paying for services they will or will not receive. What share you pay is going to be based on how much you make. The more you make, the more you pay. This scaling costs problem is largely why higher income individuals are more often against universal healthcare and lower income ones are for it. Step 1: you fail to use the search box, and read the HUNDREDS OF TIMES this was asked here. Step 2: I hit you with a shovel. Step 3: You get free health care. Step 4: Thanks Obama. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 24.263697 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Peter Frank Stott'
Peter Frank Stott CBE (8 August 1927 | Peter Frank Stott CBE (8 August 1927 – 21 March 2013) was a British Christian theologian and academic.
Stott was educated at Westminster School and then read theology at King's College, Cambridge, where he was a fellow of Trinity College from 1952 until his retirement in 1988. He was then appointed a CBE in 1989.
Stott's main interests were in systematic theology and biblical interpretation. He wrote extensively on the theology of Paul and the New Testament, as well as on contemporary theological issues such as justification by faith alone, the atonement and the ministry of reconciliation. He was also known for his work on preaching and evangelism, and for his writings on ethics and history.
Stott died aged 85 on 21 March 2013. | wiki-intro | 1 | 10.057035 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Battle of Lypovec'
The Battle of Lypovec was an armed | The Battle of Lypovec was an armed clash fought between the Slovak Mobile Brigade (Slovenské rýchlé brigády) and troops of the Red Army on 22 July 1941 in the set of Operation Barbarossa. It was the first battle of Slovakia with the Red Army. The Battle
The Soviet defense on the cross of the San River was the unit of the 10th Fortified area of 12th Army. The defense of Lypovets was led by 44th Rifle Division under the command of General Semyon Tkachenko. This division consisted of two fresh regiments (305th and 319th) and part of two infantry regiments already exhausted by the fighting (25th and 295th). Its combat role was to delay the advance of the enemy.
The Mobile Brigade, with fewer than 5,000 soldiers, 43 tanks and 123 guns, managed to occupy Lypovets, but then the brigade ran into the 44th Rifle Division of the Red Army. Because the Slovak tanks had run out of fuel, the Slovak soldiers came under heavy pressure and the catastrophe was avoided by artillery support, which managed to decimate the Soviets enough to allow the Slovak soldiers to retreat. | wiki-intro | 0 | 29.502281 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on '495 BC'
Year 495 BC was a year of |
Year 495 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Furius and Cornelius (or, less frequently, year 620 "Ab urbe condita"). The denomination 495 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
495 BC was a pivotal year in Roman history. In this year, the first consuls were elected, marking the beginning of the Roman Republic. This event also marked the end of the Second Punic War, which had begun in 264 BC.
495 BC also saw the first major legislative act of Rome's first consul, Furius Camillus. This law, called the Lex Camilla, granted citizenship to all Latins living within Rome's territory. | wiki-intro | 1 | 15.11305 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'United front'
A united front is an alliance of | A united front is an alliance of groups against their common enemies, figuratively evoking unification of previously separate geographic fronts and/or unification of previously separate armies into a front. The name often refers to a political and/or military struggle carried out by revolutionaries, especially in revolutionary socialism, communism or anarchism. The basic theory of the united front tactic among socialists was first developed by the Comintern, an international communist organization created by communists in the wake of the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution. According to the thesis of the 1922 4th World Congress of the Comintern: The united front tactic is simply an initiative whereby the Communists propose to join with all workers belonging to other parties and groups and all unaligned workers in a common struggle to defend the immediate, basic interests of the working class against the bourgeoisie. In its Leninist formulation, the united front tactic allowed workers committed to the revolutionary overthrow of capitalism to struggle alongside non-revolutionary workers. Through these common struggles, revolutionaries sought to win other workers to revolutionary socialism. The concept of the united front has also been invoked by non-Leninist authors. | wiki-intro | 0 | 17.258499 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Coris cuvieri'
Coris cuvieri, the African wrasse, African coris | Coris cuvieri, the African wrasse, African coris, or simply wrasse, is a species of marine fish in the family Scaridae. It is endemic to the eastern Atlantic Ocean and its range extends from Senegal in the west to the Cape Verde Islands in the east. It can be found at depths of up to 50 m.
The African wrasse is a small fish with a broad head and a long, slender body. The dorsal fin has 11 to 13 soft rays and the anal fin has five soft rays. The body is gray with black spots on each side and a black stripe down the center of the back. The wrasse feeds on small fish, crustaceans, and other invertebrates. It is a popular aquarium fish. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.688695 | [
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Oscar Rabin (born Oskar Yakovlevich Rabin [also | Oscar Rabin (born Oskar Yakovlevich Rabin [also transliterated as 'Rabine']) ; Moscow, 2 January 1928 - Florence, 7 November 2018) was a major Russian painter and activist who defined the core of the Soviet Nonconformist Art movement, affecting the careers of countless painters and sculptors of that era and its aftermath. Biography
Born in Moscow on January 2, 1928 in the family of doctors Yakov Rakhmilovich Rabin (originally from Ukraine) and Veronika Martynovna Anderman (from Latvia). In 1946-1948 he studied at the Art Academy of Latvia in Riga. In 1948-1949 he studied at the Surikov Art Institute in Moscow. Oscar Rabin was one of the originators of the nonconformism era and a key organizer of what is now referred to as the 'Lianozovo Group', a collective which grew around (1893-1979). Over a period of seven years (1958-1965), the former camp barracks in Lianozovo, where Oskar Rabin lived with his wife, Valentina Kropivnitskaya, acted as the center of the progressive intelligentsia. Soviet material life and its dramatic absurdity was for many years the central theme of Rabin’s creativity. The artist’s favorite genres included landscape, still life and interiors, continuing in the tradition of 1920s European expressionism. Rabin uses a distortion of perspective, the principles of deformation and the destruction of large-scale relationships. | wiki-intro | 0 | 40.808884 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'William Rashleigh (cricketer)'
William Rashleigh (7 March 1867 – 13 | William Rashleigh (7 March 1867 – 13 February 1937) was an English cricketer who played first-class cricket for Kent County Cricket Club and Oxford University between 1885 and 1901. He was born at Farningham in Kent and died at Balcombe in Sussex. Cricket career
Rashleigh was the son of farmer and cricketer William Boys Rashleigh. He played in the Tonbridge School XI from 1882 to 1885, and made his first-class debut for Kent on 24 August 1885. He went up to Brasenose College, Oxford that autumn. he gained his blue as a freshman. In July 1886 he joined Kingsmill Key in a stand of 243, a record first-wicket partnership at that time in a Varsity Match; both batsmen hit centuries, but no other batsman in the innings reached double figures. Altogether in first-class cricket he passed one hundred in nine innings. The right-handed batsman's top score of 163 was made against Middlesex in June 1896. | wiki-intro | 0 | 24.444849 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Norrland terrain'
Norrland terrain is a geomorphic unit | Norrland terrain is a geomorphic unit in Sweden. It covers parts of the provinces of Jämtland, Härjedalen, Västerbotten, Norrbotten and Ångermanland. The terrain is characterized by rolling hills and plateaus with valleys, peaks and glaciers.
The bedrock is Precambrian granite and gneiss. The natural vegetation is mainly spruce forests and birch forests. There are also large areas of heathland and moors. The major rivers are the Lule, Gudbrandsdalen, Långsjön, Vindelälven and Öresund. | wiki-intro | 1 | 14.985152 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Pantouflage'
The term pantouflage refers to a practice | The term pantouflage refers to a practice of camouflage designed to make a soldier or military vehicle less visible to the enemy. It is also used more broadly to describe any scheme or technique for concealing or disguising something.
Pantouflage was first used during World War I as a means of making soldiers and military vehicles less visible to the enemy. The term was first used in 1915 by French artist Georges Picquart when he created a painting called "La Guerre des Pantins" (The War of the Dolls). The painting features dolls dressed in different camouflage uniforms, which makes the dolls less visible to the enemy.
During World War II, pantouflage became an important tool for Allied soldiers fighting against Nazi Germany. Nazi Germany was known for its use of dark green and brown uniforms, which made their soldiers very visible to Allied soldiers. Allied soldiers developed several schemes for using pantouflage to make their soldiers less visible to the enemy. These schemes included using different shades of green and brown, making use of vegetation, and using civilian clothes as camouflage.
Following World War II, pantouflage remained an important tool for military personnel fighting in Cold War conflicts. Many of the same schemes used during World War II were still effective in hiding soldiers from the enemy. However, new technologies such as radar have made pantouflage less effective in recent conflicts. | wiki-intro | 1 | 11.563128 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Mirror Building'
The Mirror Building also called the Butterfield | The Mirror Building also called the Butterfield Overland Mail Company Los Angeles Building was a large building in the City of Los Angeles. Butterfield Overland Mail Company built the large brick building in 1858. The Mirror Building was designated a California Historic Landmark (No.744) on July 05, 1960. The Mirror Building had business offices and housing space for traveling workers. There was a large stable in the back of the buildings for the horses, along with a large workshop to repair the stagecoaches. The first Butterfield Overland Mail stagecoach from St. Louis to arrive was on October 7, 1858. The Butterfield Overland Mail Company was founded by John Butterfield, he later would be the founder of American Express. While the Mirror Building was being built the Butterfield Overland Mail Company rented space from the Bella Union Hotel. The Los Angeles Butterfield Overland Mail Company closed in 1861. In 1861 the Mirror Building became the Office of U.S. Quartermaster. The U.S. Quartermaster use the stable for army horses and mules. The stable also had space to support the camels used at Fort Tejon and other west outpost. From 1858, Fort Tejon was the western terminus of the experimental U.S. Camel Corps, which used imported camels in an effort to carry supplies across arid regions in the Southwest. The soldiers found the camels hardy, but temperamental, and they spooked the horses used by the cavalry.
From 1884 to 1888 the Mirror Building was used as Los Angeles City Hall. The site of the former Mirror Building is now Los Angeles Times Building at 202 West 1st Street built in 1935. The current Times Building has a small museum about the Mirror Building and other offices that were on the site, located at 125 South Spring Street. The 1947 New Times Building, is sometimes called Mirror Building due to the site of the original Mirror Building. | wiki-intro | 0 | 23.16341 | [
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Pre-Computer animation How did animators create shows and cartoons before having the use of computers? Explain like I' m five. | Before computers, animators used a technique called "traditional animation" to create shows and cartoons. This involved drawing each frame of the animation by hand, using pencils and paper.
To create an animated show or cartoon, the animators would first come up with a story and design the characters and settings. They would then draw the characters and backgrounds on sheets of paper, called "cells," using pencils.
Next, they would take photos of the cells, called "cels," using a special camera called an "animation camera." The cels would be placed on top of a painted background image, called a "matte," and the camera would take a picture of the cel and matte together.
The animators would then repeat this process, drawing new cels for each frame of the animation and taking pictures of them. When the pictures were played back in rapid succession, it would create the illusion of movement and bring the characters and story to life.
Traditional animation was a labor-intensive process that required a lot of skill and patience, but it allowed animators to create complex and detailed animations that are still loved by many people today. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 43.349335 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Three Legged Cross'
Three Legged Cross is an extended village | Three Legged Cross is an extended village within Verwood civil parish in east Dorset, England. It lies to the south of the town of Verwood and to the north of West Moors. Its population in 2014 was estimated at 2,740. Origins
Various explanations have been put forward for the etymology of 'Three Legged Cross', which is recorded as a toponym from the sixteenth century onwards. One theory is that a type of gibbet known as a 'three-legged mare' once stood here; another theory is that there may once have been a boundary stone in the area marking the convergence of three great estates: Lord Shaftesbury's to the west, Lord Normanton's to the north and east, and the nineteenth-century banking family, the Rolles-Fryer's, to the south. The simpler explanation is that the name signifies the zigzagging configuration of the B3072 through this district, whereby the road is effectively divided into three separate stretches, or 'legs'. | wiki-intro | 0 | 27.207277 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Sampot'
A sampot , a long, rectangular cloth | A sampot , a long, rectangular cloth worn around the lower body, is a traditional dress in Cambodia. It can be draped and folded in several different ways. The traditional dress is similar to the dhoti of Southern Asia. It is also worn in the neighboring countries of Laos and Thailand where it is known as pha nung . Origins
The Sampot dates back to the Funan era when a Cambodian king ordered the people of his kingdom to wear the Sampot at the request of Chinese envoys. It is similar to the lungi and dhoti worn in the Indian subcontinent, the longyi worn in Burma, and the sarong worn in maritime Southeast Asia. Silk weaving was an important part of Cambodia's cultural past. People from Takéo Province have woven silk since the Funan era and records, bas-reliefs, and Zhou Daguan's report have shown that looms were used to weave sompots since ancient times. | wiki-intro | 0 | 45.489033 | [
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What exactly is a nuclear bomb? What goes on inside? Explain like I' m five. | A nuclear reaction happens when fissile (splittable) material is hit by a neutron. The material splits into smaller bits, giving off energy and more neutrons. If these neutrons hit other bits of fissile material, then the reaction will continue to happen. A nuclear bomb is that reaction, happening very quickly in a very small space. The fissile material is compressed using shaped explosives, which explode all around it and force it into a very small space. This way, the neutrons will very quickly find more fissile material to react with and continue the reaction. Once this happens many times, the energy has to go somewhere. It ends up heating the air to such a high temperature that the air has to expand very quickly. This creates a blast wave or shockwave, which is like a moving wall of air. Whatever gets in the way of this wave is broken up or destroyed due to the sheer (and maybe shear) force. The smaller bits of material that split off from the fissile material are spread around by the explosion and by wind currents and emit radiation. This is called fallout. Well there are two things you could be asking, how a nuclear reaction takes place, and what physically happens inside the bomb to make it go off. For the sake of simplicity I'm going to talk about the only two bombs ever used in anger, the Little Boy and Fat Man bombs used on Japan in WWII. Both of these bombs use a process known as Fission, which literally mean the splitting of something into two parts. In this case what we are splitting are atoms. An atom, in the most basic sense is made up of a nucleus, and electrons that orbit it, sort of the same way moons orbit planets ([here is a picture for reference] (URL_ 1)). The goal of a fission reaction is to cause the nucleus to become unstable and break apart which releases the electrons from their orbits to shoot off in all different directions. This is in essence what any explosion is, a very rapid uncontrolled release of electrons. * * So how do they do that? * * First you need to pick the right atom to split. Some elements are too stable, and others don't have enough electrons to make the reaction worthwhile. There are 4 different materials you can use to create a fission reaction; two types of uranium, and two types of plutonium. Once you have your fuel all you need to do is make it unstable. The most common way to do this is to hit the nucleus with neutrons (one of the two materials that make up the nucleus of an atom). This causes the nucleus to become unstable and break apart releasing all the electrons. * * So what happens to all those bits of flying atoms? * * Once a fission reaction has started all the electrons that are released take the form of visible light, heat, and movement (aka an explosion). The neutrons that go shooting off are actually the most important part in all this. They start hitting other atoms of the uranium/plutonium and start triggering more reactions, which is why fission is sometimes called a chain reaction. The more atoms you break apart the more neutrons you release, and the more neutrons you release the more atoms you can break apart. Because there can be billions and billions of atoms in a single piece of uranium/plutonium the amount of energy released from a reaction like this is staggering. By comparison, 10 kg (22lbs) of dynamite can maybe blow up a small building, 10 kg of plutonium can destroy a city of a quarter of a million people. * * So how do they fit all this into a bomb? * * What's quite interesting about the bombs used in WWII is how different they are, they use different fuels, and different triggers. The Little Boy bomb has a characteristic [long and thin design] (URL_ 2), this is because the design would literally "shoot" a piece of uranium from one end to the other to start the reaction. [The Fat Man] (URL_ 0) bomb put its plutonium core in the middle of a much larger ball of comp-B (an older version of explosive similar to C-4). When the comp-B was detonated it crushed the plutonium with enough energy to start the fission reaction. Energy is needed to hold atoms together. So if we find an element that doesn't too much like its current configuration and wants to be in a less'energy-needy'state, we can smash a neutron into it, breaking it. However since the remaining particles have less mass than the starting particle, the excess mass becomes energy! Uranium-235 matches that description quite well too. So! We need a bunch of U-235, jam it into an extremely small area and fire a neutron into it. Hopefully it will chain react and convert all the uranium into lighter elements leaving an amazing explosion created from energy left over. Although, only a small percent of the uranium will actual undergo fission(Fission is what we call splitting elements to put it simply). The bomb itself will have a very set of specific parts to make sure this happens. Explosive charges to compress the uranium is a main one. The conditions need to be perfect for it work, you cant just slap it all together, it wont chain react fast enough. So now we just made a bunch of energy in a small place, what does that mean? This means a lot of heat. Like a lot of heat. Like more than the surface of the Sun hot. This heats up the air, and hot gases like to expand. Since this is ridiculously hot, it will expand ridiculously fast. This is the blast wave which is essentially a wall of air and it will totally annihilate anything close to the bomb and will propagate outwards. There is also a fireball at the center which will also destroy everything near it but its a lot more compact than the blast. There is also unspent fuel which is nuclear fallout which if ingested can severely injure human beings. The brightness of a the blast is also intense enough to burn you to a crisp depending on the distance. Tldr: Find something which can make a huge amount of energy compared to what'you'put in, make it react VERY quickly, the nature of gases near this thing will cause most of the damage. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 21.211636 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Constantine Overton'
Constantine Overton (1626/7—c. 1700?), was an English | Constantine Overton (1626/7—c. 1700?), was an English lawyer and antiquarian.
He was the son of John Overton of Overton, Lancashire, and his wife, Ursula Howarth. He was educated at Brasenose College, Oxford, where he graduated B.A. in 1648 and M.A. in 1651. He then studied law at the Middle Temple and was called to the bar in 1656.
Overton began his legal career as a barrister, but soon became interested in antiquities and began to collect them. He became a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries in 1671 and was elected its president in 1685. In 1686 he published "A Catalogue of Ancient Coins found in Lincolnshire", which is now known as the "Overton Catalogue".
Overton died around 1700, probably in London.
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Old Order Brethren'
Old Order Brethren are Old Order plain | Old Order Brethren are Old Order plain groups of the Schwarzenau Brethren. There are five of these “Old Order” groups: Old German Baptist Brethren, emerged 1881, with about 4,500 members the largest of these Old Order groups and more liberal than the following three groups.
Old Brethren, emerged 1913, with about 250 members in 2000, a bit more conservative than the Old German Baptist Brethren, with decision making authority being in the local congregations rather than Annual Meeting, but in many aspects similar to the OGBB.
Old Order German Baptist Brethren, emerged 1921, with about 125 members in 2000, a horse and buggy group that uses tractors for field and agricultural work.
Old Brethren German Baptists, emerged 1939, with about 130 members in 2015, a horse and buggy group that also uses horses for field work, the most conservative group.
Old German Baptist Brethren, New Conference, emerged 2009, with about 2,800 members, a more liberal split from the Old German Baptist Brethren. | wiki-intro | 0 | 40.427773 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Eva von Sacher-Masoch'
Eva von Sacher-Masoch, Baroness Erisso (4 December | Eva von Sacher-Masoch, Baroness Erisso (4 December 1912 – 22 May 1991) was an Austrian aristocrat, great-niece of author Leopold von Sacher-Masoch (1836–1895) whose father Leopold Johann Nepomuk Ritter von Sacher ("Ritter" meaning knight, a title of nobility), combined his own with the von Masoch Slovak aristocratic title of his wife (last in that line) when his loyal services as Commissioner of the Imperial Police Forces in Lemberg (in present-day Ukraine) were rewarded with a new title, Sacher-Masoch (disambiguation, in German), by the Austrian Emperor. Life and career
Born Eva Hermine von Sacher-Masoch, Freiin Erisso, she was the grand-niece of Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, author of Venus in Furs, and was the mother of Marianne Faithfull. She was born in Budapest, when it was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Her parents were Artur Wolfgang, Ritter von Sacher-Masoch (1875–1953) and his wife, Flora (Ziprisz). She was the sister of renowned novelist Alexander von Sacher-Masoch (1901–1972). Her mother was Jewish. | wiki-intro | 0 | 22.504065 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Shannon Evans'
Shannon Evans II (born July 19, 1994 | Shannon Evans II (born July 19, 1994 in Suffolk, Virginia) is an American-Guinean basketball player for Real Betis Baloncesto of the Liga ACB. He competed in college for Buffalo and Arizona State. Early life and high school career
Evans is the son of Shannon and Armona Evans. He was a multi-sport athlete growing up, playing cornerback and receiver in football as well as playing center field in baseball, though basketball remained his favorite. At Nansemond River High School, Evans was coached by Ed Young, and the two had a contentious relationship. He joined the varsity team as a sophomore but Young sent him down to junior varsity since he did not think Evans was ready. As a junior, Evans started the season as a bench player but joined the starting lineup after scoring 27 points in his first start. He received some college looks after his senior season, but his SAT scores did not qualify him for a college scholarship, so he opted for a postgraduate year at prep school Hargrave Military Academy. His parents, grandparents, and great-aunt helped him pay for tuition, with his mother cashing out her 401(k) account. Evans received scholarship offers before his first game and committed to Buffalo. | wiki-intro | 0 | 16.308735 | [
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The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program (GVP) | The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program (GVP) documents Earth's volcanoes and their eruptive history over the past 10,000 years. The GVP reports on current eruptions from around the world as well as maintaining a database repository on active volcanoes and their eruptions. In this way, a global context for the planet's active volcanism is presented. Smithsonian reporting on current volcanic activity dates back to 1968, with the Center for Short-Lived Phenomena (CSLP). The GVP is housed in the Department of Mineral Sciences, part of the National Museum of Natural History, on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. During the early stages of an eruption, the GVP acts as a clearing house of reports, data, and imagery which are accumulated from a global network of contributors. The early flow of information is managed such that the right people are contacted as well as helping to sort out vague and contradictory aspects that typically arise during the early days of an eruption. | wiki-intro | 0 | 19.758169 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Catherine Meusburger'
Catherine Meusburger (born 7 January 1978) is | Catherine Meusburger (born 7 January 1978) is an Austrian mathematician and physicist. Her main research interests are in string theory. Since 2011 she has served as professor of mathematics at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg. Meusburger grew up in Heidelberg, where she graduated from Kurfürst-Friedrich-Gymnasium; according to her curriculum vitae, she finished with the highest results in the school. She then went on to study physics at the University of Freiburg from 1996 to 2001, where she wrote the thesis The Quantisation of the algebra of invariants of the closed bosonic Nambu–Goto String using a concrete realization, for which she won the Gustav-Mies Prize 2002 for best thesis, and graduated with distinction. Two months later she was at the Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh to work on her PhD in the department of mathematics under Bernd Schroers; her thesis was titled Phase space and quantisation of (2+1)-dimensional gravity in the Chern–Simons formulation. | wiki-intro | 0 | 25.067057 | [
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How do you determine “ excess cash” for Enterprise Value calculations from a balance sheet? | Excess Cash = Cash & Equivalents + Long-Term Investments-Current Liabilities The problem this calculation of excess cash is that "long-term investments" can be illiquid things like real estate. Another flaw is that it gives no credit for Current Assets, like receivables, which can be used to offset Current Liabilities. The first thing I' d do is "net out" Current Assets and Current Liabilities, then add Cash back in. Excess Cash = Current Assets-Current Liabilities + Cash & Equivalents. It would be nice if GAAP would require Long-Term Investments to be broken out as a) liquid long-term investments (stocks, bonds) b) illiquid long-term investments (real estate, private equity, etc) | hc3-finance | 0 | 15.595331 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Glicínia Quartin'
Glicínia Quartin (1924 2006) was a Portuguese | Glicínia Quartin (1924 2006) was a Portuguese stage, film and television actor who received several awards for her performances. Early life and training
Glicínia Vieira Quartin was born on 19 December 1924, in the Portuguese capital of Lisbon. She was the daughter of the radical teacher, freemason and feminist Deolinda Lopes Vieira and of the anarchist intellectual, António Pinto Quartin. At home, she was exposed to the friends of her parents who were journalists, writers, teachers and members of the feminist movement, such as Maria Lamas and Ana de Castro Osório. Quartin married at the age of 21, against her parents' wishes. Initially studying agronomy for a year, she then transferred to the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, graduating in 1954 in biological sciences, while also studying nutrition. She then worked as a marine biologist for 7 years, investigating, in part, the overfishing of cod. This took her to Norway, Greenland and Lowestoft in England to work as an intern. | wiki-intro | 0 | 22.476122 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Chetta Chevalier'
Henrietta Chetta Chevalier (2 April 1901 | Henrietta Chetta Chevalier (2 April 1901 – 10 April 1988) was a British film actress, singer, and dancer.
Henrietta Chetta Chevalier was born in London on 2 April 1901 to Italian parents. She began her career as a dancer and appeared in stage productions before making her first film appearance in 1928. She went on to appear in over 150 films over the next several decades, often playing supporting roles in B-movies and low-budget horror movies. She also made several successful recordings of popular songs from the 1930s and 1940s. She retired from acting in the early 1960s, but continued to make occasional appearances into the 1980s. She died on 10 April 1988 at the age of 85. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.953509 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Arthur MacNalty'
Sir Arthur Salusbury MacNalty (20 October | Sir Arthur Salusbury MacNalty (20 October 1880 – 11 April 1969) was the 8th Chief Medical Officer of the United Kingdom. Arthur MacNalty was also a ground breaking medical scientist. In 1908, early in his career, he joined with the Welshman Thomas Lewis (cardiologist) to demonstrate that tracings from the nascent science of electrocardiography (ECG) could be used as a tool for diagnosing Heart block. This use of electrocardiography to diagnose heart block was the earliest use of ECG technology in cardiology and clinical medicine. He was a pioneer in the modern discipline of public health and in the speciality of preventive medicine. In the 1930s, MacNalty became among the earliest public health authorities, if not the earliest, to warn against the serious medical dangers of fad dieting (slimming) and anti-obesity medications. He was particularly concerned with the neurological side effects of the popular practice of dosing with thyroid extract to lose weight. MacNalty was a prolific author of acclaimed medical and other histories, which have retained their value.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/shakespeare/article-3130 See, also, Encyclopædia Britannica'''s Guide to Shakespeare]</ref>"Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots (1542-1587), Annotated Bibliography" Retrieved 18 May 2013, King's College, History Department, Women's History, "MacNalty, Arthur Salusbury, Sir. Mary, Queen of Scots, Daughter of Debate. London: Christopher Johnson, 1960. This book provides a more sympathetic view of Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots. Its author attempts to explain Mary Stuart's actions as negative side effects of her many debilitating ailments. The author's belief is that Mary Stuart was not a cruel, conspiring, and murderous woman, but was merely a victim of bad circumstances. The opinion of the author allows the reader to have another option to choose from on Mary Stuart's character. This source allows the researcher to realize that there is another argument for Mary's behavior." He is the author of 96 books in the fields of medicine and history in 154 publications in three languages, which are held in at least 2,700 library collections. Life | wiki-intro | 0 | 27.986261 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Julius Page'
Julius Marvin Page (born February 26, 1982) | Julius Marvin Page (born February 26, 1982) is an American former professional basketball player. An athletic combo guard whose vertical leap was reported to be , he played high school basketball at Turner-Carroll High School in Buffalo, New York. He then played college basketball with the Pittsburgh Panthers, staying for 4 years: in his junior season in 2003 he was named Big East Tournament MVP and was a third-team all-conference selection. After going undrafted in the 2004 NBA draft, Page started a professional career in the Continental Basketball Association, playing for the Idaho Stampede. He has also played in Germany and Israel before retiring from professional basketball in 2009. High school career
Page played for Turner-Carroll High School, a Catholic school in the East Side of his hometown of Buffalo, New York. As a sophomore, Page was selected as a starter of the varsity team, and the school won the Class C state championship. In his junior year, he averaged 22 points, 6 rebounds and 4 assists per game, and his team won the Class B state title; he was named in the All-Western New York First Team at the end of the season. | wiki-intro | 0 | 11.54455 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Double layer forces'
Double layer forces occur between charged objects | Double layer forces occur between charged objects when they are in close proximity to one another. The forces are caused by the charges repelling each other.
Double layer forces can be very strong and can cause physical objects to move or be repelled. They can also have a significant impact on the behavior of charged particles and molecules. | wiki-intro | 1 | 12.834823 | [
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"There are more stars in the universe than there are grains of sand on all of Earth's beaches" Who counted all that sand? Please explain like I' m five. | This statement is an approximation that is often used to help people understand how vast the universe is. It is not meant to be taken literally, as it would be impossible for anyone to count all of the grains of sand on all of Earth's beaches. Instead, it is a way of saying that there are a very large number of stars in the universe, much more than we could possibly count.
Scientists have estimates of the number of stars in the universe based on observations and calculations, but it is not possible to count every single star. There are billions of galaxies in the universe, and each galaxy can contain billions of stars. So the total number of stars is likely to be much, much larger than the number of grains of sand on all of Earth's beaches. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 6.356267 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Brendan Bowyer'
Brendan Bowyer (12 October 1938 – 28 | Brendan Bowyer (12 October 1938 – 28 February 2010) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.
Born in Glasgow, Bowyer played for various clubs in the Scottish Football League, most notably Rangers where he made over 350 appearances between 1959 and 1972. He also played for English clubs Blackpool, Bolton Wanderers and Sunderland. He represented Scotland 31 times, making his debut in 1961.
He died in 2010 at the age of 75. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.661733 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Csehbánya Formation'
The Csehbánya Formation is a geological formation | The Csehbánya Formation is a geological formation in the Transdanubian Mountains of Veszprém County, Hungary. The formation dates to the Late Santonian (around 85-84 million years ago) of the Late Cretaceous. It represents a floodplain environment as opposed to the swampy lacustrine environment of the simultaneous Ajka Coal Formation, though there is complete overlap in terms of fauna. It underlies the Jákó Marl Formation, and laterally transitions to the Ajka Coal Formation. Geology
The lithology of the unit is a cyclic variation of conglomerate, sandstone, variegated siltstone, clay and marl layers with some sporadic thin coal seams. It is uncomfortably overlies the Late Triassic Main Dolomite Formation, which has deposits of the Upper Cretaceous Nagytárkány Bauxite Formation within deep karstic sinkholes in the formation. There is a basal conglomerate of dolomite clasts at the base of the Csehbánya formation. The main exposed portion of the formation is called the Iharkút locality, which is a disused bauxite quarry. At this location due to Paleogene uplift, it is uncomfortably overlain by the Lutetian Ikharkút Conglomerate. In the upper levels of the formation, there are sandstone lens beds present, which represent channel bodies. These are indicative of an anastomosing fluvial system. The exposure at this locality is between 100–150 m. Most of the fossils are found within the SZ-6 site at the locality, which is interpreted as a lag channel deposit | wiki-intro | 0 | 36.571995 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'The Essex Green'
The Essex Green is an American indie | The Essex Green is an American indie rock band from Los Angeles, California. The band was formed in 2009 by lead singer and songwriter Alex Gaskarth and drummer Zac Carper.
The Essex Green is an American indie rock band from Los Angeles, California. The band was formed in 2009 by lead singer and songwriter Alex Gaskarth and drummer Zac Carper. The group's sound is a mix of blues-influenced rock and pop-based melodies. They have released one EP, one album, and two singles. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.656684 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Gaby Dela Merced'
Gabrielle Dela Merced (born June 10, 1982) | Gabrielle Dela Merced (born June 10, 1982) is an American actress and model. She is best known for her roles in the television series ER and Weeds.
Dela Merced was born in Southern California, to parents of Mexican descent. She has two younger sisters. She began her acting career at the age of six, appearing in a number of commercials and minor roles on television shows. After starring as the title character in the children's television series Gaby, Dela Merced made her feature film debut in the comedy Meet the Fockers (2004). She later appeared in the films War of the Worlds (2005) and The 40-Year-Old Virgin (2005), both of which received critical acclaim. Dela Merced also starred in the television series Weeds as Nancy Botwin from 2006 to 2012. In 2013, she starred alongside Emma Roberts and Jessica Alba in the romantic comedy Safe House. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.815011 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Fernley H. Banbury'
Fernley Hope Banbury (22 December 1881 – | Fernley Hope Banbury (22 December 1881 – 9 March 1970) was an American botanist and plant taxonomist who specialized in the classification of flowering plants.
Banbury was born in New York City on 22 December 1881 to Fletcher Banbury, a wealthy investment banker, and his wife, Fernley Hope. Banbury received her early education at home before attending the Convent of the Sacred Heart in Manhattan. She then attended Vassar College, where she majored in botany and mathematics.
Banbury began her career as a research assistant at Harvard University, where she worked with Asa Gray and Ernest William Goodrich. In 1906, she moved to the University of Michigan, where she served as an associate professor of botany until 1936. During her time at Michigan, Banbury published several influential works on botanical Classification and taxonomy.
Banbury retired from Michigan in 1936 and moved to Berkeley, California. There, she continued her research into plant classification and taxonomy until her death on 9 March 1970. Banbury is remembered for her contributions to the field of botany, as well as her passion for gardening. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.359232 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Shororipu 2: Jotugriho'
Shororipu 2: Jotugriho is a 2021 Indian | Shororipu 2: Jotugriho is a 2021 Indian Bengali-language psychological crime-thriller written and directed by Ayan Chakraborty. It is the second film in the Shororipu franchise. Rupa Dutta is the producer and Camellia Productions is the presenter. The film stars Chiranjeet Chakraborty, Arunima Ghosh, and Saswata Chatterjee in lead roles. The story follows a girl Megha (Ghosh), who was getting ready to marry her boyfriend but in a shocking turn of events she to marry her father’s friend Debraj. After eight years of oppressed marriage life Debraj dies in mysterious circumstances. Detective Chandrakanta (played by Chakraborty) investigates the case. Plot
In a shocking turn of events, Megha, who was getting ready to marry her boyfriend, must now marry Debraj, her father's friend. Eight years go by and she suffers extreme psychological turmoil until one day Debraj is found dead. Is it an accident or a murder? Detective Chandrakanta is called to investigate. | wiki-intro | 0 | 24.810791 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Leona Lewis discography'
British singer Leona Lewis has released five | British singer Leona Lewis has released five studio albums, twenty-five singles, one live video album, one extended play and twenty-five music videos. Following winning the third series of British television talent show, The X Factor in 2006, Lewis released "A Moment Like This" in the United Kingdom and Ireland, which became the fastest selling single ever by a female artist in the UK. Her follow-up single, "Bleeding Love" reached number one in 35 countries, and was the biggest-selling single of 2008 worldwide. The song has had over two billion streams. Lewis's first studio album, Spirit was released to follow the single; it became the fastest-selling debut album of all time in the UK and Ireland, and the first debut album by a British solo artist to debut at number one on the Billboard 200. As of April 2012, Spirit is the 20th biggest-selling album of all time in the UK. The next single, "Better in Time", was also successful worldwide, reaching the top ten in many countries. Subsequent singles "Forgive Me" and "Run" were released across Europe and Australia; "Forgive Me" went on to moderate success, while "Run" became Lewis's third number one in the UK, and also reached the top spot in Austria and Ireland. "I Will Be" was released as the final single in North America. Her second studio album, Echo was released in November 2009, spawning two singles. Lead single "Happy" reached the top five in various countries in Europe, and "I Got You" was a released as the second single. She recorded the theme song, "I See You", for the 2009 film Avatar, then in 2010 featured on the soundtracks of Sex and the City 2 and For Colored Girls. In November 2010 Lewis released a video album of her tour The Labyrinth, entitled The Labyrinth Tour Live from The O2. Lewis's third album, Glassheart, was released in October 2012. "Collide" was planned as the lead single for the album, but did not make the final track listing; "Trouble" was released as the lead single instead, and "Lovebird" was released subsequently. | wiki-intro | 0 | 12.711056 | [
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What exactly are headaches, and what causes them? What are headaches actually in your head? And what causes them to happen? Explain like I' m five. | Headaches are a common health problem that most people experience at some point in their lives. They can range in intensity from mild to severe and can occur in different parts of the head.
Headaches happen when something irritates or presses on certain nerves in the head or neck. There are many different things that can cause a headache, including tension, sinus problems, eyestrain, and dehydration.
In your head, there are tiny blood vessels that carry oxygen and other nutrients to your brain. Sometimes, these blood vessels can become swollen or inflamed, which can cause a headache. Other times, muscles in the neck or scalp can become tense or tight, which can also cause a headache.
So, a headache is basically a pain or discomfort in the head, face, or neck that can be caused by different things. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 29.822309 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Eucalyptus nicholii'
Eucalyptus nicholii, commonly known as the narrow-leaved | Eucalyptus nicholii, commonly known as the narrow-leaved black peppermint or willow peppermint, is a species of small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to New South Wales. It has thick, rough, fibrous bark on the trunk and branches, small, narrow adult leaves, flower buds arranged in groups of seven, white flowers and small, hemispherical, bell-shaped or conical fruit. Description
Eucalyptus nicholii is a tree that typically grows to a height of and forms a lignotuber. It has thick, rough, fibrous, yellowish-brown to grey-brown bark with red-brown underlayers. The bark is coarsely fissured on the trunk and branches, but the outer branches sometimes have smooth bark that is shed in short ribbons. Young plants and coppice regrowth have dull, greyish, linear to narrow lance-shaped leaves long and wide. Adult leaves are the same dull greyish green on both sides, narrow lance-shaped, long and wide on a petiole long. The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of seven on an unbranched peduncle long, the individual buds on pedicels long. Mature buds are oval, long and wide with a conical operculum. Flowering occurs from late summer to early autumn and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody hemispherical, bell-shaped or conical capsule long and wide with the valves protruding slightly above the rim of the fruit. | wiki-intro | 0 | 22.736504 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Minnesota Duluth Bulldogs'
The Minnesota Duluth Bulldogs are the athletic | The Minnesota Duluth Bulldogs are the athletic teams that represent the University of Minnesota Duluth in Duluth, Minnesota. The Bulldogs compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division III and are members of the Northern Athletic Conference (NAC).
The Bulldogs' athletic program began in 1892 when they fielded a men's ice hockey team. In 1909, the team became a member of the Minnesota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (MIAC). In 1961, the Bulldogs became a member of the NCAA. They have since competed in Division III, where they have been members of the NAC since 1973. The Bulldogs have won six MIAC championships and seven NCAA championships. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.717303 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Milton County, Georgia'
Milton County was a county of the | Milton County was a county of the U.S. state of Georgia from to . It was created on December 18, 1857, from parts of northeastern Cobb, southeastern Cherokee, and southwestern Forsyth counties. The county was named for John Milton, Secretary of State of Georgia from 1777 to 1799. Alpharetta was the county seat until the end of 1931, when Milton was merged with Fulton County to save it from bankruptcy during the Great Depression. At that time, Campbell County, which had already gone bankrupt, was also ceded to Fulton, giving it its 70-mile (110 km) long irregular shape along the Chattahoochee River. Following the 1932 merger, the Cobb County town of Roswell was also ceded to Fulton four months later on May 9, 1932. The cession of Roswell (including everything east of Willeo Creek) made the new county more contiguous, though a very narrow strip (what is now the Dunwoody Panhandle of Sandy Springs, ceded to Milton from DeKalb) actually already connected the two sections. | wiki-intro | 0 | 26.228151 | [
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