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James Springer White | 885,653 | James Springer White, also known as Elder White, was a co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Church and husband of Ellen G. White. In 1849 he started the first Sabbatarian Adventist periodical entitled The Present Truth, in 1855 he relocated the fledgling center of the movement to Battle Creek, Michigan, and in 1863 played a pivotal role in the formal organization of the denomination. He later played a major role in the development of the Adventist educational structure beginning in 1874 with the formation of Battle Creek College. | "2004-08-08T14:36:07" | "2023-02-17T12:35:17" | "2023-02-17T12:32:47" | {
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.sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:720px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}</style><table class=\"sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks\" style=\"width:18em\" about=\"#mwt10\" id=\"mwCQ\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"sidebar-pretitle\">Part of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Category:Seventh-day_Adventist_Church\" title=\"Category:Seventh-day Adventist Church\">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class=\"sidebar-title-with-pretitle\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Seventh-day_Adventist_Church\" title=\"Seventh-day Adventist Church\">Seventh-day<br/>Adventist Church</a></th></tr><tr><td class=\"sidebar-image\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" data-mw='{\"caption\":\"James and Ellen White\"}'><a href=\"./File:James_and_Ellen_White.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"James and Ellen White\"><img alt=\"James and Ellen White\" resource=\"./File:James_and_Ellen_White.jpg\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/James_and_Ellen_White.jpg/125px-James_and_Ellen_White.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" data-file-width=\"1550\" data-file-height=\"2500\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"202\" width=\"125\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/James_and_Ellen_White.jpg/188px-James_and_Ellen_White.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/James_and_Ellen_White.jpg/250px-James_and_Ellen_White.jpg 2x\"/></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class=\"sidebar-content\">\n<div class=\"sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed\"><div class=\"sidebar-list-title\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./History_of_the_Seventh-day_Adventist_Church\" title=\"History of the Seventh-day Adventist Church\">History</a></div><div class=\"sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Christianity\" title=\"Christianity\">Christianity</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Protestantism\" title=\"Protestantism\">Protestantism</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Millerism\" title=\"Millerism\">Millerism</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Great_Disappointment\" title=\"Great Disappointment\">Great Disappointment</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./1888_Minneapolis_General_Conference_(Adventist)\" title=\"1888 Minneapolis General Conference (Adventist)\" class=\"mw-redirect\">1888 General Conference</a></li></ul></div></div></td>\n</tr><tr><td class=\"sidebar-content\">\n<div class=\"sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed\"><div class=\"sidebar-list-title\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Seventh-day_Adventist_theology\" title=\"Seventh-day Adventist theology\">Theology</a></div><div class=\"sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./28_Fundamental_Beliefs\" title=\"28 Fundamental Beliefs\" class=\"mw-redirect\">28 Fundamental Beliefs</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./The_Pillars_of_Adventism\" title=\"The Pillars of Adventism\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Pillars</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Three_Angels'_Messages\" title=\"Three Angels' Messages\">Three Angels' Messages</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Sabbath_in_Seventh-day_Adventism\" title=\"Sabbath in Seventh-day Adventism\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Sabbath</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Seventh-day_Adventist_eschatology\" title=\"Seventh-day Adventist eschatology\">Eschatology</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Investigative_judgment\" title=\"Investigative judgment\">Pre-Second Advent Judgment</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Premillennialism\" title=\"Premillennialism\">Premillennialism</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Christian_conditionalism\" title=\"Christian conditionalism\">Conditional immortality</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Remnant_(Adventist)\" title=\"Remnant (Adventist)\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Remnant</a></li></ul></div></div></td>\n</tr><tr><td class=\"sidebar-content\">\n<div class=\"sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed\"><div class=\"sidebar-list-title\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Government_of_the_Seventh-day_Adventist_Church\" title=\"Government of the Seventh-day Adventist Church\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Organization</a></div><div class=\"sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./General_Conference_of_Seventh-day_Adventists\" title=\"General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists\">General Conference</a></li></ul>\n<p>Divisions </p>\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./East-Central_Africa_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists\" title=\"East-Central Africa Division of Seventh-day Adventists\">East-Central Africa Division</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Euro-Asia_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists\" title=\"Euro-Asia Division of Seventh-day Adventists\">Euro-Asia Division</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Inter-American_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists\" title=\"Inter-American Division of Seventh-day Adventists\">Inter-American Division</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Inter-European_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists\" title=\"Inter-European Division of Seventh-day Adventists\">Inter-European Division</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./North_American_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists\" title=\"North American Division of Seventh-day Adventists\">North American Division</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Northern_Asia-Pacific_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists\" title=\"Northern Asia-Pacific Division of Seventh-day Adventists\">Northern Asia-Pacific Division</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Southern_Africa-Indian_Ocean_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists\" title=\"Southern Africa-Indian Ocean Division of Seventh-day Adventists\">Southern Africa-Indian Ocean Division</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./South_American_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists\" title=\"South American Division of Seventh-day Adventists\">South American Division</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./South_Pacific_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists\" title=\"South Pacific Division of Seventh-day Adventists\">South Pacific Division</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Southern_Asia_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists\" title=\"Southern Asia Division of Seventh-day Adventists\">Southern Asia Division</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Southern_Asia-Pacific_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists\" title=\"Southern Asia-Pacific Division of Seventh-day Adventists\">Southern Asia-Pacific Division</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Trans-European_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists\" title=\"Trans-European Division of Seventh-day Adventists\">Trans-European Division</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./West-Central_Africa_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists\" title=\"West-Central Africa Division of Seventh-day Adventists\">West-Central Africa Division</a></li></ul></div></div></td>\n</tr><tr><td class=\"sidebar-content\">\n<div class=\"sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed\"><div class=\"sidebar-list-title\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_Seventh-day_Adventist_periodicals\" title=\"List of Seventh-day Adventist periodicals\">Periodicals</a></div><div class=\"sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<ul><li><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Adventist_Review\" title=\"Adventist Review\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Adventist Review</a></i></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Signs_of_the_Times_(magazine)\" title=\"Signs of the Times (magazine)\"><i>Signs of the Times</i></a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_Ellen_White_writings\" title=\"List of Ellen White writings\" class=\"mw-redirect\">List of Ellen White writings</a></li></ul></div></div></td>\n</tr><tr><td class=\"sidebar-content\">\n<div class=\"sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed\"><div class=\"sidebar-list-title\">Service</div><div class=\"sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Adventist_Development_and_Relief_Agency\" title=\"Adventist Development and Relief Agency\">Adventist Development and Relief Agency</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Maranatha_Volunteers_International\" title=\"Maranatha Volunteers International\">Maranatha Volunteers International</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Pathfinders_(Seventh-day_Adventist)\" title=\"Pathfinders (Seventh-day Adventist)\">Pathfinders</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Adventurers_(Seventh-day_Adventist)\" title=\"Adventurers (Seventh-day Adventist)\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Adventurers</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Medical_Cadet_Corps\" title=\"Medical Cadet Corps\">Medical Cadet Corps</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Seventh-day_Adventist_education\" title=\"Seventh-day Adventist education\">Seventh-day Adventist education</a>\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_Seventh-day_Adventist_secondary_schools\" title=\"List of Seventh-day Adventist secondary schools\">Secondary schools</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_Seventh-day_Adventist_colleges_and_universities\" title=\"List of Seventh-day Adventist colleges and universities\">Colleges and universities</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_Seventh-day_Adventist_hospitals\" title=\"List of Seventh-day Adventist hospitals\">Hospitals</a></li></ul></div></div></td>\n</tr><tr><td class=\"sidebar-content\">\n<div class=\"sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed\"><div class=\"sidebar-list-title\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Media_ministries_of_the_Seventh-day_Adventist_Church\" title=\"Media ministries of the Seventh-day Adventist Church\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Media ministries</a></div><div class=\"sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Hope_Channel\" title=\"Hope Channel\">Hope Channel</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Loma_Linda_Broadcasting_Network\" title=\"Loma Linda Broadcasting Network\">Loma Linda Broadcasting Network</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./It_Is_Written\" title=\"It Is Written\">It Is Written</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Voice_of_Prophecy\" title=\"Voice of Prophecy\">Voice of Prophecy</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Three_Angels_Broadcasting_Network\" title=\"Three Angels Broadcasting Network\">Three Angels Broadcasting Network</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Amazing_Facts\" title=\"Amazing Facts\">Amazing Facts</a></li></ul></div></div></td>\n</tr><tr><td class=\"sidebar-content\">\n<div class=\"sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed\"><div class=\"sidebar-list-title\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_Seventh-day_Adventists\" title=\"List of Seventh-day Adventists\">People</a></div><div class=\"sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ellen_G._White\" title=\"Ellen G. White\">Ellen G. White</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./James_Springer_White\" title=\"James Springer White\">James White</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Joseph_Bates_(Adventist)\" title=\"Joseph Bates (Adventist)\">Joseph Bates</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./John_Nevins_Andrews\" title=\"John Nevins Andrews\" class=\"mw-redirect\">J. N. Andrews</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Uriah_Smith\" title=\"Uriah Smith\">Uriah Smith</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./John_Harvey_Kellogg\" title=\"John Harvey Kellogg\">J. H. Kellogg</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./James_Caleb_Jackson\" title=\"James Caleb Jackson\">James Caleb Jackson</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./W._C._White\" title=\"W. C. White\" class=\"mw-redirect\">W. C. White</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./F._D._Nichol\" title=\"F. D. Nichol\" class=\"mw-redirect\">F. D. Nichol</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./M._L._Andreasen\" title=\"M. L. Andreasen\">M. L. Andreasen</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Le_Roy_Froom\" title=\"Le Roy Froom\">Le Roy Froom</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Arthur_L._White\" title=\"Arthur L. White\">Arthur L. White</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./George_Vandeman\" title=\"George Vandeman\">George Vandeman</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./H._M._S._Richards\" title=\"H. M. S. Richards\">H. M. S. Richards</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Edward_Heppenstall\" title=\"Edward Heppenstall\">Edward Heppenstall</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Herbert_E._Douglass\" title=\"Herbert E. Douglass\">Herbert E. Douglass</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Morris_Venden\" title=\"Morris Venden\">Morris Venden</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Samuele_Bacchiocchi\" title=\"Samuele Bacchiocchi\">Samuele Bacchiocchi</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./E._E._Cleveland\" title=\"E. E. Cleveland\">E. E. Cleveland</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Walter_Veith\" title=\"Walter Veith\">Walter Veith</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Mark_Finley\" title=\"Mark Finley\">Mark Finley</a></li></ul></div></div></td>\n</tr><tr><td class=\"sidebar-below\" style=\"font-size:smaller;\">\n<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Adventism\" title=\"Adventism\">Adventism</a></td></tr><tr><td class=\"sidebar-navbar\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374\" about=\"#mwt18\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Hlist/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1063604349\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" about=\"#mwt19\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Navbar/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'>.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:\"[ \"}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:\" ]\"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class=\"navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini\"><ul><li class=\"nv-view\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Template:Seventh-day_Adventism\" title=\"Template:Seventh-day Adventism\"><abbr title=\"View this template\">v</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-talk\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Template_talk:Seventh-day_Adventism\" title=\"Template talk:Seventh-day Adventism\"><abbr title=\"Discuss this template\">t</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-edit\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink\" href=\"//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Seventh-day_Adventism&action=edit\" class=\"external text\"><abbr title=\"Edit this template\">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table>\n<p id=\"mwCg\"><b id=\"mwCw\">James Springer White</b> (August 4, 1821 – August 6, 1881), also known as <b id=\"mwDA\">Elder White</b>, was a co-founder of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Seventh-day_Adventist_Church\" title=\"Seventh-day Adventist Church\" id=\"mwDQ\">Seventh-day Adventist Church</a> and husband of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ellen_G._White\" title=\"Ellen G. White\" id=\"mwDg\">Ellen G. White</a>. In 1849 he started the first Sabbatarian Adventist periodical entitled <i id=\"mwDw\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Adventist_Review\" title=\"Adventist Review\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwEA\">The Present Truth</a></i>, in 1855 he relocated the fledgling center of the movement to <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Battle_Creek,_Michigan\" title=\"Battle Creek, Michigan\" id=\"mwEQ\">Battle Creek, Michigan</a>, and in 1863 played a pivotal role in the formal organization of the denomination. He later played a major role in the development of the Adventist educational structure beginning in 1874 with the formation of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Andrews_University\" title=\"Andrews University\" id=\"mwEg\">Battle Creek College</a>.</p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"1\" id=\"mwEw\"><h2 id=\"Early_life\">Early life</h2>\n\n<p id=\"mwFA\">James White was born on August 4, 1821, in the town of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Palmyra,_Maine\" title=\"Palmyra, Maine\" id=\"mwFQ\">Palmyra, Maine</a>. The fifth of nine children, James was a sickly child who suffered fits and seizures. Poor eyesight prevented him from obtaining much education and he was required to work on the family farm. At age 19 his eyesight improved and he enrolled at a local academy. He earned a teaching certificate in the common branches and briefly taught at an elementary school. He was baptized into the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Christian_Connexion\" title=\"Christian Connexion\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwFg\">Christian Connexion</a> at age 15. He learned of the Millerite message from his parents and after hearing powerful preaching at an advent camp meeting in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Exeter,_Maine\" title=\"Exeter, Maine\" id=\"mwFw\">Exeter, Maine</a>, White decided to leave teaching and become a preacher. Consequently, he has ordained a minister of the Christian Connexion in 1843. White was a powerful preacher, and it is recorded that during the winter of 1843, 1,000 people accepted the Millerite message owing to his preaching. At times, however, White was met with angry mobs who hurled <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Snowball\" title=\"Snowball\" id=\"mwGA\">snowballs</a> at him.<sup about=\"#mwt26\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-1\"}}'><a href=\"./James_Springer_White#cite_note-1\" style=\"counter-reset: mw-Ref 1;\" id=\"mwGQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwGg\">[1]</span></a></sup> During these early travels he met Ellen G. Harmon whom he married on August 30, 1846. James White and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ellen_G._White\" title=\"Ellen G. White\" id=\"mwGw\">Ellen G. White</a> had four boys, Henry Nichols (1847–1863), <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./James_Edson_White\" title=\"James Edson White\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwHA\">James Edson</a> (1849–1928), <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./William_C._White\" title=\"William C. White\" id=\"mwHQ\">William Clarence</a> (1854–1937) and John Herbert (1860–1860).<sup about=\"#mwt31\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-2\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-2\"}}'><a href=\"./James_Springer_White#cite_note-2\" style=\"counter-reset: mw-Ref 2;\" id=\"mwHg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwHw\">[2]</span></a></sup></p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"2\" id=\"mwIA\"><h2 id=\"Adventist_service\">Adventist service</h2>\n\n<figure class=\"mw-halign-left\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwIQ\"><a href=\"./File:Historic_Adventist_Village_-_Home_of_James_and_Ellen_White_(lateral).jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwIg\"><img resource=\"./File:Historic_Adventist_Village_-_Home_of_James_and_Ellen_White_(lateral).jpg\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Historic_Adventist_Village_-_Home_of_James_and_Ellen_White_%28lateral%29.jpg/240px-Historic_Adventist_Village_-_Home_of_James_and_Ellen_White_%28lateral%29.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" data-file-width=\"3935\" data-file-height=\"2623\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"160\" width=\"240\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Historic_Adventist_Village_-_Home_of_James_and_Ellen_White_%28lateral%29.jpg/360px-Historic_Adventist_Village_-_Home_of_James_and_Ellen_White_%28lateral%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Historic_Adventist_Village_-_Home_of_James_and_Ellen_White_%28lateral%29.jpg/480px-Historic_Adventist_Village_-_Home_of_James_and_Ellen_White_%28lateral%29.jpg 2x\" id=\"mwIw\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwJA\">Historic Adventist Village-Home of James and Ellen White (lateral)</figcaption></figure>\n<figure class=\"mw-halign-right\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwJQ\"><a href=\"./File:Oak_Hill_Cemetery_-_James_and_Ellen_White.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwJg\"><img resource=\"./File:Oak_Hill_Cemetery_-_James_and_Ellen_White.jpg\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Oak_Hill_Cemetery_-_James_and_Ellen_White.jpg/240px-Oak_Hill_Cemetery_-_James_and_Ellen_White.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" data-file-width=\"3168\" data-file-height=\"4752\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"360\" width=\"240\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Oak_Hill_Cemetery_-_James_and_Ellen_White.jpg/360px-Oak_Hill_Cemetery_-_James_and_Ellen_White.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Oak_Hill_Cemetery_-_James_and_Ellen_White.jpg/480px-Oak_Hill_Cemetery_-_James_and_Ellen_White.jpg 2x\" id=\"mwJw\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwKA\">Oak Hill Cemetery-James and Ellen White</figcaption></figure>\n<p id=\"mwKQ\">The paper which James White initially started, \"The Present Truth\", was combined with another periodical called the \"Advent Review\" in 1850 to become the \"Second Advent Review and Sabbath Herald\", still published as the \"<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Adventist_Review\" title=\"Adventist Review\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwKg\">Adventist Review</a>\" today.<sup about=\"#mwt37\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-3\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-3\"}}'><a href=\"./James_Springer_White#cite_note-3\" style=\"counter-reset: mw-Ref 3;\" id=\"mwKw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwLA\">[3]</span></a></sup> This periodical became the main source of communication for the Sabbatarian Adventist movement regarding points of doctrine and organization. It also became a venue for James and Ellen White to quickly and efficiently share their views to like-minded believers. James White served as editor of the periodical until 1851 when he invited <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Uriah_Smith\" title=\"Uriah Smith\" id=\"mwLQ\">Uriah Smith</a> to become editor. He played a senior role in the management of church publications as president of the Review and Herald Publishing Association. He also served on several occasions as president of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./General_Conference_of_Seventh-day_Adventists\" title=\"General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists\" id=\"mwLg\">General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists</a>.(1865–1867; 1869–1871; 1874–1880).</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwLw\">In 1865 White suffered from a paralytic stroke. White eventually determined that he should retire from the ministry and live out his days gracefully. In 1880, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./G._I._Butler\" title=\"G. I. Butler\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwMA\">G. I. Butler</a> replaced him as General Conference president. During the summer of 1881, White came down with a fever and was taken to the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Battle_Creek_Sanitarium\" title=\"Battle Creek Sanitarium\" id=\"mwMQ\">Battle Creek Sanitarium</a>. Despite the efforts of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./John_Harvey_Kellogg\" title=\"John Harvey Kellogg\" id=\"mwMg\">Dr. Kellogg</a>, White died on August 6, 1881.</p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"3\" id=\"mwMw\"><h2 id=\"Publications\">Publications</h2>\n<p id=\"mwNA\">White was a prolific writer and publisher for the Adventists. Some of his most popular publications include:</p>\n\n<ul id=\"mwNQ\"><li id=\"mwNg\"><i id=\"mwNw\">Life Incidents</i> (1868). Republished by <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Andrews_University_Press\" title=\"Andrews University Press\" id=\"mwOA\">Andrews University Press</a> with an introduction by Jerry Moon (<a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20090226125812/http://www.andrews.edu/universitypress/catalog.cgi?key=168\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwOQ\">publisher's page</a>)</li>\n<li id=\"mwOg\"><i id=\"mwOw\">Word to the Little Flock</i>, 1847 Pamphlet</li>\n<li id=\"mwPA\"><i id=\"mwPQ\">Signs of the Times</i>, 1853</li>\n<li id=\"mwPg\"><i id=\"mwPw\">Life Incidents</i>, 1868 Steam Press</li>\n<li id=\"mwQA\"><i id=\"mwQQ\">Selections from Life Incidents</i>, 1868 Steam Press</li>\n<li id=\"mwQg\"><i id=\"mwQw\">A Solemn Appeal Relative to Solitary Vice, and the Abuses and Excesses in Marriage Relation</i>, 1870 Steam Press</li>\n<li id=\"mwRA\"><i id=\"mwRQ\">Sermons on The Coming and Kingdom of Our Lord Jesus Christ</i>, 1870 Steam Press</li>\n<li id=\"mwRg\"><i id=\"mwRw\">Sketches of the Christian Life and Public Labors of William Miller</i>, 1875 Steam Press</li>\n<li id=\"mwSA\"><i id=\"mwSQ\">The Sounding of the Seven Trumpets of Revelation 8 & 9</i>, 1875 Steam Press</li>\n<li id=\"mwSg\"><i id=\"mwSw\">The Second Coming of Christ, Matthew 24</i>, 1876</li>\n<li id=\"mwTA\"><i id=\"mwTQ\">Early Life & Experiences of Joseph Bates</i>, 1877 Steam Press</li>\n<li id=\"mwTg\"><i id=\"mwTw\">Biblical Institute</i>, 1878 Steam Press</li>\n<li id=\"mwUA\"><i id=\"mwUQ\">Life Sketches</i>, 1880 Steam Press</li></ul>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"4\" id=\"mwUg\"><h2 id=\"See_also\">See also</h2>\n<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1132942124\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" about=\"#mwt38\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Portal\",\"href\":\"./Template:Portal\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Christianity\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"Biography\"}},\"i\":0}}]}' id=\"mwUw\">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:solid #aaa 1px;padding:0.1em;background:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role=\"navigation\" aria-label=\"Portals\" class=\"noprint portalbox portalborder portalright\" about=\"#mwt38\" id=\"mwVA\">\n<li class=\"portalbox-entry\"><span class=\"portalbox-image\"><span class=\"noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./File:P_christianity.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img alt=\"icon\" resource=\"./File:P_christianity.svg\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/31px-P_christianity.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" data-file-width=\"400\" data-file-height=\"360\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"28\" width=\"31\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/47px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/62px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x\"/></a></span></span><span class=\"portalbox-link\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Portal:Christianity\" title=\"Portal:Christianity\">Christianity portal</a></span></li><li class=\"portalbox-entry\"><span class=\"portalbox-image\"><span class=\"noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img alt=\"\" resource=\"./File:P_vip.svg\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" data-file-width=\"1911\" data-file-height=\"1944\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"28\" width=\"28\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x\"/></span></span></span><span class=\"portalbox-link\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Portal:Biography\" title=\"Portal:Biography\">Biography portal</a></span></li></ul>\n<ul id=\"mwVQ\"><li id=\"mwVg\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./General_Conference_of_Seventh-day_Adventists\" title=\"General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists\" id=\"mwVw\">General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwWA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Seventh-day_Adventist_Church\" title=\"Seventh-day Adventist Church\" id=\"mwWQ\">Seventh-day Adventist Church</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwWg\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ellen_G._White\" title=\"Ellen G. White\" id=\"mwWw\">Ellen G. White</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwXA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Adventist_Review\" title=\"Adventist Review\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwXQ\">Adventist Review</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwXg\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Adventism\" title=\"Adventism\" id=\"mwXw\">Adventist</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwYA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Adventist_Health_Studies\" title=\"Adventist Health Studies\" id=\"mwYQ\">Adventist Health Studies</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwYg\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Seventh-day_Adventist_Church_Pioneers\" title=\"Seventh-day Adventist Church Pioneers\" id=\"mwYw\">Seventh-day Adventist Church Pioneers</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwZA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Seventh-day_Adventist_eschatology\" title=\"Seventh-day Adventist eschatology\" id=\"mwZQ\">Seventh-day Adventist eschatology</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwZg\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Seventh-day_Adventist_theology\" title=\"Seventh-day Adventist theology\" id=\"mwZw\">Seventh-day Adventist theology</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwaA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Seventh-day_Adventist_worship\" title=\"Seventh-day Adventist worship\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwaQ\">Seventh-day Adventist worship</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwag\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Millerites\" title=\"Millerites\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwaw\">Millerites</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwbA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./History_of_the_Seventh-day_Adventist_Church\" title=\"History of the Seventh-day Adventist Church\" id=\"mwbQ\">History of the Seventh-day Adventist Church</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwbg\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Teachings_of_Ellen_White\" title=\"Teachings of Ellen White\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwbw\">Teachings of Ellen White</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwcA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Inspiration_of_Ellen_White\" title=\"Inspiration of Ellen White\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwcQ\">Inspiration of Ellen White</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwcg\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Prophecy_in_the_Seventh-day_Adventist_Church\" title=\"Prophecy in the Seventh-day Adventist Church\" id=\"mwcw\">Prophecy in the Seventh-day Adventist Church</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwdA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./The_Pillars_of_Adventism\" title=\"The Pillars of Adventism\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwdQ\">The Pillars of Adventism</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwdg\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Second_Advent#Seventh_Day_Adventists\" title=\"Second Advent\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwdw\">Second Advent</a></li>\n<li id=\"mweA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Historicism_(Christian_eschatology)\" title=\"Historicism (Christian eschatology)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mweQ\">Historicism</a></li>\n<li id=\"mweg\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Sabbath_in_Seventh-day_Adventism\" title=\"Sabbath in Seventh-day Adventism\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwew\">Sabbath in Seventh-day Adventism</a></li></ul>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"5\" id=\"mwfA\"><h2 id=\"References\">References</h2>\n<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1011085734\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" about=\"#mwt42\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"reflist\",\"href\":\"./Template:Reflist\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}}]}' id=\"mwfQ\">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class=\"reflist \" about=\"#mwt42\" id=\"mwfg\">\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/references\" about=\"#mwt48\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"references\",\"attrs\":{\"group\":\"\",\"responsive\":\"1\"},\"body\":{\"html\":\"\"}}' id=\"mwfw\"><ol class=\"mw-references references\" id=\"mwgA\"><li about=\"#cite_note-1\" id=\"cite_note-1\"><a href=\"./James_Springer_White#cite_ref-1\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwgQ\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwgg\">↑ </span></a> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-1\" class=\"mw-reference-text\"><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1133582631\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" about=\"#mwt22\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite book \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_book\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Light Bearers\"},\"author1\":{\"wt\":\"Schwarz, Richard W.\"},\"author2\":{\"wt\":\"Greenleaf, Floyd\"},\"edition\":{\"wt\":\"Revised\"},\"orig-year\":{\"wt\":\"1979\"},\"year\":{\"wt\":\"2000\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists, Department of Education\"},\"location\":{\"wt\":\"Silver Spring, Maryland\"},\"ISBN\":{\"wt\":\"0-8163-1795-X\"},\"pages\":{\"wt\":\"43\"},\"chapter\":{\"wt\":\"The Millerite Movement – 1839–1844\"}},\"i\":0}}]}' id=\"mwgw\">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:\"\\\"\"\"\\\"\"\"'\"\"'\"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg\")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg\")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg\")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg\")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id=\"CITEREFSchwarz,_Richard_W.Greenleaf,_Floyd2000\" class=\"citation book cs1\" about=\"#mwt22\">Schwarz, Richard W.; Greenleaf, Floyd (2000) [1979]. \"The Millerite Movement – 1839–1844\". <i id=\"mwhA\">Light Bearers</i> (Revised<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwhQ\"> </span>ed.). Silver Spring, Maryland: General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists, Department of Education. p.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwhg\"> </span>43. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISBN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwhw\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwiA\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Special:BookSources/0-8163-1795-X\" title=\"Special:BookSources/0-8163-1795-X\" id=\"mwiQ\"><bdi id=\"mwig\">0-8163-1795-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Millerite+Movement+%E2%80%93+1839%E2%80%931844&rft.btitle=Light+Bearers&rft.place=Silver+Spring%2C+Maryland&rft.pages=43&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=General+Conference+of+Seventh-day+Adventists%2C+Department+of+Education&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-8163-1795-X&rft.au=Schwarz%2C+Richard+W.&rft.au=Greenleaf%2C+Floyd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Springer+White\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt22\" id=\"mwiw\"></span></span></li><li about=\"#cite_note-2\" id=\"cite_note-2\"><a href=\"./James_Springer_White#cite_ref-2\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwjA\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwjQ\">↑ </span></a> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-2\" class=\"mw-reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\" about=\"#mwt27\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite web\",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"http://www.tomclough.com/p1570.htm\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20051103152506/http://www.tomclough.com/p1570.htm\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"2005-11-03\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Person Page 1570\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"2006-04-28\"}},\"i\":0}}]}' id=\"mwjg\"/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt27\" id=\"mwjw\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20051103152506/http://www.tomclough.com/p1570.htm\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwkA\">\"Person Page 1570\"</a>. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://www.tomclough.com/p1570.htm\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwkQ\">the original</a> on 2005-11-03<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwkg\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwkw\">2006-04-28</span></span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Person+Page+1570&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tomclough.com%2Fp1570.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Springer+White\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt27\" id=\"mwlA\"></span></span></li><li about=\"#cite_note-3\" id=\"cite_note-3\"><a href=\"./James_Springer_White#cite_ref-3\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwlQ\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwlg\">↑ </span></a> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-3\" class=\"mw-reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631\" about=\"#mwt33\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite encyclopedia \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_encyclopedia\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Adventist Review\"},\"encyclopedia\":{\"wt\":\"Seventh-Day Adventist Encyclopedia\"},\"pages\":{\"wt\":\"25–29\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Review & Herald Pub. Assn.\"}},\"i\":0}}]}' id=\"mwlw\"/><cite class=\"citation encyclopaedia cs1\" about=\"#mwt33\" id=\"mwmA\">\"Adventist Review\". <i id=\"mwmQ\">Seventh-Day Adventist Encyclopedia</i>. Review & Herald Pub. Assn. pp.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwmg\"> </span>25–29.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Adventist+Review&rft.btitle=Seventh-Day+Adventist+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=25-29&rft.pub=Review+%26+Herald+Pub.+Assn.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Springer+White\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt33\" id=\"mwmw\"></span></span></li></ol></div></div>\n\n<section data-mw-section-id=\"6\" id=\"mwnA\"><h3 id=\"Resources\">Resources</h3>\n<ul id=\"mwnQ\"><li id=\"mwng\">Gerald Wheeler. <i id=\"mwnw\">James White: Innovator and Overcomer</i>. Review and Herald, 2003</li></ul>\n\n</section></section><section data-mw-section-id=\"7\" id=\"mwoA\"><h2 id=\"External_links\">External links</h2>\n<ul id=\"mwoQ\"><li id=\"mwog\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://www.whiteestate.org/pathways/jwhite.asp\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwow\">Biography on www.whiteestate.org</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwpA\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://www.whiteestate.org/about/egwbio.asp#marriage\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwpQ\">Marriage to Ellen G. White</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwpg\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=moa;idno=AJK1999.0001.001\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwpw\"><i id=\"mwqA\">Life Incidents</i> at Making of America</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwqQ\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20060718085649/http://www.adventistarchives.org/DocArchives.asp\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwqg\">Adventist Archives</a> – Contains many articles written by James White</li>\n<li id=\"mwqw\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080421050822/http://www.presentdaytruth.com/books/present-truth/index.php\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwrA\">Original \"The Present Truth\" Articles</a> – Published by James White, known later as the <i id=\"mwrQ\">Advent Review</i></li></ul>\n\n<table class=\"wikitable succession-box noprint\" style=\"margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%;clear:both;\" about=\"#mwt49\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"s-start\",\"href\":\"./Template:S-start\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}},\"\\n\",{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"succession box\\n\",\"href\":\"./Template:Succession_box\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"[[List of Presidents of the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists|President]] of the [[General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists]]\"},\"before\":{\"wt\":\"[[John Byington]]\"},\"after\":{\"wt\":\"[[John Nevins Andrews|J. N. Andrews]]\"},\"years\":{\"wt\":\"1865–1867\"}},\"i\":1}},\"\\n\",{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"succession box\\n \",\"href\":\"./Template:Succession_box\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"[[List of Presidents of the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists|President]] of the [[General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists]]\"},\"before\":{\"wt\":\"[[John Nevins Andrews|J. N. Andrews]]\"},\"after\":{\"wt\":\"[[George Ide Butler|G. I. Butler]]\"},\"years\":{\"wt\":\"1869–1871\"}},\"i\":2}},\"\\n\",{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"succession box\\n \",\"href\":\"./Template:Succession_box\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"[[List of Presidents of the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists|President]] of the [[General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists]]\"},\"before\":{\"wt\":\"[[George Ide Butler|G. I. Butler]]\"},\"after\":{\"wt\":\"[[George Ide Butler|G. I. Butler]]\"},\"years\":{\"wt\":\"1874–1880\"}},\"i\":3}},\"\\n\",{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"succession box\\n \",\"href\":\"./Template:Succession_box\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Editor of the ''[[Adventist Review]]''\"},\"before\":{\"wt\":\"(Founder)\"},\"after\":{\"wt\":\"[[Uriah Smith]]\"},\"years\":{\"wt\":\"1851–1855\"}},\"i\":4}},\"\\n\",{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"succession box\\n \",\"href\":\"./Template:Succession_box\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Editor of the ''[[Adventist Review]]''\"},\"before\":{\"wt\":\"[[Uriah Smith]]\"},\"after\":{\"wt\":\"[[Uriah Smith]]\"},\"years\":{\"wt\":\"1861–1864\"}},\"i\":5}},\"\\n\",{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"succession box\\n \",\"href\":\"./Template:Succession_box\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Editor of the ''[[Adventist Review]]''\"},\"before\":{\"wt\":\"[[Uriah Smith]]\"},\"after\":{\"wt\":\"[[Uriah Smith]]\"},\"years\":{\"wt\":\"1871–1872\"}},\"i\":6}},\"\\n\",{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"succession box\\n \",\"href\":\"./Template:Succession_box\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Editor of the ''[[Adventist Review]]''\"},\"before\":{\"wt\":\"[[Uriah Smith]]\"},\"after\":{\"wt\":\"[[Uriah Smith]]\"},\"years\":{\"wt\":\"1873–1877\"}},\"i\":7}},\"\\n\",{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"succession box\\n \",\"href\":\"./Template:Succession_box\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Editor of the ''[[Adventist Review]]''\"},\"before\":{\"wt\":\"[[Uriah Smith]]\"},\"after\":{\"wt\":\"[[Uriah Smith]]\"},\"years\":{\"wt\":\"1880–1881\"}},\"i\":8}},\"\\n\",{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"s-end\",\"href\":\"./Template:S-end\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":9}}]}' id=\"mwrg\">\n<tbody><tr style=\"text-align: center;\"></tr>\n<tr style=\"text-align:center;\">\n<td style=\"width:30%;\" rowspan=\"1\">Preceded<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>by<div style=\"font-weight: bold\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./John_Byington\" title=\"John Byington\">John Byington</a></div></td>\n<td style=\"width: 40%; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"1\"><b> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_Presidents_of_the_General_Conference_of_Seventh-day_Adventists\" title=\"List of Presidents of the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists\" class=\"mw-redirect\">President</a> of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./General_Conference_of_Seventh-day_Adventists\" title=\"General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists\">General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists</a> </b><br/>1865–1867</td>\n<td style=\"width: 30%; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"1\">Succeeded<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>by<div style=\"font-weight: bold\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./John_Nevins_Andrews\" title=\"John Nevins Andrews\" class=\"mw-redirect\">J. N. Andrews</a></div></td></tr>\n\n<tr style=\"text-align: center;\"></tr>\n<tr style=\"text-align:center;\">\n<td style=\"width:30%;\" rowspan=\"1\">Preceded<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>by<div style=\"font-weight: bold\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./John_Nevins_Andrews\" title=\"John Nevins Andrews\" class=\"mw-redirect\">J. N. Andrews</a></div></td>\n<td style=\"width: 40%; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"1\"><b> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_Presidents_of_the_General_Conference_of_Seventh-day_Adventists\" title=\"List of Presidents of the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists\" class=\"mw-redirect\">President</a> of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./General_Conference_of_Seventh-day_Adventists\" title=\"General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists\">General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists</a> </b><br/>1869–1871</td>\n<td style=\"width: 30%; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"1\">Succeeded<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>by<div style=\"font-weight: bold\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./George_Ide_Butler\" title=\"George Ide Butler\">G. I. Butler</a></div></td></tr>\n\n<tr style=\"text-align: center;\"></tr>\n<tr style=\"text-align:center;\">\n<td style=\"width:30%;\" rowspan=\"1\">Preceded<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>by<div style=\"font-weight: bold\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./George_Ide_Butler\" title=\"George Ide Butler\">G. I. Butler</a></div></td>\n<td style=\"width: 40%; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"1\"><b> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./List_of_Presidents_of_the_General_Conference_of_Seventh-day_Adventists\" title=\"List of Presidents of the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists\" class=\"mw-redirect\">President</a> of the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./General_Conference_of_Seventh-day_Adventists\" title=\"General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists\">General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists</a> </b><br/>1874–1880</td>\n<td style=\"width: 30%; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"1\">Succeeded<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>by<div style=\"font-weight: bold\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./George_Ide_Butler\" title=\"George Ide Butler\">G. I. Butler</a></div></td></tr>\n\n<tr style=\"text-align: center;\"></tr>\n<tr style=\"text-align:center;\">\n<td style=\"width:30%;\" rowspan=\"1\">Preceded<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>by<div style=\"font-weight: bold\">(Founder)</div></td>\n<td style=\"width: 40%; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"1\"><b> Editor of the <i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Adventist_Review\" title=\"Adventist Review\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Adventist Review</a></i> </b><br/>1851–1855</td>\n<td style=\"width: 30%; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"1\">Succeeded<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>by<div style=\"font-weight: bold\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Uriah_Smith\" title=\"Uriah Smith\">Uriah Smith</a></div></td></tr>\n\n<tr style=\"text-align: center;\"></tr>\n<tr style=\"text-align:center;\">\n<td style=\"width:30%;\" rowspan=\"1\">Preceded<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>by<div style=\"font-weight: bold\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Uriah_Smith\" title=\"Uriah Smith\">Uriah Smith</a></div></td>\n<td style=\"width: 40%; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"1\"><b> Editor of the <i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Adventist_Review\" title=\"Adventist Review\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Adventist Review</a></i> </b><br/>1861–1864</td>\n<td style=\"width: 30%; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"1\">Succeeded<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>by<div style=\"font-weight: bold\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Uriah_Smith\" title=\"Uriah Smith\">Uriah Smith</a></div></td></tr>\n\n<tr style=\"text-align: center;\"></tr>\n<tr style=\"text-align:center;\">\n<td style=\"width:30%;\" rowspan=\"1\">Preceded<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>by<div style=\"font-weight: bold\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Uriah_Smith\" title=\"Uriah Smith\">Uriah Smith</a></div></td>\n<td style=\"width: 40%; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"1\"><b> Editor of the <i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Adventist_Review\" title=\"Adventist Review\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Adventist Review</a></i> </b><br/>1871–1872</td>\n<td style=\"width: 30%; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"1\">Succeeded<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>by<div style=\"font-weight: bold\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Uriah_Smith\" title=\"Uriah Smith\">Uriah Smith</a></div></td></tr>\n\n<tr style=\"text-align: center;\"></tr>\n<tr style=\"text-align:center;\">\n<td style=\"width:30%;\" rowspan=\"1\">Preceded<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>by<div style=\"font-weight: bold\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Uriah_Smith\" title=\"Uriah Smith\">Uriah Smith</a></div></td>\n<td style=\"width: 40%; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"1\"><b> Editor of the <i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Adventist_Review\" title=\"Adventist Review\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Adventist Review</a></i> </b><br/>1873–1877</td>\n<td style=\"width: 30%; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"1\">Succeeded<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>by<div style=\"font-weight: bold\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Uriah_Smith\" title=\"Uriah Smith\">Uriah Smith</a></div></td></tr>\n\n<tr style=\"text-align: center;\"></tr>\n<tr style=\"text-align:center;\">\n<td style=\"width:30%;\" rowspan=\"1\">Preceded<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>by<div style=\"font-weight: bold\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Uriah_Smith\" title=\"Uriah Smith\">Uriah Smith</a></div></td>\n<td style=\"width: 40%; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"1\"><b> Editor of the <i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Adventist_Review\" title=\"Adventist Review\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Adventist Review</a></i> </b><br/>1880–1881</td>\n<td style=\"width: 30%; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"1\">Succeeded<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>by<div style=\"font-weight: bold\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Uriah_Smith\" title=\"Uriah Smith\">Uriah Smith</a></div></td></tr>\n\n</tbody></table>\n\n<div class=\"navbox-styles\" about=\"#mwt59\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Authority control\",\"href\":\"./Template:Authority_control\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}}]}' id=\"mwrw\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374\" about=\"#mwt62\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Hlist/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'/><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1061467846\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" about=\"#mwt63\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Navbox/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'>.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox authority-control\" aria-labelledby=\"Authority_control_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q722689#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata\" style=\"padding:3px\" about=\"#mwt59\" id=\"mwsA\"><table class=\"nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\"><div id=\"Authority_control_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q722689#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Help:Authority_control\" title=\"Help:Authority control\">Authority control</a> <span class=\"mw-valign-text-top noprint\" typeof=\"mw:File/Frameless\" data-mw='{\"caption\":\"Edit this at Wikidata\"}'><a href=\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q722689#identifiers\" title=\"Edit this at Wikidata\"><img alt=\"Edit this at Wikidata\" resource=\"./File:OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" data-file-width=\"20\" data-file-height=\"20\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"10\" width=\"10\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x\"/></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">General</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./ISNI_(identifier)\" title=\"ISNI (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\">ISNI</a>\n<ul><li><span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://isni.org/isni/000000008389365X\" class=\"external text\">1</a></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Articles_with_ISNI_identifiers\"/></li></ul></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./VIAF_(identifier)\" title=\"VIAF (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\">VIAF</a>\n<ul><li><span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://viaf.org/viaf/64811483\" class=\"external text\">1</a></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Articles_with_VIAF_identifiers\"/></li></ul></li>\n<li><span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-nr2001005470/\" class=\"external text\">WorldCat</a></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Articles_with_WorldCat_identifiers\"/></li></ul>\n\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">National libraries</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12521687h\" class=\"external text\">France</a> <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12521687h\" 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"wikitext": "{{short description|Co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Church}}\n{{Other people|James White}}\n{{Infobox Christian leader\n| image = James White (1864).jpg\n| image_size = \n| caption = James White\n| birth_date = {{Birth date|1821|8|4|mf=y}}\n| birth_place = [[Palmyra, Maine]]\n| death_date = {{death date and age|1881|8|6|1821|8|4|mf=y}}\n| death_place = [[Battle Creek Sanitarium]], [[Battle Creek]], [[Michigan|MI]]\n| occupation = [[General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists|President of the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists]]<br />Author<br />Teacher<br />Preacher<br />Co-founder adventist movement\n| spouse = [[Ellen G. White]]\n| children = Henry Nichols <br/> [[James Edson White]] <br/> [[William C. White]] <br/> John Herbert \n}}\n{{Seventh-day Adventism}}\n'''James Springer White''' (August 4, 1821 – August 6, 1881), also known as '''Elder White''', was a co-founder of the [[Seventh-day Adventist Church]] and husband of [[Ellen G. White]]. In 1849 he started the first Sabbatarian Adventist periodical entitled ''[[Adventist Review|The Present Truth]]'', in 1855 he relocated the fledgling center of the movement to [[Battle Creek, Michigan]], and in 1863 played a pivotal role in the formal organization of the denomination. He later played a major role in the development of the Adventist educational structure beginning in 1874 with the formation of [[Andrews University|Battle Creek College]].\n\n== Early life ==\n[[File:James and Ellen White family (1864).jpg|thumb|James and Ellen White family in 1864.]]\n\nJames White was born on August 4, 1821, in the town of [[Palmyra, Maine]]. The fifth of nine children, James was a sickly child who suffered fits and seizures. Poor eyesight prevented him from obtaining much education and he was required to work on the family farm. At age 19 his eyesight improved and he enrolled at a local academy. He earned a teaching certificate in the common branches and briefly taught at an elementary school. He was baptized into the [[Christian Connexion]] at age 15. He learned of the Millerite message from his parents and after hearing powerful preaching at an advent camp meeting in [[Exeter, Maine]], White decided to leave teaching and become a preacher. Consequently, he has ordained a minister of the Christian Connexion in 1843. White was a powerful preacher, and it is recorded that during the winter of 1843, 1,000 people accepted the Millerite message owing to his preaching. At times, however, White was met with angry mobs who hurled [[snowball]]s at him.<ref>{{cite book | title = Light Bearers |author1=Schwarz, Richard W. |author2=Greenleaf, Floyd | edition = Revised | orig-year = 1979 | year = 2000 | publisher = General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists, Department of Education | location = Silver Spring, Maryland | ISBN = 0-8163-1795-X | pages = 43|chapter = The Millerite Movement – 1839–1844}}</ref> During these early travels he met Ellen G. Harmon whom he married on August 30, 1846. James White and [[Ellen G. White]] had four boys, Henry Nichols (1847–1863), [[James Edson White|James Edson]] (1849–1928), [[William C. White|William Clarence]] (1854–1937) and John Herbert (1860–1860).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tomclough.com/p1570.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051103152506/http://www.tomclough.com/p1570.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-11-03 |title=Person Page 1570 |access-date=2006-04-28 }}</ref>\n\n== Adventist service ==\n[[File:Historic_Adventist_Village_-_Home_of_James_and_Ellen_White_(lateral).jpg|Historic Adventist Village-Home of James and Ellen White (lateral)|thumb]]\n[[File:Oak_Hill_Cemetery_-_James_and_Ellen_White.jpg|Oak Hill Cemetery-James and Ellen White|thumb]]\nThe paper which James White initially started, \"The Present Truth\", was combined with another periodical called the \"Advent Review\" in 1850 to become the \"Second Advent Review and Sabbath Herald\", still published as the \"[[Adventist Review]]\" today.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | title = Adventist Review | encyclopedia = Seventh-Day Adventist Encyclopedia | pages = 25–29 | publisher = Review & Herald Pub. Assn. }}</ref> This periodical became the main source of communication for the Sabbatarian Adventist movement regarding points of doctrine and organization. It also became a venue for James and Ellen White to quickly and efficiently share their views to like-minded believers. James White served as editor of the periodical until 1851 when he invited [[Uriah Smith]] to become editor. He played a senior role in the management of church publications as president of the Review and Herald Publishing Association. He also served on several occasions as president of the [[General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists]].(1865–1867; 1869–1871; 1874–1880).\n\nIn 1865 White suffered from a paralytic stroke. White eventually determined that he should retire from the ministry and live out his days gracefully. In 1880, [[G. I. Butler]] replaced him as General Conference president. During the summer of 1881, White came down with a fever and was taken to the [[Battle Creek Sanitarium]]. Despite the efforts of [[John Harvey Kellogg|Dr. Kellogg]], White died on August 6, 1881.\n\n== Publications ==\nWhite was a prolific writer and publisher for the Adventists. Some of his most popular publications include:\n\n*''Life Incidents'' (1868). Republished by [[Andrews University Press]] with an introduction by Jerry Moon ([https://web.archive.org/web/20090226125812/http://www.andrews.edu/universitypress/catalog.cgi?key=168 publisher's page])\n*''Word to the Little Flock'', 1847 Pamphlet\n*''Signs of the Times'', 1853\n*''Life Incidents'', 1868 Steam Press\n*''Selections from Life Incidents'', 1868 Steam Press\n*''A Solemn Appeal Relative to Solitary Vice, and the Abuses and Excesses in Marriage Relation'', 1870 Steam Press\n*''Sermons on The Coming and Kingdom of Our Lord Jesus Christ'', 1870 Steam Press\n*''Sketches of the Christian Life and Public Labors of William Miller'', 1875 Steam Press\n*''The Sounding of the Seven Trumpets of Revelation 8 & 9'', 1875 Steam Press\n*''The Second Coming of Christ, Matthew 24'', 1876\n*''Early Life & Experiences of Joseph Bates'', 1877 Steam Press\n*''Biblical Institute'', 1878 Steam Press\n*''Life Sketches'', 1880 Steam Press\n\n==See also==\n{{Portal|Christianity|Biography}}\n* [[General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists]]\n* [[Seventh-day Adventist Church]]\n* [[Ellen G. White]]\n* [[Adventist Review]]\n* [[Adventism|Adventist]]\n* [[Adventist Health Studies]]\n* [[Seventh-day Adventist Church Pioneers]]\n* [[Seventh-day Adventist eschatology]]\n* [[Seventh-day Adventist theology]]\n* [[Seventh-day Adventist worship]]\n*[[Millerites]]\n* [[History of the Seventh-day Adventist Church]]\n* [[Teachings of Ellen White]]\n* [[Inspiration of Ellen White]]\n* [[Prophecy in the Seventh-day Adventist Church]]\n* [[The Pillars of Adventism]]\n* [[Second Advent#Seventh Day Adventists|Second Advent]]\n* [[Historicism (Christian eschatology)|Historicism]]\n* [[Sabbath in Seventh-day Adventism]]\n\n== References ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n=== Resources ===\n* Gerald Wheeler. ''James White: Innovator and Overcomer''. Review and Herald, 2003\n\n==External links==\n* [http://www.whiteestate.org/pathways/jwhite.asp Biography on www.whiteestate.org]\n* [http://www.whiteestate.org/about/egwbio.asp#marriage Marriage to Ellen G. White]\n* [http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=moa;idno=AJK1999.0001.001 ''Life Incidents'' at Making of America]\n* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060718085649/http://www.adventistarchives.org/DocArchives.asp Adventist Archives] – Contains many articles written by James White\n* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080421050822/http://www.presentdaytruth.com/books/present-truth/index.php Original \"The Present Truth\" Articles] – Published by James White, known later as the ''Advent Review''\n\n{{s-start}}\n{{succession box\n|title = [[List of Presidents of the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists|President]] of the [[General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists]]\n|before = [[John Byington]] \n|after = [[John Nevins Andrews|J. N. Andrews]]\n|years = 1865–1867\n}}\n{{succession box\n | title = [[List of Presidents of the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists|President]] of the [[General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists]]\n | before = [[John Nevins Andrews|J. N. Andrews]] \n | after = [[George Ide Butler|G. I. Butler]]\n | years = 1869–1871\n}}\n{{succession box\n | title = [[List of Presidents of the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists|President]] of the [[General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists]]\n | before = [[George Ide Butler|G. I. Butler]] \n | after = [[George Ide Butler|G. I. Butler]]\n | years = 1874–1880\n}}\n{{succession box\n | title = Editor of the ''[[Adventist Review]]''\n | before = (Founder)\n | after = [[Uriah Smith]]\n | years = 1851–1855}}\n{{succession box\n | title = Editor of the ''[[Adventist Review]]''\n | before = [[Uriah Smith]]\n | after = [[Uriah Smith]]\n | years = 1861–1864}}\n{{succession box\n | title = Editor of the ''[[Adventist Review]]''\n | before = [[Uriah Smith]]\n | after = [[Uriah Smith]]\n | years = 1871–1872}}\n{{succession box\n | title = Editor of the ''[[Adventist Review]]''\n | before = [[Uriah Smith]]\n | after = [[Uriah Smith]]\n | years = 1873–1877}}\n{{succession box\n | title = Editor of the ''[[Adventist Review]]''\n | before = [[Uriah Smith]]\n | after = [[Uriah Smith]]\n | years = 1880–1881}}\n{{s-end}}\n\n{{Authority control}}\n\n{{DEFAULTSORT:White, James Springer}}\n[[Category:1821 births]]\n[[Category:1881 deaths]]\n[[Category:Seventh-day Adventist administrators]]\n[[Category:Seventh-day Adventist theologians]]\n[[Category:American Seventh-day Adventists]]\n[[Category:Seventh-day Adventist religious workers]]\n[[Category:American Seventh-day Adventist ministers]]\n[[Category:Seventh-day Adventists from Michigan]]\n[[Category:American Christian theologians]]\n[[Category:History of the Seventh-day Adventist Church]]\n[[Category:Editors of Christian publications]]\n[[Category:19th-century American writers]]\n[[Category:Andrews University]]\n[[Category:Lay theologians]]\n[[Category:Founders of new religious movements]]\n[[Category:People from Palmyra, Maine]]\n[[Category:American Seventh-day Adventist missionaries]]\n[[Category:Seventh-day Adventist missionaries in the United States]]"
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Ministry of culture | 7,094,282 | Ministry of culture may refer to: Ministry of Tourism, Cultural Affairs, Youth and Sports (Albania)
Ministry of Culture (Algeria)
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Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Arts, Heritage and Tourism
Minister of Culture, Arts and Leisure
Cabinet Secretary for Culture and External Affairs (Scotland)
Minister for Housing, Regeneration and Heritage (Wales)
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"html": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html prefix=\"dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ mw: http://mediawiki.org/rdf/\" about=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Redirect/revision/1139645354\"><head prefix=\"mwr: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Redirect/\"><meta property=\"mw:TimeUuid\" content=\"2a9ee100-adb3-11ed-9b6f-f304eca7b57e\"/><meta charset=\"utf-8\"/><meta property=\"mw:pageId\" content=\"7094282\"/><meta property=\"mw:pageNamespace\" content=\"0\"/><link rel=\"dc:replaces\" resource=\"mwr:revision/1139645333\"/><meta property=\"mw:revisionSHA1\" content=\"e07a7fa8a3be3ac73037202f7d64c9a7fff62cf5\"/><meta property=\"dc:modified\" content=\"2023-02-16T04:34:11.000Z\"/><meta property=\"mw:htmlVersion\" content=\"2.7.0\"/><meta property=\"mw:html:version\" content=\"2.7.0\"/><link rel=\"dc:isVersionOf\" href=\"//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_culture\"/><base href=\"//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/\"/><title>Ministry of culture</title><meta property=\"mw:moduleStyles\" content=\"ext.cite.style|ext.cite.styles\"/><link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.style%7Cext.cite.styles%7Cmediawiki.skinning.content.parsoid%7Cmediawiki.skinning.interface%7Csite.styles&only=styles&skin=vector\"/><meta http-equiv=\"content-language\" content=\"en\"/><meta http-equiv=\"vary\" content=\"Accept\"/></head><body id=\"mwAA\" lang=\"en\" class=\"mw-content-ltr sitedir-ltr ltr mw-body-content parsoid-body mediawiki mw-parser-output\" dir=\"ltr\"><section data-mw-section-id=\"0\" id=\"mwAQ\"><p id=\"mwAg\"><b id=\"mwAw\">Ministry of culture</b> may refer to:</p>\n\n<ul id=\"mwBA\"><li id=\"mwBQ\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Tourism,_Cultural_Affairs,_Youth_and_Sports_(Albania)\" title=\"Ministry of Tourism, Cultural Affairs, Youth and Sports (Albania)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBg\">Ministry of Tourism, Cultural Affairs, Youth and Sports (Albania)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwBw\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_(Algeria)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture (Algeria)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCA\">Ministry of Culture (Algeria)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwCQ\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_(Argentina)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture (Argentina)\" id=\"mwCg\">Ministry of Culture (Argentina)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwCw\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Minister_for_the_Arts_(Australia)\" title=\"Minister for the Arts (Australia)\" id=\"mwDA\">Minister for the Arts (Australia)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwDQ\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_(Azerbaijan)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture (Azerbaijan)\" id=\"mwDg\">Ministry of Culture (Azerbaijan)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwDw\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Youth,_Sports_and_Culture_(Bahamas)?action=edit&redlink=1\" title=\"Ministry of Youth, Sports and Culture (Bahamas)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Ministry of Youth, Sports and Culture (Bahamas)\"]}}' id=\"mwEA\">Ministry of Youth, Sports and Culture (Bahamas)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwEQ\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Citizenship_(Brazil)\" title=\"Ministry of Citizenship (Brazil)\" id=\"mwEg\">Ministry of Citizenship (Brazil)</a>\n<ul id=\"mwEw\"><li id=\"mwFA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_(Brazil)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture (Brazil)\" id=\"mwFQ\">Ministry of Culture (Brazil)</a></li></ul></li>\n<li id=\"mwFg\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture,_Youth_and_Sports_(Brunei)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports (Brunei)\" id=\"mwFw\">Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports (Brunei)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwGA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_(Burma)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture (Burma)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwGQ\">Ministry of Culture (Burma)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwGg\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Home_and_Cultural_Affairs_(Bhutan)\" title=\"Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs (Bhutan)\" id=\"mwGw\">Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs (Bhutan)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwHA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_and_Fine_Arts_(Cambodia)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts (Cambodia)\" id=\"mwHQ\">Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts (Cambodia)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwHg\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Minister_of_Canadian_Heritage\" title=\"Minister of Canadian Heritage\" id=\"mwHw\">Minister of Canadian Heritage</a>\n<ul id=\"mwIA\"><li id=\"mwIQ\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Tourism_and_Culture_(Ontario)\" title=\"Ministry of Tourism and Culture (Ontario)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwIg\">Ministry of Tourism and Culture (Ontario)</a> (result of merger of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_(Ontario)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture (Ontario)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwIw\">Ministry of Culture (Ontario)</a>)</li></ul></li>\n<li id=\"mwJA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_(Cape_Verde)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture (Cape Verde)\" id=\"mwJQ\">Ministry of Culture (Cape Verde)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwJg\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_(Bulgaria)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture (Bulgaria)\" id=\"mwJw\">Ministry of Culture (Bulgaria)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwKA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_and_Tourism_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China\" title=\"Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the People's Republic of China\" id=\"mwKQ\">Ministry of Culture and Tourism (China)</a>\n<ul id=\"mwKg\"><li id=\"mwKw\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Home_Affairs_Bureau\" title=\"Home Affairs Bureau\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwLA\">Home Affairs Bureau (Hong Kong)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwLQ\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Secretariat_for_Social_Affairs_and_Culture\" title=\"Secretariat for Social Affairs and Culture\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwLg\">Secretariat for Social Affairs and Culture (Macau)</a></li></ul></li>\n<li id=\"mwLw\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_(Colombia)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture (Colombia)\" id=\"mwMA\">Ministry of Culture (Colombia)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwMQ\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_(Croatia)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture (Croatia)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwMg\">Ministry of Culture (Croatia)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwMw\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_(Czech_Republic)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture (Czech Republic)\" id=\"mwNA\">Ministry of Culture (Czech Republic)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwNQ\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_(Denmark)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture (Denmark)\" id=\"mwNg\">Ministry of Culture (Denmark)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwNw\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Higher_Education,_Science_and_Culture_(East_Timor)\" title=\"Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Culture (East Timor)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwOA\">Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Culture (East Timor)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwOQ\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_(Egypt)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture (Egypt)\" id=\"mwOg\">Ministry of Culture (Egypt)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwOw\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_(Estonia)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture (Estonia)\" id=\"mwPA\">Ministry of Culture (Estonia)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwPQ\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_and_Tourism_(Ethiopia)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Ethiopia)\" id=\"mwPg\">Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Ethiopia)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwPw\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Minister_of_Culture_(France)\" title=\"Minister of Culture (France)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwQA\">Minister of Culture (France)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwQQ\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_and_Tourism_(Greece)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Greece)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwQg\">Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Greece)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwQw\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_and_Communication_(Haiti)?action=edit&redlink=1\" title=\"Ministry of Culture and Communication (Haiti)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Ministry of Culture and Communication (Haiti)\"]}}' id=\"mwRA\">Ministry of Culture and Communication (Haiti)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwRQ\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture,_Arts_and_Sports_(Honduras)?action=edit&redlink=1\" title=\"Ministry of Culture, Arts and Sports (Honduras)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Ministry of Culture, Arts and Sports (Honduras)\"]}}' id=\"mwRg\">Ministry of Culture, Arts and Sports (Honduras)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwRw\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Minister_of_Education_of_Hungary\" title=\"Minister of Education of Hungary\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwSA\">Minister of Education of Hungary</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwSQ\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Minister_of_Education,_Science_and_Culture_(Iceland)\" title=\"Minister of Education, Science and Culture (Iceland)\" id=\"mwSg\">Minister of Education, Science and Culture</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Iceland\" title=\"Iceland\" id=\"mwSw\">Iceland</a>)</li>\n<li id=\"mwTA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Education_and_Culture_(Indonesia)\" title=\"Ministry of Education and Culture (Indonesia)\" id=\"mwTQ\">Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technolog (Indonesia)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwTg\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_(India)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture (India)\" id=\"mwTw\">Ministry of Culture (India)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwUA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_and_Islamic_Guidance\" title=\"Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance\" id=\"mwUQ\">Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Iran\" title=\"Iran\" id=\"mwUg\">Iran</a>)</li>\n<li id=\"mwUw\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Minister_for_Tourism,_Culture,_Arts,_Gaeltacht,_Sport_and_Media\" title=\"Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media\" id=\"mwVA\">Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Republic_of_Ireland\" title=\"Republic of Ireland\" id=\"mwVQ\">Ireland</a>)</li>\n<li id=\"mwVg\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_and_Sport_(Israel)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture and Sport (Israel)\" id=\"mwVw\">Ministry of Culture and Sports</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Israel\" title=\"Israel\" id=\"mwWA\">Israel</a>)</li>\n<li id=\"mwWQ\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Minister_for_Cultural_Assets_and_Activities\" title=\"Minister for Cultural Assets and Activities\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwWg\">Minister for Cultural Assets and Activities</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Italy\" title=\"Italy\" id=\"mwWw\">Italy</a>)</li>\n<li id=\"mwXA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Minister_of_Education,_Culture,_Sports,_Science_and_Technology_(Japan)\" title=\"Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwXQ\">Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwXg\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_(Jordan)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture (Jordan)\" id=\"mwXw\">Ministry of Culture (Jordan)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwYA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_(Kazakhstan)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture (Kazakhstan)\" id=\"mwYQ\">Ministry of Culture (Kazakhstan)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwYg\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture,_Information_and_Tourism_(Kyrgyz_Republic)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture, Information and Tourism (Kyrgyz Republic)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwYw\">Ministry of Culture, Information and Tourism (Kyrgyz Republic)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwZA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_(Lithuania)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture (Lithuania)\" id=\"mwZQ\">Ministry of Culture (Lithuania)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwZg\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_(Lebanon)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture (Lebanon)\" id=\"mwZw\">Ministry of Culture (Lebanon)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwaA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_(Republic_of_Macedonia)?action=edit&redlink=1\" title=\"Ministry of Culture (Republic of Macedonia)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Ministry of Culture (Republic of Macedonia)\"]}}' id=\"mwaQ\">Ministry of Culture (Republic of Macedonia)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwag\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Minister_of_Tourism,_Arts_and_Culture_(Malaysia)\" title=\"Minister of Tourism, Arts and Culture (Malaysia)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwaw\">Minister of Tourism, Arts and Culture (Malaysia)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwbA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Secretariat_of_Culture\" title=\"Secretariat of Culture\" id=\"mwbQ\">Secretariat of Culture</a>, Mexico</li>\n<li id=\"mwbg\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_(Moldova)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture (Moldova)\" id=\"mwbw\">Ministry of Culture (Moldova)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwcA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_(Montenegro)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture (Montenegro)\" id=\"mwcQ\">Ministry of Culture (Montenegro)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwcg\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_(Morocco)?action=edit&redlink=1\" title=\"Ministry of Culture (Morocco)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Ministry of Culture (Morocco)\"]}}' id=\"mwcw\">Ministry of Culture (Morocco)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwdA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Religious_Affairs_and_Culture_(Myanmar)\" title=\"Ministry of Religious Affairs and Culture (Myanmar)\" id=\"mwdQ\">Ministry of Religious Affairs and Culture (Myanmar)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwdg\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Education,_Culture_and_Science\" title=\"Ministry of Education, Culture and Science\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwdw\">Ministry of Education, Culture and Science</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Netherlands\" title=\"Netherlands\" id=\"mweA\">Netherlands</a>)</li>\n<li id=\"mweQ\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_for_Culture_and_Heritage_(New_Zealand)\" title=\"Ministry for Culture and Heritage (New Zealand)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mweg\">Ministry for Culture and Heritage (New Zealand)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwew\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Federal_Ministry_of_Information_and_Culture_(Nigeria)\" title=\"Federal Ministry of Information and Culture (Nigeria)\" id=\"mwfA\">Federal Ministry of Information and Culture (Nigeria)</a>\n<ul id=\"mwfQ\"><li id=\"mwfg\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_and_Tourism_(Rivers_State)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Rivers State)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwfw\">Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Rivers State)</a></li></ul></li>\n<li id=\"mwgA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Minister_of_Culture_(North_Korea)?action=edit&redlink=1\" title=\"Minister of Culture (North Korea)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Minister of Culture (North Korea)\"]}}' id=\"mwgQ\">Minister of Culture (North Korea)</a><sup about=\"#mwt5\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-1\"}}'><a href=\"./Ministry_of_culture#cite_note-1\" style=\"counter-reset: mw-Ref 1;\" id=\"mwgg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwgw\">[1]</span></a></sup></li>\n<li id=\"mwhA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_(Norway)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture (Norway)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwhQ\">Ministry of Culture (Norway)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwhg\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_(Peru)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture (Peru)\" id=\"mwhw\">Ministry of Culture (Peru)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwiA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_and_National_Heritage_of_the_Republic_of_Poland\" title=\"Ministry of Culture and National Heritage of the Republic of Poland\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwiQ\">Minister of Culture and National Heritage</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Poland\" title=\"Poland\" id=\"mwig\">Poland</a>)</li>\n<li id=\"mwiw\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_(Portugal)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture (Portugal)\" id=\"mwjA\">Ministry of Culture (Portugal)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwjQ\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture,_Arts_and_Heritage_(Qatar)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture, Arts and Heritage (Qatar)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwjg\">Ministry of Culture, Arts and Heritage (Qatar)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwjw\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_(Romania)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture (Romania)\" id=\"mwkA\">Ministry of Culture (Romania)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwkQ\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_(Russia)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture (Russia)\" id=\"mwkg\">Ministry of Culture (Russia)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwkw\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_(Saudi_Arabia)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture (Saudi Arabia)\" id=\"mwlA\">Ministry of Culture (Saudi Arabia)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwlQ\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Information,_Communications_and_the_Arts\" title=\"Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwlg\">Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Singapore\" title=\"Singapore\" id=\"mwlw\">Singapore</a>)</li>\n<li id=\"mwmA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_(Slovakia)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture (Slovakia)\" id=\"mwmQ\">Ministry of Culture (Slovakia)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwmg\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_(Slovenia)?action=edit&redlink=1\" title=\"Ministry of Culture (Slovenia)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Ministry of Culture (Slovenia)\"]}}' id=\"mwmw\">Ministry of Culture (Slovenia)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwnA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Minister_of_Arts_and_Culture_(South_Africa)\" title=\"Minister of Arts and Culture (South Africa)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwnQ\">Minister of Arts and Culture (South Africa)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwng\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture,_Sports_and_Tourism_(South_Korea)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (South Korea)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwnw\">Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (South Korea)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwoA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_(Spain)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture (Spain)\" id=\"mwoQ\">Ministry of Culture (Spain)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwog\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_(Sweden)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture (Sweden)\" id=\"mwow\">Ministry of Culture (Sweden)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwpA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_(Syria)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture (Syria)\" id=\"mwpQ\">Ministry of Culture (Syria)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwpg\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_(Taiwan)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture (Taiwan)\" id=\"mwpw\">Ministry of Culture (Taiwan)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwqA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_(Thailand)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture (Thailand)\" id=\"mwqQ\">Ministry of Culture (Thailand)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwqg\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_and_Tourism_(Turkey)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Turkey)\" id=\"mwqw\">Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Turkey)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwrA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_(Tunisia)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture (Tunisia)\" id=\"mwrQ\">Ministry of Culture (Tunisia)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwrg\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_(Turkmenistan)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture (Turkmenistan)\" id=\"mwrw\">Ministry of Culture (Turkmenistan)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwsA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture_&_Youth?action=edit&redlink=1\" title=\"Ministry of Culture & Youth\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Ministry of Culture & Youth\"]}}' id=\"mwsQ\">Ministry of Culture & Youth</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./United_Arab_Emirates\" title=\"United Arab Emirates\" id=\"mwsg\">United Arab Emirates</a>)</li>\n<li id=\"mwsw\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Department_for_Digital,_Culture,_Media_and_Sport\" title=\"Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwtA\">Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport</a> (United Kingdom)\n<ul id=\"mwtQ\"><li id=\"mwtg\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Secretary_of_State_for_Digital,_Culture,_Media_and_Sport\" title=\"Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwtw\">Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./United_Kingdom\" title=\"United Kingdom\" id=\"mwuA\">United Kingdom</a>)</li>\n<li id=\"mwuQ\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Parliamentary_Under_Secretary_of_State_for_Arts,_Heritage_and_Tourism\" title=\"Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Arts, Heritage and Tourism\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwug\">Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Arts, Heritage and Tourism</a> (United Kingdom)\n<ul id=\"mwuw\"><li id=\"mwvA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Department_of_Culture,_Arts_and_Leisure\" title=\"Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwvQ\">Minister of Culture, Arts and Leisure</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Northern_Ireland\" title=\"Northern Ireland\" id=\"mwvg\">Northern Ireland</a>)</li>\n<li id=\"mwvw\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Cabinet_Secretary_for_Culture_and_External_Affairs\" title=\"Cabinet Secretary for Culture and External Affairs\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwwA\">Cabinet Secretary for Culture and External Affairs</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Scotland\" title=\"Scotland\" id=\"mwwQ\">Scotland</a>)</li>\n<li id=\"mwwg\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Minister_for_Housing,_Regeneration_and_Heritage?action=edit&redlink=1\" title=\"Minister for Housing, Regeneration and Heritage\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Minister for Housing, Regeneration and Heritage\"]}}' id=\"mwww\">Minister for Housing, Regeneration and Heritage</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Wales\" title=\"Wales\" id=\"mwxA\">Wales</a>)</li></ul></li></ul></li>\n<li id=\"mwxQ\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Ministry_of_Culture,_Sports_and_Tourism_(Vietnam)\" title=\"Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (Vietnam)\" id=\"mwxg\">Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (Vietnam)</a></li></ul>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"1\" id=\"mwxw\"><h2 id=\"References\">References</h2>\n<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1011085734\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" about=\"#mwt6\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Reflist\",\"href\":\"./Template:Reflist\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}}]}' id=\"mwyA\">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class=\"reflist \" about=\"#mwt6\" id=\"mwyQ\">\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/references\" about=\"#mwt10\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"references\",\"attrs\":{\"group\":\"\",\"responsive\":\"1\"},\"body\":{\"html\":\"\"}}' id=\"mwyg\"><ol class=\"mw-references references\" id=\"mwyw\"><li about=\"#cite_note-1\" id=\"cite_note-1\"><a href=\"./Ministry_of_culture#cite_ref-1\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwzA\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwzQ\">↑ </span></a> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-1\" class=\"mw-reference-text\"><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1133582631\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" about=\"#mwt2\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite web \",\"href\":\"./Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments: Korea, North - NDE\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Central Intelligence Agency\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"19 January 2017\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"8 May 2018\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/KN.html\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20131004233413/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/KN.html\"},\"url-status\":{\"wt\":\"dead\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"October 4, 2013\"}},\"i\":0}}]}' id=\"mwzg\">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:\"\\\"\"\"\\\"\"\"'\"\"'\"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg\")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg\")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg\")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg\")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt2\" id=\"mwzw\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20131004233413/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/KN.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mw0A\">\"Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments: Korea, North - NDE\"</a>. Central Intelligence Agency. 19 January 2017. Archived from <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/KN.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mw0Q\">the original</a> on October 4, 2013<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mw0g\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mw0w\">8 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chiefs+of+State+and+Cabinet+Members+of+Foreign+Governments%3A+Korea%2C+North+-+NDE&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft.date=2017-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fworld-leaders-1%2FKN.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinistry+of+culture\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt2\" id=\"mw1A\"></span></span></li></ol></div></div>\n\n<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1097304697\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" about=\"#mwt11\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"set index article\",\"href\":\"./Template:Set_index_article\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}}]}' id=\"mw1Q\">.mw-parser-output .dmbox{display:flex;align-items:center;clear:both;margin:0.9em 1em;border-top:1px solid #ccc;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;padding:0.25em 0.35em;font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .dmbox>*{flex-shrink:0;margin:0 0.25em}.mw-parser-output .dmbox-body{flex-grow:1;flex-shrink:1;padding:0.1em 0}.mw-parser-output .dmbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}</style><span about=\"#mwt11\">\n</span><div role=\"note\" id=\"_setindexbox\" class=\"metadata plainlinks dmbox \ndmbox-setindex \" about=\"#mwt11\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"./File:DAB_list_gray.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img alt=\"Disambiguation icon\" resource=\"./File:DAB_list_gray.svg\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/DAB_list_gray.svg/30px-DAB_list_gray.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" data-file-width=\"220\" data-file-height=\"168\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"23\" width=\"30\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/DAB_list_gray.svg/45px-DAB_list_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/DAB_list_gray.svg/60px-DAB_list_gray.svg.png 2x\"/></a></span><div class=\"dmbox-body\"><div class=\"shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux\" style=\"display:none\">Index of articles associated with the same name</div><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Articles_with_short_description\"/><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Short_description_with_empty_Wikidata_description\"/>\nThis <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"./Wikipedia:Set_index_articles\" title=\"Wikipedia:Set index articles\">article</a> includes a list of related items that share the same name (or similar names). <br/> <span style=\"font-size: 88%;\">If an <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink\" href=\"//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Whatlinkshere/Ministry_of_culture&namespace=0\" class=\"external text\">internal link</a> incorrectly led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.</span></div>\n</div><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:All_set_index_articles\" about=\"#mwt11\"/><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Set_index_articles#Ministry%20of%20culture\" about=\"#mwt11\" id=\"mw1g\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Category:Culture_ministries#%20\" id=\"mw1w\"/></section></body></html>",
"wikitext": "'''Ministry of culture''' may refer to:\n\n*[[Ministry of Tourism, Cultural Affairs, Youth and Sports (Albania)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture (Algeria)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture (Argentina)]]\n*[[Minister for the Arts (Australia)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture (Azerbaijan)]]\n*[[Ministry of Youth, Sports and Culture (Bahamas)]]\n*[[Ministry of Citizenship (Brazil)]]\n**[[Ministry of Culture (Brazil)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports (Brunei)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture (Burma)]]\n*[[Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs (Bhutan)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts (Cambodia)]]\n*[[Minister of Canadian Heritage]]\n**[[Ministry of Tourism and Culture (Ontario)]] (result of merger of [[Ministry of Culture (Ontario)]])\n*[[Ministry of Culture (Cape Verde)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture (Bulgaria)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the People's Republic of China|Ministry of Culture and Tourism (China)]]\n**[[Home Affairs Bureau|Home Affairs Bureau (Hong Kong)]]\n**[[Secretariat for Social Affairs and Culture|Secretariat for Social Affairs and Culture (Macau)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture (Colombia)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture (Croatia)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture (Czech Republic)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture (Denmark)]]\n*[[Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Culture (East Timor)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture (Egypt)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture (Estonia)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Ethiopia)]]\n*[[Minister of Culture (France)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Greece)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture and Communication (Haiti)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture, Arts and Sports (Honduras)]]\n*[[Minister of Education of Hungary]]\n*[[Minister of Education, Science and Culture (Iceland)|Minister of Education, Science and Culture]] ([[Iceland]])\n*[[Ministry of Education and Culture (Indonesia)|Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technolog (Indonesia)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture (India)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance]] ([[Iran]])\n*[[Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media]] ([[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]])\n*[[Ministry of Culture and Sport (Israel)|Ministry of Culture and Sports]] ([[Israel]])\n*[[Minister for Cultural Assets and Activities]] ([[Italy]])\n*[[Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture (Jordan)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture (Kazakhstan)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture, Information and Tourism (Kyrgyz Republic)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture (Lithuania)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture (Lebanon)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture (Republic of Macedonia)]]\n*[[Minister of Tourism, Arts and Culture (Malaysia)]]\n*[[Secretariat of Culture]], Mexico\n*[[Ministry of Culture (Moldova)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture (Montenegro)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture (Morocco)]]\n*[[Ministry of Religious Affairs and Culture (Myanmar)]]\n*[[Ministry of Education, Culture and Science]] ([[Netherlands]])\n*[[Ministry for Culture and Heritage (New Zealand)]]\n*[[Federal Ministry of Information and Culture (Nigeria)]]\n**[[Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Rivers State)]]\n*[[Minister of Culture (North Korea)]]<ref>{{Cite web | title = Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments: Korea, North - NDE | publisher = Central Intelligence Agency | date = 19 January 2017 | access-date = 8 May 2018 | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/KN.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131004233413/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/KN.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = October 4, 2013 }}</ref>\n*[[Ministry of Culture (Norway)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture (Peru)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture and National Heritage of the Republic of Poland|Minister of Culture and National Heritage]] ([[Poland]])\n*[[Ministry of Culture (Portugal)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture, Arts and Heritage (Qatar)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture (Romania)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture (Russia)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture (Saudi Arabia)|Ministry of Culture (Saudi Arabia)]]\n*[[Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts]] ([[Singapore]])\n*[[Ministry of Culture (Slovakia)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture (Slovenia)]]\n*[[Minister of Arts and Culture (South Africa)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (South Korea)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture (Spain)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture (Sweden)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture (Syria)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture (Taiwan)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture (Thailand)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Turkey)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture (Tunisia)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture (Turkmenistan)]]\n*[[Ministry of Culture & Youth]] ([[United Arab Emirates]])\n*[[Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport]] (United Kingdom)\n**[[Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport]] ([[United Kingdom]])\n**[[Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Arts, Heritage and Tourism]] (United Kingdom)\n***[[Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure|Minister of Culture, Arts and Leisure]] ([[Northern Ireland]])\n***[[Cabinet Secretary for Culture and External Affairs]] ([[Scotland]])\n***[[Minister for Housing, Regeneration and Heritage]] ([[Wales]])\n* [[Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (Vietnam)]]\n\n==References==\n{{Reflist}}\n\n{{set index article}}\n[[Category:Culture ministries| ]]"
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} | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharugh | {
"identifier": 0
} | {
"identifier": "en"
} | null | null | [{"name":"Category:Short description with empty Wikidata description","url":"https://en.wikipedia.or(...TRUNCATED) | [{"name":"Template:Short description","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Short_descriptio(...TRUNCATED) | [
{
"name": "Khorugh",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khorugh"
}
] | {
"identifier": "enwiki",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org"
} | {"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html prefix=\"dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ mw: http://mediawiki.org/rdf/(...TRUNCATED) | [{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 3.0 Unported","identifier":"CC-BY-SA-3.0","url":"(...TRUNCATED) | {"identifier":"10d41c69-f5f2-4352-b13d-ec47149dbc47","type":"update","date_created":"2023-02-16T20:3(...TRUNCATED) | null |
2019 UEFA Nations League Final | 56,456,689 | "The 2019 UEFA Nations League Final was a football match that determined the winners of the final to(...TRUNCATED) | null | "2023-01-25T16:20:40" | null | {"identifier":1135587252,"comment":null,"tags":null,"is_minor_edit":null,"scores":null,"editor":null(...TRUNCATED) | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_UEFA_Nations_League_Final | {
"identifier": 0
} | {
"identifier": "en"
} | {
"identifier": "Q59871996",
"url": "https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q59871996"
} | [{"identifier":"Q59871996","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q59871996","aspects":["C","D.en","(...TRUNCATED) | [{"name":"Category:2018–19 in Portuguese football","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2(...TRUNCATED) | [{"name":"Template:Distinguish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Distinguish"},{"name":(...TRUNCATED) | null | {
"identifier": "enwiki",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org"
} | {"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html prefix=\"dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ mw: http://mediawiki.org/rdf/(...TRUNCATED) | [{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 3.0 Unported","identifier":"CC-BY-SA-3.0","url":"(...TRUNCATED) | {"identifier":"8d08d213-87a9-4bdc-ac4e-7539dd21f7e4","type":"update","date_created":"2023-02-16T20:1(...TRUNCATED) | null |
Al-Azem Palace | 9,910,451 | "Al-Azem Palace is a palace in Damascus, Syria, built in 1749. Located north of Al-Buzuriyah Souq in(...TRUNCATED) | null | "2022-12-17T09:14:20" | null | {"identifier":1127906963,"comment":null,"tags":null,"is_minor_edit":null,"scores":null,"editor":null(...TRUNCATED) | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Azem_Palace | {
"identifier": 0
} | {
"identifier": "en"
} | {
"identifier": "Q793784",
"url": "https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q793784"
} | [{"identifier":"Q793784","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q793784","aspects":["C.P1754","C.P40(...TRUNCATED) | [{"name":"Category:Palaces in Syria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Palaces_in_Syria"(...TRUNCATED) | [{"name":"Template:About","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:About"},{"name":"Template:In(...TRUNCATED) | [{"name":"Azem palace","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azem_palace"},{"name":"Azem Palace","url(...TRUNCATED) | {
"identifier": "enwiki",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org"
} | {"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html prefix=\"dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ mw: http://mediawiki.org/rdf/(...TRUNCATED) | [{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 3.0 Unported","identifier":"CC-BY-SA-3.0","url":"(...TRUNCATED) | {"identifier":"94e624e0-ce1e-4bf6-84ac-24d63c339773","type":"update","date_created":"2023-02-16T21:2(...TRUNCATED) | null |
End of preview.
Dataset Card for SuperWIKI
Dataset Summary
If you show most of those to people and ask them to form an opinion,
the answer isn't just going to be "I don't know": it'll be "I don't care."
SuperWIKI is a focused dataset on wikipedia articles.
Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
The dataset is generally used for Language Modeling.
Languages
- English
Dataset Structure
All the files are located in gzip'd jsonl files..
Data Instances
Refer to Wikimedia Enterprise (API Data Dictionary) for more data instances.
Data Fields
Q-Score Distribution
Not Applicable
Data Splits
No data splits were done.
Dataset Creation
Curation Rationale
"Wikipedia is a wonderful resources however it could be considered too sparse as there are many articles that are not important for the common user..."
The abundance of less significant or obscure topics can also contribute to the perceived sparsity. While Wikipedia's commitment to covering even niche subjects is commendable, it might be overwhelming for casual users seeking concise and essential information. For instance, niche historical events, minor fictional characters, or obscure scientific theories might exist as standalone articles, but their relevance to the everyday reader could be questioned. - ChatGPT
Source Data
Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed]
Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed]
Annotations
Annotation process
[More Information Needed]
Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed]
Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
Considerations for Using the Data
Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
Additional Information
Dataset Curators
KaraKaraWitch
Licensing Information
Most of Wikipedia's text and many of its images are co-licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License (CC BY-SA) and the GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) (unversioned, with no invariant sections, front-cover texts, or back-cover texts).
Some text has been imported only under CC BY-SA and CC BY-SA-compatible license and cannot be reused under GFDL; such text will be identified on the page footer, in the page history, or on the discussion page of the article that utilizes the text.
Citation Information
@misc{superwiki,
title = {SuperWIKI: Wikipedia for commoners.},
author = {KaraKaraWitch},
year = {2023},
howpublished = {\url{https://huggingface.co/datasets/RyokoExtra/SuperWIKI}},
}
Name Etymology
N/A
Contributions
- @KaraKaraWitch (Twitter) for gathering this dataset.
- @sirneggles (Twitter) for provided compute.
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