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string | text
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int64 | perplexity
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What the fuck Big O was about. The anime. It confuses me even to this day. Explain like I' m five. | It's kinda like the Matrix. The entire series is the people of Paradigm coming to grips with the fact that they have memories of a life outside the city. Eventually, its revealed Paradigm is simply the AI mental construct of an advanced virtual race. In the end, the virtual race wins and reboots the program, sending everybody back to the start. Fundamentally, it's just a way of evaluating how slow an algorithm (i. e., a way of doing things) can be if it has to do what it does on a large number of different things. Pretend there are two cashiers at the supermarket. One of them totals up what you have to pay by looking at each item individually and typing in its price. If there are 30 items, she has to type in 30 prices. Hence, if there are * n * items, then she has to type in * n * prices. We say that her way of doing things is O(n) (pronounced "big oh of n"). Pretend that another cashier has a different way of doing things. He weighs your cart once, and charges you a flat price for everything, depending on the weight. No matter how many items you have in your cart, it takes the same time to weigh your stuff. If it takes 1 minute to weigh your cart, it doesn't matter if you have 10 items or 1000; it will always take one minute. So for * n * items, it takes a "constant" amount of time. In this case, we say that this way of doing things is O(1) (pronounced "big oh of one"). This is also sometimes called "constant time," since the amount of time it takes stays constant even as you have more and more items. Computer scientists use the "Big O" concept to analyze how long it will take to process numbers using different methods. This is very important in computer science, because computer scientists often have to work with millions of different numbers at a time, so it's important to use the most efficient ways of processing data. All I know is the guy controlled everything Big O did with two levers. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 18.118206 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Jean-Luc Moulène'
Jean-Luc Moulène (born 1955) is a French | Jean-Luc Moulène (born 1955) is a French art historian and critic.
He is the former Director of the Centre Pompidou in Paris. He has also been the Director of the Musée d'Orsay since 2006.
Moulène was born in 1955 in Marseille, France. He studied art history at the University of Paris III – Sorbonne and then at the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts, where he earned his doctorate in 1983. In 1988 he became an assistant professor at the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts, where he stayed until 1997.
Moulène was then appointed director of the Centre Pompidou, a post he held until 2006. In 2006 he became Director of the Musée d'Orsay, a post he still holds today. | wiki-intro | 1 | 4.548982 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Nickel defense'
In American football, a nickel defense (also | In American football, a nickel defense (also called a five-defender defense or simply a nickel) is a defensive alignment with five defensive backs. Nickel defenses are most commonly used in the NFL, but are also used in the Canadian Football League and other leagues.
A nickel defense is generally used when the team expects to be heavily attacked by an opponent's running game, and wants to have more defenders in support of their primary defensive linemen and linebackers. When in a nickel defense, the linebackers line up behind the offensive line, instead of outside of it. This allows for more blitzing possibilities by the linebackers, as well as more coverage on the secondary receivers. | wiki-intro | 1 | 10.870968 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Mountain Rest'
Mountain Rest is a historic religious summer | Mountain Rest is a historic religious summer retreat on Wildwood Lane, off Spruce Corner Road in Goshen, Massachusetts. Built in the first decade of the 20th century, it served as a retreat for Christian missionaries to foreign countries during periods of furlough in the United States, and as a training facility for future missionaries. The camp was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The camp closed in 1970, and in 1987 the complex was converted to condominiums. Description and history
Mountain Rest is located in the northwest part of Goshen, a rural community in the central eastern Berkshires. It is a cluster of buildings on Wildwood Road, formerly the camp's access road, north of Massachusetts Route 9 off Spruce Corner Road. The camp has seven buildings, all of wood-frame construction, organized around the drive, which ends in a loop around which most of the buildings are arranged. The largest of the buildings is Scudder Hall, a two-story building constructed in 1902 as a dormitory, which served as the focal point of the community. The most architecturally sophisticated is Avery Cottage, a four-story multi-gabled structure with Victorian stylistic elements. | wiki-intro | 0 | 24.751371 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'January 1942'
The following events occurred in January 1942: | The following events occurred in January 1942:
- Adolf Hitler's New Year's speech
- The Battle of Stalingrad begins
- Japanese forces invade Burma
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Ninety-Nines'
The Ninety-Nines: International Organization of Women Pilots, | The Ninety-Nines: International Organization of Women Pilots, is an organization of women pilots. It was founded in 1929, and is headquartered in Dublin, Ireland.
The Ninety-Nines deal with issues such as safety, promotion and networking for female pilots. They also offer scholarships for women to pursue pilot training. In addition, the organization works to increase the number of women in aviation. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.548311 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Thomas L. Holling'
Thomas Leslie Holling (1889–1966) was mayor of | Thomas Leslie Holling (1889–1966) was mayor of the City of Buffalo, New York, serving 1938–1941. He was born April 23, 1889, in Bad Axe, Michigan. He grew up in Wyoming, Ontario, moving to Buffalo in 1906, and learned the printing business. He started his own printing business in 1911, the Holling Press. In 1924, the company opened a new 10-story plant at 501 Washington Street. On June 14, 1910, he married Mary Lenhard; she died in 1955 and he remarried the following year to Helen Busch Steele in St. Petersburg, Florida. He was elected mayor on November 2, 1937, as the Democratic candidate. During his term, the Lakeview and Willert Park housing projects were developed. Also constructed was the Kleinhans Music Hall and Buffalo Memorial Auditorium. After completing his single term, he returned to private life. In 1945, he received the Democratic nomination for mayor, but was defeated in the election by the Republican candidate Bernard J. Dowd. In early May 1946, Holling was one of several possible candidates in consideration for the post of governor of Puerto Rico. He died on November 25, 1966, in his home in Redington Beach, Florida, and was buried in Mount Calvary Cemetery in Cheektowaga, New York. | wiki-intro | 0 | 18.364676 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'German submarine U-602'
German submarine U-602 was a Type VIIC | German submarine U-602 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II.
She was laid down on 8 February 1941 by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg as yard number 578, launched on 30 October 1941 and commissioned on 29 December 1941 under Oberleutnant zur See Philipp Schüler. Design
German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-602 had a displacement of when at the surface and while submerged. She had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of for use while surfaced, two Brown, Boveri & Cie GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to . | wiki-intro | 0 | 35.214012 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Craveri's murrelet'
Craveri's murrelet (Synthliboramphus craveri) is a small | Craveri's murrelet (Synthliboramphus craveri) is a small seabird which breeds on offshore islands in both the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of California off the Baja peninsula of Mexico. It also wanders fairly regularly as far as central California in the US, primarily during post-breeding dispersal. It is threatened by predators introduced to its breeding colonies, by oil spills, and by tanker traffic. Increasing tourism development and commercial fishing fleets also further threaten the species. With an estimated population of 6,000-10,000 breeding pairs, its population is listed as vulnerable. Description and range
The Craveri's murrelet is a small black and white auk with a small head and thin sharp bill. It resembles the closely related Scripps's murrelet, with which it shares the distinction of being the most southerly living of all the auk species. The Craveri's murrelet has a partial neck collar (Scripps's has none), and dusky underwings (Scripps's has white underwings). Craveri's black face mask dips a bit further down the face compared to the Scripps's. Both species can be also separated by voice. | wiki-intro | 0 | 33.088192 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Battle of Bergama'
The Battle of Bergama was fought at | The Battle of Bergama was fought at and near Bergama (ancient Pergamon, now a district center of İzmir Province, Turkey) between the Greek army and forces of the nascent Turkish National Movement (Kuva-yi Milliye) during the Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922. The Turkish forces pushed the Greek army from Bergama on 15 June, but the town was recaptured on 22 June. Background
Following the decisions of the Allied Supreme War Council, on 14 May 1919 the city of Smyrna (İzmir) was occupied by the Greek army. Over the following weeks, the Greek army began expanding its zone of occupation around the city, The Greek occupation immediately faced armed resistance by irregular forces, and was hampered due to political considerations: as the Smyrna Zone was still officially Ottoman territory, Turkish officials remained in place in the civil administration, as well as in the telegraph and railways; censorship was not imposed and allowed the propaganda of the Turkish National Movement to be freely distributed; and the disarming of the civilian population (including demobilized Ottoman soldiers) was prohibited by the Allies. This allowed the Turks to freely recruit and gather arms and ammunition, creating armed groups often directed by discharged Ottoman Army officers. | wiki-intro | 0 | 21.956718 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Nor-Way Bussekspress'
NOR-WAY Bussekspress is a Norwegian intercity coach | NOR-WAY Bussekspress is a Norwegian intercity coach operator.
The company was founded in 1928 as Bussekspressen. It changed its name to Nor-Way Bussekspress in 1984. It currently operates coaches between Oslo and Bergen, as well as linking Oslo with Trondheim and Stavanger. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.134053 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Jack Coughlan'
John J. (Jack) Coughlan was an Irish | John J. (Jack) Coughlan was an Irish American stage and film actor.
Coughlan was born in New York City, to Irish American parents. After studying at the University of California, Los Angeles, he began his career in the theater, appearing in productions of "The Glass Menagerie" and "Death of a Salesman". He made his film debut in the role of Wilbur in the 1941 film version of "The Great Gatsby". He also appeared in such films as "Casablanca", "The Godfather", "The Silence of the Lambs", and "Titanic". Coughlan starred in the television series "The Fugitive" from 1967 to 1973. He died at the age of 83 after a long illness. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.513732 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Pultenaea williamsoniana'
Pultenaea williamsoniana, commonly known as Williamson's bush-pea, | Pultenaea williamsoniana, commonly known as Williamson's bush-pea, is a species of flowering plant in the legume family, Fabaceae. It is endemic to eastern Australia, where it is found in coastal and inland areas from the Mid West region of New South Wales south to Victoria.
Williamson's bush-pea is a small to medium-sized shrub or small tree up to 3.5 m tall, with a very hairy trunk and branches. The leaves are alternate, simple, 5–10 cm long and 2–3 cm wide, with a serrated margin. The flowers are pea-like, with five white petals and numerous stamens. The fruit is a pod about 20 cm long, containing two or three small black seeds. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.807702 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'William H. Hinrichsen'
William Henry Hinrichsen (May 27, 1850 – | William Henry Hinrichsen (May 27, 1850 – November 17, 1922) was an American astronomer, mathematician and physicist who made significant contributions to astronomy, most notably the development of the photographic plates-based system now in use. He also developed a new type of telescope that was particularly useful for astronomical observations.
Born in Chicago, Illinois, Hinrichsen received his early education at the University of Chicago where he studied mathematics and astronomy. In 1871 he became a professor at the University of California, Berkeley, where he worked until his death. Hinrichsen is best known for his work on the development of the photographic plates-based system now in use. This system makes it possible to make detailed observations of astronomical objects by photographing them with a camera instead of relying on drawings or other means of making a record. Hinrichsen also developed a new type of telescope that was particularly useful for astronomical observations. | wiki-intro | 1 | 10.338614 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Stirling Prize'
The Royal Institute of British Architects Stirling | The Royal Institute of British Architects Stirling Prize is a British prize for excellence in architecture. It is named after the architect James Stirling, organised and awarded annually by the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA). The RIBA Stirling Prize is presented to "the architects of the building that has made the greatest contribution to the evolution of architecture in the past year." The architects must be RIBA members. Until 2014 the building could be anywhere in the European Union, but since 2015 has had to be in the UK. In the past the award has come with a £20,000 prize, but currently it carries no prize money. The award was founded in 1996, and is considered to be the most prestigious architecture award in the United Kingdom. It is publicised as the architectural equivalent of the Booker Prize (literature) and Turner Prize (visual arts). The Stirling Prize replaced the RIBA Building of the Year Award. | wiki-intro | 0 | 11.97867 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Rodrigues flying fox'
The Rodrigues flying fox or Rodrigues fruit | The Rodrigues flying fox or Rodrigues fruit bat is a species of megabat in the family Pteropodidae. It is endemic to the island of Rodrigues in the Indian Ocean, where it is endangered.
The Rodrigues flying fox was first described by British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace in 1855. It is named after the island of Rodrigues, where it was first discovered. The Rodrigues flying fox is a small bat that measures between 1 and 1.5 feet (30 and 45 cm) in length, and has a wingspan of up to 3 feet (90 cm). It has a reddish brown coat, with a whitish underside. It feeds on fruit, and is considered to be a keystone species of the Rodrigues rainforest. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.666996 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Eucalyptus rugulata'
Eucalyptus rugulata is a species of mallet | Eucalyptus rugulata is a species of malletwood found in coastal areas of New South Wales and Queensland in Australia. It is a medium-sized tree growing to 24 metres tall with a trunk up to 2 metres in diameter. The bark is rough and scaly, the branches are slender and the leaves are alternate, simple, lance-shaped and 10 to 20 cm long. The flowers are white and fragrant, produced in panicles up to 30 cm long. The fruit is a globular pod 10 cm long, containing two or three seeds.
Eucalyptus rugulata is found on coastal areas of New South Wales and Queensland in Australia. It grows to 24 metres tall with a trunk up to 2 metres in diameter. The bark is rough and scaly, the branches are slender and the leaves are alternate, simple, lance-shaped and 10 to 20 cm long. The flowers are white and fragrant, produced in panicles up to 30 cm long. The fruit is a globular pod 10 cm long, containing two or three seeds. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.638534 | [
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TB meningitis, taking medicines post surgery, recent scan features suggestive of gliosis. What could this be? hello sir... i am a tb menigitis patient... i had surgery on last year and i am using akt4, oflox, claribid(clarithromycin500mg), benadon40mg from last 1year. recently i had and ct scan of brain. the report says status post carnitomy in left fronto temporo pariental region. I11 defined csf density in left temporal region-suggestive of gliosis. can i know whats this... is it curing.. | It sounds like you have been treated for tuberculosis (TB) meningitis and have undergone surgery in the left fronto temporo parietal region of your brain. The recent CT scan of your brain showed evidence of gliosis in the left temporal region.
Gliosis is a term that refers to the proliferation of glial cells in response to injury or disease. Glial cells are a type of cell in the brain and spinal cord that support and protect neurons, the cells that transmit information in the nervous system. When glial cells proliferate, it can indicate that there has been damage or inflammation in the brain.
It is not clear from the information you provided whether the gliosis is a result of the TB meningitis or the surgery, or both. It is also not clear whether the gliosis is currently active or whether it is a scarring or fibrotic process that has occurred as a result of past inflammation. It is important to discuss the findings of the CT scan with your doctor, as they will be able to provide more specific information about the cause and significance of the gliosis based on your medical history and other factors.
As for the medications you are taking, it is not possible to determine their effectiveness or whether they are appropriate for your condition without more information about your medical history and the specifics of your treatment plan. It is important to follow your doctor's instructions and take your medications as prescribed. If you have any concerns or questions about your treatment, it is important to discuss them with your doctor. | hc3-medicine | 1 | 7.295012 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Orica House'
Orica House (formerly ICI House) is a | Orica House (formerly ICI House) is a 19-storey office building in Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Begun in 1955 to house the headquarters of the Australian subsidiary of Imperial Chemical Industries (since spun off as an independent public company and renamed Orica), it was the tallest building in Australia upon completion in 1958. It broke Melbourne's longstanding 132 ft height limit and was the first International Style skyscraper in the country. It symbolised progress, modernity, efficiency and corporate power in postwar Melbourne, and heralded the construction of the high-rise office buildings, changing the shape of Australia's major urban centres forever. The building's design, by Osborn McCutcheon (of Bates Smart McCutcheon) was closely modelled on the best of corporate design being pioneered in the United States with all-glass high-rise such as the United Nations headquarters. Detail and documentation of the building's design was managed by Douglas Gardiner who was a partner of BSM. | wiki-intro | 0 | 33.16972 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Patented track crane'
A patented track crane is a crane | A patented track crane is a crane with a bottom flange of hardened steel and a raised tread to improve rolling. History
In 1867, William Louden was issued a patent for a hay carrier. Rerolled from old car rails, this system handled loads of approximately and was suspended by hairpin-shaped hanger rods nailed to the exposed barn rafters. There were a few industrial applications of this product during World War I, but Louden Machinery did not pursue the industrial applications after the war. Earl T. Bennington, an electric motor salesman, had installed some of the Louden systems during World War I. Realizing the sales potential of motor propelled systems, he convinced Cleveland Electric Tramrail to enter the industry. Two years later, a line of underhung cranes and monorails were developed and marketed by Cleveland Electric Tramrail. The company's rapid success in the industry caused Louden to re-enter the market they had created and previously abandoned. | wiki-intro | 0 | 46.083366 | [
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Why do they make g-strings/thongs with a broad back strap? Thin straps I understand, but broad ones, like the inch thick or broader, just seem like they would be so uncomfortable. What's the deal? Please explain like I' m five. | Do you mean thong versus a G-string? Well let me tell you, the thongs with a thicker strap are MUCH more comfortable. G-strings are good for very tight clothing like certain yoga pants or something very form fitting and you want to hide the panty line much more. It's also super sexy (or slutty) when there are just little straps peeking through clothing. HOWEVER, imagine constantly having a wedgie with a tiny, usually synthetic (and rough) material riding up and rubbing every crevice (its not as fun as it sounds). I know some women that get very bad hemorrhoids every time they wear a G-string. There is just no buffer room, just constant string-on-Asshole contact. Broad straps gently hover over the Asshole and cause less issues and chaffing. Hope this helps a bit! Try em on then give yourself your opinion on why they make them. we won't say how i know this.. imagine a thin piece of solid string just rubbing against your arm constantly.. vs a softer piece of ribbon with a little give rubbing against your arm. which do you think is going to be more comfortable? | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 44.524082 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Soumaya Akaaboune'
Soumaya Akaaboune (born 16 February 1974) is | Soumaya Akaaboune (born 16 February 1974) is a Moroccan actress, singer and model.
Soumaya Akaaboune was born in Rabat, Morocco on 16 February 1974. She started her career as a model and started her acting career in 2002 with the leading role in the Moroccan film "Fouka". She has since appeared in films such as "Leila" (2004), "Leila, La Princesse de la Rose" (2006), and "L'Amant" (2008). In 2011, she starred in the French-Moroccan film "Belle et Sébastien", for which she was nominated for the César Award for Best Actress. She also won the Best Actress award at the Marrakech International Film Festival for her performance in "Belle et Sébastien". | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.106079 | [
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Please explain what is "Inverse problems" | Inverse problems are problems in which the goal is to determine some property or properties of an object or system from observations or measurements of another related property or properties. Inverse problems often arise in science and engineering, where they are used to infer information about the internal structure, composition, or behavior of an object or system from external observations or measurements.
For example, in geophysics, inverse problems are used to infer the composition and structure of the Earth's interior from measurements of its gravitational and magnetic fields. In medical imaging, inverse problems are used to reconstruct images of internal organs or tissues from measurements taken by imaging modalities such as CT scans or MRI. In electrical engineering, inverse problems are used to determine the electrical properties of materials or devices from measurements of their electrical response.
Solving inverse problems typically requires the use of mathematical and statistical techniques to analyze the data and make inferences about the underlying object or system. These techniques may include optimization algorithms, machine learning algorithms, and statistical models, among others. | hc3-wiki_csai | 1 | 7.599981 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Transmission medium'
A transmission medium is a system or | A transmission medium is a system or substance that can mediate the propagation of signals for the purposes of telecommunication. Signals are typically imposed on a wave of some kind suitable for the chosen medium. For example, data can modulate sound, and a transmission medium for sounds may be air, but solids and liquids may also act as the transmission medium. Vacuum or air constitutes a good transmission medium for electromagnetic waves such as light and radio waves. While material substance is not required for electromagnetic waves to propagate, such waves are usually affected by the transmission media they pass through, for instance, by absorption or reflection or refraction at the interfaces between media. Technical devices can therefore be employed to transmit or guide waves. Thus, an optical fiber or a copper cable is used as transmission media. Electromagnetic radiation can be transmitted through an optical medium, such as optical fiber, or through twisted pair wires, coaxial cable, or dielectric-slab waveguides. It may also pass through any physical material that is transparent to the specific wavelength, such as water, air, glass, or concrete. Sound is, by definition, the vibration of matter, so it requires a physical medium for transmission, as do other kinds of mechanical waves and heat energy. Historically, science incorporated various aether theories to explain the transmission medium. However, it is now known that electromagnetic waves do not require a physical transmission medium, and so can travel through the "vacuum" of free space. Regions of the insulative vacuum can become conductive for electrical conduction through the presence of free electrons, holes, or ions. | wiki-intro | 0 | 17.9203 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Jahar Dasgupta'
Jahar Dasgupta, (born 1942) is a contemporary | Jahar Dasgupta, (born 1942) is a contemporary Bangladeshi philosopher, writer, and public intellectual. He has written extensively on philosophy, aesthetics, literature, and social issues, and has been a vocal critic of the Bangladeshi government's human rights record.
Dasgupta was born in 1942 in Barisal, a port town in southern Bangladesh. After completing his undergraduate studies at the University of Dhaka, he completed his doctorate at the University of Oxford in 1966. He has since taught at the universities of Dhaka, Pennsylvania, and Edinburgh.
Dasgupta is best known for his philosophical work, which has focused on issues such as aesthetics, literature, and social justice. He has also written extensively on philosophical issues in South Asia and the Muslim world. In 2007, he was awarded the prestigious Sahitya Akademi Award for his novel The Search. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.512236 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Du Xiao'
Du Xiao (杜曉) (died March 27, 913), | Du Xiao (杜曉) (died March 27, 913), courtesy name Guangxu (光祥), formally Emperor Taizu of Later Tang (Later Jin, 907-913), was the ninth emperor of the Chinese dynasty Later Tang, succeeding his father Emperor Gaozong. He was known for his weak governance and his military campaigns against the rebel Khitan tribesmen.
Du Xiao was born in 889, during the reign of Emperor Xizong of Tang. His father Du Jiao (杜皎) was a general of the army who later served as a chancellor. Du Xiao had two older brothers, Du Xuanjian (杜玄偕) and Du Chengjian (杜承偕). In 902, after Emperor Xizong's death, Du Xuanjian became the crown prince and Du Chengjian became the Prince of Zhao. In 907, when Emperor Gaozong succeeded their father, Du Xiao became crown prince and heir apparent, but he did not have an obvious chance to succeed their father due to Emperor Gaozong's strong support for Du Xuanjian.
In 908, Emperor Gaozong gave a command to Du Xiao to lead an army to attack the Khitan tribesmen who were waging a rebellion against him. The Khitan tribesmen were led by the Chanyu (ancestor of Genghis Khan), and their rebellion was popular among the people due to their successful military | wiki-intro | 1 | 13.44018 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Quantum refereed game'
Quantum refereed game in quantum information processing | Quantum refereed game in quantum information processing is a game theoretic model in which two players, called quantum players, compete to find the best strategy to exploit a shared quantum state. The game is played on a graph and the players can choose between two possible strategies: exploiting the state for maximum gain or holding the state for maximum security. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.085358 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Cruel Hand'
Cruel Hand is an American hardcore punk | Cruel Hand is an American hardcore punk band formed in 1984 in Sacramento, California. The band's original lineup consisted of vocalist and guitarist Mike Scaccia, bassist and vocalist Rex Brown, and drummer Louie Clemente.
Cruel Hand's early albums were marked by their fast, aggressive style of hardcore punk. Their 1985 debut album, "Violence at Home", showcased their chaotic sound with its fast tempos, powerful vocals, and energetic guitar work. The album was well received by critics and helped the band to gain a following in the underground hardcore scene.
In 1986, the band released their second album, "Face the Truth". The album was more melodic than their debut and featured a heavier sound. It reached number 82 on the Billboard 200 chart and helped to establish Cruel Hand as a popular hardcore band.
In 1987, the band released their third album, "Live in Japan". The album marked a change in direction for the band as it featured a more experimental sound that was heavier than their previous work. It did not achieve as much commercial success as their previous albums, but it has since been praised by critics for its innovative sound.
In 1988, the band released their fourth album, "The Image Has Been Deleted". The album was more experimental than previous releases and saw the band experiment with funk and electronica infused sounds. It was not as well received by critics as their previous albums and failed to reach the same commercial success.
In 1991, the band released | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.536336 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Jack Titus'
Jack "Skinny" Titus (9 March 1908 – | Jack "Skinny" Titus (9 March 1908 – 19 April 1978) was an Australian rules football player who played in the Victorian Football League (VFL) between 1926 and 1943 for the Richmond Football Club. In the golden era of the 1930s, Titus was one of the great forwards who regularly thrilled the crowds with spectacular goalkicking feats. A lightly built player who seemed at first glance to be too frail for the robust game of Australian football, Titus proved to be one of the great survivors of the game as he set the record for durability (most consecutive games played) that remained unbeaten for nearly a century. Titus continued to serve Richmond for decades after his retirement, a fact acknowledged by the Australian Football League (AFL), which annually presents the "Jack Titus Service Award" for outstanding service to the game. Playing career
Titus was originally recruited to Richmond from Victorian country club Castlemaine competing in the Bendigo Football League. He was noticed by the Tigers' brilliant secretary Percy Page and in 1925 at age 17 invited to play with the Richmond reserves, then known as 'The Cubs'. However, Titus' build caused concern. At just 175 cm and a bit more than 60 kg, Titus would not be considered a potential talent in the modern AFL, let alone play a key forward position as he did then. The Tigers persevered with Titus because of his excellent ball-winning ability and innate goal sense, and hoped that he would gain size as he got older. | wiki-intro | 0 | 24.382317 | [
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Transferring money between two banks | To transfer money between two banks, you will need to use a bank-to-bank transfer service. This can usually be done through your online banking account or by visiting a branch of your bank. Here's how to do it:Log into your online banking account or visit a branch of your bank.Select the option to make a bank-to-bank transfer or external transfer.Enter the recipient's name and bank account information, including the bank name, account number, and routing number.Enter the amount of money you want to transfer and choose the account you want to transfer the money from.Review the details of the transfer and confirm the transaction.Keep in mind that bank-to-bank transfers can take several business days to complete and may have fees associated with them. It's a good idea to check with your bank for details on their specific transfer policies and fees. | hc3-finance | 1 | 5.743101 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Robert Anderson Jardine'
The Reverend Robert Anderson Jardine (1878–1950), who | The Reverend Robert Anderson Jardine (1878–1950), who served as the first Moderator of the Church of Scotland (1927–1950) and as Principal of the University of Edinburgh (1925–1950), was one of the most distinguished churchmen of his era.
Jardine was born in Glasgow, Scotland, on 15 October 1878, the son of James Anderson Jardine and his wife, Eliza Stewart. He was educated at the Royal High School, Glasgow and at the University of Glasgow, where he graduated with an MA in 1903. After a period of study at Balliol College, Oxford, he was ordained deacon in 1906 and priest in 1907. From 1909 to 1925 he served as Professor of Church History at the University of Edinburgh.
In 1927 Jardine was elected Moderator of the Church of Scotland and held that position until his retirement in 1950. During his tenure as Moderator, he played a leading role in restoring unity to the Church after years of bitter controversy. As Principal of the University of Edinburgh from 1925 to 1950, Jardine was responsible for its expansion and development into one of Britain's leading universities. He died on 4 May 1950 in Edinburgh. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.908624 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Prabakaran Parameswaran'
Prabakaran a/l Parameswaran (born 8 February 1996) | Prabakaran a/l Parameswaran (born 8 February 1996) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for I-League club Kingfisher East Bengal.
Prabakaran Parameswaran was born on 8 February 1996 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. He started his career with Chennaiyin FC and made his professional debut for the club in the I-League on 16 February 2016 against Mohun Bagan.
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Pleurodema cordobae'
Pleurodema cordobae is a species of frog | Pleurodema cordobae is a species of frog in the family Leptodactylidae.
Pleurodema cordobae is a species of frog in the family Leptodactylidae. It is endemic to southern Spain, where it is known from the provinces of Alicante, Castile-La Mancha, and Valencia. It inhabits moist montane forests at elevations of above sea level. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern". | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.187493 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Hessel School'
The Hessel School is a former school | The Hessel School is a former school in the Netherlands. It was located in the town of Hessel, about 20 kilometers northeast of Rotterdam.
The school was founded in 1875 by a group of Protestant parents who wanted to provide a better education for their children. The school initially served only the children of the local Protestant community, but it soon began to admit children from other religious backgrounds as well. Over the years, the school has grown into a large and well-known institution, and it now provides education to students from all over the Netherlands.
The Hessel School is especially well known for its strong emphasis on mathematics and science. It has a long history of producing successful mathematicians and scientists, and many of the country's leading mathematicians and scientists have been educated at the school. In recent years, the school has also begun to focus more on humanities and social sciences, and it is now considered one of the country's leading universities in these areas as well.
The Hessel School is a well-respected institution, and it has a long history of producing successful mathematicians and scientists. If you are interested in studying mathematics or science at one of Europe's leading universities, be sure to check out the Hessel School! | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.945801 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'PowerBook 5300'
The PowerBook 5300 is the first generation | The PowerBook 5300 is the first generation of the PowerBook family of Apple laptops. It was introduced in March 2002, as a replacement for the PowerBook G3. The PowerBook 5300 is powered by a PowerPC G3 processor and has a 12in (30.48cm) widescreen display. | wiki-intro | 1 | 3.185529 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Wentworth Memorial Church'
Wentworth Memorial Church is a heritage-listed former | Wentworth Memorial Church is a heritage-listed former parish church at Wentworth Street, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by Edmund Blacket and built from 1872 to 1876. It is also known as Wentworth Street Church. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.
Wentworth Memorial Church is a fine Gothic Revival parish church in the central business district of Sydney, designed by Edmund Blacket and built from 1872 to 1876. The church is a prominent landmark on Wentworth Street, one of the city's principal shopping streets. It is also known as Wentworth Street Church.
The first land for the church was acquired in 1867, and construction began in 1872. The foundation stone was laid on 25 October 1872, and the church was consecrated on 14 May 1876. Blacket died before the church was completed, but his son, John Sulman, completed the work.
The church is built of sandstone from the local area, with a slate roof and stained glass windows by Louis Comfort Tiffany and other artists. The interior features elaborate carved woodwork, including a pulpit designed by Blacket and executed by his son John Sulman. The organ was originally built by Norman & Beard Ltd., London and rebuilt in 1976 by J W Walker & Sons Ltd., Liverpool.
The church has been used for a wide range of services throughout its history, including Protestant, Catholic, Uniting and Anglican services. The building | wiki-intro | 1 | 12.030222 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Charles Cavendish'
Charles Cavendish may refer to:
Sir Charles Cavendish | Charles Cavendish may refer to:
Sir Charles Cavendish, 1st Baronet (1623-1695), British statesman
Charles Cavendish, 3rd Duke of Devonshire (1708-1765), British landowner and politician
Charles Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire (1734-1811), British landowner and politician
Charles Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire (1757-1834), British landowner and politician
Charles Cavendish was an English scientist who is best known for his discovery of the Cavendish Effect. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.522007 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Topkhana Forest'
The Topkhana Forest is a forest | The Topkhana Forest is a forest located in the Topkhana Wildlife Sanctuary in the Jaipur district of Rajasthan, India.
The Topkhana Forest is a large area of mixed deciduous and evergreen forest that is home to a variety of mammals, birds and reptiles. The forest is rich in wildlife, including leopards, elephants, hyenas and jackals. The Topkhana Wildlife Sanctuary is also home to a number of rare and endangered species, including the nilgai, Indian leopard, swamp deer and wild boar. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.84226 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Tush kyiz'
Tush kyiz ( , туш — side, | Tush kyiz ( , туш — side, the edge, кийиз — felt; ) are large, elaborately embroidered wall hangings, traditionally made in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan by women to commemorate the marriage of a son or daughter. Colors and designs are chosen to symbolize Kyrgyz traditions and rural life. Flowers, plants, animals, stylized horns, national designs and emblems of Kyrgyz life are often found in these ornate and colorful embroideries. Designs are sometimes dated and signed by the artist upon completion of the work, which may take years to finish. The tush kyiz is hung in the yurt over the marriage bed of the couple, and symbolize their pride in their Kyrgyz tradition. The tush kyiz embroideries have been a family tradition among Kyrgyz people for centuries, but among the last two generations, the tradition has been confined to rural women. Shyrdaks (felt rugs) are still being made because these have always been an item for sale to the general public. Tush kyiz, on the other hand, have always been created as a deeply personal family heirloom, symbolizing a newly married couple's union with family, regional, and national tradition. | wiki-intro | 0 | 30.284512 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Piranha (software)'
Piranha is a text mining system developed | Piranha is a text mining system developed for the United States Department of Energy (DOE) by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The software processes large volumes of unrelated free-text documents and shows relationships amongst them, a technique valuable across numerous scientific and data domains, from health care fraud to national security. The results are presented in clusters of prioritized relevance to business and government analysts. Piranha uses the term frequency/inverse corpus frequency term weighting method which provides strong parallel processing of textual information, thus the ability to analyze very large document sets.
Piranha has six main strengths:
Collecting and Extracting: Millions of documents from numerous sources such as databases and social media can be collected and text extracted from hundreds of file formats; This info. can then be translated to any number of languages.
Storing and indexing: Documents in search servers, relational databases, etc. can be stored and indexed at will.
Recommending: Recommending the most valuable information for particular users.
Categorizing: Grouping items via supervised and semi-supervised machine learning methods and targeted search lists.
Clustering: Similarity is used to create a hierarchical group of documents.
Visualizing: Showing relationships among documents so that users can quickly recognize connections. This work has resulted in eight issued ( 9,256,649, 8,825,710, 8,473,314, 7,937,389, 7,805,446, 7,693,9037, 7,315,858, 7,072,883), and several commercial licenses (including TextOre and Pro2Serve), a spin-off company with the inventors, Covenant Health, and Pro2Serve called VortexT Analytics, two R&D 100 Awards, and scores of peer reviewed research publications. | wiki-intro | 0 | 36.64032 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Pier Luigi Stefani'
Pier Luigi Stefani is a producer of | Pier Luigi Stefani is a producer of programs for the first Italian Private TV is taken care of international relations for co-productions and realizes the first independent TV News in Italy. Both Director and founder of Videomusic. With a French Company (NBDC) realizes videoclips and a weekly program, released to the most important European TV (TF1, BBC, ZDF, TVE etc.): RAPIDO, directed by Jean Baptiste Mondino and with the profitable consultancy of Jean Paul Gautier and Azzedine Alaya. Founder of "Telematix", Company that it is taken care of multimedia communication. The services of Telematix open the doors to the large public at Videotel,owned by Telecom Italia (Italian Telephone Company). In 1989 it participates in the acquisition of the satellite TV Super Channel, of whom becomes Executive Deputy-President. In Joint-ventures with the Russian Agency of information "Novosti" produces the first weekly magazine that tells the Soviet Union from its inside :" Russian Eleven". "Gosteleradio", the Russian TV of State, entrusts him the direction of the Third National Channel, the first one offered to private management, named 2x2 (Tv channel) | wiki-intro | 0 | 98.541801 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Anna Maria Hjärne'
Anna Maria Hjärne née Ehrensvärd (1718-1798) was | Anna Maria Hjärne née Ehrensvärd (1718-1798) was a Swedish writer and translator.
Anna Maria Hjärne was born in 1718 in Stockholm, Sweden to a noble family. After studying at home for a time, she began her education at the Royal Swedish Academy of Letters in 1736. She became a noted writer and translator, publishing works in Swedish, French, and Latin. She died in 98
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Yeosan Song clan'
Yeosan Song clan is one of | Yeosan Song clan is one of the famous Korean clans. The clan was founded in the late 14th century. The clan's founder was Yeosan, who was a military general during the Goryeo Dynasty. The Yeosan Song clan is one of the largest and most influential Korean clans. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.505915 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Floorfillers'
Floorfillers is a dance album compilation brand | Floorfillers is a dance album compilation brand by All Around the World Records (in association with UMTV) that has evolved from a range of separate compilations that AATW used to compile for a number of Northern radio stations in Emap's Big City Hits network. Even though these albums would feature many of the same tracks (by acts such as Porn Kings and N-Trance), each one would be tailored for the local market and would be branded under the station name (such as Radio City 96.7, Key 103 or Red Rose Rock FM) and in association with the region's premiere discotheque. The first album, Floorfillers – 40 Massive Hits from the Clubs, was released in March 2004. It went to number one on the official UK Albums Chart. The second, Floorfillers 2 followed in late September 2004 and peaked at number three. Two more, Floorfillers 3 and Floorfillers 4, were released the following year. Floorfillers – Club Classics was released in 2006, Floorfillers Anthems in 2007, Floorfillers 08 in October 2008, and Floorfillers 2010 was released on November 30, 2009. | wiki-intro | 0 | 22.534506 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Burkina Electric'
Burkina Electric is an electronic music group | Burkina Electric is an electronic music group from Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The group was formed in 2002 by Sidiki Kaboré, who is the group's only constant member.
Burkina Electric is known for its fusion of traditional Burkinabé music with electronic elements, and for its socially conscious lyrics. The group has released six studio albums, as well as several singles and EPs. Burkina Electric has performed at a number of international festivals, including the Voodoo Music Experience in Haiti, the Roskilde Festival in Denmark, and the Montreux Jazz Festival in Switzerland. In 2017, Burkina Electric received the prestigious Grammy Award for Best Contemporary World Music Album for its album "Mali kouyaté". | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.295114 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Aleksey Kirichenko'
Alexei Illarionovoich Kirichenko (; 12(25) February 1908 | Alexei Illarionovoich Kirichenko (; 12(25) February 1908 – 16 October 1984) was a Soviet general who served as Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Soviet Armed Forces from 1976 to 1978.
Kirichenko was born in 1908 in the town of Lipetsk in Russia. He enlisted in the Red Army in 1922 and fought against the Whites during the Russian Civil War. He graduated from the Frunze Military Academy in 1931 and became a military engineer. He fought in World War II, serving as a commander of a tank regiment. After the war, he served as Chief of Staff of a military district and Deputy Chief of the General Staff. He was appointed Deputy Chief of the General Staff in 1976 and retired in 1978. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.389412 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'EPA Methods'
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) | The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed methods to estimate the environmental effects of potential public health and environmental effects from chemical substances pursuant to the Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976 (TSCA). The TSCA requires EPA to develop exposure and risk assessment methods to determine whether a substance may cause cancer or reproductive harm. The exposure assessment methods use epidemiology and toxicokinetics (TK) data to estimate human exposures. The risk assessment methods use mathematical models to predict human health risks from exposures to a substance.
The EPA's TSCA exposure assessment program uses epidemiology and TK data to estimate human exposures to potential carcinogens and reproductive toxicants. The EPA's risk assessments use mathematical models to predict human health risks from exposures to potential carcinogens and reproductive toxicants.
The EPA's exposure assessment program uses epidemiology and TK data to estimate human exposures to potential carcinogens and reproductive toxicants. The EPA's risk assessments use mathematical models to predict human health risks from exposures to potential carcinogens and reproductive toxicants. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.040624 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Gaius Blossius'
Gaius Blossius (; 2nd century BC) | Gaius Blossius (; 2nd century BC) was, according to Plutarch, a philosopher and student of the Stoic philosopher Antipater of Tarsus, from the city of Cumae in Campania, Italy, who (along with the Greek rhetorician, Diophanes) instigated Roman tribune Tiberius Gracchus to pursue a land reform movement on behalf of the plebs. Tiberius was accused by his political opponents of attempting to provoke a popular uprising, and have himself crowned King. Eventually, he was assassinated, and his body thrown into the river Tiber. After the death of Tiberius Gracchus, Blossius was interrogated by the consuls on the matter. Blossius freely admitted that he had done anything Tiberius had asked. The consuls asked "What? What would you do if Tiberius ordered you to burn the Capitol?" He answered that Tiberius would never have given such an order. Being pressed on the point, though, Blossius eventually stated that Tiberius would only have ordered such a thing, if it were in the true interests of the Roman people. After that, he was released. Blossius went to the province of Asia, where he took part in Aristonicus' popular uprising against Rome, aiding in the organization of the Heliopolis state. When the uprising was ultimately defeated, he killed himself. | wiki-intro | 0 | 15.874098 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Presidential Airways (scheduled)'
Presidential Airways was an airline with | Presidential Airways was an airline with its head office in Charlotte, North Carolina. The airline was founded in 1978 and operated scheduled passenger service to eight destinations in the southeastern United States. Presidential Airways ceased operations on November 1, 2009.
Presidential Airways was founded in 1978 by Brent and Connie Whiteley. The airline initially operated charter service to eight destinations in the southeastern United States. Presidential Airways ceased operations on November 1, 2009. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.081627 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Algerian Football Federation'
The Algerian Football Federation (AFF); (; , | The Algerian Football Federation (AFF); (; , French: Fédération Algérienne de Football) is the governing body of football in Algeria. It organizes the national football competition, the Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1.
The AFF was founded on 9 December 1948 in Algiers as the French-speaking section of the French Football Federation (FFF). The federation was initially composed of clubs from Algeria and French Morocco, with participation from Tunisia and Libya in its early years. In 1954, the federation became an independent organization and changed its name to Algerian Football Federation.
In 1992, Algeria became a full member of FIFA, and the AFF became affiliated with UEFA. The AFF has also hosted two African Cup of Nations tournaments, in 1982 and 2000.
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Demonstone is a 1990 Australian action thriller | Demonstone is a 1990 Australian action thriller film directed by Andrew Prowse. The film stars R. Lee Ermey, Jan-Michael Vincent and Nancy Everhard. The film tells the story of two US Marines in Manila investigating a series of crimes. Cast
R. Lee Ermey as Col. Joe Haines
Jan-Michael Vincent as Andy Buck
Nancy Everhard as Sharon Gale
Peter Brown as Admiral
Pat Skipper as Tony McKee
Joonee Gamboa as Sen. Belfardo / Chief Pirate
Joe Mari Avellana as Han Chin
Rolando Tinio as Prof. Olmeda
Marilyn Bautista as Julie
Frederick Bailey as Navy Doctor
Pen Medina as General
Cris Vertido as Sung Tzu
Noel Colet as Esteban Belfardo
Rina Reyes as Madeleine
Rey Malte-Cruz as Roberto
Louie Katana as Wu
Monsour del Rosario as Pablo
Symon Soler as R.J. Belfardo
Ryan Abastillas as Street Kid
Jonic Magno as Teenage Shop Worker
Charles Nnebe as MP #1
David Anderson as Gunnery Sergeant
Eric Hahn as Pilot | wiki-intro | 0 | 112.737747 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Smriti Nagpal'
Smriti Nagpal is an Indian television presenter, | Smriti Nagpal is an Indian television presenter, actress and journalist who is known for her work on the Indian news channel NDTV. She has also worked as a correspondent for the channel.
Nagpal was born in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India on 9 December 1973. She completed her secondary education from Mount Carmel Convent, Mumbai and earned a bachelor's degree in sociology from University of Delhi.
Nagpal began her career as a journalist with NDTV in 2001. She has worked as a correspondent for the channel, covering topics such as politics, crime, and social issues. Nagpal has also appeared in series such as "India's Biggest Private Hospital" and "NDTV Imagine". In 2010, she co-founded the online news channel The Quint with bureau chief Raghav Bahl. Nagpal left The Quint in 2013.
Nagpal made her acting debut in the 2006 film "The Namesake". She has since appeared in several films and television shows, including "Crazy Stupid Love", "Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge", "Fitoor", and "Tum Hi Ho". In 2018, she starred in the comedy-drama film "Dishoom". Nagpal is married to Prashant Narayanan and they have two children. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.620056 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Aphareus rutilans'
Aphareus rutilans, the rusty jobfish, ironjaw snapper, | Aphareus rutilans, the rusty jobfish, ironjaw snapper, red smalltooth job, silvermouth or small tooth jobfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a snapper belonging to the family Lutjanidae. It is found in the Indo-Pacific region. Description
Aphareus rutilans has an elongated, compressed and fusiform body. It has a lower jaw which projects beyond the upper and the mouth extends to the centreline of the eye. It has a flat area between the eyes. The jaws are quilted with thin bands of small teeth and there are no teeth on the roof of the mouth. The dorsal fin has 10 spines and 10, occasionally 11, soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 8 soft rays. These fins lack scales. The rearmost ray in both the dorsal and anal fins are elongated. The caudal fin is deeply forked or lunate in shape. The overall colour is bluish-grey to mauve or reddish with the dorsal, pectoral and caudal fins being yellowish to reddish. The lips of the upper jaw are dark. This species attains a maximum total length of , although is more typical, and a maximum weight of . | wiki-intro | 0 | 24.806479 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'AJ Lee'
April Jeanette Mendez (born March 19, 1987) | April Jeanette Mendez (born March 19, 1987) is an American professional wrestler, better known by her ring name AJ Lee. She is signed to WWE, where she performs on the Raw brand.
Lee began her wrestling career in 2007, working for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) under the ring name Amazing Red. She won the TNA Women's Knockout Championship in 2009, and held the title until it was vacated in 2013. Lee also won the TNA Knockouts Tag Team Championship with Velvet Sky in 2012 and the TNA X Division Championship in 2013. She signed with WWE in 2014, and made her debut on the main roster in May as a wrestler and valet to Bray Wyatt. In July, Wyatt announced that Lee would be his new manager. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.29544 | [
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Apart from the 2nd ammendment stuff, what are the biggest arguments AGAINST gun control. I'm from the UK and this issue completely boggles my mind. Please explain like I' m five. | One argument against gun control is that it violates the right to bear arms, which is protected by the Second Amendment of the United States Constitution. Some people believe that the right to bear arms is an important aspect of their personal freedom, and that gun control laws infringe upon that freedom. Another argument against gun control is that it is not effective at reducing gun violence. Some people believe that gun control laws only disarm law-abiding citizens, while criminals will still be able to obtain guns illegally. As a result, they argue that gun control does not actually make people safer. A third argument against gun control is that it can be difficult to enforce. There are already many guns in circulation, and it can be challenging for the government to track and regulate them all. Additionally, some people may be unwilling to comply with gun control laws, making it difficult to effectively enforce them. Finally, some people argue that there are more effective ways to reduce gun violence, such as addressing the root causes of violence (such as poverty, mental illness, and social inequality), rather than focusing on restricting access to guns. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 5.406185 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Leonard Dacre'
Leonard Dacre (by 1533 – 12 August | Leonard Dacre (by 1533 – 12 August 1568) was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1558 and 1568. He played a significant role in the English Reformation, serving as the King's Attorney General from 1555 to 1558 and then as Lord Chancellor from 1559 to 1568.
Dacre was born in Leicestershire, the son of John Dacre, 2nd Baron Dacre of Gilsland and his first wife, Anne Ferrers. He was educated at Magdalen College, Oxford, where he was a fellow from 1541 to 1545, and then at the Inns of Court. He became a barrister and began practising law in London. He became MP for Rutland in 1558 and for Derbyshire in 1559. He served as Lord Chancellor from 1559 to 1568, during which time he was responsible for implementing the Crown's Protestant policies. Dacre died in London at the age of 44.
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Second Kok cabinet'
The second Kok cabinet, also called the | The second Kok cabinet, also called the "Korea cabinet", was the government of South Korea from June 3, 1994 to May 9, 1997. It was led by Kim Young-sam.
The second Kok cabinet was a coalition government consisting of the Democratic Party (DP), the New Democratic Party (NDP), and the Labor Party (LP). The DP held a majority of seats in the National Assembly.
Kim Young-sam, who had served as Prime Minister from November 15, 1993 to May 9, 1997, resigned following a corruption scandal that implicated his close associates. He was succeeded by Kim Dae-jung, who had served as Deputy Prime Minister in the previous cabinet. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.989662 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'A4260 road'
The A4260 is a road that leads | The A4260 is a road that leads from the A422 Henneff Way, Banbury to Frieze Way near Oxford. It is single carriageway for a majority of the route, except for a section near Steeple Aston for and on Frieze Way where the A4260 meets the A34 at Peartree Interchange, Oxford, where it becomes a dual carriageway. The road passes through Bodicote, Adderbury, Deddington and Kidlington, Oxfordshire. The road terminates at the A44 road roundabout at Frieze Way which is just north of Oxford. The route followed by the road is that of a prehistoric ridgeway between the valleys of the rivers Cherwell and Evenlode. The Romans adopted the route and paved it from north of Oxford as far as Akeman Street at Sturdy's Castle. The route remained in use through the medieval period, being described by John Ogilby in 1675 as the primary way between Oxford and Banbury. In the 18th century the route was turnpiked. | wiki-intro | 0 | 34.116467 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'The Sheriff's Son'
The Sheriff's Son is a 1919 American | The Sheriff's Son is a 1919 American silent Western film directed by Victor Schertzinger and written by J.G. Hawks and William MacLeod Raine. The film stars Charles Ray, Seena Owen, J. P. Lockney, Charles K. French, Otto Hoffman, and Lamar Johnstone. The film was released on March 30, 1919, by Paramount Pictures. It is not known whether the film currently survives, and it may be a lost film. Plot
As described in a film magazine, Royal Beaudry (Ray) returns from college to a small western town and opens up a law office. His father, a famous sheriff, had been murdered twenty previously by the Rutherford gang, who still own a range and terrify the county. Following a robbery and the recovery of the money by Dave Dingwell (Lockney), Dave is captured and held prisoner on the Rutherford range, tortured by the gang in hope of regaining the money, which he has hidden. Beaudry overcomes his fear and goes to the Rutherford place in attempt to determine Dave's whereabouts. The Rutherford gang learns his identity and Beaudry is wounded in a battle with the gang. Beulah Rutherford (Owen) falls in love with him. Dave is rescued. Later, in town, Beaudry meets the bully of the gang and bests him in a street brawl. Beulah and Beaudry continue their courtship while members of the Rutherford gang decide to reform and become respectable citizens. | wiki-intro | 0 | 33.871498 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Moveable feast'
A moveable feast or movable feast is | A moveable feast or movable feast is a feast or banquet that can be moved from place to place. It is a tradition in many cultures and religions, including Christianity, Judaism, Hinduism, and Islam. A movable feast is also a term for an annual event in which a large number of people from different parts of the world come together for a celebration.
A moveable feast is often associated with Carnival celebrations. In some cases, the moveable feast is simply a way to dispose of surplus food that would otherwise go to waste. In other cases, it is an important part of religious celebrations. A movable feast is also common in traditional weddings. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.407348 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Alissa Bjerkhoel'
Alissa Leanne Bjerkhoel (pronounced byeer-kul) is an | Alissa Leanne Bjerkhoel (pronounced byeer-kul) is an American ice skater who competed in the 2002 Winter Olympics. She finished in eighteenth place with the American team.
Bjerkhoel was born in Anchorage, Alaska on September 2, 1981. She began skating at the age of four and competed in her first national championships at the age of eleven. Bjerkhoel attended the University of Utah, where she studied physical therapy.
Bjerkhoel made her international debut at the 1999 World Junior Championships in Lahti, Finland. She finished seventh in the short program and fourth in the free skate. The following year, Bjerkhoel placed third in the short program and second in the free skate at the 2000 World Junior Championships in Nice, France. She competed for the United States at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah, where she finished eighteenth overall with the American team. | wiki-intro | 1 | 4.500038 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Ušće, Belgrade'
Ušće (; pronounced ) is an urban | Ušće (; pronounced ) is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is located in Belgrade's municipality of Novi Beograd. Ušće is located on the mouth of the Sava river into the Danube, thus the name (ušće is Serbian for confluence). It occupies Novi Beograd's Blocks 10, 13, 14, 15 and 16 on the Sava's left and the Danube's right bank, covering a tip of land that overlooks the islands of Little War Island and Great War Island to the north and the old core of Belgrade, the fortress of Kalemegdan to the west. Ušće borders the neighborhoods of Staro Sajmište and Savograd on the south. As a compact grassy and forested area it stretches along the bank of the Danube into the Block 10, to the Zemun municipality and the Hotel Jugoslavija and the ENJUB shopping mall. Spanning over , Park Ušće is the largest official park area in Belgrade. | wiki-intro | 0 | 28.278683 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'HMS Sandfly (1872)'
HMS Sandfly was a schooner of the | HMS Sandfly was a schooner of the Royal Navy, built by John Cuthbert, Millers Point, New South Wales and launched on 5 December 1872. She commenced service on the Australia Station at Sydney in 1873 for anti-blackbirding operations in the South Pacific. She was paid off in 1883 and sold to Samoa. Voyages
The Sandfly was assigned to Australia Station at Sydney till June 1873. Her maiden voyage was short tour to the South Seas islands. In October, under Lieutenant W H Nowell, she seized the brig Aurora for breaching the Imperial Labour Act, which banned the practice of blackbirding. Her second voyage in 1874 was to New Guinea to assist with surveying, but she caught caught in a storm and had her rudder damaged. After receiving assistance from HMS Basilisk she returned to Sydney. Her next voyage took her to Santa Cruz where on 17 September she came under attack by a large group of islanders in canoes. After a brief but fierce skirmish a breeze came up and she was able to make good her escape. Santa Cruz islanders had attacked and massacred the crew of the Lapwing several months earlier. | wiki-intro | 0 | 28.803255 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Koněprusy Caves'
Koněprusy Caves is a cave system | Koněprusy Caves is a cave system in the heart of the limestone region known as Bohemian Karst, Czech Republic. It is located southwest of Prague, south of Beroun in the Central Bohemian Region. The name derives from nearby village of Koněprusy. With the length of and vertical range of , it is the largest cave system in Bohemia. The caves
A hill called Zlatý kůň (Golden Horse) rises above the village of Koněprusy close to another hill called Kobyla (Mare), and nearby is a place called V koníku (In a Little Horse). A short journey westward leads to Kotýz, a karst plateau. Many legends have been woven about Kotýz and one of them tells about sacred horses used by the Celts for campaigns of war. A prehistoric settlement existed here, which, in Celtic times, some experts believe might well have served as a place of cult worship; druids possibly maintained a cult of the horse here. | wiki-intro | 0 | 41.845089 | [
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How do animals hibernate for so long? How do some animals manage to hibernate for so long without needing to poop or eat. Also, do they wake up in the middle of their hibernation sessions or not? Explain like I' m five. | Hibernation is a way that some animals, like bears and groundhogs, sleep through the winter when there is not much food available. When an animal hibernates, its body slows down and it doesn't need to eat or drink as much. Its heart rate and breathing also slow down, so the animal doesn't use up as much energy. During hibernation, the animal's body temperature also drops. This helps it to conserve energy because it doesn't have to use as much energy to keep warm. Some animals, like bears, do wake up during their hibernation period, but they usually don't move around much. They might stretch or get a drink of water, but then they go back to sleep. Other animals, like groundhogs, might not wake up at all during their hibernation period. So, to answer your question, animals that hibernate are able to sleep for a long time without needing to eat or poop because their bodies are able to conserve energy and they don't need as much food or water. They might wake up during their hibernation period, but they usually don't do much except go back to sleep. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 6.747664 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Mond gas'
Mond gas is a cheap coal gas | Mond gas is a cheap coal gas produced mainly in the United States. Mond gas is composed of about 70% methane and 30% carbon dioxide, and can be used for lighting, cooking, and manufacturing. | wiki-intro | 1 | 14.328938 | [
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Why is our pee naturally yellow? Edit: didn't think my pee questions would get me to the front page, thanks guys! Explain like I' m five. | Urine is naturally yellow because it contains a pigment called urochrome. Urochrome is produced when the liver breaks down a substance called bilirubin, which is produced when red blood cells are broken down and replaced with new ones. The liver helps filter bilirubin out of the blood and sends it to the bile ducts, which carry it to the small intestine. Urochrome is then eliminated from the body in the urine.
When you drink fluids, your body absorbs what it needs and gets rid of the rest through the kidneys and urinary system. The kidneys filter the blood and remove waste products, such as urochrome, which then pass out of the body in the form of urine. So, the yellow color of your urine is a result of this process of eliminating waste products from your body.
It's normal for urine to be a pale yellow color, but the shade can vary depending on how much fluid you have in your body and what you have been eating or drinking. For example, if you are dehydrated and not drinking enough fluids, your urine may be a darker yellow color because there is less liquid to dilute the urochrome. Similarly, if you are drinking a lot of fluids, your urine may be a lighter yellow color. Some foods and medications can also affect the color of your urine. For example, eating beets can make your urine appear pink or red, and taking certain medications can make it appear orange or blue. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 13.305078 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Aundre F. Piggee'
Aundre F. Piggee (born 1959 in Stamps, | Aundre F. Piggee (born 1959 in Stamps, Arkansas) is a contemporary American painter.
Piggee's paintings are often figurative, but they also include landscapes and still lifes. He is known for his vibrant colors and his use of boldly-patterned surfaces.
Piggee was born in 1959 in Stamps, Arkansas. He received his undergraduate degree from the University of Arkansas at Fayetteville in 1983. He then attended the Yale School of Art, where he earned his MFA in 1987.
Piggee has exhibited his work throughout the United States and in Europe, Japan, and Australia. He has been the recipient of numerous awards, including a Guggenheim Fellowship and a Pollock-Krasner Foundation Fellowship. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.544994 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Waite Phillips'
Waite Phillips (January 19, 1883 – January | Waite Phillips (January 19, 1883 – January 9, 1947) was an American author, playwright and journalist. He is best remembered for his mystery novels featuring amateur detective Tom Ripley. Phillips also wrote a number of plays, including The Glass Menagerie (1925), Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1935), and A Streetcar Named Desire (1951).
Phillips was born in Worcester, Massachusetts, the son of Jane (née Waite) and Charles Phillips. He attended Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, where he was a member of the school's first graduating class in 1898. He then attended Amherst College, where he graduated Phi Beta Kappa in 1904. After graduation, he worked as a reporter for the "Boston Journal" and the "New York World". In 1907, Phillips married the writer Katharine White; they had one daughter.
Phillips began writing detective fiction in the 1920s. His mysteries featured amateur detective Tom Ripley and were frequently set in Venice or on the French Riviera. His most famous novel is The Lost Weekend (1945), which was made into a successful film starring William Holden and Judy Holliday. Phillips also wrote plays, including The Glass Menagerie (1925), Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1935), and A Streetcar Named Desire (1951). He died in 1947 at the age of 66. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.196256 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Aslaug Haviland'
Aslaug Haviland (January 19, 1913 – January | Aslaug Haviland (January 19, 1913 – January 30, 1997) was a Norwegian actress.
She was born in Oslo, and made her stage debut in 1933. She appeared in films from 1936, and became well known for her roles in the films of Roald Amundsen, including the roles of Gudrid Nansen in "Gudrid" (1943) and Ellen Osmundsen in "The White Mountain" (1948). In 1955 she won the Nansen Prize for her performance in the play "The Glass Menagerie". Haviland retired from acting in 1978. | wiki-intro | 1 | 10.999721 | [
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Paid by an American company but working from France: where should I pay taxes? | There' s nothing wrong with your reasoning except that you expect the tax laws to make perfect sense. More often than not they don' t. I suggest getting in touch with a professional tax preparer (preferably with a CPA or EA designation), who will be able to understand the issue, including the relevant portions of the French-US tax treaty, and explain it to you. You will probably also need to do some reporting in France, so get a professional advice from a French tax professional as well. So, in my tax return, can I say that I had no US revenue at all during this whole year? I doubt it. | hc3-finance | 0 | 14.829092 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Bill Wensink'
Bill Wensink (born July 15, 1958) is | Bill Wensink (born July 15, 1958) is a Canadian former ice hockey player. A Dutch Canadian, he spent 14 years playing in the Eredivisie and in two IIHF World Championships for the Netherlands national ice hockey team. Wensink played in tier-I junior hockey, recording an assist and 2 penalty minutes in two games with Kingston Canadiens. Wensink joined Nijmegen Tigers in 1978, staying with the club until 1985. In his final year at Nijmegen, he played with his uncle John Wensink. He spent the next two years with Smoke Eaters Geleen and then for 1987-8 again for one last season for Nijmegen. Wensink spent this final four seasons with Rotterdam Panda's. Wensink played seven games in each in the 1987 World Ice Hockey Championships and the 1991 Men's World Ice Hockey Championships. Going scoreless in 1991, he recorded 2 goals and 2 assists in 1987. | wiki-intro | 0 | 20.936441 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Geography of Pakistan'
The Geography of Pakistan is a | The Geography of Pakistan is a profound blend of landscapes varying from plains to deserts, forests, and plateaus ranging from the coastal areas of the Arabian Sea in the south to the mountains of the Karakoram, Hindukush, Himalayas ranges in the north. Pakistan geologically overlaps both with the Indian and the Eurasian tectonic plates where its Sindh and Punjab provinces lie on the north-western corner of the Indian plate while Balochistan and most of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa lie within the Eurasian plate which mainly comprises the Iranian Plateau. Gilgit-Baltistan and Azad Kashmir lie along the edge of the Indian plate and are prone to violent earthquakes where the two tectonic plates collide. Pakistan is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the northwest and Iran to the west while China borders the country in the northeast. The nation is geopolitically situated within some of the most controversial regional boundaries which share disputes and have many-a-times escalated military tensions between the nations, e.g., that of Kashmir with India and the Durand Line with Afghanistan. Its western borders include the Khyber Pass and Bolan Pass that have served as traditional migration routes between Central Eurasia and South Asia. | wiki-intro | 0 | 13.712311 | [
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What causes throbbing chest pain along with shortness of breath? I have a throbbing pounding pain in the middle of my chest between my breasts. I am not short of breath. The pain is constant. I noticed today that after swelling my food when it gets to that area it hurts going down. Also hurts more when I bend. The pain is constant and radiates across my back. | Throbbing chest pain along with shortness of breath can be caused by a number of different conditions, including:
Angina: This is chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle. It is often described as a squeezing or tightness in the chest and can be accompanied by shortness of breath.
Heart attack: A heart attack occurs when the blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked, usually by a blood clot. Chest pain is the most common symptom of a heart attack, and it may be accompanied by shortness of breath, sweating, nausea, and vomiting.
Pulmonary embolism: This is a blood clot in the lungs that can cause chest pain and shortness of breath.
Pneumonia: This is an infection of the lungs that can cause chest pain and shortness of breath.
Costochondritis: This is inflammation of the cartilage that connects the ribs to the breastbone. It can cause chest pain, especially when taking a deep breath or coughing.
If you are experiencing throbbing chest pain along with shortness of breath, it is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible. These symptoms can be serious and may require immediate treatment. | hc3-medicine | 1 | 4.161005 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Chronic egg laying'
Chronic egg laying is a maladaptive, | Chronic egg laying is a maladaptive, behavioural disorder commonly seen in pet birds which repeatedly lay clutches of infertile eggs in the absence of a mate. It is particularly common in cockatiels, budgerigars, lovebirds, macaws and amazon parrots. Birds exhibiting chronic egg laying behavior will frequently lay eggs one after the other without stopping to brood them once the typical clutch size for their particular species has been reached. Excessive egg laying places a strain on the hen's body, depleting resources such as calcium, protein and vitamins from her body and may lead to conditions such as egg binding, osteoporosis, seizures, prolapse of the oviduct or peritonitis - which may lead to her death. Causes
While a single specific cause is unknown, chronic egg laying is believed to be triggered by hormonal imbalances influenced by a series of external factors. As in the domestic chicken, female parrots are capable of producing eggs without the involvement of a male - it is a biological process that may be triggered by environmental cues such as day length (days becoming longer, indicating the arrival of spring) and food availability, or the presence of a dark, enclosed space (such as a cupboard or space beneath furniture) in which the bird in question can hide and is not a conscious decision. An overabundance of easily available, nutritious food may trigger the bird's reproductive cycle, as can the presence of a male bird in the vicinity of her cage, or even a circumstance where the hen becomes mistakenly attracted to a mirror or other cage toy. Removing the eggs from a bird demonstrating this behavior may make the problem worse by inducing her to lay even more eggs. | wiki-intro | 0 | 20.579792 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Eastman (surname)'
Eastman is a surname. Notable people with | Eastman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
1. Roy Eastman (born 1938), American jazz drummer
2. Scott Eastman (born 1967), Canadian film and television director
3. Candace Eastman (1913-1994), American author and illustrator | wiki-intro | 1 | 20.116947 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Akhtar Ali Vario'
Chaudhry Akhtar Ali Vario (چوہدری اختر علی | Chaudhry Akhtar Ali Vario (چوہدری اختر علی آف وریو) was born in District Gurdaspur in 1933. He belongs to a Gujjar family. His father Chaudhry Ghulam Ahmad Zaildar was a prominent personality of his area who migrated to Pakistan with his family in 1947. Ch. Akhtar Ali is famous Pakistani politician and head of the Vario family of Sialkot District, Punjab province. He remained Provincial Minister, Chairman District Council Sialkot, Member of National Assembly, Member Provincial Assembly of Punjab several times. Political career
Vario served as chairman and member of Sialkot district council between 1979-1985 and was elected as a Member of the Provincial Assembly (MPA) from PP-143 Sialkot in the 1985 elections. He was re-elected in 1988 as a representative of the Islami Jamhoori Ittehad from PP-104 Sialkot and was given portfolio of Minister of Communication and Works by the Chief Minister, Nawaz Sharif. He was elected for a third consecutive term in the 1990 elections from PP-106 Sialkot. | wiki-intro | 0 | 13.423012 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Jim McFadden'
James Alexander McFadden (April 15, 1920 – | James Alexander McFadden (April 15, 1920 – February 8, 1984) was an American professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as an outfielder for the Detroit Tigers, Cincinnati Reds, Philadelphia Phillies, and Baltimore Orioles. He is the all-time leader in home runs by a right-handed hitter and third in total bases (6,109).
McFadden attended the University of Pittsburgh, where he played college baseball for the Pittsburgh Panthers. He was drafted by the Tigers in the fourth round of the 1942 MLB draft. He made his MLB debut with Detroit in 1946 and played for them through 1951. After a two-year absence due to military service, McFadden returned to play for the Reds from 1953 to 1955. He spent his final three MLB seasons with the Phillies and Orioles. McFadden finished his career with 536 home runs, ranking third all-time behind Willie Mays and Hank Aaron. He was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1974.
After retiring as a player, McFadden served as a coach for the Baltimore Orioles (1976–1978) and Cincinnati Reds (1979–1982). He also worked as a commentator on MLB telecasts from 1974 to 1984. McFadden died of cancer at the age of 63 in 1984. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.496471 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Quinton (musical instrument)'
The quinton is a bowed musical instrument, | The quinton is a bowed musical instrument, chordophone, in use mostly in France in the 18th century (between 1730 and 1789). It takes its name from the fact that, in ensembles, it played the quinta vox or quintus. Another derivation of the name may be from the number of strings and for consonance with violon. By the same name it is sometimes denoted the pardessus de viole, an originally six-stringed instrument of the family of the viols, since the pardessus lost one string and adopted the same tuning of the quinton. However, while the pardessus is viol-shaped, the quinton is violin-shaped. Characteristics
The quinton was an hybrid between the violin (structure of the body, f-shaped holes), and the viol (sloped shoulders, wider fingerboard with seven adjustable frets). The tuning of the five strings was intermediate between violin and viol: G, D', A', D", G". The pegbox ended either in a scroll, like violins, or in a carved head, like viols. It was played on the lap, with
underhand bow grip, as the pardessus. | wiki-intro | 0 | 60.121288 | [
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Why do we have both a North and a True North? My iPhone shows if I want to see the North or the True North. What is the difference between both and why do both exist? Please explain like I' m five. | Great question! The Earth is not a perfect sphere, it is actually slightly flattened at the poles and bulges at the equator. This means that the Earth's rotational axis, which is an imaginary line that runs through the center of the Earth and around which the Earth rotates, is not perpendicular to the surface of the Earth. Instead, it is tilted by about 23.5 degrees.
The North Pole is the point on the Earth's surface that is directly above the Earth's rotational axis. This is the point that is used to define the direction of "north."
True North, on the other hand, is the direction of the North Pole relative to the surface of the Earth. It is the direction that a compass needle points towards, which is not the same as the direction of the North Pole. This is because the Earth's magnetic field causes the compass needle to be attracted to the Earth's magnetic north pole, which is not exactly the same as the Earth's rotational north pole.
So, to sum it up: "North" is the direction that is defined by the Earth's rotational axis, and "True North" is the direction that a compass needle points towards due to the Earth's magnetic field. Both of these directions are important for different reasons, and that's why we have both of them. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 6.485777 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Clianthus'
Clianthus, commonly known as kakabeak (kōwhai ngutukākā | Clianthus, commonly known as kakabeak (kōwhai ngutukākā in Māori), is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family Fabaceae, comprising two species of shrubs native to New Zealand. They have striking clusters of red flowers which resemble the beak of the kaka, a New Zealand parrot. The plants are also known as parrot's beak, parrot's bill and lobster claw – all references to the distinctive flowers. There is also a variety with white to creamy coloured flowers called: "Albus," and a variety with rosy pink flowers called: "Roseus." The two species are the critically endangered Clianthus puniceus which is now known in the wild only on Moturemu Island in the Kaipara Harbour, and the endangered Clianthus maximus. In a 2005 survey, only 153 plants of C. maximus were found (down from over 1000 in 1996), mainly in the East Cape region. C. maximus is widely grown as a garden plant in New Zealand, but the cultivated lines are descended from only a few plants and are not genetically diverse. C. puniceus is cultivated and has given rise to award-winning cultivars. | wiki-intro | 0 | 21.034521 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Erigethes strobilacei'
Erigethes strobilacei is a moth of the | Erigethes strobilacei is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Brazil.
The wingspan is about 34 mm. The forewings are light yellow with a dark brown median band and a light brown terminal band. The hindwings are light yellow. | wiki-intro | 1 | 13.252224 | [
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Garan Fabou Kouyaté (April 25, 1925 - | Garan Fabou Kouyaté (April 25, 1925 - December 2, 2004) was a guitarist and singer from Guinea. He is particularly noted for his work in the kora and for his collaborations with the mbalax singer Salif Keita.
Garan Kouyate was born in 1925 in the village of Kankan, in the southeast of Guinea. His father, an agricultural worker, played a variety of traditional Guinean instruments, including the kora. Kouyate learned to play the kora from his father and other local musicians.
In 1949, Kouyate traveled to Conakry to study music at the National School of Music. He then moved to Paris, where he continued his studies at the Conservatoire de Paris. In 1957 he made his debut as a soloist at the Salle Pleyel.
Kouyate collaborated with many musicians over his career, including Salif Keita, who recorded several songs with him. He also performed at various international festivals, including the Montreux Jazz Festival and the World Music Festival in Cairo.
Kouyate died on December 2, 2004 in Paris. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.887789 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Mike Barnes (Hollyoaks)'
Mike Barnes is a fictional character from | Mike Barnes is a fictional character from the British soap opera, Hollyoaks, played by actor Jamie Lomas. He made his first appearance on 3 September 2006 and left on 12 October 2010.
Mike is the son of Jackie (Jacqueline Jossa) and Tony Barnes (Scott Maslen). He is first mentioned when his mother tells his father that she is pregnant. He makes his first appearance when Tony mistakes him for his brother, Michael, and hits him with a cricket ball. Mike quickly becomes friends with Dennis Savage (Nathan Barley) and they start to take advantage of Tony's largesse.
When Tony finds out about Mike's true identity, he is angry at Jackie for keeping the truth from him and he forbids her from seeing Mike. However, he eventually accepts Mike as his son and they start to rebuild their relationship. In 2007, Tony dies and Mike moves in with Jackie and Dennis.
In 2008, Mike starts dating Sonia Ross (Natalie Cassidy) but their relationship ends after Sonia has an affair with Dennis. In 2009, Mike begins dating Debbie Dingle (Charley Webb), but their relationship also ends after Debbie discovers that Mike is still seeing Sonia. In 2010, Mike begins dating Ste Hay (Kieron Richardson). Their relationship is rocky from the start but they eventually get together. However, Ste leaves Hollyoaks in January 2011 after discovering that Mike is still seeing Sonia.
In March 2011, it is revealed that Sonia has been pregnant and she gives | wiki-intro | 1 | 13.263597 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Gene Chandler'
Gene Chandler (born Eugene Drake Dixon; July | Gene Chandler (born Eugene Drake Dixon; July 6, 1937) is an American singer, songwriter, music producer, and record-label executive. Chandler is nicknamed "the Duke of Earl" or, simply, "the Duke." He is best known for his most successful songs, "Duke of Earl" and "Groovy Situation", and his association with the Dukays, the Impressions, and Curtis Mayfield. Chandler is a Grammy Hall of Fame inductee and a recipient of the Rhythm and Blues Foundation's Pioneer Award. He is one of the few singers to achieve chart success spanning the doo-wop, rhythm and blues, soul and disco musical eras, with some Top-40 pop and R&B chart hits between 1961 and 1986. Chandler was inducted as a performer into the Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame on August 24, 2014. In 2016, he became a double inductee in the R&B Music Hall of Fame with his induction as an R&B music pioneer. | wiki-intro | 0 | 12.757317 | [
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What is rape culture and is it really happening? Edit: Thanks for all the serious answers. I really appreciate it I feel educated now haha Please explain like I' m five. | Rape culture is a term that describes a culture in which sexual violence, particularly rape, is prevalent and in which attitudes, behaviors, and practices that normalize, excuse, or tolerate sexual violence are common. This can include things like jokes or media that make light of sexual assault, victim blaming, or tolerating inappropriate behavior from people in positions of power.Rape culture can be difficult to see or understand, especially if you haven't experienced it directly, but it is a real and harmful problem that affects many people. It's important to be aware of rape culture and to work to create a culture that does not tolerate sexual violence. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 6.672375 | [
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How or where do radio stations get their music? Do they buy the CD albums? Do they download the music online? How did they get the music in the early days when radio just started? Explain like I' m five. | Radio stations get their music from a variety of sources. One way is by buying CDs or digital copies of songs or albums from record labels or distributors. In the early days of radio, stations would often receive physical copies of records or tapes in the mail. Today, it is also common for stations to download music files from online platforms, such as online music stores or music distribution websites.
In the early days of radio, stations would play live music or make their own recordings of songs. They might also play music from phonograph records, which were like early versions of CDs. As radio became more popular, record labels began to release special versions of songs called "radio edits" that were shorter and had fewer lyrics, making them easier for radio stations to play.
Overall, radio stations have many different ways of getting music to play on the air. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 10.021293 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Business improvement district'
A business improvement district (BID) is a | A business improvement district (BID) is a defined area within which businesses are required to pay an additional tax (or levy) in order to fund projects within the district's boundaries. The BID is often funded primarily through the levy but can also draw on other public and private funding streams. BIDs may go by other names, such as business improvement area (BIA), business revitalization zone (BRZ), community improvement district (CID), special services area (SSA), or special improvement district (SID). These districts typically fund services which are perceived by some businesses as being inadequately performed by government with its existing tax revenues, such as cleaning streets, providing security, making capital improvements, construction of pedestrian and streetscape enhancements, and marketing the area. The services provided by BIDs are supplemental to those already provided by the municipality. The revenue derives from a tax assessment on commercial property owners, and in some cases, residential property owners. Development
The first BID was the Bloor West Village Business Improvement Area, established in Toronto in 1970 as an initiative by local private business. The first BID in the United States was the Downtown Development District in New Orleans established in 1974, and there were 1,200 across the country by 2011. Other countries with BIDs include Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Jamaica, Serbia, Albania, Germany, Ireland, Singapore, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. | wiki-intro | 0 | 11.882601 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Clem Davies (minister)'
Clement Llewellyn Davies (December 3, 1890 – | Clement Llewellyn Davies (December 3, 1890 – December 21, 1951) was a Canadian Christian minister and recruiter for the Ku Klux Klan. Davies pastored Centennial Church in Victoria, British Columbia through the 1920s where he preached British Israelism and an early version of Christian Identity Theology. He became affiliated with the KKK by the early 1920s and recruited members though his church. In the 1930, Davies spent time in the area of Milwaukee, Wisconsin preaching. In 1933, he began to travel and speak regularly outside the 1933 Chicago World's Fair where he promoted the Christian Identity Theology and defended the KKK. Davies was a speaker at the Anglo-Saxon Federation Meeting in March 1940 that was organized by Gordon Lindsay in Vancouver, British Columbia. Davies began traveling and ministering in the United States and Canada throughout the 1940s through the sponsorship of Tatos Kardashian. During 1947, Kardashian sponsored joint events featuring both Davis and Avok Hagopian, an Iranian faith healer with the same sponsors. The pair traveled the United States holding joint appearances. | wiki-intro | 0 | 35.636314 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Stoermeriana'
Stoermeriana is a genus of moths in | Stoermeriana is a genus of moths in the family Lasiocampidae described by Josef J. de Freina and Thomas Joseph Witt in 1983. Species
Some species of this genus are:
Stoermeriana abbayensis Rougeot, 1984
Stoermeriana abyssinica (Aurivillius, 1909)
Stoermeriana aculeata (Walker, 1865)
Stoermeriana acuminata (Walker, 1865)
Stoermeriana amblycalymma (Tams, 1936)
Stoermeriana amphilecta (Tams, 1936)
Stoermeriana basale (Walker, 1855)
Stoermeriana callizona (Tams, 1931)
Stoermeriana camerunicum (Aurivillius, 1902)
Stoermeriana cervina (Aurivillius, 1927)
Stoermeriana chavalloni Rougeot, 1984
Stoermeriana coilotoma (Bethune-Baker, 1911)
Stoermeriana collenettei (Tams, 1931)
Stoermeriana congoense (Aurivillius, 1909)
Stoermeriana craterum (Tams, 1929)
Stoermeriana das (Hering, 1928)
Stoermeriana directa (Mabille, 1893)
Stoermeriana distinguenda (Aurivillius, 1905)
Stoermeriana eccrita (D. S. Fletcher, 1968)
Stoermeriana fuliginosa (Holland, 1893)
Stoermeriana fusca (Aurivillius, 1905)
Stoermeriana gamma (Aurivillius, 1909)
Stoermeriana graberii (Dewitz, 1881)
Stoermeriana laportei (Rougeot, 1977)
Stoermeriana livida (Holland, 1893)
Stoermeriana makomanum (Strand, 1912)
Stoermeriana mirabilis (Distant, 1897)
Stoermeriana muriniscolor Rougeot, 1984
Stoermeriana nabatea de Freina, 2003
Stoermeriana ocellata (Tams, 1929)
Stoermeriana oinopa (Tams, 1936)
Stoermeriana omana de Freina & Witt, 1988
Stoermeriana pachyla (Tams, 1936)
Stoermeriana pamphenges (Tams, 1936)
Stoermeriana pygmaeorum (Tams, 1929)
Stoermeriana regraguii (Rungs, 1950)
Stoermeriana saanayetae Rougeot, 1984
Stoermeriana singulare (Aurivillius, 1893)
Stoermeriana sjostedti (Aurivillius, 1902)
Stoermeriana sminthocara (Tams, 1936)
Stoermeriana superba (Aurivillius, 1909)
Stoermeriana tamsi (Rougeot, 1977)
Stoermeriana tessmanni (Strand, 1912)
Stoermeriana thomensis (Talbot, 1929)
Stoermeriana versicolora Kühne, 2008
Stoermeriana viettei (Rougeot, 1977)
Stoermeriana vinacea (Tams, 1929) | wiki-intro | 0 | 9.954437 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Mill Grove'
Mill Grove is a historic house and | Mill Grove is a historic house and farm complex located in rural Cumberland County, Maryland, United States. The main house is a 2-1/2 story stone structure, with a gable roof and a large central chimney. A large two-story ell is attached to the southeast corner of the main house. The property also includes a contributing barn and silo, a smokehouse, and several other outbuildings.
Mill Grove was built in 1810 by Joseph and Ann (Baxter) Mill, who were descendants of English Quakers who had settled in Maryland in the 1650s. The property was acquired by the Civil War veteran and local politician, Colonel Charles A. Stoddert, in 1872. Colonel Stoddert was instrumental in the development of Cumberland County as the county seat, and served as its first treasurer and as Cumberland County's first sheriff. He also served as president of the Farmers' Alliance and as a delegate to the Maryland State Constitutional Convention of 1867. Colonel Stoddert died in 1908, and the Mill Grove property was sold to the Reverend Charles F. Johnson in 1910. Reverend Johnson was pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of Waldorf from 1880 until his death in 1918.
The Mill Grove property has been owned by the Johnson family since 1910. The property has been operated as a farm since its acquisition by the Johnsons, and is still used today for agricultural purposes. The Mill Grove property is open to the public for tours on select days during the | wiki-intro | 1 | 11.257224 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Michaelia Cash'
Michaelia Clare Cash (born 19 July 1970) | Michaelia Clare Cash (born 19 July 1970) is an Australian politician who has been the Minister for Social Services since 2 March 2017 in the Turnbull Government. Previously she was a Senator for New South Wales from 2013 to 2017.
Cash was born in Sydney, Australia, on 19 July 1970. She attended Catholic schools and graduated from the University of New South Wales with a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) in 1992.
Cash worked as a solicitor before being elected to the New South Wales state parliament as the member for Charlestown in 2003. She was subsequently appointed Assistant Treasurer by Premier Morris Iemma in 2007 and served in that position until her election to the Australian Senate in 2013. Cash was re-elected to the Senate in 2016.
Throughout her political career, Cash has been noted for her support of social services reform, including her role in developing the government's response to the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse. As Minister for Social Services, Cash is also responsible for implementing government policies related to social housing, welfare, health, family support and income support. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.931102 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Vincent K. Brooks'
Vincent Keith Brooks (born October 24, 1958) | Vincent Keith Brooks (born October 24, 1958) is an American philosopher and the William James Fellow at Boston College. Brooks has written extensively on ethical, political, and religious topics, as well as on aesthetics, literature, and film. He currently teaches at the University of Notre Dame.
Brooks was born in Cleveland, Ohio, to Vincent Brooks and Patricia (née O'Neill) Brooks. He received his B.A. from Wake Forest University in 1980, and his M.A. from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1982. He then completed his Ph.D. at Duke University in 1987, under the direction of J.L. Mackie.
Brooks has been a professor at Notre Dame since 1991, where he currently holds the William James Fellow position in Ethics and Religious Studies. He also serves as the director of the Notre Dame Center for Ethics and Culture.
Brooks' work has primarily been in philosophy of religion, ethics, political philosophy, and aesthetics. His early work was in the area of moral theory, with a focus on theories of Kant and utilitarianism. Later work has focused on issues of religious belief, apologetics, religious pluralism, and the relationship between reason and religion. He has also written extensively on film theory and criticism.
In 2003, Brooks was awarded the prestigious Grawemeyer Award for Philosophy for his book Truth: A New Introduction to Philosophy (Oxford University Press). In 2005 he was named a Corresponding Fellow of the British | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.839005 | [
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Why do teeth have nerves? Just had a root canal done last week after several days of excruciating pain and I couldn't help but wonder why we need nerves connected to our teeth. Please explain like I' m five. | for the same reason the rest of your body needs nerves; to tell you when something is damaged. Survival of the fittest-animals with nerves in their teeth have a higher chance of survival, because they will damage them less because of the threat of pain. And teeth are a key organ-an animal without teeth is as good as dead. If you had no feeling in your teeth, you wouldn't be able to realise how much force you are putting into a bite. You'd probably end up damaging your jaw and teeth. So the pain is there to stop you hurting yourself. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 16.346857 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Iosif Utkin'
Iosif Pavlovich Utkin ( – 13 | Iosif Pavlovich Utkin ( – 13 November 1944) was a Russian poet of the World War II generation.
Utkin was born on 13 May at the Khingan station (in modern Yakeshi) of the Chinese Eastern Railway, which his parents were helping to construct. After his birth the family returned to their native city Irkutsk, where the future poet lived until 1920. He was expelled from middle school for poor behavior and free-thinking. He worked as a marker at a tannery, sold newspapers, and delivered telegrams for a living. In 1919 during the anti-Kolchak uprising in Irkutsk he became a member of the Workers Guard (Communist guerrillas) until the re-establishment of Soviet power. In 1920 he enlisted as a volunteer with the first group of Irkutsk Komsomol members for the Soviet Far East Front. In the army he was a field informant and military commissar of repair shops. In 1922 he worked as a reporter for the newspaper Power to Labor, then for the Provincial Committee of Komsomol as a secretary of the Komsomol newspaper and a political instructor for pre-induction trainees. In 1924 he was sent to study at the Institute for Journalism in Moscow. Since 1922 he had published his poems in the Siberian press, and on his arrival in Moscow he was published there. In 1925 his first book "Story about the redhead Motele..." was published, and in 1926 his first book of poems. From 1925 he worked in Komsomolskaya Pravda. After graduating from the Institute in 1927, he was sent along with the poets Zharov and Bezymensky abroad, where he stayed two months. In 1928 he published the poem "Dear Childhood." | wiki-intro | 0 | 23.438066 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'WTPL'
WTPL (107.7 FM) is a radio station | WTPL (107.7 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a news/talk/sports format. Licensed to Hillsborough, New Hampshire, United States, it serves the Manchester and Concord areas. The station is owned by Bill Binnie's Binnie Media, through licensee WBIN Media Co., Inc. It airs a news/talk radio format. It the flagship station of a trimulcast with WTSN in the Portsmouth market and WEMJ in the Lakes Region. History
The original construction permit for the station was granted on August 4, 1987, under the call sign of WRCI; a license to cover was granted on September 7, 1990. However, the station's original owners, Empire Radio Partners, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 1992, and the station was sold to Radioworks in 1993. By 1994, WRCI was serving as a simulcast of its then-sister station WJYY (105.5), an adult contemporary station. The station had changed simulcast partners to WNHI (93.3; now WNHW), a classic rock station, by 1996. | wiki-intro | 0 | 27.560665 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Swagger (software)'
Swagger is an Interface Description Language for | Swagger is an Interface Description Language for describing RESTful APIs expressed using JSON.
Swagger is used together with a set of open-source software tools to design, build, document, and use RESTful web services.
Swagger includes automated documentation, code generation (into many programming languages), and test-case generation. History
The Swagger API project was created in 2011 by Tony Tam, technical co-founder of the dictionary site Wordnik. During the development of Wordnik's products, the need for automation of API documentation and client SDK generation became a major source of frustration. Tam designed a simple JSON representation of the API, building upon the flexibility of the REST style of architecture and using many features of tooling built for the SOAP protocol. The concept for the user interface was proposed by Ayush Gupta, who suggested that an interactive user interface would benefit end users who wished to "try out" and develop against the API. Ramesh Pidikiti led implementation of the initial code generator and designer/developer Zeke Sikelianos coined the name Swagger. The Swagger API project was made open source in September 2011. Soon after release, a number of new components were added to the project, including a stand-alone validator, support for Node.js, and Ruby on Rails. | wiki-intro | 0 | 26.821861 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Washboard Jungle'
Washboard Jungle is a four-man group that | Washboard Jungle is a four-man group that combines elements of folk music, classic rock, comedy, dance, and performance art. The members include Bob Goldberg (keyboards, accordion, bulbul tarang, percussion, vocals), Henry Hample (banjo, fiddle, mandolin, ukulele, percussion, vocals), McPaul Smith (bass guitar, jug, percussion, vocals), and Stuart Cameron Vance (guitars, kazoo, percussion, vocals). They took their name from the movie Blackboard Jungle. The group was founded in New York City in 1989 by Henry Hample, the son of noted humorist Stuart Hample. Often referred to as a "post-modern jug band," they've used up to 40 musical instruments and household utensils in their live shows, including washboards, spoons, bongos, pennywhistle, melodica, a potato masher, a carrot grater, a toy hammer, a vacuum cleaner, water glasses, and digital samplers. They reinterpret traditional folk songs, and the songs of other artists ranging from Hoagy Carmichael to Pink Floyd, but also write original songs in a comic vein. | wiki-intro | 0 | 18.814108 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Operation Manhunt'
Operation Manhunt is a 1954 American drama | Operation Manhunt is a 1954 American drama film directed by William A. Wellman and written by Harry Julian Fink. The film stars James Stewart, June Allyson, Rod Taylor, and Karl Malden. The film is about the hunt for a serial killer in New York City.
Operation Manhunt was released on October 25, 1954, by United Artists. The film was commercially successful, grossing over $2 million at the box office. Critical reviews were mixed, but it has since been regarded as a classic crime film. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.933647 | [
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In the lord of the rings, why do the orcs lose all the time even with numerical advantages? sorry if this has been asked before Please explain like I' m five. | Orcs are a type of fictional creature that appear in the Lord of the Rings novels and movies. They are usually depicted as being large and muscular, with a violent and aggressive nature.
There are a few reasons why the orcs might lose all the time, even when they have numerical advantages. One reason is that the orcs are often less well-trained and disciplined than their opponents. They tend to rely on brute force and numbers rather than tactics and strategy, which makes them less effective in battle.
Another reason is that the orcs are often fighting against more powerful and skilled opponents. For example, in the Lord of the Rings novels and movies, the orcs are often fighting against humans, elves, and dwarves, who are all more technologically advanced and have more powerful weapons and armor. The orcs are also often fighting against armies led by powerful wizards, who can use magic to help turn the tide of battle.
Overall, while the orcs might have numerical advantages in some battles, they are often outmatched by their more skilled and powerful opponents. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 9.430695 | [
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