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transportation sector | faces challenges including | limited fossil fuel supply and high greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions | The transportation sector faces significant challenges, including limited fossil fuel supply and high greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions | From the given context, extract meaningful head, tail and the relationship between them. |
renewable drop-in fuels | help reduce | GHG emissions | To address these issues, the use of renewable drop-in fuels can help reduce GHG emissions from the current vehicle fleet and meet the European Union's goal of becoming climate neutral by 2050. | From the given context, extract meaningful head, tail and the relationship between them. |
renewable fuels | can be used to substitute | fossil Diesel | Renewable fuels, such as bio-Diesel and hydrogen, can be used to substitute fossil Diesel in internal combustion engines, providing a carbon-neutral alternative | From the given context, extract meaningful head, tail and the relationship between them. |
bio-Diesel | is a type of | renewable fuels | Renewable fuels, such as bio-Diesel and hydrogen, can be used to substitute fossil Diesel in internal combustion engines, providing a carbon-neutral alternative | From the given context, extract meaningful head, tail and the relationship between them. |
hydrogen | is a type of | renewable fuels | Renewable fuels, such as bio-Diesel and hydrogen, can be used to substitute fossil Diesel in internal combustion engines, providing a carbon-neutral alternative | From the given context, extract meaningful head, tail and the relationship between them. |
fuels | can be produced through | Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and hydroformylation/hydrogenation reactions | These fuels can be produced through various pathways, including Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and hydroformylation/hydrogenation reactions, using biomass feedstock | From the given context, extract meaningful head, tail and the relationship between them. |
fuels | produced from | biomass feedstock | These fuels can be produced through various pathways, including Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and hydroformylation/hydrogenation reactions, using biomass feedstock | From the given context, extract meaningful head, tail and the relationship between them. |
fuels | can be blended with | fossil Diesel | The resulting fuels can be blended with fossil Diesel to create drop-in renewable fuels. | From the given context, extract meaningful head, tail and the relationship between them. |
renewable fuels | can lead to significant reductions in | emissions | The use of renewable fuels can lead to significant reductions in emissions, including carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and filter smoke number (FSN) emissions. | From the given context, extract meaningful head, tail and the relationship between them. |
emissions | include | carbon dioxide (CO2) | The use of renewable fuels can lead to significant reductions in emissions, including carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and filter smoke number (FSN) emissions. | From the given context, extract meaningful head, tail and the relationship between them. |
emissions | include | hydrocarbon (HC) | The use of renewable fuels can lead to significant reductions in emissions, including carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and filter smoke number (FSN) emissions. | From the given context, extract meaningful head, tail and the relationship between them. |
emissions | include | carbon monoxide (CO) | The use of renewable fuels can lead to significant reductions in emissions, including carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and filter smoke number (FSN) emissions. | From the given context, extract meaningful head, tail and the relationship between them. |
emissions | include | filter smoke number (FSN) | The use of renewable fuels can lead to significant reductions in emissions, including carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and filter smoke number (FSN) emissions. | From the given context, extract meaningful head, tail and the relationship between them. |
renewable fuels | improve | engine performance | Additionally, renewable fuels can improve engine performance, including indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE). | From the given context, extract meaningful head, tail and the relationship between them. |
renewable fuels | result in | lower CO2, HC, CO, and FSN emissions | Experiments have shown that renewable fuels result in lower CO2, HC, CO, and FSN emissions compared to fossil Diesel fuel | From the given context, extract meaningful head, tail and the relationship between them. |
renewable fuels | compared to | fossil Diesel fuel | Experiments have shown that renewable fuels result in lower CO2, HC, CO, and FSN emissions compared to fossil Diesel fuel | From the given context, extract meaningful head, tail and the relationship between them. |
renewable fuels | leads to | better ITE and BTE | The use of renewable fuels also leads to better ITE and BTE, and can reduce NOx emissions | From the given context, extract meaningful head, tail and the relationship between them. |
renewable fuels | can reduce | NOx emissions | The use of renewable fuels also leads to better ITE and BTE, and can reduce NOx emissions | From the given context, extract meaningful head, tail and the relationship between them. |
renewable fuels | have properties | density, cetane number, boiling point, and viscosity | The properties of renewable fuels, including density, cetane number, boiling point, and viscosity, affect their performance in engines. | From the given context, extract meaningful head, tail and the relationship between them. |
renewable fuels | can be produced through | carbon capture and syngas production | The production of renewable fuels can be done through various methods, including carbon capture and syngas production | From the given context, extract meaningful head, tail and the relationship between them. |
biomass gasification | method to produce | renewable fuels | The use of biomass gasification and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis can produce renewable fuels with high cetane numbers and low sulfur content | From the given context, extract meaningful head, tail and the relationship between them. |
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis | method to produce | renewable fuels | The use of biomass gasification and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis can produce renewable fuels with high cetane numbers and low sulfur content | From the given context, extract meaningful head, tail and the relationship between them. |
renewable fuels | blending with | fossil Diesel | The blending of renewable fuels with fossil Diesel can help meet global fuel standards, including EN590 and CARB. | From the given context, extract meaningful head, tail and the relationship between them. |
renewable fuels | reduce dependence on | fossil fuels | The use of renewable fuels can reduce dependence on fossil fuels and help achieve climate neutrality | From the given context, extract meaningful head, tail and the relationship between them. |
transportation sector | can be made sustainable and carbon-neutral by | advanced technologies | The development and use of advanced technologies, including carbon capture and syngas production, can help ensure a sustainable and carbon-neutral transportation sector. | From the given context, extract meaningful head, tail and the relationship between them. |
renewable fuels | improve | combustion | Studies have shown that renewable fuels improve combustion and increase indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) at all load points tested | From the given context, extract meaningful head, tail and the relationship between them. |
renewable fuels | have | favorable fuel properties | The favorable fuel properties of renewable fuels also help reduce raw emissions | From the given context, extract meaningful head, tail and the relationship between them. |
renewable fuels | has CO2 emission reduction potential | CO2 reduction | A Tank-to-Wheel (TtW) analysis has shown the CO2 emission reduction potential of renewable fuels, with the fuels blended on a volume basis and the CO2 reduction potential calculated on a mass basis. | From the given context, extract meaningful head, tail and the relationship between them. |
renewable fuels | leads to | better mixture-controlled combustion | The use of renewable fuels can lead to better mixture-controlled combustion, resulting in better indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) and lower emissions. | From the given context, extract meaningful head, tail and the relationship between them. |
better mixture-controlled combustion | results in | better indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) and lower emissions | The use of renewable fuels can lead to better mixture-controlled combustion, resulting in better indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) and lower emissions. | From the given context, extract meaningful head, tail and the relationship between them. |
renewable fuels | have | combustion characteristics | The combustion characteristics of the renewable fuels are similar, despite having different start of injection (SOI) timings | From the given context, extract meaningful head, tail and the relationship between them. |
renewable fuels | can serve as an immediate measure to reduce | CO2 emissions | The study concludes that renewable fuels can serve as an immediate measure to reduce CO2 emissions from the existing vehicle fleet and can also be used in power generators to produce electricity and household heating. | From the given context, extract meaningful head, tail and the relationship between them. |
renewable fuels | can be used in | power generators | The study concludes that renewable fuels can serve as an immediate measure to reduce CO2 emissions from the existing vehicle fleet and can also be used in power generators to produce electricity and household heating. | From the given context, extract meaningful head, tail and the relationship between them. |
renewable fuels | can be used for | household heating | The study concludes that renewable fuels can serve as an immediate measure to reduce CO2 emissions from the existing vehicle fleet and can also be used in power generators to produce electricity and household heating. | From the given context, extract meaningful head, tail and the relationship between them. |
renewable fuels | can be used to produce | electricity | The study concludes that renewable fuels can serve as an immediate measure to reduce CO2 emissions from the existing vehicle fleet and can also be used in power generators to produce electricity and household heating. | From the given context, extract meaningful head, tail and the relationship between them. |
renewable fuels | alternative to | fossil fuels | Overall, the use of renewable fuels can lead to better combustion, increased indicated thermal efficiency, and reduced emissions, making them a promising alternative to fossil fuels. | From the given context, extract meaningful head, tail and the relationship between them. |
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