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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Zakk Wylde'
Zachary Phillip Wylde (born Jeffrey Phillip Wielandt; | Zachary Phillip Wylde (born Jeffrey Phillip Wielandt; October 12, 1969), better known by his stage name Zakk Wylde, is an American metal musician, singer, songwriter and record producer. He is the founder and frontman of the metal band Ozzy Osbourne, as well as a former member of Black Sabbath and Heaven and Hell. Wylde has also been a studio musician and producer for several other metal and hard rock bands.
Zakk Wylde was born Jeffrey Phillip Wielandt on October 12, 1969, in Des Moines, Iowa. When he was 11 years old, Wylde's family moved to Ozzy Osbourne's home town of Birmingham, England. He began his musical career as the drummer in a punk rock band called Misfits. After several line-up changes, Misfits became the heavy metal band Black Sabbath in 1978. He left Black Sabbath in 1983 to join Heaven and Hell. Wylde rejoined Black Sabbath in 1992 and remained with them until 2006. During his time with Black Sabbath, he released six studio albums and two live albums. In 2006, Wylde formed his own metal band, Zakk Wylde's Ozzfest.
Wylde also has a career as a studio musician and producer. He has worked with artists such as Megadeth, Ozzy Osbourne, Whitesnake, Rob Halford of Judas Priest and Iron Maiden, among others. In 2002, he won a Grammy Award for producing the album "Ozzmosis" | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.160272 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Worthless United'
Worthless United was an American punk rock | Worthless United was an American punk rock band from the 1980s. The group was formed in 1984 in San Francisco, California.
The band released two albums and an EP before breaking up in 1987. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.356519 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Djamaâ Sidi Ramdane'
Sidi Ramadan Mosque is a historic | Sidi Ramadan Mosque is a historic mosque located in the medina of Tunis, Tunisia. The mosque is also known as Djamaâ Sidi Ramdane. It was built in 1248 by Sidi Ramdane, a Berber military leader who served the Almohad dynasty.
The mosque is one of the oldest in Tunis and is considered to be one of the most important mosques in Tunisia. It is also considered to be one of the most beautiful mosques in Tunisia. The mosque is noted for its beautiful minaret, which is considered to be one of the best examples of Moorish architecture in Tunis. The mosque is also noted for its beautiful courtyard, which is considered to be one of the most beautiful courtyards in Tunisia. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.895294 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Katakolo railway station'
Katakolo railway station is a railway | Katakolo railway station is a railway station serving the town of Katakolo in the Kongo Central province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The station is located on the Lokoya–Kinshasa mainline, and is served by regular trains travelling between Kinshasa and Lubumbashi.
The station was opened in 1954 as part of the Lokoya–Kinshasa railway line. In 1977, it became part of the Belgian Congo Railway network, and in 2003 it became part of the Central African Railway network.
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Type 15 frigate'
The Type 15 frigate was a class | The Type 15 frigate was a class of destroyers built for the Royal Navy in the late 1950s. They were designed to provide anti-submarine warfare (ASW) and general surface warfare support. The Type 15s were phased out of service in the early 1990s, but remain in service with a number of countries.
The Type 15 frigate was a class of destroyer built for the Royal Navy in the late 1950s. They were designed to provide anti-submarine warfare (ASW) and general surface warfare support. The Type 15s were phased out of service in the early 1990s, but remain in service with a number of countries. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.102511 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Winchester Model 70'
The Winchester Model 70 is a bolt-action | The Winchester Model 70 is a bolt-action sporting rifle. It has an iconic place in American sporting culture and has been held in high regard by shooters since it was introduced in 1936, earning the moniker "The Rifleman's Rifle". The action has some design similarities to Mauser designs and it is a development of the earlier Winchester Model 54, itself based on a Mauser 98-type action. The Model 70 was originally manufactured by the Winchester Repeating Arms Company between 1936 and 1980. From the early 1980s until 2006, Winchester rifles were manufactured by U.S. Repeating Arms under an agreement with Olin Corporation, allowing USRA to use the Winchester name and logo. Model 70s were built in New Haven, Connecticut, from 1936 to 2006, when production ceased. In the fall of 2007, the Belgian company FN Herstal announced that Model 70 production would resume. As of 2012, new Winchester Model 70 rifles were being made by FN Herstal in Columbia, South Carolina. In 2013, assembly was moved to Portugal. | wiki-intro | 0 | 15.110514 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'The Infinite Order'
The Infinite Order is the seventh studio | The Infinite Order is the seventh studio album from Christian metal band Living Sacrifice released January 26, 2010. The album, produced by Jeremiah Scott and mixed by Andy Sneap marks a return for the band since their prior album in 2002. Because the manufacturer used the wrong master, the first pressing has an additional song "Of My Flesh, Of My Heart" on track 12 that was intended to be a bonus track on a possible European release. Future pressings will have the intended 11 tracks. They have since made a deluxe edition of the album available only through iTunes. The deluxe edition features new artwork, one bonus studio track, two live bonus tracks, and the In Finite Live DVD. Music videos were made for the songs "Rules of Engagement" and "Overkill Exposure". "Love Forgives" is inspired by the book of 1 Corinthians 13. Track listing
All lyrics written by Living Sacrifice and composed by Living Sacrifice | wiki-intro | 0 | 31.338768 | [
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The difference between Communism, Socialism, and Fascism They've all always seemed so closely related in my mind, but I've never really felt like I have known the criteria for differentiating them. Explain like I' m five. | Communism, socialism, and fascism are all different political ideologies that have been influential in various parts of the world. Here's a simple explanation of the differences between them:
Communism is a political ideology that advocates for the creation of a classless society in which resources are shared equally and everyone works towards the common good. Under communism, the means of production (such as factories, farms, and mines) are owned and controlled by the community as a whole, rather than by individual people or businesses.
Socialism is a political ideology that advocates for the creation of a society in which resources are shared more equally and the government plays a larger role in regulating the economy. Under socialism, the means of production may be owned and controlled by the government, rather than by private individuals or businesses.
Fascism is a political ideology that emphasizes the importance of national unity, strength, and pride, and often involves the suppression of dissent and the glorification of war and violence. Fascism often involves the creation of a dictatorship in which one person or group has absolute power.
In summary, communism and socialism both involve the idea of sharing resources more equally and having a larger role for the government in the economy, while fascism involves the suppression of dissent and the glorification of violence. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 6.034306 | [
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Why does snow leave my car so dirty? You'd of thought that it would clean it if anything? Explain like I' m five. | Snow itself is not dirty, but it can pick up dirt and other particles as it falls through the air or as it melts and runs off of surfaces. When snow sticks to your car, it can leave behind any dirt or other substances that it picked up on its journey. This is why your car may look dirty after a snowfall, even though the snow itself is white and clean.\n\nAnother reason your car may look dirty after a snowfall is because the snow can cause salt, sand, or other substances that are used to melt ice on the roads to stick to your car. These substances can be abrasive and can cause scratches or other damage to your car's paint.\n\nIn summary, snow itself is not dirty, but it can pick up and leave behind dirt and other substances that can make your car look dirty. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 9.65453 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Porto Flavia'
Porto Flavia is a sea harbor located | Porto Flavia is a sea harbor located near Nebida in the Iglesias comune of South Sardinia in Italy. Built in 1923–24, it served as the mineral production hub of Masua in the west coast of the Sardinian Iglesiente area. It is named after Flavia Vecelli, the daughter of the harbor's engineer and designer Cesare Vecelli. The harbor's characteristics make it unique in the world, and at the time of its construction it was an outstanding engineering feat. Mining production
The Masua hub was a complex of several mining operations in the Sulcis area, a region of Sardinia rich in coal, sulphur, barium, zinc, lead, silver and other metals. Extraction began in 1600, but became economically relevant only in the early 1900s when the mining business in the whole region experienced a quick expansion. The extraction, especially of the coal caves, was operated on a low-technology basis until the early 20th century. Since the late 1800s metal-gathering enjoyed more modern techniques, as it was controlled mostly by rich north-European corporations more willing to commit money in improving the mining efficiency. | wiki-intro | 0 | 36.525688 | [
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E(to a Brit) LI5 the difference between Conservative and Liberal, Left Wing and Right Wing, Democrat and Republican. I like reading about the ongoing American election campaigns but I can't seem to grasp which each of these mean. Can someone break it down simply? Explain like I' m five. | Sure! I'll do my best to explain these terms in a simple way.
Conservative and Liberal are two political ideologies that are often used to describe political parties and their beliefs. In general, conservatives tend to believe in smaller government, lower taxes, and a focus on individual responsibility. They also tend to be more supportive of traditional values and social norms. Liberals, on the other hand, tend to believe in a larger government that plays a more active role in people's lives, and they often support policies that aim to help disadvantaged or marginalized groups. They also tend to be more supportive of progressive social policies, such as LGBTQ+ rights and racial equality.
Left Wing and Right Wing are terms that are often used to describe the political ideologies of parties, candidates, or individuals. In general, people on the left wing of the political spectrum tend to support more progressive policies and ideas, such as greater government intervention in the economy, higher taxes on the wealthy, and social policies that aim to help disadvantaged or marginalized groups. People on the right wing of the political spectrum tend to support more conservative policies and ideas, such as lower taxes, less government intervention in the economy, and a focus on individual responsibility.
Democrat and Republican are the names of two major political parties in the United States. The Democratic Party is generally seen as more liberal, while the Republican Party is generally seen as more conservative. Democrats tend to support policies that aim to help disadvantaged or marginalized groups, such as through social programs and progressive taxation. Republicans tend to support smaller government, lower taxes, and a focus on individual responsibility. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 5.645653 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Baba Raghav Das'
Baba Raghav Das (12 December 1896 - | Baba Raghav Das (12 December 1896 - 6 January 1970) was an Indian spiritual teacher and author who popularised the practice of meditation.
Born in a Hindu family in the village of Bagru in the state of Bihar, Raghav Das began his spiritual journey at an early age. In 1924, he met Paramahansa Yogananda, a guru and yogi who had introduced Eastern spirituality to the United States. Raghav Das remained close to Yogananda until his death in 1952, and he later wrote about his experiences with him in his book "Autobiography of a Yogi".
After leaving Yogananda, Raghav Das travelled throughout India, teaching meditation and yoga. He also established ashrams in India and abroad, and wrote several books on spiritual practice. He died in 1970 at the age of 79.
Baba Raghav Das was a prolific writer, publishing more than thirty books on meditation, yoga, and spirituality. His works have been translated into many languages, and he is widely regarded as one of the foremost teachers of meditation in modern times. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.054607 | [
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Manifest Destiny Due to myself not being well versed in American History I still have trouble with understanding anything to do with Manifest Destiny Explain like I' m five. | Sure! Manifest Destiny was a belief held by many people in the United States in the 19th century. It said that the United States was destined, or meant, to expand its territory and influence across North America. Many people believed that it was the United States' mission, or purpose, to spread its values and way of life to other parts of the continent.\n\nThis belief led to the expansion of the United States through the acquisition of new territories, such as the Louisiana Purchase, the Mexican-American War, and the annexation of Hawaii. Many people saw these events as fulfilling the country's destiny to expand and grow.\n\nHowever, this expansion also had negative consequences, such as the displacement and mistreatment of indigenous peoples and the enslavement of African Americans.\n\nSo, in short, Manifest Destiny was a belief that the United States was meant to expand and grow, and that this expansion was justified, even if it meant taking land from other people and cultures. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 9.14227 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Shirley Sham'
Shirley Sham (; born June 22, 1994) | Shirley Sham (; born June 22, 1994) is a Chinese beauty pageant titleholder from Hong Kong who was crowned as the 2014 Miss Earth China and represented China at the Miss Earth 2014 international competition held on November 29, 2014. She has been working for ViuTV since 2018. Personal life
Sham previously studied in St. Stephen's Girls' Primary School and St. Paul's Co-educational College in Hong Kong, and as an academic scholarship recipient at Fudan University School of Law in Shanghai, China. About her life, Sham says: "I do not fear loss and always try to be myself. I like to seize the moment and don’t dwell on the past, but rather look forward to the future. I care deeply about people and the environment around me. I love to travel because it allows me to praise the magic of nature and help’s me to grow through meeting different people from diverse cultures. Some people say that girls from the 1990s need to be more mature and stable, but I am a strong and passionate person with bigger dreams! I think that it is important to be satisfied with oneself. Even though some dreams may be hard to achieve, I will never stop working to improve the future and hope that I can help this world." | wiki-intro | 0 | 21.640446 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Lars Knudsen (producer)'
Lars Knudsen is a Danish film producer. | Lars Knudsen is a Danish film producer. In 2004, he and producer Jay Van Hoy founded Parts & Labor, a production company dedicated to director-driven, collaborative filmmaking. Parts & Labor has produced more than 20 films including Frank & Lola, The Witch, American Honey, Ain't Them Bodies Saints, and Beginners, and help bring their stories to life for directors like Andrea Arnold or Robert Eggers. In 2016, after 15 years, Knudsen and Van Hoy decided to part ways. Prior to the release of Midsommar in June of 2019, Knudsen and director Ari Aster announced the launch of their new production company, Square Peg. Selected filmography
Old Joy (2006)
Wild Tigers I Have Known (2006)
Gretchen (2006)
Treeless Mountain (2008)
Lovely, Still (2008)
The Exploding Girl (2009)
Cold Weather (2010)
Shit Year (2010)
Beginners (2010)
Here (2011)
The Loneliest Planet (2011)
Keep the Lights On (2012)
Mother of George (2013)
Ain't Them Bodies Saints (2013)
Narco Cultura (2013)
Love Is Strange (2014)
The Heart Machine (2014)
Loitering with Intent (2014)
One More Time (2015)
The Witch (2015)
Little Men (2016)
Complete Unknown (2016)
Frank & Lola (2016)
American Honey (2016)
Love After Love (2017)
Backstabbing for Beginners (2018)
Hereditary (2018)
A Vigilante (2018)
Midsommar (2019)
The Northman (2022)
Disappointment Blvd. (2022)
Resurrection (2022) | wiki-intro | 0 | 16.959997 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Melanotaenia duboulayi'
Melanotaenia duboulayi, the crimson-spotted rainbowfish, less commonly | Melanotaenia duboulayi, the crimson-spotted rainbowfish, less commonly known as the duboulay's rainbowfish, is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Melanotaenia. It is endemic to Sri Lanka and known from a single locality in the central highlands. This species is threatened by habitat loss and degradation. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.187185 | [
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Nancy Dutiel is a model who was | Nancy Dutiel is a model who was active in the 1970s and 1980s. She is best known for having been a spokesmodel for the French cosmetics company Lancôme from April 1977 until the early 1980s for the U.S. market.
Dutiel was born in Ohio in 1953 to Glenn and Davida Dutiel and raised in Centerville, where she attended high school. She graduated from Centerville High School in 1971, having been a cheerleader and a coed drill team member. After high school, Dutiel enrolled in Ohio State University to study biology and also considered learning how to teach the deaf. After entering a pageant in nearby Kettering, however, Dutiel won a free charm school course that led her to travel to New York in October 1972, where she became a model with the Wilhelmina agency. Dutiel stayed with Wilhelmina until 1975, when she switched to the Ford modeling agency. In August 1976, Dutiel modeled in a test ad campaign for Lancôme and then went to Italy to do some more modeling work. When she returned to the United States, she learned that Lancôme's French office responded positively to her test photos. Lancôme subsequently signed her to an exclusive contract, making her the company's U.S. spokesmodel. | wiki-intro | 0 | 15.315804 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Luna 17'
LOK Luna 17 (Ye-8 series) was an | LOK Luna 17 (Ye-8 series) was an unmanned space mission of the Luna program, also called Lunik 17. It deployed the first robotic rover onto the surface of the Moon. Launch
Luna 17 was launched from an Earth parking orbit towards the Moon and entered lunar orbit on 15 November 1970. The spacecraft softly landed on the Moon in the Mare Imbrium (Sea of Rains). The spacecraft had dual ramps by which the payload, Lunokhod 1, descended to the lunar surface. Lunokhod 1 was a lunar vehicle formed of a tub-like compartment with a large convex lid on eight independently powered wheels. Lunokhod 1 was equipped with a cone-shaped antenna, a highly directional helical antenna, four teleray spectrometer, an x-ray telescope, cosmic-ray detectors, and a laser device were also included. The vehicle was powered by a solar cell array mounted on the underside of the lid. Lunokhod 1 was intended to operate through three lunar days but actually operated for eleven lunar days (eleven earth months). The operations of Lunokhod officially ceased on 4 October 1971, the anniversary of Sputnik 1, after having traveled over while taking pictures and performing numerous tests. | wiki-intro | 0 | 27.418495 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Part Time UFO'
Part Time UFO is a physics-based | Part Time UFO is a physics-based puzzle video game developed and published by HAL Laboratory. It was released for Android and iOS in Japan on November 14, 2017 and worldwide on February 26, 2018. An expanded port with new features was released for Nintendo Switch, published by Nintendo, on October 28, 2020. Gameplay
In Part Time UFO, players control a sentient UFO named Jobski, who resembles a small flying saucer and is equipped with a large claw similar to a UFO catcher. The player can choose between several missions, presented as part-time jobs Jobski can take on. Each job involves using the claw to grab and lift objects, then carrying and placing them into designated areas. These include such tasks as placing a farmer's produce in his truck, organizing cheerleaders into a pyramid, or helping a museum curator reconstruct a dinosaur skeleton. Specific objects will blink to indicate they are required to complete the job, with an on-screen counter showing how many required objects still need to be placed. Many puzzles require careful weight distribution when placing objects, as uneven structures will collapse under their own weight and will need to be reconstructed. The weight of an object can also affect Jobski's flight, making it difficult to carry without dropping it or bumping into other objects. Each job must be completed within a designated time limit to receive bonus points, with the remaining time increasing slightly when an object is placed in the score zone. | wiki-intro | 0 | 25.348871 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Unforgiven (2004)'
The 2004 Unforgiven was the seventh annual | The 2004 Unforgiven was the seventh annual Unforgiven professional boxing event held by the World Boxing Council (WBC). The main event featured WBC world light heavyweight champion Roy Jones Jr. defending his title against undefeated challenger Antonio Tarver.
The WBC ordered a rematch between Jones and Tarver after their first fight was ruled a draw. Jones was successful in defending his title, knocking out Tarver in the tenth round. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.713753 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Thapa dynasty'
Thapa dynasty or Thapa noble family | Thapa dynasty or Thapa noble family
The Thapa dynasty or Thapa noble family is a Nepalese royal family. The Thapa dynasty traces its lineage to the medieval Hindu kings of Kathmandu Valley.
The first member of the Thapa dynasty was Ram Sharan Thapa, who established himself as a ruler in the Kathmandu Valley in the late 18th century. The dynasty reached its zenith under King Prithvi Narayan Shah, who ruled from 1846 to 1849. However, the dynasty was destroyed by the Anglo-Nepalese War of 1814–1816 and was never restored. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.345717 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Horror comics'
Horror comics are comic books, graphic novels, | Horror comics are comic books, graphic novels, black-and-white comics magazines, and manga e.g. focusing on horror fiction. In the US market, horror comic books reached a peak in the late 1940s through the mid-1950s, when concern over content and the imposition of the self-censorship Comics Code Authority contributed to the demise of many titles and the toning down of others. Black-and-white horror-comics magazines, which did not fall under the Code, flourished from the mid-1960s through the early 1980s from a variety of publishers. Mainstream American color comic books experienced a horror resurgence in the 1970s, following a loosening of the Code. While the genre has had greater and lesser periods of popularity, it occupies a firm niche in comics as of the 2010s. Precursors to horror comics include detective and crime comics that incorporated horror motifs into their graphics, and early superhero stories that sometimes included the likes of ghouls and vampires. Individual horror stories appeared as early as 1940. The first dedicated horror comic books appear to be Gilberton Publications' Classic Comics #13 (August 1943), with its full-length adaptation of Robert Louis Stevenson's Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, and Avon Publications' anthology Eerie #1 (January 1947), the first horror comic with original content. The first horror-comics series is the anthology Adventures into the Unknown, premiering in 1948 from American Comics Group, initially under the imprint B&I Publishing. | wiki-intro | 0 | 22.914091 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'MLT (hacktivist)'
MLT, real name Matthew Telfer, (born 1994) | MLT, real name Matthew Telfer, (born 1994) is a cybersecurity researcher, former grey hat computer hacker and former member of TeaMp0isoN. MLT was arrested in May 2012 in relation to his activities within TeaMp0isoN, a computer-hacking group which claimed responsibility for many high-profile attacks, including website vandalism of the United Nations, Facebook, NATO, BlackBerry, T-Mobile USA and several other large sites in addition to high-profile denial-of-service attacks and leaks of confidential data. After his arrest, he reformed his actions and shifted his focus to activities as a white hat cybersecurity specialist. He was the founder of now-defunct Project Insecurity LTD. History
Believed to be the former co-leader and spokesperson of TeaMp0isoN, MLT, along with Junaid Hussain and other hackers targeted many large websites and corporations over a two-year period, from 2010 up until 2012 when both individuals were arrested. The group first gained popularity after targeting infamous hacking collective LulzSec, releasing personal information on their members and purporting to have hacked their websites, they then went on to target sites such as NATO, and various government officials from the United Kingdom and United States of America
. The arrests finally came as a result of the probe into the alleged hacking and wiretapping of the British Security Services Anti-Terrorism Hotline. | wiki-intro | 0 | 24.971361 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Walter Thiel (chemist)'
Walter Thiel (7 March 1949 in Treysa, | Walter Thiel (7 March 1949 in Treysa, Thuringia – 25 December 2013 in Berlin) was a German chemist.
Walter Thiel studied chemistry at the University of Mainz, obtaining his doctorate in 1977. He then worked as a postdoctoral researcher at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, before taking up a position as an associate professor at the Technical University of Berlin in 1984.
Thiel's research focused on the synthesis and characterization of new materials and drug compounds. He was particularly interested in the development of novel pharmaceuticals and nanomaterials. His work has led to the creation of several new drugs, including the cancer drug palonosetron and the asthma medication montelukast.
Walter Thiel died from cancer at the age of 67. He was survived by his wife and two children. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.430817 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Exposion'
Exposion is the title of White Denim's | Exposion is the title of White Denim's new album. It is also the name of their upcoming world tour.
Exposion is the ninth studio album by American rock band White Denim. It was produced by Mike Elizondo and was released on March 3, 2019, through 4AD. The album's title is a portmanteau of exposition and exposure, referencing the band's desire to "bring their music directly to their fans" and "maximize their exposure".[1]
Exposion is a return to White Denim's classic sound, with an emphasis on raw energy and spontaneity.[2] Lyrically, the album explores themes of loss, betrayal, and isolation.[3]
The album was met with positive reviews from music critics, who praised its experimental and adrenaline-charged sound. Exposion debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart and has sold 131,000 copies in the United States as of August 2019. It has also charted in several other countries, including Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The band embarking on a world tour in support of Exposion in late 2019. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.116929 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Pugu Huai'en'
Pugu Huai'en (僕固懷恩) (died September 27, 765), | Pugu Huai'en (僕固懷恩) (died September 27, 765), formally the Prince of Da'ning (大寧王), was a general of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, of Tiele ancestry. He was instrumental in the final suppression of the Anshi Rebellion, but rebelled against Emperor Daizong in fear that he was being accused of treason. After an initial defeat by other Tang generals, he led his own forces, allied with forces of the Uyghur Khaganate and Tibetan Empire, to attack the Tang capital Chang'an, but died on the way. Background
It is not known when Pugu Huai'en was born. His grandfather Pugu Gelanbayan (僕固歌濫拔延) was a chieftain of the Pugu tribe, one of the nine major constituent tribes of the Tiele Confederation who submitted to Tang Dynasty rule in 646, during the reign of Emperor Taizong. Emperor Taizong gave the nine chieftains titles as nine commandants, and Pugu Gelanbayan was made the commandant of Jinwei (金微). Pugu Huai'en's father Pugu Yilichuoba (僕固乙李啜拔) inherited the title as commandant of Jinwei, a post that Pugu Huai'en later inherited from him. During the Tianbao era (742-756) of Emperor Taizong's great-grandson Emperor Xuanzong, Pugu Huai'en was made a general and given the honorific title of Tejin (特進). He successively served under two military governors (jiedushi) of Shuofang Circuit (朔方, headquartered in modern Yinchuan, Ningxia), Wang Zhongsi and An Sishun, and both were impressed by his ferocity in battle and knowledge about the other non-Han tribes, as well as command skills, and so gave him great responsibility. | wiki-intro | 0 | 39.463413 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Tyrone, Pennsylvania'
Tyrone is a borough in Blair County, | Tyrone is a borough in Blair County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,184 at the 2010 census.
Tyrone is located at (40.726627, -79.719464).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough has a total area of 1.4 square miles (3.8 km²), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,207 people, 498 households, and 347 families residing in the borough. The population density was 1,569.3 people per square mile (606.8/km²). There were 513 housing units at an average density of 790.6 per square mile (298.4/km²). The racial makeup of the borough was 98.16% White, 0.24% African American, 0.24% Native American, 0.12% Asian, 0.24% from other races, and 0.72% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.57% of the population.
There were 498 households out of which 29.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.9% were married couples living together, 11.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.7% were non-families. 29.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.389171 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'New College Durham'
New College Durham is a further and | New College Durham is a further and higher education college and a sixth form college in County Durham, England. It was founded in 1977 as a result of a merger between Neville's Cross College of Education and Durham Technical College. Until 2004, the college operated on two main sites near the city of Durham: Neville's Cross and Framwellgate Moor. The site at Framwellgate Moor opened in 1957 and was extended in 1970; the site housed the bulk of the college's further education (FE) provision, whilst the Neville's Cross site, an ex-college of education site built in the 1920s, housed most of the higher education (HE) provision. In 2002, the college was given planning permission to build a new £37 million campus at Framwellgate Moor. Construction work began in 2003 with the new buildings being constructed around the old buildings. When the new buildings were completed, work began to demolish the old site at Neville's Cross. The construction work was completed in September 2005, whilst the landscaping was finally completed in October. | wiki-intro | 0 | 19.220203 | [
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Can limits be placed by a merchant on which currency notes are accepted as legal tender? [duplicate] | Can they reject a hundred dollar bill as a payment of debt?! No. A creditor cannot refuse payment in cash, whatever denomination you use. HOWEVER, when you' re buying stuff-you don' t owe anything to the business owner. There' s no debt, so the above rule doesn' t apply. As long as there' s no debt in existence, the matter of payment is decided between two parties based on the mutual agreement. The demand not to use large bills is reasonable in places like 7/11 or taxi-cab that are frequently robbed, or at a small retailer that doesn' t want to invest into forgery detection and fraud prevention. So the answer to this question: Is it the case where this practice of accepting small bills and rejecting large bills is perfectly legal? Is yes. You can find the full explanation on Treasury. gov, including code references. | hc3-finance | 0 | 35.439735 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Meteogram'
A meteogram, also known as a meteorogram, | A meteogram, also known as a meteorogram, is a graphical presentation of one or more meteorological variables with respect to time, whether observed or forecast, for a particular location. Where forecast data is used, the meteogram will typically be generated directly from a weather forecasting model based on the longitude, latitude and elevation of the location, but it can also be corrected by a meteorologist. Where a meteogram is used to display historical weather observations, this will typically be for a specific weather station. In the meteogram, time is plotted along the X axis, while the values of the different weather parameters are plotted along the Y axis. The most common weather parameters in a meteogram are precipitation, temperature, air pressure, cloud cover, wind speed and wind direction, such as in this example meteogram provided as part of a weather forecast by yr.no. In this example, wind speed and wind direction are conveniently presented in the form of wind barbs, precipitation is represented in column format, while temperature and air pressure are represented as lines. Cloud cover is represented in a layered format, providing an indication of the amount of cloud at different heights in the atmosphere. | wiki-intro | 0 | 13.195007 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on '120 Days'
120 Days was a Norwegian rock band. | 120 Days was a Norwegian rock band. They achieved some success in the early 1990s with their singles "120 dager" and "Inn i skyen". | wiki-intro | 1 | 54.624424 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Abdulganiyu Abdulrasaq'
Abdulganiyu Folorunsho AbdulRazaq (A.G.F) (November 13, | Abdulganiyu Folorunsho AbdulRazaq (A.G.F) (November 13, 1921 – October 22, 2001), was a Nigerian historian, writer and academic. He was Professor Emeritus of History at the University of Ibadan.
He was born in 1921 in Katsina State, Nigeria to an aristocratic family. After completing his primary and secondary education in Katsina, he moved to England to attend the University of Cambridge, where he obtained his BA degree in 1947. He then returned to Nigeria and began his career as a lecturer at the University of Ibadan. He held various academic positions at the university before being appointed Professor Emeritus in 1984.
Abdulganiyu Abdulrasaq's major works include "The Development of Nigerian Politics" (1955), "The Modern History of Nigeria" (1968), "The Yoruba Kingdom" (1976), "A History of the Fulani People" (1981), and "The Political Economy of African Development" (1998). He also wrote poetry and several books on folklore. He was awarded the Order of Niger in 1981 and the Order of Merit in 1990.
Abdulganiyu Abdulrasaq died on October 22, 2001 at the age of 80 after a long battle with cancer. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.561563 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on '1985 Caribbean Series'
The twenty-seventh edition of the Caribbean Series | The twenty-seventh edition of the Caribbean Series was held from November 12 to 17, 1985. The tournament was contested by the champions of the Dominican Republic, Cuba, and Puerto Rico.
The Dominican Republic won their fourth Caribbean Series title by defeating Cuba in the final game. Puerto Rico finished in third place, behind the Dominicans and Cubans. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.327089 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Scurlock Publishing Company'
The Scurlock Publishing Company is a publishing | The Scurlock Publishing Company is a publishing and printing corporation located in Texarkana, Texas, that publishes a magazine and books related to American frontier history and the material culture of the 18th and 19th century. Its catalog includes the Muzzleloader, a national magazine devoted to the sport of muzzleloading, and The Book of Buckskinning. This family owned and operated private company was founded as Rebel Publishing Company in 1974 by Oran H. Scurlock, Jr. and B. R. Hughes. The first issue of the Muzzleloader was published in March/April 1974. The idea for the magazine came about while Scurlock and Hughes were at the local shooting range during the monthly shoot of the Piney Woods Muzzleloaders, because there were few sources of information for black powder firearms in the early 1970s. The focus being on American history, and the reenactment thereof, it led to the publication of The Book of Buckskinning in 1981 , ten chapters written by ten authors on different aspects of frontier living commonly known as buckskinning. | wiki-intro | 0 | 30.780691 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Kevin Fickenscher'
Kevin Fickenscher, M.D., CPE, FACPE, FAAFP currently | Kevin Fickenscher, M.D., CPE, FACPE, FAAFP currently practices family medicine in the Pittsburgh, PA area. He is a diplomate of the American Board of Family Practice and a Fellow of the American College of Family Physicians. He has been in private practice since 1984 and is a faculty member of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.
Kevin Fickenscher was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1956. He attended the University of Pittsburgh, where he earned his medical degree in 1984. After completing his residency at Allegheny General Hospital, he began his private practice in 1984.
Kevin Fickenscher is a diplomate of the American Board of Family Practice and a Fellow of the American College of Family Physicians. He has been in private practice since 1984 and is a faculty member at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. He is responsible for both family medicine and emergency medicine services at Presbyterian/UPMC EastView Medical Center. Kevin Fickenscher's clinical interests include general family medicine, sports medicine, geriatrics, and women's health. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.551997 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'On the Mat'
On the Mat was a professional wrestling | On the Mat was a professional wrestling television program for the National Wrestling Alliance-affiliated All Star Pro Wrestling (ASPW), or simply NWA New Zealand, that aired on Television New Zealand's TV2 from 1975 to 1984. One of the most popular and the longest-running weekly sports series in the history of New Zealand, the show featured some of the country's top wrestlers and international stars from throughout the world during the 1970s and early 1980s. On the Mat characterized the "golden age" of professional wrestling in New Zealand and made household names of promoter Steve Rickard, John da Silva, Robert Bruce and others during the 1970s. Much of the show's popularity was based on native New Zealanders and foreign wrestlers working together against their common enemies or, sometimes, being pitted against each other. Several New Zealand wrestlers such as Tony Garea, Peter Maivia, Siva Afi and The Sheepherders, partly from their television appearances, were brought over to the United States where they became major stars during the 1980s wrestling boom. Likewise, wrestlers from the National Wrestling Alliance, Stampede Wrestling, the World Wide Wrestling Federation and other foreign promotions were regulars on the show. | wiki-intro | 0 | 15.152274 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Sedat Alp'
Prof. Ord. Sedat Alp (January 1, 1913 | Prof. Ord. Sedat Alp (January 1, 1913 – November 16, 2002) was a Turkish-born Swiss linguist and academic. He was a professor emeritus of linguistics at the University of Geneva.
Sedat Alp was born in Istanbul, Turkey, on January 1, 1913. He immigrated to Switzerland in 1938 and received his Ph.D. from the University of Geneva in 1945. He served as a professor at the University of Geneva from 1945 until his retirement in 1984. He was also a visiting professor at the universities of Indiana, Michigan, California, and Yale. Alp died in Geneva, Switzerland, on November 16, 2002.
Alp's research focused on the reconstruction of Proto-Turkic and Proto-Iranian languages. He is best known for his work on the development of Turkic word order (particularly in relation to nominative–accusative alignment), as well as his contributions to the study of Iranian languages. In addition to his linguistic research, Alp was also an published poet and playwright. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.925114 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Demographics of Cuba'
The demographic characteristics of Cuba are known | The demographic characteristics of Cuba are known to be diverse, with a population of 11 million people. The country has a population density of only 25 people per square kilometer, one of the lowest in the world. The majority of the population is ethnic Cuban, but there are also significant populations of Africans, Europeans, and other Caribbean people.
The fertility rate in Cuba is 2.1 children per woman, one of the lowest in the world. Life expectancy at birth is 78 years for men and 83 years for women. HIV/AIDS is a significant problem in Cuba, with an estimated 1% of the population living with the virus. The predominant religion in Cuba is Roman Catholicism. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.393422 | [
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How can computers tell the difference between numbers and letters. I understand that computers operate on a base 2 system, but how can it distinguish between the letter'A'and the number 65 (Which are the same when converted)? Explain like I' m five. | Computers can tell the difference between numbers and letters because they are programmed to do so. When a computer stores a letter, it stores it as a number. For example, the letter 'A' is stored as the number 65. When the computer needs to display the letter 'A' on the screen, it converts the number 65 back into the letter 'A'. The computer knows that 65 represents the letter 'A' because it has been programmed to use a specific code, called ASCII, which maps specific numbers to specific letters. So when the computer sees the number 65, it knows to display the letter 'A', and when it sees the letter 'A', it knows to store the number 65. Does that make sense? | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 5.46091 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Kanneboyina Nagaraju'
Kanneboyina Nagaraju is a medical scientist and | Kanneboyina Nagaraju is a medical scientist and the head of the Department of Cardiology at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences in New Delhi, India.
Kanneboyina Nagaraju is a medical scientist and the head of the Department of Cardiology at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences in New Delhi, India. He has authored more than 330 peer-reviewed papers, and is the recipient of several awards, including the Padma Shri, India's fourth highest civilian honour. He has also been named a Distinguished Fellow by the American Heart Association. | wiki-intro | 1 | 4.907501 | [
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Take Care is the second studio album | Take Care is the second studio album by Canadian rapper Drake. It was released on November 15, 2011, by Young Money Entertainment, Cash Money Records and Republic Records. The album features guest appearances from The Weeknd, Rihanna, Kendrick Lamar, Birdman, Nicki Minaj, Rick Ross, Lil Wayne, and André 3000. Alongside prominent production from the album's executive producers Drake and 40, further contributors include T-Minus, Chantal Kreviazuk, Boi-1da, Illangelo, Jamie xx, Supa Dups, Just Blaze, Chase N. Cashe, and Doc McKinney. Prior to Take Care, Drake released Thank Me Later, which experienced positive critical success, but left him feeling disjointed about the album's musical content. Expressing a desire to reunite with 40, his long-time producer who featured in parts on Thank Me Later, the duo worked extensively on the new album once recording sessions began in 2010. Drake's vocals on the album feature emotional crooning, alto vocals, a guttural cadence, a melodic flow, and a larger emphasis on singing than on Thank Me Later. In comparison to his debut album, Drake revealed that the album is called Take Care because "I get to take my time this go-round [rather than rush]". | wiki-intro | 0 | 21.868156 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Pharsalia'
De Bello Civili (; On the Civil | De Bello Civili (; On the Civil War) is a Latin epic poem by Virgil, written in the first decade of the 1st century BC. It tells the story of Aeneas, who travels to Italy to find his father, who was abducted by the Trojans, and of the war between Rome and Carthage.
The poem is widely considered one of the greatest works in Latin literature and is also notable for its use of hexameter verse. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.970436 | [
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The Majesty Demos are the first recorded | The Majesty Demos are the first recorded attempts of progressive band Dream Theater, under their original name, Majesty. The original 1986 tape contained six tracks that were recorded on Mike Portnoy's analog 4-track recorder, and another 4-track recorder obtained from friends at Berklee College of Music. All the band members were about 19 years old at the time of the recording. Only 1,000 copies were recorded on cassette tape and distributed to fans and rock and metal magazines. Portnoy gave one copy to Jim Matheos of Fates Warning, a move that was instrumental in the band's break into the progressive rock scene. The line-up on the initial recording was keyboardist Kevin Moore, bassist John Myung, guitarist John Petrucci, and drummer Mike Portnoy. Chris Collins, the band's singer at the time, had been introduced to the band after a friend heard a demo of him singing a note-for-note version of Queensrÿche's "Queen of the Reich". Seventeen tracks were released by Ytse Jam Records under the title The Berklee Demos and were recorded earlier by Portnoy, Petrucci, and Myung at Berklee. These tracks are instrumental. Tracks 11-17 are seven guitar miniatures, recorded by Petrucci and Portnoy late one night to demonstrate double-tracking the guitar. The songs on The Berklee Demos do not include keyboards, except for the cover of Rush's "YYZ", on which Portnoy plays keyboards. These recordings include versions of "Another Won," "Two Far," and "Your Majesty", which would all later appear on The Majesty Demos, though originally they were instrumentals without keyboards. It is for this reason that these three songs actually appear twice on the Ytse Jam Records re-release, as the CD is a combination of the Berklee Demos and the Majesty Demos. | wiki-intro | 0 | 26.809444 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Avalanche effect'
In cryptography, the avalanche effect is the | In cryptography, the avalanche effect is the phenomenon of a cryptanalysis attack becoming exponentially more difficult as the number of attempted guesses increases. It is also the name given to a class of cryptanalysis attacks that exploit this phenomenon. | wiki-intro | 1 | 11.644956 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Alice Woods Ullman'
Alice Newton Woods Ullman (November 22, 1871 | Alice Newton Woods Ullman (November 22, 1871 – February 1, 1949) was an American stage and film actress. She was one of the most popular actresses of her era, and is considered one of the greatest screen actresses of all time.
Born in Brooklyn, New York, Ullman began her acting career in the late 1890s on Broadway. Her first major role came in 1904, when she was cast in the lead role in the play The Glass Menagerie. That same year, she also appeared in her first motion picture, The Birth of a Nation. Over the next several decades, Ullman would appear in a number of successful films. Her most famous roles include Margo Channing in The Great Ziegfeld (1936), Katharine Hepburn's best friend in The Philadelphia Story (1940), and Faye Dunaway's role in Bonnie and Clyde (1967).
Ullman retired from acting in the early 1960s, but continued to make occasional appearances into the 1970s. She died at the age of 78 years old in 1949. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.630403 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Round (music)'
A round (also called a perpetual canon | A round (also called a perpetual canon [canon perpetuus] or infinite canon) is a musical composition, a limited type of canon, in which a minimum of three voices sing exactly the same melody at the unison (and may continue repeating it indefinitely), but with each voice beginning at different times so that different parts of the melody coincide in the different voices, but nevertheless fit harmoniously together. It is one of the easiest forms of part singing, as only one line of melody need be learned by all parts, and is part of a popular musical tradition. They were particularly favoured in glee clubs, which combined amateur singing with regular drinking. The earliest known rounds date from 12th century Europe. One characteristic of rounds is that, "There is no fixed ending," in the sense that they may be repeated as many times as possible, although many do have "fixed" endings, often indicated by a fermata. "Row, Row, Row Your Boat" is a well-known children's round for four voices. Other well-known examples are "Frère Jacques", "Three Blind Mice", and, more recently, the outro of "God Only Knows" by The Beach Boys (the first usage in contemporary pop music). | wiki-intro | 0 | 23.266479 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Snowsnaps'
Snowsnaps is a Canadian CGI–animated television | Snowsnaps is a Canadian CGI–animated television series. It is a preschool-aimed spinoff of the 2015 film Snowtime! (La Guerre des Tuques 3D), itself an animated remake of the 1984 live-action The Dog Who Stopped the War (La Guerre des Tuques) movie. Produced by Carpediem Film & TV in collaboration with the animation studio Singing Frog and broadcaster Corus Entertainment, the series premiered September 1, 2018 in Canada on Télétoon, La Chaîne Disney and Treehouse TV. Plot
For Violet, Tomas, Sami and Kiki, every aspect of life is all about fun and games! There is nothing they like more than playing outside, especially in the snow on a winter’s day. At the ripe age of six, no task is too small to turn it into a game, no feat is off-limits to try as they seamlessly jump into role-playing to follow their wild imagination! Come meet these four friends who love to laugh and have fun! | wiki-intro | 0 | 41.402794 | [
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William Rigley (24 March 1852 – 15 | William Rigley (24 March 1852 – 15 November 1912) was an English entrepreneur who founded the Scotch whisky company William Rigley & Sons.
Born in Hinckley, Leicestershire, Rigley started working as a clerk with a local brewery in his teens. In 1872, he founded his own brewery with two partners. Rigley's main product at the time was porter, but he soon developed a strong whisky business. He became one of the leading distillers in the United Kingdom and Ireland and his company became one of the largest whisky producers in the world. Rigley was also an active philanthropist and helped to fund many charitable organizations. He died in 1912 at the age of 66. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.044736 | [
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Basic finance: what should everyone know? | The statement "Finance is something all adults need to deal with but almost nobody learns in school." hurts me. However I have to disagree, as a finance student, I feel like everyone around me is sound in finance and competition in the finance market is so stiff that I have a hard time even finding a paid internship right now. I think its all about perspective from your circumstances, but back to the question. Personally, I feel that there is no one-size-fits-all financial planning rules. It is very subjective and is absolutely up to an individual regarding his financial goals. The number 1 rule I have of my own is-Do not ever spend what I do not have. Your reflected point is "Always pay off your credit card at the end of each month.", to which I ask, why not spend out of your savings? plan your grocery monies, necessary monthly expenditures, before spending on your "wants" should you have any leftovers. That way, you would not even have to pay credit every month because you don' t owe any. Secondly, when you can get the above in check, then you start thinking about saving for the rainy days (i. e. Emergency fund). This is absolutely according to each individual' s circumstance and could be regarded as say-6 months * monthly income. Start saving a portion of your monthly income until you have set up a strong emergency fund you think you will require. After you have done than, and only after, should you start thinking about investments. Personally, health > wealth any time you ask. I always advise my friends/family to secure a minimum health insurance before venturing into investments for returns. You can choose not to and start investing straight away, but should any adverse health conditions hit you, all your returns would be wiped out into paying for treatments unless you are earning disgusting amounts in investment returns. This risk increases when you are handling the bills of your family. When you stick your money into an index ETF, the most powerful tool as a retail investor would be dollar-cost-averaging and I strongly recommend you read up on it. Also, because I am not from the western part of the world, I do not have the cultural mindset that I have to move out and get into a world of debt to live on my own when I reached 18. I have to say I could not be more glad that the culture does not exist in Asian countries. I find that there is absolutely nothing wrong with living with your parents and I still am at age 24. The pressure that culture puts on teenagers is uncalled for and there are no obvious benefits to it, only unmanageable mortgage/rent payments arise from it with the entry level pay that a normal 18 year old could get. | hc3-finance | 0 | 34.422581 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Dhaka Nagar Bhaban'
Dhaka Nagar Bhaban, completed 1995, is a | Dhaka Nagar Bhaban, completed 1995, is a building that houses the government of the city of Dhaka, Bangladesh. It is home to the mayor's office and the meeting chambers and offices of the Dhaka City Corporation. The building is situated behind the Dhaka University campus. Architecture
The building was designed by A. Imamuddin and Lailun Nahar Ekram, and was completed in 1995. it is a 15-storey city hall building containing offices, a bank, meeting rooms, a museum, dining facilities, a prayer hall, the mayor's office, and public terraces. The building has huge columns and arched gateways in the entrance and at the back. The building is very symmetrical. There are two clocks at the top of the building on the north and south face. The building has a finished concrete texture, which gives the building a timeless appearance and a lower maintenance cost. The garden in front helps one to have a better view of the building. | wiki-intro | 0 | 17.94968 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Pragatinagar'
Pragatinagar is a town in Devachuli | Pragatinagar is a town in Devachuli Municipality in Nawalparasi District in the Lumbini Zone of southern Nepal. The municipality was established on 18 May 2014 by merging existing Devachuli, Dibyapuri, Pragatinagar VDCs. At the time of the 2001 Nepal census it had a population of 11,771 people living in the VDC. There are 2690 households as of June 2010 in the VDC with 100 per cent school enrollment, and birth registration. It also has the lowest level of malnutrition and one of the highest level of adult literacy (86%) in Nepal. Pragatinagar is located about 159 km west of Kathmandu. Mahabharat range can be seen on the north side along with Devchuli and Barchuli Peaks while Narayani river flows on the south side of the VDC. The area is surrounded by two khola's (Nepali: खोला) named Bahulaha Khola in the east and Lokaha Khola(River) in the west. South side is bordered with Pithauli VDC and the Narayani River. Devchuli VDC is located in the north while east of the area is Dibyapuri and west is Shivamandir VDCs, respectively. | wiki-intro | 0 | 36.601791 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Mel Gibson filmography'
Mel Gibson is an American actor, director, | Mel Gibson is an American actor, director, and producer, who made his acting debut on the Australian television drama series The Sullivans (19761983). While a student at the National Institute of Dramatic Art in Sydney, he was given an uncredited role in I Never Promised You a Rose Garden and subsequently appeared as a leading actor in the micro budget surf drama Summer City (both in 1977). Gibson rose to prominence during the Australian New Wave cinema movement in the early 1980s, having appeared in his breakthrough role in George Miller's dystopian action film Mad Max (1979), portraying the eponymous hero. He reprised the role in its sequels, Mad Max 2 (1981) and Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome (1985). He appeared in Peter Weir's war drama Gallipoli (1981) and the romantic drama The Year of Living Dangerously (1982). Five years later he played Martin Riggs in the buddy cop action comedy Lethal Weapon alongside Danny Glovera role he later reprised in its sequels Lethal Weapon 2 (1989), Lethal Weapon 3 (1992), and Lethal Weapon 4 (1998). Gibson starred in Franco Zeffirelli's Hamlet in 1990, as the eponymous character of the Shakespearean tragedy of the same name. It was the first film produced by Icon Productions, a production company he co-founded with Bruce Davey. Gibson's directorial debut was The Man Without a Face (1993), an adaptation of Isabelle Holland's novel of the same name. Two years later he directed and produced Braveheart, a historical epic drama in which he also portrayed Sir William Wallace, a 13th-century Scottish knight. The film earned him a Golden Globe Award and the Academy Award for Best Director, and the film won an Academy Award for Best Picture. Gibson went on to star in Ransom (1996), Payback (1999), What Women Want and The Patriot (both in 2000), and We Were Soldiers (2002). | wiki-intro | 0 | 10.66302 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Dendrobium maidenianum'
Dendrobium maidenianum, commonly known as the coastal | Dendrobium maidenianum, commonly known as the coastal orchid, is a species of orchid native to New South Wales and Victoria in Australia.
The coastal orchid is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and single leaf, 60–120 cm long and 10–20 cm broad. It has a reddish brown stem with light green leaves and creamy-coloured flowers which are up to 20 cm wide. The dorsal sepal is lance-shaped, the lateral sepals are linear-lanceolate, the petals are egg-shaped or lance-shaped with a pointed end, and the labellum is triangular, red with a white tip, and has a claw on its base.
The coastal orchid grows in coastal areas and near the sea. It prefers soils that are sandy or gravelly and grows in heathland, forest, and open woodland. | wiki-intro | 1 | 14.487237 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Jungle Run'
Jungle Run is a British children's television | Jungle Run is a British children's television programme that originally aired on CBBC from 13 September 1998 to 30 September 2006. The programme is set in the fictitious jungle world of Taronga Park and follows the everyday lives of the animals who live there.
The show was created by Paul Cottrill and produced by BBC Wales. It was co-produced by CBBC and TVOntario. The show's music was composed by David Arnold.
The show has been dubbed in various languages, including Dutch, German, Spanish, French and Swedish. | wiki-intro | 1 | 10.056435 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Dragon Ball: Origins'
Dragon Ball: Origins, known as in | Dragon Ball: Origins, known as in Japan, is a video game for the PlayStation 2 and the Xbox. It is the first game in the Dragon Ball series to be released in North America. The story of Dragon Ball: Origins follows the birth of Goku and his training under master Roshi.
The game was developed by Dimps, who had been working on other Dragon Ball games such as Budokai Tenkaichi 3 and Budokai Tenkaichi 4. The development team was made up of designers who had worked on games such as Soul Calibur II, Warriors Orochi, and Tekken 5.
Dragon Ball: Origins was announced at E3 2002, and was released in Japan on February 4, 2003, and in North America on October 17, 2003. It was re-released in Japan on March 12, 2009. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.11474 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Clerk of Assize'
A Clerk of Assize was a clerk | A Clerk of Assize was a clerk of the Assize Courts of England and Wales, a position which existed from at least 1285 to 1971, when the Courts Act 1971 eliminated the Assize Courts. Originally the judges' private clerks tasked with enrolling pleas, the Clerks grew into the heads of administrative departments tasked with keeping each Assize running smoothly, and at one point sat as judges in their own right. History
The first known reference to Clerks of Assize was made in 1285, when a procedural rule was created stating that justices on Assize should be accompanied by a clerk tasked with enrolling pleas. The first few sets of Assize Clerks were the private clerks of the judges themselves, but by 1380 records show that the Western Circuit had a permanent employed Clerk, Simon of Lichfield, a barrister of the Old Temple. From then onwards the position was normally filled by barristers. Although a 1541 statute prohibited a Clerk from actively practising as a barrister while serving, the position offered a chance to make connections with the Westminster judges and of power in local politics, and records show that in 1657 the Oxford Circuit clerkship, for example, changed hands for the then-massive sum of £2,575. | wiki-intro | 0 | 23.782434 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Mari Carmen Aponte'
Mari Carmen Aponte (born 1946) is an | Mari Carmen Aponte (born 1946) is an American attorney and diplomat who served as acting assistant secretary of state for Western Hemisphere affairs on May 5, 2016. She also served as U.S. ambassador to El Salvador from August 2010 until December 2011 and again from June 14, 2012, until December 2015. Before that she was serving as a member of the board of directors of Oriental Group, a major financial and banking services enterprise in Puerto Rico. President Obama also nominated her as the United States' permanent representative to the Organization of American States, but the Senate had not acted upon that nomination upon adjournment in December, 2014. Early life and education
Aponte was born in Puerto Rico and attended school in the United States. She earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science from Rosemont College, a Master of Arts in theatre from Villanova University, and a Juris Doctor from the Temple University Beasley School of Law, one of a few female law students enrolled under an affirmative action program, after serving a stint as a public school teacher. I | wiki-intro | 0 | 12.897009 | [
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Why did the tribes of say, Africa, develop less technology then the people of Europe? Do we need not all have the same intellectual potential, and could it have easily been the other way around? Explain like I' m five. | It's not accurate to say that the tribes of Africa or any other group of people have developed less technology than others. Different groups of people have developed different technologies at different times in history, and this has often been influenced by a variety of factors such as the resources available to them, the challenges they faced, and the cultural and social practices of their societies. It's also important to note that the concept of "technology" is a very broad one and can refer to anything from simple tools and machines to complex systems and processes. Different societies have developed different technologies in order to meet their needs and solve the problems they face. It's also not accurate to say that any group of people has a uniform level of intellectual potential. People are individuals and have unique abilities, strengths, and challenges. It's also not accurate to assume that the development of technology is solely determined by intellectual potential. There are many other factors that can influence the development and adoption of technology, including access to resources, cultural and social practices, and the availability of skilled workers and researchers. It's also important to recognize that the history of human civilization is complex and varied, and it's not accurate to make broad generalizations about the technological development of different groups of people. Each society has its own unique history and has contributed to the development of human knowledge and technology in its own way. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 8.662191 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Visim Nature Reserve'
Visim Nature Reserve (also Visimskiy) is | Visim Nature Reserve (also Visimskiy) is a Russian 'zapovednik' (strict nature reserve) protecting an area of southern taiga in the low Middle Ural Mountains. In 2001, it was named a UNESCO MAB Biosphere Reserve. It is named for the ancient village of Visim, which was home to the Russian writer Dmitry Mamin-Sibiryak, who wrote about rural life in the Urals. Most of the reserve is located on its western slope in the headwaters of the Sulёm River, a right tributary of the Chusovoi River, part of the vast Volga-Kama basin. Part, however is on the eastern slope in the Ob River watershed. The reserve thus straddles the Europe-Asia continental divide: water from the reserve flows into both the Caspian Sea through the Volga River, and the Kara Sea through the Ob River. The reserve is situated in the Kirovgrad District of Sverdlovsk Oblast, about 100 km northwest of Yekaterinburg. Topography
The Visim Reserve has a terrain that is mostly low mountains with conifer forests. The core reserve is roughly rectangular, 20 km across, with much larger buffer zones (where hunting and fishing are prohibited) to the north. The eastern part of the reserve is low mountains with relative heights of 250 to 300 meters, and a maximum height of 700 meters above sea level. The delineated biosphere includes the core region of Visimskiy (33,487 hectares), plus a buffer zone extending north for 46,000 hectares, and a transition zone extending for a further 100,000 hectares north. | wiki-intro | 0 | 27.083979 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Brick (song)'
"Brick" is a song by American alternative | "Brick" is a song by American alternative rock group Ben Folds Five. It was released in November 1997 as a single from their album Whatever and Ever Amen and later on Ben Folds Live. The verses were written by Ben Folds about his high school girlfriend getting an abortion, and the chorus was written by the band's drummer, Darren Jessee. "Brick" was one of Ben Folds Five's biggest hits, gaining much mainstream radio play in the USA, the UK, and Australia. Background
On the album Ben Folds Live, Folds explained: "People ask me what this song's about... I was asked about it a lot, and I didn't really wanna make a big hairy deal out of it, because I just wanted the song to speak for itself. But the song is about when I was in high school, me and my girlfriend had to get an abortion, and it was a very sad thing. And, I didn't really want to write this song from any kind of political standpoint, or make a statement. I just wanted to reflect what it feels like. So, anyone who's gone through that before, then you'll know what the song's about." | wiki-intro | 0 | 14.326362 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Robb Havassy'
Robb Havassy (born December 2, 1969 in | Robb Havassy (born December 2, 1969 in Southern California in the United States) is a painter known for his realistic depictions of women, landscapes, flowers, children and animals. When Havassy was 17, he moved to Newport Beach, California, to be closer to the ocean. He started surfing when he was about 17, although his first time on a surfboard was when he was eight in Waikiki, Hawaii, on a longboard. Early life
Before becoming an artist, from 1982–2002 Robb was an international fashion model for couturiers including Ralph Lauren, Calvin Klein, Christian Dior and Armani. He did not began his formal painting career until 1996, after he received a beginner’s art kit as a 26th birthday present. Until then, his only artistic expression was through his photographs of his travels around the world, and his painted surfboards. He was discovered by a talent scout in Newport Beach when he was 17, but didn't decide to pursue modeling until a few years later, when he contacted the talent scout, took some photos and hired an agent. | wiki-intro | 0 | 19.6984 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'William Quirke'
William Quirke (c.1896 – 5 March 1955) | William Quirke (c.1896 – 5 March 1955) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician and a senior revolutionary figure in County Tipperary during the Irish War of Independence. Early life
Born in Clonmel, he was educated at Rockwell College, County Tipperary. During the Irish War of Independence he served with the Tipperary Brigade of the Irish Republican Army (IRA) as an Intelligence Officer. He became Commanding Officer of the Second Southern Division and was arrested and interned on Spike Island but escaped. He opposed the Anglo-Irish Treaty and fought with the Anti-Treaty IRA forces. During the Irish Civil War he issued a Proclamation that if any member of his Command was executed he would have an equivalent number of leading Free State citizens executed as a result. None were executed by the Government forces as a result. At the 1923 general election he was an unsuccessful Sinn Féin candidate in the Tipperary constituency. | wiki-intro | 0 | 12.375538 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Alexis Opera House'
The Alexis Opera House is a historic | The Alexis Opera House is a historic theater building located at 101–105 N. Main St. in Alexis, Illinois. The building, which operated from 1889 until 1920, hosted traveling entertainment and community functions. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 30, 1987. History
The opera house was constructed in 1889 by William S. Weir, a Monmouth businessman who also owned the Bank of Alexis. It hosted its first show on November 1 of the same year, when the May Bretonne Company performed there. The opera house hosted traveling theatrical acts, musicians, and lecturers and advertised itself as hosting an act every three weeks. In addition, a number of civic functions were held in the building; Alexis High School held its graduation ceremony in the opera house every year until the building's closure, and numerous public meetings and community performances took place there as well. In the 1910s, religious services were also held in the building. | wiki-intro | 0 | 24.101999 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Charles Villiers Stanford'
Sir Charles Villiers Stanford (30 September 1852 – | Sir Charles Villiers Stanford (30 September 1852 – 29 March 1924) was an Irish composer, music teacher, and conductor of the late Romantic era. Born to a well-off and highly musical family in Dublin, Stanford was educated at the University of Cambridge before studying music in Leipzig and Berlin. He was instrumental in raising the status of the Cambridge University Musical Society, attracting international stars to perform with it. While still an undergraduate, Stanford was appointed organist of Trinity College, Cambridge. In 1882, aged 29, he was one of the founding professors of the Royal College of Music, where he taught composition for the rest of his life. From 1887 he was also Professor of Music at Cambridge. As a teacher, Stanford was sceptical about modernism, and based his instruction chiefly on classical principles as exemplified in the music of Brahms. Among his pupils were rising composers whose fame went on to surpass his own, such as Gustav Holst and Ralph Vaughan Williams. As a conductor, Stanford held posts with the Bach Choir and the Leeds triennial music festival. | wiki-intro | 0 | 16.937168 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Maizuru Castle Park'
was a Japanese castle located in the | was a Japanese castle located in the city of Kōfu, Yamanashi Prefecture, in the Chubu region of Japan. The site has been protected as a National Historic Site since 2019. The castle is also known as Maizuru Castle, and the present-day surroundings are called . Background
Kōfu Castle is located in the physical center of the city of Kōfu on a small hill. The city itself is located at the confluence of the Kamanashi River and the Fuefuki River. During the Sengoku Period after the local warlord Takeda Shingen seized control of the province from his father, he made Tsutsujigasaki Castle his seat. Before this time, the Kōfu area was subject to frequent flooding, and it was only through massive flood control projects which were undertaken by Takeda Shigen over a 20-year period that the area was considered inhabitable. After Shingen's death, his son Takeda Katsuyori was defeated by a coalition of the Oda clan and the Tokugawa clan in 1582. Oda Nobunaga placed his general Kawajiri Hidetaka in charge of Kai Province, but Nobunaga was assassinated only three months later and vengeful former Takeda clan retainers assassinated Kawajiri soon afterwards. The vacant province was fought over by Tokugawa Ieyasu and the Late Hōjō clan, with Ieyasu emerging victorious. However, after the 1590 Siege of Odawara, Toyotomi Hideyoshi forced Ieyasu to exchange his holdings for new territories in the Kantō region and gave Kai Province to his Kato Mitsuyasu (1537-1593). | wiki-intro | 0 | 16.630939 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Sepik virus'
Sepik virus (SEPV) is an arthropod-borne virus | Sepik virus (SEPV) is an arthropod-borne virus that was first identified in Papua New Guinea in 1992. The virus is spread through the bite of an infected arthropod, most commonly a mosquito. SEPV is a member of the genus Flavivirus, which is subfamily Flavivirinae within the family Flaviviridae. As of 2018 there is only one known case of human SEPV infection, in a patient from Papua New Guinea who developed fever and rash shortly after being bitten by an infected mosquito. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.617167 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Glacier mass balance'
Crucial to the survival of a glacier | Crucial to the survival of a glacier is its mass balance or surface mass balance (SMB), the difference between accumulation and ablation (sublimation and melting). Climate change may cause variations in both temperature and snowfall, causing changes in the surface mass balance. Changes in mass balance control a glacier's long-term behavior and are the most sensitive climate indicators on a glacier. From 1980 to 2012 the mean cumulative mass loss of glaciers reporting mass balance to the World Glacier Monitoring Service is −16 m. This includes 23 consecutive years of negative mass balances. A glacier with a sustained negative balance is out of equilibrium and will retreat, while one with a sustained positive balance is out of equilibrium and will advance. Glacier retreat results in the loss of the low elevation region of the glacier. Since higher elevations are cooler than lower ones, the disappearance of the lowest portion of the glacier reduces overall ablation, thereby increasing mass balance and potentially reestablishing equilibrium. However, if the mass balance of a significant portion of the accumulation zone of the glacier is negative, it is in disequilibrium with the local climate. Such a glacier will melt away with a continuation of this local climate.
The key symptom of a glacier in disequilibrium is thinning along the entire length of the glacier. For example, Easton Glacier (pictured below) will likely shrink to half its size, but at a slowing rate of reduction, and stabilize at that size, despite the warmer temperature, over a few decades. However, the Grinnell Glacier (pictured below) will shrink at an increasing rate until it disappears. The difference is that the upper section of Easton Glacier remains healthy and snow-covered, while even the upper section of the Grinnell Glacier is bare, melting and has thinned. Small glaciers with shallow slopes such as Grinnell Glacier are most likely to fall into disequilibrium if there is a change in the local climate. | wiki-intro | 0 | 15.676704 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Harold Standish'
Harold Edwin Standish (24 September 1919 – | Harold Edwin Standish (24 September 1919 – 15 April 1972) was a Canadian poet and novelist, best known for his 1949 novel The Golden Time and his long poem The Lake of Souls (1957). A significant Canadian modernist along with the likes of Earle Birney, Douglas LePan, and Sheila Watson, Standish was known for his experiments with literary form and skeptical views of Canadian nationalism at a time, during the 1950s and 60s, when many Canadians sought to establish a distinctive literary tradition for Canada. Largely forgotten in recent years, his work remains significant for its vivid evocations of working class life in rural Southern Ontario. Early life
Standish was born in Toronto, but shortly thereafter moved with his family to Chatham, Ontario. In an autobiographical essay in A View From the Edge (1971), Standish describes how his alcoholic father beat him and his three brothers mercilessly, leaving lifelong psychological wounds that found expression in many of Standish's poems. After leaving high school at age fourteen, Standish worked as an apprentice to a millwright, before setting off on a cross-Canada excursion by train in 1937. Settling in Vancouver for a time, Standish had trouble finding employment because of the lingering Great Depression. Returning to Ontario after the outbreak of World War II, he attempted to enlist for overseas service but was rejected because of a heart murmur. Standish instead spent the early years of the war working on tobacco farms in the area around Lake Erie, an experience that would later influence the setting of his first novel, The Golden Time. | wiki-intro | 0 | 17.50329 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Marion Rose Halpenny'
Marion Rose Halpenny is an equestrian writer | Marion Rose Halpenny is an equestrian writer, journalist and television presenter.
Halpenny was born in County Limerick, Ireland, in 1951. She is the daughter of Marion (née Galvin) and Maurice Halpenny. Her father was a racehorse trainer, and Halpenny spent much of her childhood travelling with him as he worked in training and racing around the world.
Halpenny attended the University of Limerick, where she studied English literature. She began her career as a journalist with the "Limerick Leader" newspaper, before moving to RTÉ in Dublin to work on television news programmes. She later became a presenter on the TV programme "Central Week".
In 1987, Halpenny published her first book, "The Horse's Mouth", which is about her father's career as a racehorse trainer. The book was well-received, and inspired by it she began to write other books about horse racing, including "The Luck of the Irish" (2001) and "The Racing Tale" (2003).
Halpenny has also written books about equestrianism, including "The Horsewoman's Bible" (1996) and "Training Your Horse" (2002). She has also presented programmes about equestrianism for RTÉ television.
Halpenny married John O'Sullivan in 1995. They have two children. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.940027 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Rattlesnake Annie (album)'
Rattlesnake Annie is a self-titled studio album | Rattlesnake Annie is a self-titled studio album by American singer and songwriter Rattlesnake Annie, released in 1987 on the CBS label. It reached #49 in the US country charts. Two singles were released from the album, "Callin' Your Bluff" which reached #79 in the US and #51 in the Canadian country charts, and "Somewhere South of Macon" which also reached #79 in the US country charts. The West German branch of Greenpeace adopted her song, "Goodbye to a River", as their anthem. There were two other versions released in Europe in 1983 and 1988 on the Czechoslovakian Supraphon label. When she went to Europe she recorded an LP in Czechoslovakia, appeared on East German TV, was voted #1 female country star in Scotland and was filmed by a Swiss/French crew for The Other Side of Nashville, a MGM/UA documentary. By the time she returned to the US, she was a full-blown European country star. | wiki-intro | 0 | 18.564432 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Selwyn Jepson'
Selwyn Jepson (25 November 1899 – 10 | Selwyn Jepson (25 November 1899 – 10 October 1976) was a New Zealand artist and printmaker.
Selwyn Jepson was born on 25 November 1899 in Timaru, New Zealand. He was the eldest of four children of a successful wool merchant, Richard Jepson, and his wife Sarah (née Selwyn). He attended Christchurch Boys' High School and then studied art at Canterbury College of Fine Arts from 1919 to 1922. In 1924 he moved to London, England, where he lived and worked until his death in 1976.
Jepson is best known for his paintings and prints of the rural landscape of New Zealand. He first visited New Zealand in 1923, and began painting scenes of the country in the 1930s. His work is notable for its use of colour and light to capture the natural beauty of the country. Jepson is also known for his prints, which often depict aspects of New Zealand culture or landscape. He was a member of the Society of Master Printmakers from 1957 to 1971. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.066668 | [
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The Upshot is a website published by | The Upshot is a website published by The New York Times which spreads articles combining data visualization with conventional journalistic analysis of news. History
The Upshot was first announced in March 2014 and was officially launched on April 22, 2014. Steve Duenes, a graphics director at the New York Times, won a newsroom contest by coming up with the name "The Upshot". The site started with fifteen full-time staff, including founding editor David Leonhardt. Because The Upshot was launched soon after Nate Silver and FiveThirtyEight left the Times, it was widely described as a planned replacement for FiveThirtyEight and Silver. However, Leonhardt stated in an April 2014 interview that The Upshot was not intended to replace Silver. In 2014, The Upshot produced two of the twenty most-read stories on the Times website, and it was responsible for 5% of the paper's web traffic in October of that year. Also in 2014, the site was a finalist for an Online Journalism Award in the category "Online Commentary, Large Newsroom", but it lost to NPRs Code Switch. In 2016, Amanda Cox, who had been a founding member of The Upshot, replaced Leonhardt as its editor. | wiki-intro | 0 | 17.382057 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Sigurd Slembe (trilogy)'
Sigurd Slembe (Sigurd the Bastard; slembe may | Sigurd Slembe (Sigurd the Bastard; slembe may also be translated as "worthless" or "ill-disposed") is a trilogy of plays written by the Norwegian playwright Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson and published in 1862. It is regarded as his finest historical drama and was influenced by the works of William Shakespeare and Friedrich Schiller. It directly influenced Henrik Ibsen's The Pretenders, written the following year, which explores some similar themes. In contrast to Ibsen's attempts to create a historical setting through artificially archaic language, Bjørnson's trilogy used contemporary language. The success of this approach seems to have prompted Ibsen to adopt a similarly modernistic approach to his later history plays. The trilogy is based on the history of the real Sigurd Slembe, a 12th-century pretender to the Norwegian throne, whose story was told in the medieval kings' sagas Heimskringla, Fagrskinna, and Morkinskinna. The first part of the trilogy takes some liberties with the historical account, but the other parts follow the sagas. The plays have been performed occasionally, notably at the inauguration of the National Theatre in Oslo in 1899. They were first performed in their entirety in Meiningen, Germany, in 1869, but it was not until 1885 that the trilogy was performed in Norway, in Oslo's Christiania Theatre. | wiki-intro | 0 | 20.162611 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Yeon Jung-hoon'
Yeon Jung-hoon (born November 6, 1978) is | Yeon Jung-hoon (born November 6, 1978) is a South Korean actor. He is best known for his roles in the television series My Love From the Star (2011), and The Heirs (2013).
Yeon was born in Jeonju, Gangwon Province. After graduating from high school, he studied at the Korea National University of Arts. In 2001, Yeon made his acting debut in the short film "The Letter". In 2002, he starred in the television series "The Chaser". In 2006, he starred in the television series "My Love from the Star". Yeon received widespread critical acclaim for his performance as a disabled artist who falls in love with a female pop singer. The show became a hit and earned Yeon several awards, including Best New Actor at the SBS Drama Awards and Best Actor at the Baeksang Arts Awards. Yeon reprised his role as Hae-young in the 2013 sequel series "The Heirs".
In 2016, Yeon starred in the web drama "What's Wrong with Secretary Kim?" In 2018, he starred in the web drama "Dr. Jin". | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.641832 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Coolmeen GAA'
Coolmeen GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association | Coolmeen GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in Coolmeen, County Laois, Ireland. The club fields teams in football and hurling.
The club was founded in 1951 and played its first competitive match in 1952. The club has won the Laois Senior Hurling Championship on three occasions, most recently in 2004. In football, the club has won the Laois Intermediate Football Championship twice (1995 and 2007) and the Laois Junior Football Championship once (1998). | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.07355 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Blackmail (1973 film)'
Blackmail is a 1973 Bollywood thriller film | Blackmail is a 1973 Bollywood thriller film directed by Vijay Anand. The film stars Dharmendra, Raakhee, Madan Puri, and Shatrughan Sinha. Many critics consider it one of Vijay Anand's underrated works. Plot
Professor Ramakant Khurana (Madan Puri) , an eccentric scientist, discovers a formula to generate electricity from sunlight. This discovery makes him very popular, and his formula very much in demand, while local businessman, Mr. Mehta (Iftekhar), feels threatened – as this may means losses and eventual bankruptcy. Mehta and his associate, Jeevan (Shatrughan Sinha), who is also his daughter, Asha's (Raakhee) sweetheart, conceive a plan to get Asha married to Dr. Khurana's nephew, Kailash Gupta (Dharmendra); inherit part of the estate as well as the business along with the formula; and thereby eliminate their potential bankruptcy. Their only problem is Asha, who may not cooperate, so a drama is arranged between Jeevan and her, which leads to Jeevan backing away from any marriage plans and going to settle in Europe. Asha thus agrees to marry Kailash, who has fallen head over heels in love with her. The marriage takes place, but there are misunderstandings in their lives on the very first night as Kailash feels that Asha is hiding something from him, and secretly meeting someone during odd hours of the night. The person turns out to be Jeevan who now blackmails Asha with some of her illicit photographs he took in past without her knowing about it. Jeevan demands that Asha gives him blueprint of the Professor Khurana's new found discovery. Things get bitter between Kailash and Asha as Kailash suspects Asha is cheating on him. Asha unable tio help herself, discloses everything to Professor Khurana who tricks Jeevan and solves issue between Kailash and Asha. However, Jeevan realizing he was tricked, kidnaps Asha and asks for the blueprint/formulae as ransome. Kailash confronts Jeevan and duo engage in a fight. Jeevan realizing his mistake commits suicide. The couple reunite as the police arrives. | wiki-intro | 0 | 22.388174 | [
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Trocadéro is a station on Line | Trocadéro is a station on Line 6 and Line 9 of the Paris Métro in the 16th arrondissement. It serves and is named after the Place du Trocadéro. History
The station opened on 2 October 1900 as a branch of Line 1 from Étoile to Trocadéro. On 5 November 1903, the line was extended to Passy; the line from Étoile to Trocadéro and Passy became known as Line 2 South as part of a planned ring line around central Paris to be built under or over the boulevards built in place of the demolished Wall of the Farmers-General; this circle is now operated as two lines: 2 and 6. On 14 October 1907, the line from Étoile to Trocadéro, Place d'Italie and Gare du Nord became part of line 5. On 6 October 1942 the section of line 5 from Étoile to Trocadéro and Place d'Italie was transferred to Line 6. The Line 9 platforms opened on 8 November 1922 as part of the first section of the line from Trocadéro to Exelmans. | wiki-intro | 0 | 18.19685 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Acronicta rumicis'
Acronicta rumicis, the knot grass moth, is | Acronicta rumicis, the knot grass moth, is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found in North America, from southern Ontario and Quebec south to Florida and west to Texas.
This species has a wingspan of 21-27 mm. Adults are on wing from May to October in two generations per year.
The larvae feed on various Asteraceae species, including field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis), red bindweed (Convolvulus rubra), and creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens). | wiki-intro | 1 | 12.221967 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Vassfaret'
Vassfaret is a forested mountain valley in | Vassfaret is a forested mountain valley in the municipality of Lillehammer, in Sør-Trøndelag county, Norway. The valley stretches from the mountain slopes of Holmenkollen to the valley of Gudbrandsdalen. It is traversed by the European route E6 highway.
The valley is a popular tourist destination, with a number of alpine ski resorts located in its upper reaches. The valley was extensively used as a filming location for the 1994 Winter Olympics and for the scenes of the 2010 movie The Hurt Locker. | wiki-intro | 1 | 13.644917 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Saladin Ahmed'
Saladin Ahmed (born October 4, 1975) is | Saladin Ahmed (born October 4, 1975) is an Eisner Award winning American comic book and science fiction and fantasy writer. His 2012 book Throne of the Crescent Moon was nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Novel and won the Locus Award for Best First Novel. He has also been a finalist for the John W. Campbell Award, the Nebula Award for Best Novel and the Nebula Award for Best Short Story. Ahmed's fiction has been published in anthologies and magazines including Strange Horizons, Orson Scott Card's InterGalactic Medicine Show, Clockwork Phoenix 2 and Beneath Ceaseless Skies. He is also the writer of Black Bolt, Exiles and Miles Morales: Spider-Man from Marvel Comics. Personal life
Ahmed was born in 1975 in Detroit, Michigan to parents of Lebanese, Egyptian, Irish, and Polish descent. His father, Ismael Ahmed, formerly in the merchant marine, worked both in a factory and as a community organizer. His mother was a political activist. | wiki-intro | 0 | 10.849164 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Hydraulic Press Channel'
The Hydraulic Press Channel (HPC) is a | The Hydraulic Press Channel (HPC) is a production line for the production of large-diameter tubes, such as those used in the oil and gas industry. The HPC is capable of producing tubes with diameters up to 110 meters.
The Hydraulic Press Channel was originally developed in the 1960s by a Dutch company, Vickers, as a way to produce large diameter tubes for the oil and gas industry. Today, the HPC is a highly- automated production line that is used to produce tubes with diameters up to 110 meters.
The HPC is a continuous production line that uses a series of hydraulic presses to stamp out large diameter tubes. The tubes are then cut into their desired lengths and shipped off to their respective destinations.
The HPC is a highly- automated production line that is used to produce tubes with diameters up to 110 meters. The tube production process begins with the passing of a die through a series of press dies that create the various tube sizes. The die then passes through an extrusion head that creates the tube’s final dimensions.
The HPC then moves on to the tube cutting process. This process involves the use of several cutting machines that cut the tubes into their desired lengths. Finally, the tubes are shipped off to their respective destinations. | wiki-intro | 1 | 10.529294 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Crystal Beach Hill'
Crystal Beach Hill is a geologically old | Crystal Beach Hill is a geologically old hill located in Crystal Beach, New York. The hill is composed of quartz and feldspar which makes it easy to see from a great distance. There are a few trails that wind their way up the hill, providing hikers with an enjoyable and scenic experience. | wiki-intro | 1 | 12.691672 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'All-Trac'
All-Trac was a proprietary full-time four-wheel drive | All-Trac was a proprietary full-time four-wheel drive system used on a variety of Toyota badged models from 1988 to 2000. It was considered a revolutionary advance for four wheel drive automobiles into the mainstream consumer market and its electronic/vacuum controlled locking center differential was rare in a passenger car. The system originated in Japan under the GT-Four name in 1986, but was not released in the U.S. until 1988 under the All-Trac name. Technical information
The All-Trac system had five main parts: the front differential, rear differential, center differential, the transmission, and the transfer case. The transmission, front differential, center differential and transfer case are all one large assembly and are connected to the transversely mounted engine. The transmission bell housing, front differential and center differential can be separated from the transfer case sub assembly. The transmission output shaft feeds power into the front/center differential assembly (the center differential is contained within the front differential). The center differential applied equal torque to both the front and rear wheels. | wiki-intro | 0 | 16.771461 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Chevrolet Cruze'
The Chevrolet Cruze is a compact car | The Chevrolet Cruze is a compact car manufactured by Chevrolet. It is the fifth generation of the Chevrolet Cruze and was first introduced in 2010.
The Cruze was redesigned for the 2011 model year and again for the 2015 model year. For the 2019 model year, the Cruze received a major update, with a new design, engines, and transmissions.
The Cruze is available in three trim levels: Base, LT, and Premier. The Base model features an 1.4L Turbocharged engine with 60 hp (45 kW), while the Premier features a 1.6L Turbocharged engine with 80 hp (55 kW). The LT trim level features a 2.0L Turbocharged engine with 110 hp (75 kW). The Cruze comes standard with an eight-speed automatic transmission, but is available with a six-speed manual transmission as an option.
The Cruze has received mostly positive reviews from automotive journalists. Its fuel economy has been praised for its good fuel economy in both city and highway driving. Its handling has also been praised for its nimble feel and ability to handle curvy roads well. Some reviewers have complained about its ride quality, citing it as being too stiff or harsh. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.794526 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Renee Bornstein'
Renee Bornstein (née Koenig) is a | Renee Bornstein (née Koenig) is a transgender author, speaker, and advocate. She is the author of the memoir My Life As a Woman, published in 2015. Bornstein is also a contributing editor at Out magazine and a regular on the television show Real Life with Dr. Drew.
Renee Koenig was born on November 26, 1963, in the Bronx, New York City. Koenig was assigned male at birth and began transitioning to female in the early 1990s. Koenig married her longtime partner, David Bornstein, in 2003. The couple has two children.
Koenig has been an outspoken advocate for transgender rights and has written about her experiences for various magazines and newspapers. In 2015, she published My Life As a Woman, an autobiographical book about her transition from male to female. The book received positive reviews from LGBT publications and was named one of the best books of the year by The Advocate, Out Magazine, and Refinery29. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.413851 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Simin Saberi'
Simin Saberi (, also transliterated as Símín | Simin Saberi (, also transliterated as Símín Sábirí; March 2, 1959 – June 18, 1983) was one of the victims of the Baháʼí community in Iran, who was sentenced to death by the Islamic Revolutionary Court for her beliefs and faith as a Baháʼí. At the age of 24, she was hanged by the Islamic Republic of Iran along with 9 other Baháʼí women in the Chogan Square of Shiraz. She has been characterised as 'one of the most fearless' of this group. Biography
Saberi was born on March 2, 1959 to a Baháʼí Faith family in Deh Bid Village in the city of Deh Bid, Arsanjan of Fars Province. Their house was located 2 kilometers from Marvdasht. Her father, Hossein, was from a Muslim background but had adopted the Baha'i faith. Her mother, Tavoos Pompusian, Hossein's second wife, was from a Jewish background but her parents had become Baha'is. As well as two half-brothers and four half-sisters by Hossein's first marriage, Saberi was the youngest of Hossein's five children by Tavoos. Like her parents, she believed in the Baháʼí Faith. After finishing high school and receiving her diploma, she was employed by Marvdasht Agricultural Company due to her skills. | wiki-intro | 0 | 23.302223 | [
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Is issuer' s bank allowed to charge fee when cashing check? | Some banks charge their own customers if they make use of a teller. That is what you are doing. You are going to a bank where you are not a customer and requesting a transaction that requires a teller. If you cash the check by going though your bank, the issuer' s bank only handles it as a non-teller transaction. | hc3-finance | 0 | 16.550751 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Halos'
Halos (, also appearing as ὁ Ἅλος | Halos (, also appearing as ὁ Ἅλος, halsos, plural Ἅλοι) are a class of celestial objects consisting of a bright ring around a body, such as the sun or planet, which may be either temporary or permanent.
Halos are most commonly seen with planets, but may also be seen with stars and even comets. They are most commonly observed in the morning and evening sky, but may also be seen at other times of the day.
Halos typically appear as a circular or elliptical disc around the object they surround, but they can also be more complex, such as with multiple concentric rings. They can vary in size from very small, such as those around the sun, to huge ones seen around some stars.
The word "halo" is derived from the Ancient Greek word Ἅλος (halsos), meaning "ring". | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.561733 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Quantum Markov semigroup'
In quantum mechanics, a quantum Markov semigroup | In quantum mechanics, a quantum Markov semigroup (QMS) is a mathematical structure that generalizes the notion of a Markov chain. The QMS is a probabilistic automaton which can be in one of two states, and transitions between these states according to a probability distribution. In other words, it is a model of a system which can be in one of many different states, but which only ever occupies a certain finite set of those states.
The QMS has many important applications in quantum mechanics, including the study of quantum ergodicity and the dynamics of interacting particles. It has also been used to investigate the foundations of quantum information theory. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.609181 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Gladys Swain'
Gladys Swain (1945–1993) was a French psychiatrist | Gladys Swain (1945–1993) was a French psychiatrist who is remembered today for her books about the history of Psychiatry and her critique of the views of Michel Foucault on the changing attitudes towards madness in western civilization. Swain's best known works are Le subject de la folie (1977), Dialogue avec l'insensé (1994), and Le vrai Charcot (1997), the last two co-authored with Marcel Gauchet. Her disagreements with Foucault are on two levels. On a factual level she provides new information about the beginnings of psychiatry in France through the efforts of Pinel and his followers which Foucault was apparently unaware of. On a philosophical level she takes issue with Foucault’s view that the locking up of the insane in asylums after about 1800 was caused by a growing intolerance of what is strange or different. While agreeing that in the Middle Ages the insane were accepted as part of society and free to wander about, she attributes the creation of the first asylums to the discovery that the insane were not mindless or controlled by outside forces, but were full human beings whose problems could perhaps be understood and mitigated. She does agree that the first efforts to do so were harsh and clumsy, but denies they were aimed purely at repression, as Foucault thought. | wiki-intro | 0 | 23.727518 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Cameron Norman'
Cameron Pearce Norman (born 12 October 1995) | Cameron Pearce Norman (born 12 October 1995) is an English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Championship club Leeds United.
Cameron Norman was born in Leeds, West Yorkshire on 12 October 1995. He started his career at Leeds United, signing a professional contract in February 2014. Norman made his first-team debut in the FA Cup against Norwich City on 21 September 2014, coming on as a substitute in the 85th minute.
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Yvonne Khamati'
Yvonne Khamati (born c. 1982), is a | Yvonne Khamati (born c. 1982), is a Kenyan politician that was nominated to the East African Legislative Assembly as Member of Parliament by Ford Kenya Party (and the Kenya National Assembly) aged 21 and a diplomat who was appointed by President Mwai Kibaki to serve as Ambassador and Deputy Permanent Representative to Ethiopia and African Union at 24. She has served in the past, as the Chair of the Committee of Permanent Representatives and Rapporteur of the African Diplomatic Corp, in the Kenyan Ministry of Foreign Affairs. She has worked in various missions. As of November 2018, she served as the deputy ambassador of Kenya at the Kenyan Embassy in Mogadishu, the capital city of Somalia. She is currently the C.E.O of the Kenya National Heroes Council, a parastatal under the Ministry of Sports, Culture and Heritage Background and education
Khamati was born in Nairobi, Kenya, circa 1982. After attending elementary school in Kenya, she joined Stretford Grammar School, in Manchester, United Kingdom, where she completed her O-Level studies in 1998. In 1999 she returned to Kenya and joined Peponi High School, where she completed her A-Level schooling in 2001. | wiki-intro | 0 | 19.057522 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Bill Godwin'
Brigadier W. A. "Bill" Godwin was a | Brigadier W. A. "Bill" Godwin was a Rhodesian army officer. He served with the Rhodesian African Rifles (RAR) during the British colonial era and was mentioned in despatches for service during the Malayan Emergency. After Rhodesia's 1965 unilateral declaration of independence from Britain Godwin remained with the RAR, rising to command its 1st battalion. By 1972 Godwin had reached the rank of brigadier and commanded Rhodesia's 2nd Brigade. He had retired by 1975 but was brought back to help establish Guard Force, a new armed service that provided security to the protected villages. The unit disbanded after the 1980 transition to black-majority government (as Zimbabwe). Rhodesian African Rifles
Bill Godwin served as an officer in the Rhodesian African Rifles (RAR) during the period when Rhodesia was a British colony. He was deployed to Malaya during the Emergency and was mentioned in despatches for his service as a temporary major in late 1957. Godwin later thought his enlisted men, who were black, performed well in Malaya. He noted "they would see things to which we Europeans were simply not attuned. Most of them were reasonably good trackers and some were brilliant". He later rose to command the regiment's 1st battalion. | wiki-intro | 0 | 28.16975 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Infant crying'
Infant crying is the crying of infants | Infant crying is the crying of infants as a response to an internal or external stimulus. Infants cry as a form of basic instinctive communication. Essentially, newborns are transitioning from life in the womb to the external environment. Up to 27% of parents describe problems with infant crying in the first four months. Up to 38% identify a problem with their infant crying within the first year. Parents can be concerned about the amount of time that their infant cries, how the infant can be consoled, and disrupted sleeping patterns. Colic is used as a synonym for excessive crying of infants, even though colic may not be the cause of excessive crying. Physiology
Crying may elicit the Valsalva reflex. This reflex negatively impacts sucking pressures and results in poor feeding. The cortisol levels will rise along with blood pressure. Increased blood pressure will have an effect on cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood flow velocity and intracranial pressure. Increased pressures and velocity can lead to intracranial hemorrhage. Prolonged exhalation may also cause some adverse effects. Obstructed venous return and quick inspiratory gasp can occur. Foramen ovale shunting can occur. Adults can often determine whether an infant's cries signify anger or pain. Most parents also have a better ability to distinguish their own infant's cries than those of a different child. Babies mimic their parents' pitch contour. French infants wail on a rising note while German infants favor a falling melody. Overstimulation may be a contributing factor to infant crying and that periods of active crying might serve the purpose of discharging overstimulation and helping the baby’s nervous system regain homeostasis. | wiki-intro | 0 | 24.175051 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Ottoman Navy'
The Ottoman Navy ( or ), also | The Ottoman Navy ( or ), also known as the Turkish Navy or Ottoman Naval Force (Turkish: Osmanlı Navalı), was the naval force of the Ottoman Empire. The navy was established in the early 14th century and served as the primary naval force of the Ottoman state for over five centuries. The Ottomans were one of the most powerful maritime empires of their time, and their naval power was instrumental in maintaining their hegemony in the Mediterranean Sea.
During its long history, the navy experienced many ups and downs, but it remained a potent force in Turkish and international politics throughout its tenure. At its peak, during the late 16th and early 17th centuries, the Ottoman Navy was the second largest navy in the world, after the Spanish Navy. However, during the 18th century it began to decline due to political instability and technological advancements by rival European powers. By the end of World War I, the Ottoman Navy had been reduced to a shadow of its former self, and it ceased to exist following the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923.
The modern Turkish Navy traces its origins to the establishment of the Ottoman Naval Force in 1453 by Mehmed II. During its early years, the navy was small and poorly equipped, but it underwent a rapid expansion during the reigns of Suleiman I and Selim I. By 1517, Ottoman naval power had reached its zenith under Suleiman I, who had established a strong maritime empire that extended from Hungary to Arabia. However | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.473057 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on '1988 Lancang–Gengma earthquakes'
The 1988 Lancang–Gengma earthquakes (simplified Chinese: 澜沧江－耿马地震; | The 1988 Lancang–Gengma earthquakes (simplified Chinese: 澜沧江－耿马地震; traditional Chinese: 澜沧江－賈馬地震; pinyin: Bōyángjiāng－Xiómǎ Dìshè) were a series of devastating earthquakes that struck the Yunnan province of China on October 23, 1988. The earthquake killed at least 10,000 people and injured over 50,000. It was the fourth-largest earthquake in recorded history, and caused significant damage in the provinces of Yunnan and Sichuan. | wiki-intro | 1 | 10.277666 | [
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can someone explain how sports betting works? What is a spread? Moneyline? Total? Explain like I' m five. | Sure! Sports betting is a way to gamble on the outcome of a sporting event. You can bet on which team you think will win, or on other aspects of the game, like the final score.\n\nA spread is a number that represents the difference in expected scores between two teams. For example, if Team A is expected to score 10 points and Team B is expected to score 20 points, the spread might be "Team A +10." This means that if you bet on Team A and they win, or if they lose by fewer than 10 points, you win your bet. If you bet on Team B and they win by more than 10 points, you win your bet.\n\nA moneyline is a type of bet where you pick which team you think will win the game, without any point spread. The odds on a moneyline bet are usually shown as a positive or negative number. A positive number means that team is the underdog (less likely to win), and the number represents how much money you can win if you bet $100. For example, a moneyline of +200 means you can win $200 if you bet $100 and the team wins. A negative number means that team is the favorite (more likely to win), and the number represents how much money you need to bet to win $100. For example, a moneyline of -200 means you need to bet $200 to win $100 if the team wins.\n\nA total is a bet on the combined final score of a game. You can bet on whether the total score will be over or under a certain number. For example, if the total is set at 50 points, you can bet on whether the combined final score of the two teams will be over 50 points (an "over" bet) or under 50 points (an "under" bet). | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 6.167356 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Tucumán amazon'
The Tucumán amazon (Amazona tucumana), also known | The Tucumán amazon (Amazona tucumana), also known as the Talavera amazon, is a bird in the parrot family. It is found in central and south-central Argentina and south-western Brazil.
The Tucumán amazon is a small, 23 to 28 cm long, greenish-yellow bird with a red crown and a yellow throat. The male has a browner back and wings, while the female is duller overall. Both sexes have a black head with a green cere, red legs and black claws. Juveniles are similar to the females but have a brighter cere and yellow legs. The Tucumán amazon feeds on insects, fruit and nectar. | wiki-intro | 1 | 12.880139 | [
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The New Youtube Rules About AdSense that has tubers leaving As short as possible also a bonus. Please explain like I' m five. | I'm sorry, but I'm not able to provide information about the current state of YouTube or its policies, as my training data only goes up until 2021 and I am not able to browse the internet or access any updated information. However, in general, AdSense is a program run by Google that allows website owners and content creators to earn money by displaying ads on their sites or videos. If a YouTube creator is enrolled in the AdSense program, they can earn money from ads that are shown on their videos. It's possible that YouTube has made changes to its policies or requirements for creators to be eligible for the AdSense program, but without more specific information, I am not able to provide further details. It's always a good idea for creators to stay up-to-date with YouTube's policies and guidelines to ensure that their content complies with the platform's rules and to avoid any potential issues. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 8.592596 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Social identity theory'
Social identity is the portion of an | Social identity is the portion of an individual's self-concept derived from perceived membership in a relevant social group. As originally formulated by social psychologists Henri Tajfel and John Turner in the 1970s and the 1980s, social identity theory introduced the concept of a social identity as a way in which to explain intergroup behaviour. Social identity theory is described as a theory that predicts certain intergroup behaviours on the basis of perceived group status differences, the perceived legitimacy and stability of those status differences, and the perceived ability to move from one group to another. This contrasts with occasions where the term "social identity theory" is used to refer to general theorizing about human social selves. Moreover, and although some researchers have treated it as such, social identity theory was never intended to be a general theory of social categorization. It was awareness of the limited scope of social identity theory that led John Turner and colleagues to develop a cousin theory in the form of self-categorization theory, which built on the insights of social identity theory to produce a more general account of self and group processes. | wiki-intro | 0 | 13.121854 | [
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