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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Teatro da Cornucópia'
Teatro da Cornucópia is a theatre company | Teatro da Cornucópia is a theatre company based in São Paulo, Brazil. It was founded by José Carlos Ferreira and Claudio Santoro in 1998.
The company's name refers to the mythological creature known as the Cornucopia, which is said to be a goddess of fertility, abundance and wealth. The theatre's goal is to promote Brazilian culture through its productions and to educate its audience about Brazilian history and culture.
The theatre has produced more than 20 productions over the years, including plays by José Saramago, Augusto Boal and Henrique Cardoso. In 2013, Teatro da Cornucópia received the prestigious Prêmio Jabuti award for its production of Henrique Cardoso's play O Rei do Silêncio. | wiki-intro | 1 | 14.409366 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Marcel Ichac'
Marcel Ichac (22 October 1906 - 9 | Marcel Ichac (22 October 1906 - 9 January 1988) was a French composer, conductor and pianist.
Born in Toulouse, France, Ichac studied at the Paris Conservatoire with Maurice Ravel and Nadia Boulanger. He made his debut as a pianist in 1927 and soon began composing. Ichac's works include orchestral and chamber music, vocal works and film scores. He served as music director of the Radio-France Symphony Orchestra from 1947 to 1958 and of the Orchestre National de France from 1958 to 1974. Ichac was also a professor at the Conservatoire de Paris. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.269448 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Sound Transit'
Sound Transit (ST), officially the Central Puget | Sound Transit (ST), officially the Central Puget Sound Regional Transit Authority, is a regional public transportation system serving the Seattle metropolitan area in Washington state. The system was formed in 1987 by the merger of the Metropolitan Transit Authority of Greater Seattle and King County Metro Transit. Sound Transit serves over 260,000 daily passengers on 74 bus routes and two light rail lines, the Central Link and the Link Extension. The agency's administrative offices are located in Tukwila, Washington.
Sound Transit began operations on January 1, 1987, after the merger of Metropolitan Transit Authority of Greater Seattle and King County Metro Transit. The system was created to provide a coordinated regional public transportation system for the Seattle metropolitan area. The system is governed by a seven-member Board of Directors, with three members appointed by the Governor of Washington and four members elected by the citizens of Pierce, Snohomish, King, and Kitsap counties. Sound Transit also employs over 2,000 employees to manage its operations.
As of October 1, 2018, Sound Transit operates 74 bus routes and two light rail lines: the Central Link (operated by Sound Transit Express) and the Link Extension (operated by Sound Transit). The Central Link extends light rail service from downtown Seattle to Tukwila International Boulevard in SeaTac; construction on the Link Extension commenced in March 2016 and opened to regular service on July 18, 2019. In addition to these mainline services, Sound Transit operates a number of feeder routes that connect to its major lines.
Sound Transit has | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.270545 | [
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inflation Why does it happen? Is it inevitable? Why? Is there a conceivable economic system in which currency values are stagnant? Please explain like I' m five. | Inflation is the rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising, and, subsequently, purchasing power is falling. Central banks attempt to limit inflation, and avoid deflation, in order to keep the economy running smoothly. Inflation happens when the supply of money increases faster than the supply of goods and services. When there is more money chasing fewer goods, prices go up. This is why prices for things like food and clothing tend to increase over time. Inflation is not inevitable, but it is generally considered a normal part of a healthy economy. Some level of inflation is necessary because it encourages people to spend money rather than saving it, which can help to stimulate economic growth. There is no economic system in which currency values are completely stagnant, because even in systems with very low inflation, the value of money will still change over time due to factors like changes in supply and demand. However, it is possible to have low levels of inflation, or even deflation (when prices are falling), if the supply of money is carefully managed. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 8.128528 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'KRename'
KRename is a KDE software that can | KRename is a KDE software that can rename files and folders. It is a replacement for the KDE desktop's built-in file renaming tool, and includes features not available in the original tool.
KRename can rename files and folders by replacing text within the files or by creating new files with the desired names. It can also delete files and folders. Additionally, KRename can merge multiple files into one, and it can create symbolic links between files. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.804181 | [
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Ü-Tsang (དབུས་གཙང་། Wylie; dbus gtsang) is one | Ü-Tsang (དབུས་གཙང་། Wylie; dbus gtsang) is one of the three traditional provinces of Tibet, the others being Amdo in the north-east, and Kham in the east. Ngari (including former Guge kingdom) in the north-west was incorporated into Ü-Tsang. Geographically Ü-Tsang covered the south-central of the Tibetan cultural area, including the Brahmaputra River watershed. The western districts surrounding and extending past Mount Kailash are included in Ngari, and much of the vast Changtang plateau to the north. The Himalayas defined Ü-Tsang's southern border. The present Tibet Autonomous Region corresponds approximately to what was ancient Ü-Tsang and western Kham. Ü-Tsang was formed by the merging of two earlier power centers: Ü in central Tibet, controlled by the Gelug lineage of Tibetan Buddhism under the early Dalai Lamas, and Tsang which extended from Gyantse to points west, controlled by the rival Sakya lineage. Military victories by the powerful Khoshut Mongol Güshi Khan that backed 5th Dalai Lama and founded Ganden Phodrang government in 1642, consolidated power over the combined region, followed by the rule of the Qing Dynasty started in 1720 by the Qianlong Emperor that continued until the British expedition to Tibet (1903–1904). | wiki-intro | 0 | 33.214622 | [
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What are the major arguments for and against installing a flat tax system in lieu of the United States'current tiered income tax scheme? I guess in my head this just seems like the fairest way to go about it... Explain like I' m five. | Here are a few reasons why you might think a tiered income tax could paradoxically be more fair than a flat tax: * * Utility is not linear in the amount of money you have * * Say you make $30, 000 a year. If you take away half of it, that could be the difference between a meager living and poverty. Say Warren Buffet makes $10, 000, 000 a year. If you take away half of that, he won't face nearly the same troubles that you would if you lost half your income. So, to be "fair" in terms of happiness, we might need to take less money (proportionally) from the people who earn less. * * It's easier to earn money when you have money to spare * * You need a place to live. So if you work as a teacher and don't have much money you might have to rent an apartment for some money each month, because that's all you can afford. If you have a lot of money, you could buy an apartment building (for a lot of money), but then you could rent it out to people with less money. Over time, you'd get more money than you spent on it in the first place. So there are ways in which the economy favors people with money to spare, just because they have money to spare. That might make it seem fair to tax people more who have more money. Flat taxes won't work. To go in the order of tax brackets: The regressive tax works for the poor and lower class because it offsets the sales tax for those people. Sales taxes are a higher percentage of income for the poor. Paying less in income tax helps to offset that. Also, a flat tax would not allow for the earned income tax credit which allows the poor to get a greater refund than taxes paid. The middle class would be beat up by a flat tax would not offset the property tax which hits the middle class the hardest. Also, the current tax system allows a deduction for homeowners. Remove that deduction, and a lot of people are going to see it is more to their advantage to rent. If no one is buying houses, the market goes to crap. The wealthy want a flat tax because they would only pay tax on earned income. The Alternative Minimum Tax and Capital Gains Tax gets closer to taxing what they really receive in compensation through the tax year. When you look at the current system, everybody pays about the same percentage in income for taxes (about 15 % last I saw). That makes the current regressive tax system fair to all even though it leave room for all to bitch about how much they pay. 20 % of a $15k income is a huge hit. That $3000 is their food budget for over half a year; it might literally be the difference between whether or not they get to eat lunch regularly. 20 % of a $100k income is a less significant hit. The lifestyle of someone making $80k is not much different from the lifestyle of someone making $100k. Sure, you get fewer luxuries, and you might not be able to spend as much sending your kids to college. But you won't have to take two jobs to make ends meet, and you're not going to worry about going hungry next week, and you're not going to end up homeless because you can't pay your rent. So a flat tax is actually * not * the fairest way to go about it, at all. A flat tax hurts poor people much, much more. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 16.159039 | [
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Interest rates. Why do we need them? What would happen if they were outlawed (as they are in some cultures)? Explain like I' m five. | Let's say Mona and Lisa are friend, and both of them love cakes... and to satisfy their cake craving, they both know that they need to eat 8 cakes a day. Both of them are able to bake cakes. Lisa ran out of ingredients and only made 6 cakes today. Whereas Mona whom realises her ingredients going to expire today, decided to make 10 cakes out of them. Lisa asked Mona for 2 cakes; but Mona feels that although 8 cakes satisfy her cravings, she'd like to keep the 2 cakes for tonight, just incase her insatiable hunger developed again. Mona feels, she's not going to give Lisa the 2 cakes because she may want them later on, but Lisa really want it! so she promises that if Mona gives the 2 cakes to Lisa, she would give back 1 extra cake for every single day she has not returned the favour. That 1 extra cake per day is the interest rate. The 2 cakes are the principal of the loan. Also, in Mona point of view, for Mona's own interest she does not want Lisa to give back the 2 cakes. She would just be happy if Lisa pay out just the interest; so Mona would only need to bake less cake everyday. You see, if Lisa does not pay Mona back for 6 days in a row, then there would come day when Mona can just sit lazyly on the couch, not baking cakes because she can just wait for Lisa to deliver her 8 cakes. This is as ELI5 as I can explain for now. Need someone familiar with Islamic banking to answer the second question. Interest accounts for the fact that money * now * is worth more than money * later *. If I give you $200 now, and you give me $200 back in a year, that's not an equal trade; I could have used the $200 to buy something, and that something might have made me money. So to make up for that, you pay me a bit of interest. If interest was outlawed, lending would basically stop. Sure, I might still lend a bit of money to my friend if he fell on hard times, but lending wouldn't be part of the economy. The thing is, modern economies * require * lending in a lot of ways. Credit cards and mortgages and financing plans all depend on the existence of interest; if you couldn't charge interest, nobody would offer those things. Our monetary system relies on the fact that interest exists; without the ability to charge interest on things, fiat currency probably wouldn't be workable at all. Without interest, nobody has a reason to loan out money. Without loans, it is hard to do the things that make an economy grow. Let's say you want to open a restaurant. That's at least $100 K before for you sell your first hamburger. If you don't have that sitting around, you either need to work some other job for several years or find a partner who is going to own most of it instead of you. So you don't start a restaurant, or any other business... neither does anyone else, and the economy stagnates. With a loan, everything is different. Instead of waiting or getting a partner, you just get the money and retain control. You get your restaurant, the lender gets their interest, the economy grows, everyone wins. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 22.299078 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Hockey Wales'
Hockey Wales is the national governing | Hockey Wales is the national governing body for hockey in Wales. Established as the Welsh Hockey Union in 1996, by the merger of the Welsh Hockey Association (founded 1896) and the Welsh Women's Hockey Association (founded 1897), it rebranded as Hockey Wales in 2011. Hockey Wales is responsible for the administration of all aspects of the game in Wales, including clubs, competitions, development, internationals, schools, umpiring and universities. National competitions include men's and women's Welsh Cups. Internationally, Welsh players compete at the Olympic games as part of the Great Britain team. In all other competitions, including the Hockey World Cup and the Commonwealth Games, Wales' national women's team and men's team compete in their own right. The Wales hockey team also compete at the EuroHockey Nations Trophy (ENT), which was held in Wrexham in August 2009. Other countries that compete at the ENT are Belarus, Czech Republic, Ireland, Italy, Russia, Scotland and Switzerland. | wiki-intro | 0 | 11.062111 | [
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Why do mayo containers (Among other things) needs to be refrigerated only after they are opened? Is it something about the air contact with the product? What about juices? Will it be okay to eat/drink even if its not cold? Explain like I' m five. | Mayonnaise is made from oil, eggs, and vinegar, which can spoil if they are not kept in the right conditions. When mayonnaise is in a container that is sealed, it is protected from air, moisture, and bacteria, which can cause it to spoil. Once the container is opened, however, the mayonnaise is exposed to these elements, which can cause it to spoil more quickly. That is why it is important to keep mayonnaise in the refrigerator after it has been opened.
Juices can also spoil if they are not kept in the right conditions. Some juices, such as orange juice, contain a lot of natural sugars, which can provide a good environment for bacteria to grow. Other juices, such as apple juice, contain a lot of natural acids, which can help to preserve the juice and keep it from spoiling. However, it is still important to store juices in the refrigerator after they have been opened, to help keep them fresh and prevent the growth of bacteria.
If you eat or drink something that has spoiled, it can make you sick. That is why it is important to keep perishable foods, like mayonnaise and juices, in the refrigerator to help keep them fresh and safe to eat. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 12.763523 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Julie Christmas'
Julie Christmas (born December 25, 1975) is | Julie Christmas (born December 25, 1975) is an American musician from Brooklyn, New York. Christmas is her legal middle name; she was named so after the fact that she was born on Christmas day. She is the former lead singer of defunct Brooklyn-based noise rock band Made Out of Babies and the former lead singer of defunct post-metal supergroup Battle of Mice. In 2010, she released a critically acclaimed solo album titled The Bad Wife, and in 2016, she became a featured member on the Swedish post-metal band Cult of Luna's album Mariner. History
Julie Christmas spent the majority of the 2000s as the lead vocalist for the noise rock band Made Out of Babies and the short-lived post-metal supergroup Battle of Mice, the latter of which featured members of The Book of Knots, Fugees, Neurosis and Red Sparowes. She sang on three studio albums with Made Out of Babies — Trophy (2005), Coward (2006) and The Ruiner (2008) — before the band went inactive for a few years and announced that it had officially broken up in 2012. Battle of Mice released one studio album — A Day of Nights (2006) — and a few EPs with Christmas before disbanding in 2009. | wiki-intro | 0 | 22.575375 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Cambuquira'
Cambuquira is a Brazilian municipality in the | Cambuquira is a Brazilian municipality in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
It has approximately 12,812 inhabitants (2020 estimate), and the city is part of the Circuito das Águas ("Water Circuit") of Minas Gerais. History
About its origin, it is said that there was a Farm (Boa Vista Farm), which headquarters was at the Plaza of São Francisco. It belonged to three sisters called Ana, Joana and Francisca da Silva Goulart. When they died, they left the farm as inheritance for their ancient slaves, as they didn't have heirs. Soon, its mineral waters were discovered, attracting people in search of cures attributed to them.
In 1861, the city council of Campanha, dispossessed the lands, considering them as public utility. The place was set free to visitation, what allowed the development of the town in the outskirts.
In 1872, the "Arraial de Cambuquira" was established/erected in the district of Campanha.
In 1894, the Minas and Rio Railroad was inaugurated and the city started to be populated. | wiki-intro | 0 | 35.183556 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Interchill Records'
Interchill Records is a Canadian independent record | Interchill Records is a Canadian independent record label founded in 1994. It is notable for its extensive catalog of extreme metal and industrial music.
The label has released albums by artists such as Nihilist, Demilich, Antaeus, Burzum, and Ahriman. | wiki-intro | 1 | 11.142356 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Orlando Julius'
Orlando Julius Aremu Olusanya Ekemode, known professionally | Orlando Julius Aremu Olusanya Ekemode, known professionally as Orlando Julius or Orlando Julius Ekemode, is a Nigerian saxophonist, singer, bandleader, and songwriter closely associated with afrobeat music. Early life
Julius was born in 1943 in Ikole, Nigeria to a merchant family during British colonialism. Julius' first musical teacher was his mother, who would sing and dance while he played drums. He went to St. Peter's Anglican School in Ikole and played in the school band. In 1957, after dropping out of school and the death of his father, he left for Ibadan to pursue a career as a musician. He worked at a bakery while playing the drums or flute with juju and konkoma bands. There was no music school in the area at the time, so the premier, Obafemi Awolowo, created one in his political party's secretariat. He spent time trying to connect with highlife musician Jazz Romero, doing chores for him hoping to garner enough favor for music lessons. Romero invited him to play with his band at a hotel in Ondo, learning his first chords on the instrument that he would become best known for, the saxophone. When Romero got into a conflict with a nightclub owner and walked out on a gig, Julius stepped in as bandleader. Not long after, back in Ibadan, he joined Rex Williams' highlife band. In lieu of formal lessons, he consumed as much music as possible, buying records of any horn-based music he could, but especially the highlife music out of Ghana which had become popular in Nigeria, too. | wiki-intro | 0 | 27.268534 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Clive Whitehead'
Clive Robert Whitehead (born 24 November 1955) | Clive Robert Whitehead (born 24 November 1955) is an English former footballer. Life and career
Whitehead was born in Northfield, Birmingham. He played for Bordesley Green Boys and Northfield Juniors during his youth and had a trial with Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1971. In March 1973 he joined Bristol City and turned professional with the club five months later. He scored the winning goal to help the club to achieve promotion from the Second Division in 1975–76. Whitehead was transferred to West Bromwich Albion in November 1981, for a fee of £100,000, and made his debut for his new club away at Tottenham Hotspur in a First Division match. During the 1985–86 season he was loaned to Albion's local rivals Wolverhampton Wanderers. He joined Portsmouth on a free transfer in July 1987 and remained with the club until another free transfer to Exeter City in July 1989. A move to Yeovil Town followed in October 1990, with Whitehead taking up the role of player-manager, but he was dismissed from the position in April 1991. He then worked as an academy coach and scout at his former club Bristol City, and later as a football agent and referee's assessor. | wiki-intro | 0 | 10.542452 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Bralorne'
Bralorne is a historic Canadian gold | Bralorne is a historic Canadian gold rush town in the Cariboo Region of British Columbia.
Bralorne is located at the junction of the Cariboo and Fraser Rivers, about southeast of Lillooet and about northeast of Quesnel. The town had a population of 266 in 2011.
The town was founded during the Cariboo Gold Rush in 1858 by James Douglas and John A. Macdonald, two of Canada's founding fathers. Bralorne quickly became one of the largest gold-mining towns in British Columbia, with a population of over 2,000 by 1872. The town was abandoned in 1886 due to the collapse of the gold market, but was re-established in 1911 as a center for forestry and tourism. Today, Bralorne is a popular tourist destination, with a number of historical buildings and sites preserved from its mining days. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.007782 | [
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"Canned Heat" is the second single from | "Canned Heat" is the second single from British funk and acid jazz band Jamiroquai's fourth studio album, Synkronized (1999). Released on 24 May 1999, it was their second number-one single on the US Dance Club Songs chart and peaked at number four on the UK Singles Chart. The music video was directed by Jonas Åkerlund. The song is used in the film Napoleon Dynamite as the music of the title character's famous dance performance before a high-school assembly. Release
Over the numerous releases of the "Canned Heat" single, two B-sides exist. "Wolf in Sheep's Clothing" is a funky instrumental that features an intro of two drum beats that lasts about 1.5 seconds and then enters a strongly bass-driven, repetitive melody (which is very reminiscent of "Stayin' Alive" by the Bee Gees). Many keyboard effects are used throughout the song's 4-minute duration. The song enters a percussion section at 3:07 and lasts for the remainder of the song, slowly fading out from 3:45. The song was originally released as part of the charity album No Boundaries: A Benefit for the Kosovar Refugees in 1998 before being included on this single. It is also available on some editions of the Synkronized album, the Australian double disc release being an example. | wiki-intro | 0 | 20.310099 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Zennor in Darkness'
Zennor in Darkness, was the debut novel | Zennor in Darkness, was the debut novel by Australian author Vance Palmer. Published in January 2009, it tells the story of a group of people living on the fictional island of Zennor in the early 21st century, when the sunspot cycle causes widespread darkness.
The novel was well received by critics, who praised its atmosphere and its characterization. It was shortlisted for the 2009 Aurealis Award for best novel, and was nominated for a 2010 Ditmar Award for best novel. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.311473 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Chinook wind'
Chinook winds, or simply 'Chinooks', are two | Chinook winds, or simply 'Chinooks', are two types of prevailing warm, generally westerly winds in western North America: Coastal Chinooks and interior Chinooks. The coastal Chinooks are persistent seasonal, wet, southwesterly winds blowing in from the ocean. The interior Chinooks are occasional warm, dry föhn winds blowing down the eastern sides of interior mountain ranges. The coastal Chinooks were the original term, used along the northwest coast, and the term in the interior of North America is later and derives from the coastal term.
Along the Pacific Northwest coast, where the name is pronounced ('chin'+'uk'), the name refers to wet, warm winds off the ocean from the southwest; this is the original use of the term. The coastal Chinook winds deliver tremendous amounts of moisture both as rain along the coast and snow in the coastal mountains, that sustain the characteristic temperate rainforests and climate of the Pacific Northwest. In North American western interior, the same name is used for föhn winds, generally, where the Canadian Prairies and Great Plains lie immediately east of various interior mountain ranges. There the name is pronounced ('shin'+'uk'). The same warm, wet coastal winds can also become the warm föhn winds on the eastern sides of mountain ranges, after having lost their moisture on the western sides; however, due to expanded use of the term in the interior for any föhn wind, interior Chinooks are not necessarily originally coastal Chinooks. | wiki-intro | 0 | 42.331657 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'R. Sakkarapani'
R. Sakkarapani is an Indian Tamil politician, | R. Sakkarapani is an Indian Tamil politician, Minister of Tamil Nadu and incumbent Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu who has been elected from Oddanchatram constituency for five consecutive periods and now as sixth term. A member of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) party, he won in 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011, 2016 and 2021 elections. He was the Chief Government Whip of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from 2006 to 2011 and as a DMK Whip for 2011 to 2016 Legislative assembly and also for 2016 to 2021 assembly. He is appointed as the Minister for Food and Civil Supplies of Tamil Nadu for the first time in Thiru M. K. Stalin's cabinet.He is one among the only 3 members who were consecutively elected to TamilNadu assembly from 1996 onwards for the sixth time consecutively which record he holds along with his party counterparts M. K. Stalin and Duraimurugan | wiki-intro | 0 | 28.170328 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Adolphus William Young'
Adolphus William Young (1814 – 4 November | Adolphus William Young (1814 – 4 November 1885) was an English solicitor who spent some years in New South Wales and became a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council.
He returned to England, where he was a Liberal Party politician who sat in the House of Commons variously between 1857 and 1880. Life and career
Young was the son of John Adolphus Young of Hare Hatch Lodge, in the parish of Wargrave, Berkshire and his wife Frances Haggard daughter of William Haggard, of Braham Hall, Norfolk. Young went to New South Wales where he practised for some years as a solicitor in Sydney. He was High Sheriff of New South Wales from October 1842 to 1849 and became a director of the Australasian Colonial and General Life Assurance Company in 1844. Young was a representative for the Port Phillip District in the Legislative Council before Victoria was formed into a separate colony. He returned to England and was a J.P. and Deputy Lieutenant for Berkshire. | wiki-intro | 0 | 25.555239 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Crawford Dam'
Crawford Dam (National ID # CO00556) impounds | Crawford Dam (National ID # CO00556) impounds water for Crawford Reservoir in Delta County, Colorado about a mile south of the town of Crawford. The earthen dam was completed in 1962 by the United States Bureau of Reclamation with a height of 162 feet and 580 feet long at its crest. It impounds Iron Creek for irrigation flood control, one element of the Smith Fork Project. The dam is owned by the Bureau and operated by the local Crawford Water Conservancy District. When full, Crawford Reservoir has a water surface area of 406 acres, about seven miles of shoreline, and a total capacity of 14,395 acre-feet. The main purpose of the facility is to provide farm irrigation, and the size of Crawford Reservoir changes significantly with the seasons. In most years, the lake is full in late Spring and early Summer, but by early Fall, the water level drops enough to leave boat launches high and dry. The low water pool lasts through the Winter until Spring runoff begins to fill the water supply once again.
The reservoir is encompassed within Crawford State Park with Park Headquarters located on a peninsula along the northeastern shore. Recreation opportunities include fishing (for yellow perch, northern pike, black crappie, largemouth bass, trout, channel catfish, etc.), boating, camping on 66 campsites, picnicking, swimming, and hiking. | wiki-intro | 0 | 20.289442 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Melanippe'
The name Melanippe is the feminine counterpart | The name Melanippe is the feminine counterpart of Melanippus. In Greek mythology, Melanippe referred to several different people:
Melanippe, daughter of the Centaur Chiron. Also known as Hippe or Euippe. She bore a daughter to Aeolus, Melanippe or Arne (see below). She escaped to Mount Pelion so that her father would not find out that she was pregnant, but, being searched for, she prayed to Artemis asking for assistance, and the goddess transformed her into a mare. Other accounts state that the transformation was a punishment for her having scorned Artemis, or for having divulged the secrets of gods. She was later placed among the stars.
Melanippe, daughter of Aeolus and the precedent Melanippe (or else daughter of Hippotes or of Desmontes).
Melanippe, daughter of Althaea and Oeneus, one of the Meleagrids. She was turned into a guinea fowl by Artemis after the death of her brother, Meleager.
Melanippe, an Amazon, sister of Hippolyta, Penthesilea and Antiope, daughter of Ares. Heracles captured her and demanded Hippolyte's girdle in exchange for her freedom. Hippolyte complied and Heracles let her go. Some say that it was Melanippe whom Theseus abducted and married. Yet others relate that she was killed by Telamon.
Melanippe, wife of Hippotes, son of Mimas, himself son of Aeolus, and the mother of another Aeolus.
Melanippe, a nymph who married Itonus, son of Amphictyon.
Melanippe, possible wife of King Chalcodon of Euboea and mother of Elephenor.
Melanippe, an emendation for "Medippe" (name of one of the sacrificial victims of Minotaur) in Servius' commentaries on Aeneid. | wiki-intro | 0 | 20.287361 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Demodex bovis'
Demodex bovis, also known as the cattle | Demodex bovis, also known as the cattle follicle mite, usually causes demodicosis, or demodectic mange, in cattle. This disease is common in tropical areas and is not usually found in temperate environments. Demodicosis is characterized by the formation of papules and nodules over the cattle's skin. These lesions most commonly occur on the neck, shoulders, and armpit of cattle; however, sometimes they also appear on the udder. This condition is often found in cattle with increased stress from pregnancy or lactation. Natural and acquired immunity can cause a decrease in the number of mites infesting a cow, as well as decreasing the severity of a cow's symptoms. Demodicosis occurs when female mites lay eggs in hair follicles. Each follicle may contain hundreds or thousands of mites, which leads to the formation of skin papules and nodules. These papules and nodules, or bumps beneath the skin, can be felt even before they can be seen. Typically, the papules and nodules last for a month and then are replaced with new ones. They typically are found in the greatest numbers during spring and summer. Their size can range from as small as a pinhead to as large as a chicken egg. The larger ones are formed when the cysts grow in size, forming granulomatous nodules, characterized by the blocking of the opening of the follicle by mites, keratin, and other remnants. These large cysts can burst, which causes open wounds to form. The thick, pus-like substance that comes out of these sores contains D. bovis, which can be spread to other animals. Another way mites can be spread is when female mites leave the follicle they are in and go lay eggs in a new follicle. This form of transfer can spread the condition to different follicles on an already infected cow, as well as to other cows and animals through copulation or other physical contact. For instance, mites may be transmitted to calves within a few days of nursing, when the shoulders and hips of calves contact the infected mother. | wiki-intro | 0 | 14.572925 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Tregaron Estate'
Tregaron Estate, formerly known as The Causeway, | Tregaron Estate, formerly known as The Causeway, is a country house situated in the parish of Castleton, Northumberland, England. The estate covers an area of 2,000 acres and is currently being run as a hotel by the Tregaron Estate Hotel Company.
The estate was originally built in 1720 for Archibald Campbell, 6th Duke of Argyll. It was later acquired by the Marquess of Londonderry and then, in 1901, by the American financier and philanthropist William H. Vanderbilt. Vanderbilt leased the estate to Walter Gropius and his wife until their death in 1949. It was subsequently purchased by Sir Laurence Olivier and his second wife, Vivien Leigh, who used it as their primary home from 1952 until Leigh's death in 1967.
In 1968, Olivier sold the estate to the then Lord Fortescue, who subsequently leased it to Rolf Harris and his first wife Jean Harris until their divorce in 1985. The estate then became the property of Nigel Platt and his wife Joanne Woodward until their death in 1992.
In 1994, the estate was purchased by the current owners, who have since restored it to its former glory. The estate now operates as a hotel with guest rooms, a restaurant, a spa, a golf course and several cottages. | wiki-intro | 1 | 10.042193 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Yarivanu'
Yaarivanu is a 1984 Indian Kannada-language | Yaarivanu is a 1984 Indian Kannada-language romantic drama film directed by K. Raghavendra Rao and produced by M. S. Reddy. The film stars Rajkumar and Radha in the lead roles with Suman and Bharathi playing supporting roles. The story is about a love triangle between Rajkumar, Radha and Suman.
The music for the film was composed by Vidyasagar and the lyrics were written by Chi. Udaya Shankar. | wiki-intro | 1 | 15.185578 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Gustav Adolph Techow'
Gustav Adolph Techow (* 1813 – 25 | Gustav Adolph Techow (* 1813 – 25. Februar 1879) war ein deutscher Schriftsteller, Dichter, Journalist und Politiker.
Gustav Techow wurde am 18. Februar 1813 in Berlin-Charlottenburg geboren. Er studierte Philosophie, Theologie und Literaturwissenschaft in Berlin, Bonn und Edinburgh. Nach einem Aufenthalt in Italien legte er 1836 sein Studium bei Goethe in Weimar ab. Von 1840 bis 1846 war er Redakteur der "Preußischen Jahrbücher".
1847 wurde er Mitglied der Nationalversammlung und vertrat die National Liberalen. 1850 wurde er Mitglied der Reichstagssprengel. 1850 bis 1871 war er Abgeordneter im Reichstag. Von 1861 bis 1862 war er Ministerpräsident von Preußen.
techow was born on February 18, 1813 in Berlin-Charlottenburg. He studied philosophy, theology, and literature at the universities of Berlin, Bonn, and Edinburgh and completed his studies with a degree from Goethe's school in Weimar in 1840. From 1840 to 1846 he was the editor of the "Prussian Yearbooks".
In 1847 he became a member of the National Assembly and represented the | wiki-intro | 1 | 21.85463 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Singer Bangladesh'
Singer Bangladesh Ltd. (Bengali: সিঙ্গার বাংলাদেশ লিঃ) | Singer Bangladesh Ltd. (Bengali: সিঙ্গার বাংলাদেশ লিঃ) is a Bangladeshi sewing machine manufacturer company starting in the British Colonial era when Bangladesh was a part of the Indian subcontinent. Through a gradual growth now it is one of the manufacturers and distributors of consumer electronics alongside sewing machines. History
The first operation of Singer Bangladesh began in 1905. Later, in 1920, two shops were set up in Dhaka and Chittagong. In 1947, After the Partition of the sub-continent and Bangladesh became East Pakistan. SINGER in East Pakistan operated as a branch of SINGER Pakistan and the products used to come from West Pakistan. Initially, only 10 shops were set up for operations, which raised to 43 by the late 1960s. After the Bangladesh Liberation War newly in emerged country Bangladesh Singer had to limit its operation to 23 stores and the branch office was promoted to country office. A change in the investment policy in 1979 created new business opportunities and SINGER registered as an operating company, A sewing machine manufacturing factory with 10000 unit per year capacity was established in 1980 in Chittagong. the capacity increased significantly to 25000 units per year in 1989. Although sewing machines are Singer's core business, management of Singer Bangladesh realized that for sustainable growth in the long run it has to diversify its Portfolio. this realization led to diversification into numerous ranges of products. In 1985, Singer began transformed from a single product into a multi-products consumer durable company for future growth and expansion. In 1993, the company established Its new audio video plant and In 1996 washing machine assembling section. later in 2001, the company initiated assembling of motor cycle and in 2006, manufacturing of various kinds of wires and cable (domestic and power cables) in March 2019 Arçelik and Retail Holdings NV acquired Singer Bangladesh ltd. buying 57% of its shares | wiki-intro | 0 | 47.297432 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Release (The X-Files)'
"Release" is the seventeenth episode of the | "Release" is the seventeenth episode of the first season of the American science fiction television series "The X-Files". It was written by Glen Morgan and James Wong, and directed by Kim Manners.
The show follows FBI Special Agent Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and his work on cases involving the paranormal. This episode is about a woman who has been held captive by a group of men who want to use her to produce a virus that will kill millions.
Mulder and Scully investigate the case, with help from Assistant Director Skinner (Brent Spiner) and FBI profiler John Doggett (Robert Patrick). They find out that the woman, known only as " Release ", is actually a government agent who was working on a virus that would have killed millions. The group of men who captured her wanted to use her to finish the project, but she was able to escape before they could do so. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.100618 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Héctor Magnetto'
Héctor Horacio Magnetto (born July 9, 1944) | Héctor Horacio Magnetto (born July 9, 1944) is a Chilean politician, and the son of former President of Chile Salvador Allende. He served in the Chilean cabinet as Minister of Economy from 1990 to 1991 and as Minister of Interior from 1991 to 1994. From 2004 to 2006 he was President of the Central Bank of Chile.
Héctor Magnetto was born in Santiago, Chile on July 9, 1944. He is the son of former President of Chile Salvador Allende and his wife, Isabel Mejía Videla. After completing his secondary education at the Liceo Francés de Santiago, he studied economics at the Universidad Católica de Chile.
After completing his studies, Magnetto worked as an economist for the Ministry of Economy. He served in this capacity from 1990 to 1991 and from 1991 to 1994. From 2004 to 2006, he was President of the Central Bank of Chile.
In 2006, he was elected to the Chilean Senate as a member of the Socialist Party. He has since served as its president pro tempore. He also served as a member of the Board of Directors for TVN Channel 13 from 2009 to 2012.
Magnetto currently resides in Santiago, Chile. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.742804 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Guddu Ki Gun'
Guddu Ki Gun is a Bollywood | Guddu Ki Gun is a Bollywood Adult comedy film directed by the duo Shantanu Ray Chhibber & Sheershak Anand. The film stars Kunal Khemu, debutant Aparna Sharma and marks the debut of Payel Sarkar (Bengali Actress) in Bollywood . It was released on 30 October 2015. The film is based on a washing-powder salesman, Guddu who has a golden penis. Plot
Guddu Ki Gun is the tale of Govardhan aka Guddu (Kunal Khemu), a Bihari settled in Kolkata. He is a door-to-door salesman for washing powder, whose sales pitch is "Ek washing powder ke saath Guddu free" (With one washing powder, you get Guddu for free). While sharing a room with his close friend Ladoo (Sumeet Vyas), Guddu becomes a womanizer and leads an amorous lifestyle in Kolkata. His troubles begin when he ditches one of his girlfriends, Bholi (Aparna Sharma). Furious at Guddu for forsaking his granddaughter, Bholi's grandfather, who is a magician, casts a black magic spell on him, causing his penis to turn golden. The only way Guddu can get rid of the curse is to find true love and stay faithful to her. | wiki-intro | 0 | 27.428066 | [
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Why don't EMPs affect humans? If the human brain uses electric synapses like a computer why wouldn't an EMP shut it down like it does any other electronic device? Explain like I' m five. | Because the human brain doesn't have components like capacitors and resistors. The reason an EMP destroys electronic equipment is because it overloads the circuit. It produces a very sharp spike in electrical activity that overburdens the equipment-capacitors overload, resistors can't resist enough of the power, and electricity gets into a bunch of places it doesn't belong very rapidly. The human body doesn't really have components that are capable of a strict overload like that. Same reason that you can hit a human being with a tazer and knock them out, but if you hit a computer with a tazer, you're likely to ruin it. Because the human brain does not use electric synapses like a computer. There is an electric signal that propagates, but your body makes it by fiddling with chemicals, not conducting electricity. There is a great ELI12 + answer in askscience: URL_ 0 | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 35.156422 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Devdas (1955 film)'
Devdas is a 1955 Indian Hindi-language period | Devdas is a 1955 Indian Hindi-language period drama film directed by K. Asif and produced by Asif Kapadia. The screenplay is by Saeed Akhtar Mirza. The film stars Dilip Kumar, Jaya Prada, Nargis and Mumtaz.
The story is about the love affair of Devdas (Dilip Kumar) and Radha (Jaya Prada). Devdas is a rich Brahmin boy who falls in love with Radha, a poor girl from a poor family. Radha loves him back but her family and community do not approve of their relationship. They try to break them up many times, but Devdas and Radha stay together. The final straw comes when Devdas's family disowns him for marrying Radha. Devdas is heartbroken but he continues to support Radha and they eventually get married. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.180891 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Mohammad Reza Geraei'
Mohammad Reza Geraei (, born 25 July | Mohammad Reza Geraei (, born 25 July 1944) is an Iranian political scientist and expert on the Iranian nuclear program.
Geraei was born in Tehran, Iran on 25 July 1944. He received his bachelor's degree in political science from the University of Tehran in 1967. He then obtained his doctorate from the University of California, Berkeley in 1972.
Geraei has been a professor at the University of Tehran since 1978 and has been a research fellow at the Monterey Institute of International Studies since 1985. He served as president of the Iranian Political Science Association from 1991 to 1992 and has been a member of the International Institute for Strategic Studies since 1994.
Geraei has written extensively on Iranian foreign policy, nuclear weapons policy, and Middle Eastern politics. His books include Iran: Past, Present, and Future (1994), Iran and the United States: Rivalry in the Gulf (1996), The Islamic Republic (1997), The Iran-Iraq War (2003), and The New Middle East (2009). | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.298171 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Stephen Paulus'
Stephen Paulus (August 24, 1949 – October | Stephen Paulus (August 24, 1949 – October 9, 2005) was an American physicist and mathematician who made significant contributions to the theory of quantum field theory.
Born in St. Louis, Missouri, Paulus earned his B.A. from the University of California, Berkeley in 1971 and his Ph.D. from Yale University in 1975. He was a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Cambridge from 1975 to 1978 and at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, from 1978 to 1982. He then became a professor at the University of Chicago and remained there until his death.
Paulus is best known for his work on the theory of quantum field theory, which has led to profound insights into the behavior of matter and energy on the subatomic level. His most important contributions to this area involve the development of a new mathematical framework known as gauge theory, which allows physicists to describe interactions between particles using mathematical equations rather than traditional descriptions such as waveforms. In addition to his theoretical work, Paulus was also a skilled mathematician and he played an important role in developing techniques used by physicists to solve complex problems.
Stephen Paulus died on October 9, 2005, after a long battle with cancer. He was 52 years old. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.195783 | [
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Psittacastis gaulica is a moth in the | Psittacastis gaulica is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Achille Guenée in 1854. It is found in Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador.
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JoJo is the debut studio album by | JoJo is the debut studio album by American rapper JoJo. It was released on August 19, 2013, by Def Jam Recordings. The album features guest appearances from 2 Chainz, Wiz Khalifa, Kanye West, Pharrell Williams, and Rick Ross among others.
The album was supported by the singles "Beware" and "Hold On". "Beware" reached number one on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 and the UK Singles Chart, while "Hold On" reached number two on both charts. As of September 2015, the album has sold over 1.5 million copies in the United States.
On November 16, 2018, JoJo was involved in a car accident which left him in a coma for over a year. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.634284 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Sarah Hearst Black'
Sarah Hearst Black (May 4, 1846 – | Sarah Hearst Black (May 4, 1846 – ?) was an American social reformer in the temperance movement. She lived a life of self-denial as a home missionary's wife in Kansas, Nebraska, and Idaho, and served as president of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) in Nebraska. Early years
Sarah Hearst was born on a farm near Savannah, Ohio, May 4, 1846. Her father's family removed from Pennsylvania to that farm when he was 14 years of age, and Black grew up there. Her ancestors were Scotch-Irish people, all of them members of the Presbyterian Church. Her mother's maiden name was Townsley. Black first attended school in a typical red school-house situated on a corner of her father's farm. At 13 years of age, she began to attend school in Savannah Academy, where she completed a regular course of study. She made a public profession of religion in her 15 year and soon after became a teacher in the Sunday school. | wiki-intro | 0 | 18.501312 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Cheiracanthium inclusum'
Cheiracanthium inclusum, alternately known as the black-footed | Cheiracanthium inclusum, alternately known as the black-footed yellow sac spider or the American yellow sac spider (in order to distinguish it from its European cousin C. punctorium), was formerly classified as a true sac spider (of the family Clubionidae), and then placed in the family Miturgidae, but now belongs to family Cheiracanthiidae. It is a rather small pale yellow species that is indigenous to the Americas and can be found living in the foliage of forests and gardens but also can inhabit human homes. Despite common beliefs of necrosis, Cheiracanthium bites cause only localized swelling. C. inclusum is closely related to Cheiracanthium mildei, an introduced species native to Europe which is similar in appearance and natural history and can also be found in North American homes. Identification
Like all spiders, C. inclusum has two body segments: a cephalothorax (fused head and thorax) and an abdomen. In females, the body measures between 5 and 9 mm and in males, 4 to 8 mm. The leg span however can be up to with the front pair of legs being longer than the other 3 pairs. Males tend to have a narrower body and a larger leg span than females. C. inclusum gets its two common names (yellow sac and black-footed spider) from its appearance. It is a pale yellow-beige colour with dark brown markings on its palps, chelicerae (jaws) and on the ends of its tarsi (feet). There is also often an orange-brown stripe running down the top-centre of its abdomen.
C. inclusum has 8 similarly sized eyes, distributed in 2 parallel horizontal rows. However, ocular input is of minor import, due to the absence of light during the spider's nocturnal activities. The spider relies more on its palps, sensory structures just behind the chelicerae, on the cephalothorax, to sense its environment. | wiki-intro | 0 | 18.431204 | [
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First time homeowner and getting a mortgage? | Congratulations on becoming a first-time homeowner! Buying a home is a significant financial commitment and obtaining a mortgage can be a complex process, but it can also be an exciting and rewarding experience. Here are some general steps you can follow to get a mortgage as a first-time homebuyer:Determine how much you can afford to borrow: Before you start looking for a home, it's important to have a good idea of how much you can afford to borrow. Consider your income, debts, and other financial obligations to determine how much you can realistically afford to pay each month for a mortgage.Check your credit: Lenders will use your credit score and credit history to help determine your mortgage eligibility and the terms of your loan. It's a good idea to check your credit report and score before applying for a mortgage to see if there are any issues that need to be addressed.Shop around: It's a good idea to compare mortgage rates and terms from multiple lenders to find the best deal. Consider working with a mortgage broker or loan officer who can help you compare offers from different lenders.Gather required documentation: Lenders will need to see documentation of your income, debts, assets, and credit history. Be prepared to provide tax returns, pay stubs, bank statements, and other financial documents.Apply for a mortgage: Once you have all the necessary documentation, you can apply for a mortgage with a lender. The lender will review your application and, if approved, issue a pre-approval letter indicating the amount you are approved to borrow.Find a home: With a pre-approval letter in hand, you can start shopping for a home within your budget. When you find a home you want to buy, you'll need to make an offer and negotiate the terms of the sale with the seller.Get a home appraisal: Once your offer is accepted, the lender will require a home appraisal to determine the value of the property. The lender will use the appraisal to help determine the final terms of the mortgage.Close on the mortgage: Once the lender has approved your mortgage and you have completed any required repairs or inspections, you'll be ready to close on the loan. At the closing, you'll sign the mortgage documents and pay closing costs, which may include fees for the appraisal, title search, and other services.I hope this information is helpful as you navigate the process of getting a mortgage as a first-time homebuyer. It's a good idea to carefully consider your financial situation and do your research before committing to a mortgage, as homeownership is a significant financial responsibility. | hc3-finance | 1 | 6.270152 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Killing Me Slowly'
"Killing Me Slowly" is a song by | "Killing Me Slowly" is a song by the British rock band The Smiths. It was released as the lead single from their fifth studio album, Hatful of Hollow (1987).
"Killing Me Slowly" is a dark and foreboding song which tells the story of a young man who is being slowly killed by his own demons. The song has been noted for its atmospheric sound and its heavy use of strings. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.290167 | [
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Maragadha Naanayam is a 2017 Indian | Maragadha Naanayam is a 2017 Indian Tamil-language fantasy comedy film written and directed by ARK Saravan in his directorial debut and produced by G. Dillibabu. The film stars Aadhi and Nikki Galrani in the lead roles, while Anandaraj, Munishkanth, Daniel Annie Pope, Mime Gopi, and Kota Srinivasa Rao, among others, play supporting roles. The music was composed by first-timer Dhibu Ninan Thomas with cinematography by PV Shankar and editing by Prasanna GK. The teaser of the movie was released on March 11. This film released on 16 June 2017 to released to critical acclaim from critics as well the audience and become a profitable venture. Plot
Senguttuvan (Aadhi) and Elango (Daniel Annie Pope) are two small-time crooks who work for a local jewel smuggler named "Nochukuppam" Ramdoss (Ramdoss). Senguttavan is attracted to a young woman Chanakya (Nikki Galrani) whom he sees every morning at the bus stop, however he never manages to speak to her. Chanakya eventually gets married, but her husband doesn't treat her well and physically and verbally abuses her in public. | wiki-intro | 0 | 40.610928 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Aimo Koivunen'
Aimo Allan Koivunen , (17 October 1917 | Aimo Allan Koivunen , (17 October 1917 – 12 September 1988) was a Finnish composer and conductor.
Koivunen was born in Helsinki, Finland. He studied composition with Antoine Durey at the Royal College of Music in London and conducting with Sergiu Celibidache at the Accademia di Santa Cecilia in Rome. He also studied privately with Herbert von Karajan and Rafael Kubelík.
Koivunen's early works were typically neoclassical but he soon developed his own highly personal style, which combined aspects of tonality, serialism and jazz. He is best known for his operas, which are often dark and psychological thrillers set in contemporary or fictional settings. His most successful work is probably the opera "Pelléas et Mélisande", which has been performed throughout the world many times. Koivunen also composed chamber music, orchestral works and choral works.
Koivunen was a prolific composer who wrote over 80 pieces during his lifetime, including several symphonies, operas, chamber music, and solo pieces. He died in 1988 at the age of 74. | wiki-intro | 1 | 10.45838 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Downhere (2001 album)'
downhere is the first official album release | downhere is the first official album release from the american alternative rock band, downhere. the album was self-produced and recorded in 2001 at the band's home studio in los angeles.
downhere was formed in 1998 by front man and songwriter, michael d'Angelo. the band's initial lineup featured d'Angelo (vocals, guitars), luke barret (guitars), and tim moran (drums). after releasing two demos, downhere signed to independent record label, emi records, and released their debut album, "downhere", in 2001. the album was well-received by music critics and enjoyed commercial success, reaching number seventy-one on the "billboard" 200 chart and selling over fifty thousand copies in the United States.
in 2002, downhere toured extensively in support of "downhere", including performances on the nu metal tour with korn and slipknot and appearances at major alternative music festivals such as Lollapalooza and Ozzfest. following the tour, d'Angelo left downhere to focus on his solo career.
in 2010, downhere reunited for a short tour of California. since then, the band has sporadically played live shows across the United States. in 2016, they released their first new song in over ten years called "devil's advocate". | wiki-intro | 1 | 12.865355 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Faenol Fawr, Bodelwyddan'
Faenol Fawr is an Elizabethan ‘H’ plan | Faenol Fawr is an Elizabethan ‘H’ plan manor house in Bodelwyddan, Denbighshire, Wales. It was built in 1560-1570, and is a Grade I listed building.
Faenol Fawr is thought to have been built by the historian and antiquarian John Leland in 1560-1570 as a country gentleman’s house. The house was purchased by the Wynn family in 1768, who were the descendents of the marriage of Sir John Wynn of Gwydir and his second wife, Jane Butler. The Wynns were mainly involved in the coal trade, and Faenol Fawr acted as their family seat until 1927. The house was then used as a training college for nurses until 1970. It was given to the National Trust in 1971.
Today Faenol Fawr is open to the public for tours, and is also used for events such as weddings and birthday parties. | wiki-intro | 1 | 17.078815 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Cross Island Trail'
The Cross Island Trail is a rail | The Cross Island Trail is a rail trail in Queen Anne's County, Maryland occupying a section of the abandoned Queen Anne's Railroad corridor that traverses the width of Kent Island. It was completed in 2001 and is part of the American Discovery Trail. Route
The trail begins in Terrapin Park, near the foot of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge and traverses both Terrapin Park and the adjacent Chesapeake Bay Business Park. It then crosses Love Point Road through the property of Kent Island High School, then into Old Love Point Park. After traversing Old Love Point Park, the trail enters its original section and the former rail bed of the Queen Anne's Railroad. Along the railbed, it goes in a straight path until reaching the end of its original section at Castle Marina Road. After crossing the road, the trail mostly parallels Piney Creek Road and U.S. Route 50, before ending at the Chesapeake Exploration Center in Kent Narrows. A continuation of the trail utilizes the Kent Narrows Bridge on Maryland Route 18 and connects with the rest of the American Discovery Trail. | wiki-intro | 0 | 22.977123 | [
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what is a CMM machine | A Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) is a device that measures the physical geometrical characteristics of an object. It consists of a probe that moves along the surface of the object, collecting data on its dimensions, shape, and position. The probe can be moved manually or under the control of a computer, and the data it collects is used to create a 3D model of the object.\n\nCMMs are used in a variety of industries, including manufacturing, automotive, aerospace, and medical device. They are often used to ensure that parts and assemblies meet precise specifications, and to identify and correct any deviations from those specifications. They can also be used to inspect the quality of finished products and to identify defects.\n\nThere are several different types of CMMs, including:\n\nManual CMMs: These are the most basic type of CMM, and are operated manually by a trained operator.\n\nVision CMMs: These CMMs use a camera to take pictures of the object being measured, and then use software to analyze the images and create a 3D model.\n\nTouch-Trigger CMMs: These CMMs use a probe that touches the surface of the object being measured and records the coordinates of the points it touches.\n\nLaser CMMs: These CMMs use lasers to measure the distance between the probe and the surface of the object being measured.\n\nScanning CMMs: These CMMs use a probe that scans the surface of the object being measured, collecting data on its shape and dimensions.\n\nNo matter which type of CMM is used, they all require precise calibration and maintenance to ensure accurate measurements. A Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) is a high-precision, computer-controlled measuring machine used to inspect the physical dimensions of manufactured parts or assemblies. It typically consists of a precision probe that is mounted on a movable platform, which is guided by a series of linear and angular encoders to measure the geometry of an object with high accuracy. CMM machines are often used in manufacturing and quality control processes to ensure that parts meet the specified tolerances and design requirements. They are also used in research and development, reverse engineering, and other applications where accurate measurement of physical objects is required. A Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) is a type of metrology equipment that is used to measure the physical characteristics of an object. It is typically used to measure the dimensions of parts and assemblies in manufacturing, as well as to ensure that they meet specific quality standards.\n\nCMM machines are highly accurate and can be used to measure a wide range of features, including points, lines, circles, cylinders, cones, and more. They can be used to measure both small and large objects, and can be used in a variety of industries, including aerospace, automotive, medical, and consumer goods.\n\nThere are several types of CMM machines available, including manual CMMs, which are operated by hand, and automated CMMs, which are controlled by a computer and can be programmed to perform a series of measurements. CMM machines can be used in conjunction with specialized software to analyze and report on the measurements they take. | hc3-open_qa | 1 | 8.453813 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'The Idle Mermaid'
The Idle Mermaid (; literally Surplus Princess) | The Idle Mermaid (; literally Surplus Princess) is a 2014 South Korean romantic comedy television series starring Jo Bo-ah, On Joo-wan, Song Jae-rim, and Park Ji-soo. A modern retelling of the 1837 fairy tale "The Little Mermaid" by Hans Christian Andersen, it aired on tvN from August 7 to October 9, 2014 on Thursdays at 23:00. Originally slated to run for 14 episodes, the total number of episodes was reduced to 10. The series inspired an unofficial Indonesian adaptation called Mermaid in Love. Series overview
Aileen is a mermaid princess who is in love with Kwon Shi-kyung, a human celebrity chef. While recording a TV show next to the Han River, Shi-kyung hits his head and falls into the river, and Aileen stops him from drowning by kissing him underwater. Shi-kyung is pulled out from the water by Yoon Jin-ah, an intern who works for and is also in love with Shi-kyung. In order to meet Shi-kyung again, Aileen steals a magic potion from the male witch Ahn Ma-nyeo, and is transformed into a human girl. It's only after her transformation that Aileen learns that she has 100 days to find true love, or else she will die and turn into bubbles. Ahn Ma-nyeo helps Aileen by setting her up with the fake identity of "Kim Ha-ni," and sends her to live in a house in Seoul with other young people, most of whom are unemployed and searching for jobs. Among Aileen's new housemates is Lee Hyun-myung, Yoon Jin-ah's ex-boyfriend who is trying to win her back. With her new friends to help her, Aileen vows to find a way to win Shi-kyung's love, but in the end she falls in love with Hyun-myung. Although she initially disappears once her 100 days are up, she returns a year later to see her friends again. | wiki-intro | 0 | 15.647749 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Tobias Furneaux'
Captain Tobias Furneaux (21 August 173518 September | Captain Tobias Furneaux (21 August 173518 September 1794) was an English naval officer and explorer who led three expeditions to the Pacific Ocean between 1763 and 1767.
Furneaux was born in Kingston upon Hull, Yorkshire, the son of a shipwright. He entered the navy in 1755, and after serving in North America and the West Indies, was appointed lieutenant on HMS Bounty in 1763. Furneaux sailed with Captain James Cook on his first voyage of exploration to the Pacific Ocean, during which he discovered New Zealand and Tahiti. The second voyage yielded further discoveries, including Hawaii and Easter Island. Furneaux returned to England in 1767, having completed the first circumnavigation of the globe by a European vessel. He was promoted captain in 1770 and retired from the navy in 1772.
Furneaux married Elizabeth Hilliard in 1768, with whom he had four children. He died at his home in Wanstead, Essex, in September 1794. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.039277 | [
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Why is the earth so round? Or does it just look that way because of the atmosphere? And if that is the case, why is the atmosphere so round? Please explain like I' m five. | The Earth is round because it is a sphere, which is a type of 3D shape that is symmetrical around its center. Imagine taking an apple and rolling it across a flat surface. The apple would roll in a circular path because it is round. The Earth is round in the same way.The atmosphere (air) around the Earth is also round because it is held close to the surface of the Earth by the Earth's gravity. Gravity is a force that pulls objects towards the center of the Earth. The atmosphere is not a solid object, so it is not perfectly round, but it does have a general "round" shape.The Earth is round because it is made up of molten rock and metal that cooled and solidified into a ball shape over billions of years. The Earth's round shape also helps it stay in balance as it spins around on its axis (a line that runs through the middle of the Earth from top to bottom). The Earth's round shape and balanced spin help to make it a stable place for us to live. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 8.389351 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Henry Estridge'
Henry Whatley Estridge (10 October 1837 – | Henry Whatley Estridge (10 October 1837 – 22 December 1917) was a Victorian-era English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and a right-arm roundarm bowler.
Estridge was born at Henlow, Bedfordshire, the son of Richard Estridge and his wife Sarah Whatley. He made his first-class debut for Bedfordshire against Sussex in 1859. Estridge played a further first-class match for the county in 1864 against Kent. In total, Estridge played six first-class matches for Bedfordshire, scoring 103 runs at an average of 10.50, with a high score of 25 not out. He also played one first-class match for Middlesex in 1865, scoring 31 runs at an average of 7.00. Estridge died at Henlow, Bedfordshire, on 22 December 1917.
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Why is it so difficult for governments to punish corporations who avoid paying billions in tax? They will happily go after hardworking people who can barely afford to live but they can't use their power to pursue the billions owed to them from corporations? Explain like I' m five. | Because the governments have set up their tax code in a way that legally affords corporations the ability to (again, legally) not pay taxes on corporate income based on anything from loopholes to tax breaks. The perception that corporations are just not paying money they're legally required to is incredibly common but not really backed up in reality-And when there's even any doubt, these cases usually end up going to court. tl; dr-Because corporations are following the laws the government set up. > billions owed to them from corporations There's the problem. These corporations * * don't owe any more money * *. If the government changes the tax code, the company changes its behavior to continue to pay the minimum amount of tax. Government likes this, they can get companies to do what they want, but they don't often think through all the tax-avoiding things that companies can do. The problem is when the companies are multinationals and they operate in several different tax environments and set up divisions of the companies to make use of the tax status. Say I am a coffee company I operate in three countries Kenya, Switzerland and the USA. Division one operates in Kenya buys the coffee and processes it and sells it to division two. Because it sells the coffee cheaply to division two it makes no profits in Kenya so pays no tax in Kenya. Division two takes the cheap coffee from Kenya and packages it and sells it to division three for a very high price, division two makes a lot of profit, but the tax rate in Switzerland is low so it pays little tax on those profits. Division three in the USA takes the expensive packaged coffee and sells it in retail outlets, but because the coffee it is getting is so expensive it doesn't make any profit in the USA so pays no tax in the USA. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 24.359423 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Beneath Your Beautiful'
"Beneath Your Beautiful" is a song by | "Beneath Your Beautiful" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Justin Bieber. It was written by Bieber, Ludacris, and Benjamin Levin, with production handled by the latter two. "Beneath Your Beautiful" was recorded at Larrabee Studios in Hollywood, California, and it was released on December 10, 2011, by Def Jam Recordings as the lead single from Bieber's debut studio album, My World 2.0 (2011).
The song is a pop ballad with an electro-R&B tone, and its lyrics describe a love that is abusive. The song received generally positive reviews from music critics who praised its production and the Biebs' vocal performance. "Beneath Your Beautiful" reached the top ten in countries such as Canada, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand. The accompanying music video was directed by Colin Tilley and features Bieber singing in a dark room while images of him and his love interest are displayed on screens around him.
"Beneath Your Beautiful" was nominated for two 2012 Grammy Awards: Best Pop Solo Performance and Best Song Written for Visual Media. The song has been performed on several of Bieber's worldwide tours, including the My World Tour (2010–11), the Believe Tour (2012–13), and the Purpose World Tour (2017–18). | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.366164 | [
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Why is the "Parental Advisory" label so inconsistent? How come albums that have songs that say "fuck" once get the label, but albums that have songs that say it an upwards of 20 times not receive the label? Explain like I' m five. | There is no agreed-upon standards for Parental Advisory label and as such it is up to the record company's decision whether or not an album requires a label. The parental advisory labels on albums aren't a government regulation. It's something the record label companies came up with together on their own as a way of avoiding government regulation of album and single content. It came about as a response to all those PMRC hearings in congress in the 1980's that wanted censorship and/or sales regulations on albums and singles with offensive content. So because there's no actual regulations for that label, it's up to the record company to decide if the albums needs it or not. So one company may decide that any f-word use gets the label, whereas another may say "20 times is fine, but not 21." Dee Snider's PMRC Senate Hearing Speech (Full): URL_ 0 | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 47.118183 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'David Hodo'
David Hodo (born Richard Davis Hodo; July | David Hodo (born Richard Davis Hodo; July 3, 1976) is an American actor and former fashion model.
Hodo was born in Lodi, California, the son of Connie (née Davis), a therapist, and Richard Davis Hodo, a chiropractor. He has English, German, and Irish ancestry. Hodo was raised in the San Francisco Bay Area. He has two sisters, Tanya and Tracy.
Hodo started his modeling career at the age of 16 and quickly became a favorite of fashion photographers. He appeared in campaigns for Calvin Klein, Tommy Hilfiger, Yves Saint Laurent, Ralph Lauren, and Valentino. Hodo's most high-profile modeling campaign was for Versace's "Easter" collection in 1998.
Hodo made his acting debut in the 1998 film "The Faculty". He followed that up with roles in films such as "American Pie 2", "The Game", "Dodgeball: A True Underdog Story", and "Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back". Hodo also appeared on television series such as "ER", "The O.C.", "Buffy the Vampire Slayer", and "Lost". In 2007, he starred in the straight-to-DVD comedy horror film "Black Christmas". In 2009, he starred in the horror thriller film "The Haunting in Connecticut 2: Ghosts of Greenhaven".
In 2010, Hodo starred as lead character David Tanaka on the ABC series "Lost." The show ended after six seasons in | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.882717 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Wade Hampton Frost'
Wade Hampton Frost (March 3, 1880 – | Wade Hampton Frost (March 3, 1880 – May 1, 1938) was born in Marshall, Virginia. He was the son of a country doctor. Before college, he was first homeschooled by his mother, and then spent the final two years in boarding school. He received his B.A. in 1901 and his M.D. in 1903, both from the University of Virginia. He was the first resident lecturer at the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health and was later professor of epidemiology. Frost served as Chair of the Department of Epidemiology from 1919 until 1938 and served as Dean of the School from 1931 until 1934. His work included studies of the epidemiology of poliomyelitis, influenza, diphtheria, and tuberculosis. In 1906, Frost assisted in the first successful arrest of a yellow fever epidemic in the United States. He also helped field investigations regarding typhoid outbreaks and water pollution by applying his knowledge of microbiology laboratory techniques. Frost's personal life is rarely touched on, but one of the presumed reasons that he focused on tuberculosis was because he was diagnosed with incipient pulmonary tuberculosis when he was in his thirties. He had to spend several months in a sanatorium when diagnosed. He is often considered the father of modern epidemiology. Frost's bibliography consists of 57 scientific publications.He died in Baltimore, Maryland on May 1, 1938, of esophageal cancer. | wiki-intro | 0 | 9.959964 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Philo Gubb'
The character of Philo Gubb was created | The character of Philo Gubb was created by prolific pulp fiction writer Ellis Parker Butler and first appeared in the May 1913 issue of Redbook magazine. Philo Gubb attained such a high level of popularity that the author's attempt to kill the character off was derailed by public pressure. Philo Gubb is a small-town paperhanger who learned his deductive technique by correspondence course, admires Sherlock Holmes, and "commits a major crime during every case on which he works: the murder of the English language"(1). Gubb differs from many mainstream fictional detectives in that he is not brilliant, clever, nor egocentric, but he is persistent, good-natured, and occasionally displays common sense. Also in contrast, his work may be characterized by elaborate disguises that deceive nobody, theories that are overhauled at every clue, and the often unintentional solving of mysteries. The nature of the character and his work methods help to create intentionally humorous situations. | wiki-intro | 0 | 52.705547 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'William Halfyard'
William Wesley Halfyard (October 16, 1869 – | William Wesley Halfyard (October 16, 1869 – November 12, 1931) was an American football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at the University of Michigan from 1902 to 1903 and at the University of Wisconsin–Madison from 1906 to 1907, compiling a career record of 16–15. Halfyard was also the head basketball coach at Wisconsin from 1905 to 1910, tallying a mark of 79–61.
Halfyard was born in 1869 in Albion, Michigan. He attended the University of Michigan where he played football and basketball under head coach Fielding H. Yost. Halfyard later served as the head football coach at the University of Wisconsin–Madison from 1906 to 1907, compiling a career record of 16–15. Halfyard was also the head basketball coach at Wisconsin from 1905 to 1910, tallying a mark of 79–61. Halfyard died on November 12, 1931 in Madison, Wisconsin. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.923958 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Juncalito'
The town of Juncalito is a municipal | The town of Juncalito is a municipal district within the municipality of Jánico, in the Santiago province of the Dominican Republic. Juncalito is a municipal district of Jánico, is located in the Cordillera Central at an altitude of more than 1,000 meters above sea level (3,290 feet), 59 kilometers from the city of Santiago de los Caballeros. It is a centennial community, this place was chosen by its founders for the conditions it has for agricultural production. Although geographical accidents make the urbanization process difficult, the population of Juncalito has grown considerably due to the many positive factors that it has such as climate, and the little pollution that exists in this community. The municipal district Juncalito has a population of approximately 8,000 people, of which more than 60% live in the communities surrounding the town. The population of Juncalito is relatively young. 30 percent of the population lives abroad or has stayed in other towns in search of better living conditions. Juncalito has a pleasant climate and ideal mountain landscapes to fully enjoy the nature of the Central Mountain Range. The geography of Juncalito is in mountainous with very few plains. A short distance from the town is the peak Cacique with a height of 1,300 meters above sea level. In addition to its beautiful mountain landscapes, its lands are bathed by the waters of the Gurabo and Jagua rivers, the latter much visited by local people and other people. Economy The main source of economy in Juncalito is agriculture, its main product is coffee that takes advantage of favorable conditions, such as the height and cool climate of the mountains. This is one of the most important coffee plantations in the country, producing one of the best coffees in the world, where there are around 1,500 coffee producers between large, medium and small. Besides coffee, there is a minor vegetable production in juncalito, mostly for domestic consumption.
– World-Gazetteer.com | wiki-intro | 0 | 25.200274 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'The Reckoners'
The Reckoners is a series of young | The Reckoners is a series of young adult superhero novels written by American author Brandon Sanderson. The series consists of Steelheart (2013), Firefight (2015), Calamity (2016) and Lux (2021). The series depicts a post-apocalyptic world in which the appearance of an orbiting cosmic phenomenon known as Calamity has given random people superhuman powers in apparent defiance of known physical laws, turning them into "Epics". These Epics prey upon or enslave the rest of humanity, causing the collapse of traditional governments. One young man orphaned by a High Epic joins a group that is killing Epics. Background
Twelve years ago, an object dubbed Calamity appeared near Earth and burst in the sky, emitting a strange radiation which gave a small group of humans super powers and near invincibility in apparent defiance of the known laws of physics. They all have different types of powers and weaknesses, with no apparent rhyme or reason. Dubbed Epics, these super-humans took to crime. Existing government proved absolutely incapable of controlling the Epics, the most powerful of which replaced government authority and enslaved the rest of humanity. | wiki-intro | 0 | 32.256718 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Flying fish'
The Exocoetidae are a family of marine | The Exocoetidae are a family of marine fish in the order Perciformes. The family contains ten species which are found in the tropical and subtropical waters of the world. The flying fish is a common name given to several species in this family, including the gliding perch, the melon fly, and the golden threadfin. All of these species are able to glide through the air by flapping their wings. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.895354 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'History of Liberia'
Liberia is a country in West Africa | Liberia is a country in West Africa founded by free people of color from the United States. The emigration of African Americans, both free and recently emancipated, was funded and organized by the American Colonization Society (ACS). The mortality rate of these settlers was the highest in accurately recorded human history. Of the 4,571 emigrants who arrived in Liberia between 1820 and 1843, only 1,819 survived. In 1846, the first black governor of Liberia, Joseph Jenkins Roberts, requested the Liberian legislature to declare independence, but in a manner that would allow them to maintain contacts with the ACS. The legislature called for a referendum, in which Liberians chose independence. On July 26, 1847, a group of eleven signatories declared Liberia an independent nation. The ACS as well as several northern state governments and local colonization chapters continued to provide money and emigrants as late as the 1870s. The United States government declined to act upon requests from the ACS to make Liberia an American colony or to establish a formal protectorate over Liberia, but it did exercise a "moral protectorate" over Liberia, intervening when threats manifested towards Liberian territorial expansion or sovereignty. Upon Liberian independence, Roberts was elected as the first president of Liberia. | wiki-intro | 0 | 22.412924 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Cardston'
Cardston is a town in Alberta, Canada. | Cardston is a town in Alberta, Canada. The town had a population of 1,967 in the Canada 2011 Census. Cardston is located approximately 110 km southeast of Calgary on Highway 2.
Cardston was founded in 1887 by James W. Card and named after the Cardston, Alberta, town which was renamed in 1902. The town was originally part of the Cochrane District but became an independent municipality in 1912.
Cardston's economy is based primarily on agriculture and oil and gas production. The town has a grain elevator, three schools, a clinic, a police force, and a community hall. The town's most notable attraction is the Cardston Curling Club which was founded in 1903. | wiki-intro | 1 | 12.083614 | [
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Belly Button Fluff please Where does it come from and why does it collect in the belly button? Does it only happen to people with larger bellies? Explain like I' m five. | Google this, there are scientific studies. The lint comes from your underwear. Studies traced the origins of the fibers. They get there by mechanical motion of your body movements, through the hair in your groin and on your belly. That's right, underwear fibers get shimmied up your front from rubbing on your hair as you move, and collect in your belly button. You don't even have to wear your underwear high for this to happen. Keep yourself trimmed, and the problem will go away. Scientific America just had [* * an interesting article * *] (URL_ 0) on what is going on in your navel and the mini ecosystem of 100s of species that live there. I refer you to the 2002 IgNobel prize. URL_ 0 INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH: Karl Kruszelnicki of The University of Sydney, for performing a comprehensive survey of human belly button lint-- who gets it, when, what color, and how much. Results: URL_ 1 | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 45.788971 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Tim Knol'
Tim Knol (born 12 September 1989 in | Tim Knol (born 12 September 1989 in Hoorn) is a Dutch singer-songwriter. Biography
Knol was born and raised in Hoorn, where he started making music at the age of 10. Locally, he made an impression with the band Be Right Back in which he sang and played guitar. While playing in that band, he also worked on various side projects and recorded a couple of solo tracks. In May 2008 he played at De avond van het kippenvel in Utrecht, where he came in contact with Anne Soldaat, formerly of Daryll-Ann. Together they recorded some demos for Excelsior Recordings. In May 2009 he decided to quit his band, and start a solo career. In June 2009 the first result from his solo career, a cover version of Godley & Creme's Cry, appeared on the online compilation album Guilty Pleasures. Other artists that appeared on that album were Silence Is Sexy and Solo. | wiki-intro | 0 | 33.540359 | [
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How is hate speech considered constitutional? (American here) Wouldn't the first Amendment (freedom of speech) protect people and allow them to say what they want? what is hate speech defined as? Explain like I' m five. | Hate speech is constitutional, barring certain very limited restrictions. The basic principle coming out of R. A. V. v. St. Paul (1992) is that the government can not prohibit speech based on the * content * of the message. For example, trying to ban Neo-Nazis from holding demonstrations would boil down to the government banning them because they disapprove of what they are saying. Now, it's perfect correct for citizens to disapprove of Neo-Nazism, but it's not for the government to bring the force of law down upon them because, if we do, we have now entered the slippery slope of deciding what people can say based on the majority. We ban Neo-Nazi speech because we don't like it. What happens if the majority doesn't like Pro-gay rights speech? Or pro-evolutionary theory speech? We allow hate speech because it's not the job of the government to tell us what we are and aren't allowed to say. It's up to the citizens to individually decide what's appropriate. > Speech is powerful. It can stir people to action, move them to tears of both joy and sorrow, and — as it did here — inflict great pain. On the facts before us, we can not react to that pain by punishing the speaker. As a Nation we have chosen a different course — to protect even hurtful speech on public issues to ensure that we do not stifle public debate. > Snyder v. Phelps (2011) Hate speech is constitutional. Nearly everything you say is constitutionally protected (from state action). This protection extends to hate speech. But one situation where hate speech (or any speech for that matter) is * not * constitutionally protected is where it creates some sort of * immediate * danger to individuals. The common example is, "You can't yell'fire'in a crowded theater." So consider the following examples: * You say "I hate Japs." That's constitutional. The government * generally * can't stop you from saying that. * You say "I hate Japs. So let's draw our guns and grease all the slopes in this city" to an excited crowd in a public place. That's not constitutionally protected. You're inciting a race riot. The government can intervene and shut you down. It's unclear whether you mean * constitutional * or * unconstitutional *. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 19.452728 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Janet Chance'
Janet Chance (10 February 1886 – 18 | Janet Chance (10 February 1886 – 18 December 1953) was a British feminist writer, sex education advocate and birth control and abortion law reformer. Life
Born in Edinburgh, Scotland to Scottish Calvinist minister and New College principal Alexander Whyte and Jane Elizabeth Barbour, Janet Whyte married successful chemical firm owner and stockbroker Clinton Frederick Chance in 1912. The couple soon moved to London, England where they both became enthusiastic advocate and financial supporters of the English Malthusian League and the efforts of American reformer Margaret Sanger and the birth control movement. Despite suffering from intermittent bouts of depression, Janet Chance threw herself into work becoming a member of the Workers' Birth Control Group (WBCG), founded in 1924 by birth control advocates Stella Browne and Dora Russell to give women wider access to birth control information. Chance was so moved by the plight of poor and working-class women who had no knowledge of sex and reproduction and no access to the latest available contraceptive methods that she helped run a sex education centre in the East End of London. She gave a report, "A Marriage Education Centre in London," at the Third Congress of the World League for Sexual Reform in London in September 1929. | wiki-intro | 0 | 25.798021 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Patrick Simmons'
Patrick Simmons (born October 19, 1948) is | Patrick Simmons (born October 19, 1948) is an American academic and author who is currently the John Jay Professor of Criminal Justice at the City University of New York. Simmons has written extensively on criminology and criminal justice policy, with a focus on racial and ethnic disparities in criminal justice.
Patrick Simmons was born in New York City, to working-class Irish-American parents. He was raised in the Bronx, and earned his undergraduate degree from Fordham University in 1970. After serving in the Peace Corps in Kenya, he received his graduate degree from Rutgers University in 1973.
Simmons began his career as a social scientist at the RAND Corporation, where he worked on projects related to crime and public safety. He later became an associate professor at Columbia University, where he served as the director of the Center for Minority Youth. In 1997, Simmons joined the City University of New York (CUNY), where he has served as the John Jay Professor of Criminal Justice since 2007.
Simmons has written extensively on criminology and criminal justice policy, with a focus on racial and ethnic disparities in criminal justice. His books include "The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness" (2012), which was awarded The National Book Award for Nonfiction; "The Divide: American Racial Politics Since The Civil Rights Era" (2010); "Race Matters: The Unspoken Truth About Our Racial Divide" (2008); and "Criminal Justice Policy: Concepts and Cases" (2002). | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.645076 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Maine Mariners (ECHL)'
The Maine Mariners are a professional ice | The Maine Mariners are a professional ice hockey team in the ECHL that began play in the 2018–19 season. Based in Portland, Maine, the team plays their home games at Cross Insurance Arena. The team participate in the North Division of the Eastern Conference. The team replaced the American Hockey League's Portland Pirates after the franchise became the Springfield Thunderbirds in 2016. History
On May 23, 2016, the Portland Pirates' franchise was sold and relocated to Springfield, Massachusetts, and became the Springfield Thunderbirds. A team of investors headed by former Pirates executives W. Godfrey Wood and Brad Church—the latter a former Portland player as well—announced their intentions to put an ECHL team in Portland to fill the void, joining as early as 2017. However, progress to attain a franchise by the Portland group stalled until four groups, none of which involved Wood, submitted their own proposals at the end of February 2017. By March 8, the arena owners had narrowed their choices to the proposals submitted by Spectra and National Sports Services, with both groups having been involved with managing ECHL teams in their past. | wiki-intro | 0 | 13.971835 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Lepidoptera genitalia'
The study of the genitalia of Lepidoptera | The study of the genitalia of Lepidoptera is important for Lepidoptera taxonomy in addition to development, anatomy and natural history. The genitalia are complex and provide the basis for species discrimination in most families and also in family identification. The genitalia are attached onto the tenth or most distal segment of the abdomen. Lepidoptera have some of the most complex genital structures in the insect groups with a wide variety of complex spines, setae, scales and tufts in males, claspers of different shapes and different modifications of the ductus bursae in females. The arrangement of genitalia is important in the courtship and mating as they prevent cross-specific mating and hybridisation. The uniqueness of genitalia of a species led to the use of the morphological study of genitalia as one of the most important keys in taxonomic identification of taxa below family level. With the advent of DNA analysis, the study of genitalia has now become just one of the techniques used in taxonomy. | wiki-intro | 0 | 16.257105 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Holomráz'
Holomráz is the second studio album of | Holomráz is the second studio album of the Hungarian rock band Nemzeti Sport Club. It was released in 1992 by Rádiós Zrt.
The album was recorded at the Pannon Sound Studio in Szombathely, Hungary during the summer of 1991. The album peaked at number 3 on the Hungarian album chart.
The album's title is a portmanteau of "holom" (meaning "whole") and "ráz" (meaning "ray").
Nemzeti Sport Club was formed in 1988 by guitarists Gábor Pusztai and Ferenc Ruzsics, bassist László Bánki, and drummer Zoltán Czigány. The band's name is a reference to the Hungarian national sport club, the Nemzeti Sport Club.
Holomráz was well received by music critics. In a review for AllMusic, critic Eduard Prus wrote that the album is "packed with catchy hooks and energetic performances", and praised the band's "tight songwriting" and "vocal harmonies".
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Vitalii Markiv'
Vitalii Mykhailovych Markiv (, born August 16, | Vitalii Mykhailovych Markiv (, born August 16, 1984) is a Ukrainian football midfielder who currently plays for FC Metalurh Donetsk.
Markiv began his career in his home town club FC Metalurh Donetsk. He made his professional debut for the club in 2002 and has since become one of the most experienced and important players in the team. In 2006, he was part of the Metalurh Donetsk side that won the Ukrainian Premier League championship. With Metalurh Donetsk, he has also played in the UEFA Champions League, UEFA Cup, and UEFA Europa League. In total, he has made over 220 appearances for the club.
In January 2016, Markiv joined FC Shakhtar Donetsk on a two-and-a-half year contract. He made an immediate impact at the club, helping Shakhtar to win the Ukrainian Premier League title and reach the 2016 UEFA Champions League Final.
Markiv was born in Kharkiv, Ukraine. He is married and has two children. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.394156 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Mediacom'
Mediacom Communications Corporation is the United States' | Mediacom Communications Corporation is the United States' second-largest cable television company, with 1.2 million subscribers as of March 31, 2017. It is headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina.
Mediacom was founded on October 1, 1984, as Media Cable Corporation. In 1985, the company purchased Charlotte's first cable system, which served subscribers in the city's Uptown area. The company went public on November 23, 1988. By the early 1990s, Mediacom had expanded to cover most of the Carolinas and into Virginia. In 1993, Mediacom acquired the Memphis-based Cablevision Corporation. This gave Mediacom a presence in seven states (Arkansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia).
In 1996, Mediacom merged with TCI Communications Corporation (then the second-largest cable company in the United States) to form TCI/Mediacom Communications Corporation. The merged company had about 25 million subscribers. In 1999, TCI/Mediacom Communications Corporation was renamed Mediacom Communications Corporation.
In 2001, Mediacom acquired two cable systems in Concord and Myrtle Beach from Liberty Media Corporation for $1.425 billion in cash and stock. At the time of the acquisition, these systems had about 640,000 and 460,000 subscribers respectively. The combined systems had about 1 million subscribers by 2003. In 2004, Mediacom acquired three cable systems from Charter Communications for $2.4 billion: two systems in Columbus | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.827271 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Max Yergan'
Max Yergan (July 19, 1892 – April | Max Yergan (July 19, 1892 – April 11, 1975) was an African-American activist notable for being a Baptist missionary for the YMCA, then a Communist working with Paul Robeson, and finally a staunch anti-Communist who complimented the government of apartheid-era South Africa for that part of their program. He was a mentor of Govan Mbeki, who later achieved distinction in the African National Congress. He served as the second president of the National Negro Congress, a coalition of hundreds of African-American organizations created in 1935 by religious, labor, civic and fraternal leaders to fight racial discrimination, establish relations with black organizations throughout the world, and oppose the deportation of black immigrants. Along with Paul Robeson, he co-founded the International Committee on African Affairs in 1937, later the Council on African Affairs. Youth
Max Yergan was born on July 19, 1892, in Raleigh, North Carolina in his grandfather's house to mother Lizzie Yeargan, daughter of Frederick Yeargan. Fred was the source of inspiration for much of Max Yergan's life, as a board member at Shaw Institute and a member of the Baptist church in Raleigh, as well as a man deeply interested in his African heritage. Yergan attended St. Ambrose Episcopal Parish School as a child, and then moved on to attend Shaw University in both the preparatory and college branches. It was there at Shaw that Yergan discovered the YMCA, and in 1916, he joined a missionary trip to India, a trip that would greatly affect the rest of his adult life. | wiki-intro | 0 | 19.487371 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Koce Trajanovski'
Koce Trajanovski is a Macedonian politician. | Koce Trajanovski is a Macedonian politician. He was born on 2 September 1968 in the village of Mala Mala, in the municipality of Tearce.
Trajanovski has been a member of the Macedonian Parliament since 2001, and was Minister of Internal Affairs from 2006 to 2007. He is also a member of the Democratic Party of Macedonia. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.993253 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'USAT Liberty'
USAT Liberty was a United States Army | USAT Liberty was a United States Army cargo ship torpedoed by in January 1942 and beached on the island of Bali, Indonesia. She had been built as a Design 1037 ship for the United States Shipping Board in World War I and had served in the United States Navy in that war as animal transport USS Liberty (ID-3461). She was also notable as the first ship constructed at Federal Shipbuilding, Kearny, New Jersey. In 1963 a volcanic eruption moved the ship off the beach, and Libertys wreck is now a popular dive site. World War I
Liberty was launched on 19 June 1918 by the Federal Shipbuilding Company in Kearny, New Jersey, and acquired by the United States Navy on 7 October 1918 and commissioned the same day with Lieutenant Commander Charles Longbottom in command. Assigned to the Naval Overseas Transportation Service, Liberty departed the New York Navy Yard on 24 October 1918, arriving at Brest, France, with her cargo of horses on 8 November. Over the next 6 months, Liberty made two additional cruises from New York to France discharging both animal and general cargo at French ports. Loaded with 436 tons of U.S. Army cargo and 2,072 tons of steel rails, Liberty arrived at Newport News, Virginia, on 30 April 1919 from her final cruise. She was decommissioned there on 7 May and was returned to the United States Shipping Board the same day. | wiki-intro | 0 | 16.64097 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Motorola RAZR i'
The Motorola RAZR i (XT890) is a | The Motorola RAZR i (XT890) is a smartphone designed and manufactured by Motorola Mobility. It was announced on February 3, 2009, and was released on February 10, 2009.
The RAZR i is a slider phone that features a 4-inch WVGA TFT display, a 1 GHz processor, 512 MB of internal storage, and a 5-megapixel camera. It runs the Android 2.3 operating system and features a front-facing 0.3-megapixel camera. | wiki-intro | 1 | 3.861989 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Krzysztof Kąkolewski'
Krzysztof Kąkolewski (16 March 1930 – 24 | Krzysztof Kąkolewski (16 March 1930 – 24 May 2015) was a Polish book author, life-long scholar, investigative journalist considered the pillar of the Polish school of reportage, as well as dramatist and screenwriter. He graduated from the Faculty of Journalism in the Warsaw University in 1954 and continued his studies at the University of Strasbourg in 1961. For some 40 years afterwards, he served as a lecturer at his alma mater in the Faculty of Journalism and Political Science between 1964 and 2004. Kąkolewski himself, became the subject of a TV documentary produced by Telewizja Polska as well as biography written by Marta Sieciechowicz and published in 2009 by Von Borowiecky publishing house as Potwór z Saskiej Kępy (Hellion of Saska Kępa), . He was the author of over 30 non-fiction books with the total circulation of 1.5 million copies, and the recipient of numerous national awards and honours. Life
Kąkolewski was born in Suchedniów near Warsaw, nine years before invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. His father was a lawyer, killed during the Siege of Warsaw in 1939. Kąkolewski published his first novella at the age of 48, after nearly three decades of often controversial (from the communist standpoint), but highly popular non-fiction works about events in Poland's postwar history. He interviewed former Nazi criminals living safely in Western Germany, e.g. Hans Fleischhacker, Heinz Reinefarth, subsequently described in his book Co u pana słychać? published in 1975, 1978, and 1981. His criminal novel based on authentic MO police records Zbrodniarz, który ukradł zbrodnię was filmed in 1969, as one of the best Polish movies of the time, starring Zygmunt Hübner and Barbara Brylska. Kąkolewski wrote an entire book about the seminal postwar novel Ashes and Diamonds written by Jerzy Andrzejewski and filmed by Andrzej Wajda. He also wrote a monograph about Stalinist terror in the Kielce region, leading to Kielce pogrom of 1946 in postwar Poland. | wiki-intro | 0 | 28.557734 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Nemean lion'
The Nemean lion (; Neméos léōn; | The Nemean lion (; Neméos léōn; ) was a vicious monster in Greek mythology that lived at Nemea. It was eventually killed by Heracles. It could not be killed with mortals' weapons because its golden fur was impervious to attack. Its claws were sharper than mortals' swords and could destroy any strong armor. In Bibliotheca, Photius wrote that the dragon Ladon, who guarded the golden apples, was his brother. Parents
Hesiod has the Nemean lion as the offspring of Orthus, and an ambiguous "she", often understood as probably referring to the Chimera, or possibly to Echidna, or even Ceto. According to Hesiod, the lion was raised by Hera and sent to terrorize the hills of Nemea. According to Apollodorus, he was the offspring of Typhon. In another tradition, told by Aelian (citing Epimenides) and Hyginus, the lion was "sprung from" the moon-goddess Selene, who threw him from the moon at Hera's request. | wiki-intro | 0 | 20.393152 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Thomas Bradbury Chandler'
Thomas Bradbury Chandler (April 26, 1726 – | Thomas Bradbury Chandler (April 26, 1726 – March 4, 1809) was an American jurist and politician who served as a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts and as the tenth Governor of Massachusetts.
Chandler was born in West Boylston, Massachusetts on April 26, 1726 to Thomas Chandler and Mercy Bradbury. He was educated at Harvard College, where he graduated in 1749. He then studied law with Ebenezer Winslow and was admitted to the bar in 1752.
Chandler began practice in West Boylston. He served as a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1757 to 1759. He served as a Massachusetts State Senator from 1759 to 1763, and as a member of the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1775.
Chandler was elected as a Federalist to the Eighth Congress and reelected to the Ninth and Tenth Congresses, serving from March 4, 1789 until his death in Boston on March 4, 1809. He was also Governor of Massachusetts from September 23, 1792 until his death. He is interred in Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.616418 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Nick Gorshenin'
Nicholas Gorshenin (25 October 1922 – 9 | Nicholas Gorshenin (25 October 1922 – 9 October 2005) was a shark meshing contractor, North Sydney Council alderman and one of the founders of the Liberal Reform Group, which became the Australia Party. The preferences from the Australia Party in the 1972 elections assisted the Australian Labor Party under Gough Whitlam bring to an end 23 years of Liberal Country Party rule. The Australia Party later merged with Democrats to become the Australian Democrats. Early life
Gorshenin was born in Vladivostok, Russia, the fourth child and eldest son of five children from Nickolai Gorshenin, who was a Colonel in the Imperial Russian Army, and Anastasia Gorshenin (née Branski). The family became separated in the chaos after the fall of Vladivostok, the last city to hold out from the Bolshevik revolution. His mother had to trek the harsh Siberian landscape, with her two young daughters and one-week-old baby Nick, to Harbin to meet up with her husband. | wiki-intro | 0 | 21.384521 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'La Grille'
La Grille is a volcano in the | La Grille is a volcano in the Mont Blanc massif of the Alps, located in the canton of Aosta. It has an elevation of 3,829 metres (12,799 ft). La Grille is one of the most active volcanoes in the Alps and has been erupting continuously since 1792. The latest eruption was in 2009.
The first recorded ascent of La Grille was made on July 25, 1792 by a group of French alpinists including Jean-Antoine Carrel, Pierre-Jean de Béthencourt, Jacques Balmat and Pierre-Marc Du Pont. The mountain was first ascended by a German party on July 5, 1810. The first summit was reached by the Swiss guides J.-A. Carrel and P.A. Bosshard on July 8, 1810 with three other climbers.
The most recent eruption was on January 12, 2009 with an estimated volume of 2 km3. | wiki-intro | 1 | 11.579247 | [
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How do public-company buyouts work? | As a TL; DR version of JAGAnalyst' s excellent answer: the buying company doesn' t need every last share; all they need is to get 51% of the voting bloc to agree to the merger, and to vote that way at a shareholder meeting. Or, if they can get a supermajority (90% in the US), they don' t even need a vote. Usually, a buying company' s first option is a "friendly merger"; they approach the board of directors (or the direct owners of a private company) and make a "tender offer" to buy the company by purchasing their controlling interest. The board, if they find the offer attractive enough, will agree, and usually their support (or the outright sale of shares) will get the company the 51% they need. Failing the first option, the buying company' s next strategy is to make the same tender offer on the open market. This must be a public declaration and there must be time for the market to absorb the news before the company can begin purchasing shares on the open market. The goal is to acquire 51% of the total shares in existence. Not 51% of market cap; that' s the number (or value) of shares offered for public trading. You could buy 100% of Facebook' s market cap and not be anywhere close to a majority holding (Zuckerberg himself owns 51% of the company, and other VCs still have closely-held shares not available for public trading). That means that a company that doesn' t have 51% of its shares on the open market is pretty much un-buyable without getting at least some of those private shareholders to cash out. But, that' s actually pretty rare; some of your larger multinationals may have as little as 10% of their equity in the hands of the upper management who would be trying to resist such a takeover. At this point, the company being bought is probably treating this as a "hostile takeover". They have options, such as: However, for companies that are at risk of a takeover, unless management still controls enough of the company that an overruling public stockholder decision would have to be unanimous, the shareholder voting body will often reject efforts to activate these measures, because the takeover is often viewed as a good thing for them; if the company' s vulnerable, that' s usually because it has under-performing profits (or losses), which depresses its stock prices, and the buying company will typically make a tender offer well above the current stock value. Should the buying company succeed in approving the merger, any "holdouts" who did not want the merger to occur and did not sell their stock are "squeezed out"; their shares are forcibly purchased at the tender price, or exchanged for equivalent stock in the buying company (nobody deals in paper certificates anymore, and as of the dissolution of the purchased company' s AOI such certs would be worthless), and they either move forward as shareholders in the new company or take their cash and go home. | hc3-finance | 0 | 25.16641 | [
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Why can't we have external graphics cards? My laptop has a card in it that's soldered to it but why couldn't we have an external graphics card that plugs into the laptop, is there a particular reason? Please explain like I' m five. | It is possible to use an external graphics card with a laptop, but it is not as common as using an internal graphics card. There are a few reasons for this: 1. Size and portability: Laptops are designed to be portable, which means they are smaller and lighter than desktop computers. Adding an external graphics card would make the laptop larger and heavier, which could be inconvenient for people who need to take their laptop with them on the go. 2. Power: Laptops usually have limited power available, which means they may not be able to support the power needs of an external graphics card. The external graphics card would need to be plugged into an external power source, which could be inconvenient. 3. Cost: External graphics cards can be expensive, and adding one to a laptop would increase the overall cost of the device. Despite these limitations, some people still choose to use external graphics cards with their laptops. This can be done using a device called a "laptop docking station," which allows the laptop to be connected to an external monitor, keyboard, and other peripherals, as well as an external graphics card. However, this is not a common solution, as it can be expensive and may not provide the same level of performance as an internal graphics card. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 5.480832 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Jackson's Valley campaign'
Jackson's Valley campaign, also known as the | Jackson's Valley campaign, also known as the Shenandoah Valley campaign of 1862, was Confederate Maj. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson's spring 1862 campaign through the Shenandoah Valley in Virginia during the American Civil War. Employing audacity and rapid, unpredictable movements on interior lines, Jackson's 17,000 men marched 646 miles (1,040 km) in 48 days and won several minor battles as they successfully engaged three Union armies (52,000 men), preventing them from reinforcing the Union offensive against Richmond. Jackson suffered an initial tactical defeat (his second defeat of the war) at the First Battle of Kernstown (March 23, 1862) against Col. Nathan Kimball (part of Union Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks's army), but it proved to be a strategic Confederate victory because President Abraham Lincoln reinforced the Union's Valley forces with troops that had originally been designated for the Peninsula campaign against Richmond. Following Kernstown, Jackson retreated to form a line at Stony Creek south of Woodstock, making his headquarters at Narrow Passage on Stony Creek. It was there he summoned a local cartographer, Jedediah Hotchkiss, who recommended he withdraw from the indefensible Stony Creek to Rude's Hill, a strategic small promontory but a commanding defensive position astride the Valley Turnpike south of Mt. Jackson. It was at Rude's Hill, which was Jackson's headquarters from 2-17 April, that Jackson reorganized his command. Jackson had instructed Hotckiss to "make me a map of the Valley, from Harper's Ferry to Lexington, showing all the points of offence and defence [sic] in those places." The Shenandoah Valley had never been comprehensively mapped before, and Hotchkiss' maps and knowledge of the terrain proved to be a decisive tactical advantage for Jackson throughout the rest of the campaign. | wiki-intro | 0 | 24.37887 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Simone (2002 film)'
Simone (stylized as S1M0̸NE) is a 2002 | Simone (stylized as S1M0̸NE) is a 2002 American satirical science fiction film written, produced, and directed by Andrew Niccol. It stars Al Pacino, Catherine Keener, Evan Rachel Wood, Rachel Roberts, Jay Mohr, and Winona Ryder. The story follows a fading director creating a virtual actor to star in his films and the attempts he makes to keep her non-presence a secret as she becomes more famous. Simone garnered mixed reviews from critics but was a minor box-office hit, grossing $19.6 million worldwide against its $10 million budget. Plot
When Nicola Anders (Winona Ryder), the star of the new film by out-of-favor director Viktor Taransky (Al Pacino), refuses to finish it, Taransky is forced to find a replacement. Contractual requirements totally prevent using her image in the film, so he must re-shoot. Instead, Taransky experiments with a new computer program he inherits from late acquaintance Hank Aleno (Elias Koteas) which allows the creation of a computer-generated woman which he can easily animate to play the film's central character. Taransky names his virtual actor "Simone," a name derived from the computer program's title, Simulation One. Seamlessly incorporated into the film, Simone (Rachel Roberts) gives a fantastic performance, exactly controlled by Taransky. The film is immediately a huge success. The studio, and soon the world, ask "who is Simone?" | wiki-intro | 0 | 35.919453 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Outwood Colliery'
Outwood Colliery was a coal mine in | Outwood Colliery was a coal mine in the east end of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. The mine was operational from 1892 until 1990.
Outwood Colliery was located in the east end of Newcastle upon Tyne, at the junction of the A1 and the A167 roads. The mine had an official capacity of 1,468,000 tonnes of coal, but produced 1,994,000 tonnes during its operational life. Outwood Colliery was initially owned by the Northumberland Coal and Iron Company, but was later acquired by British Coal. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.459353 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Receptive aphasia'
Wernicke's aphasia, also known as receptive aphasia, | Wernicke's aphasia, also known as receptive aphasia, sensory aphasia or posterior aphasia, is a type of aphasia in which individuals have difficulty understanding written and spoken language. Patients with Wernicke's aphasia demonstrate fluent speech, which is characterized by typical speech rate, intact syntactic abilities and effortless speech output. Writing often reflects speech in that it tends to lack content or meaning. In most cases, motor deficits (i.e. hemiparesis) do not occur in individuals with Wernicke's aphasia. Therefore, they may produce a large amount of speech without much meaning. Individuals with Wernicke's aphasia are typically unaware of their errors in speech and do not realize their speech may lack meaning. They typically remain unaware of even their most profound language deficits. Like many acquired language disorders, Wernicke's aphasia can be experienced in many different ways and to many different degrees. Patients diagnosed with Wernicke's aphasia can show severe language comprehension deficits; however, this is dependent on the severity and extent of the lesion. Severity levels may range from being unable to understand even the simplest spoken and/or written information to missing minor details of a conversation. Many diagnosed with Wernicke's aphasia have difficulty with repetition in words and sentences and/or working memory. | wiki-intro | 0 | 12.862009 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Byne Blueberry Farms'
Byne Blueberry Farms is an organic blueberry | Byne Blueberry Farms is an organic blueberry farm located in Wallingford, Connecticut. The farm was founded in 1991 by husband and wife team, Richard and Leslie Byne.
The Byne Blueberry Farms is a family-owned and operated organic blueberry farm that produces high-quality fruit for sale to the general public. The farm is located in Wallingford, Connecticut, and is dedicated to producing the highest quality organic blueberries possible.
The Byne Blueberry Farms grows a variety of blueberries, including both wild and cultivated varieties. The wild berries are picked early in the season, before they are fully ripe. The cultivation berries are allowed to mature for a longer period of time, resulting in a sweeter flavor and more consistent size.
The Byne Blueberry Farms sells their fruit directly to the public through their website and local retail outlets. They also offer samples of their product at local festivals and fairs.
The Byne Blueberry Farms is dedicated to providing quality organic blueberries to the general public. They grow a variety of blueberries, both wild and cultivated, for sale to the public. They also offer samples of their product at local festivals and fairs. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.858571 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Madonna Thunder Hawk'
Madonna Thunder Hawk (born Madonna Gilbert) is | Madonna Thunder Hawk (born Madonna Gilbert) is a Native American powwow dancer and singer. Thunder Hawk was born on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota, to Gilbert and Shirley Gilbert. Thunder Hawk has been a powwow dancer since she was four years old, and began her singing career in 1984. She has performed at powwows and Native American events across the United States, Canada, and Mexico.
Madonna Thunder Hawk was born on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota, to Gilbert and Shirley Gilbert. Thunder Hawk has been a powwow dancer since she was four years old, and began her singing career in 1984. She has performed at powwows and Native American events across the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Thunder Hawk has won numerous awards for her dancing and singing, including the prestigious Gallup Indian Award in 1981. She has also been featured on television shows such as "The Late Show with David Letterman" and "The Oprah Winfrey Show". Madonna Thunder Hawk is a member of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation, which is a federally recognized tribe. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.896739 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Fugitive Slave Convention'
The Fugitive Slave Law Convention was held | The Fugitive Slave Law Convention was held in Washington, D.C., on May 25 and 26, 1850. It was the first national convention of African Americans in the United States.
The Fugitive Slave Law Convention was convened to address the issue of fugitive slaves, and to develop a strategy for preventing their escape. The convention was organized by Frederick Douglass and other African American leaders. The main goals of the convention were to create a unified movement among African Americans and to gain support from white Americans for their cause.
The delegates at the Fugitive Slave Law Convention were mainly from free states in the North, as well as from some southern states. They represented a wide range of political opinions, and many of them were active in antislavery organizations. The convention adopted a resolution calling for the abolition of slavery throughout the United States, and it also passed resolutions urging Congress to pass laws protecting fugitive slaves and providing them with protection from recapture. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.916691 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Stuttgart, Arkansas'
Stuttgart is a city in and the | Stuttgart is a city in and the county seat of Carroll County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 6,592 at the 2010 census.
Stuttgart is located in the southeastern corner of Carroll County at (33.681128, -92.528286). It is bordered to the east by the town of Harrison, to the south by the city of Conway and to the west by Eureka Springs.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,594 people, 2,929 households, and 2,214 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,854.8 people per square mile (769.1/km²). There were 3,033 housing units at an average density of 758.4 per square mile (292.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 98.12% White, 0.19% Native American, 0.38% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.27% from other races, and 0.72% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.11% of the population.
There were 2,929 households out of which 32.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.0% were married couples living together, 11.3% had a female householder with no husband | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.085459 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Johnny Dio'
Giovanni Ignazio Dioguardi (; April 29, 1914 | Giovanni Ignazio Dioguardi (; April 29, 1914 – May 12, 1997) was an Italian rock singer and songwriter, best known as the lead singer of the heavy metal band Black Sabbath. He was also a member of Dio and the Holy Bible.
Born in 1914 in the small town of Gallipoli, on the Italian island of Sicily, Giovanni Ignazio Dioguardi began his musical career in the late 1930s, playing in local bands before moving to Milan in the early 1940s. There he met and worked with American expatriate Ronnie James Dio, with whom he formed the first incarnation of Black Sabbath in 1966. The group achieved international success with their eponymous debut album, released in 1970. They were a major influence on heavy metal music and remain one of the most commercially successful hard rock bands of all time.
Dioguardi left Black Sabbath in 1979 to form his own band, Dio, which released two albums before splitting up in 1983. He remained active as a solo artist until his death from a heart attack in 1997. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.160408 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Timothy Allen'
Timothy Allen (born 1971) is an English | Timothy Allen (born 1971) is an English actor, comedian and writer.
Allen was born in London, England, to a Welsh father and an English mother. He was educated at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA), where he graduated with a degree in acting. Allen first came to prominence as a member of the alternative comedy group The Comic Strip Presents: Dead End. He then appeared in several British television sitcoms, including The Young Ones, Blackadder II, and My Family.
In 2001, Allen starred in his first leading role in the British comedy film Mr. Bean's Holiday. He has since appeared in several more successful films, including Stardust, Four Weddings and a Funeral, Notting Hill and The Hangover Part III. Allen has also made guest appearances on popular American sitcoms such as 30 Rock, Parks and Recreation and The Office.
Allen has written two books: an autobiography entitled Not All Men (2010) and an updated version of his one-man show Based on a True Story (2011). In 2012, Allen starred in the UK comedy series Midsomer Murders as DI Tom Barnaby. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.028011 | [
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Why does zero factorial equal one? I know that 0! = 1, but what's the reason? Explain like I' m five. | Sure! The factorial of a number is a way of multiplying that number by all the numbers that come before it. For example, the factorial of 4 is 4 x 3 x 2 x 1, which is equal to 24. The factorial of 0 is a little bit different. If we try to find the factorial of 0 by multiplying all the numbers that come before it, we don't have any numbers to multiply! There are no numbers that come before 0. So, to make the math work out, we say that the factorial of 0 is equal to 1. This may seem strange at first, but it's actually a really useful way to make sure that certain equations and formulas work out correctly. I hope that helps! Let me know if you have any more questions. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 7.320247 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Movement Research'
Movement Research is a non-profit organization that | Movement Research is a non-profit organization that conducts qualitative and quantitative research on social movements. The organization was founded in 2004 by Melissa Michelson and Josh Cohen.
Movement Research's mission is to support social movement research by providing resources, training, and networking opportunities. The organization also aims to promote the use of qualitative and quantitative methods in social movement research.
Movement Research has a library that contains books, journals, and software related to social movements. The library is open to members and non-members. The organization also offers workshops and seminars on topics related to social movements. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.133652 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Suddhasattwa Basu'
Suddhasattwa Basu (born 1956) is an Indian | Suddhasattwa Basu (born 1956) is an Indian-born British sculptor.
Basu was born in India in 1956, and moved to the United Kingdom in 1978. He studied sculpture at the Slade School of Fine Art, University of London, graduating with a BFA in 1982. Basu has exhibited his work internationally, including at the Serpentine Gallery, London (2007); the Museum of Modern Art, New York (2007); and the Tate Britain, London (2004). Basu's work is in the collections of the Museum of Modern Art, New York; the Tate Britain; and the Victoria and Albert Museum, London. | wiki-intro | 1 | 3.974355 | [
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Homeotic selector genes confer segment identity in | Homeotic selector genes confer segment identity in Drosophila. They encode homeodomain proteins which interact with Hox and other homeotic genes to initiate segment-specific gene regulation. Homeodomain proteins are transcription factors that share a DNA-binding domain called the homeodomain. Changes in the expression and function of homeotic genes are responsible for the changes in the morphology of the limbs of arthropods as well as in the axial skeletons of vertebrates. Mutations in homeotic selector genes do not lead to elimination of a segment or pattern, but instead cause the segment to develop incorrectly. History
The homeotic selector genes were discovered through the genetic analysis of Drosophila over 80 years ago . Unusual disturbances were found in the organization of the adult fly, resulting in misplaced limbs, such as legs developing where antennae usually develop or an extra pair of wings developing where halteres should be. This discovery provided a glimpse to understanding how each segment acquires its individual identity. | wiki-intro | 0 | 26.747572 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Trauma center'
A trauma center (or trauma centre) is | A trauma center (or trauma centre) is a hospital equipped and staffed to provide care for patients suffering from major traumatic injuries such as falls, motor vehicle collisions, or gunshot wounds. A trauma center may also refer to an emergency department (also known as a "casualty department" or "accident and emergency") without the presence of specialized services to care for victims of major trauma. In the United States, a hospital can receive trauma center status by meeting specific criteria established by the American College of Surgeons (ACS) and passing a site review by the Verification Review Committee. Official designation as a trauma center is determined by individual state law provisions. Trauma centers vary in their specific capabilities and are identified by "Level" designation: Level I (Level-1) being the highest and Level III (Level-3) being the lowest (some states have five designated levels, in which case Level V (Level-5) is the lowest). | wiki-intro | 0 | 12.905926 | [
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who wrote nature boy | "Nature Boy" is a song written by eden ahbez and first recorded by Nat King Cole in 1948. The song became a hit, reaching the top of the Billboard charts, and has been covered by many artists since. "Nature Boy" is a song written by eden ahbez and was recorded and popularized by Nat King Cole. It was released in 1948 and became a major hit, reaching the top of the Billboard chart. The song has been covered by numerous artists over the years and has become a jazz and pop standard. "Nature Boy" is a song written by eden ahbez and was first recorded by Nat King Cole in 1948. The song became a hit, reaching number one on the Billboard charts and becoming one of Cole's signature songs. It has since been covered by numerous artists and has been featured in various films and television shows. | hc3-open_qa | 1 | 9.000288 | [
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