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The History of African Development
An Online Textbook for a New Generation of African Students and Teachers
Edited by
Ewout Frankema, Ellen Hillbom, Ushehwedu Kufakurinani
and Felix Meier zu Selhausen | {
"author": "Meier Zu Selhausen, Felix",
"creationDate": "D:20230329215727+02'00'",
"creationdate": "2023-03-29T21:57:27+02:00",
"creator": "Microsoft® Word for Microsoft 365",
"file_path": "/tmp/gradio/0f9aa88b866fd04a4837d21641b8174cf2faf85a9a5ddd435f6091577f59cb97/AEHN_Textbook_29_March_2023_final.pdf",
"format": "PDF 1.7",
"keywords": "",
"modDate": "D:20230329215727+02'00'",
"moddate": "2023-03-29T21:57:27+02:00",
"page": 0,
"producer": "Microsoft® Word for Microsoft 365",
"source": "/tmp/gradio/0f9aa88b866fd04a4837d21641b8174cf2faf85a9a5ddd435f6091577f59cb97/AEHN_Textbook_29_March_2023_final.pdf",
"start_index": 0,
"subject": "",
"title": "",
"total_pages": 297,
"trapped": ""
} | 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1 | "2 \n \nTHE HISTORY OF AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT \nA Textbook for a New Generation of African Students and(...TRUNCATED) | {"author":"Meier Zu Selhausen, Felix","creationDate":"D:20230329215727+02'00'","creationdate":"2023-(...TRUNCATED) | "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAmQAAAMYCAIAAADq5GzlAAEAAElEQVR4nOzddZgb1doA8PeMxJNNsu7ate7W3SmUAoW2lFvk4i3(...TRUNCATED) |
2 | "University. \nUshehwedu Kufakurinani is a Research Fellow at the School of History, University of S(...TRUNCATED) | {"author":"Meier Zu Selhausen, Felix","creationDate":"D:20230329215727+02'00'","creationdate":"2023-(...TRUNCATED) | "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAmQAAAMYCAIAAADq5GzlAAEAAElEQVR4nOzddZgb1doA8PeMxJNNsu7ate7W3SmUAoW2lFvk4i3(...TRUNCATED) |
3 | "3 \n \n \n \nThe African Economic History Network (AEHN) is an academic initiative intended to fost(...TRUNCATED) | {"author":"Meier Zu Selhausen, Felix","creationDate":"D:20230329215727+02'00'","creationdate":"2023-(...TRUNCATED) | "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAmQAAAMYCAIAAADq5GzlAAEAAElEQVR4nOzdd1zUyP8/8KELCAhIU1Es2FEEFQuKDeFQrKioKPZ(...TRUNCATED) |
4 | "4 \n \n \nTHE HISTORY OF AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT \nA Textbook for a New Generation of African Students (...TRUNCATED) | {"author":"Meier Zu Selhausen, Felix","creationDate":"D:20230329215727+02'00'","creationdate":"2023-(...TRUNCATED) | "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAmQAAAMYCAIAAADq5GzlAAEAAElEQVR4nOydZ5wUxfb3qyduzjnnnDPLwpKXDMKSEVARVDBcLwr(...TRUNCATED) |
5 | "5 \n \nContents \n \nIntroduction .................................................................(...TRUNCATED) | {"author":"Meier Zu Selhausen, Felix","creationDate":"D:20230329215727+02'00'","creationdate":"2023-(...TRUNCATED) | "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAmQAAAMYCAIAAADq5GzlAAB/w0lEQVR4nO3dd1wUR+M/8Dmq9CZdFEWwYQUVYiF2RFHEir03Yom(...TRUNCATED) |
6 | "Ellen Hillbom \n8. The Rise of Education in Africa ................................................(...TRUNCATED) | {"author":"Meier Zu Selhausen, Felix","creationDate":"D:20230329215727+02'00'","creationdate":"2023-(...TRUNCATED) | "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAmQAAAMYCAIAAADq5GzlAAB/w0lEQVR4nO3dd1wUR+M/8Dmq9CZdFEWwYQUVYiF2RFHEir03Yom(...TRUNCATED) |
7 | "6 \n \n14. Who got the Power? The Electrification of Africa .......................................(...TRUNCATED) | {"author":"Meier Zu Selhausen, Felix","creationDate":"D:20230329215727+02'00'","creationdate":"2023-(...TRUNCATED) | "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAmQAAAMYCAIAAADq5GzlAAEAAElEQVR4nOzdd1QUV9sA8Lu7LAoISO9NAVFBRUSxV1CxIIoFQdF(...TRUNCATED) |
8 | "7 \n \nIntroduction \n \nEwout Frankema*, Ellen Hillbom†, Ushehwedu Kufakurinani‡ and \nFelix M(...TRUNCATED) | {"author":"Meier Zu Selhausen, Felix","creationDate":"D:20230329215727+02'00'","creationdate":"2023-(...TRUNCATED) | "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAmQAAAMYCAIAAADq5GzlAABrDElEQVR4nO3dd3wU1f7/8bNpEEIIBFIglFACSFPgBhARECmCCBI(...TRUNCATED) |
9 | "need to know where we came from and what has influenced our various trajectories of \ndevelopment. (...TRUNCATED) | {"author":"Meier Zu Selhausen, Felix","creationDate":"D:20230329215727+02'00'","creationdate":"2023-(...TRUNCATED) | "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAmQAAAMYCAIAAADq5GzlAABrDElEQVR4nO3dd3wU1f7/8bNpEEIIBFIglFACSFPgBhARECmCCBI(...TRUNCATED) |
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in Data Studio
The History Of African Development : An Online Textbook for a New Generation of African Students and Teachers
The History of African Development is published by the African Economic History Network (AEHN). This book aims to draw experts in the field of African History, Economics and African Development Studies together around an open access textbook. The book is intended for teachers and undergraduate students at African universities, but also for an interested public audience. The chapters describe and explain various aspects of historical African development trajectories in plain English language. All chapters include a list of suggested readings, data sources and study questions to test student’s comprehension. By offering this book in an open-source (CC BY) environment, the AEHN seeks to facilitate a wider diffusion of the knowledge that is generated within its academic network and to support capacity building among a new generation of African historians and development practitioners.
Ewout Frankema is Professor and chair of the Economic and Environmental History Group, Wageningen University.
Ellen Hillbom is Professor of Economic History at the Department of Economic History, Lund University.
Ushehwedu Kufakurinani is a Research Fellow at the School of History, University of St Andrews.
Felix Meier zu Selhausen is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Economic and Social History, Utrecht University.
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