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7,461,293,048,740 | /* Map in a shared object's segments from the file.
Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of the GNU C Library.
The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as
published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
License, or (at your option) any later version.
The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
Library General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
License along with the GNU C Library; see the file COPYING.LIB. If not,
write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. */
#include <elf.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <elf/ldsodefs.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include "dynamic-link.h"
#include <stdio-common/_itoa.h>
#include <dl-dst.h>
/* On some systems, no flag bits are given to specify file mapping. */
#ifndef MAP_FILE
# define MAP_FILE 0
#endif
/* The right way to map in the shared library files is MAP_COPY, which
makes a virtual copy of the data at the time of the mmap call; this
guarantees the mapped pages will be consistent even if the file is
overwritten. Some losing VM systems like Linux's lack MAP_COPY. All we
get is MAP_PRIVATE, which copies each page when it is modified; this
means if the file is overwritten, we may at some point get some pages
from the new version after starting with pages from the old version. */
#ifndef MAP_COPY
# define MAP_COPY MAP_PRIVATE
#endif
/* Some systems link their relocatable objects for another base address
than 0. We want to know the base address for these such that we can
subtract this address from the segment addresses during mapping.
This results in a more efficient address space usage. Defaults to
zero for almost all systems. */
#ifndef MAP_BASE_ADDR
# define MAP_BASE_ADDR(l) 0
#endif
#include <endian.h>
#if BYTE_ORDER == BIG_ENDIAN
# define byteorder ELFDATA2MSB
# define byteorder_name "big-endian"
#elif BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN
# define byteorder ELFDATA2LSB
# define byteorder_name "little-endian"
#else
# error "Unknown BYTE_ORDER " BYTE_ORDER
# define byteorder ELFDATANONE
#endif
#define STRING(x) __STRING (x)
#ifdef MAP_ANON
/* The fd is not examined when using MAP_ANON. */
# define ANONFD -1
#else
int _dl_zerofd = -1;
# define ANONFD _dl_zerofd
#endif
/* Handle situations where we have a preferred location in memory for
the shared objects. */
#ifdef ELF_PREFERRED_ADDRESS_DATA
ELF_PREFERRED_ADDRESS_DATA;
#endif
#ifndef ELF_PREFERRED_ADDRESS
# define ELF_PREFERRED_ADDRESS(loader, maplength, mapstartpref) (mapstartpref)
#endif
#ifndef ELF_FIXED_ADDRESS
# define ELF_FIXED_ADDRESS(loader, mapstart) ((void) 0)
#endif
size_t _dl_pagesize;
extern const char *_dl_platform;
extern size_t _dl_platformlen;
/* This is the decomposed LD_LIBRARY_PATH search path. */
static struct r_search_path_elem **env_path_list;
/* List of the hardware capabilities we might end up using. */
static const struct r_strlenpair *capstr;
static size_t ncapstr;
static size_t max_capstrlen;
const unsigned char _dl_pf_to_prot[8] =
{
[0] = PROT_NONE,
[PF_R] = PROT_READ,
[PF_W] = PROT_WRITE,
[PF_R | PF_W] = PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
[PF_X] = PROT_EXEC,
[PF_R | PF_X] = PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC,
[PF_W | PF_X] = PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC,
[PF_R | PF_W | PF_X] = PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC
};
/* Get the generated information about the trusted directories. */
#include "trusted-dirs.h"
static const char system_dirs[] = SYSTEM_DIRS;
static const size_t system_dirs_len[] =
{
SYSTEM_DIRS_LEN
};
/* This function has no public prototype. */
extern ssize_t __libc_read (int, void *, size_t);
/* Local version of `strdup' function. */
static inline char *
local_strdup (const char *s)
{
size_t len = strlen (s) + 1;
void *new = malloc (len);
if (new == NULL)
return NULL;
return (char *) memcpy (new, s, len);
}
size_t
_dl_dst_count (const char *name, int is_path)
{
size_t cnt = 0;
do
{
size_t len = 1;
/* $ORIGIN is not expanded for SUID/GUID programs. */
if ((((!__libc_enable_secure
&& strncmp (&name[1], "ORIGIN", 6) == 0 && (len = 7) != 0)
|| (strncmp (&name[1], "PLATFORM", 8) == 0 && (len = 9) != 0))
&& (name[len] == '\0' || name[len] == '/'
|| (is_path && name[len] == ':')))
|| (name[1] == '{'
&& ((!__libc_enable_secure
&& strncmp (&name[2], "ORIGIN}", 7) == 0 && (len = 9) != 0)
|| (strncmp (&name[2], "PLATFORM}", 9) == 0
&& (len = 11) != 0))))
++cnt;
name = strchr (name + len, '$');
}
while (name != NULL);
return cnt;
}
char *
_dl_dst_substitute (struct link_map *l, const char *name, char *result,
int is_path)
{
char *last_elem, *wp;
/* Now fill the result path. While copying over the string we keep
track of the start of the last path element. When we come accross
a DST we copy over the value or (if the value is not available)
leave the entire path element out. */
last_elem = wp = result;
do
{
if (*name == '$')
{
const char *repl;
size_t len;
if ((((strncmp (&name[1], "ORIGIN", 6) == 0 && (len = 7) != 0)
|| (strncmp (&name[1], "PLATFORM", 8) == 0 && (len = 9) != 0))
&& (name[len] == '\0' || name[len] == '/'
|| (is_path && name[len] == ':')))
|| (name[1] == '{'
&& ((strncmp (&name[2], "ORIGIN}", 7) == 0 && (len = 9) != 0)
|| (strncmp (&name[2], "PLATFORM}", 9) == 0
&& (len = 11) != 0))))
{
repl = ((len == 7 || name[2] == 'O')
? (__libc_enable_secure ? NULL : l->l_origin)
: _dl_platform);
if (repl != NULL && repl != (const char *) -1)
{
wp = __stpcpy (wp, repl);
name += len;
}
else
{
/* We cannot use this path element, the value of the
replacement is unknown. */
wp = last_elem;
name += len;
while (*name != '\0' && (!is_path || *name != ':'))
++name;
}
}
else
/* No DST we recognize. */
*wp++ = *name++;
}
else if (is_path && *name == ':')
{
*wp++ = *name++;
last_elem = wp;
}
else
*wp++ = *name++;
}
while (*name != '\0');
*wp = '\0';
return result;
}
/* Return copy of argument with all recognized dynamic string tokens
($ORIGIN and $PLATFORM for now) replaced. On some platforms it
might not be possible to determine the path from which the object
belonging to the map is loaded. In this case the path element
containing $ORIGIN is left out. */
static char *
expand_dynamic_string_token (struct link_map *l, const char *s)
{
/* We make two runs over the string. First we determine how large the
resulting string is and then we copy it over. Since this is now
frequently executed operation we are looking here not for performance
but rather for code size. */
size_t cnt;
size_t total;
char *result;
/* Determine the nubmer of DST elements. */
cnt = DL_DST_COUNT (s, 1);
/* If we do not have to replace anything simply copy the string. */
if (cnt == 0)
return local_strdup (s);
/* Determine the length of the substituted string. */
total = DL_DST_REQUIRED (l, s, strlen (s), cnt);
/* Allocate the necessary memory. */
result = (char *) malloc (total + 1);
if (result == NULL)
return NULL;
return DL_DST_SUBSTITUTE (l, s, result, 1);
}
/* Add `name' to the list of names for a particular shared object.
`name' is expected to have been allocated with malloc and will
be freed if the shared object already has this name.
Returns false if the object already had this name. */
static void
internal_function
add_name_to_object (struct link_map *l, const char *name)
{
struct libname_list *lnp, *lastp;
struct libname_list *newname;
size_t name_len;
lastp = NULL;
for (lnp = l->l_libname; lnp != NULL; lastp = lnp, lnp = lnp->next)
if (strcmp (name, lnp->name) == 0)
return;
name_len = strlen (name) + 1;
newname = malloc (sizeof *newname + name_len);
if (newname == NULL)
{
/* No more memory. */
_dl_signal_error (ENOMEM, name, "cannot allocate name record");
return;
}
/* The object should have a libname set from _dl_new_object. */
assert (lastp != NULL);
newname->name = memcpy (newname + 1, name, name_len);
newname->next = NULL;
lastp->next = newname;
}
/* All known directories in sorted order. */
static struct r_search_path_elem *all_dirs;
/* Standard search directories. */
static struct r_search_path_elem **rtld_search_dirs;
static size_t max_dirnamelen;
static inline struct r_search_path_elem **
fillin_rpath (char *rpath, struct r_search_path_elem **result, const char *sep,
int check_trusted, const char *what, const char *where)
{
char *cp;
size_t nelems = 0;
while ((cp = __strsep (&rpath, sep)) != NULL)
{
struct r_search_path_elem *dirp;
size_t len = strlen (cp);
/* `strsep' can pass an empty string. This has to be
interpreted as `use the current directory'. */
if (len == 0)
{
static const char curwd[] = "./";
cp = (char *) curwd;
}
/* Remove trailing slashes (except for "/"). */
while (len > 1 && cp[len - 1] == '/')
--len;
/* Now add one if there is none so far. */
if (len > 0 && cp[len - 1] != '/')
cp[len++] = '/';
/* Make sure we don't use untrusted directories if we run SUID. */
if (check_trusted)
{
const char *trun = system_dirs;
size_t idx;
/* All trusted directories must be complete names. */
if (cp[0] != '/')
continue;
for (idx = 0;
idx < sizeof (system_dirs_len) / sizeof (system_dirs_len[0]);
++idx)
{
if (len == system_dirs_len[idx] && memcmp (trun, cp, len) == 0)
/* Found it. */
break;
trun += system_dirs_len[idx] + 1;
}
if (idx == sizeof (system_dirs_len) / sizeof (system_dirs_len[0]))
/* It's no trusted directory, skip it. */
continue;
}
/* See if this directory is already known. */
for (dirp = all_dirs; dirp != NULL; dirp = dirp->next)
if (dirp->dirnamelen == len && memcmp (cp, dirp->dirname, len) == 0)
break;
if (dirp != NULL)
{
/* It is available, see whether it's on our own list. */
size_t cnt;
for (cnt = 0; cnt < nelems; ++cnt)
if (result[cnt] == dirp)
break;
if (cnt == nelems)
result[nelems++] = dirp;
}
else
{
size_t cnt;
/* It's a new directory. Create an entry and add it. */
dirp = (struct r_search_path_elem *)
malloc (sizeof (*dirp) + ncapstr * sizeof (enum r_dir_status));
if (dirp == NULL)
_dl_signal_error (ENOMEM, NULL,
"cannot create cache for search path");
dirp->dirname = cp;
dirp->dirnamelen = len;
if (len > max_dirnamelen)
max_dirnamelen = len;
/* We have to make sure all the relative directories are never
ignored. The current directory might change and all our
saved information would be void. */
if (cp[0] != '/')
for (cnt = 0; cnt < ncapstr; ++cnt)
dirp->status[cnt] = existing;
else
for (cnt = 0; cnt < ncapstr; ++cnt)
dirp->status[cnt] = unknown;
dirp->what = what;
dirp->where = where;
dirp->next = all_dirs;
all_dirs = dirp;
/* Put it in the result array. */
result[nelems++] = dirp;
}
}
/* Terminate the array. */
result[nelems] = NULL;
return result;
}
static struct r_search_path_elem **
internal_function
decompose_rpath (const char *rpath, struct link_map *l, const char *what)
{
/* Make a copy we can work with. */
const char *where = l->l_name;
char *copy;
char *cp;
struct r_search_path_elem **result;
size_t nelems;
/* First see whether we must forget the RUNPATH and RPATH from this
object. */
if (_dl_inhibit_rpath != NULL && !__libc_enable_secure)
{
const char *found = strstr (_dl_inhibit_rpath, where);
if (found != NULL)
{
size_t len = strlen (where);
if ((found == _dl_inhibit_rpath || found[-1] == ':')
&& (found[len] == '\0' || found[len] == ':'))
{
/* This object is on the list of objects for which the
RUNPATH and RPATH must not be used. */
result = (struct r_search_path_elem **)
malloc (sizeof (*result));
if (result == NULL)
_dl_signal_error (ENOMEM, NULL,
"cannot create cache for search path");
result[0] = NULL;
return result;
}
}
}
/* Make a writable copy. At the same time expand possible dynamic
string tokens. */
copy = expand_dynamic_string_token (l, rpath);
if (copy == NULL)
_dl_signal_error (ENOMEM, NULL, "cannot create RUNPATH/RPATH copy");
/* Count the number of necessary elements in the result array. */
nelems = 0;
for (cp = copy; *cp != '\0'; ++cp)
if (*cp == ':')
++nelems;
/* Allocate room for the result. NELEMS + 1 is an upper limit for the
number of necessary entries. */
result = (struct r_search_path_elem **) malloc ((nelems + 1 + 1)
* sizeof (*result));
if (result == NULL)
_dl_signal_error (ENOMEM, NULL, "cannot create cache for search path");
return fillin_rpath (copy, result, ":", 0, what, where);
}
void
internal_function
_dl_init_paths (const char *llp)
{
size_t idx;
const char *strp;
struct r_search_path_elem *pelem, **aelem;
size_t round_size;
#ifdef PIC
struct link_map *l;
#endif
/* Fill in the information about the application's RPATH and the
directories addressed by the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable. */
/* Get the capabilities. */
capstr = _dl_important_hwcaps (_dl_platform, _dl_platformlen,
&ncapstr, &max_capstrlen);
/* First set up the rest of the default search directory entries. */
aelem = rtld_search_dirs = (struct r_search_path_elem **)
malloc ((sizeof (system_dirs_len) / sizeof (system_dirs_len[0]) + 1)
* sizeof (struct r_search_path_elem *));
if (rtld_search_dirs == NULL)
_dl_signal_error (ENOMEM, NULL, "cannot create search path array");
round_size = ((2 * sizeof (struct r_search_path_elem) - 1
+ ncapstr * sizeof (enum r_dir_status))
/ sizeof (struct r_search_path_elem));
rtld_search_dirs[0] = (struct r_search_path_elem *)
malloc ((sizeof (system_dirs) / sizeof (system_dirs[0]) - 1)
* round_size * sizeof (struct r_search_path_elem));
if (rtld_search_dirs[0] == NULL)
_dl_signal_error (ENOMEM, NULL, "cannot create cache for search path");
pelem = all_dirs = rtld_search_dirs[0];
strp = system_dirs;
idx = 0;
do
{
size_t cnt;
*aelem++ = pelem;
pelem->what = "system search path";
pelem->where = NULL;
pelem->dirname = strp;
pelem->dirnamelen = system_dirs_len[idx];
strp += system_dirs_len[idx] + 1;
if (pelem->dirname[0] != '/')
for (cnt = 0; cnt < ncapstr; ++cnt)
pelem->status[cnt] = existing;
else
for (cnt = 0; cnt < ncapstr; ++cnt)
pelem->status[cnt] = unknown;
pelem->next = (++idx == (sizeof (system_dirs_len)
/ sizeof (system_dirs_len[0]))
? NULL : (pelem + round_size));
pelem += round_size;
}
while (idx < sizeof (system_dirs_len) / sizeof (system_dirs_len[0]));
max_dirnamelen = SYSTEM_DIRS_MAX_LEN;
*aelem = NULL;
#ifdef PIC
/* This points to the map of the main object. */
l = _dl_loaded;
if (l != NULL)
{
assert (l->l_type != lt_loaded);
if (l->l_info[DT_RUNPATH])
{
/* Allocate room for the search path and fill in information
from RUNPATH. */
l->l_runpath_dirs =
decompose_rpath ((const void *) (l->l_info[DT_STRTAB]->d_un.d_ptr
+ l->l_info[DT_RUNPATH]->d_un.d_val),
l, "RUNPATH");
/* The RPATH is ignored. */
l->l_rpath_dirs = NULL;
}
else
{
l->l_runpath_dirs = NULL;
if (l->l_info[DT_RPATH])
/* Allocate room for the search path and fill in information
from RPATH. */
l->l_rpath_dirs =
decompose_rpath ((const void *) (l->l_info[DT_STRTAB]->d_un.d_ptr
+ l->l_info[DT_RPATH]->d_un.d_val),
l, "RPATH");
else
l->l_rpath_dirs = NULL;
}
}
#endif /* PIC */
if (llp != NULL && *llp != '\0')
{
size_t nllp;
const char *cp = llp;
/* Decompose the LD_LIBRARY_PATH contents. First determine how many
elements it has. */
nllp = 1;
while (*cp)
{
if (*cp == ':' || *cp == ';')
++nllp;
++cp;
}
env_path_list = (struct r_search_path_elem **)
malloc ((nllp + 1) * sizeof (struct r_search_path_elem *));
if (env_path_list == NULL)
_dl_signal_error (ENOMEM, NULL,
"cannot create cache for search path");
(void) fillin_rpath (local_strdup (llp), env_path_list, ":;",
__libc_enable_secure, "LD_LIBRARY_PATH", NULL);
}
}
/* Think twice before changing anything in this function. It is placed
here and prepared using the `alloca' magic to prevent it from being
inlined. The function is only called in case of an error. But then
performance does not count. The function used to be "inlinable" and
the compiled did so all the time. This increased the code size for
absolutely no good reason. */
#define LOSE(code, s) lose (code, fd, name, realname, l, s)
static void
__attribute__ ((noreturn))
lose (int code, int fd, const char *name, char *realname, struct link_map *l,
const char *msg)
{
/* The use of `alloca' here looks ridiculous but it helps. The goal
is to avoid the function from being inlined. There is no official
way to do this so we use this trick. gcc never inlines functions
which use `alloca'. */
int *a = alloca (sizeof (int));
a[0] = fd;
(void) __close (a[0]);
if (l != NULL)
{
/* Remove the stillborn object from the list and free it. */
if (l->l_prev)
l->l_prev->l_next = l->l_next;
if (l->l_next)
l->l_next->l_prev = l->l_prev;
free (l);
}
free (realname);
_dl_signal_error (code, name, msg);
}
/* Map in the shared object NAME, actually located in REALNAME, and already
opened on FD. */
#ifndef EXTERNAL_MAP_FROM_FD
static
#endif
struct link_map *
_dl_map_object_from_fd (const char *name, int fd, char *realname,
struct link_map *loader, int l_type)
{
/* This is the expected ELF header. */
#define ELF32_CLASS ELFCLASS32
#define ELF64_CLASS ELFCLASS64
#ifndef VALID_ELF_HEADER
# define VALID_ELF_HEADER(hdr,exp,size) (memcmp (hdr, exp, size) == 0)
# define VALID_ELF_OSABI(osabi) (osabi == ELFOSABI_SYSV)
# define VALID_ELF_ABIVERSION(ver) (ver == 0)
#endif
static const unsigned char expected[EI_PAD] =
{
[EI_MAG0] = ELFMAG0,
[EI_MAG1] = ELFMAG1,
[EI_MAG2] = ELFMAG2,
[EI_MAG3] = ELFMAG3,
[EI_CLASS] = ELFW(CLASS),
[EI_DATA] = byteorder,
[EI_VERSION] = EV_CURRENT,
[EI_OSABI] = ELFOSABI_SYSV,
[EI_ABIVERSION] = 0
};
struct link_map *l = NULL;
inline caddr_t map_segment (ElfW(Addr) mapstart, size_t len,
int prot, int fixed, off_t offset)
{
caddr_t mapat = __mmap ((caddr_t) mapstart, len, prot,
fixed|MAP_COPY|MAP_FILE,
fd, offset);
if (mapat == MAP_FAILED)
LOSE (errno, "failed to map segment from shared object");
return mapat;
}
const ElfW(Ehdr) *header;
const ElfW(Phdr) *phdr;
const ElfW(Phdr) *ph;
size_t maplength;
int type;
char *readbuf;
ssize_t readlength;
struct stat st;
/* Get file information. */
if (__fxstat (_STAT_VER, fd, &st) < 0)
LOSE (errno, "cannot stat shared object");
/* Look again to see if the real name matched another already loaded. */
for (l = _dl_loaded; l; l = l->l_next)
if (l->l_ino == st.st_ino && l->l_dev == st.st_dev)
{
/* The object is already loaded.
Just bump its reference count and return it. */
__close (fd);
/* If the name is not in the list of names for this object add
it. */
free (realname);
add_name_to_object (l, name);
++l->l_opencount;
return l;
}
/* Print debugging message. */
if (_dl_debug_files)
_dl_debug_message (1, "file=", name, "; generating link map\n", NULL);
/* Read the header directly. */
readbuf = alloca (_dl_pagesize);
readlength = __libc_read (fd, readbuf, _dl_pagesize);
if (readlength < (ssize_t) sizeof (*header))
LOSE (errno, "cannot read file data");
header = (void *) readbuf;
/* Check the header for basic validity. */
if (__builtin_expect (!VALID_ELF_HEADER (header->e_ident, expected, EI_PAD),
0))
{
/* Something is wrong. */
if (*(Elf32_Word *) &header->e_ident !=
#if BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN
((ELFMAG0 << (EI_MAG0 * 8)) |
(ELFMAG1 << (EI_MAG1 * 8)) |
(ELFMAG2 << (EI_MAG2 * 8)) |
(ELFMAG3 << (EI_MAG3 * 8)))
#else
((ELFMAG0 << (EI_MAG3 * 8)) |
(ELFMAG1 << (EI_MAG2 * 8)) |
(ELFMAG2 << (EI_MAG1 * 8)) |
(ELFMAG3 << (EI_MAG0 * 8)))
#endif
)
LOSE (0, "invalid ELF header");
if (header->e_ident[EI_CLASS] != ELFW(CLASS))
LOSE (0, "ELF file class not " STRING(__ELF_NATIVE_CLASS) "-bit");
if (header->e_ident[EI_DATA] != byteorder)
LOSE (0, "ELF file data encoding not " byteorder_name);
if (header->e_ident[EI_VERSION] != EV_CURRENT)
LOSE (0, "ELF file version ident not " STRING(EV_CURRENT));
/* XXX We should be able so set system specific versions which are
allowed here. */
if (!VALID_ELF_OSABI (header->e_ident[EI_OSABI]))
LOSE (0, "ELF file OS ABI invalid.");
if (!VALID_ELF_ABIVERSION (header->e_ident[EI_ABIVERSION]))
LOSE (0, "ELF file ABI version invalid.");
LOSE (0, "internal error");
}
if (__builtin_expect (header->e_version, EV_CURRENT) != EV_CURRENT)
LOSE (0, "ELF file version not " STRING(EV_CURRENT));
if (! __builtin_expect (elf_machine_matches_host (header->e_machine), 1))
LOSE (0, "ELF file machine architecture not " ELF_MACHINE_NAME);
if (__builtin_expect (header->e_phentsize, sizeof (ElfW(Phdr)))
!= sizeof (ElfW(Phdr)))
LOSE (0, "ELF file's phentsize not the expected size");
#ifndef MAP_ANON
# define MAP_ANON 0
if (_dl_zerofd == -1)
{
_dl_zerofd = _dl_sysdep_open_zero_fill ();
if (_dl_zerofd == -1)
{
__close (fd);
_dl_signal_error (errno, NULL, "cannot open zero fill device");
}
}
#endif
/* Enter the new object in the list of loaded objects. */
l = _dl_new_object (realname, name, l_type, loader);
if (__builtin_expect (! l, 0))
LOSE (ENOMEM, "cannot create shared object descriptor");
l->l_opencount = 1;
/* Extract the remaining details we need from the ELF header
and then read in the program header table. */
l->l_entry = header->e_entry;
type = header->e_type;
l->l_phnum = header->e_phnum;
maplength = header->e_phnum * sizeof (ElfW(Phdr));
if (header->e_phoff + maplength <= readlength)
phdr = (void *) (readbuf + header->e_phoff);
else
{
phdr = alloca (maplength);
__lseek (fd, SEEK_SET, header->e_phoff);
if (__libc_read (fd, (void *) phdr, maplength) != maplength)
LOSE (errno, "cannot read file data");
}
{
/* Scan the program header table, collecting its load commands. */
struct loadcmd
{
ElfW(Addr) mapstart, mapend, dataend, allocend;
off_t mapoff;
int prot;
} loadcmds[l->l_phnum], *c;
size_t nloadcmds = 0;
/* The struct is initialized to zero so this is not necessary:
l->l_ld = 0;
l->l_phdr = 0;
l->l_addr = 0; */
for (ph = phdr; ph < &phdr[l->l_phnum]; ++ph)
switch (ph->p_type)
{
/* These entries tell us where to find things once the file's
segments are mapped in. We record the addresses it says
verbatim, and later correct for the run-time load address. */
case PT_DYNAMIC:
l->l_ld = (void *) ph->p_vaddr;
break;
case PT_PHDR:
l->l_phdr = (void *) ph->p_vaddr;
break;
case PT_LOAD:
/* A load command tells us to map in part of the file.
We record the load commands and process them all later. */
if (ph->p_align % _dl_pagesize != 0)
LOSE (0, "ELF load command alignment not page-aligned");
if ((ph->p_vaddr - ph->p_offset) % ph->p_align)
LOSE (0, "ELF load command address/offset not properly aligned");
{
struct loadcmd *c = &loadcmds[nloadcmds++];
c->mapstart = ph->p_vaddr & ~(ph->p_align - 1);
c->mapend = ((ph->p_vaddr + ph->p_filesz + _dl_pagesize - 1)
& ~(_dl_pagesize - 1));
c->dataend = ph->p_vaddr + ph->p_filesz;
c->allocend = ph->p_vaddr + ph->p_memsz;
c->mapoff = ph->p_offset & ~(ph->p_align - 1);
/* Optimize a common case. */
if ((PF_R | PF_W | PF_X) == 7
&& (PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC) == 7)
c->prot = _dl_pf_to_prot[ph->p_flags & (PF_R | PF_W | PF_X)];
else
{
c->prot = 0;
if (ph->p_flags & PF_R)
c->prot |= PROT_READ;
if (ph->p_flags & PF_W)
c->prot |= PROT_WRITE;
if (ph->p_flags & PF_X)
c->prot |= PROT_EXEC;
}
break;
}
}
/* Now process the load commands and map segments into memory. */
c = loadcmds;
/* Length of the sections to be loaded. */
maplength = loadcmds[nloadcmds - 1].allocend - c->mapstart;
if (type == ET_DYN || type == ET_REL)
{
/* This is a position-independent shared object. We can let the
kernel map it anywhere it likes, but we must have space for all
the segments in their specified positions relative to the first.
So we map the first segment without MAP_FIXED, but with its
extent increased to cover all the segments. Then we remove
access from excess portion, and there is known sufficient space
there to remap from the later segments.
As a refinement, sometimes we have an address that we would
prefer to map such objects at; but this is only a preference,
the OS can do whatever it likes. */
caddr_t mapat;
ElfW(Addr) mappref;
mappref = (ELF_PREFERRED_ADDRESS (loader, maplength, c->mapstart)
- MAP_BASE_ADDR (l));
mapat = map_segment (mappref, maplength, c->prot, 0, c->mapoff);
l->l_addr = (ElfW(Addr)) mapat - c->mapstart;
/* Change protection on the excess portion to disallow all access;
the portions we do not remap later will be inaccessible as if
unallocated. Then jump into the normal segment-mapping loop to
handle the portion of the segment past the end of the file
mapping. */
__mprotect ((caddr_t) (l->l_addr + c->mapend),
loadcmds[nloadcmds - 1].allocend - c->mapend,
0);
/* Remember which part of the address space this object uses. */
l->l_map_start = c->mapstart + l->l_addr;
l->l_map_end = l->l_map_start + maplength;
goto postmap;
}
else
{
/* Notify ELF_PREFERRED_ADDRESS that we have to load this one
fixed. */
ELF_FIXED_ADDRESS (loader, c->mapstart);
}
/* Remember which part of the address space this object uses. */
l->l_map_start = c->mapstart + l->l_addr;
l->l_map_end = l->l_map_start + maplength;
while (c < &loadcmds[nloadcmds])
{
if (c->mapend > c->mapstart)
/* Map the segment contents from the file. */
map_segment (l->l_addr + c->mapstart, c->mapend - c->mapstart,
c->prot, MAP_FIXED, c->mapoff);
postmap:
if (l->l_phdr == 0
&& c->mapoff <= header->e_phoff
&& (c->mapend - c->mapstart + c->mapoff
>= header->e_phoff + header->e_phnum * sizeof (ElfW(Phdr))))
/* Found the program header in this segment. */
l->l_phdr = (void *) (c->mapstart + header->e_phoff - c->mapoff);
if (c->allocend > c->dataend)
{
/* Extra zero pages should appear at the end of this segment,
after the data mapped from the file. */
ElfW(Addr) zero, zeroend, zeropage;
zero = l->l_addr + c->dataend;
zeroend = l->l_addr + c->allocend;
zeropage = (zero + _dl_pagesize - 1) & ~(_dl_pagesize - 1);
if (zeroend < zeropage)
/* All the extra data is in the last page of the segment.
We can just zero it. */
zeropage = zeroend;
if (zeropage > zero)
{
/* Zero the final part of the last page of the segment. */
if ((c->prot & PROT_WRITE) == 0)
{
/* Dag nab it. */
if (__mprotect ((caddr_t) (zero & ~(_dl_pagesize - 1)),
_dl_pagesize, c->prot|PROT_WRITE) < 0)
LOSE (errno, "cannot change memory protections");
}
memset ((void *) zero, 0, zeropage - zero);
if ((c->prot & PROT_WRITE) == 0)
__mprotect ((caddr_t) (zero & ~(_dl_pagesize - 1)),
_dl_pagesize, c->prot);
}
if (zeroend > zeropage)
{
/* Map the remaining zero pages in from the zero fill FD. */
caddr_t mapat;
mapat = __mmap ((caddr_t) zeropage, zeroend - zeropage,
c->prot, MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED,
ANONFD, 0);
if (mapat == MAP_FAILED)
LOSE (errno, "cannot map zero-fill pages");
}
}
++c;
}
if (l->l_phdr == NULL)
{
/* The program header is not contained in any of the segmenst.
We have to allocate memory ourself and copy it over from
out temporary place. */
ElfW(Phdr) *newp = (ElfW(Phdr) *) malloc (header->e_phnum
* sizeof (ElfW(Phdr)));
if (newp == NULL)
LOSE (ENOMEM, "cannot allocate memory for program header");
l->l_phdr = memcpy (newp, phdr,
(header->e_phnum * sizeof (ElfW(Phdr))));
l->l_phdr_allocated = 1;
}
else
/* Adjust the PT_PHDR value by the runtime load address. */
(ElfW(Addr)) l->l_phdr += l->l_addr;
}
/* We are done mapping in the file. We no longer need the descriptor. */
__close (fd);
if (l->l_type == lt_library && type == ET_EXEC)
l->l_type = lt_executable;
if (l->l_ld == 0)
{
if (type == ET_DYN)
LOSE (0, "object file has no dynamic section");
}
else
(ElfW(Addr)) l->l_ld += l->l_addr;
l->l_entry += l->l_addr;
if (_dl_debug_files)
{
const size_t nibbles = sizeof (void *) * 2;
char buf1[nibbles + 1];
char buf2[nibbles + 1];
char buf3[nibbles + 1];
buf1[nibbles] = '\0';
buf2[nibbles] = '\0';
buf3[nibbles] = '\0';
memset (buf1, '0', nibbles);
memset (buf2, '0', nibbles);
memset (buf3, '0', nibbles);
_itoa_word ((unsigned long int) l->l_ld, &buf1[nibbles], 16, 0);
_itoa_word ((unsigned long int) l->l_addr, &buf2[nibbles], 16, 0);
_itoa_word (maplength, &buf3[nibbles], 16, 0);
_dl_debug_message (1, " dynamic: 0x", buf1, " base: 0x", buf2,
" size: 0x", buf3, "\n", NULL);
memset (buf1, '0', nibbles);
memset (buf2, '0', nibbles);
memset (buf3, ' ', nibbles);
_itoa_word ((unsigned long int) l->l_entry, &buf1[nibbles], 16, 0);
_itoa_word ((unsigned long int) l->l_phdr, &buf2[nibbles], 16, 0);
_itoa_word (l->l_phnum, &buf3[nibbles], 10, 0);
_dl_debug_message (1, " entry: 0x", buf1, " phdr: 0x", buf2,
" phnum: ", buf3, "\n\n", NULL);
}
elf_get_dynamic_info (l);
if (l->l_info[DT_HASH])
_dl_setup_hash (l);
/* If this object has DT_SYMBOLIC set modify now its scope. We don't
have to do this for the main map. */
if (l->l_info[DT_SYMBOLIC] && &l->l_searchlist != l->l_scope[0])
{
/* Create an appropriate searchlist. It contains only this map.
XXX This is the definition of DT_SYMBOLIC in SysVr4. The old
GNU ld.so implementation had a different interpretation which
is more reasonable. We are prepared to add this possibility
back as part of a GNU extension of the ELF format. */
l->l_symbolic_searchlist.r_list =
(struct link_map **) malloc (sizeof (struct link_map *));
if (l->l_symbolic_searchlist.r_list == NULL)
LOSE (ENOMEM, "cannot create searchlist");
l->l_symbolic_searchlist.r_list[0] = l;
l->l_symbolic_searchlist.r_nlist = 1;
l->l_symbolic_searchlist.r_duplist = l->l_symbolic_searchlist.r_list;
l->l_symbolic_searchlist.r_nduplist = 1;
/* Now move the existing entries one back. */
memmove (&l->l_scope[1], &l->l_scope[0],
sizeof (l->l_scope) - sizeof (l->l_scope[0]));
/* Now add the new entry. */
l->l_scope[0] = &l->l_symbolic_searchlist;
}
/* Finally the file information. */
l->l_dev = st.st_dev;
l->l_ino = st.st_ino;
return l;
}
/* Print search path. */
static void
print_search_path (struct r_search_path_elem **list,
const char *what, const char *name)
{
char buf[max_dirnamelen + max_capstrlen];
int first = 1;
_dl_debug_message (1, " search path=", NULL);
while (*list != NULL && (*list)->what == what) /* Yes, ==. */
{
char *endp = __mempcpy (buf, (*list)->dirname, (*list)->dirnamelen);
size_t cnt;
for (cnt = 0; cnt < ncapstr; ++cnt)
if ((*list)->status[cnt] != nonexisting)
{
char *cp = __mempcpy (endp, capstr[cnt].str, capstr[cnt].len);
if (cp == buf || (cp == buf + 1 && buf[0] == '/'))
cp[0] = '\0';
else
cp[-1] = '\0';
_dl_debug_message (0, first ? "" : ":", buf, NULL);
first = 0;
}
++list;
}
if (name != NULL)
_dl_debug_message (0, "\t\t(", what, " from file ",
name[0] ? name : _dl_argv[0], ")\n", NULL);
else
_dl_debug_message (0, "\t\t(", what, ")\n", NULL);
}
/* Try to open NAME in one of the directories in DIRS.
Return the fd, or -1. If successful, fill in *REALNAME
with the malloc'd full directory name. */
static int
open_path (const char *name, size_t namelen, int preloaded,
struct r_search_path_elem **dirs,
char **realname)
{
char *buf;
int fd = -1;
const char *current_what = NULL;
if (dirs == NULL || *dirs == NULL)
{
__set_errno (ENOENT);
return -1;
}
buf = alloca (max_dirnamelen + max_capstrlen + namelen);
do
{
struct r_search_path_elem *this_dir = *dirs;
size_t buflen = 0;
size_t cnt;
char *edp;
/* If we are debugging the search for libraries print the path
now if it hasn't happened now. */
if (_dl_debug_libs && current_what != this_dir->what)
{
current_what = this_dir->what;
print_search_path (dirs, current_what, this_dir->where);
}
edp = (char *) __mempcpy (buf, this_dir->dirname, this_dir->dirnamelen);
for (cnt = 0; fd == -1 && cnt < ncapstr; ++cnt)
{
/* Skip this directory if we know it does not exist. */
if (this_dir->status[cnt] == nonexisting)
continue;
buflen =
((char *) __mempcpy (__mempcpy (edp,
capstr[cnt].str, capstr[cnt].len),
name, namelen)
- buf);
/* Print name we try if this is wanted. */
if (_dl_debug_libs)
_dl_debug_message (1, " trying file=", buf, "\n", NULL);
fd = __open (buf, O_RDONLY);
if (this_dir->status[cnt] == unknown)
{
if (fd != -1)
this_dir->status[cnt] = existing;
else
{
/* We failed to open machine dependent library. Let's
test whether there is any directory at all. */
struct stat st;
buf[buflen - namelen - 1] = '\0';
if (__xstat (_STAT_VER, buf, &st) != 0
|| ! S_ISDIR (st.st_mode))
/* The directory does not exist or it is no directory. */
this_dir->status[cnt] = nonexisting;
else
this_dir->status[cnt] = existing;
}
}
if (fd != -1 && preloaded && __libc_enable_secure)
{
/* This is an extra security effort to make sure nobody can
preload broken shared objects which are in the trusted
directories and so exploit the bugs. */
struct stat st;
if (__fxstat (_STAT_VER, fd, &st) != 0
|| (st.st_mode & S_ISUID) == 0)
{
/* The shared object cannot be tested for being SUID
or this bit is not set. In this case we must not
use this object. */
__close (fd);
fd = -1;
/* We simply ignore the file, signal this by setting
the error value which would have been set by `open'. */
errno = ENOENT;
}
}
}
if (fd != -1)
{
*realname = malloc (buflen);
if (*realname != NULL)
{
memcpy (*realname, buf, buflen);
return fd;
}
else
{
/* No memory for the name, we certainly won't be able
to load and link it. */
__close (fd);
return -1;
}
}
if (errno != ENOENT && errno != EACCES)
/* The file exists and is readable, but something went wrong. */
return -1;
}
while (*++dirs != NULL);
return -1;
}
/* Map in the shared object file NAME. */
struct link_map *
internal_function
_dl_map_object (struct link_map *loader, const char *name, int preloaded,
int type, int trace_mode)
{
int fd;
char *realname;
char *name_copy;
struct link_map *l;
/* Look for this name among those already loaded. */
for (l = _dl_loaded; l; l = l->l_next)
{
/* If the requested name matches the soname of a loaded object,
use that object. Elide this check for names that have not
yet been opened. */
if (l->l_opencount <= 0)
continue;
if (!_dl_name_match_p (name, l))
{
const char *soname;
if (l->l_info[DT_SONAME] == NULL)
continue;
soname = (const void *) (l->l_info[DT_STRTAB]->d_un.d_ptr
+ l->l_info[DT_SONAME]->d_un.d_val);
if (strcmp (name, soname) != 0)
continue;
/* We have a match on a new name -- cache it. */
add_name_to_object (l, soname);
}
/* We have a match -- bump the reference count and return it. */
++l->l_opencount;
return l;
}
/* Display information if we are debugging. */
if (_dl_debug_files && loader != NULL)
_dl_debug_message (1, "\nfile=", name, "; needed by ",
loader->l_name[0] ? loader->l_name : _dl_argv[0],
"\n", NULL);
if (strchr (name, '/') == NULL)
{
/* Search for NAME in several places. */
size_t namelen = strlen (name) + 1;
if (_dl_debug_libs)
_dl_debug_message (1, "find library=", name, "; searching\n", NULL);
fd = -1;
/* When the object has the RUNPATH information we don't use any
RPATHs. */
if (loader != NULL && loader->l_info[DT_RUNPATH] == NULL)
{
/* First try the DT_RPATH of the dependent object that caused NAME
to be loaded. Then that object's dependent, and on up. */
for (l = loader; fd == -1 && l; l = l->l_loader)
if (l->l_info[DT_RPATH])
{
/* Make sure the cache information is available. */
if (l->l_rpath_dirs == NULL)
{
size_t ptrval = (l->l_info[DT_STRTAB]->d_un.d_ptr
+ l->l_info[DT_RPATH]->d_un.d_val);
l->l_rpath_dirs =
decompose_rpath ((const char *) ptrval, l, "RPATH");
}
if (l->l_rpath_dirs != NULL)
fd = open_path (name, namelen, preloaded, l->l_rpath_dirs,
&realname);
}
/* If dynamically linked, try the DT_RPATH of the executable
itself. */
l = _dl_loaded;
if (fd == -1 && l && l->l_type != lt_loaded && l != loader
&& l->l_rpath_dirs != NULL)
fd = open_path (name, namelen, preloaded, l->l_rpath_dirs,
&realname);
}
/* Try the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable. */
if (fd == -1 && env_path_list != NULL)
fd = open_path (name, namelen, preloaded, env_path_list, &realname);
/* Look at the RUNPATH informaiton for this binary. */
if (loader != NULL && loader->l_info[DT_RUNPATH])
{
/* Make sure the cache information is available. */
if (loader->l_runpath_dirs == NULL)
{
size_t ptrval = (loader->l_info[DT_STRTAB]->d_un.d_ptr
+ loader->l_info[DT_RUNPATH]->d_un.d_val);
loader->l_runpath_dirs =
decompose_rpath ((const char *) ptrval, loader, "RUNPATH");
}
if (loader->l_runpath_dirs != NULL)
fd = open_path (name, namelen, preloaded, loader->l_runpath_dirs,
&realname);
}
if (fd == -1)
{
/* Check the list of libraries in the file /etc/ld.so.cache,
for compatibility with Linux's ldconfig program. */
extern const char *_dl_load_cache_lookup (const char *name);
const char *cached = _dl_load_cache_lookup (name);
if (cached)
{
fd = __open (cached, O_RDONLY);
if (fd != -1)
{
realname = local_strdup (cached);
if (realname == NULL)
{
__close (fd);
fd = -1;
}
}
}
}
/* Finally, try the default path. */
if (fd == -1)
fd = open_path (name, namelen, preloaded, rtld_search_dirs, &realname);
/* Add another newline when we a tracing the library loading. */
if (_dl_debug_libs)
_dl_debug_message (1, "\n", NULL);
}
else
{
/* The path may contain dynamic string tokens. */
realname = (loader
? expand_dynamic_string_token (loader, name)
: local_strdup (name));
if (realname == NULL)
fd = -1;
else
{
fd = __open (realname, O_RDONLY);
if (fd == -1)
free (realname);
}
}
if (fd == -1)
{
if (trace_mode)
{
/* We haven't found an appropriate library. But since we
are only interested in the list of libraries this isn't
so severe. Fake an entry with all the information we
have. */
static const Elf_Symndx dummy_bucket = STN_UNDEF;
/* Enter the new object in the list of loaded objects. */
if ((name_copy = local_strdup (name)) == NULL
|| (l = _dl_new_object (name_copy, name, type, loader)) == NULL)
_dl_signal_error (ENOMEM, name,
"cannot create shared object descriptor");
/* We use an opencount of 0 as a sign for the faked entry.
Since the descriptor is initialized with zero we do not
have do this here.
l->l_opencount = 0;
l->l_reserved = 0; */
l->l_buckets = &dummy_bucket;
l->l_nbuckets = 1;
l->l_relocated = 1;
return l;
}
else
_dl_signal_error (errno, name, "cannot open shared object file");
}
return _dl_map_object_from_fd (name, fd, realname, loader, type);
}
| /* Map in a shared object's segments from the file.
Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of the GNU C Library.
The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as
published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
License, or (at your option) any later version.
The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
Library General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
License along with the GNU C Library; see the file COPYING.LIB. If not,
write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. */
#include <elf.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <elf/ldsodefs.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include "dynamic-link.h"
#include <stdio-common/_itoa.h>
#include <dl-dst.h>
/* On some systems, no flag bits are given to specify file mapping. */
#ifndef MAP_FILE
# define MAP_FILE 0
#endif
/* The right way to map in the shared library files is MAP_COPY, which
makes a virtual copy of the data at the time of the mmap call; this
guarantees the mapped pages will be consistent even if the file is
overwritten. Some losing VM systems like Linux's lack MAP_COPY. All we
get is MAP_PRIVATE, which copies each page when it is modified; this
means if the file is overwritten, we may at some point get some pages
from the new version after starting with pages from the old version. */
#ifndef MAP_COPY
# define MAP_COPY MAP_PRIVATE
#endif
/* Some systems link their relocatable objects for another base address
than 0. We want to know the base address for these such that we can
subtract this address from the segment addresses during mapping.
This results in a more efficient address space usage. Defaults to
zero for almost all systems. */
#ifndef MAP_BASE_ADDR
# define MAP_BASE_ADDR(l) 0
#endif
#include <endian.h>
#if BYTE_ORDER == BIG_ENDIAN
# define byteorder ELFDATA2MSB
# define byteorder_name "big-endian"
#elif BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN
# define byteorder ELFDATA2LSB
# define byteorder_name "little-endian"
#else
# error "Unknown BYTE_ORDER " BYTE_ORDER
# define byteorder ELFDATANONE
#endif
#define STRING(x) __STRING (x)
#ifdef MAP_ANON
/* The fd is not examined when using MAP_ANON. */
# define ANONFD -1
#else
int _dl_zerofd = -1;
# define ANONFD _dl_zerofd
#endif
/* Handle situations where we have a preferred location in memory for
the shared objects. */
#ifdef ELF_PREFERRED_ADDRESS_DATA
ELF_PREFERRED_ADDRESS_DATA;
#endif
#ifndef ELF_PREFERRED_ADDRESS
# define ELF_PREFERRED_ADDRESS(loader, maplength, mapstartpref) (mapstartpref)
#endif
#ifndef ELF_FIXED_ADDRESS
# define ELF_FIXED_ADDRESS(loader, mapstart) ((void) 0)
#endif
size_t _dl_pagesize;
extern const char *_dl_platform;
extern size_t _dl_platformlen;
/* This is the decomposed LD_LIBRARY_PATH search path. */
static struct r_search_path_elem **env_path_list;
/* List of the hardware capabilities we might end up using. */
static const struct r_strlenpair *capstr;
static size_t ncapstr;
static size_t max_capstrlen;
const unsigned char _dl_pf_to_prot[8] =
{
[0] = PROT_NONE,
[PF_R] = PROT_READ,
[PF_W] = PROT_WRITE,
[PF_R | PF_W] = PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
[PF_X] = PROT_EXEC,
[PF_R | PF_X] = PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC,
[PF_W | PF_X] = PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC,
[PF_R | PF_W | PF_X] = PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC
};
/* Get the generated information about the trusted directories. */
#include "trusted-dirs.h"
static const char system_dirs[] = SYSTEM_DIRS;
static const size_t system_dirs_len[] =
{
SYSTEM_DIRS_LEN
};
/* This function has no public prototype. */
extern ssize_t __libc_read (int, void *, size_t);
/* Local version of `strdup' function. */
static inline char *
local_strdup (const char *s)
{
size_t len = strlen (s) + 1;
void *new = malloc (len);
if (new == NULL)
return NULL;
return (char *) memcpy (new, s, len);
}
size_t
_dl_dst_count (const char *name, int is_path)
{
const char *const start = name;
size_t cnt = 0;
do
{
size_t len = 1;
/* $ORIGIN is not expanded for SUID/GUID programs.
Note that it is no bug that the strings in the first two `strncmp'
calls are longer than the sequence which is actually tested. */
if ((((strncmp (&name[1], "ORIGIN}", 6) == 0
&& (!__libc_enable_secure
|| ((name[7] == '\0' || (is_path && name[7] == ':'))
&& (name == start || (is_path && name[-1] == ':'))))
&& (len = 7) != 0)
|| (strncmp (&name[1], "PLATFORM}", 8) == 0 && (len = 9) != 0))
&& (name[len] == '\0' || name[len] == '/'
|| (is_path && name[len] == ':')))
|| (name[1] == '{'
&& ((strncmp (&name[2], "ORIGIN}", 7) == 0
&& (!__libc_enable_secure
|| ((name[9] == '\0' || (is_path && name[9] == ':'))
&& (name == start || (is_path && name[-1] == ':'))))
&& (len = 9) != 0)
|| (strncmp (&name[2], "PLATFORM}", 9) == 0
&& (len = 11) != 0))))
++cnt;
name = strchr (name + len, '$');
}
while (name != NULL);
return cnt;
}
char *
_dl_dst_substitute (struct link_map *l, const char *name, char *result,
int is_path)
{
const char *const start = name;
char *last_elem, *wp;
/* Now fill the result path. While copying over the string we keep
track of the start of the last path element. When we come accross
a DST we copy over the value or (if the value is not available)
leave the entire path element out. */
last_elem = wp = result;
do
{
if (*name == '$')
{
const char *repl;
size_t len;
/* Note that it is no bug that the strings in the first two `strncmp'
calls are longer than the sequence which is actually tested. */
if ((((strncmp (&name[1], "ORIGIN}", 6) == 0 && (len = 7) != 0)
|| (strncmp (&name[1], "PLATFORM}", 8) == 0 && (len = 9) != 0))
&& (name[len] == '\0' || name[len] == '/'
|| (is_path && name[len] == ':')))
|| (name[1] == '{'
&& ((strncmp (&name[2], "ORIGIN}", 7) == 0 && (len = 9) != 0)
|| (strncmp (&name[2], "PLATFORM}", 9) == 0
&& (len = 11) != 0))))
{
repl = ((len == 7 || name[2] == 'O')
? (__libc_enable_secure
&& ((name[len] != '\0'
&& (!is_path || name[len] != ':'))
|| (name != start
&& (!is_path || name[-1] != ':')))
? NULL : l->l_origin)
: _dl_platform);
if (repl != NULL && repl != (const char *) -1)
{
wp = __stpcpy (wp, repl);
name += len;
}
else
{
/* We cannot use this path element, the value of the
replacement is unknown. */
wp = last_elem;
name += len;
while (*name != '\0' && (!is_path || *name != ':'))
++name;
}
}
else
/* No DST we recognize. */
*wp++ = *name++;
}
else if (is_path && *name == ':')
{
*wp++ = *name++;
last_elem = wp;
}
else
*wp++ = *name++;
}
while (*name != '\0');
*wp = '\0';
return result;
}
/* Return copy of argument with all recognized dynamic string tokens
($ORIGIN and $PLATFORM for now) replaced. On some platforms it
might not be possible to determine the path from which the object
belonging to the map is loaded. In this case the path element
containing $ORIGIN is left out. */
static char *
expand_dynamic_string_token (struct link_map *l, const char *s)
{
/* We make two runs over the string. First we determine how large the
resulting string is and then we copy it over. Since this is now
frequently executed operation we are looking here not for performance
but rather for code size. */
size_t cnt;
size_t total;
char *result;
/* Determine the number of DST elements. */
cnt = DL_DST_COUNT (s, 1);
/* If we do not have to replace anything simply copy the string. */
if (cnt == 0)
return local_strdup (s);
/* Determine the length of the substituted string. */
total = DL_DST_REQUIRED (l, s, strlen (s), cnt);
/* Allocate the necessary memory. */
result = (char *) malloc (total + 1);
if (result == NULL)
return NULL;
return DL_DST_SUBSTITUTE (l, s, result, 1);
}
/* Add `name' to the list of names for a particular shared object.
`name' is expected to have been allocated with malloc and will
be freed if the shared object already has this name.
Returns false if the object already had this name. */
static void
internal_function
add_name_to_object (struct link_map *l, const char *name)
{
struct libname_list *lnp, *lastp;
struct libname_list *newname;
size_t name_len;
lastp = NULL;
for (lnp = l->l_libname; lnp != NULL; lastp = lnp, lnp = lnp->next)
if (strcmp (name, lnp->name) == 0)
return;
name_len = strlen (name) + 1;
newname = malloc (sizeof *newname + name_len);
if (newname == NULL)
{
/* No more memory. */
_dl_signal_error (ENOMEM, name, "cannot allocate name record");
return;
}
/* The object should have a libname set from _dl_new_object. */
assert (lastp != NULL);
newname->name = memcpy (newname + 1, name, name_len);
newname->next = NULL;
lastp->next = newname;
}
/* All known directories in sorted order. */
static struct r_search_path_elem *all_dirs;
/* Standard search directories. */
static struct r_search_path_elem **rtld_search_dirs;
static size_t max_dirnamelen;
static inline struct r_search_path_elem **
fillin_rpath (char *rpath, struct r_search_path_elem **result, const char *sep,
int check_trusted, const char *what, const char *where)
{
char *cp;
size_t nelems = 0;
while ((cp = __strsep (&rpath, sep)) != NULL)
{
struct r_search_path_elem *dirp;
size_t len = strlen (cp);
/* `strsep' can pass an empty string. This has to be
interpreted as `use the current directory'. */
if (len == 0)
{
static const char curwd[] = "./";
cp = (char *) curwd;
}
/* Remove trailing slashes (except for "/"). */
while (len > 1 && cp[len - 1] == '/')
--len;
/* Now add one if there is none so far. */
if (len > 0 && cp[len - 1] != '/')
cp[len++] = '/';
/* Make sure we don't use untrusted directories if we run SUID. */
if (check_trusted)
{
const char *trun = system_dirs;
size_t idx;
/* All trusted directories must be complete names. */
if (cp[0] != '/')
continue;
for (idx = 0;
idx < sizeof (system_dirs_len) / sizeof (system_dirs_len[0]);
++idx)
{
if (len == system_dirs_len[idx] && memcmp (trun, cp, len) == 0)
/* Found it. */
break;
trun += system_dirs_len[idx] + 1;
}
if (idx == sizeof (system_dirs_len) / sizeof (system_dirs_len[0]))
/* It's no trusted directory, skip it. */
continue;
}
/* See if this directory is already known. */
for (dirp = all_dirs; dirp != NULL; dirp = dirp->next)
if (dirp->dirnamelen == len && memcmp (cp, dirp->dirname, len) == 0)
break;
if (dirp != NULL)
{
/* It is available, see whether it's on our own list. */
size_t cnt;
for (cnt = 0; cnt < nelems; ++cnt)
if (result[cnt] == dirp)
break;
if (cnt == nelems)
result[nelems++] = dirp;
}
else
{
size_t cnt;
/* It's a new directory. Create an entry and add it. */
dirp = (struct r_search_path_elem *)
malloc (sizeof (*dirp) + ncapstr * sizeof (enum r_dir_status));
if (dirp == NULL)
_dl_signal_error (ENOMEM, NULL,
"cannot create cache for search path");
dirp->dirname = cp;
dirp->dirnamelen = len;
if (len > max_dirnamelen)
max_dirnamelen = len;
/* We have to make sure all the relative directories are never
ignored. The current directory might change and all our
saved information would be void. */
if (cp[0] != '/')
for (cnt = 0; cnt < ncapstr; ++cnt)
dirp->status[cnt] = existing;
else
for (cnt = 0; cnt < ncapstr; ++cnt)
dirp->status[cnt] = unknown;
dirp->what = what;
dirp->where = where;
dirp->next = all_dirs;
all_dirs = dirp;
/* Put it in the result array. */
result[nelems++] = dirp;
}
}
/* Terminate the array. */
result[nelems] = NULL;
return result;
}
static struct r_search_path_elem **
internal_function
decompose_rpath (const char *rpath, struct link_map *l, const char *what)
{
/* Make a copy we can work with. */
const char *where = l->l_name;
char *copy;
char *cp;
struct r_search_path_elem **result;
size_t nelems;
/* First see whether we must forget the RUNPATH and RPATH from this
object. */
if (_dl_inhibit_rpath != NULL && !__libc_enable_secure)
{
const char *found = strstr (_dl_inhibit_rpath, where);
if (found != NULL)
{
size_t len = strlen (where);
if ((found == _dl_inhibit_rpath || found[-1] == ':')
&& (found[len] == '\0' || found[len] == ':'))
{
/* This object is on the list of objects for which the
RUNPATH and RPATH must not be used. */
result = (struct r_search_path_elem **)
malloc (sizeof (*result));
if (result == NULL)
_dl_signal_error (ENOMEM, NULL,
"cannot create cache for search path");
result[0] = NULL;
return result;
}
}
}
/* Make a writable copy. At the same time expand possible dynamic
string tokens. */
copy = expand_dynamic_string_token (l, rpath);
if (copy == NULL)
_dl_signal_error (ENOMEM, NULL, "cannot create RUNPATH/RPATH copy");
/* Count the number of necessary elements in the result array. */
nelems = 0;
for (cp = copy; *cp != '\0'; ++cp)
if (*cp == ':')
++nelems;
/* Allocate room for the result. NELEMS + 1 is an upper limit for the
number of necessary entries. */
result = (struct r_search_path_elem **) malloc ((nelems + 1 + 1)
* sizeof (*result));
if (result == NULL)
_dl_signal_error (ENOMEM, NULL, "cannot create cache for search path");
return fillin_rpath (copy, result, ":", 0, what, where);
}
void
internal_function
_dl_init_paths (const char *llp)
{
size_t idx;
const char *strp;
struct r_search_path_elem *pelem, **aelem;
size_t round_size;
#ifdef PIC
struct link_map *l;
#endif
/* Fill in the information about the application's RPATH and the
directories addressed by the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable. */
/* Get the capabilities. */
capstr = _dl_important_hwcaps (_dl_platform, _dl_platformlen,
&ncapstr, &max_capstrlen);
/* First set up the rest of the default search directory entries. */
aelem = rtld_search_dirs = (struct r_search_path_elem **)
malloc ((sizeof (system_dirs_len) / sizeof (system_dirs_len[0]) + 1)
* sizeof (struct r_search_path_elem *));
if (rtld_search_dirs == NULL)
_dl_signal_error (ENOMEM, NULL, "cannot create search path array");
round_size = ((2 * sizeof (struct r_search_path_elem) - 1
+ ncapstr * sizeof (enum r_dir_status))
/ sizeof (struct r_search_path_elem));
rtld_search_dirs[0] = (struct r_search_path_elem *)
malloc ((sizeof (system_dirs) / sizeof (system_dirs[0]) - 1)
* round_size * sizeof (struct r_search_path_elem));
if (rtld_search_dirs[0] == NULL)
_dl_signal_error (ENOMEM, NULL, "cannot create cache for search path");
pelem = all_dirs = rtld_search_dirs[0];
strp = system_dirs;
idx = 0;
do
{
size_t cnt;
*aelem++ = pelem;
pelem->what = "system search path";
pelem->where = NULL;
pelem->dirname = strp;
pelem->dirnamelen = system_dirs_len[idx];
strp += system_dirs_len[idx] + 1;
if (pelem->dirname[0] != '/')
for (cnt = 0; cnt < ncapstr; ++cnt)
pelem->status[cnt] = existing;
else
for (cnt = 0; cnt < ncapstr; ++cnt)
pelem->status[cnt] = unknown;
pelem->next = (++idx == (sizeof (system_dirs_len)
/ sizeof (system_dirs_len[0]))
? NULL : (pelem + round_size));
pelem += round_size;
}
while (idx < sizeof (system_dirs_len) / sizeof (system_dirs_len[0]));
max_dirnamelen = SYSTEM_DIRS_MAX_LEN;
*aelem = NULL;
#ifdef PIC
/* This points to the map of the main object. */
l = _dl_loaded;
if (l != NULL)
{
assert (l->l_type != lt_loaded);
if (l->l_info[DT_RUNPATH])
{
/* Allocate room for the search path and fill in information
from RUNPATH. */
l->l_runpath_dirs =
decompose_rpath ((const void *) (l->l_info[DT_STRTAB]->d_un.d_ptr
+ l->l_info[DT_RUNPATH]->d_un.d_val),
l, "RUNPATH");
/* The RPATH is ignored. */
l->l_rpath_dirs = NULL;
}
else
{
l->l_runpath_dirs = NULL;
if (l->l_info[DT_RPATH])
/* Allocate room for the search path and fill in information
from RPATH. */
l->l_rpath_dirs =
decompose_rpath ((const void *) (l->l_info[DT_STRTAB]->d_un.d_ptr
+ l->l_info[DT_RPATH]->d_un.d_val),
l, "RPATH");
else
l->l_rpath_dirs = NULL;
}
}
#endif /* PIC */
if (llp != NULL && *llp != '\0')
{
size_t nllp;
const char *cp = llp;
/* Decompose the LD_LIBRARY_PATH contents. First determine how many
elements it has. */
nllp = 1;
while (*cp)
{
if (*cp == ':' || *cp == ';')
++nllp;
++cp;
}
env_path_list = (struct r_search_path_elem **)
malloc ((nllp + 1) * sizeof (struct r_search_path_elem *));
if (env_path_list == NULL)
_dl_signal_error (ENOMEM, NULL,
"cannot create cache for search path");
(void) fillin_rpath (local_strdup (llp), env_path_list, ":;",
__libc_enable_secure, "LD_LIBRARY_PATH", NULL);
}
}
/* Think twice before changing anything in this function. It is placed
here and prepared using the `alloca' magic to prevent it from being
inlined. The function is only called in case of an error. But then
performance does not count. The function used to be "inlinable" and
the compiled did so all the time. This increased the code size for
absolutely no good reason. */
#define LOSE(code, s) lose (code, fd, name, realname, l, s)
static void
__attribute__ ((noreturn))
lose (int code, int fd, const char *name, char *realname, struct link_map *l,
const char *msg)
{
/* The use of `alloca' here looks ridiculous but it helps. The goal
is to avoid the function from being inlined. There is no official
way to do this so we use this trick. gcc never inlines functions
which use `alloca'. */
int *a = alloca (sizeof (int));
a[0] = fd;
(void) __close (a[0]);
if (l != NULL)
{
/* Remove the stillborn object from the list and free it. */
if (l->l_prev)
l->l_prev->l_next = l->l_next;
if (l->l_next)
l->l_next->l_prev = l->l_prev;
free (l);
}
free (realname);
_dl_signal_error (code, name, msg);
}
/* Map in the shared object NAME, actually located in REALNAME, and already
opened on FD. */
#ifndef EXTERNAL_MAP_FROM_FD
static
#endif
struct link_map *
_dl_map_object_from_fd (const char *name, int fd, char *realname,
struct link_map *loader, int l_type)
{
/* This is the expected ELF header. */
#define ELF32_CLASS ELFCLASS32
#define ELF64_CLASS ELFCLASS64
#ifndef VALID_ELF_HEADER
# define VALID_ELF_HEADER(hdr,exp,size) (memcmp (hdr, exp, size) == 0)
# define VALID_ELF_OSABI(osabi) (osabi == ELFOSABI_SYSV)
# define VALID_ELF_ABIVERSION(ver) (ver == 0)
#endif
static const unsigned char expected[EI_PAD] =
{
[EI_MAG0] = ELFMAG0,
[EI_MAG1] = ELFMAG1,
[EI_MAG2] = ELFMAG2,
[EI_MAG3] = ELFMAG3,
[EI_CLASS] = ELFW(CLASS),
[EI_DATA] = byteorder,
[EI_VERSION] = EV_CURRENT,
[EI_OSABI] = ELFOSABI_SYSV,
[EI_ABIVERSION] = 0
};
struct link_map *l = NULL;
inline caddr_t map_segment (ElfW(Addr) mapstart, size_t len,
int prot, int fixed, off_t offset)
{
caddr_t mapat = __mmap ((caddr_t) mapstart, len, prot,
fixed|MAP_COPY|MAP_FILE,
fd, offset);
if (mapat == MAP_FAILED)
LOSE (errno, "failed to map segment from shared object");
return mapat;
}
const ElfW(Ehdr) *header;
const ElfW(Phdr) *phdr;
const ElfW(Phdr) *ph;
size_t maplength;
int type;
char *readbuf;
ssize_t readlength;
struct stat st;
/* Get file information. */
if (__fxstat (_STAT_VER, fd, &st) < 0)
LOSE (errno, "cannot stat shared object");
/* Look again to see if the real name matched another already loaded. */
for (l = _dl_loaded; l; l = l->l_next)
if (l->l_ino == st.st_ino && l->l_dev == st.st_dev)
{
/* The object is already loaded.
Just bump its reference count and return it. */
__close (fd);
/* If the name is not in the list of names for this object add
it. */
free (realname);
add_name_to_object (l, name);
++l->l_opencount;
return l;
}
/* Print debugging message. */
if (_dl_debug_files)
_dl_debug_message (1, "file=", name, "; generating link map\n", NULL);
/* Read the header directly. */
readbuf = alloca (_dl_pagesize);
readlength = __libc_read (fd, readbuf, _dl_pagesize);
if (readlength < (ssize_t) sizeof (*header))
LOSE (errno, "cannot read file data");
header = (void *) readbuf;
/* Check the header for basic validity. */
if (__builtin_expect (!VALID_ELF_HEADER (header->e_ident, expected, EI_PAD),
0))
{
/* Something is wrong. */
if (*(Elf32_Word *) &header->e_ident !=
#if BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN
((ELFMAG0 << (EI_MAG0 * 8)) |
(ELFMAG1 << (EI_MAG1 * 8)) |
(ELFMAG2 << (EI_MAG2 * 8)) |
(ELFMAG3 << (EI_MAG3 * 8)))
#else
((ELFMAG0 << (EI_MAG3 * 8)) |
(ELFMAG1 << (EI_MAG2 * 8)) |
(ELFMAG2 << (EI_MAG1 * 8)) |
(ELFMAG3 << (EI_MAG0 * 8)))
#endif
)
LOSE (0, "invalid ELF header");
if (header->e_ident[EI_CLASS] != ELFW(CLASS))
LOSE (0, "ELF file class not " STRING(__ELF_NATIVE_CLASS) "-bit");
if (header->e_ident[EI_DATA] != byteorder)
LOSE (0, "ELF file data encoding not " byteorder_name);
if (header->e_ident[EI_VERSION] != EV_CURRENT)
LOSE (0, "ELF file version ident not " STRING(EV_CURRENT));
/* XXX We should be able so set system specific versions which are
allowed here. */
if (!VALID_ELF_OSABI (header->e_ident[EI_OSABI]))
LOSE (0, "ELF file OS ABI invalid.");
if (!VALID_ELF_ABIVERSION (header->e_ident[EI_ABIVERSION]))
LOSE (0, "ELF file ABI version invalid.");
LOSE (0, "internal error");
}
if (__builtin_expect (header->e_version, EV_CURRENT) != EV_CURRENT)
LOSE (0, "ELF file version not " STRING(EV_CURRENT));
if (! __builtin_expect (elf_machine_matches_host (header->e_machine), 1))
LOSE (0, "ELF file machine architecture not " ELF_MACHINE_NAME);
if (__builtin_expect (header->e_phentsize, sizeof (ElfW(Phdr)))
!= sizeof (ElfW(Phdr)))
LOSE (0, "ELF file's phentsize not the expected size");
#ifndef MAP_ANON
# define MAP_ANON 0
if (_dl_zerofd == -1)
{
_dl_zerofd = _dl_sysdep_open_zero_fill ();
if (_dl_zerofd == -1)
{
__close (fd);
_dl_signal_error (errno, NULL, "cannot open zero fill device");
}
}
#endif
/* Enter the new object in the list of loaded objects. */
l = _dl_new_object (realname, name, l_type, loader);
if (__builtin_expect (! l, 0))
LOSE (ENOMEM, "cannot create shared object descriptor");
l->l_opencount = 1;
/* Extract the remaining details we need from the ELF header
and then read in the program header table. */
l->l_entry = header->e_entry;
type = header->e_type;
l->l_phnum = header->e_phnum;
maplength = header->e_phnum * sizeof (ElfW(Phdr));
if (header->e_phoff + maplength <= readlength)
phdr = (void *) (readbuf + header->e_phoff);
else
{
phdr = alloca (maplength);
__lseek (fd, SEEK_SET, header->e_phoff);
if (__libc_read (fd, (void *) phdr, maplength) != maplength)
LOSE (errno, "cannot read file data");
}
{
/* Scan the program header table, collecting its load commands. */
struct loadcmd
{
ElfW(Addr) mapstart, mapend, dataend, allocend;
off_t mapoff;
int prot;
} loadcmds[l->l_phnum], *c;
size_t nloadcmds = 0;
/* The struct is initialized to zero so this is not necessary:
l->l_ld = 0;
l->l_phdr = 0;
l->l_addr = 0; */
for (ph = phdr; ph < &phdr[l->l_phnum]; ++ph)
switch (ph->p_type)
{
/* These entries tell us where to find things once the file's
segments are mapped in. We record the addresses it says
verbatim, and later correct for the run-time load address. */
case PT_DYNAMIC:
l->l_ld = (void *) ph->p_vaddr;
break;
case PT_PHDR:
l->l_phdr = (void *) ph->p_vaddr;
break;
case PT_LOAD:
/* A load command tells us to map in part of the file.
We record the load commands and process them all later. */
if (ph->p_align % _dl_pagesize != 0)
LOSE (0, "ELF load command alignment not page-aligned");
if ((ph->p_vaddr - ph->p_offset) % ph->p_align)
LOSE (0, "ELF load command address/offset not properly aligned");
{
struct loadcmd *c = &loadcmds[nloadcmds++];
c->mapstart = ph->p_vaddr & ~(ph->p_align - 1);
c->mapend = ((ph->p_vaddr + ph->p_filesz + _dl_pagesize - 1)
& ~(_dl_pagesize - 1));
c->dataend = ph->p_vaddr + ph->p_filesz;
c->allocend = ph->p_vaddr + ph->p_memsz;
c->mapoff = ph->p_offset & ~(ph->p_align - 1);
/* Optimize a common case. */
if ((PF_R | PF_W | PF_X) == 7
&& (PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC) == 7)
c->prot = _dl_pf_to_prot[ph->p_flags & (PF_R | PF_W | PF_X)];
else
{
c->prot = 0;
if (ph->p_flags & PF_R)
c->prot |= PROT_READ;
if (ph->p_flags & PF_W)
c->prot |= PROT_WRITE;
if (ph->p_flags & PF_X)
c->prot |= PROT_EXEC;
}
break;
}
}
/* Now process the load commands and map segments into memory. */
c = loadcmds;
/* Length of the sections to be loaded. */
maplength = loadcmds[nloadcmds - 1].allocend - c->mapstart;
if (type == ET_DYN || type == ET_REL)
{
/* This is a position-independent shared object. We can let the
kernel map it anywhere it likes, but we must have space for all
the segments in their specified positions relative to the first.
So we map the first segment without MAP_FIXED, but with its
extent increased to cover all the segments. Then we remove
access from excess portion, and there is known sufficient space
there to remap from the later segments.
As a refinement, sometimes we have an address that we would
prefer to map such objects at; but this is only a preference,
the OS can do whatever it likes. */
caddr_t mapat;
ElfW(Addr) mappref;
mappref = (ELF_PREFERRED_ADDRESS (loader, maplength, c->mapstart)
- MAP_BASE_ADDR (l));
mapat = map_segment (mappref, maplength, c->prot, 0, c->mapoff);
l->l_addr = (ElfW(Addr)) mapat - c->mapstart;
/* Change protection on the excess portion to disallow all access;
the portions we do not remap later will be inaccessible as if
unallocated. Then jump into the normal segment-mapping loop to
handle the portion of the segment past the end of the file
mapping. */
__mprotect ((caddr_t) (l->l_addr + c->mapend),
loadcmds[nloadcmds - 1].allocend - c->mapend,
0);
/* Remember which part of the address space this object uses. */
l->l_map_start = c->mapstart + l->l_addr;
l->l_map_end = l->l_map_start + maplength;
goto postmap;
}
else
{
/* Notify ELF_PREFERRED_ADDRESS that we have to load this one
fixed. */
ELF_FIXED_ADDRESS (loader, c->mapstart);
}
/* Remember which part of the address space this object uses. */
l->l_map_start = c->mapstart + l->l_addr;
l->l_map_end = l->l_map_start + maplength;
while (c < &loadcmds[nloadcmds])
{
if (c->mapend > c->mapstart)
/* Map the segment contents from the file. */
map_segment (l->l_addr + c->mapstart, c->mapend - c->mapstart,
c->prot, MAP_FIXED, c->mapoff);
postmap:
if (l->l_phdr == 0
&& c->mapoff <= header->e_phoff
&& (c->mapend - c->mapstart + c->mapoff
>= header->e_phoff + header->e_phnum * sizeof (ElfW(Phdr))))
/* Found the program header in this segment. */
l->l_phdr = (void *) (c->mapstart + header->e_phoff - c->mapoff);
if (c->allocend > c->dataend)
{
/* Extra zero pages should appear at the end of this segment,
after the data mapped from the file. */
ElfW(Addr) zero, zeroend, zeropage;
zero = l->l_addr + c->dataend;
zeroend = l->l_addr + c->allocend;
zeropage = (zero + _dl_pagesize - 1) & ~(_dl_pagesize - 1);
if (zeroend < zeropage)
/* All the extra data is in the last page of the segment.
We can just zero it. */
zeropage = zeroend;
if (zeropage > zero)
{
/* Zero the final part of the last page of the segment. */
if ((c->prot & PROT_WRITE) == 0)
{
/* Dag nab it. */
if (__mprotect ((caddr_t) (zero & ~(_dl_pagesize - 1)),
_dl_pagesize, c->prot|PROT_WRITE) < 0)
LOSE (errno, "cannot change memory protections");
}
memset ((void *) zero, 0, zeropage - zero);
if ((c->prot & PROT_WRITE) == 0)
__mprotect ((caddr_t) (zero & ~(_dl_pagesize - 1)),
_dl_pagesize, c->prot);
}
if (zeroend > zeropage)
{
/* Map the remaining zero pages in from the zero fill FD. */
caddr_t mapat;
mapat = __mmap ((caddr_t) zeropage, zeroend - zeropage,
c->prot, MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED,
ANONFD, 0);
if (mapat == MAP_FAILED)
LOSE (errno, "cannot map zero-fill pages");
}
}
++c;
}
if (l->l_phdr == NULL)
{
/* The program header is not contained in any of the segmenst.
We have to allocate memory ourself and copy it over from
out temporary place. */
ElfW(Phdr) *newp = (ElfW(Phdr) *) malloc (header->e_phnum
* sizeof (ElfW(Phdr)));
if (newp == NULL)
LOSE (ENOMEM, "cannot allocate memory for program header");
l->l_phdr = memcpy (newp, phdr,
(header->e_phnum * sizeof (ElfW(Phdr))));
l->l_phdr_allocated = 1;
}
else
/* Adjust the PT_PHDR value by the runtime load address. */
(ElfW(Addr)) l->l_phdr += l->l_addr;
}
/* We are done mapping in the file. We no longer need the descriptor. */
__close (fd);
if (l->l_type == lt_library && type == ET_EXEC)
l->l_type = lt_executable;
if (l->l_ld == 0)
{
if (type == ET_DYN)
LOSE (0, "object file has no dynamic section");
}
else
(ElfW(Addr)) l->l_ld += l->l_addr;
l->l_entry += l->l_addr;
if (_dl_debug_files)
{
const size_t nibbles = sizeof (void *) * 2;
char buf1[nibbles + 1];
char buf2[nibbles + 1];
char buf3[nibbles + 1];
buf1[nibbles] = '\0';
buf2[nibbles] = '\0';
buf3[nibbles] = '\0';
memset (buf1, '0', nibbles);
memset (buf2, '0', nibbles);
memset (buf3, '0', nibbles);
_itoa_word ((unsigned long int) l->l_ld, &buf1[nibbles], 16, 0);
_itoa_word ((unsigned long int) l->l_addr, &buf2[nibbles], 16, 0);
_itoa_word (maplength, &buf3[nibbles], 16, 0);
_dl_debug_message (1, " dynamic: 0x", buf1, " base: 0x", buf2,
" size: 0x", buf3, "\n", NULL);
memset (buf1, '0', nibbles);
memset (buf2, '0', nibbles);
memset (buf3, ' ', nibbles);
_itoa_word ((unsigned long int) l->l_entry, &buf1[nibbles], 16, 0);
_itoa_word ((unsigned long int) l->l_phdr, &buf2[nibbles], 16, 0);
_itoa_word (l->l_phnum, &buf3[nibbles], 10, 0);
_dl_debug_message (1, " entry: 0x", buf1, " phdr: 0x", buf2,
" phnum: ", buf3, "\n\n", NULL);
}
elf_get_dynamic_info (l);
if (l->l_info[DT_HASH])
_dl_setup_hash (l);
/* If this object has DT_SYMBOLIC set modify now its scope. We don't
have to do this for the main map. */
if (l->l_info[DT_SYMBOLIC] && &l->l_searchlist != l->l_scope[0])
{
/* Create an appropriate searchlist. It contains only this map.
XXX This is the definition of DT_SYMBOLIC in SysVr4. The old
GNU ld.so implementation had a different interpretation which
is more reasonable. We are prepared to add this possibility
back as part of a GNU extension of the ELF format. */
l->l_symbolic_searchlist.r_list =
(struct link_map **) malloc (sizeof (struct link_map *));
if (l->l_symbolic_searchlist.r_list == NULL)
LOSE (ENOMEM, "cannot create searchlist");
l->l_symbolic_searchlist.r_list[0] = l;
l->l_symbolic_searchlist.r_nlist = 1;
l->l_symbolic_searchlist.r_duplist = l->l_symbolic_searchlist.r_list;
l->l_symbolic_searchlist.r_nduplist = 1;
/* Now move the existing entries one back. */
memmove (&l->l_scope[1], &l->l_scope[0],
sizeof (l->l_scope) - sizeof (l->l_scope[0]));
/* Now add the new entry. */
l->l_scope[0] = &l->l_symbolic_searchlist;
}
/* Finally the file information. */
l->l_dev = st.st_dev;
l->l_ino = st.st_ino;
return l;
}
/* Print search path. */
static void
print_search_path (struct r_search_path_elem **list,
const char *what, const char *name)
{
char buf[max_dirnamelen + max_capstrlen];
int first = 1;
_dl_debug_message (1, " search path=", NULL);
while (*list != NULL && (*list)->what == what) /* Yes, ==. */
{
char *endp = __mempcpy (buf, (*list)->dirname, (*list)->dirnamelen);
size_t cnt;
for (cnt = 0; cnt < ncapstr; ++cnt)
if ((*list)->status[cnt] != nonexisting)
{
char *cp = __mempcpy (endp, capstr[cnt].str, capstr[cnt].len);
if (cp == buf || (cp == buf + 1 && buf[0] == '/'))
cp[0] = '\0';
else
cp[-1] = '\0';
_dl_debug_message (0, first ? "" : ":", buf, NULL);
first = 0;
}
++list;
}
if (name != NULL)
_dl_debug_message (0, "\t\t(", what, " from file ",
name[0] ? name : _dl_argv[0], ")\n", NULL);
else
_dl_debug_message (0, "\t\t(", what, ")\n", NULL);
}
/* Try to open NAME in one of the directories in DIRS.
Return the fd, or -1. If successful, fill in *REALNAME
with the malloc'd full directory name. */
static int
open_path (const char *name, size_t namelen, int preloaded,
struct r_search_path_elem **dirs,
char **realname)
{
char *buf;
int fd = -1;
const char *current_what = NULL;
if (dirs == NULL || *dirs == NULL)
{
__set_errno (ENOENT);
return -1;
}
buf = alloca (max_dirnamelen + max_capstrlen + namelen);
do
{
struct r_search_path_elem *this_dir = *dirs;
size_t buflen = 0;
size_t cnt;
char *edp;
/* If we are debugging the search for libraries print the path
now if it hasn't happened now. */
if (_dl_debug_libs && current_what != this_dir->what)
{
current_what = this_dir->what;
print_search_path (dirs, current_what, this_dir->where);
}
edp = (char *) __mempcpy (buf, this_dir->dirname, this_dir->dirnamelen);
for (cnt = 0; fd == -1 && cnt < ncapstr; ++cnt)
{
/* Skip this directory if we know it does not exist. */
if (this_dir->status[cnt] == nonexisting)
continue;
buflen =
((char *) __mempcpy (__mempcpy (edp,
capstr[cnt].str, capstr[cnt].len),
name, namelen)
- buf);
/* Print name we try if this is wanted. */
if (_dl_debug_libs)
_dl_debug_message (1, " trying file=", buf, "\n", NULL);
fd = __open (buf, O_RDONLY);
if (this_dir->status[cnt] == unknown)
{
if (fd != -1)
this_dir->status[cnt] = existing;
else
{
/* We failed to open machine dependent library. Let's
test whether there is any directory at all. */
struct stat st;
buf[buflen - namelen - 1] = '\0';
if (__xstat (_STAT_VER, buf, &st) != 0
|| ! S_ISDIR (st.st_mode))
/* The directory does not exist or it is no directory. */
this_dir->status[cnt] = nonexisting;
else
this_dir->status[cnt] = existing;
}
}
if (fd != -1 && preloaded && __libc_enable_secure)
{
/* This is an extra security effort to make sure nobody can
preload broken shared objects which are in the trusted
directories and so exploit the bugs. */
struct stat st;
if (__fxstat (_STAT_VER, fd, &st) != 0
|| (st.st_mode & S_ISUID) == 0)
{
/* The shared object cannot be tested for being SUID
or this bit is not set. In this case we must not
use this object. */
__close (fd);
fd = -1;
/* We simply ignore the file, signal this by setting
the error value which would have been set by `open'. */
errno = ENOENT;
}
}
}
if (fd != -1)
{
*realname = malloc (buflen);
if (*realname != NULL)
{
memcpy (*realname, buf, buflen);
return fd;
}
else
{
/* No memory for the name, we certainly won't be able
to load and link it. */
__close (fd);
return -1;
}
}
if (errno != ENOENT && errno != EACCES)
/* The file exists and is readable, but something went wrong. */
return -1;
}
while (*++dirs != NULL);
return -1;
}
/* Map in the shared object file NAME. */
struct link_map *
internal_function
_dl_map_object (struct link_map *loader, const char *name, int preloaded,
int type, int trace_mode)
{
int fd;
char *realname;
char *name_copy;
struct link_map *l;
/* Look for this name among those already loaded. */
for (l = _dl_loaded; l; l = l->l_next)
{
/* If the requested name matches the soname of a loaded object,
use that object. Elide this check for names that have not
yet been opened. */
if (l->l_opencount <= 0)
continue;
if (!_dl_name_match_p (name, l))
{
const char *soname;
if (l->l_info[DT_SONAME] == NULL)
continue;
soname = (const void *) (l->l_info[DT_STRTAB]->d_un.d_ptr
+ l->l_info[DT_SONAME]->d_un.d_val);
if (strcmp (name, soname) != 0)
continue;
/* We have a match on a new name -- cache it. */
add_name_to_object (l, soname);
}
/* We have a match -- bump the reference count and return it. */
++l->l_opencount;
return l;
}
/* Display information if we are debugging. */
if (_dl_debug_files && loader != NULL)
_dl_debug_message (1, "\nfile=", name, "; needed by ",
loader->l_name[0] ? loader->l_name : _dl_argv[0],
"\n", NULL);
if (strchr (name, '/') == NULL)
{
/* Search for NAME in several places. */
size_t namelen = strlen (name) + 1;
if (_dl_debug_libs)
_dl_debug_message (1, "find library=", name, "; searching\n", NULL);
fd = -1;
/* When the object has the RUNPATH information we don't use any
RPATHs. */
if (loader != NULL && loader->l_info[DT_RUNPATH] == NULL)
{
/* First try the DT_RPATH of the dependent object that caused NAME
to be loaded. Then that object's dependent, and on up. */
for (l = loader; fd == -1 && l; l = l->l_loader)
if (l->l_info[DT_RPATH])
{
/* Make sure the cache information is available. */
if (l->l_rpath_dirs == NULL)
{
size_t ptrval = (l->l_info[DT_STRTAB]->d_un.d_ptr
+ l->l_info[DT_RPATH]->d_un.d_val);
l->l_rpath_dirs =
decompose_rpath ((const char *) ptrval, l, "RPATH");
}
if (l->l_rpath_dirs != NULL)
fd = open_path (name, namelen, preloaded, l->l_rpath_dirs,
&realname);
}
/* If dynamically linked, try the DT_RPATH of the executable
itself. */
l = _dl_loaded;
if (fd == -1 && l && l->l_type != lt_loaded && l != loader
&& l->l_rpath_dirs != NULL)
fd = open_path (name, namelen, preloaded, l->l_rpath_dirs,
&realname);
}
/* Try the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable. */
if (fd == -1 && env_path_list != NULL)
fd = open_path (name, namelen, preloaded, env_path_list, &realname);
/* Look at the RUNPATH informaiton for this binary. */
if (loader != NULL && loader->l_info[DT_RUNPATH])
{
/* Make sure the cache information is available. */
if (loader->l_runpath_dirs == NULL)
{
size_t ptrval = (loader->l_info[DT_STRTAB]->d_un.d_ptr
+ loader->l_info[DT_RUNPATH]->d_un.d_val);
loader->l_runpath_dirs =
decompose_rpath ((const char *) ptrval, loader, "RUNPATH");
}
if (loader->l_runpath_dirs != NULL)
fd = open_path (name, namelen, preloaded, loader->l_runpath_dirs,
&realname);
}
if (fd == -1)
{
/* Check the list of libraries in the file /etc/ld.so.cache,
for compatibility with Linux's ldconfig program. */
extern const char *_dl_load_cache_lookup (const char *name);
const char *cached = _dl_load_cache_lookup (name);
if (cached)
{
fd = __open (cached, O_RDONLY);
if (fd != -1)
{
realname = local_strdup (cached);
if (realname == NULL)
{
__close (fd);
fd = -1;
}
}
}
}
/* Finally, try the default path. */
if (fd == -1)
fd = open_path (name, namelen, preloaded, rtld_search_dirs, &realname);
/* Add another newline when we a tracing the library loading. */
if (_dl_debug_libs)
_dl_debug_message (1, "\n", NULL);
}
else
{
/* The path may contain dynamic string tokens. */
realname = (loader
? expand_dynamic_string_token (loader, name)
: local_strdup (name));
if (realname == NULL)
fd = -1;
else
{
fd = __open (realname, O_RDONLY);
if (fd == -1)
free (realname);
}
}
if (fd == -1)
{
if (trace_mode)
{
/* We haven't found an appropriate library. But since we
are only interested in the list of libraries this isn't
so severe. Fake an entry with all the information we
have. */
static const Elf_Symndx dummy_bucket = STN_UNDEF;
/* Enter the new object in the list of loaded objects. */
if ((name_copy = local_strdup (name)) == NULL
|| (l = _dl_new_object (name_copy, name, type, loader)) == NULL)
_dl_signal_error (ENOMEM, name,
"cannot create shared object descriptor");
/* We use an opencount of 0 as a sign for the faked entry.
Since the descriptor is initialized with zero we do not
have do this here.
l->l_opencount = 0;
l->l_reserved = 0; */
l->l_buckets = &dummy_bucket;
l->l_nbuckets = 1;
l->l_relocated = 1;
return l;
}
else
_dl_signal_error (errno, name, "cannot open shared object file");
}
return _dl_map_object_from_fd (name, fd, realname, loader, type);
}
|
169,254,254,633,061 | @node Searching and Sorting, Pattern Matching, Message Translation, Top
@c %MENU% General searching and sorting functions
@chapter Searching and Sorting
This chapter describes functions for searching and sorting arrays of
arbitrary objects. You pass the appropriate comparison function to be
applied as an argument, along with the size of the objects in the array
and the total number of elements.
@menu
* Comparison Functions:: Defining how to compare two objects.
Since the sort and search facilities
are general, you have to specify the
ordering.
* Array Search Function:: The @code{bsearch} function.
* Array Sort Function:: The @code{qsort} function.
* Search/Sort Example:: An example program.
* Hash Search Function:: The @code{hsearch} function.
* Tree Search Function:: The @code{tsearch} function.
@end menu
@node Comparison Functions
@section Defining the Comparison Function
@cindex Comparison Function
In order to use the sorted array library functions, you have to describe
how to compare the elements of the array.
To do this, you supply a comparison function to compare two elements of
the array. The library will call this function, passing as arguments
pointers to two array elements to be compared. Your comparison function
should return a value the way @code{strcmp} (@pxref{String/Array
Comparison}) does: negative if the first argument is ``less'' than the
second, zero if they are ``equal'', and positive if the first argument
is ``greater''.
Here is an example of a comparison function which works with an array of
numbers of type @code{double}:
@smallexample
int
compare_doubles (const void *a, const void *b)
@{
const double *da = (const double *) a;
const double *db = (const double *) b;
return (*da > *db) - (*da < *db);
@}
@end smallexample
The header file @file{stdlib.h} defines a name for the data type of
comparison functions. This type is a GNU extension.
@comment stdlib.h
@comment GNU
@tindex comparison_fn_t
@smallexample
int comparison_fn_t (const void *, const void *);
@end smallexample
@node Array Search Function
@section Array Search Function
@cindex search function (for arrays)
@cindex binary search function (for arrays)
@cindex array search function
Generally searching for a specific element in an array means that
potentially all elements must be checked. The GNU C library contains
functions to perform linear search. The prototypes for the following
two functions can be found in @file{search.h}.
@comment search.h
@comment SVID
@deftypefun {void *} lfind (const void *@var{key}, void *@var{base}, size_t *@var{nmemb}, size_t @var{size}, comparison_fn_t @var{compar})
The @code{lfind} function searches in the array with @code{*@var{nmemb}}
elements of @var{size} bytes pointed to by @var{base} for an element
which matches the one pointed to by @var{key}. The function pointed to
by @var{compar} is used decide whether two elements match.
The return value is a pointer to the matching element in the array
starting at @var{base} if it is found. If no matching element is
available @code{NULL} is returned.
The mean runtime of this function is @code{*@var{nmemb}}/2. This
function should only be used elements often get added to or deleted from
the array in which case it might not be useful to sort the array before
searching.
@end deftypefun
@comment search.h
@comment SVID
@deftypefun {void *} lsearch (const void *@var{key}, void *@var{base}, size_t *@var{nmemb}, size_t @var{size}, comparison_fn_t @var{compar})
The @code{lsearch} function is similar to the @code{lfind} function. It
searches the given array for an element and returns it if found. The
difference is that if no matching element is found the @code{lsearch}
function adds the object pointed to by @var{key} (with a size of
@var{size} bytes) at the end of the array and it increments the value of
@code{*@var{nmemb}} to reflect this addition.
This means for the caller that if it is not sure that the array contains
the element one is searching for the memory allocated for the array
starting at @var{base} must have room for at least @var{size} more
bytes. If one is sure the element is in the array it is better to use
@code{lfind} so having more room in the array is always necessary when
calling @code{lsearch}.
@end deftypefun
To search a sorted array for an element matching the key, use the
@code{bsearch} function. The prototype for this function is in
the header file @file{stdlib.h}.
@pindex stdlib.h
@comment stdlib.h
@comment ISO
@deftypefun {void *} bsearch (const void *@var{key}, const void *@var{array}, size_t @var{count}, size_t @var{size}, comparison_fn_t @var{compare})
The @code{bsearch} function searches the sorted array @var{array} for an object
that is equivalent to @var{key}. The array contains @var{count} elements,
each of which is of size @var{size} bytes.
The @var{compare} function is used to perform the comparison. This
function is called with two pointer arguments and should return an
integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero corresponding to
whether its first argument is considered less than, equal to, or greater
than its second argument. The elements of the @var{array} must already
be sorted in ascending order according to this comparison function.
The return value is a pointer to the matching array element, or a null
pointer if no match is found. If the array contains more than one element
that matches, the one that is returned is unspecified.
This function derives its name from the fact that it is implemented
using the binary search algorithm.
@end deftypefun
@node Array Sort Function
@section Array Sort Function
@cindex sort function (for arrays)
@cindex quick sort function (for arrays)
@cindex array sort function
To sort an array using an arbitrary comparison function, use the
@code{qsort} function. The prototype for this function is in
@file{stdlib.h}.
@pindex stdlib.h
@comment stdlib.h
@comment ISO
@deftypefun void qsort (void *@var{array}, size_t @var{count}, size_t @var{size}, comparison_fn_t @var{compare})
The @var{qsort} function sorts the array @var{array}. The array contains
@var{count} elements, each of which is of size @var{size}.
The @var{compare} function is used to perform the comparison on the
array elements. This function is called with two pointer arguments and
should return an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero
corresponding to whether its first argument is considered less than,
equal to, or greater than its second argument.
@cindex stable sorting
@strong{Warning:} If two objects compare as equal, their order after
sorting is unpredictable. That is to say, the sorting is not stable.
This can make a difference when the comparison considers only part of
the elements. Two elements with the same sort key may differ in other
respects.
If you want the effect of a stable sort, you can get this result by
writing the comparison function so that, lacking other reason
distinguish between two elements, it compares them by their addresses.
Note that doing this may make the sorting algorithm less efficient, so
do it only if necessary.
Here is a simple example of sorting an array of doubles in numerical
order, using the comparison function defined above (@pxref{Comparison
Functions}):
@smallexample
@{
double *array;
int size;
@dots{}
qsort (array, size, sizeof (double), compare_doubles);
@}
@end smallexample
The @code{qsort} function derives its name from the fact that it was
originally implemented using the ``quick sort'' algorithm.
@end deftypefun
@node Search/Sort Example
@section Searching and Sorting Example
Here is an example showing the use of @code{qsort} and @code{bsearch}
with an array of structures. The objects in the array are sorted
by comparing their @code{name} fields with the @code{strcmp} function.
Then, we can look up individual objects based on their names.
@comment This example is dedicated to the memory of Jim Henson. RIP.
@smallexample
@include search.c.texi
@end smallexample
@cindex Kermit the frog
The output from this program looks like:
@smallexample
Kermit, the frog
Piggy, the pig
Gonzo, the whatever
Fozzie, the bear
Sam, the eagle
Robin, the frog
Animal, the animal
Camilla, the chicken
Sweetums, the monster
Dr. Strangepork, the pig
Link Hogthrob, the pig
Zoot, the human
Dr. Bunsen Honeydew, the human
Beaker, the human
Swedish Chef, the human
Animal, the animal
Beaker, the human
Camilla, the chicken
Dr. Bunsen Honeydew, the human
Dr. Strangepork, the pig
Fozzie, the bear
Gonzo, the whatever
Kermit, the frog
Link Hogthrob, the pig
Piggy, the pig
Robin, the frog
Sam, the eagle
Swedish Chef, the human
Sweetums, the monster
Zoot, the human
Kermit, the frog
Gonzo, the whatever
Couldn't find Janice.
@end smallexample
@node Hash Search Function
@section The @code{hsearch} function.
The functions mentioned so far in this chapter are searching in a sorted
or unsorted array. There are other methods to organize information
which later should be searched. The costs of insert, delete and search
differ. One possible implementation is using hashing tables.
@comment search.h
@comment SVID
@deftypefun int hcreate (size_t @var{nel})
The @code{hcreate} function creates a hashing table which can contain at
least @var{nel} elements. There is no possibility to grow this table so
it is necessary to choose the value for @var{nel} wisely. The used
methods to implement this function might make it necessary to make the
number of elements in the hashing table larger than the expected maximal
number of elements. Hashing tables usually work inefficient if they are
filled 80% or more. The constant access time guaranteed by hashing can
only be achieved if few collisions exist. See Knuth's ``The Art of
Computer Programming, Part 3: Searching and Sorting'' for more
information.
The weakest aspect of this function is that there can be at most one
hashing table used through the whole program. The table is allocated
in local memory out of control of the programmer. As an extension the
GNU C library provides an additional set of functions with an reentrant
interface which provide a similar interface but which allow to keep
arbitrary many hashing tables.
It is possible to use more than one hashing table in the program run if
the former table is first destroyed by a call to @code{hdestroy}.
The function returns a non-zero value if successful. If it return zero
something went wrong. This could either mean there is already a hashing
table in use or the program runs out of memory.
@end deftypefun
@comment search.h
@comment SVID
@deftypefun void hdestroy (void)
The @code{hdestroy} function can be used to free all the resources
allocated in a previous call of @code{hcreate}. After a call to this
function it is again possible to call @code{hcreate} and allocate a new
table with possibly different size.
It is important to remember that the elements contained in the hashing
table at the time @code{hdestroy} is called are @emph{not} freed by this
function. It is the responsibility of the program code to free those
strings (if necessary at all). Freeing all the element memory is not
possible without extra, separately kept information since there is no
function to iterate through all available elements in the hashing table.
If it is really necessary to free a table and all elements the
programmer has to keep a list of all table elements and before calling
@code{hdestroy} s/he has to free all element's data using this list.
This is a very unpleasant mechanism and it also shows that this kind of
hashing tables is mainly meant for tables which are created once and
used until the end of the program run.
@end deftypefun
Entries of the hashing table and keys for the search are defined using
this type:
@deftp {Data type} {struct ENTRY}
Both elements of this structure are pointers to zero-terminated strings.
This is a limiting restriction of the functionality of the
@code{hsearch} functions. They can only be used for data sets which use
the NUL character always and solely to terminate the records. It is not
possible to handle general binary data.
@table @code
@item char *key
Pointer to a zero-terminated string of characters describing the key for
the search or the element in the hashing table.
@item char *data
Pointer to a zero-terminated string of characters describing the data.
If the functions will be called only for searching an existing entry
this element might stay undefined since it is not used.
@end table
@end deftp
@comment search.h
@comment SVID
@deftypefun {ENTRY *} hsearch (ENTRY @var{item}, ACTION @var{action})
To search in a hashing table created using @code{hcreate} the
@code{hsearch} function must be used. This function can perform simple
search for an element (if @var{action} has the @code{FIND}) or it can
alternatively insert the key element into the hashing table, possibly
replacing a previous value (if @var{action} is @code{ENTER}).
The key is denoted by a pointer to an object of type @code{ENTRY}. For
locating the corresponding position in the hashing table only the
@code{key} element of the structure is used.
The return value depends on the @var{action} parameter value. If it is
@code{FIND} the value is a pointer to the matching element in the
hashing table or @code{NULL} if no matching element exists. If
@var{action} is @code{ENTER} the return value is only @code{NULL} if the
programs runs out of memory while adding the new element to the table.
Otherwise the return value is a pointer to the element in the hashing
table which contains newly added element based on the data in @var{key}.
@end deftypefun
As mentioned before the hashing table used by the functions described so
far is global and there can be at any time at most one hashing table in
the program. A solution is to use the following functions which are a
GNU extension. All have in common that they operate on a hashing table
which is described by the content of an object of the type @code{struct
hsearch_data}. This type should be treated as opaque, none of its
members should be changed directly.
@comment search.h
@comment GNU
@deftypefun int hcreate_r (size_t @var{nel}, struct hsearch_data *@var{htab})
The @code{hcreate_r} function initializes the object pointed to by
@var{htab} to contain a hashing table with at least @var{nel} elements.
So this function is equivalent to the @code{hcreate} function except
that the initialized data structure is controlled by the user.
This allows to have more than once hashing table at one time. The
memory necessary for the @code{struct hsearch_data} object can be
allocated dynamically.
The return value is non-zero if the operation were successful. if the
return value is zero something went wrong which probably means the
programs runs out of memory.
@end deftypefun
@comment search.h
@comment GNU
@deftypefun void hdestroy_r (struct hsearch_data *@var{htab})
The @code{hdestroy_r} function frees all resources allocated by the
@code{hcreate_r} function for this very same object @var{htab}. As for
@code{hdestroy} it is the programs responsibility to free the strings
for the elements of the table.
@end deftypefun
@comment search.h
@comment GNU
@deftypefun int hsearch_r (ENTRY @var{item}, ACTION @var{action}, ENTRY **@var{retval}, struct hsearch_data *@var{htab})
The @code{hsearch_r} function is equivalent to @code{hsearch}. The
meaning of the first two arguments is identical. But instead of
operating on a single global hashing table the function works on the
table described by the object pointed to by @var{htab} (which is
initialized by a call to @code{hcreate_r}).
Another difference to @code{hcreate} is that the pointer to the found
entry in the table is not the return value of the functions. It is
returned by storing it in a pointer variables pointed to by the
@var{retval} parameter. The return value of the function is an integer
value indicating success if it is non-zero and failure if it is zero.
In the later case the global variable @var{errno} signals the reason for
the failure.
@table @code
@item ENOMEM
The table is filled and @code{hsearch_r} was called with an so far
unknown key and @var{action} set to @code{ENTER}.
@item ESRCH
The @var{action} parameter is @code{FIND} and no corresponding element
is found in the table.
@end table
@end deftypefun
@node Tree Search Function
@section The @code{tsearch} function.
Another common form to organize data for efficient search is to use
trees. The @code{tsearch} function family provides a nice interface to
functions to organize possibly large amounts of data by providing a mean
access time proportional to the logarithm of the number of elements.
The GNU C library implementation even guarantees that this bound is
never exceeded even for input data which cause problems for simple
binary tree implementations.
The functions described in the chapter are all described in the @w{System
V} and X/Open specifications and are therefore quite portable.
In contrast to the @code{hsearch} functions the @code{tsearch} functions
can be used with arbitrary data and not only zero-terminated strings.
The @code{tsearch} functions have the advantage that no function to
initialize data structures is necessary. A simple pointer of type
@code{void *} initialized to @code{NULL} is a valid tree and can be
extended or searched.
@comment search.h
@comment SVID
@deftypefun {void *} tsearch (const void *@var{key}, void **@var{rootp}, comparison_fn_t @var{compar})
The @code{tsearch} function searches in the tree pointed to by
@code{*@var{rootp}} for an element matching @var{key}. The function
pointed to by @var{compar} is used to determine whether two elements
match. @xref{Comparison Functions}, for a specification of the functions
which can be used for the @var{compar} parameter.
If the tree does not contain a matching entry the @var{key} value will
be added to the tree. @code{tsearch} does not make a copy of the object
pointed to by @var{key} (how could it since the size is unknown).
Instead it adds a reference to this object which means the object must
be available as long as the tree data structure is used.
The tree is represented by a pointer to a pointer since it is sometimes
necessary to change the root node of the tree. So it must not be
assumed that the variable pointed to by @var{rootp} has the same value
after the call. This also shows that it is not safe to call the
@code{tsearch} function more than once at the same time using the same
tree. It is no problem to run it more than once at a time on different
trees.
The return value is a pointer to the matching element in the tree. If a
new element was created the pointer points to the new data (which is in
fact @var{key}). If an entry had to be created and the program ran out
of space @code{NULL} is returned.
@end deftypefun
@comment search.h
@comment SVID
@deftypefun {void *} tfind (const void *@var{key}, void *const *@var{rootp}, comparison_fn_t @var{compar})
The @code{tfind} function is similar to the @code{tsearch} function. It
locates an element matching the one pointed to by @var{key} and returns
a pointer to this element. But if no matching element is available no
new element is entered (note that the @var{rootp} parameter points to a
constant pointer). Instead the function returns @code{NULL}.
@end deftypefun
Another advantage of the @code{tsearch} function in contrast to the
@code{hsearch} functions is that there is an easy way to remove
elements.
@comment search.h
@comment SVID
@deftypefun {void *} tdelete (const void *@var{key}, void **@var{rootp}, comparison_fn_t @var{compar})
To remove a specific element matching @var{key} from the tree
@code{tdelete} can be used. It locates the matching element using the
same method as @code{tfind}. The corresponding element is then removed
and the data if this tree node is returned by the function. If there is
no matching entry in the tree nothing can be deleted and the function
returns @code{NULL}.
@end deftypefun
@comment search.h
@comment GNU
@deftypefun void tdestroy (void *@var{vroot}, __free_fn_t @var{freefct})
If the complete search tree has to be removed one can use
@code{tdestroy}. It frees all resources allocated by the @code{tsearch}
function to generate the tree pointed to by @var{vroot}.
For the data in each tree node the function @var{freefct} is called.
The pointer to the data is passed as the argument to the function. If
no such work is necessary @var{freefct} must point to a function doing
nothing. It is called in any case.
This function is a GNU extension and not covered by the @w{System V} or
X/Open specifications.
@end deftypefun
In addition to the function to create and destroy the tree data
structure there is another function which allows to apply a function on
all elements of the tree. The function must have this type:
@smallexample
void __action_fn_t (const void *nodep, VISIT value, int level);
@end smallexample
The @var{nodep} is the data value of the current node (once given as the
@var{key} argument to @code{tsearch}). @var{level} is a numeric value
which corresponds to the depth of the current node in the tree. The
root node has the depth @math{0} and its children have a depth of
@math{1} and so on. The @code{VISIT} type is an enumeration type.
@deftp {Data Type} VISIT
The @code{VISIT} value indicates the status of the current node in the
tree and how the function is called. The status of a node is either
`leaf' or `internal node'. For each leaf node the function is called
exactly once, for each internal node it is called three times: before
the first child is processed, after the first child is processed and
after both children are processed. This makes it possible to handle all
three methods of tree traversal (or even a combination of them).
@table @code
@item preorder
The current node is an internal node and the function is called before
the first child was processed.
@item endorder
The current node is an internal node and the function is called after
the first child was processed.
@item postorder
The current node is an internal node and the function is called after
the second child was processed.
@item leaf
The current node is a leaf.
@end table
@end deftp
@comment search.h
@comment SVID
@deftypefun void twalk (const void *@var{root}, __action_fn_t @var{action})
For each node in the tree with a node pointed to by @var{root} the
@code{twalk} function calls the function provided by the parameter
@var{action}. For leaf nodes the function is called exactly once with
@var{value} set to @code{leaf}. For internal nodes the function is
called three times, setting the @var{value} parameter or @var{action} to
the appropriate value. The @var{level} argument for the @var{action}
function is computed while descending the tree with increasing the value
by one for the descend to a child, starting with the value @math{0} for
the root node.
Since the functions used for the @var{action} parameter to @code{twalk}
must not modify the tree data it is safe to run @code{twalk} is more
than one thread at the same time working on the same tree. It is also
safe to call @code{tfind} in parallel. Functions which modify the tree
must not be used. Otherwise the behaviour is undefined.
@end deftypefun
| @node Searching and Sorting, Pattern Matching, Message Translation, Top
@c %MENU% General searching and sorting functions
@chapter Searching and Sorting
This chapter describes functions for searching and sorting arrays of
arbitrary objects. You pass the appropriate comparison function to be
applied as an argument, along with the size of the objects in the array
and the total number of elements.
@menu
* Comparison Functions:: Defining how to compare two objects.
Since the sort and search facilities
are general, you have to specify the
ordering.
* Array Search Function:: The @code{bsearch} function.
* Array Sort Function:: The @code{qsort} function.
* Search/Sort Example:: An example program.
* Hash Search Function:: The @code{hsearch} function.
* Tree Search Function:: The @code{tsearch} function.
@end menu
@node Comparison Functions
@section Defining the Comparison Function
@cindex Comparison Function
In order to use the sorted array library functions, you have to describe
how to compare the elements of the array.
To do this, you supply a comparison function to compare two elements of
the array. The library will call this function, passing as arguments
pointers to two array elements to be compared. Your comparison function
should return a value the way @code{strcmp} (@pxref{String/Array
Comparison}) does: negative if the first argument is ``less'' than the
second, zero if they are ``equal'', and positive if the first argument
is ``greater''.
Here is an example of a comparison function which works with an array of
numbers of type @code{double}:
@smallexample
int
compare_doubles (const void *a, const void *b)
@{
const double *da = (const double *) a;
const double *db = (const double *) b;
return (*da > *db) - (*da < *db);
@}
@end smallexample
The header file @file{stdlib.h} defines a name for the data type of
comparison functions. This type is a GNU extension.
@comment stdlib.h
@comment GNU
@tindex comparison_fn_t
@smallexample
int comparison_fn_t (const void *, const void *);
@end smallexample
@node Array Search Function
@section Array Search Function
@cindex search function (for arrays)
@cindex binary search function (for arrays)
@cindex array search function
Generally searching for a specific element in an array means that
potentially all elements must be checked. The GNU C library contains
functions to perform linear search. The prototypes for the following
two functions can be found in @file{search.h}.
@comment search.h
@comment SVID
@deftypefun {void *} lfind (const void *@var{key}, void *@var{base}, size_t *@var{nmemb}, size_t @var{size}, comparison_fn_t @var{compar})
The @code{lfind} function searches in the array with @code{*@var{nmemb}}
elements of @var{size} bytes pointed to by @var{base} for an element
which matches the one pointed to by @var{key}. The function pointed to
by @var{compar} is used decide whether two elements match.
The return value is a pointer to the matching element in the array
starting at @var{base} if it is found. If no matching element is
available @code{NULL} is returned.
The mean runtime of this function is @code{*@var{nmemb}}/2. This
function should only be used elements often get added to or deleted from
the array in which case it might not be useful to sort the array before
searching.
@end deftypefun
@comment search.h
@comment SVID
@deftypefun {void *} lsearch (const void *@var{key}, void *@var{base}, size_t *@var{nmemb}, size_t @var{size}, comparison_fn_t @var{compar})
The @code{lsearch} function is similar to the @code{lfind} function. It
searches the given array for an element and returns it if found. The
difference is that if no matching element is found the @code{lsearch}
function adds the object pointed to by @var{key} (with a size of
@var{size} bytes) at the end of the array and it increments the value of
@code{*@var{nmemb}} to reflect this addition.
This means for the caller that if it is not sure that the array contains
the element one is searching for the memory allocated for the array
starting at @var{base} must have room for at least @var{size} more
bytes. If one is sure the element is in the array it is better to use
@code{lfind} so having more room in the array is always necessary when
calling @code{lsearch}.
@end deftypefun
To search a sorted array for an element matching the key, use the
@code{bsearch} function. The prototype for this function is in
the header file @file{stdlib.h}.
@pindex stdlib.h
@comment stdlib.h
@comment ISO
@deftypefun {void *} bsearch (const void *@var{key}, const void *@var{array}, size_t @var{count}, size_t @var{size}, comparison_fn_t @var{compare})
The @code{bsearch} function searches the sorted array @var{array} for an object
that is equivalent to @var{key}. The array contains @var{count} elements,
each of which is of size @var{size} bytes.
The @var{compare} function is used to perform the comparison. This
function is called with two pointer arguments and should return an
integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero corresponding to
whether its first argument is considered less than, equal to, or greater
than its second argument. The elements of the @var{array} must already
be sorted in ascending order according to this comparison function.
The return value is a pointer to the matching array element, or a null
pointer if no match is found. If the array contains more than one element
that matches, the one that is returned is unspecified.
This function derives its name from the fact that it is implemented
using the binary search algorithm.
@end deftypefun
@node Array Sort Function
@section Array Sort Function
@cindex sort function (for arrays)
@cindex quick sort function (for arrays)
@cindex array sort function
To sort an array using an arbitrary comparison function, use the
@code{qsort} function. The prototype for this function is in
@file{stdlib.h}.
@pindex stdlib.h
@comment stdlib.h
@comment ISO
@deftypefun void qsort (void *@var{array}, size_t @var{count}, size_t @var{size}, comparison_fn_t @var{compare})
The @var{qsort} function sorts the array @var{array}. The array contains
@var{count} elements, each of which is of size @var{size}.
The @var{compare} function is used to perform the comparison on the
array elements. This function is called with two pointer arguments and
should return an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero
corresponding to whether its first argument is considered less than,
equal to, or greater than its second argument.
@cindex stable sorting
@strong{Warning:} If two objects compare as equal, their order after
sorting is unpredictable. That is to say, the sorting is not stable.
This can make a difference when the comparison considers only part of
the elements. Two elements with the same sort key may differ in other
respects.
If you want the effect of a stable sort, you can get this result by
writing the comparison function so that, lacking other reason
distinguish between two elements, it compares them by their addresses.
Note that doing this may make the sorting algorithm less efficient, so
do it only if necessary.
Here is a simple example of sorting an array of doubles in numerical
order, using the comparison function defined above (@pxref{Comparison
Functions}):
@smallexample
@{
double *array;
int size;
@dots{}
qsort (array, size, sizeof (double), compare_doubles);
@}
@end smallexample
The @code{qsort} function derives its name from the fact that it was
originally implemented using the ``quick sort'' algorithm.
@end deftypefun
@node Search/Sort Example
@section Searching and Sorting Example
Here is an example showing the use of @code{qsort} and @code{bsearch}
with an array of structures. The objects in the array are sorted
by comparing their @code{name} fields with the @code{strcmp} function.
Then, we can look up individual objects based on their names.
@comment This example is dedicated to the memory of Jim Henson. RIP.
@smallexample
@include search.c.texi
@end smallexample
@cindex Kermit the frog
The output from this program looks like:
@smallexample
Kermit, the frog
Piggy, the pig
Gonzo, the whatever
Fozzie, the bear
Sam, the eagle
Robin, the frog
Animal, the animal
Camilla, the chicken
Sweetums, the monster
Dr. Strangepork, the pig
Link Hogthrob, the pig
Zoot, the human
Dr. Bunsen Honeydew, the human
Beaker, the human
Swedish Chef, the human
Animal, the animal
Beaker, the human
Camilla, the chicken
Dr. Bunsen Honeydew, the human
Dr. Strangepork, the pig
Fozzie, the bear
Gonzo, the whatever
Kermit, the frog
Link Hogthrob, the pig
Piggy, the pig
Robin, the frog
Sam, the eagle
Swedish Chef, the human
Sweetums, the monster
Zoot, the human
Kermit, the frog
Gonzo, the whatever
Couldn't find Janice.
@end smallexample
@node Hash Search Function
@section The @code{hsearch} function.
The functions mentioned so far in this chapter are searching in a sorted
or unsorted array. There are other methods to organize information
which later should be searched. The costs of insert, delete and search
differ. One possible implementation is using hashing tables.
@comment search.h
@comment SVID
@deftypefun int hcreate (size_t @var{nel})
The @code{hcreate} function creates a hashing table which can contain at
least @var{nel} elements. There is no possibility to grow this table so
it is necessary to choose the value for @var{nel} wisely. The used
methods to implement this function might make it necessary to make the
number of elements in the hashing table larger than the expected maximal
number of elements. Hashing tables usually work inefficient if they are
filled 80% or more. The constant access time guaranteed by hashing can
only be achieved if few collisions exist. See Knuth's ``The Art of
Computer Programming, Part 3: Searching and Sorting'' for more
information.
The weakest aspect of this function is that there can be at most one
hashing table used through the whole program. The table is allocated
in local memory out of control of the programmer. As an extension the
GNU C library provides an additional set of functions with an reentrant
interface which provide a similar interface but which allow to keep
arbitrary many hashing tables.
It is possible to use more than one hashing table in the program run if
the former table is first destroyed by a call to @code{hdestroy}.
The function returns a non-zero value if successful. If it return zero
something went wrong. This could either mean there is already a hashing
table in use or the program runs out of memory.
@end deftypefun
@comment search.h
@comment SVID
@deftypefun void hdestroy (void)
The @code{hdestroy} function can be used to free all the resources
allocated in a previous call of @code{hcreate}. After a call to this
function it is again possible to call @code{hcreate} and allocate a new
table with possibly different size.
It is important to remember that the elements contained in the hashing
table at the time @code{hdestroy} is called are @emph{not} freed by this
function. It is the responsibility of the program code to free those
strings (if necessary at all). Freeing all the element memory is not
possible without extra, separately kept information since there is no
function to iterate through all available elements in the hashing table.
If it is really necessary to free a table and all elements the
programmer has to keep a list of all table elements and before calling
@code{hdestroy} s/he has to free all element's data using this list.
This is a very unpleasant mechanism and it also shows that this kind of
hashing tables is mainly meant for tables which are created once and
used until the end of the program run.
@end deftypefun
Entries of the hashing table and keys for the search are defined using
this type:
@deftp {Data type} {struct ENTRY}
Both elements of this structure are pointers to zero-terminated strings.
This is a limiting restriction of the functionality of the
@code{hsearch} functions. They can only be used for data sets which use
the NUL character always and solely to terminate the records. It is not
possible to handle general binary data.
@table @code
@item char *key
Pointer to a zero-terminated string of characters describing the key for
the search or the element in the hashing table.
@item char *data
Pointer to a zero-terminated string of characters describing the data.
If the functions will be called only for searching an existing entry
this element might stay undefined since it is not used.
@end table
@end deftp
@comment search.h
@comment SVID
@deftypefun {ENTRY *} hsearch (ENTRY @var{item}, ACTION @var{action})
To search in a hashing table created using @code{hcreate} the
@code{hsearch} function must be used. This function can perform simple
search for an element (if @var{action} has the @code{FIND}) or it can
alternatively insert the key element into the hashing table, possibly
replacing a previous value (if @var{action} is @code{ENTER}).
The key is denoted by a pointer to an object of type @code{ENTRY}. For
locating the corresponding position in the hashing table only the
@code{key} element of the structure is used.
The return value depends on the @var{action} parameter value. If it is
@code{FIND} the value is a pointer to the matching element in the
hashing table or @code{NULL} if no matching element exists. If
@var{action} is @code{ENTER} the return value is only @code{NULL} if the
programs runs out of memory while adding the new element to the table.
Otherwise the return value is a pointer to the element in the hashing
table which contains newly added element based on the data in @var{key}.
@end deftypefun
As mentioned before the hashing table used by the functions described so
far is global and there can be at any time at most one hashing table in
the program. A solution is to use the following functions which are a
GNU extension. All have in common that they operate on a hashing table
which is described by the content of an object of the type @code{struct
hsearch_data}. This type should be treated as opaque, none of its
members should be changed directly.
@comment search.h
@comment GNU
@deftypefun int hcreate_r (size_t @var{nel}, struct hsearch_data *@var{htab})
The @code{hcreate_r} function initializes the object pointed to by
@var{htab} to contain a hashing table with at least @var{nel} elements.
So this function is equivalent to the @code{hcreate} function except
that the initialized data structure is controlled by the user.
This allows to have more than once hashing table at one time. The
memory necessary for the @code{struct hsearch_data} object can be
allocated dynamically.
The return value is non-zero if the operation were successful. if the
return value is zero something went wrong which probably means the
programs runs out of memory.
@end deftypefun
@comment search.h
@comment GNU
@deftypefun void hdestroy_r (struct hsearch_data *@var{htab})
The @code{hdestroy_r} function frees all resources allocated by the
@code{hcreate_r} function for this very same object @var{htab}. As for
@code{hdestroy} it is the programs responsibility to free the strings
for the elements of the table.
@end deftypefun
@comment search.h
@comment GNU
@deftypefun int hsearch_r (ENTRY @var{item}, ACTION @var{action}, ENTRY **@var{retval}, struct hsearch_data *@var{htab})
The @code{hsearch_r} function is equivalent to @code{hsearch}. The
meaning of the first two arguments is identical. But instead of
operating on a single global hashing table the function works on the
table described by the object pointed to by @var{htab} (which is
initialized by a call to @code{hcreate_r}).
Another difference to @code{hcreate} is that the pointer to the found
entry in the table is not the return value of the functions. It is
returned by storing it in a pointer variables pointed to by the
@var{retval} parameter. The return value of the function is an integer
value indicating success if it is non-zero and failure if it is zero.
In the later case the global variable @var{errno} signals the reason for
the failure.
@table @code
@item ENOMEM
The table is filled and @code{hsearch_r} was called with an so far
unknown key and @var{action} set to @code{ENTER}.
@item ESRCH
The @var{action} parameter is @code{FIND} and no corresponding element
is found in the table.
@end table
@end deftypefun
@node Tree Search Function
@section The @code{tsearch} function.
Another common form to organize data for efficient search is to use
trees. The @code{tsearch} function family provides a nice interface to
functions to organize possibly large amounts of data by providing a mean
access time proportional to the logarithm of the number of elements.
The GNU C library implementation even guarantees that this bound is
never exceeded even for input data which cause problems for simple
binary tree implementations.
The functions described in the chapter are all described in the @w{System
V} and X/Open specifications and are therefore quite portable.
In contrast to the @code{hsearch} functions the @code{tsearch} functions
can be used with arbitrary data and not only zero-terminated strings.
The @code{tsearch} functions have the advantage that no function to
initialize data structures is necessary. A simple pointer of type
@code{void *} initialized to @code{NULL} is a valid tree and can be
extended or searched.
@comment search.h
@comment SVID
@deftypefun {void *} tsearch (const void *@var{key}, void **@var{rootp}, comparison_fn_t @var{compar})
The @code{tsearch} function searches in the tree pointed to by
@code{*@var{rootp}} for an element matching @var{key}. The function
pointed to by @var{compar} is used to determine whether two elements
match. @xref{Comparison Functions}, for a specification of the functions
which can be used for the @var{compar} parameter.
If the tree does not contain a matching entry the @var{key} value will
be added to the tree. @code{tsearch} does not make a copy of the object
pointed to by @var{key} (how could it since the size is unknown).
Instead it adds a reference to this object which means the object must
be available as long as the tree data structure is used.
The tree is represented by a pointer to a pointer since it is sometimes
necessary to change the root node of the tree. So it must not be
assumed that the variable pointed to by @var{rootp} has the same value
after the call. This also shows that it is not safe to call the
@code{tsearch} function more than once at the same time using the same
tree. It is no problem to run it more than once at a time on different
trees.
The return value is a pointer to the matching element in the tree. If a
new element was created the pointer points to the new data (which is in
fact @var{key}). If an entry had to be created and the program ran out
of space @code{NULL} is returned.
@end deftypefun
@comment search.h
@comment SVID
@deftypefun {void *} tfind (const void *@var{key}, void *const *@var{rootp}, comparison_fn_t @var{compar})
The @code{tfind} function is similar to the @code{tsearch} function. It
locates an element matching the one pointed to by @var{key} and returns
a pointer to this element. But if no matching element is available no
new element is entered (note that the @var{rootp} parameter points to a
constant pointer). Instead the function returns @code{NULL}.
@end deftypefun
Another advantage of the @code{tsearch} function in contrast to the
@code{hsearch} functions is that there is an easy way to remove
elements.
@comment search.h
@comment SVID
@deftypefun {void *} tdelete (const void *@var{key}, void **@var{rootp}, comparison_fn_t @var{compar})
To remove a specific element matching @var{key} from the tree
@code{tdelete} can be used. It locates the matching element using the
same method as @code{tfind}. The corresponding element is then removed
and a pointer to the parent of the deleted node is returned by the
function. If there is no matching entry in the tree nothing can be
deleted and the function returns @code{NULL}. If the root of the tree
is deleted @code{tdelete} returns some unspecified value not equal to
@code{NULL}.
@end deftypefun
@comment search.h
@comment GNU
@deftypefun void tdestroy (void *@var{vroot}, __free_fn_t @var{freefct})
If the complete search tree has to be removed one can use
@code{tdestroy}. It frees all resources allocated by the @code{tsearch}
function to generate the tree pointed to by @var{vroot}.
For the data in each tree node the function @var{freefct} is called.
The pointer to the data is passed as the argument to the function. If
no such work is necessary @var{freefct} must point to a function doing
nothing. It is called in any case.
This function is a GNU extension and not covered by the @w{System V} or
X/Open specifications.
@end deftypefun
In addition to the function to create and destroy the tree data
structure there is another function which allows to apply a function on
all elements of the tree. The function must have this type:
@smallexample
void __action_fn_t (const void *nodep, VISIT value, int level);
@end smallexample
The @var{nodep} is the data value of the current node (once given as the
@var{key} argument to @code{tsearch}). @var{level} is a numeric value
which corresponds to the depth of the current node in the tree. The
root node has the depth @math{0} and its children have a depth of
@math{1} and so on. The @code{VISIT} type is an enumeration type.
@deftp {Data Type} VISIT
The @code{VISIT} value indicates the status of the current node in the
tree and how the function is called. The status of a node is either
`leaf' or `internal node'. For each leaf node the function is called
exactly once, for each internal node it is called three times: before
the first child is processed, after the first child is processed and
after both children are processed. This makes it possible to handle all
three methods of tree traversal (or even a combination of them).
@table @code
@item preorder
The current node is an internal node and the function is called before
the first child was processed.
@item endorder
The current node is an internal node and the function is called after
the first child was processed.
@item postorder
The current node is an internal node and the function is called after
the second child was processed.
@item leaf
The current node is a leaf.
@end table
@end deftp
@comment search.h
@comment SVID
@deftypefun void twalk (const void *@var{root}, __action_fn_t @var{action})
For each node in the tree with a node pointed to by @var{root} the
@code{twalk} function calls the function provided by the parameter
@var{action}. For leaf nodes the function is called exactly once with
@var{value} set to @code{leaf}. For internal nodes the function is
called three times, setting the @var{value} parameter or @var{action} to
the appropriate value. The @var{level} argument for the @var{action}
function is computed while descending the tree with increasing the value
by one for the descend to a child, starting with the value @math{0} for
the root node.
Since the functions used for the @var{action} parameter to @code{twalk}
must not modify the tree data it is safe to run @code{twalk} is more
than one thread at the same time working on the same tree. It is also
safe to call @code{tfind} in parallel. Functions which modify the tree
must not be used. Otherwise the behaviour is undefined.
@end deftypefun
|
253,444,729,592,566 | /*
* Copyright (c) 1983, 1988, 1993
* The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
* may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
* without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
static char sccsid[] = "@(#)syslog.c 8.4 (Berkeley) 3/18/94";
#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/syslog.h>
#include <sys/uio.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <paths.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <bits/libc-lock.h>
#include <signal.h>
#if __STDC__
#include <stdarg.h>
#else
#include <varargs.h>
#endif
#ifdef USE_IN_LIBIO
# include <libio/iolibio.h>
# define ftell(s) _IO_ftell (s)
#endif
static int LogType = SOCK_DGRAM; /* type of socket connection */
static int LogFile = -1; /* fd for log */
static int connected; /* have done connect */
static int LogStat; /* status bits, set by openlog() */
static const char *LogTag; /* string to tag the entry with */
static int LogFacility = LOG_USER; /* default facility code */
static int LogMask = 0xff; /* mask of priorities to be logged */
extern char *__progname; /* Program name, from crt0. */
/* Define the lock. */
__libc_lock_define_initialized (static, syslog_lock)
static void openlog_internal(const char *, int, int) internal_function;
static void closelog_internal(void);
static void sigpipe_handler (int);
#ifdef _LIBC_REENTRANT
static void cancel_handler (void *);
#endif
/*
* syslog, vsyslog --
* print message on log file; output is intended for syslogd(8).
*/
void
#if __STDC__
syslog(int pri, const char *fmt, ...)
#else
syslog(pri, fmt, va_alist)
int pri;
char *fmt;
va_dcl
#endif
{
va_list ap;
#if __STDC__
va_start(ap, fmt);
#else
va_start(ap);
#endif
vsyslog(pri, fmt, ap);
va_end(ap);
}
void
vsyslog(pri, fmt, ap)
int pri;
register const char *fmt;
va_list ap;
{
struct tm now_tm;
time_t now;
int fd;
FILE *f;
char *buf = 0;
size_t bufsize = 0;
size_t prioff, msgoff;
struct sigaction action, oldaction;
struct sigaction *oldaction_ptr = NULL;
int sigpipe;
int saved_errno = errno;
#define INTERNALLOG LOG_ERR|LOG_CONS|LOG_PERROR|LOG_PID
/* Check for invalid bits. */
if (pri & ~(LOG_PRIMASK|LOG_FACMASK)) {
syslog(INTERNALLOG,
"syslog: unknown facility/priority: %x", pri);
pri &= LOG_PRIMASK|LOG_FACMASK;
}
/* Check priority against setlogmask values. */
if ((LOG_MASK (LOG_PRI (pri)) & LogMask) == 0)
return;
/* Set default facility if none specified. */
if ((pri & LOG_FACMASK) == 0)
pri |= LogFacility;
/* Build the message in a memory-buffer stream. */
f = open_memstream (&buf, &bufsize);
prioff = fprintf (f, "<%d>", pri);
(void) time (&now);
#ifdef USE_IN_LIBIO
f->_IO_write_ptr += strftime (f->_IO_write_ptr,
f->_IO_write_end - f->_IO_write_ptr,
"%h %e %T ",
__localtime_r (&now, &now_tm));
#else
f->__bufp += strftime (f->__bufp, f->__put_limit - f->__bufp,
"%h %e %T ", __localtime_r (&now, &now_tm));
#endif
msgoff = ftell (f);
if (LogTag == NULL)
LogTag = __progname;
if (LogTag != NULL)
fputs_unlocked (LogTag, f);
if (LogStat & LOG_PID)
fprintf (f, "[%d]", __getpid ());
if (LogTag != NULL)
putc_unlocked (':', f), putc_unlocked (' ', f);
/* Restore errno for %m format. */
__set_errno (saved_errno);
/* We have the header. Print the user's format into the buffer. */
vfprintf (f, fmt, ap);
/* Close the memory stream; this will finalize the data
into a malloc'd buffer in BUF. */
fclose (f);
/* Output to stderr if requested. */
if (LogStat & LOG_PERROR) {
struct iovec iov[2];
register struct iovec *v = iov;
v->iov_base = buf + msgoff;
v->iov_len = bufsize - msgoff;
++v;
v->iov_base = (char *) "\n";
v->iov_len = 1;
(void)__writev(STDERR_FILENO, iov, 2);
}
/* Prepare for multiple users. We have to take care: open and
write are cancellation points. */
__libc_cleanup_region_start ((void (*) (void *)) cancel_handler,
&oldaction_ptr);
__libc_lock_lock (syslog_lock);
/* Prepare for a broken connection. */
memset (&action, 0, sizeof (action));
action.sa_handler = sigpipe_handler;
sigemptyset (&action.sa_mask);
sigpipe = __sigaction (SIGPIPE, &action, &oldaction);
if (sigpipe == 0)
oldaction_ptr = &oldaction;
/* Get connected, output the message to the local logger. */
if (!connected)
openlog_internal(LogTag, LogStat | LOG_NDELAY, 0);
/* If we have a SOCK_STREAM connection, also send ASCII NUL as
a record terminator. */
if (LogType == SOCK_STREAM)
++bufsize;
if (!connected || __send(LogFile, buf, bufsize, 0) < 0)
{
closelog_internal (); /* attempt re-open next time */
/*
* Output the message to the console; don't worry about blocking,
* if console blocks everything will. Make sure the error reported
* is the one from the syslogd failure.
*/
if (LogStat & LOG_CONS &&
(fd = __open(_PATH_CONSOLE, O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY, 0)) >= 0)
{
dprintf (fd, "%s\r\n", buf + msgoff);
(void)__close(fd);
}
}
if (sigpipe == 0)
__sigaction (SIGPIPE, &oldaction, (struct sigaction *) NULL);
/* End of critical section. */
__libc_cleanup_region_end (0);
__libc_lock_unlock (syslog_lock);
free (buf);
}
static struct sockaddr SyslogAddr; /* AF_UNIX address of local logger */
static void
internal_function
openlog_internal(const char *ident, int logstat, int logfac)
{
if (ident != NULL)
LogTag = ident;
LogStat = logstat;
if (logfac != 0 && (logfac &~ LOG_FACMASK) == 0)
LogFacility = logfac;
while (1) {
if (LogFile == -1) {
SyslogAddr.sa_family = AF_UNIX;
(void)strncpy(SyslogAddr.sa_data, _PATH_LOG,
sizeof(SyslogAddr.sa_data));
if (LogStat & LOG_NDELAY) {
if ((LogFile = __socket(AF_UNIX, LogType, 0))
== -1)
return;
(void)__fcntl(LogFile, F_SETFD, 1);
}
}
if (LogFile != -1 && !connected)
{
int old_errno = errno;
if (__connect(LogFile, &SyslogAddr, sizeof(SyslogAddr))
== -1)
{
int saved_errno = errno;
(void)__close(LogFile);
LogFile = -1;
if (LogType == SOCK_DGRAM
&& saved_errno == EPROTOTYPE)
{
/* retry with next SOCK_STREAM: */
LogType = SOCK_STREAM;
__set_errno (old_errno);
continue;
}
} else
connected = 1;
}
break;
}
}
void
openlog (const char *ident, int logstat, int logfac)
{
/* Protect against multiple users. */
__libc_cleanup_region_start ((void (*) __P ((void *))) __libc_mutex_unlock,
&syslog_lock);
__libc_lock_lock (syslog_lock);
openlog_internal (ident, logstat, logfac);
/* Free the lock. */
__libc_cleanup_region_end (1);
}
static void
sigpipe_handler (int signo)
{
closelog_internal ();
}
static void
closelog_internal()
{
if (!connected)
return;
__close (LogFile);
LogFile = -1;
connected = 0;
}
void
closelog ()
{
/* Protect against multiple users. */
__libc_cleanup_region_start ((void (*) __P ((void *))) __libc_mutex_unlock,
&syslog_lock);
__libc_lock_lock (syslog_lock);
closelog_internal ();
LogTag = NULL;
/* Free the lock. */
__libc_cleanup_region_end (1);
}
#ifdef _LIBC_REENTRANT
static void
cancel_handler (void *ptr)
{
/* Restore the old signal handler. */
struct sigaction *oldaction = *((struct sigaction **) ptr);
if (oldaction != (struct sigaction *) NULL)
__sigaction (SIGPIPE, oldaction, (struct sigaction *) NULL);
/* Free the lock. */
__libc_lock_unlock (syslog_lock);
}
#endif
/* setlogmask -- set the log mask level */
int
setlogmask(pmask)
int pmask;
{
int omask;
omask = LogMask;
if (pmask != 0)
LogMask = pmask;
return (omask);
}
| /*
* Copyright (c) 1983, 1988, 1993
* The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
* may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
* without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
static char sccsid[] = "@(#)syslog.c 8.4 (Berkeley) 3/18/94";
#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/syslog.h>
#include <sys/uio.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <paths.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <bits/libc-lock.h>
#include <signal.h>
#if __STDC__
#include <stdarg.h>
#else
#include <varargs.h>
#endif
#ifdef USE_IN_LIBIO
# include <libio/iolibio.h>
# define ftell(s) _IO_ftell (s)
#endif
static int LogType = SOCK_DGRAM; /* type of socket connection */
static int LogFile = -1; /* fd for log */
static int connected; /* have done connect */
static int LogStat; /* status bits, set by openlog() */
static const char *LogTag; /* string to tag the entry with */
static int LogFacility = LOG_USER; /* default facility code */
static int LogMask = 0xff; /* mask of priorities to be logged */
extern char *__progname; /* Program name, from crt0. */
/* Define the lock. */
__libc_lock_define_initialized (static, syslog_lock)
static void openlog_internal(const char *, int, int) internal_function;
static void closelog_internal(void);
static void sigpipe_handler (int);
#ifdef _LIBC_REENTRANT
static void cancel_handler (void *);
#endif
/*
* syslog, vsyslog --
* print message on log file; output is intended for syslogd(8).
*/
void
#if __STDC__
syslog(int pri, const char *fmt, ...)
#else
syslog(pri, fmt, va_alist)
int pri;
char *fmt;
va_dcl
#endif
{
va_list ap;
#if __STDC__
va_start(ap, fmt);
#else
va_start(ap);
#endif
vsyslog(pri, fmt, ap);
va_end(ap);
}
void
vsyslog(pri, fmt, ap)
int pri;
register const char *fmt;
va_list ap;
{
struct tm now_tm;
time_t now;
int fd;
FILE *f;
char *buf = 0;
size_t bufsize = 0;
size_t prioff, msgoff;
struct sigaction action, oldaction;
struct sigaction *oldaction_ptr = NULL;
int sigpipe;
int saved_errno = errno;
#define INTERNALLOG LOG_ERR|LOG_CONS|LOG_PERROR|LOG_PID
/* Check for invalid bits. */
if (pri & ~(LOG_PRIMASK|LOG_FACMASK)) {
syslog(INTERNALLOG,
"syslog: unknown facility/priority: %x", pri);
pri &= LOG_PRIMASK|LOG_FACMASK;
}
/* Check priority against setlogmask values. */
if ((LOG_MASK (LOG_PRI (pri)) & LogMask) == 0)
return;
/* Set default facility if none specified. */
if ((pri & LOG_FACMASK) == 0)
pri |= LogFacility;
/* Build the message in a memory-buffer stream. */
f = open_memstream (&buf, &bufsize);
prioff = fprintf (f, "<%d>", pri);
(void) time (&now);
#ifdef USE_IN_LIBIO
f->_IO_write_ptr += strftime (f->_IO_write_ptr,
f->_IO_write_end - f->_IO_write_ptr,
"%h %e %T ",
__localtime_r (&now, &now_tm));
#else
f->__bufp += strftime (f->__bufp, f->__put_limit - f->__bufp,
"%h %e %T ", __localtime_r (&now, &now_tm));
#endif
msgoff = ftell (f);
if (LogTag == NULL)
LogTag = __progname;
if (LogTag != NULL)
fputs_unlocked (LogTag, f);
if (LogStat & LOG_PID)
fprintf (f, "[%d]", __getpid ());
if (LogTag != NULL)
putc_unlocked (':', f), putc_unlocked (' ', f);
/* Restore errno for %m format. */
__set_errno (saved_errno);
/* We have the header. Print the user's format into the buffer. */
vfprintf (f, fmt, ap);
/* Close the memory stream; this will finalize the data
into a malloc'd buffer in BUF. */
fclose (f);
/* Output to stderr if requested. */
if (LogStat & LOG_PERROR) {
struct iovec iov[2];
register struct iovec *v = iov;
v->iov_base = buf + msgoff;
v->iov_len = bufsize - msgoff;
/* Append a newline if necessary. */
if (buf[bufsize - 1] != '\n')
{
++v;
v->iov_base = (char *) "\n";
v->iov_len = 1;
}
(void)__writev(STDERR_FILENO, iov, v - iov + 1);
}
/* Prepare for multiple users. We have to take care: open and
write are cancellation points. */
__libc_cleanup_region_start ((void (*) (void *)) cancel_handler,
&oldaction_ptr);
__libc_lock_lock (syslog_lock);
/* Prepare for a broken connection. */
memset (&action, 0, sizeof (action));
action.sa_handler = sigpipe_handler;
sigemptyset (&action.sa_mask);
sigpipe = __sigaction (SIGPIPE, &action, &oldaction);
if (sigpipe == 0)
oldaction_ptr = &oldaction;
/* Get connected, output the message to the local logger. */
if (!connected)
openlog_internal(LogTag, LogStat | LOG_NDELAY, 0);
/* If we have a SOCK_STREAM connection, also send ASCII NUL as
a record terminator. */
if (LogType == SOCK_STREAM)
++bufsize;
if (!connected || __send(LogFile, buf, bufsize, 0) < 0)
{
closelog_internal (); /* attempt re-open next time */
/*
* Output the message to the console; don't worry about blocking,
* if console blocks everything will. Make sure the error reported
* is the one from the syslogd failure.
*/
if (LogStat & LOG_CONS &&
(fd = __open(_PATH_CONSOLE, O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY, 0)) >= 0)
{
dprintf (fd, "%s\r\n", buf + msgoff);
(void)__close(fd);
}
}
if (sigpipe == 0)
__sigaction (SIGPIPE, &oldaction, (struct sigaction *) NULL);
/* End of critical section. */
__libc_cleanup_region_end (0);
__libc_lock_unlock (syslog_lock);
free (buf);
}
static struct sockaddr SyslogAddr; /* AF_UNIX address of local logger */
static void
internal_function
openlog_internal(const char *ident, int logstat, int logfac)
{
if (ident != NULL)
LogTag = ident;
LogStat = logstat;
if (logfac != 0 && (logfac &~ LOG_FACMASK) == 0)
LogFacility = logfac;
while (1) {
if (LogFile == -1) {
SyslogAddr.sa_family = AF_UNIX;
(void)strncpy(SyslogAddr.sa_data, _PATH_LOG,
sizeof(SyslogAddr.sa_data));
if (LogStat & LOG_NDELAY) {
if ((LogFile = __socket(AF_UNIX, LogType, 0))
== -1)
return;
(void)__fcntl(LogFile, F_SETFD, 1);
}
}
if (LogFile != -1 && !connected)
{
int old_errno = errno;
if (__connect(LogFile, &SyslogAddr, sizeof(SyslogAddr))
== -1)
{
int saved_errno = errno;
(void)__close(LogFile);
LogFile = -1;
if (LogType == SOCK_DGRAM
&& saved_errno == EPROTOTYPE)
{
/* retry with next SOCK_STREAM: */
LogType = SOCK_STREAM;
__set_errno (old_errno);
continue;
}
} else
connected = 1;
}
break;
}
}
void
openlog (const char *ident, int logstat, int logfac)
{
/* Protect against multiple users. */
__libc_cleanup_region_start ((void (*) __P ((void *))) __libc_mutex_unlock,
&syslog_lock);
__libc_lock_lock (syslog_lock);
openlog_internal (ident, logstat, logfac);
/* Free the lock. */
__libc_cleanup_region_end (1);
}
static void
sigpipe_handler (int signo)
{
closelog_internal ();
}
static void
closelog_internal()
{
if (!connected)
return;
__close (LogFile);
LogFile = -1;
connected = 0;
}
void
closelog ()
{
/* Protect against multiple users. */
__libc_cleanup_region_start ((void (*) __P ((void *))) __libc_mutex_unlock,
&syslog_lock);
__libc_lock_lock (syslog_lock);
closelog_internal ();
LogTag = NULL;
/* Free the lock. */
__libc_cleanup_region_end (1);
}
#ifdef _LIBC_REENTRANT
static void
cancel_handler (void *ptr)
{
/* Restore the old signal handler. */
struct sigaction *oldaction = *((struct sigaction **) ptr);
if (oldaction != (struct sigaction *) NULL)
__sigaction (SIGPIPE, oldaction, (struct sigaction *) NULL);
/* Free the lock. */
__libc_lock_unlock (syslog_lock);
}
#endif
/* setlogmask -- set the log mask level */
int
setlogmask(pmask)
int pmask;
{
int omask;
omask = LogMask;
if (pmask != 0)
LogMask = pmask;
return (omask);
}
|
197,890,948,684,264 | # Copyright (C) 1991,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
# This file is part of the GNU C Library.
# The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
# modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as
# published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
# License, or (at your option) any later version.
# The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
# Library General Public License for more details.
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
# License along with the GNU C Library; see the file COPYING.LIB. If not,
# write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
# Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
#
# Sub-makefile for POSIX portion of the library.
#
subdir := posix
headers := sys/utsname.h sys/times.h sys/wait.h sys/types.h unistd.h \
glob.h regex.h wordexp.h fnmatch.h bits/types.h getopt.h \
bits/posix1_lim.h bits/posix2_lim.h bits/posix_opt.h \
bits/local_lim.h tar.h bits/utsname.h bits/confname.h \
bits/waitflags.h bits/waitstatus.h sys/unistd.h sched.h \
bits/sched.h re_comp.h wait.h bits/environments.h cpio.h \
sys/sysmacros.h
distribute := confstr.h TESTS TESTS2C.sed testcases.h \
PTESTS PTESTS2C.sed ptestcases.h \
globtest.c globtest.sh wordexp-tst.sh annexc.c
routines := \
uname \
times \
wait waitpid wait3 wait4 waitid \
alarm sleep pause nanosleep \
fork vfork _exit \
execve fexecve execv execle execl execvp execlp \
getpid getppid \
getuid geteuid getgid getegid getgroups setuid setgid group_member \
getpgid setpgid getpgrp bsd-getpgrp setpgrp getsid setsid \
getlogin getlogin_r setlogin \
pathconf sysconf fpathconf \
glob glob64 fnmatch regex \
confstr \
getopt getopt1 getopt_init \
sched_setp sched_getp sched_sets sched_gets sched_yield sched_primax \
sched_primin sched_rr_gi \
getaddrinfo gai_strerror wordexp \
pread pwrite pread64 pwrite64
include ../Makeconfig
aux := init-posix environ
tests := tstgetopt testfnm runtests runptests \
tst-preadwrite test-vfork regexbug1
ifeq (yes,$(build-shared))
test-srcs := globtest
tests += wordexp-test
endif
others := getconf
install-bin := getconf
ifeq (yes,$(build-static))
install-lib := libposix.a
endif
gpl2lgpl := getopt.c getopt1.c getopt.h regex.c regex.h
before-compile := testcases.h ptestcases.h
# So they get cleaned up.
generated := $(addprefix wordexp-test-result, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10) \
annexc annexc.out
include ../Rules
ifeq (no,$(cross-compiling))
# globtest and wordexp-test currently only works with shared libraries
ifeq (yes,$(build-shared))
.PHONY: do-globtest do-wordexp-test
tests: do-globtest do-wordexp-test
do-globtest: $(objpfx)globtest
$(SHELL) -e globtest.sh $(common-objpfx) $(elf-objpfx) \
$(rtld-installed-name)
do-wordexp-test: $(objpfx)wordexp-test
$(SHELL) -e wordexp-tst.sh $(common-objpfx) $(elf-objpfx) \
$(rtld-installed-name)
endif
endif
CFLAGS-regex.c = -Wno-unused -Wno-strict-prototypes -DDEBUG
CFLAGS-getaddrinfo.c = -DRESOLVER
$(objpfx)libposix.a: $(dep-dummy-lib); $(make-dummy-lib)
lib: $(objpfx)libposix.a
testcases.h: TESTS TESTS2C.sed
sed -f TESTS2C.sed < $< > $@T
mv -f $@T $@
ifeq ($(with-cvs),yes)
test ! -d CVS || cvs $(CVSOPTS) commit -mRegenerated $@
endif
ptestcases.h: PTESTS PTESTS2C.sed
sed -f PTESTS2C.sed < $< > $@T
mv -f $@T $@
ifeq ($(with-cvs),yes)
test ! -d CVS || cvs $(CVSOPTS) commit -mRegenerated $@
endif
# Make the standalone glob/fnmatch package.
glob.tar: glob/ChangeLog glob/COPYING.LIB \
glob/Makefile.in glob/configure glob/configure.in glob/configure.bat\
glob/SCOPTIONS glob/SMakefile glob/Makefile.ami \
glob/fnmatch.h glob/glob.h glob/fnmatch.c glob/glob.c
tar cho$(verbose)f $@ $^
glob/%.c: %.c
rm -f $@
ln -s ../$< $@
glob/%.h: %.h
rm -f $@
ln -s ../$< $@
glob/configure: glob/configure.in
cd glob && autoconf $(ACFLAGS)
ifeq ($(with-cvs),yes)
test ! -d CVS || cvs $(CVSOPTS) commit -m'Regenerated: autoconf $(ACFLAGS) $<' $@
endif
glob/ChangeLog: ../ChangeLog
changelog-extract --regexp 'posix/(glob|fnmatch).*' < $< > $@.new
chmod a-w $@.new
mv -f $@.new $@
ifeq ($(with-cvs),yes)
test ! -d CVS || cvs $(CVSOPTS) commit -mRegenerated $@
endif
%.Z: %
compress -c $< > $@-tmp
mv $@-tmp $@
%.gz: %
gzip -9v -c $< > $@-tmp
mv $@-tmp $@
# Run a test on the header files we use.
# XXX Please note that for now we ignore the result of this test.
tests: $(objpfx)annexc
-$(dir $<)$(notdir $<) '$(CC)' \
'-I../include -I.. $(+sysdep-includes)' > $<.out
$(objpfx)annexc: annexc.c
$(native-compile)
| # Copyright (C) 1991,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
# This file is part of the GNU C Library.
# The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
# modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as
# published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
# License, or (at your option) any later version.
# The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
# Library General Public License for more details.
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
# License along with the GNU C Library; see the file COPYING.LIB. If not,
# write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
# Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
#
# Sub-makefile for POSIX portion of the library.
#
subdir := posix
headers := sys/utsname.h sys/times.h sys/wait.h sys/types.h unistd.h \
glob.h regex.h wordexp.h fnmatch.h bits/types.h getopt.h \
bits/posix1_lim.h bits/posix2_lim.h bits/posix_opt.h \
bits/local_lim.h tar.h bits/utsname.h bits/confname.h \
bits/waitflags.h bits/waitstatus.h sys/unistd.h sched.h \
bits/sched.h re_comp.h wait.h bits/environments.h cpio.h \
sys/sysmacros.h
distribute := confstr.h TESTS TESTS2C.sed testcases.h \
PTESTS PTESTS2C.sed ptestcases.h \
globtest.c globtest.sh wordexp-tst.sh annexc.c
routines := \
uname \
times \
wait waitpid wait3 wait4 waitid \
alarm sleep pause nanosleep \
fork vfork _exit \
execve fexecve execv execle execl execvp execlp \
getpid getppid \
getuid geteuid getgid getegid getgroups setuid setgid group_member \
getpgid setpgid getpgrp bsd-getpgrp setpgrp getsid setsid \
getlogin getlogin_r setlogin \
pathconf sysconf fpathconf \
glob glob64 fnmatch regex \
confstr \
getopt getopt1 getopt_init \
sched_setp sched_getp sched_sets sched_gets sched_yield sched_primax \
sched_primin sched_rr_gi \
getaddrinfo gai_strerror wordexp \
pread pwrite pread64 pwrite64
include ../Makeconfig
aux := init-posix environ
tests := tstgetopt testfnm runtests runptests \
tst-preadwrite test-vfork regexbug1 tst-getlogin
ifeq (yes,$(build-shared))
test-srcs := globtest
tests += wordexp-test
endif
others := getconf
install-bin := getconf
ifeq (yes,$(build-static))
install-lib := libposix.a
endif
gpl2lgpl := getopt.c getopt1.c getopt.h regex.c regex.h
before-compile := testcases.h ptestcases.h
# So they get cleaned up.
generated := $(addprefix wordexp-test-result, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10) \
annexc annexc.out
include ../Rules
ifeq (no,$(cross-compiling))
# globtest and wordexp-test currently only works with shared libraries
ifeq (yes,$(build-shared))
.PHONY: do-globtest do-wordexp-test
tests: do-globtest do-wordexp-test
do-globtest: $(objpfx)globtest
$(SHELL) -e globtest.sh $(common-objpfx) $(elf-objpfx) \
$(rtld-installed-name)
do-wordexp-test: $(objpfx)wordexp-test
$(SHELL) -e wordexp-tst.sh $(common-objpfx) $(elf-objpfx) \
$(rtld-installed-name)
endif
endif
CFLAGS-regex.c = -Wno-unused -Wno-strict-prototypes -DDEBUG
CFLAGS-getaddrinfo.c = -DRESOLVER
$(objpfx)libposix.a: $(dep-dummy-lib); $(make-dummy-lib)
lib: $(objpfx)libposix.a
testcases.h: TESTS TESTS2C.sed
sed -f TESTS2C.sed < $< > $@T
mv -f $@T $@
ifeq ($(with-cvs),yes)
test ! -d CVS || cvs $(CVSOPTS) commit -mRegenerated $@
endif
ptestcases.h: PTESTS PTESTS2C.sed
sed -f PTESTS2C.sed < $< > $@T
mv -f $@T $@
ifeq ($(with-cvs),yes)
test ! -d CVS || cvs $(CVSOPTS) commit -mRegenerated $@
endif
# Make the standalone glob/fnmatch package.
glob.tar: glob/ChangeLog glob/COPYING.LIB \
glob/Makefile.in glob/configure glob/configure.in glob/configure.bat\
glob/SCOPTIONS glob/SMakefile glob/Makefile.ami \
glob/fnmatch.h glob/glob.h glob/fnmatch.c glob/glob.c
tar cho$(verbose)f $@ $^
glob/%.c: %.c
rm -f $@
ln -s ../$< $@
glob/%.h: %.h
rm -f $@
ln -s ../$< $@
glob/configure: glob/configure.in
cd glob && autoconf $(ACFLAGS)
ifeq ($(with-cvs),yes)
test ! -d CVS || cvs $(CVSOPTS) commit -m'Regenerated: autoconf $(ACFLAGS) $<' $@
endif
glob/ChangeLog: ../ChangeLog
changelog-extract --regexp 'posix/(glob|fnmatch).*' < $< > $@.new
chmod a-w $@.new
mv -f $@.new $@
ifeq ($(with-cvs),yes)
test ! -d CVS || cvs $(CVSOPTS) commit -mRegenerated $@
endif
%.Z: %
compress -c $< > $@-tmp
mv $@-tmp $@
%.gz: %
gzip -9v -c $< > $@-tmp
mv $@-tmp $@
# Run a test on the header files we use.
# XXX Please note that for now we ignore the result of this test.
tests: $(objpfx)annexc
-$(dir $<)$(notdir $<) '$(CC)' \
'-I../include -I.. $(+sysdep-includes)' > $<.out
$(objpfx)annexc: annexc.c
$(native-compile)
|
55,018,883,367,054 | null | /* Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of the GNU C Library.
The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as
published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
License, or (at your option) any later version.
The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
Library General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
License along with the GNU C Library; see the file COPYING.LIB. If not,
write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. */
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int
main (void)
{
char *login;
int errors = 0;
login = getlogin ();
if (login == NULL)
puts ("getlogin returned NULL, no further tests");
else
{
char name[1024];
int ret;
printf ("getlogin returned: `%s'\n", login);
ret = getlogin_r (name, sizeof (name));
if (ret == 0)
{
printf ("getlogin_r returned: `%s'\n", name);
if (strcmp (name, login) != 0)
{
puts ("Error: getlogin and getlogin_r returned different names");
++errors;
}
}
else
{
printf ("Error: getlogin_r returned: %d (%s)\n",
ret, strerror (ret));
++errors;
}
}
return errors != 0;
}
|
156,577,410,779,052 | /* Reentrant function to return the current login name. Unix version.
Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1996, 1997, 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of the GNU C Library.
The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as
published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
License, or (at your option) any later version.
The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
Library General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
License along with the GNU C Library; see the file COPYING.LIB. If not,
write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. */
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <utmp.h>
/* Return at most NAME_LEN characters of the login name of the user in NAME.
If it cannot be determined or some other error occurred, return the error
code. Otherwise return 0. */
int
getlogin_r (name, name_len)
char *name;
size_t name_len;
{
char tty_pathname[2 + 2 * NAME_MAX];
char *real_tty_path = tty_pathname;
int result = 0;
struct utmp *ut, line, buffer;
{
int d = __open ("/dev/tty", 0);
if (d < 0)
return errno;
result = __ttyname_r (d, real_tty_path, sizeof (tty_pathname));
(void) __close (d);
if (result != 0)
{
__set_errno (result);
return result;
}
}
real_tty_path += 5; /* Remove "/dev/". */
__setutent ();
strncpy (line.ut_line, real_tty_path, sizeof line.ut_line);
if (__getutline_r (&line, &buffer, &ut) < 0)
{
if (errno == ESRCH)
/* The caller expects ENOENT if nothing is found. */
result = ENOENT;
else
result = errno;
}
else
{
size_t needed = strlen (ut->ut_line) + 1;
if (needed < name_len)
{
__set_errno (ERANGE);
result = ERANGE;
}
else
{
memcpy (name, ut->ut_line, needed);
result = 0;
}
}
__endutent ();
return result;
}
| /* Reentrant function to return the current login name. Unix version.
Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1996, 1997, 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of the GNU C Library.
The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as
published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
License, or (at your option) any later version.
The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
Library General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
License along with the GNU C Library; see the file COPYING.LIB. If not,
write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. */
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <utmp.h>
/* Return at most NAME_LEN characters of the login name of the user in NAME.
If it cannot be determined or some other error occurred, return the error
code. Otherwise return 0. */
int
getlogin_r (name, name_len)
char *name;
size_t name_len;
{
char tty_pathname[2 + 2 * NAME_MAX];
char *real_tty_path = tty_pathname;
int result = 0;
struct utmp *ut, line, buffer;
/* Get name of tty connected to fd 0. Return if not a tty or
if fd 0 isn't open. Note that a lot of documentation says that
getlogin() is based on the controlling terminal---what they
really mean is "the terminal connected to standard input". The
getlogin() implementation of DEC Unix, SunOS, Solaris, HP-UX all
return NULL if fd 0 has been closed, so this is the compatible
thing to do. Note that ttyname(open("/dev/tty")) on those
systems returns /dev/tty, so that is not a possible solution for
getlogin(). */
result = __ttyname_r (0, real_tty_path, sizeof (tty_pathname));
if (result != 0)
return result;
real_tty_path += 5; /* Remove "/dev/". */
__setutent ();
strncpy (line.ut_line, real_tty_path, sizeof line.ut_line);
if (__getutline_r (&line, &buffer, &ut) < 0)
{
if (errno == ESRCH)
/* The caller expects ENOENT if nothing is found. */
result = ENOENT;
else
result = errno;
}
else
{
size_t needed = strlen (ut->ut_user) + 1;
if (needed > name_len)
{
__set_errno (ERANGE);
result = ERANGE;
}
else
{
memcpy (name, ut->ut_user, needed);
result = 0;
}
}
__endutent ();
return result;
}
|
141,531,825,318,645 | /* Bit values & structures for resource limits. Linux version.
Copyright (C) 1994, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of the GNU C Library.
The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as
published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
License, or (at your option) any later version.
The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
Library General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
License along with the GNU C Library; see the file COPYING.LIB. If not,
write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. */
#ifndef _SYS_RESOURCE_H
# error "Never use <bits/resource.h> directly; include <sys/resource.h> instead."
#endif
#include <asm/resource.h>
#include <bits/types.h>
/* Transmute defines to enumerations. The macro re-definitions are
necessary because some programs want to test for operating system
features with #ifdef RUSAGE_SELF. In ISO C the reflexive
definition is a no-op. */
/* Kinds of resource limit. */
enum __rlimit_resource
{
/* Per-process CPU limit, in seconds. */
_RLIMIT_CPU = RLIMIT_CPU,
#undef RLIMIT_CPU
RLIMIT_CPU = _RLIMIT_CPU,
#define RLIMIT_CPU RLIMIT_CPU
/* Largest file that can be created, in bytes. */
_RLIMIT_FSIZE = RLIMIT_FSIZE,
#undef RLIMIT_FSIZE
RLIMIT_FSIZE = _RLIMIT_FSIZE,
#define RLIMIT_FSIZE RLIMIT_FSIZE
/* Maximum size of data segment, in bytes. */
_RLIMIT_DATA = RLIMIT_DATA,
#undef RLIMIT_DATA
RLIMIT_DATA = _RLIMIT_DATA,
#define RLIMIT_DATA RLIMIT_DATA
/* Maximum size of stack segment, in bytes. */
_RLIMIT_STACK = RLIMIT_STACK,
#undef RLIMIT_STACK
RLIMIT_STACK = _RLIMIT_STACK,
#define RLIMIT_STACK RLIMIT_STACK
/* Largest core file that can be created, in bytes. */
_RLIMIT_CORE = RLIMIT_CORE,
#undef RLIMIT_CORE
RLIMIT_CORE = _RLIMIT_CORE,
#define RLIMIT_CORE RLIMIT_CORE
/* Largest resident set size, in bytes.
This affects swapping; processes that are exceeding their
resident set size will be more likely to have physical memory
taken from them. */
_RLIMIT_RSS = RLIMIT_RSS,
#undef RLIMIT_RSS
RLIMIT_RSS = _RLIMIT_RSS,
#define RLIMIT_RSS RLIMIT_RSS
/* Number of open files. */
_RLIMIT_NOFILE = RLIMIT_NOFILE,
#undef RLIMIT_NOFILE
RLIMIT_NOFILE = _RLIMIT_NOFILE,
RLIMIT_OFILE = RLIMIT_NOFILE, /* BSD name for same. */
#define RLIMIT_NOFILE RLIMIT_NOFILE
#define RLIMIT_OFILE RLIMIT_OFILE
/* Address space limit (?) */
_RLIMIT_AS = RLIMIT_AS,
#undef RLIMIT_AS
RLIMIT_AS = _RLIMIT_AS,
#define RLIMIT_AS RLIMIT_AS
/* Number of processes. */
_RLIMIT_NPROC = RLIMIT_NPROC,
#undef RLIMIT_NPROC
RLIMIT_NPROC = _RLIMIT_NPROC,
#define RLIMIT_NPROC RLIMIT_NPROC
/* Locked-in-memory address space. */
_RLIMIT_MEMLOCK = RLIMIT_MEMLOCK,
#undef RLIMIT_MEMLOCK
RLIMIT_MEMLOCK = _RLIMIT_MEMLOCK,
#define RLIMIT_MEMLOCK RLIMIT_MEMLOCK
RLIMIT_NLIMITS = RLIM_NLIMITS,
#undef RLIM_NLIMITS
RLIM_NLIMITS = RLIMIT_NLIMITS
#define RLIMIT_NLIMITS RLIMIT_NLIMITS
#define RLIM_NLIMITS RLIM_NLIMITS
};
/* Value to indicate that there is no limit. */
#ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
# define RLIM_INFINITY ((unsigned long int)(~0UL))
#else
# define RLIM_INFINITY 0xffffffffffffffffuLL
#endif
#ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
# define RLIM64_INFINITY 0xffffffffffffffffuLL
#endif
/* We can represent all limits. */
#define RLIM_SAVED_MAX RLIM_INFINITY
#define RLIM_SAVED_CUR RLIM_INFINITY
/* Type for resource quantity measurement. */
#ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
typedef __rlim_t rlim_t;
#else
typedef __rlim64_t rlim_t;
#endif
#ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
typedef __rlim64_t rlim64_t;
#endif
struct rlimit
{
/* The current (soft) limit. */
rlim_t rlim_cur;
/* The hard limit. */
rlim_t rlim_max;
};
#ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
struct rlimit64
{
/* The current (soft) limit. */
rlim64_t rlim_cur;
/* The hard limit. */
rlim64_t rlim_max;
};
#endif
/* Whose usage statistics do you want? */
enum __rusage_who
{
/* The calling process. */
RUSAGE_SELF = 0,
#define RUSAGE_SELF RUSAGE_SELF
/* All of its terminated child processes. */
RUSAGE_CHILDREN = -1,
#define RUSAGE_CHILDREN RUSAGE_CHILDREN
/* Both. */
RUSAGE_BOTH = -2
#define RUSAGE_BOTH RUSAGE_BOTH
};
#define __need_timeval
#include <bits/time.h> /* For `struct timeval'. */
/* Structure which says how much of each resource has been used. */
struct rusage
{
/* Total amount of user time used. */
struct timeval ru_utime;
/* Total amount of system time used. */
struct timeval ru_stime;
/* Maximum resident set size (in kilobytes). */
long int ru_maxrss;
/* Amount of sharing of text segment memory
with other processes (kilobyte-seconds). */
long int ru_ixrss;
/* Amount of data segment memory used (kilobyte-seconds). */
long int ru_idrss;
/* Amount of stack memory used (kilobyte-seconds). */
long int ru_isrss;
/* Number of soft page faults (i.e. those serviced by reclaiming
a page from the list of pages awaiting reallocation. */
long int ru_minflt;
/* Number of hard page faults (i.e. those that required I/O). */
long int ru_majflt;
/* Number of times a process was swapped out of physical memory. */
long int ru_nswap;
/* Number of input operations via the file system. Note: This
and `ru_oublock' do not include operations with the cache. */
long int ru_inblock;
/* Number of output operations via the file system. */
long int ru_oublock;
/* Number of IPC messages sent. */
long int ru_msgsnd;
/* Number of IPC messages received. */
long int ru_msgrcv;
/* Number of signals delivered. */
long int ru_nsignals;
/* Number of voluntary context switches, i.e. because the process
gave up the process before it had to (usually to wait for some
resource to be available). */
long int ru_nvcsw;
/* Number of involuntary context switches, i.e. a higher priority process
became runnable or the current process used up its time slice. */
long int ru_nivcsw;
};
/* Priority limits. */
#define PRIO_MIN -20 /* Minimum priority a process can have. */
#define PRIO_MAX 20 /* Maximum priority a process can have. */
/* The type of the WHICH argument to `getpriority' and `setpriority',
indicating what flavor of entity the WHO argument specifies. */
enum __priority_which
{
PRIO_PROCESS = 0, /* WHO is a process ID. */
PRIO_PGRP = 1, /* WHO is a process group ID. */
PRIO_USER = 2 /* WHO is a user ID. */
};
| /* Bit values & structures for resource limits. Linux version.
Copyright (C) 1994, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of the GNU C Library.
The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as
published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
License, or (at your option) any later version.
The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
Library General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
License along with the GNU C Library; see the file COPYING.LIB. If not,
write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. */
#ifndef _SYS_RESOURCE_H
# error "Never use <bits/resource.h> directly; include <sys/resource.h> instead."
#endif
#include <asm/resource.h>
#include <bits/types.h>
/* Transmute defines to enumerations. The macro re-definitions are
necessary because some programs want to test for operating system
features with #ifdef RUSAGE_SELF. In ISO C the reflexive
definition is a no-op. */
/* Kinds of resource limit. */
enum __rlimit_resource
{
/* Per-process CPU limit, in seconds. */
_RLIMIT_CPU = RLIMIT_CPU,
#undef RLIMIT_CPU
RLIMIT_CPU = _RLIMIT_CPU,
#define RLIMIT_CPU RLIMIT_CPU
/* Largest file that can be created, in bytes. */
_RLIMIT_FSIZE = RLIMIT_FSIZE,
#undef RLIMIT_FSIZE
RLIMIT_FSIZE = _RLIMIT_FSIZE,
#define RLIMIT_FSIZE RLIMIT_FSIZE
/* Maximum size of data segment, in bytes. */
_RLIMIT_DATA = RLIMIT_DATA,
#undef RLIMIT_DATA
RLIMIT_DATA = _RLIMIT_DATA,
#define RLIMIT_DATA RLIMIT_DATA
/* Maximum size of stack segment, in bytes. */
_RLIMIT_STACK = RLIMIT_STACK,
#undef RLIMIT_STACK
RLIMIT_STACK = _RLIMIT_STACK,
#define RLIMIT_STACK RLIMIT_STACK
/* Largest core file that can be created, in bytes. */
_RLIMIT_CORE = RLIMIT_CORE,
#undef RLIMIT_CORE
RLIMIT_CORE = _RLIMIT_CORE,
#define RLIMIT_CORE RLIMIT_CORE
/* Largest resident set size, in bytes.
This affects swapping; processes that are exceeding their
resident set size will be more likely to have physical memory
taken from them. */
_RLIMIT_RSS = RLIMIT_RSS,
#undef RLIMIT_RSS
RLIMIT_RSS = _RLIMIT_RSS,
#define RLIMIT_RSS RLIMIT_RSS
/* Number of open files. */
_RLIMIT_NOFILE = RLIMIT_NOFILE,
#undef RLIMIT_NOFILE
RLIMIT_NOFILE = _RLIMIT_NOFILE,
RLIMIT_OFILE = RLIMIT_NOFILE, /* BSD name for same. */
#define RLIMIT_NOFILE RLIMIT_NOFILE
#define RLIMIT_OFILE RLIMIT_OFILE
/* Address space limit (?) */
_RLIMIT_AS = RLIMIT_AS,
#undef RLIMIT_AS
RLIMIT_AS = _RLIMIT_AS,
#define RLIMIT_AS RLIMIT_AS
/* Number of processes. */
_RLIMIT_NPROC = RLIMIT_NPROC,
#undef RLIMIT_NPROC
RLIMIT_NPROC = _RLIMIT_NPROC,
#define RLIMIT_NPROC RLIMIT_NPROC
/* Locked-in-memory address space. */
_RLIMIT_MEMLOCK = RLIMIT_MEMLOCK,
#undef RLIMIT_MEMLOCK
RLIMIT_MEMLOCK = _RLIMIT_MEMLOCK,
#define RLIMIT_MEMLOCK RLIMIT_MEMLOCK
RLIMIT_NLIMITS = RLIM_NLIMITS,
#undef RLIM_NLIMITS
RLIM_NLIMITS = RLIMIT_NLIMITS
#define RLIMIT_NLIMITS RLIMIT_NLIMITS
#define RLIM_NLIMITS RLIM_NLIMITS
};
/* Value to indicate that there is no limit. */
#ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
# define RLIM_INFINITY ((unsigned long int)(~0UL))
#else
# define RLIM_INFINITY 0xffffffffffffffffuLL
#endif
#ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
# define RLIM64_INFINITY 0xffffffffffffffffuLL
#endif
/* We can represent all limits. */
#define RLIM_SAVED_MAX RLIM_INFINITY
#define RLIM_SAVED_CUR RLIM_INFINITY
/* Type for resource quantity measurement. */
#ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
typedef __rlim_t rlim_t;
#else
typedef __rlim64_t rlim_t;
#endif
#ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
typedef __rlim64_t rlim64_t;
#endif
struct rlimit
{
/* The current (soft) limit. */
rlim_t rlim_cur;
/* The hard limit. */
rlim_t rlim_max;
};
#ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
struct rlimit64
{
/* The current (soft) limit. */
rlim64_t rlim_cur;
/* The hard limit. */
rlim64_t rlim_max;
};
#endif
/* Whose usage statistics do you want? */
enum __rusage_who
{
/* The calling process. */
RUSAGE_SELF = 0,
#define RUSAGE_SELF RUSAGE_SELF
/* All of its terminated child processes. */
RUSAGE_CHILDREN = -1,
#define RUSAGE_CHILDREN RUSAGE_CHILDREN
/* Both. */
RUSAGE_BOTH = -2
#define RUSAGE_BOTH RUSAGE_BOTH
};
#define __need_timeval
#include <bits/time.h> /* For `struct timeval'. */
/* Structure which says how much of each resource has been used. */
struct rusage
{
/* Total amount of user time used. */
struct timeval ru_utime;
/* Total amount of system time used. */
struct timeval ru_stime;
/* Maximum resident set size (in kilobytes). */
long int ru_maxrss;
/* Amount of sharing of text segment memory
with other processes (kilobyte-seconds). */
long int ru_ixrss;
/* Amount of data segment memory used (kilobyte-seconds). */
long int ru_idrss;
/* Amount of stack memory used (kilobyte-seconds). */
long int ru_isrss;
/* Number of soft page faults (i.e. those serviced by reclaiming
a page from the list of pages awaiting reallocation. */
long int ru_minflt;
/* Number of hard page faults (i.e. those that required I/O). */
long int ru_majflt;
/* Number of times a process was swapped out of physical memory. */
long int ru_nswap;
/* Number of input operations via the file system. Note: This
and `ru_oublock' do not include operations with the cache. */
long int ru_inblock;
/* Number of output operations via the file system. */
long int ru_oublock;
/* Number of IPC messages sent. */
long int ru_msgsnd;
/* Number of IPC messages received. */
long int ru_msgrcv;
/* Number of signals delivered. */
long int ru_nsignals;
/* Number of voluntary context switches, i.e. because the process
gave up the process before it had to (usually to wait for some
resource to be available). */
long int ru_nvcsw;
/* Number of involuntary context switches, i.e. a higher priority process
became runnable or the current process used up its time slice. */
long int ru_nivcsw;
};
/* Priority limits. */
#define PRIO_MIN -20 /* Minimum priority a process can have. */
#define PRIO_MAX 20 /* Maximum priority a process can have. */
/* The type of the WHICH argument to `getpriority' and `setpriority',
indicating what flavor of entity the WHO argument specifies. */
enum __priority_which
{
PRIO_PROCESS = 0, /* WHO is a process ID. */
#define PRIO_PROCESS PRIO_PROCESS
PRIO_PGRP = 1, /* WHO is a process group ID. */
#define PRIO_PGRP PRIO_PGRP
PRIO_USER = 2 /* WHO is a user ID. */
#define PRIO_USER PRIO_USER
};
|
233,806,228,448,712 | "# @(#)africa\t7.31\n\n# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,\n# go(...TRUNCATED) | "# @(#)africa\t7.32\n\n# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,\n# go(...TRUNCATED) |
79,361,839,694,850 | "# @(#)asia\t7.48\n\n# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,\n# go a(...TRUNCATED) | "# @(#)asia\t7.49\n\n# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,\n# go a(...TRUNCATED) |
226,407,325,045,629 | "# @(#)australasia\t7.51\n# This file also includes Pacific islands.\n\n# Notes are at the end of th(...TRUNCATED) | "# @(#)australasia\t7.52\n# This file also includes Pacific islands.\n\n# Notes are at the end of th(...TRUNCATED) |
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