id
stringclasses 1
value | query
stringclasses 1
value | answer
stringclasses 1
value |
|---|---|---|
PubmedSumm_five_shot0 | ***TASK***
the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences
***INPUT***
the input is a biomedical literature
***OUTPUT***
the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences
***EXAMPLES***
***INPUT***
acute myeloid leukemias ( aml ) , stratified into different risk categories based on cytogenetic and biomolecular analysis , respond differently to therapeutic interventions implemented for curative intent .
overall , most aml patients have complete remission but 40% commonly relapse during the first three years .
it occurs most often in the bone marrow ( bm ) but central nervous system ( cns ) involvement is not rare as its incidence ranges between 2% and 9% .
cns leukemia can present as meningeal leukemia , cranial nerve palsies or cerebral mesenchymal myeloid sarcoma .
peripheral neuropathy may also be a puzzling manifestation as it is a common complaint in clinical practice with a very wide differential diagnosis .
we report the case of an otherwise healthy 69 year - old female patient that presented to our department for a new onset of persistent disabling fatigue and 10% weight loss over two months .
she had no prior medical problems and did not
***OUTPUT***
central nervous system ( cns ) relapse is not a rare presentation in acute myeloid leukemia ( aml ) as its incidence ranges between 2% and 9% .
it manifests with meningeal leukemia , cranial nerve palsies or cerebral mesenchymal myeloid sarcoma .
we herein report the case of a 69 year - old female that presented a pseudo - guillain barr syndrome masking an aml cns relapse .
her symptoms completely resolved upon administration of a tailored treatment .
this case suggests that puzzling neurological manifestations in patients with a history of aml should be considered as a cns recurrence and investigated accordingly even in the context of normal imaging findings .
***INPUT***
a supernumerary tooth is a development anomaly of number characterized by the presence of tooth in addition to the normal series .
its prevalence rates of reported in the literature vary between 0.1% and 3.6% in the permanent dentition depending on the respective population .
supernumerary teeth can occur as singles , multiples , unilaterally , or bilaterally and in the maxilla , the mandible , or both . according to alberti ,
only 25% of all mesiodentes spontaneously erupt into the oral cavity . in general , they remain impacted and asymptomatic ; and are commonly discovered during the routine radiographic examination .
there are several hypotheses which have been proposed to explain the occurrence of supernumerary teeth , and their etiology remains unclear . a combination of environmental and genetic factors has been proposed to explain supernumerary tooth occurrence
. a range of complications varying from crowding to cyst formation can be caused by supernumerary tooth .
several studies have applied cone - beam computed tomography ( cbct ) to accurately diagnose supernumerary teeth with
***OUTPUT***
supernumerary teeth are extra teeth or toothlike structures which may have either erupted or unerupted in addition to the 20 deciduous teeth and the 32 permanent teeth .
mesiodens is one of these located in the midline between the two central incisors .
their presence may give rise to a variety of clinical problems .
this paper describes a rare case of palatal placed , inverted and impacted mesiodens associated to two supernumerary teeth which were detected during a radiographic examination for delayed eruption of permanent central incisors in the case of a healthy 8-year - old girl monitored at the oral surgery service while discussing the usefulness of cone beam computed tomography for accurate diagnosis and management .
***INPUT***
None
***OUTPUT***
this paper attempts to clarify the nature of chemical sensitivity by proposing a theory of disease that unites the disparate clinical observations associated with the condition .
sensitivity to chemicals appears to be the consequence of a two - step process : loss of tolerance in susceptible persons following exposure to various toxicants , and subsequent triggering of symptoms by extremely small quantities of previously tolerated chemicals , drugs , foods , and food and drug combinations including caffeine and alcohol .
although chemical sensitivity may be the consequence of this process , a term that may more clearly describe the observed process is toxicant - induced loss of tolerance .
features of this yet - to - be - proven mechanism or theory of disease that affect the design of human exposure studies include the stimulatory and withdrawallike nature ( resembling addiction ) of symptoms reported by patients and masking . masking , which may blunt or eliminate responses to chemical challenges , appears to have several components : apposition , which is the overlapping of the effects of closely timed exposures , acclimatization or habituation , and addiction .
a number of human challenge studies
***INPUT***
selective laser trabeculoplasty ( slt ) works just as well in iop - lowering as anti - glaucoma medication and argon laser trabeculoplasty ( alt ) but only utilizing 1% of the energy in alt hence making it a safer treatment for open angle glaucoma . while slt is safe and almost free of permanent damages to the trabecular meshwork and cornea , not everyone that is being treated responds .
recently , in a series of 83 eyes , slt was found to be effective in normal tension glaucoma ( ntg ) , lowering the iop by an additional 20% from pre - slt levels with 27% less medication use at 6 months while maintaining a 30% reduction from baseline iop .
much work has been done to identify the factors that predict slt success including : an absence of iop - lowering medication prior to laser and a higher pre - slt iop .
conflicting results have been reported for angle pigmentation , while other factors like diabetes , central corneal
***OUTPUT***
abstractto determine the predictors of success for selective laser trabeculoplasty ( slt ) in normal tension glaucoma ( ntg).this prospective cohort study recruited subjects with unilateral or bilateral ntg on medication .
all subjects received a single session of 360 slt treatment .
slt success was defined as iop reduction 20% at 1-month .
the following covariates were analyzed via univariate and multivariate analyses : age ; sex ; lens status ; presenting , pre - slt , and post - slt iop 's ; number and type of medications ; slt shots and energy ; and pre - slt investigations.in 60 eyes of 32 subjects with ntg , there were 30 right eyes and 28 left eyes .
the success rate of slt was 61.7% . using 3 types of anti - glaucoma medications ( coefficient = 2.2 , or = 0.1 ,
p = 0.02
***INPUT***
it is composed of cement and other cementitious materials such as fly ash and slag cement , aggregates ( e.g. , gravels , crushed rock , and sand ) , water , and chemical admixture .
200 kg cm ) , as the aggregates efficiently carry the compressive load . however , it is weak in its resistance to tension .
reinforced concrete is made by adding steel bars , steel fibers , glass fibers , or plastic fibers to concrete , in order to improve its tensile strength .
admixtures are materials that are added to give certain characteristics not obtainable with plain concrete mixes
. they may help speed up or slow down the hydration of concrete and improve durability of concrete and plasticity or workability of fresh concrete .
since many reactions occur in concrete , some reactions are not desirable , especially the alkali - silica reaction ( asr ) .
asr is the neutralization reaction between alkaline cement paste and reactive noncrystalline ( amorphous ) silica , which is found in many common aggregates .
***OUTPUT***
a simple flow injection with flame photometric detection has been developed for determination of sodium , potassium , and total alkalies in portland cement , fly ash , admixtures , and water of concrete . a liquid sample or a digest of solid sample
was injected into a water carrier stream which flowed to a flame photometer . a change in emission intensity at a selected wavelength
was recorded as a peak .
an amplifier circuit was fabricated , which helped improve sensitivity of the flame photometer .
calibration graphs in the range of 0.051.0 mg l1 and 1.020.0 mg l1 were obtained with a detection limit of 0.02 mg l1 , for both potassium and sodium determination .
relative standard deviations for 11 replicates of injecting of 10 mg l1 potassium and sodium solutions were 1.69 and 1.79% , respectively .
sample throughput of 120 h1 was achieved .
the
***INPUT***
anxiety affects quality of life in those living with parkinson 's disease ( pd ) more so than overall cognitive status , motor deficits , apathy , and depression [ 13 ] .
although anxiety and depression are often related and coexist in pd patients , recent research suggests that anxiety rather than depression is the most prominent and prevalent mood disorder in pd [ 5 , 6 ] . yet ,
our current understanding of anxiety and its impact on cognition in pd , as well as its neural basis and best treatment practices , remains meager and lags far behind that of depression .
overall , neuropsychiatric symptoms in pd have been shown to be negatively associated with cognitive performance .
for example , higher depression scores have been correlated with lower scores on the mini - mental state exam ( mmse ) [ 8 , 9 ] as well as tests of memory and executive functions ( e.g. , attention ) [ 1014 ] .
likewise , apathy and anhedonia in pd patients have been associated with executive dysfunction [ 10 , 1
***OUTPUT***
| research on the implications of anxiety in parkinson 's disease ( pd ) has been neglected despite its prevalence in nearly 50% of patients and its negative impact on quality of life .
previous reports have noted that neuropsychiatric symptoms impair cognitive performance in pd patients ; however , to date , no study has directly compared pd patients with and without anxiety to examine the impact of anxiety on cognitive impairments in pd .
this study compared cognitive performance across 50 pd participants with and without anxiety ( 17 pda+ ; 33 pda ) , who underwent neurological and neuropsychological assessment .
group performance was compared across the following cognitive domains : simple attention / visuomotor processing speed , executive function ( e.g. , set - shifting ) , working memory , language , and memory / new verbal learning .
results showed that pda+ performed significantly worse on the digit span forward and backward test and part b of the trail making task ( tmt - b ) compared to the pda group .
there were no group differences in verbal fluency , logical memory , or tmt - a performance . in conclusion ,
anxiety in pd has a measurable impact on working memory and attentional set - shifting . |
- Downloads last month
- 21