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{ "paragraph": [ "Conan O'Brien\n", "Conan Christopher O'Brien (born April 18, 1963) is an American television host, comedian, writer, and producer. He is best known for hosting several late-night talk shows; since 2010, he has hosted \"Conan\" on the cable channel TBS.\n", "Born in Brookline, Massachusetts, O'Brien was raised in an Irish Catholic family. He served as president of \"The Harvard Lampoon\" while attending Harvard University, and was a writer for the sketch comedy series \"Not Necessarily the News\". After writing for several comedy shows in Los Angeles, he joined the writing staff of \"Saturday Night Live\". O'Brien was a writer and producer for \"The Simpsons\" for two seasons until he was commissioned by NBC to take over David Letterman's position as host of \"Late Night\" in 1993. A virtual unknown to the public, O'Brien's initial \"Late Night\" tenure received unfavorable reviews and remained on a multiweek renewal cycle during its early years. The show generally improved over time and was highly regarded by the time of his departure in 2009. Afterwards, O'Brien relocated from New York to Los Angeles to host his own incarnation of \"The Tonight Show\" for seven months until network politics prompted a host change in 2010.\n", "Known for his spontaneous hosting style, which has been characterized as \"awkward, self-deprecating humor\", O'Brien's late-night programs combine the \"lewd and wacky with more elegant, narrative-driven short films (remotes)\". He has hosted \"Conan\" since 2010 and has also hosted such events as the Emmy Awards and \"Christmas in Washington\". O'Brien has been the subject of a documentary, \"Conan O'Brien Can't Stop\" (2011), and has also hosted a 32-city live comedy tour and later an 18-city live comedy tour.\n", "With the retirement of David Letterman on May 20, 2015, O'Brien became the longest-working of all current late-night talk show hosts in the United States, at 25 years.\n", "Section::::Early life.\n", "O'Brien was born on April 18, 1963, in Brookline, Massachusetts. His father, Thomas Francis O'Brien, is a physician, epidemiologist, and professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School. His mother, Ruth O'Brien (née Reardon), is a retired attorney and former partner at the Boston firm Ropes & Gray. O'Brien has three brothers and two sisters.\n", "O'Brien attended Brookline High School, where he served as the managing editor of the school newspaper, \"The Sagamore\". In his second year, O'Brien was an intern for Congressman Robert Drinan and in his senior year, he won the National Council of Teachers of English writing contest with his short story, \"To Bury the Living\". After graduating as valedictorian in 1981, he entered Harvard University. At Harvard, O'Brien lived in Holworthy Hall during his first year with Luis Ubiñas and two other roommates and in Mather House during his three upper-class years. He concentrated in History & Literature, and graduated \"magna cum laude\" in 1985. O'Brien's senior thesis concerned the use of children as symbols in the works of William Faulkner and Flannery O'Connor. During college, O'Brien briefly served as the drummer in a band called \"The Bad Clams\", was a writer for the \"Harvard Lampoon\" humor magazine, and developed a spoof of the popular video game \"\" in which the Boston Celtics play against a classical ballet troupe. During his sophomore and junior years, he served as the \"Lampoon\"'s president. At this time, O'Brien's future boss at NBC, Jeff Zucker, was serving as President of the school's newspaper \"The Harvard Crimson\".\n", "Section::::Career.\n", "Section::::Career.:\"Saturday Night Live\" (1987–1991).\n", "O'Brien moved to Los Angeles after graduation to join the writing staff of HBO's \"Not Necessarily the News\". He was also a writer on the short-lived \"The Wilton North Report\". He spent two years with that show and performed regularly with improvisational groups, including The Groundlings. In January 1988, \"Saturday Night Live\"'s executive producer, Lorne Michaels, hired O'Brien as a writer. During his three years on \"Saturday Night Live (SNL)\", he wrote such recurring sketches as \"Mr. Short-Term memory\" and \"The Girl Watchers\"; the latter was first performed by Tom Hanks and Jon Lovitz. While on a writers' strike from \"Saturday Night Live\" following the 1987–88 season, O'Brien put on an improvisational comedy revue in Chicago with fellow \"SNL\" writers Bob Odenkirk and Robert Smigel called \"Happy Happy Good Show\". While living in Chicago, O'Brien briefly roomed with Jeff Garlin. In 1989, O'Brien and his fellow \"SNL\" writers received an Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing in a Comedy or Variety Series.\n", "O'Brien, like many \"SNL\" writers, occasionally appeared as an extra in sketches; his most notable appearance was as a doorman in a sketch in which Tom Hanks was inducted into the SNL \"Five-Timers Club\" for hosting his fifth episode. O'Brien returned to host the show in 2001 during its 26th season. O'Brien and Robert Smigel wrote the television pilot for \"Lookwell\" starring Adam West, which aired on NBC in 1991. The pilot never went to series, but it became a cult hit. It was later screened at \"The Other Network\", a festival of unaired TV pilots produced by Un-Cabaret; it featured an extended interview with O'Brien and was rerun in 2002 on the Trio network.\n", "Things changed for O'Brien in 1991, when in quick succession, an engagement fell through; \"Lookwell\" was not picked up; and, burned out, he quit \"Saturday Night Live\". \"I told Lorne Michaels I couldn't come back to work and I just needed to do something else,\" O'Brien recalled. \"I had no plan whatsoever. I was literally in this big transition phase in my life where I decided, I'll just walk around New York City, and an idea will come to me.\" Mike Reiss and Al Jean, then dual showrunners of \"The Simpsons\", called O'Brien and offered him a job. The series was notorious in the writing community at the time; O'Brien recalls \"everyone wanted to be on that show, but they never hired.\" O'Brien was one of the first hires after the show's original crew. With the help of old Groundlings friend Lisa Kudrow, O'Brien purchased an apartment in Beverly Hills. He and Kudrow became involved as well, and Kudrow believed he should begin performing rather than writing. O'Brien disagreed, feeling that Kudrow was being overly flattering and asserting he was happy as a writer. In his speech given at Class Day at Harvard in 2000, O'Brien credited \"The Simpsons\" with saving him, a reference to the career slump he was experiencing prior to his being hired for the show.\n", "Section::::Career.:\"The Simpsons\" (1991–1993).\n", "From 1991 to 1993, O'Brien was a writer and producer for \"The Simpsons\". When O'Brien first arrived at the Fox lot, they temporarily gave him writer Jeff Martin's office. O'Brien was nervous and self-conscious, feeling that he would embarrass himself in front of what he regarded as an intimidating collection of writers. O'Brien would pitch characters in their voices as he thought that was the norm until Reiss informed him that no one did such. He fit in quickly, commanding control of the room frequently; Josh Weinstein called it a \"ten-hour Conan show, nonstop\". According to John Ortved, one of his fellow writers ventured that if Conan hadn't left to do \"Late Night\", he was a shoo-in to take over as showrunner on \"The Simpsons\".\n", "When not contributing to others' scripts, O'Brien managed to craft what are regarded as some of the series' most memorable and finest episodes: \"Marge vs. the Monorail\" and \"Homer Goes to College\". Generally, critics, fans and even those who worked on the show agree that its sensibilities changed following \"Marge vs. the Monorail.\" The show was initially a highly realistic family sitcom; after O'Brien's debut, the show took a rapid shift in the direction of the surreal. Along with those episodes, he has sole writing credits on \"New Kid on the Block\" and \"Treehouse of Horror IV\", on which he wrote the episode wraparounds. Wallace Wolodarsky described a \"room character\" Conan put on for the writers: \"Conan used to do this thing called the Nervous Writer that involved him opening a can of Diet Coke and then nervously pitching a joke. He would spray Diet Coke all over himself, and that was always a source of endless amusement among us.\" Occasionally, fellow writers from the show would stop by O'Brien's Beverly Hills apartment.\n", "Meanwhile, \"Late Night\" host David Letterman was preparing to leave, prompting executive producer Lorne Michaels to search for a new host. Michaels approached O'Brien to produce; then-agent Gavin Polone stressed that O'Brien wanted to perform, rather than produce. He arranged with Michaels that O'Brien would do a test audition on the stage of \"The Tonight Show\". Jason Alexander and Mimi Rogers were the guests, and the audience was composed of \"Simpsons\" writers. Wolodarksky recalled the experience: \"Seeing this friend of yours, this guy that you worked with, walk out from behind that curtain and deliver a monologue was like something you could only dream up that you couldn't ever imagine actually happening.\" The performance was beamed by satellite to New York, where Lorne Michaels and NBC executives watched. O'Brien was picked as the new host of \"Late Night\" on April 26, 1993. As the writers headed to the voice record for \"Homer Goes to College\", O'Brien received a phone call from Polone informing him of the decision. \"He was passed out facedown into this horrible shag carpet. He was just quiet and comatose down there on that carpet,\" recalled postproduction supervisor Michael Mendel. \"I remember looking at him and saying, 'Wow. Your life is about to change, in a really dramatic way.'\"\n", "Fox, however, would not let O'Brien out of his contract. Eventually, NBC and O'Brien would split the cost to get him out of the contract. After O'Brien's departure, the writers at \"The Simpsons\" would watch videotaped episodes of \"Late Night\" at lunch the day following their midnight broadcast and analyze them. During his time at \"The Simpsons\", O'Brien also had a side project working with Smigel on the script for a musical film based on the \"Hans and Franz\" sketch from \"Saturday Night Live\", but the film was never produced.\n", "Section::::Career.:\"Late Night\" (1993–2009).\n", "\"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\", originating from Studio 6A at 30 Rockefeller Plaza in New York City, premiered on September 13, 1993 to unfavorable reviews from contemporary critics. This reception was not completely unsurprising; O'Brien wrote a self-deprecating \"The New York Times\" piece titled \"O'Brien Flops!\" on the day of the show's premiere. Critics attacked O'Brien: Tom Shales of \"The Washington Post\" suggested that \"the host resume his previous identity, Conan O'Blivion.\" Generally, critics viewed O'Brien as nervous and fidgety on-camera, and that he was \"too smart, too East Coast, too sophisticated, too young and even too tall to be successful.\" The show was constantly at risk for cancellation; at one low point in 1994, NBC threatened to put him on a week-to-week contract. Executives were anxious to replace him with Greg Kinnear, who followed O'Brien with \"Later\" at 1:30 am. Interns filled empty seats in the audience while affiliates began to inquire about replacement hosts. In one installment after a short stretch of reruns, sidekick Andy Richter described his vacation activities as follows: \"I sat back and reminded myself what it's like to be unemployed.\" The in-joke referenced the rumors floating in the trades that NBC was near canceling the program.\n", "Things would improve slowly. Banter between O'Brien and Richter improved, and sketches grew in popularity (\"If They Mated\", \"Desk Drive\", \"In the Year 2000\"). A reliable staple involved a TV screen, lowered behind O'Brien's desk and displaying a still photo of news figure. The lips and voice of these characters – frequently a party-crazed hillbilly interpretation of Bill Clinton – were supplied by writing partner Robert Smigel. A turning point was David Letterman's February 1994 appearance. \"It was a morale boost,\" said O'Brien. \"I'm thinking, If the guy who created the 12:30 thing comes on and says we're smart and funny, let's go.\" The show went through a wobble in January 1995 when Robert Smigel, feeling burned out, quit as head writer. The show's quality improved slowly over time, and most credit O'Brien's growing comedic performance. Within a year, a comedic formula began to arise: the show would combine the lewd and wacky with a more elegant, narrative-driven remotes. Regular characters would typically include a \"Masturbating Bear\" and a famous remote found Conan visit a historic, Civil War-era baseball league. That piece was one of O'Brien's personal favorites, later remarking, \"When I leave this earth, at the funeral, just show this, because this pretty much says who I'm all about.\"\n", "O'Brien's audience, largely young and male (a coveted demographic), grew steadily and the show began to best competitors in the ratings, which it would continue to do for 15 seasons. In the early days of the Internet, fans launched unofficial websites, compiling precise summaries of each episode. Even Tom Shales was a convert: he called the show \"one of the most amazing transformations in television history.\" Beginning in 1996, O'Brien and the \"Late Night\" writing team were nominated annually for the Emmy Award for Best Writing in a Comedy or Variety Series, winning the award for the first and only time in 2007. In 1997, 2000, 2002, 2003, and 2004, he and the \"Late Night\" writing staff won the Writers Guild Award for Best Writing in a Comedy/Variety Series. In 2001, he formed his own television production company, Conaco, which subsequently shared in the production credits for \"Late Night\".\n", ", \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\" had for eleven years consistently attracted an audience averaging about 2.5 million viewers. The apotheosis of the \"Late Night\" remotes centered on the realization, in 2006, that O'Brien bore a striking resemblance to Tarja Halonen, entering her second term as president of Finland. \"We took the show to Helsinki for five days,\" O'Brien recalled, \"where we were embraced like a national treasure.\"\n", "During the writers' strike in 2008, O'Brien staged a mock feud with Comedy Central's Jon Stewart (of \"The Daily Show\") and Stephen Colbert (of \"The Colbert Report\") over a dispute about which of the three were responsible for giving a \"bump\" to Mike Huckabee's campaign to become the Republican presidential nominee. This feud crossed over all three shows during the 2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike.\n", "On February 20, 2009, NBC aired the last episode of \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\". The show consisted of a compilation of previous \"Late Night\" clips and included a surprise appearance by former sidekick Andy Richter. Will Ferrell, John Mayer, and the White Stripes also appeared. O'Brien ended the episode by destroying the set with an axe, handing out the pieces of the set to the audience, and thanking a list of people who helped him get to that point in his career. Among those thanked were Lorne Michaels, David Letterman, Jay Leno, and O'Brien's wife and children.\n", "Section::::Career.:\"The Tonight Show\" (2009–2010).\n", "O'Brien hosted \"The Tonight Show\" for over seven months in 2009 and 2010. As part of a new contract negotiated with NBC in 2004, it was decided that O'Brien would take over \"The Tonight Show\" from Jay Leno in 2009. O'Brien was a guest on Jay Leno's final episode of \"The Tonight Show\". On June 1, 2009, Will Ferrell became Conan's first \"Tonight Show\" guest on the couch and Pearl Jam appeared as his first musical guest.\n", "Conan acquired the nickname \"Coco\" after its use in the first \"Twitter Tracker\" sketch during the second episode of his \"Tonight Show\" run. Guest Tom Hanks used the nickname during his subsequent interview, even getting the audience to chant it. In reaction to the moniker, Conan remarked to Hanks in jest, \"If that catches on, I'll sue you.\"\n", "During the taping of the Friday, September 25, 2009, episode of \"The Tonight Show\", O'Brien suffered from a mild concussion after he slipped and hit his head while running a race as part of a comedy sketch with guest Teri Hatcher. He was examined at a hospital and released the same day. A rerun was aired that night, but O'Brien returned to work the following Monday and poked fun at the incident.\n", "By January 2010, O'Brien's ratings for \"The Tonight Show\" were much lower than they had been when the show was hosted by Jay Leno. On January 7, 2010, NBC executive Jeff Zucker met with Jay Leno and Conan O'Brien to discuss how to move Leno out of prime time, where his ratings were lackluster, and back into late night. It was proposed that O'Brien would remain as host of \"The Tonight Show\", which would run at 12:05 am with Leno hosting a 30-minute show at 11:35 pm. Three days later, NBC Universal Television Entertainment chairman Jeff Gaspin confirmed that \"The Jay Leno Show\" would be moved to 11:35 pm following NBC's coverage of the 2010 Winter Olympics.\n", "Sources familiar with the situation told the \"New York Post\" that O'Brien was unhappy with NBC's plan. On January 12, O'Brien released this statement: \"I sincerely believe that delaying \"The Tonight Show\" into the next day to accommodate another comedy program will seriously damage what I consider to be the greatest franchise in the history of broadcasting. \"The Tonight Show\" at 12:05 simply isn't \"The Tonight Show.\"\" On January 21, 2010, it was announced that Conan had reached a deal with NBC that would see him exit \"The Tonight Show\" the next day. The deal also granted him $45 million, of which $12 million was designated for distribution to his staff, who had moved with Conan to Los Angeles from New York when he left \"Late Night\".\n", "The final \"Tonight Show\" with Conan aired January 22, 2010, and featured guests Tom Hanks, Steve Carell (who did an exit interview and shredded Conan's ID badge), Neil Young (singing \"Long May You Run\"), and Will Ferrell. For Ferrell's appearance, Conan played guitar with the band and Ferrell sang \"Free Bird\" while reprising his \"SNL\" cowbell. Ferrell's wife, Viveca Paulin, together with Ben Harper, Beck, and ZZ Top guitarist Billy Gibbons, also joined the band for this final performance.\n", "Jay Leno returned to \"The Tonight Show\" following NBC's coverage of the 2010 Winter Olympic Games. Under the $45 million deal with NBC, Conan was allowed to start working for another network as soon as September 2010. Conan's rumored next networks ranged from Fox to Comedy Central. Other networks reportedly interested in O'Brien included TNT, HBO, FX, Showtime, Revision3, and even the NBC Universal–owned USA Network.\n", "Section::::Career.:Television hiatus.\n", "On February 8, 2010, it was reported that O'Brien was attempting to sell his Central Park West penthouse in New York with an asking price of $35 million. He had purchased the apartment in 2007 for $10 million. Two years earlier, O'Brien had purchased a home in the Brentwood section of Los Angeles for over $10.5 million. Some industry insiders have speculated that O'Brien had chosen to stay on the west coast in order to facilitate a return to late night television and because he did not want to put his children through another move.\n", "O'Brien has been named to the 2010 Time 100, a list compiled by TIME of the 100 most influential people in the world as voted on by readers. After being prohibited from making television appearances of any kind until May, O'Brien spoke about the \"Tonight Show\" conflict on the CBS newsmagazine \"60 Minutes\" on May 2, 2010. During the interview with Steve Kroft, O'Brien said the situation felt \"like a marriage breaking up suddenly, violently, quickly. And I was just trying to figure out what happened.\" He also said he \"absolutely\" expected NBC to give him more of a chance and that, if in Jay Leno's position, he would not have come back to \"The Tonight Show\". However, Conan said he did not feel he got shafted. \"It's crucial to me that anyone seeing this, if they take anything away from this, it's I'm fine. I'm doing great,\" said O'Brien. \"I hope people still find me comedically absurd and ridiculous. And I don't regret anything.\"\n", "On March 11, 2010, O'Brien announced via his Twitter account that he would embark on a 30-city live tour beginning April 12, 2010, entitled \"The Legally Prohibited from Being Funny on Television Tour\". Co-host Andy Richter, along with members of the former Tonight Show Band, joined O'Brien on the tour. Max Weinberg, however, was not able to join, except for a guest appearance at one of Conan's New York City shows.\n", "On April 12, 2010, O'Brien opened his two-month comedy tour in Eugene, Oregon, with a crowd of 2,500 and no TV cameras. The tour traveled through America's Northwest and Canada before moving on to larger cities, including Los Angeles and New York City, where he performed on the campuses that house both of the NBC-owned studios he formerly occupied. The tour ended in Atlanta on June 14.\n", "Section::::Career.:\"Conan\" (2010–present).\n", "The day his live tour began, O'Brien announced that he would host a new show on cable station TBS. The show, named \"Conan\", debuted on November 8, 2010, and airs Monday through Thursday at 11:00 pm ET/10:00 pm CT. O'Brien's addition moved \"Lopez Tonight\" with George Lopez back one hour. Refusing at first to do to Lopez what had happened to him at NBC, O'Brien agreed to join the network after Lopez called to persuade him to come to TBS.\n", "In February 2015, following the onset of the Cuban Thaw, O'Brien became the first American television personality to film in Cuba for more than half a century. Conan O'Brien then visited Armenia. In April 2016, O'Brien visited South Korea in response to a fan letter urging him to visit, as well as a growing fan base online. His visit included a trip to the Korean Demilitarized Zone, which resulted in O'Brien and Steven Yeun to also visit North Korea on a technicality by stepping across the border line at the DMZ. Conan commented on the significance during the sketch, claiming, \"The idea that you and I could be in North Korea, talking and communicating freely, seems like kind of a cool message.\"\n", "TBS extended the show through 2018 in 2014 and through 2022 in 2017.\n", "In the fall of 2018, \"Conan\" took a hiatus while O'Brien launched another national comedy tour. The show returned January 22, 2019, in a new half-hour format without the live band.\n", "Section::::Career.:\"Conan O'Brien Needs a Friend\" (2018–present).\n", "In 2018, O'Brien's production company, TeamCoco, partnered with Earwolf to launch his own weekly podcast, \"Conan O'Brien Needs a Friend\". The podcast debuted November 18, 2018, with Will Ferrell as the first guest. The title of the podcast refers to the premise that O'Brien is lonely and is thus inviting people onto the show to see if they could be his actual friend. The podcast has received strong reviews and is the top podcast on iTunes.\n", "Section::::Career.:Television producer.\n", "O'Brien was executive producer and co-wrote the pilot of the 2007 NBC adventure/comedy series \"Andy Barker, P.I.\", starring O'Brien's sidekick Andy Richter. After six episodes and low ratings, the show was canceled despite being named one of the Top Ten Shows of 2007 by \"Entertainment Weekly\". Later, USA Network handed out a 90-minute, cast-contingent pilot order to the medical-themed \"Operating Instructions\" from O'Brien's production banner; O'Brien served as an executive producer through his Conaco label. In January 2010 NBC ordered two pilots from Conaco, the one-hour courtroom drama \"Outlaw\" and a half-hour comedy. \"Outlaw\" was produced in eight episodes and premiered on September 15, 2010.\n", "Section::::Career.:Voice work.\n", "O'Brien's first guest appearance after beginning his late-night career was playing himself in the season five \"Simpsons\" episode \"Bart Gets Famous\", interviewing Bart Simpson during his rise to fame as a catchphrase comedian. In 1999, O'Brien made an appearance on \"Futurama\" in the second-season episode \"Xmas Story\". O'Brien played himself as a head in a jar and still alive in the year 3000.\n", "O'Brien has made multiple voice appearances on the Adult Swim series \"Robot Chicken\", including the specials \"Robot Chicken: Star Wars\" and \"\".\n", "Other voice work performed by O'Brien has included the voice of Robert Todd Lincoln in the audiobook version of \"Assassination Vacation\" by Sarah Vowell, the voice of talk show host Dave Endochrine in the 2013 DC Universe animated original movie \"\", and the voice of the character Kuchikukan in the \"Operation: Lunacorn Apocalypse\" episode of Nickelodeon's \"The Penguins of Madagascar\".\n", "Section::::Career.:Guest appearances.\n", "On the TV show \"30 Rock\", O'Brien is depicted as an ex-boyfriend of lead character Liz Lemon, who works in the same building. In the episode \"Tracy Does Conan\", Conan appears as himself, awkwardly reunited with Lemon and coerced by network executive Jack Donaghy into having the character Tracy Jordan on \"Late Night\", despite having been assaulted in Jordan's previous appearance. O'Brien also made a cameo appearance on the U.S. version of \"The Office\". In the episode \"Valentine's Day\", Michael believes that he spots former \"SNL\" cast member, Tina Fey, but has actually mistaken another woman for her. In the meantime, Conan has a quick walk-on and the camera crew informs Michael, when he returns from talking to the Tina Fey lookalike. In 2011, he starred as himself in the web series \"Web Therapy\" (opposite Lisa Kudrow) for three episodes.\n", "Section::::Career.:Hosting duties.\n", "O'Brien has hosted several awards shows and television specials. O'Brien hosted the 54th Primetime Emmy Awards in 2002 and the 58th Primetime Emmy Awards in 2006, to critical acclaim. O'Brien also hosted the 2014 MTV Movie Awards.\n", "Since 2011, O'Brien has hosted the \"Christmas in Washington\" special for TBS' sister network, TNT, featuring celebrity performances and a special appearance by the Obama family.\n", "Conan has served as the master of ceremonies for the White House Correspondents' Association dinner in Washington, D.C. twice, in 1995 and 2013.\n", "In 2016, O'Brien hosted the 5th Annual NFL Honors in San Francisco, California. \n", "Section::::Influences.\n", "O'Brien lists among his comedic influences David Letterman, Peter Sellers, Sid Caesar, Warner Bros. Cartoons, Johnny Carson, Ernie Kovacs, Bob Hope, and Woody Allen. In turn, actors and comedians who claim O'Brien as an influence include Mindy Kaling, Pete Holmes, and James Corden.\n", "On \"Late Night,\" O'Brien became known for his active and spontaneous hosting style, which has been characterized as \"awkward, self-deprecating humor\".\n", "Section::::Personal life.\n", "O'Brien met Elizabeth Ann 'Liza' Powel in 2000, when she appeared on \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\" in an advertising skit involving Foote, Cone & Belding, where she worked as senior copywriter. The couple dated for nearly 18 months before their 2002 marriage in Powel's hometown of Seattle. O'Brien and Powel have a daughter, Neve (born 2003) and a son, Beckett (born 2005). \n", "O'Brien often affirms his Irish Catholic heritage on his show. On a 2009 episode of \"Inside the Actors Studio\", he stated that ancestors from both sides of his family moved to America from Ireland starting in the 1850s, subsequently marrying only other Irish Catholics, and that his lineage is thus 100% Irish Catholic.\n", "He has been a staunch Democrat since casting his first vote for President in 1984 for Walter Mondale. He considers himself a moderate on the political spectrum. O'Brien founded the anti-hunger organization \"Labels Are For Jars\" with his friend and former Harvard dormmate Father Paul B. O' Brien. He also helped open the \"Cor Unum\" meal center in 2006.\n", "In January 2008, after his show was put on hold for two months owing to the strike by the Writers Guild of America, he reemerged on late-night TV sporting a beard, which guest Tom Brokaw described as making him look like \"a draft dodger from the Civil War.\" After leaving \"The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien\" in 2010, O'Brien again grew a beard, which he kept until May 2011, when it was partially shaved on the set of \"Conan\" by Will Ferrell (and completely shaved off-screen by a professional barber).\n", "O'Brien purchased a $10.5-million mansion in Brentwood, Los Angeles, California, to prepare for his move there in 2009 from New York City to host \"The Tonight Show\" at Universal Studios Hollywood. As part of a long-running gag, he brought his 1992 Ford Taurus SHO with him to California, showcasing it on both the inaugural episodes of \"The Tonight Show\" and \"Conan\".\n", "On October 21, 2011, O'Brien was ordained as a minister by the Universal Life Church Monastery, allowing him to perform a same-sex marriage while back in New York, then one of the few states in the US where gay marriage was legal, to tape a week's worth of shows. The wedding, between a member of O'Brien's staff and his partner, was held on the stage of the Beacon Theatre on November 3, 2011, and broadcast on \"Conan\".\n", "Section::::Personal life.:Victim of stalking.\n", "Starting in September 2006, O'Brien was stalked by Father David Ajemian of the Archdiocese of Boston, who, despite multiple warnings to stop, sent O'Brien letters signed as \"your priest stalker\" and came into contact with O'Brien's parents. O'Brien and Ajemian had attended Harvard University at the same time. Frustrated that he had been denied a spot in the \"Late Night\" audience, Ajemian sent a letter to O'Brien stating that he flew to New York \"in the dimming hope that you might finally acknowledge me.\" He stated in another letter, \"Is this the way you treat your most dangerous fans??? You owe me big time, pal.\" In another letter, Ajemian seemed to make a death threat, saying, \"Remember Frank Costello once dodged a bullet in your building and so can you.\"\n", "Ajemian then tried to forcefully enter a taping of \"Late Night\" but was caught and arrested. He was previously warned by the NBC security team to stay away from the studio. After a psychological evaluation, he was deemed fit to stand trial. He was bailed out of jail. He was then reported missing by his father on November 10, 2007. He was found and underwent evaluation at a hospital. He was again found fit to stand trial on April 4, 2008. On April 8, Ajemian pleaded guilty to stalking, stating that he \"never meant to cause anxiety or to upset anyone.\" He was ordered to pay a $95 court charge and to sign a two-year restraining order barring him from coming near O'Brien. Ajemian was later defrocked.\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- I'm With Coco Facebook\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [ "Conan Christopher O'Brien" ] }, "description": "American television show host and comedian", "enwikiquote_title": "Conan O'Brien", "wikidata_id": "Q486740", "wikidata_label": "Conan O'Brien", "wikipedia_title": "Conan O'Brien" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Francesco Graziani\n", "Francesco \"Ciccio\" Graziani (; born 16 December 1952) is an Italian football manager and former football player who played as a forward.\n", "He began his career with Arezzo in 1970, and later joined Torino in 1973, where he remained until 1981, winning a Serie A title in 1976 and the Capocannoniere title as the Serie A top goalscorer in 1977; with 122 total goals scored for Torino, he is the seventh-highest scorer in the history of the Torinese club behind Valentino Mazzola (123). He subsequently moved to Fiorentina, where he narrowly missed out on the Serie A title in his first season, and later also played for Roma between 1983 and 1986, winning two Coppa Italia titles and reaching the 1984 European Cup Final. He later spent two seasons with Udinese, before ending his career with Australian club APIA Leichhardt in 1988.\n", "At international level, he won the 1982 FIFA World Cup with the Italian national team, and also managed fourth-place finishes at the 1978 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 1980. With 23 official goals, he is the ninth-highest all-time scorer for the Italian national team (tied with Christian Vieri).\n", "He is the father of Gabriele, who was also a professional footballer.\n", "Section::::Club career.\n", "Graziani was born in Subiaco, in the province of Rome. A prolific and physical striker, he started his footballing career in Bettini Quadraro before moving to Arezzo and then to Torino in 1973. Graziani played eight seasons for Torino, making his debut in Serie A on 18 November 1973 against Sampdoria and scoring his first goal in the top flight on 16 December of that same year against Bologna. In total, Graziani scored 122 goals in 289 games for Torino, divided as follows: 221 appearances (97 goals) in the league, 45 appearances (17 goals) in the Coppa Italia and 23 appearances (8 goals) in European competition. He won the \"Scudetto\" in 1975–76.\n", "During the next season, Graziani emerged as the top-scorer in Serie A with a tally of 21 goals.\n", "He formed, in those years, the famous pair nicknamed \"Gemelli del gol\" (\"Twins of Goal\") with his teammate Paolo Pulici.\n", "He helped Torino reach the Coppa Italia final in 1980, but was one of the players who failed to score his penalty in the resulting shoot-out defeat to Roma at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome.\n", "Graziani left Torino when, with his teammate Pecci, he transferred to Fiorentina for two seasons in 1981, missing the title by a single point in the 1981–82 season.\n", "In 1983, he was signed by Roma, with whom he won the Coppa Italia twice, in 1984 and 1986, and also reached the 1984 European Cup final, losing in a penalty shoot-out defeat to Liverpool at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome (Graziani himself missed a penalty in the shoot-out during the match).\n", "After two seasons with Udinese and a brief appearance in the Australian National Soccer League with APIA Leichhardt, Graziani abandoned his playing career in 1988. He totalled 353 appearances, with 130 goals, in the Italian Serie A.\n", "Section::::International career.\n", "Graziani was also an important international player for Italy: he represented the \"Azzurri\" at the 1978 FIFA World Cup, as a reserve behind Paolo Rossi, where they finished in fourth place, and subsequently at the 1980 European Championship on home soil, where he made four appearances, scoring once, as Italy finished in fourth place once again, after reaching the semi-final of the tournament. He made his international debut on 19 April 1975, in a 0–0 home draw in Rome against Poland, and scored his first goal for Italy on 7 April 1976, in a 3–1 home win against Portugal.\n", "Graziani also played a key role in Italy's victorious 1982 FIFA World Cup campaign: he scored one goal in the 1982 FIFA World Cup in a 1–1 draw against Cameroon, which proved to be decisive for the Azzurri's qualification to the knockout phase, who advanced on number of goals scored, at the expense of the African team; this was Graziani's final goal for Italy. Graziani appeared in all of Italy's matches as the nation went on to win the tournament for the third time in their history. In the final against West Germany, however, he was forced off in the seventh minute of play after sustaining an injury, and was replaced by Alessandro Altobelli; Italy won the match 3–1 to claim the title. Graziani's final official appearance for Italy came on 29 May 1983, in a 2–0 away defeat to Sweden in a UEFA Euro 1984 qualifying match.\n", "He returned to the national team for the 25th anniversary of the 1982 FIFA World Cup Final on 27 July 2007 in Stuttgart, scoring twice, with the final score of 4–4.\n", "With 23 goals in 64 caps between 1975 and 1983, he is ranked as the ninth-highest all-time scorer for his national team.\n", "Section::::Style of play.\n", "Nicknamed \"Ciccio\", Graziani was a prolific and versatile forward, known for his composure in front of goal, and was capable of playing as a main striker, in a creative midfield role, or even on the wing, due to his ability to play off of his teammates. Although in his youth he was not known for being particularly skilful, he showed great technical improvements throughout his career; these characteristics, along with his determination, work-rate, eye for goal, heading accuracy, ability in the air, and physical attributes, enabled him to excel as a centre-forward.\n", "Section::::Managerial career.\n", "Graziani coached a number of teams with little fortune: he managed his former club Fiorentina during the 1989–90 season, in which they narrowly avoided relegation but reached the 1990 UEFA Cup Final, and later coached Reggina in 1990, and Avellino in 1993. In the 2001–02 season, Graziani, who was the managing director of Catania in Serie C1, was successively appointed as manager, and led the Sicilian team to a historic promotion in Serie B.\n", "He then resigned as football coach after the ninth match of the next season, and in 2003–04 he coached Montevarchi of Serie C2 with little success, being fired before the end of the season.\n", "From 2004 to 2006, he coached Cervia, an amateur team of Emilia-Romagna from Eccellenza league which was subject of an Italian reality show, \"Campioni – Il Sogno\". He led the team to an immediate promotion to Serie D, being popular to the public because of his hot-blooded attitudes, especially during league matches. He later also worked for Mediaset as a football pundit.\n", "Section::::Honours.\n", "Section::::Honours.:Club.\n", "BULLET::::- Torino\n", "BULLET::::- Serie A: 1975–76\n", "BULLET::::- Coppa Italia: 1980 (Runner-up)\n", "BULLET::::- Fiorentina\n", "BULLET::::- Seria A: 1981–82 (Runner-up)\n", "BULLET::::- Roma\n", "BULLET::::- Coppa Italia: 1983–84, 1985–86\n", "BULLET::::- European Cup: 1983–84 (Runner-up)\n", "Section::::Honours.:International.\n", "BULLET::::- Italy\n", "BULLET::::- FIFA World Cup: 1982\n", "Section::::Honours.:Individual.\n", "BULLET::::- Serie A – Top scorer: 1976–77\n", "BULLET::::- Coppa Italia – Top scorer: 1980–81\n", "Section::::Honours.:Managerial.\n", "BULLET::::- Cervia\n", "BULLET::::- Eccellenza: 2004–05\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Goals and appearances in Serie A\n", "BULLET::::- L'eroe Francesco Graziani\n", "BULLET::::- Profile at FIGC.it\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "Italian footballer", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q355897", "wikidata_label": "Francesco Graziani", "wikipedia_title": "Francesco Graziani" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Licinius\n", "Licinius I (; ; c. 263 – 325) was a Roman emperor from 308 to 324. For most of his reign he was the colleague and rival of Constantine I, with whom he co-authored the Edict of Milan (AD 313) that granted official toleration to Christians in the Roman Empire. He was finally defeated at the Battle of Chrysopolis (AD 324), and was later executed on the orders of Constantine I.\n", "Section::::Early reign.\n", "Born to a Dacian peasant family in Moesia Superior, Licinius accompanied his close childhood friend, the future emperor Galerius, on the Persian expedition in 298. He was trusted enough by Galerius that in 307 he was sent as an envoy to Maxentius in Italy to attempt to reach some agreement about the latter's illegitimate political position. Galerius then trusted the eastern provinces to Licinius when he went to deal with Maxentius personally after the death of Flavius Valerius Severus.\n", "Upon his return to the east Galerius elevated Licinius to the rank of Augustus in the West on November 11, 308 his immediate command were the Balkan provinces of Illyricum, Thrace and Pannonia. In 310 he took command of the war against the Sarmatians, inflicting a severe defeat on them. On the death of Galerius in May 311, Licinius entered into an agreement with Maximinus II (Daia) to share the eastern provinces between them. By this point, not only was Licinius the official \"Augustus\" of the west but he also possessed part of the eastern provinces as well, as the Hellespont and the Bosporus became the dividing line, with Licinius taking the European provinces and Maximinus taking the Asian.\n", "An alliance between Maximinus and Maxentius forced the two remaining emperors to enter into a formal agreement with each other. So in March 313 Licinius married Flavia Julia Constantia, half-sister of Constantine I, at Mediolanum (now Milan); they had a son, Licinius the Younger, in 315. Their marriage was the occasion for the jointly-issued \"Edict of Milan\" that reissued Galerius' previous edict allowing Christianity (and any religion one might choose) to be professed in the Empire, with additional dispositions that restored confiscated properties to Christian congregations and exempted Christian clergy from municipal civic duties. The redaction of the edict as reproduced by Lactantius - who follows the text affixed by Licinius in Nicomedia on June 14 313, after Maximinus' defeat - uses neutral language, expressing a will to propitiate \"any Divinity whatsoever in the seat of the heavens\".\n", "Daia in the meantime decided to attack Licinius. Leaving Syria with 70,000 men, he reached Bithynia, although harsh weather he encountered along the way had gravely weakened his army. In April 313, he crossed the Bosporus and went to Byzantium, which was held by Licinius' troops. Undeterred, he took the town after an eleven-day siege. He moved to Heraclea, which he captured after a short siege, before moving his forces to the first posting station. With a much smaller body of men, possibly around 30,000, Licinius arrived at Adrianople while Daia was still besieging Heraclea. Before the decisive engagement, Licinius allegedly had a vision in which an angel recited him a generic prayer that could be adopted by all cults and which Licinius then repeated to his soldiers. On 30 April 313, the two armies clashed at the Battle of Tzirallum, and in the ensuing battle Daia's forces were crushed. Ridding himself of the imperial purple and dressing like a slave, Daia fled to Nicomedia. Believing he still had a chance to come out victorious, Daia attempted to stop the advance of Licinius at the Cilician Gates by establishing fortifications there. Unfortunately for Daia, Licinius' army succeeded in breaking through, forcing Daia to retreat to Tarsus where Licinius continued to press him on land and sea. The war between them only ended with Daia’s death in August 313.\n", "Given that Constantine had already crushed his rival Maxentius in 312, the two men decided to divide the Roman world between them. As a result of this settlement, Licinius became sole Augustus in the East, while his brother-in-law, Constantine, was supreme in the West. Licinius immediately rushed to the east to deal with another threat, this time from the Persian Sassanids.\n", "Section::::Conflict with Constantine I.\n", "In 314, a civil war erupted between Licinius and Constantine, in which Constantine used the pretext that Licinius was harbouring Senecio, whom Constantine accused of plotting to overthrow him. Constantine prevailed at the Battle of Cibalae in Pannonia (October 8, 314). Although the situation was temporarily settled, with both men sharing the consulship in 315, it was but a lull in the storm. The next year a new war erupted, when Licinius named Valerius Valens co-emperor, only for Licinius to suffer a humiliating defeat on the plain of Mardia (also known as Campus Ardiensis) in Thrace. The emperors were reconciled after these two battles and Licinius had his co-emperor Valens killed.\n", "Over the next ten years, the two imperial colleagues maintained an uneasy truce. Licinius kept himself busy with a campaign against the Sarmatians in 318, but temperatures rose again in 321 when Constantine pursued some Sarmatians, who had been ravaging some territory in his realm, across the Danube into what was technically Licinius’s territory. When he repeated this with another invasion, this time by the Goths who were pillaging Thrace under their leader Rausimod, Licinius complained that Constantine had broken the treaty between them.\n", "Constantine wasted no time going on the offensive. Licinius's fleet of 350 ships was defeated by Constantine's fleet in 323. Then in 324, Constantine, tempted by the \"advanced age and unpopular vices\" of his colleague, again declared war against him and having defeated his army of 165,000 men at the Battle of Adrianople (July 3, 324), succeeded in shutting him up within the walls of Byzantium. The defeat of the superior fleet of Licinius in the Battle of the Hellespont by Crispus, Constantine’s eldest son and Caesar, compelled his withdrawal to Bithynia, where a last stand was made; the Battle of Chrysopolis, near Chalcedon (September 18), resulted in Licinius' final submission. In this conflict Licinius was supported by the Gothic prince Alica. Due to the intervention of Flavia Julia Constantia, Constantine's sister and also Licinius' wife, both Licinius and his co-emperor Martinian were initially spared, Licinius being imprisoned in Thessalonica, Martinian in Cappadocia; however, both former emperors were subsequently executed. After his defeat, Licinius attempted to regain power with Gothic support, but his plans were exposed, and he was sentenced to death. While attempting to flee to the Goths, Licinius was apprehended at Thessalonica. Constantine had him hanged, accusing him of conspiring to raise troops among the barbarians.\n", "Section::::Character and legacy.\n", "After defeating Daia, he had put to death Flavius Severianus, the son of the emperor Severus, as well as Candidianus, the son of Galerius. He also ordered the execution of the wife and daughter of the Emperor Diocletian, who had fled from the court of Licinius before being discovered at Thessalonica.\n", "As part of Constantine’s attempts to decrease Licinius’s popularity, he actively portrayed his brother-in-law as a pagan supporter. This was not the case; contemporary evidence tends to suggest that he was at least a committed supporter of Christians. He co-authored the Edict of Milan which ended the Great Persecution, and re-affirmed the rights of Christians in his half of the empire. He also added the Christian symbol to his armies, and attempted to regulate the affairs of the Church hierarchy just as Constantine and his successors were to do. His wife was a devout Christian. It is even a possibility that he converted. However, Eusebius of Caesarea, writing under the rule of Constantine, charges him with expelling Christians from the Palace and ordering military sacrifice, as well as interfering with the Church's internal procedures and organization. \n", "Finally, on Licinius’s death, his memory was branded with infamy; his statues were thrown down; and by edict, all his laws and judicial proceedings during his reign were abolished.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- Civil wars of the Tetrarchy\n", "BULLET::::- Licinia (gens)\n", "Section::::References and sources.\n", "Section::::References and sources.:Sources.\n", "BULLET::::- Grant, Michael (1993), \"The Emperor Constantine\", London.\n", "BULLET::::- Pears, Edwin. “The Campaign against Paganism A.D. 324.” \"The English Historical Review\", Vol. 24, No. 93 (January 1909): 1–17.\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- De Imperatoribus Romanis: Licinius\n", "BULLET::::- Socrates Scholasticus account of Licinius' end\n", "BULLET::::- Roman and Greek Coins\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "Roman emperor", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q184549", "wikidata_label": "Licinius", "wikipedia_title": "Licinius" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Valentinian II\n", "Valentinian II (; 37115 May 392), was Roman Emperor from AD 375 to 392.\n", "Section::::Early life and accession (371–375).\n", "Flavius Valentinianus was born to Emperor Valentinian I and his second wife, Justina. He was the half-brother of Valentinian's other son, Gratian, who had shared the imperial title with his father since 367. He had three sisters: Galla, Grata and Justa. The elder Valentinian died on campaign in Pannonia in 375. Neither Gratian (then in Trier) nor his uncle Valens (emperor for the East) were consulted by the army commanders on the scene. Instead of merely acknowledging Gratian as his father's successor, Valentinian I's generals acclaimed the four-year-old Valentinian \"augustus\" on 22 November 375. The army, and its Frankish general Merobaudes, may have been uneasy about Gratian's lack of military ability, and so raised a boy who would not immediately aspire to military command.\n", "Section::::Reign from Milan (375–387).\n", "Gratian, forced to accommodate the generals who supported his half-brother, governed the trans-alpine provinces (including Gaul, Hispania, and Britain), while Italy, part of Illyricum, and North Africa were under the rule of Valentinian. In 378, their uncle, the Emperor Valens, was killed in battle with the Goths at Adrianople, and Gratian invited the general Theodosius to be emperor in the East. As a child, Valentinian II was under the influence of his Arian mother, the Empress Justina, and the imperial court at Milan, an influence contested by the Nicene bishop of Milan, Ambrose.\n", "Justina used her influence over her young son to oppose the Nicean party which was championed by Ambrose. In 385 Ambrose refused an imperial request to hand over the Portian basilica for the celebration of Easter by the Imperial court. When he was summoned to be punished to the Imperial palace, the orthodox populace rioted, and Justina's Gothic troops were prevented by the arch-bishop himself, standing in the doorway, from entering the Basilica. Justina was forced to back down. Afterwards, Justina ordered legislation to rescind the penalties enacted by Gratian and Valentinian against heresy, proclaiming universal toleration. When Ambrose was found, as no doubt she had intended, to have determinedly infracted the new laws, Justina again tried to have him banished, and Ambrose was forced to barricade himself, with the enthusiastic backing of the people, within the walls of the Basilica. The Imperial troops besieged him, but Ambrose held on, reinforcing the resolution of his followers by allegedly unearthing, beneath the foundations of the church, the bodies of two ancient martyrs. Theodosius, the orthodox emperor of the east, interceded, forcing Justina to again relent. Magnus Maximus was to use the emperor's heterodoxy against him. Valentinian also tried to restrain the despoiling of pagan temples in Rome. Buoyed by this instruction, the pagan senators, led by Aurelius Symmachus, the Prefect of Rome, petitioned in 384 for the restoration of the Altar of Victory in the Senate House, which had been removed by Gratian in 382. Valentinian, at the insistence of Ambrose, refused the request and, in so doing, rejected the traditions and rituals of pagan Rome to which Symmachus had appealed.\n", "In 383, Magnus Maximus, commander of the armies in Britain, declared himself Emperor and established himself in Gaul and Hispania. Gratian died while fleeing him. For a time the court of Valentinian, through the mediation of Ambrose, came to an accommodation with the usurper, and Theodosius recognized Maximus as co-emperor of the West. In 386 or 387, Maximus crossed the Alps into the Po valley and threatened Milan. Valentinian II and Justina fled to Theodosius in Thessalonica. The latter came to an agreement, cemented by his marriage to Valentinian's sister Galla, to restore the young emperor in the West. In 388, Theodosius marched west and defeated Maximus. Although he was to appoint both of his sons emperor (Arcadius in 383, Honorius in 393), Theodosius remained loyal to the dynasty of Valentinian I.\n", "Section::::Reign from Vienne (388–392).\n", "After the defeat of Maximus, Theodosius remained in Milan until 391. Valentinian took no part in Theodosius's triumphal celebrations over Maximus. Valentinian and his court were installed at Vienne in Gaul, while Theodosius appointed key administrators in the West and had coins minted, which implied his guardianship over the 17-year-old. Justina had already died, and Vienne was far away from the influence of Ambrose. Theodosius's trusted general, the Frank Arbogast, was appointed magister militum for the Western provinces (bar Africa) and guardian of Valentinian. Acting in the name of Valentinian, Arbogast was actually subordinate only to Theodosius. While the general campaigned successfully on the Rhine, the young emperor remained at Vienne, in contrast to his warrior father and his older brother, who had campaigned at his age. Arbogast's domination over the emperor was considerable, and the general even murdered Harmonius, a friend of Valentinian suspected of taking bribes, in the emperor's presence.\n", "The crisis reached a peak when Arbogast prohibited the emperor from leading the Gallic armies into Italy to oppose a barbarian threat. Valentinian, in response, formally dismissed Arbogast. The latter ignored the order, publicly tearing it up and arguing that Valentinian had not appointed him in the first place. The reality of where the power lay was openly displayed. Valentinian wrote to Theodosius and Ambrose complaining of his subordination to his general. In explicit rejection of his earlier Arianism, he invited Ambrose to come to Vienne to baptize him.\n", "On 15 May 392, Valentinian was found hanged in his residence in Vienne. Arbogast maintained that the emperor's death was suicide. Most sources agree, however, that Arbogast murdered him with his own hands, or paid the Praetorians. Zosimus writing in the early sixth century from Constantinople, states that Arbogast had Valentinian murdered; ancient authorities being divided in their opinion. Ambrose's eulogy is the only contemporary Western source for Valentinian's death. It is ambiguous on the question of the emperor's death, which is not surprising, as Ambrose represents him as a model of Christian virtue. Suicide, not murder, would make the bishop dissemble on this key question.\n", "The young man's body was conveyed in ceremony to Milan for burial by Ambrose, mourned by his sisters Justa and Grata. He was laid in a porphyry sarcophagus next to his brother Gratian, most probably in the Chapel of Sant'Aquilino attached to San Lorenzo.\n", "At first Arbogast recognized Theodosius's son Arcadius as emperor in the West, seemingly surprised by his charge's death. After three months, during which he had no communication from Theodosius, Arbogast selected an imperial official, Eugenius, as emperor. Theodosius initially tolerated this regime but, in January 393, elevated the eight-year-old Honorius as \"augustus\" to succeed Valentinian II. Civil war ensued and, in 394, Theodosius defeated Eugenius and Arbogast at the Battle of Frigidus River.\n", "Section::::Significance.\n", "Valentinian himself seems to have exercised no real authority, and was a figurehead for various powerful interests: his mother, his co-emperors, and powerful generals. Since the Crisis of the Third Century the empire had been ruled by powerful generals, a situation formalised by Diocletian and his collegiate system which collapsed a year after his death in 305. While Constantine I and his sons while strong military figures re-established the practice of hereditary succession adopted by Valentinian I. The obvious flaw in these two competing requirements came in the reign of Valentinian II, a child. His reign was a harbinger of the fifth century, when children or nonentities, reigning as emperors, were controlled by powerful generals and officials in the West and in the East until mid-century.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- List of unsolved deaths\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- . This list of Roman laws of the fourth century shows laws passed by Valentinian II relating to Christianity.\n", "BULLET::::- .\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [ "Flavius Valentinianus Iunior", "Valentinianus II" ] }, "description": "Roman Emperor", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q46846", "wikidata_label": "Valentinian II", "wikipedia_title": "Valentinian II" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Hoyt Wilhelm\n", "James Hoyt Wilhelm (July 26, 1922 – August 23, 2002), nicknamed \"Old Sarge\", was an American Major League Baseball pitcher with the New York Giants, St. Louis Cardinals, Cleveland Indians, Baltimore Orioles, Chicago White Sox, California Angels, Atlanta Braves, Chicago Cubs, and Los Angeles Dodgers between 1952 and 1972. Wilhelm was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1985, and is one of 83 pitchers enshrined in the Hall.\n", "Wilhelm grew up in North Carolina, fought in World War II, and then spent several years in the minor leagues before starting his major league career at the age of 29. He was best known for his knuckleball, which enabled him to have great longevity. He appeared occasionally as a starting pitcher, but pitched mainly as a reliever. Wilhelm won 124 games in relief, which is still the major league record. He was the first pitcher to reach 200 saves, and the first to appear in 1,000 games.\n", "Wilhelm was nearly 30 years old when he entered the major leagues, and pitched until he was nearly 50. He retired with one of the lowest career earned run averages, 2.52, in baseball history. After retiring as a player in 1972 Wilhelm held longtime coaching jobs with the New York Yankees and Atlanta Braves. He lived in Sarasota, Florida for many years, and died there in 2002.\n", "Section::::Early life.\n", "Wilhelm was born in 1922, long thought to have been 1923. He was one of eleven children born to poor tenant farmers John and Ethel (née Stanley) Wilhelm in Huntersville, North Carolina. He played baseball at Cornelius High School in Cornelius, North Carolina. Knowing he could not throw fast, he began experimenting with a knuckleball after reading about pitcher Dutch Leonard. He practiced honing it with a tennis ball, hoping it was his best shot at Big League success.\n", "Wilhelm made his professional debut with the Mooresville Moors of the Class-D North Carolina State League in 1942. He served in the United States Army in the European Theater during World War II. Wilhelm participated in the Battle of the Bulge, where he was wounded, earning the Purple Heart for his actions. He played his entire career with a piece of shrapnel lodged in his back as a result of this injury. He rose to the rank of staff sergeant. Wilhem was nicknamed \"Old Sarge\" because of his service in the military.\n", "He returned to the Moors in 1946, following his military service. Over the 1946 and 1947 seasons, Wilhelm earned 41 wins with Mooresville. He later recalled being dropped from a Class D minor league team and having the manager tell him to forget about the knuckleball, but he persisted with it. The Boston Braves purchased Wilhelm from Mooresville in 1947. On November 20, 1947, Wilhelm was drafted by the New York Giants from the Braves in the 1947 minor league draft.\n", "Wilhelm's first assignment in the Giants organization was in Class B with the 1948 Knoxville Smokies, for whom he registered 13 wins and 9 losses. He spent a few games that season with the Class A Jacksonville Tars of the South Atlantic League. Wilhelm returned to Jacksonville in 1949, earning a 17–12 win-loss record and a 2.66 earned run average (ERA). With the Class AAA Minneapolis Millers in 1950, Wilhelm was the starting pitcher in 25 of his 35 games pitched, registering a 15–11 record with a 4.95 ERA. His ERA came down to 3.94 in 1951 with Minneapolis, but his record finished at 11–14. Wilhelm had been used in a similar role that season, mostly starting games but also making eleven relief appearances.\n", "Section::::Major league career.\n", "Section::::Major league career.:Early years.\n", "Though Wilhelm was primarily a starting pitcher in the minor leagues, he had been called up to a Giants team whose strong starting pitchers had led them to a National League (NL) pennant the year before. Giants manager Leo Durocher did not think that Wilhelm's knuckleball approach would be effective for more than a few innings at a time. He assigned Wilhelm to the team's bullpen.\n", "Wilhelm made his MLB debut with the Giants on April 18, 1952 at age 29, giving up a hit and two walks while only recording one out. On April 23, 1952, in his third game with the New York Giants, Wilhelm batted for the first time in the majors. Facing rookie Dick Hoover of the Boston Braves, Wilhelm hit a home run over the short right-field fence at the Polo Grounds. Although he went to bat a total of 432 times in his career, he never hit another home run.\n", "Pitching exclusively in relief, Wilhelm led the NL with a 2.43 ERA in his rookie year. He won 15 games and lost three. Wilhelm finished in the top ten in Most Valuable Player Award voting that season, becoming the first relief pitcher to finish that high. He finished second in the Rookie of the Year Award voting. Wilhelm made 69 relief appearances in 1953, his win-loss record decreased to 7–8 and he issued 77 walks against 71 strikeouts. Wilhelm was named to the NL All-Star team that year, but he did not play in the game because team manager Charlie Dressen did not think that any of the catchers could handle his knuckleball. The Giants renewed Wilhelm's contract in February 1954.\n", "In 1954, Wilhelm was a key piece of the pitching staff that led the 1954 Giants to a world championship. He pitched 111 innings, finishing with a 12–4 record and a 2.10 ERA. During one of Wilhelm's appearances that season, catcher Ray Katt committed four passed balls in one inning to set the major league record; the record has subsequently been tied twice. When Stan Musial set a record by hitting five home runs in a doubleheader that year, Wilhelm was pitching in the second game and gave up two of the home runs. The 1954 World Series represented Wilhelm's only career postseason play. He pitched innings over two games, earning a save in the third game. The team won the World Series in a four-game sweep.\n", "Wilhelm's ERA increased to 3.93 over 59 games and 103 innings pitched in 1955, but he managed a 4–1 record. He finished the 1956 season with a 4–9 record and a 3.83 ERA in innings. Sportswriter Bob Driscoll later attributed Wilhelm's difficulties in the mid-1950s to the decline in the career of Giants catcher Wes Westrum, writing that baseball was \"a game of inches, and for Hoyt, Wes had been that inch in the right direction.\"\n", "Section::::Major league career.:Middle career.\n", "On February 26, 1957, Wilhelm was traded by the Giants to the St. Louis Cardinals for Whitey Lockman. At the time of the trade, St. Louis manager Fred Hutchinson described Wilhelm as the type of pitcher who \"makes us a definite pennant threat ... He'll help us where we need help the most.\" In 40 games with the Cardinals that season, he earned 11 saves but finished with a 1–4 record and his highest ERA to that point in his career (4.25). The Cardinals placed him on waivers in September and he was claimed by the Cleveland Indians, who used him in two games that year.\n", "In 1958, Cleveland manager Bobby Bragan used Wilhelm occasionally as a starter. Although he had a 2.49 ERA, none of the Indians' catchers could handle Wilhelm's knuckleball. General manager Frank Lane, alarmed at the large number of passed balls, allowed the Baltimore Orioles to select Wilhelm off waivers on August 23, 1958. In Baltimore, Wilhelm lived near the home of third baseman Brooks Robinson and their families became close friends. On September 20 of that year, Wilhelm no-hit the eventual World Champion New York Yankees 1-0 at Memorial Stadium, in only his ninth career start. He allowed two baserunners on walks and struck out eight. The no-hitter had been threatened at one point in the ninth inning when Hank Bauer bunted along the baseline, but Robinson allowed the ball to roll and it veered foul. The no-hitter was the first in the franchise's Baltimore history; the Orioles had moved from St. Louis after the 1953 season.\n", "Orioles catchers had difficulty catching the Wilhelm knuckleball again in 1959 and they set an MLB record with 49 passed balls. During one April game, catcher Gus Triandos had four passed balls while catching for Wilhelm and he described the game as \"the roughest day I ever put in during my life.\" Author Bill James has written that Wilhelm and Triandos \"established the principle that a knuckleball pitcher and a big, slow catcher make an awful combination.\" Triandos once said, \"Heaven is a place where no one throws a knuckleball.\"\n", "Despite the passed balls, Wilhelm won the American League ERA title with a 2.19 ERA. During the 1960 season, Orioles manager Paul Richards devised a larger mitt so his catchers could handle the knuckleball. Richards was well equipped with starting pitchers during that year. By the middle of the season, he said that eight of his pitchers could serve as starters. Wilhelm started 11 of the 41 games in which he appeared. He earned an 11–8 record, a 3.31 ERA and seven saves. He only started one game the following year, but he was an All-Star, registered 18 saves and had a 2.30 ERA.\n", "In 1962, Wilhelm had his fourth All-Star season, finishing with a 7–10 record, a 1.94 ERA and 15 saves. On January 14, 1963, Wilhelm was traded by the Orioles with Ron Hansen, Dave Nicholson and Pete Ward to the Chicago White Sox for Luis Aparicio and Al Smith. Early in that season, White Sox manager Al López said that Wilhelm had improved his pitching staff by 40 percent. He said that Wilhelm was \"worth more than a 20-game winner, and he works with so little effort that he probably can last as long as Satchel Paige.\" He registered 21 saves and a 2.64 ERA.\n", "In 1964, Wilhelm finished with career highs in both saves (27) and games pitched (73). His ERA decreased to 1.99 that season; it remained less than 2.00 through the 1968 season. In 1965, Wilhelm contributed to another passed balls record when Chicago catcher J. C. Martin allowed 33 of them in one season. That total set a modern single-season baseball record for the category. Wilhelm's career-low ERA (1.31) came in 1967, when he earned an 8–3 record for the White Sox with 12 saves.\n", "In the 1968 season, Wilhelm was getting close to breaking the all-time games pitched record belonging to Cy Young (906 games). Chicago manager Eddie Stanky began to think about using Wilhelm as a starting pitcher for game number 907. However, the White Sox fired Stanky before the record came up. Wilhelm later broke the record as a relief pitcher. He also set MLB records for consecutive errorless games by a pitcher, career victories in relief, games finished and innings pitched in relief. Despite Wilhelm's success, the White Sox, who had won at least 83 games per season in the 1960s, performed poorly. They finished 1968 with a 67–95 record.\n", "Wilhelm was noted during this period for his mentoring of relief pitcher Wilbur Wood, who came to the 1967 White Sox in a trade. Wood sometimes threw a knuckleball upon his arrival in Chicago, but Wilhelm encouraged him to throw it full-time. By 1968, Wood won 13 games, saved 16 games and earned a 1.87 ERA. He credited Wilhelm with helping him to master the knuckleball, as the White Sox coaches did not know much about how to throw it. Between 1968 and 1970, Wood pitched in more games (241) than any other pitcher and more innings () than any other relief pitcher.\n", "After the 1968 season, MLB expanded and an expansion draft was conducted in which the new teams could select certain players from the established teams. The White Sox left Wilhelm unprotected, possibly because they did not believe that teams would have interest in a much older pitcher. On October 15, 1968, Wilhelm was chosen in the expansion draft by the Kansas City Royals as the 49th pick. That offseason, he was traded by the Royals to the California Angels for Ed Kirkpatrick and Dennis Paepke.\n", "Section::::Major league career.:Later career.\n", "Wilhelm pitched 44 games for the 1969 California Angels and had a 2.47 ERA, ten saves, and a 5–7 record. On September 8, 1969, Wilhelm and Bob Priddy were traded to the Atlanta Braves for Clint Compton and Mickey Rivers. He finished the 1969 season by pitching in eight games for the Braves, earning four saves and recording a 0.73 ERA over  innings pitched. Wilhelm then spent most of the 1970 season with the Braves, pitching in 50 games for the team and earning ten saves.\n", "On September 21, 1970, Wilhelm was selected off waivers by the Chicago Cubs, for whom he appeared in three games. He was traded back to the Braves for Hal Breeden after the season. As the Cubs had acquired Wilhelm late in the season to bolster their playoff contention, the trade back to the Braves was a source of controversy. Commissioner Bowie Kuhn investigated the transaction, and in December ruled that he did not find evidence of impropriety associated with the transactions that sent Wilhelm to the Cubs and quickly back to the Braves.\n", "Wilhelm was released by the Braves on June 29, 1971, having pitched in three games for that year's Braves. He signed with the Los Angeles Dodgers on July 10, 1971, and appeared in nine games for the Dodgers, giving up two earned runs in innings. He also pitched in eight games that season for the team's Class AAA minor league affiliate, the Spokane Indians. Wilhelm started six of those games and registered a 3.89 ERA.\n", "Wilhelm pitched in 16 games for the Dodgers in 1972, registering a 4.62 ERA over 25 innings. The Dodgers released him on July 21, 1972. He never appeared in another game.\n", "At the time of his retirement, Wilhelm had pitched in a then major league record 1,070 games. He is recognized as the first pitcher to have saved 200 games in his career, and the first pitcher to appear in 1,000 games. Wilhelm is one of the oldest players to have pitched in the major leagues; his final appearance was 16 days short of his 50th birthday.\n", "Wilhelm retired with the lowest career earned run average of any major league hurler after 1927 (Walter Johnson) who had pitched more than 2,000 innings.\n", "Section::::Later life.\n", "After his retirement as a player, Wilhelm managed two minor league teams in the Atlanta Braves system for single seasons. He led the 1973 Greenwood Braves of the Western Carolinas League to a 61–66 record, then had a 33–33 record with the 1975 Kingsport Braves of the Appalachian League. He also worked as a minor league pitching coach for the New York Yankees for 22 years. As a coach, Wilhelm said that he did not teach pitchers the knuckleball, believing that people had to be born with a knack for throwing it. He sometimes worked individually with major league players who wanted to improve their knuckleballs, including Joe Niekro. The Yankees gave Wilhelm permission to work with Mickey Lolich in 1979 even though Lolich pitched for the San Diego Padres.\n", "Wilhelm was on the ballot for the Baseball Hall of Fame for eight years before he was elected. After Wilhelm failed to garner enough votes for induction in 1983, sportswriter Jim Murray criticized the voters, saying that while Wilhelm never had the look of a baseball player, he was \"the best player in history at what he does.\" He fell short by 13 votes in 1984. Wilhelm was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1985. At his induction ceremony, he said that he had achieved all three of his initial major league goals: appearing in a World Series, being named to an All-Star team, and throwing a no-hitter.\n", "He and his wife Peggy lived in Sarasota, Florida. They raised three children together: Patti, Pam, and Jim. Wilhelm died of heart failure in a Sarasota nursing home in 2002.\n", "Section::::Legacy.\n", "Wilhelm was known as a \"relief ace\", and his teams used him in a new way that became a trend. Rather than bringing in a relief pitcher only when the starting pitcher had begun to struggle, teams increasingly called upon their relief pitchers toward the end of any close game. Wilhelm was the first relief pitcher elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame.\n", "He is also remembered as one of the most successful and \"probably the most famous 'old' player in history.\" Although, due largely to his military service, Wilhelm did not debut in the major leagues until he was already 29 years old, he nonetheless managed to appear in 21 major league seasons. He earned the nickname \"Old Folks\" while he still had more than a decade left in his playing career. He was the oldest player in Major League Baseball for each of his final seven seasons.\n", "Former teammate Moose Skowron commented on Wilhelm's key pitch, saying, \"Hoyt was a good guy, and he threw the best knuckleball I ever saw. You never knew what Hoyt's pitch would do. I don't think he did either.\" Baseball executive Roland Hemond agreed, saying, \"Wilhelm's knuckleball did more than anyone else's ... There was so much action on it.\"\n", "Before Wilhelm, the knuckleball was primarily mixed in to older pitchers' repertoires at the end of their careers to offset their slowing fastballs and to reduce stress on their arms, thereby extending their careers. Wilhelm broke with tradition when he began throwing the pitch as a teenager and threw it nearly every pitch. \"The New York Times\" linked his knuckleball with that of modern pitcher R.A. Dickey, as Wilhelm taught pitcher Charlie Hough the knuckleball in 1971, and Hough taught it to Dickey while coaching with the Texas Rangers.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- List of knuckleball pitchers\n", "BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball all-time saves leaders\n", "BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball annual ERA leaders\n", "BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball no-hitters\n", "BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball leaders in games finished\n", "BULLET::::- List of players with a home run in first major league at-bat\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Baseball Library\n", "BULLET::::- Hoyt Wilhelm Oral History Interview (1 of 2) - National Baseball Hall of Fame Digital Collection\n", "BULLET::::- Hoyt Wilhelm Oral History Interview (2 of 2) - National Baseball Hall of Fame Digital Collection\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "J. Presper Eckert\n", "John Adam Presper \"Pres\" Eckert Jr. (April 9, 1919 – June 3, 1995) was an American electrical engineer and computer pioneer. With John Mauchly, he designed the first general-purpose electronic digital computer (ENIAC), presented the first course in computing topics (the Moore School Lectures), founded the Eckert–Mauchly Computer Corporation, and designed the first commercial computer in the U.S., the UNIVAC, which incorporated Eckert's invention of the mercury delay line memory.\n", "Section::::Education.\n", "Eckert was born in Philadelphia to wealthy real estate developer John Eckert, and was raised in a large house in Philadelphia's Germantown section. During elementary school, he was driven by chauffeur to William Penn Charter School, and in high school joined the Engineer's Club of Philadelphia and spent afternoons at the electronics laboratory of television inventor Philo Farnsworth in Chestnut Hill. He placed second in the country on the math portion of the College Board examination.\n", "Eckert initially enrolled in the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School to study business at the encouragement of his parents, but in 1937 transferred to Penn's Moore School of Electrical Engineering. In 1940, at age 21, Eckert applied for his first patent, \"Light Modulating Method and Apparatus\". At the Moore School, Eckert participated in research on radar timing, made improvements to the speed and precision of the Moore School's differential analyzer, and in 1941 assisted in teaching a summer course in electronics under the Engineering, Science, and Management War Training (ESMWT) offered through the Moore School by the United States Department of War.\n", "Section::::Development of ENIAC.\n", "Dr. John Mauchly, then chairman of the physics department of nearby Ursinus College, was a student in the summer electronics course, and the following fall secured a teaching position at the Moore School. Mauchly's proposal for building an electronic digital computer using vacuum tubes, many times faster and more accurate than the Differential analyzer for computing ballistics tables for artillery, caught the interest of the Moore School's Army liaison, Lieutenant Herman Goldstine, and on April 9, 1943, was formally presented in a meeting at Aberdeen Proving Ground to director Colonel Leslie Simon, Oswald Veblen, and others. A contract was awarded for Moore School's construction of the proposed computing machine, which would be named ENIAC, and Eckert was made the project's chief engineer. ENIAC was completed in late 1945 and was unveiled to the public in February 1946.\n", "Section::::Entrepreneurship.\n", "Both Eckert and Mauchly left the Moore School in March 1946 over a dispute involving assignment of claims on intellectual property developed at the University. In that year, the University of Pennsylvania adopted a new patent policy to protect the intellectual purity of the research it sponsored, which would have required Eckert and Mauchly to assign all their patents to the University had they stayed beyond March.\n", "Eckert and Mauchly's agreement with the University of Pennsylvania was that Eckert and Mauchly retained the patent rights to the ENIAC but the University could license it to the government and non-profit organizations. The University wanted to change the agreement so that they would also have commercial rights to the patent. \n", "In the following months, Eckert and Mauchly started up the Electronic Control Company which built the Binary Automatic Computer (BINAC). One of the major advances of this machine, which was used from August 1950, was that data was stored on magnetic tape. The Electronic Control Company soon became the Eckert–Mauchly Computer Corporation, and it received an order from the National Bureau of Standards to build the Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC). He was awarded the Howard N. Potts Medal in 1949. In 1950, Eckert–Mauchly Computer Corporation ran into financial troubles and was acquired by Remington Rand Corporation. The UNIVAC I was finished on December 21, 1950.\n", "In 1968, \"For pioneering and continuing contributions in creating, developing, and improving the high-speed electronic digital computer\", he was awarded the National Medal of Science.\n", "Section::::Later career.\n", "Eckert remained with Remington Rand and became an executive within the company. He continued with Remington Rand as it merged with the Burroughs Corporation to become Unisys in 1986. In 1989, Eckert retired from Unisys but continued to act as a consultant for the company. He died of leukemia in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania.\n", "In 2002, he was inducted, posthumously, into the National Inventors Hall of Fame.\n", "Section::::\"Eckert architecture\".\n", "Eckert believed that the widely adopted term \"von Neumann architecture\" should properly be known as the \"Eckert architecture\", since the stored-program concept central to the von Neumann architecture had already been developed at the Moore School by the time von Neumann arrived on the scene in 1944–1945. Eckert's contention that von Neumann improperly took credit for devising the stored program computer architecture was supported by Jean Bartik, one of the original ENIAC programmers. Many others in the field, however, believe that the concept of a stored program predates both of these men, going as far back as Charles Babbage and others.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- List of pioneers in computer science\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Oral history interview with J. Presper Eckert, Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota. Eckert, a co-inventor of the ENIAC, discusses its development at the University of Pennsylvania's Moore School of Electrical Engineering; describes difficulties in securing patent rights for the ENIAC and the problems posed by the circulation of John von Neumann's 1945 First Draft of the Report on EDVAC, which placed the ENIAC inventions in the public domain. Interview by Nancy Stern, October 28, 1977.\n", "BULLET::::- Oral history interview with Carl Chambers, Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota. Describes the interactions among the ENIAC staff, and focuses on the personalities and working relationships of Mauchly and Eckert.\n", "BULLET::::- A Tribute to Dr. J. Presper Eckert Co-Inventor of ENIAC. 2000 Daniel F. McGrath Jr.\n", "BULLET::::- ENIAC museum at the University of Pennsylvania\n", "BULLET::::- Q&A: A lost interview with ENIAC co-inventor J. Presper Eckert\n", "BULLET::::- 1989 interview of Eckert by Alexander Randall 5th, published February 23, 2006 on KurzweilAI.net. Includes Eckert's reflections on the creation of ENIAC.\n", "BULLET::::- Interview with Eckert Transcript of a video interview with Eckert by David Allison for the National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution on February 2, 1988. An in-depth, technical discussion on the ENIAC, including the thought process behind the design.\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [ "John Adam Presper Eckert, Jr.", "John Presper Eckert" ] }, "description": "American electrical engineer and computer pioneer", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q457906", "wikidata_label": "J. Presper Eckert", "wikipedia_title": "J. Presper Eckert" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Mary Lou Retton\n", "Mary Lou Retton (born January 24, 1968) is a retired American gymnast. At the boycotted 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, she won a gold medal in the individual all-around competition, as well as two silver medals and two bronze medals. Her performance made her one of the most popular athletes in the United States of America.\n", "Her gold medal was a historic win as Retton was the first-ever American woman to win the all-around gold medal at the Olympics.\n", "Section::::Personal life.\n", "Mary Lou Retton was born on January 24, 1968, in Fairmont, West Virginia. (The original family name was \"Rotunda.\") Her father, Ronnie, operated a coal-industry transportation equipment business. She attended Fairmont Senior High School, but did not graduate. She competed in the 1984 Olympic games in Los Angeles, California, during her sophomore year of high school. She grew up in a Christian home. She and her family attend Second Baptist Church Houston.\n", "Retton lived in Houston, Texas, until 2009, when her family returned to West Virginia and again moved back to Houston in 2012. She was married to former University of Texas quarterback and Houston real estate developer Shannon Kelley, who now works for the Houston Baptist University athletic department. Together they have four daughters: Shayla (b. 1995), McKenna (b. 1997), a current NCAA gymnast at Louisiana State University, Skyla (b. 2000), and Emma (b. 2002).\n", "Retton divorced her husband in February 2018.\n", "Section::::Gymnastics career.\n", "Retton was inspired by watching Nadia Comăneci outshine defending Olympic two-event winner Olga Korbut on television at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, when she herself was eight years of age, and she took up gymnastics in her hometown of Fairmont. She was coached by Gary Rafaloski. She then decided to move to Houston, Texas, to train under Romanians Béla and Márta Károlyi, who had coached Nadia Comăneci before their defection to the United States. Under the Károlyis, Retton soon began to make a name for herself in the U.S., winning the American Cup in 1983 and placing second to Dianne Durham (another Károlyi student) at the US Nationals that same year. Though Retton missed the World Gymnastics Championships in 1983 due to a wrist injury, she won the American Classic in 1983 and 1984, as well as Japan's Chunichi Cup in 1983.\n", "After winning her second American Cup, the U.S. Nationals, and the U.S. Olympic Trials in 1984, Retton suffered a knee injury when she was performing a floor routine at a local gymnastics center. She had sat down to sign autographs when she felt her knee lock, forcing her to undergo an operation five weeks prior to the 1984 Summer Olympics, which were going to be held in Los Angeles—the first time the Summer Olympics had been held in the United States in 52 years. She recovered just in time for this most prestigious of tournaments, and in the competition, which was boycotted by the Soviet bloc nations except for Romania, Retton was engaged in a close battle with Ecaterina Szabo of Romania for the all-around gold medal. Trailing Szabo (after uneven bars and balance beam) by 0.15 with two events to go, Retton scored perfect 10s on floor exercise and vault—the last event in an especially dramatic fashion, as there had been fears that her knee injury and the subsequent surgery might impair her performance. Retton won the all-around gold medal by 0.05 points, beating Szabo and becoming the first American to receive the all-around gold medal. She also became the first female gymnast from outside Eastern Europe to win the individual all-around gold.\n", "At the same Olympics, Retton won four additional medals: silver in the team competition and the horse vault, and bronze in the floor exercise and uneven bars. For her performance, she was named \"Sports Illustrated\" Magazine's \"Sportswoman of the Year.\" She appeared on a Wheaties box, and became the cereal's first official spokeswoman.\n", "In 1985, Retton won the American Cup all-around competition for the third and final time. She retired in 1986.\n", "Section::::Post-gymnastics career.\n", "Section::::Post-gymnastics career.:Political views.\n", "An ardent Christian conservative, she was an outspoken supporter of the Reagan Administration in the United States. She appeared in a variety of televised ads supporting Ronald Reagan as well as appearing at a rally for Reagan's reelection campaign just a month after the Olympics in her home state of West Virginia. Retton delivered the Pledge of Allegiance with fellow former gymnast and 1996 Olympic gold medalist Kerri Strug on the second night of the 2004 Republican National Convention.\n", "Section::::Post-gymnastics career.:Non-sports honors.\n", "Retton's hometown, Fairmont, West Virginia, named a road and a park in the town after her. Having retired from gymnastics after winning an unprecedented third American Cup title in 1985, as noted above, she later had cameo appearances as herself in \"Scrooged\" and \".\"\n", "Retton was elected to the National Italian American Sports Hall of Fame in 1992.\n", "In 1993, the Associated Press released results of a sports study in which Retton was statistically tied for first place with fellow Olympian Dorothy Hamill as the most popular athlete in America.\n", "In 1997, Retton was inducted into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame.\n", "Section::::Post-gymnastics career.:Compensated endorsements.\n", "During the 1990s, Retton worked as a spokeswoman for the US drugstore chain Revco, appearing in advertisements for it.\n", "Retton has many commercial endorsements, including bowling and shampoo. She was the first female athlete to be pictured on the front of a Wheaties box, and General Mills stated that Wheaties sales improved after her appearance. In 2019, Retton became a spokesperson for Australian Dream, a pain relief cream. She is a frequent analyst for televised gymnastics and attended The University of Texas at Austin after the Olympics.\n", "Section::::Post-gymnastics career.:The USA Gymnastics scandal.\n", "Retton was thrust back into the spotlight when the USA Gymnastics sex abuse scandal hit the news in 2017. When the Protecting Young Victims from Sexual Abuse and Safe Sport Authorization of 2017 was introduced to the 115th Congress, she and other members of USA Gymnastics met with the bill sponsor, Senator Dianne Feinstein, with the aim of convincing her to drop the bill. Despite these efforts, on February 14 2018 the Protecting Young Victims from Sexual Abuse and Safe Sport Authorization of 2017 was signed into law and became effective immediately.\n", "Section::::TV appearances.\n", "BULLET::::- 1985: \"ABC Funfit\"; hosted a series of five-minute segments on physical fitness which were broadcast between Saturday morning cartoons.\n", "BULLET::::- 1988: \"Scrooged\"; as herself.\n", "BULLET::::- 1992: \"Knots Landing\"; as herself in the episode \"Letting Go\".\n", "BULLET::::- 1993: \"Baywatch\"; in the episode \"The Child Inside\".\n", "BULLET::::- 2002: \"Mary Lou's Flip Flop Shop\".\n", "BULLET::::- 2010: \"Glee\"; in the episode \"Grilled Cheesus\" Sue Sylvester refers to Mary Lour Retton as her worst enemy.\n", "BULLET::::- 2014: RadioShack Super Bowl XLVIII commercial \"The '80s Called\"; cameo appearance.\n", "BULLET::::- 2018: Appeared as a contestant on 27th season of \"Dancing with the Stars\", partnered with Sasha Farber. Eliminated Week 6 - 9th Place\n", "Section::::Medical conditions.\n", "Retton was born with hip dysplasia, a condition that her years as a competitive gymnast aggravated. After experiencing increased pain from the condition, she underwent hip replacement surgery on her left hip in her middle thirties. In October 2008, at the age of 40, she visited the Biomet facility in Warsaw, Indiana, and there met the machinists who had produced her hip implant.\n", "Section::::Gymnastics legacy.\n", "Retton's routine on the uneven parallel bars included a move that came to be called \"The Retton Flip.\" This consisted of a transition (front flip) from low- to high-bar, resulting in the gymnast perched or \"sitting\" on top of the high bar. This move, and many others like it, were removed from the Code of Points of artistic gymnastics due to old-style \"belly beat\" moves having ceased to be used in bars competitions.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- List of Olympic female gymnasts for the United States\n", "BULLET::::- List of Olympic medal leaders in women's gymnastics\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Official website\n", "BULLET::::- Where Are They Now?: Mary Lou Retton Photos & Info\n", "BULLET::::- List of competitive results at Gymn Forum\n", "BULLET::::- Mary Lou Retton 2007 Interview with Béla Károlyi on \"Sidewalks Entertainment\"\n", "BULLET::::- The \"Retton Flip\"\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "American gymnast", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q235975", "wikidata_label": "Mary Lou Retton", "wikipedia_title": "Mary Lou Retton" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Ptolemy of Mauretania\n", "Ptolemy of Mauretania (, \"Ptolemaîos\"; ; 13 9BC–AD40) was the last Roman client king and ruler of Mauretania for Rome. He was a member of the Berber Massyles tribe of Numidia; via his mother Cleopatra Selene II, he was also a member of Egypt's Ptolemaic dynasty.\n", "Section::::Life.\n", "Section::::Life.:Early life.\n", "Ptolemy was the son of King Juba II and Queen Cleopatra Selene II of Mauretania. His birth date is not certainly known, but must have occurred before his mother's death, which has been estimated to have taken place in 5BC. He had a sister (possibly younger) who is evidenced by an Athenian inscription, but her name has not been preserved. She may have been called Drusilla of Mauretania.\n", "His father Juba II was the son of King Juba I of Numidia, who was descended from the Berbers of North Africa and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir Pompey. His mother Cleopatra Selene II was the daughter of the Ptolemaic Greek Queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir Mark Antony. Ptolemy was of Berber, Greek and Roman ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of Juba II and Cleopatra Selene II to reach maturity and were among the younger grandchildren to Mark Antony. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to Julius Caesar and the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Ptolemy was a first cousin to Germanicus and the Roman Emperor Claudius and a second cousin to the Emperor Caligula, the Empress Agrippina the Younger, the Empress Valeria Messalina and the Emperor Nero.\n", "Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of Mauretania (modern Cherchell, Algeria) in the Roman Empire. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the Ptolemaic dynasty. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name, Cleopatra Selene II created a distinct Greek-Egyptian tone and emphasized her role as the monarch who would continue the Ptolemaic dynasty. She by-passed the ancestral names of her husband. By naming her son Ptolemy instead of a Berber ancestral name, she offers an example rare in ancient history, especially in the case of a son who is the primary male heir, of reaching into the mother's family instead of the father's for a name. This emphasized the idea that his mother was the heiress of the Ptolemies and the leader of a Ptolemaic government in exile.\n", "Through his parents, Ptolemy had Roman citizenship and they sent him to Rome to be educated. His mother likely died in 5BC and was placed in the Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania, built by his parents. In Rome, Ptolemy received a good Roman education. He was part of the remarkable court of his maternal aunt Antonia Minor, an influential aristocrat who presided over a circle of various princes and princesses which assisted in the political preservation of the Roman Empire's borders and affairs of the client states. Antonia Minor, the youngest daughter of Mark Antony and the youngest niece of Emperor Augustus, was a half-sister of Ptolemy's late mother, also a daughter of Mark Antony. Antonia Minor's mother was Octavia Minor, Mark Antony's fourth wife and the second sister of Octavian (later Augustus). Ptolemy lived in Rome until the age of 21, when he returned to the court of his aging father in Mauretania.\n", "Section::::Life.:Reign.\n", "When Ptolemy returned to Mauretania, JubaII made Ptolemy his co-ruler and successor. Coinage has survived from JubaII's co-rule with his son. On coinage, on one side there is a central bust of JubaII with his title in Latin \" ‘King Juba’\". On the other side there is a central bust of Ptolemy and the inscription stating in Latin \" ‘King Ptolemy son of Juba’\". JubaII died in 23 and was placed alongside Cleopatra SeleneII in the Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania. Then Ptolemy became the sole ruler of Mauretania.\n", "During his co-rule with JubaII, and into his sole rule, Ptolemy, like his father, appeared to be a patron of art, learning, literature and sports. In Athens, Greece, statues were erected to JubaII and Ptolemy in a gymnasium in Athens, and a statue was erected in Ptolemy's honor in reference to his taste in literature. Ptolemy dedicated statues of himself on the Acropolis. The Athenians honored Ptolemy and his family with inscriptions dedicated to them, and this reveals that the Athenians had respect towards the Roman Client Monarchs and their families which was common in the 1st century.\n", "In the year 17, the local Berber tribes, the Numidian Tacfarinas and Garamantes, started to revolt against the Kingdom of Mauretania and Rome. The war had ravaged Africa and Berber forces included former slaves from Ptolemy's household who had joined in the revolt. Ptolemy through his military campaigns was unsuccessful in ending the Berber revolt. The war reached the point where Ptolemy summoned the Roman governor of Africa, Publius Cornelius Dolabella, and his army to assist Ptolemy in ending the revolt. The war finally ended in 24. Although Ptolemy's army and the Romans won, both parties suffered considerable losses of infantry and cavalry.\n", "The Roman Senate, impressed by Ptolemy's loyal conduct, had sent a Roman senator to visit Ptolemy. The Roman senator recognized Ptolemy's loyal conduct and awarded him an ivory scepter, an embroidered triumphal robe, and the senator greeted Ptolemy as \"king, ally, and friend\". This recognition was a tradition which recognized and rewarded the allies of Rome.\n", "Ptolemy, through his military campaigns, had proven his capability and loyalty as an ally and Client King to Rome. He was a popular monarch with the Berbers and had travelled extensively throughout the Roman Empire, including Alexandria, Egypt and Ostia, Italy.\n", "In Caesaria, prayers were offered for the health of Ptolemy at the Temple of Saturn \"frugifer dues\". Mauretania was a region that was abundant in agriculture and a god considered equivalent to Saturn was the god of agriculture. This cult was an important one in the kingdom. A temple and a sanctuary were dedicated to Saturn in Caesaria by 30 and, throughout Mauretania, various temples were dedicated to Saturn.\n", "Ptolemy's parents descended from backgrounds that had strong endemic traditions in claiming their descent from Hercules (see Heracleidae). His mother originated from Egypt where there were various imperial cults dedicated to the Pharaohs and their relatives, and there is a possibility that his father's Royal Numidian ancestors may have had imperial cults dedicated to them.\n", "A surviving inscription in Mauretania hints that either JubaII or Ptolemy established an imperial cult honoring Hiempsal II, a previous Numidian King and paternal grandfather of JubaII. According to inscription evidence, Ptolemy may have established a Royal Mauretanian cult honoring himself and his late parents (see Berber mythology). One inscription is dedicated to his genius and another inscription expressed wishes for his good health.\n", "Evidence suggesting that Ptolemy could have deified JubaII after his death is from the writings of the Christian author of the 3rd century Marcus Minucius Felix. In Felix's \"Octavius\", the writer records a dialogue between a Christian and a pagan from Cirta. This dialogue was part of a Christian argument that divinity is impossible for mortals. Felix lists humans who were said to have become divine: \"Saturn, Jupiter, Romulus and Juba\". Further literary evidence, suggesting the deification of JubaII by Ptolemy, is from the brief euhemerist exercise entitled \"On the Vanity of Idols\" by the 3rd-century Christian saint Cyprian. In his exercise in deflating the gods, Cyprian observed and stated that the Mauretanians were manifestly worshiping their kings and did not conceal their name by any disguise. According to the surviving evidence there is a strong probability that JubaII and Ptolemy were deified by the Berbers after their deaths.\n", "Coinage from Ptolemy's sole reign is very different from those during the time Ptolemy co-ruled with JubaII. His royal title on coinage is in Latin \" ‘King Ptolemy’\" and there is no surviving coinage that shows his royal title in Greek. On his coinage there is no Ancient Egyptian imagery. The coinage from his sole reign displays a variety of themes. Ptolemy personified himself as an elephant on coins. Elephant personification is an ancient coinage tradition in which his late parents did when they ruled Mauretania. The elephant has symbolic functions: an icon representing Africa and an iconic monetary characteristic from the Hellenistic period which displays influence and power. Another animal Ptolemy uses on coins is a lion leaping, which is a symbol of animal kingship and is another symbol representing Africa.\n", "Other coins display Roman themes. A rare revealing gold coin, dated from the year 39, celebrates Ptolemy's ascent, his rule, and his loyalty to Rome. On one side of the coin, there is a central bust of JubaII and is inscribed in Latin \"‘King Juba son of Juba’\". JubaII is personified like a Greek Egyptian pharaoh from the Ptolemaic dynasty. The other side of the coin is an eagle with its wings displayed on a thunderbolt, and Ptolemy's initials are inscribed in Latin. Through his father's central bust and inscription, Ptolemy is celebrating and showing the continuation of his family and rule, while honoring his paternal ancestry. The personification of his father as a Ptolemaic Pharaoh, Ptolemy is celebrating his Greek Egyptian descent and possibly his links to Alexander the Great. Ptolemy through the eagle is celebrating the Roman Peace, honoring the rule of the Roman Empire, while he is showing his allegiance and loyalty to Ancient Rome. Another coin, dating from the year 40, celebrates his senatorial decree. The coin shows on one side, a curule chair upon which is a wreath and a scepter leaning against it. On the other side of the coin, Ptolemy is wearing a fillet on his head.\n", "Ptolemy seemed to have had expensive tastes and enjoyed luxury items. He owned a custom-made citrus wood wine table. Mauretania had many citrus trees and produced many citrus wood tables, which were frequently sought out by aristocrats and monarchs.\n", "Ptolemy married a woman named Julia Urania, who came from obscure origins. She is only known through a funeral inscription found at Caesaria through her freedwoman Julia Bodina. Bodina ascribed Julia Urania as \"‘Queen Julia Urania’\". There is a possibility that Julia Urania was a member of the royal family of Emesa (modern Homs, Syria). Ptolemy married Julia Urania at an unknown date during the 1st century. She bore Ptolemy, in about 38, a daughter called Drusilla.\n", "Section::::Life.:Death.\n", "The Kingdom of Mauretania was one of the wealthiest Roman client kingdoms, and after 24 Ptolemy continued to reign without interruption. In late 40, Caligula invited Ptolemy to Rome and welcomed him with appropriate honours. Ptolemy was confirmed as king and an ally and friend of the empire, but he was assassinated by order of Caligula. Caligula's motivation is unclear. Ancient historians claim envy of Ptolemy's wealth or of a theatrical crowd's admiration of Ptolemy's purple cloak. Later historians have suggested other motivations. Some of these are inspired by Suetonius's claim about the purple cloak, while others are independent of the claims of the ancient historians, for example the idea that Ptolemy may have been implicated in a plot by Gaetulicus or Caligula wanted to exert greater control over Mauretania.\n", "After Ptolemy's murder in Rome, his former household slave Aedemon, from outrage and out of loyalty to his former master, wanted to take revenge against Caligula and started the revolt of Mauretania with the Berbers against Rome. The Berber revolt was a violent one and the rebels were skilled fighters against the Roman Army. The Roman generals Gnaeus Hosidius Geta and Gaius Suetonius Paulinus were needed to end the revolt. Mauretania was divided into two provinces which were Mauretania Tingitana and Mauretania Caesariensis.\n", "Much prior to Ptolemy's death, Caligula had sent a man to him with a message stating: \"Do nothing at all, neither good or bad, to the bearer.\" Claudius tried a Roman senator called Gaius Rabirius Postumus for treason who before tried unsuccessfully to recover money from Ptolemy.\n", "Section::::In popular culture.\n", "Ptolemy is a minor character in the novels by Robert Graves, \"I Claudius \" and \"Claudius the God\".\n", "He appears in Stephanie Dray's novel \"Daughters of the Nile\", which marked the end of the trilogy focusing on Ptolemy's mother.\n", "Throughout Algeria and Morocco, statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the Rabat Museum in Morocco. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of JubaII virtually show his relations to the Julio-Claudian dynasty. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze Roman imperial bust of Ptolemy about age 15 which Sotheby's auctioned in New York for $960,000 in 2004.\n", "Section::::References.\n", "Section::::References.:Bibliography.\n", "BULLET::::- Tacitus, The Annals of Imperial Rome, Partner of my Labors\n", "BULLET::::- Encyclopædia Britannica - Ptolemy of Mauretania\n", "BULLET::::- Burstein, Stanley M. \"The Reign of Cleopatra\", University of Oklahoma Press December 30, 2007\n", "BULLET::::- Nikos Kokkinos, Antonia Augusta: Portrait of a Great Roman Lady (London; New York: Routledge 1992)\n", "BULLET::::- Michael Brett & Elizabeth Fentress, The Berbers, Blackwell Publishers 1997\n", "BULLET::::- John Williams Humphrey, John Peter Oleson & Andrew N. Sherwood. Contributors: John Peter Oleson and Andrew N. Sherwood: Greek and Roman Technology: A Sourcebook: Annotated Translations of Greek Texts and Documents, Routledge 1998\n", "BULLET::::- Mutilation and Transformation: Damnatio Memoriae and Roman Imperial, Brill 2004\n", "BULLET::::- Christopher H. Hallett, The Roman Nude: Heroic Portrait Statuary 200 BC-AD 300, Oxford University Press, 2005\n", "BULLET::::- various art from antiquity for sale\n", "BULLET::::- ancient library article on Ptolemy\n", "BULLET::::- coinage article and biography on Juba II and Cleopatra Selene II\n", "BULLET::::- article on Cleopatra Selene II, Queen of Mauretania\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [ "Ptolemy of Mauretania" ] }, "description": "politician", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q526000", "wikidata_label": "Ptolemy of Mauretania", "wikipedia_title": "Ptolemy of Mauretania" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Jim Rice\n", "James Edward Rice (born March 8, 1953), nicknamed \"Jim Ed\", is a former Major League Baseball left fielder and designated hitter who played his entire 16-year baseball career for the Boston Red Sox.\n", "Rice was an eight-time American League (AL) All-Star and was named the AL's Most Valuable Player in after becoming the first major league player in 19 years to hit for 400 total bases. He went on to become the ninth player to lead the major leagues in total bases in consecutive seasons. He joined Ty Cobb as one of two players to lead the AL in total bases three years in a row. He batted .300 seven times, collected 100 runs batted in (RBI) eight times and 200 hits four times, and had eleven seasons with 20 home runs. He also led the league in home runs three times, RBIs and slugging percentage twice each.\n", "In the late 1970s he was part of one of the sport's great outfields along with Fred Lynn and Dwight Evans (who was his teammate for his entire career); Rice continued the tradition of his predecessors Ted Williams and Carl Yastrzemski as a power-hitting left fielder who played his entire career for the Red Sox. He ended his career with a .502 slugging percentage, and then ranked tenth in AL history with 382 home runs; his career marks in homers, hits (2,452), RBI (1,451) and total bases (4,129) remain Red Sox records for a right-handed hitter, with Evans eventually surpassing his Boston records for career runs scored, at bats and extra base hits by a right-handed hitter. When Rice retired, his 1,503 career games in left field ranked seventh in AL history. Rice was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame on July 26, 2009, as the 103rd member voted in by the BBWAA.\n", "Section::::Notable seasons.\n", "Rice's three-run home run was the key blow in helping the Pawtucket Red Sox (International League) defeat the Tulsa Oilers (American Association) in a 5–2 win in the 1973 Junior World Series. After he was AAA's International League Rookie of the Year, Most Valuable Player and Triple Crown winner in 1974, he and fellow rookie teammate Fred Lynn were brought up to the Red Sox at the same time, and were known as the \"Gold Dust Twins\". He was promoted in the Red Sox organization to be a full-time player in 1975, and finished in second place for the American League's Rookie of the Year honors, and third in the Most Valuable Player voting, after he finished the season with 174 base hits, 102 runs batted in, a .309 batting average and 22 home runs; Lynn won both awards. The Red Sox won the AL's East Division, but Rice did not play in either the League Championship Series or World Series because of a wrist injury sustained during the last week of the regular season when he was hit by a pitch. The Red Sox went on to lose the World Series, 4 games to 3, to the Cincinnati Reds of the National League (NL).\n", "In 1978, Rice won the Most Valuable Player award in a campaign where he hit .315 (third in the league) and led the league in home runs (46), RBI (139), hits (213), triples (15), total bases (406, a Red Sox record) and slugging percentage (.600). He is one of only two AL players ever to lead his league in both triples and home runs in the same season, and he remains the only player ever to lead the major leagues in triples, home runs and RBIs in the same season. His 406 total bases that year were the most in the AL since Joe DiMaggio had 418 in 1937, and it made Rice the first major leaguer with 400 or more total bases since Hank Aaron's 400 in 1959. This feat was not repeated until 1997, when Larry Walker had 409 in the NL. No AL player has done it since Rice in 1978, and his total remains the third highest by an AL right-handed hitter, behind DiMaggio and Jimmie Foxx (438 in ).\n", "In 1986, Rice had 200 hits, batted .324, and had 110 RBIs. The Red Sox made it to the World Series for the second time during his career. This time, Rice played in all 14 postseason games, where he collected 14 hits, including two home runs. He also scored 14 runs and drove in six. The 14 runs Rice scored is the fifth most recorded by an individual during a single year's postseason play. The Red Sox went on to lose the World Series to the New York Mets, 4 games to 3, the fourth consecutive Series appearance by Boston which they lost in seven games.\n", "Section::::Career accomplishments.\n", "Rice led the AL in home runs three times (1977, 1978, 1983), in RBI twice (1978, 1983), in slugging percentage twice (1977, 1978), and in total bases four times (1977–1979, 1983). He also picked up Silver Slugger Awards in 1983 and 1984 (the award was created in 1980). Rice hit at least 39 home runs in a season four times, had eight 100-RBI seasons and four seasons with 200+ hits, and batted over .300 seven times. He finished his 16-year career with a .298 batting average, 382 home runs, 1,451 RBIs, 1,249 runs scored, 2,452 hits, and 4,129 total bases. He was an American League All-Star eight times (1977–1980, 1983–1986). In addition to winning the American League MVP award in 1978, he finished in the top five in MVP voting five other times (1975, 1977, 1979, 1983, 1986).\n", "Rice is the only player in history to lead the league in HRs, RBIs, and triples in the same year. He is also the only player in major league history to record over 200 hits while hitting 39 or more HRs for three consecutive years. He is tied for the AL record of leading the league in total bases for three straight seasons, and was one of three AL players to have three straight seasons of hitting at least 39 home runs while batting .315 or higher. From 1975 to 1986, Rice led the AL in total games played, at bats, runs scored, hits, homers, RBIs, slugging percentage, total bases, extra base hits, go-ahead RBIs, multi-hit games, and outfield assists. Among all major league players during that time, Rice was the leader in five of these categories (Mike Schmidt is next, having led in four).\n", "In 1984 he set a major league single-season record by hitting into 36 double plays. His 315 career times grounding into a double play ranked third in major league history behind Hank Aaron and Carl Yastrzemski when he retired; he broke Brooks Robinson's AL record for a right-handed hitter (297) in 1988, and Cal Ripken, Jr. eventually surpassed his mark in 1999. Rice led the league in this category in four consecutive seasons (1982–1985), matching Hall of Famer Ernie Lombardi for the major league record. The on-base prowess of Rice's teammates placed him in a double play situation over 2,000 times during his career, almost once for every game he played. Rice posted a batting average of .310 and slugging percentage of .515 in those situations, better than his overall career marks in those categories.\n", "Rice could hit for both power and average, and currently only twelve other retired players rank ahead of him in both career home runs and batting average: Hank Aaron, Jimmie Foxx, Lou Gehrig, Willie Mays, Stan Musial, Mel Ott, Babe Ruth, Ted Williams, Chipper Jones, Vladimir Guerrero, Mike Piazza, and Larry Walker. In 1981, Lawrence Ritter and Donald Honig included him in their book \"The 100 Greatest Baseball Players of All Time\".\n", "Rice was an accomplished left fielder, finishing his career with a fielding percentage of .980 and had 137 outfield assists (comparable to Ted Williams' figures of .974 and 140). Although never possessing great speed, he had a strong throwing arm and was able to master the various caroms that balls took from the Green Monster (in left field) in Fenway Park. His 21 assists in 1983 remains the most by a Red Sox outfielder since 1944, when Bob Johnson had 23. Aside from playing 1543 games as an outfielder during his career, Rice also appeared as a designated hitter in 530 games.\n", "Rice's number 14 was retired by the Red Sox in a pre-game ceremony on July 28, 2009.\n", "Section::::Community activities.\n", "Rice was associated with a variety of charitable organizations during his career, primarily on behalf of children, some of which have carried on into his retirement. He was named an honorary chairman of The Jimmy Fund, the fundraising arm of the Dana–Farber Cancer Institute in Boston, in 1979, and in 1992 was awarded that organization's \"Jimmy Award\", which honors individuals who have demonstrated their dedication to cancer research. Rice is also active in his support of the Neurofibromatosis Foundation of New England. Rice's involvement with Major League Baseball's RBI program (Reviving Baseball in Inner Cities) resulted in the naming of a new youth baseball facility in Roxbury, Massachusetts, in his honor in 1999. A youth recreation center in Rice's hometown of Anderson, South Carolina, is also named in his honor.\n", "Rice's most notable humanitarian accomplishment occurred during a nationally televised game (against the Chicago White Sox) on August 7, 1982, when he rushed into the stands to help a young boy who had been struck in the head by a line drive off the bat of Dave Stapleton. As other players and spectators watched, Rice left the dugout and entered the stands to help 4-year-old Jonathan Keane, who was bleeding heavily. Rice carried the boy onto the field, through the Red Sox dugout and into the clubhouse, where the young boy could be treated by the team's medical staff. Thanks to Rice's swift response, Keane made a full recovery from the injury.\n", "Section::::Retirement activities.\n", "In 1990, Rice agreed to play with the St. Petersburg Pelicans of the short-lived Senior Professional Baseball Association. Afterwards, Rice has served as a roving batting coach (1992–1994) and hitting instructor (1995–2000), and remains an instructional batting coach (2001–present) with the Red Sox organization. While the Red Sox hitting coach, the team led the league in hitting in 1997 and players won two batting titles. Rice was the hitting coach for the American League in the 1997 and 1999 Major League Baseball All-Star Games, both under the same manager, the New York Yankees' Joe Torre. Since 2003, he's also been employed as a commentator for the New England Sports Network (NESN), where he contributes to the Red Sox pre-game and post-game shows. He had a cameo appearance in the NESN movie \"Wait Till This Year\" and in the film \"Fever Pitch\". The former slugger has been known to pass his wisdom on to the current Sox players and stars from time to time. Rice was elected to the Boston Red Sox Hall of Fame when it first opened in 1995, and he is the 40th member of Ted Williams' Museum and Hitters Hall of Fame, having been inducted along with Paul Molitor, Dave Winfield and Robin Yount in 2001. On November 29, 2008, the Boston chapter of the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) announced that Rice would be the recipient of the Emil Fuchs Award for long and meritorious service to baseball.\n", "During his Hall of Fame acceptance speech Rice revealed that he is a devoted fan of \"The Young and the Restless\", noting that he was watching the show when he was informed of his acceptance.\n", "Section::::Hall of Fame.\n", "While Rice was generally regarded as one of the better hitters of his era based upon the statistics traditionally used by the BBWAA to evaluate players' Hall of Fame qualifications, he was not elected until his 15th and final year of eligibility, netting 76.4% of the votes, in 2009. Over the years he was on the BBWAA ballot, he received 3,974 total votes, the most ever collected by any player that was voted on for baseball's highest honor. In 2006 and 2007, he received over 63% of votes cast. Rice just missed being elected in 2008 when the count found him on 72.2% of the ballots, only 2.8% short of the required 75%. Rice became the third enshrinee to get into the shrine on his last chance on the ballot, and the first since Ralph Kiner (1975).\n", "Rice's delay in being elected to the Hall of Fame stemmed in part from more current statistical analysis of player performance. This analysis suggested that Rice's HOF credentials might have been more questionable than they were considered during his career. The delay may also have been related to his often difficult relationship with the media during his playing career, many of whom are still voting members of the BBWAA, and his career fading relatively early – he last played in the major leagues at the age of 36. Some writers, such as the \"Boston Herald\"'s Sean McAdam, said that Rice's chances improved with the exposure of the \"Steroids Era\" in baseball. In the same article, McAdam expanded this subject by adding: \"In an era when power numbers are properly viewed with a healthy dose of suspicion, Rice's production over the course of his 16 years gains additional stature.\" As such, he has received increasingly more votes each year since the 2003 ballot, improving his vote totals by 133 votes over the last five years on the ballot. However, from several sabermetric standpoints (not including Black Ink, Gray Ink or HOF Monitor) it can be argued that Rice falls short of his peers in the Hall of Fame. Nevertheless, several commentators have noted that the continued criticism of Rice's statistics not meeting sabermetric standards is unfair given that several other Hall of Fame players, notably Andre Dawson and Tony Pérez, fare even worse against such standards.\n", "During the 2007 season, the Pawtucket Red Sox started a campaign to get Rice inducted which included having fans sign \"the World's Largest Jim Rice Jersey.\"\n", "Although other players have compiled career statistics more similar to Rice's, most notably 1999 Hall inductee Orlando Cepeda, perhaps the most similar player to Rice was 1968 inductee Joe Medwick. Both were power-hitting left fielders who batted right-handed and played their home games in stadiums which favored hitters, and both had a period of a few years in which they enjoyed a remarkable burst of offense, each winning an MVP award at age 25 – Rice after collecting 400 total bases, and Medwick after becoming the last NL player to win the Triple Crown. Both retired at age 36 due to the cumulative effect of various minor injuries. Their career totals in games, at bats, runs, hits, RBI, steals, on-base percentage, slugging percentage, extra base hits and total bases are all fairly similar, with notable differences only in batting average and home runs; Medwick's higher average (.324 to .298) can be partially attributed to the higher emphasis on batting average in the 1930s, while Rice's advantage in home runs (382 to 205) is largely the result of a dramatic increase in homers over the 40 years between their careers (Rice ranked 10th in AL history upon his retirement, while Medwick ranked 11th in NL history upon his). Medwick was elected to the Hall in his final season of eligibility in 1968, which Rice also duplicated.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball career home run leaders\n", "BULLET::::- Boston Red Sox Hall of Fame\n", "BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball career hits leaders\n", "BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball career runs scored leaders\n", "BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball career runs batted in leaders\n", "BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball career total bases leaders\n", "BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball annual runs batted in leaders\n", "BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball annual home run leaders\n", "BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball annual triples leaders\n", "BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball players who spent their entire career with one franchise\n", "BULLET::::- Major League Baseball titles leaders\n", "Section::::References.\n", "BULLET::::- \"Official Website of the Boston Red Sox\"\n", "BULLET::::- \"Ted Williams Museum Hitters Hall of Fame\"\n", "BULLET::::- \"Cooperstown Calls For Henderson, Rice\"\n", "Section::::External links.\n", ", or Retrosheet\n", "BULLET::::- SABR BioProject biography\n", "BULLET::::- Biography and career highlights \"Baseball Library\"\n", "BULLET::::- Jim Rice for Hall of Fame\n", "BULLET::::- Baseball Almanac\n", "BULLET::::- Jim Rice mentioned on Red Sox Radio WEEI\n", "BULLET::::- \"Jim Rice Batting Fundamentals\"\n", "BULLET::::- \" Rice dominated AL for a decade – Boston slugger again up for Hall of Fame inclusion\n", "BULLET::::- THE CULLING by D. Allan Kerr -- \"One More Time At Bat For Jim Rice\"\n", "BULLET::::- Pura Pelota 1973–74 Venezuelan Professional Baseball League season\n", "br\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [ "James Edward Rice" ] }, "description": "American baseball player", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q1056244", "wikidata_label": "Jim Rice", "wikipedia_title": "Jim Rice" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Rod Quantock\n", "Rodney Edward Quantock (born 1948) is an Australian stand-up comedian and writer. He is known for his peculiar style of stand-up comedy, which is often politically driven, as well as being the face of bed retailer Capt'n Snooze for many years. Described as \"a living Melbourne treasure\" by \"The Age\" newspaper, he has also achieved great prominence with his involvement in political activism and social justice and as a speaker at many public and corporate events.\n", "Section::::Biography.\n", "Section::::Biography.:Early life.\n", "Quantock grew up in Coburg. His father worked in Fitzroy in a metal-polishing factory and as a tram conductor. Before venturing into professional comedy, Quantock studied architecture at the University of Melbourne for 5 years. His interest in comedy started at the university Architect's revue in 1969, where he felt extremely comfortable once onstage. It was here that he met his future wife Mary Kenneally. One of Quantock's sisters, Loris, is a Sydney-based artist.\n", "Section::::Biography.:Break into theatre.\n", "Quantock's break into theatre came in the early '70s. Quantock played a large part in the rebirth of live theatre in Australia in the '70s, conceiving and performing in full-scale productions for many of Australia's comedy venues including The Flying Trapeze Cafe, Foibles Theatre Restaurant, The Last Laugh, The Comedy Café and the Trades Hall.\n", "Along with Kenneally, Geoff Brooks and Stephen Blackburn, Quantock opened and operated The Comedy Cafe and Banana Lounge.\n", "Section::::Notable acts.\n", "Section::::Notable acts.:Television.\n", "Quantock became more involved in television in the early 80s and the 90s, working on the series \"Ratbags\", \"Australia You're Standing In It\", \"Fast Forward\", \"Denton\", \"BackBerner\" and was a regular on \"The Big Gig\" and \"Good News Week\".\n", "In 2005, he appeared as the subject of an art exhibition displayed at Crown Casino.\n", "Quantock was a founding member on the Melbourne International Comedy Festival board,a consultant to the Melbourne Moomba Festival and a member of the Arts Committee of the Bicentennial BHP Awards For Excellence. \n", "Section::::Notable acts.:Capt'n Snooze.\n", "Quantock starred in a series of television advertisements for bed retailer Capt'n Snooze from the '80s to the late '90s for which he has become most well known. In a working relationship spanning 18 years, Quantock explains that there were \"a lot of things about Capt'n Snooze that were good and a lot of things that were bad\" but concedes that his main reason for continuing to be the face of Capt'n Snooze was financial:They said, “All you've got to do is wear a little nightshirt and put a hat on and jump up and down on beds and you can have that semi-trailer full of money.” But I think it made me a bit less ambitious in terms of comedy. I mean I won’t go into the details, but we’ve had a lot of medical problems in our family, so that money took a lot of pressure off working professionally as a comedian. So I regret it at that level. I think I probably would be a better comedian, doing more interesting things if I hadn't have had that in my life.\n", "Section::::Notable acts.:\"Bus\".\n", "Quantock became well known for conducting various evening bus tours of Melbourne and other parts of Victoria since the early '80s, a concept called \"Bus, Son of Tram\" or just \"Bus\", where a group of people would travel on a bus with him to a surprise location to meet other people who had no idea of their coming. The success of the bus tour depended largely on the element of surprise and the results were almost always comical. Quantock saw it as a way of seeing how frightened people have become:We've got gated communities; we've got car alarms; we've got people putting steel shutters over their windows at night. People are frightened – of other people taking what they've got, of being killed, I suppose – so the thing I am going to find most interesting is how severe security has becomebut also as a way of \"introduc[ing] unsuspecting people to this idea that the world's not such a frightening place and you can have fun with strangers.\"\n", "The audience members were all given Groucho Marx masks and Rod carried a rubber chicken on a stick, named \"Trevor\".\n", "Section::::Political activism.\n", "Quantock is a strong supporter of Left-wing politics and was the host of the 1997, 1998 and 2004 Ska-TV Activist awards which were broadcast on community television around Australia.\n", "He gave a speech at the 17 January 2010 rally at closure of The Tote Hotel.\n", "He was MC at a number of rallies and public meetings in the campaign to stop the East-West Link.\n", "In 2014, Quantock became a research associate at the Melbourne Sustainable Society Institute, University of Melbourne, working on the presentation of climate change impacts and resource crises.\n", "Section::::\"Double Disillusion\".\n", "From 1989–1994, Quantock was a weekly columnist for the \"Sunday Age\" and in September 1999, \"Double Disillusion\", a compilation book of these columns and some of his live performances, was published.\n", "Section::::Awards.\n", "BULLET::::- Order of Australia Medal (2015)\n", "BULLET::::- Director's Award, Melbourne International Comedy Festival (2012)\n", "BULLET::::- Australia Council Theatre Board Fellowship (2007)\n", "BULLET::::- Quantock received a Green Room Award for his one-man show \"Sunrise Boulevard\" (1997).\n", "BULLET::::- The Individual Award at the Sydney Myer Performing Arts Awards (2004).\n", "BULLET::::- Quantock was the recipient of the Adelaide Justice Coalition Romero Community Award for his contribution to Australian social justice (2005).\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "Australian comedian", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q7356335", "wikidata_label": "Rod Quantock", "wikipedia_title": "Rod Quantock" }

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"Chatti", "consul", "Mattiaci", "Marcomanni", "Cherusci", "Livia Drusilla", "Tiberius Claudius Nero", "Augustus", "birthday", "Suetonius", "praenomen", "Roman naming practice", "cognomen", "Claudii", "gens Livia", "Tiberius", "Antonia Minor", "Mark Antony", "Octavia Minor", "Germanicus", "Claudius", "Livilla ('little Livia')", "Claudius", "Caligula", "Nero", "Raetia", "Alps", "foot", "Samarobriva", "Amiens", "Tungri", "Rome", "Augustus", "Condate", "Claudius", "Florus", "Batavi", "embarked", "Legiones I Germanica", "V Alaudae", "Nijmegen", "Ems", "Chauci", "Lower Saxony", "Bructeri", "Frisii", "North Sea", "praetor urbanus", "Vetera", "River Lippe", "Tencteri", "Usipetes", "Werra Valley", "Cherusci", "Hesse", "Haltern", "Bergkamen-Oberaden", "North Rhine–Westphalia", "ovation", "Temple of Janus", "Chatti", "Sicambri", "Hedemünden", "Marcomanni", "Maroboduus", "Bohemia", "Lugdunum", "consul", "spolia opima", "Andemantunnum", "Marsi", "Cherusci", "Elbe", "fell from his horse", "Suetonius", "Mausoleum of Augustus", "legionaries", "Drususstein", "Mainz", "Livia", "Areus", "Consolatio ad Liviam", "Ovid", "message of consolation", "Res Gestae Divi Augusti", "Claudius", "Ara Pacis Augustae", "Raetia", "British triumph", "Robert Graves", "I, Claudius", "BBC's adaptation", "Arch of Drusus" ], "wikipedia_id": [ "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "" ], "wikipedia_title": [ "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", 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{ "paragraph": [ "Nero Claudius Drusus\n", "Nero Claudius Drusus Germanicus (January 14, 38 BC – summer of 9 BC), born Decimus Claudius Drusus, also called Drusus Claudius Nero, Drusus, Drusus I, Nero Drusus, or Drusus the Elder was a Roman politician and military commander. He was a patrician Claudian on his legal father's side but his maternal grandmother was from a plebeian family. He was the son of Livia Drusilla and the legal stepson of her second husband, the Emperor Augustus. He was also brother of the Emperor Tiberius, father to both the Emperor Claudius and general Germanicus, paternal grandfather of the Emperor Caligula, and maternal great-grandfather of the Emperor Nero.\n", "He launched the first major Roman campaigns across the Rhine and began the conquest of Germania, becoming the first Roman general to reach the Weser and Elbe rivers. In 12 BC, Drusus led a successful campaign into Germania, subjugating the Sicambri. Later that year he led a naval expedition against Germanic tribes along the North Sea coast, conquering the Batavi and the Frisii, and defeating the Chauci near the mouth of the Weser. In 11 BC, he conquered the Usipetes and the Marsi, extending Roman control to the Upper Weser. In 10 BC, he launched a campaign against the Chatti and the resurgent Sicambri, subjugating both. The following year, while serving as consul, he conquered the Mattiaci and defeated the Marcomanni and the Cherusci, the latter near the Elbe. However, Drusus died later that year, depriving Rome of one of its best generals.\n", "Section::::Childhood.\n", "Drusus was the youngest son of Livia Drusilla from her marriage to Tiberius Claudius Nero, who was legally declared his father before the couple divorced. Drusus was born between mid-March and mid-April 38 BC, three months after Livia married Augustus on 17 January. Gerhard Radke has proposed the date of March 28 as his most likely birthday, while Lindsay Powell interprets Ovid's \"Fasti\" as indicating a date of 13 January. Rumors arose that Augustus was the child's real father, although this has never been authoritatively proven. Claudius, however, encouraged the rumor during his reign as emperor to create an impression of more direct lineage from Augustus.\n", "According to Suetonius, Drusus was originally given \"Decimus\" as his praenomen, the first of a Roman male's conventional three names in Roman naming practice at the time. \"Nero\" was a traditional cognomen (third name) of the Claudii, whereas \"Drusus\" was given to a branch of the \"gens Livia\". Using a cognomen such as \"Nero\" as a first name was unusual, as was the prominence given to his maternal lineage in adopting \"Drusus\" as his cognomen.\n", "Drusus was raised in Claudius Nero's house with his brother, the future emperor Tiberius, until his legal father's death. The two brothers developed a famously close relationship that would last the rest of their lives. Tiberius named his eldest son after his brother, and Drusus did likewise, although eldest sons were usually named after their father or grandfather.\n", "Section::::Marriage.\n", "Drusus married Antonia Minor, the daughter of Mark Antony and Augustus' sister, Octavia Minor, and gained a reputation of being completely faithful to her. Their children were Germanicus, Claudius, a daughter named Livilla ('little Livia'), and at least two others who did not survive infancy. After Drusus' death, Antonia never remarried, though she outlived him by nearly five decades. Three emperors were direct descendants of Drusus: his son Claudius, his grandson Caligula, and his great-grandson Nero.\n", "Section::::Career.\n", "Augustus bestowed many honors on his stepsons. In 19 BC, Drusus was granted the ability to hold all public offices five years before the minimum age. When Tiberius left Italy during his term as praetor in 16 BC, Drusus legislated in his place. He became quaestor the following year, fighting against Raetian bandits in the Alps. Drusus repelled them, gaining honors, but was unable to smash their forces, and required reinforcement from Tiberius. The brothers easily defeated the local Alpine tribes.\n", "Drusus arrived in Gaul in late 15 BCE to serve as \"legatus Augusti pro praetore\" (governor on Augustus' behalf with the authority of a praetor) of the three Gaulish provinces. His contribution to the ongoing building and urban development in Gaul can be seen in the establishment of the \"pes Drusianus\", or ‘Drusian foot’, of about , which was in use in Samarobriva (modern Amiens) and among the Tungri. From 14 to 13 BCE, Augustus himself was also active in Gaul, whether in Lugdunum (modern Lyon) or along the Rhine frontier.\n", "As governor of Gaul, Drusus made his headquarters at Lugdunum, where he decided to establish the \"concilium Galliarum\" or ‘council of the Gaulish provinces’ sometime between 14 and 12 BCE. This council would elect from its members a priest to celebrate games and venerate Rome and Augustus as deities every 1 August at the altar of the three Gauls that Drusus established at Condate in 10 BCE. Drusus' son Tiberius—the future emperor Claudius—was born in Lugdunum on the same day that this altar was inaugurated.\n", "Section::::Career.:Germanic campaigns.\n", "Starting in 14 BCE, Drusus built a string of military bases along the Rhine—fifty according to Florus—and established an alliance with the Batavi in preparation for military action in Germania Libera. He is likely to have had seven legions under his command. In spring of 12 BCE, he embarked an expeditionary force, perhaps consisting of the Legiones I Germanica and V Alaudae, by ship from the vicinity of modern Nijmegen, making use of one or more canals he had built for the purpose. Drusus sailed to the mouth of the Ems and penetrated into the territory of the Chauci in present-day Lower Saxony. The Chauci concluded a treaty acknowledging Roman supremacy, and would remain allies of Rome for years to come. As they continued to ascend the Ems, the Romans were attacked by the Bructeri in boats. Drusus' forces defeated the Bructeri, but, as it was now late in the campaign season, turned back for their winter quarters in Gaul, taking advantage of their new alliance with the Frisii to navigate through the difficult conditions on the North Sea.\n", "As a reward for the successes of his campaign in 12 BCE, Drusus was made \"praetor urbanus\" for 11 BCE when he returned to Rome for the winter. News of Drusus' achievements—navigating the North Sea, carrying the Roman eagles into new territory, and fixing new peoples into treaty relations with Rome—caused considerable excitement in Rome and were commemorated on coins.\n", "Drusus did not have it in him to stay in Rome. In the spring of his term as \"praetor urbanus\", he set out for the German border once more. This time, he assembled a force consisting of all or part of five legions in addition to auxiliaries and, setting out from Vetera on the Rhine, ascended the River Lippe. Here he encountered the Tencteri and Usipetes, whom he defeated in two separate engagements. He reached the Werra Valley before deciding to turn back for the season, as winter was coming on, supplies were dwindling, and the omens were unfavorable. While his forces were making their way back through the territory of the Cherusci, the latter tribe laid an ambush for them at Arbalo. The Cherusci failed to capitalize on their initial advantage, whereupon the Romans broke through their lines, defeated the Germanic attackers, and acclaimed Drusus as \"imperator\". To show his continued mastery of the ground, Drusus garrisoned a number of positions within Germania during the winter of 11–10 BCE, including one somewhere in Hesse and one in Cheruscan territory, probably either at Haltern or Bergkamen-Oberaden, both in present-day North Rhine–Westphalia.\n", "He rejoined his wife Antonia and two children for a time in Lugdunum before the family returned to Rome, where Drusus reported to Augustus. Drusus was given the honor of an ovation, and for the second time, Augustus closed the doors of the Temple of Janus, signifying that the whole Roman world was then at peace.\n", "Drusus was granted the office of proconsul for the following year. In 10 BC, the Chatti joined with the Sicambri and attacked Drusus' camp, but they were driven back. Drusus pursued them, proceeding from the sites of present-day Mainz and , where he set up a base of supply, to Hedemünden, where a strong new camp was established. Around this time, the canny Marcomannic king Maroboduus responded to the Roman incursion by relocating his people \"en masse\" to Bohemia. In summer of 10 BCE, Drusus left the field in order to return to Lugdunum, where he inaugurated the sanctuary of the Three Gaulish provinces at Condate on 1 August. Augustus and Tiberius were in Lugdunum for this occasion (when Drusus' youngest son Claudius was born), and afterwards Drusus accompanied them back to Rome.\n", "Drusus easily won election as consul for the year 9 BCE. Once more he left the city before assuming office. His consulship conferred the chance for Drusus to attain Rome's highest and rarest military honor, the \"spolia opima\", or spoils of an enemy chieftain slain personally by an opposing Roman general who was fighting (as consuls did) under his own auspices. He quickly returned to the field, stopping to confer with his staff at Lugdunum and to dedicate a temple to Caesar Augustus at Andemantunnum, before rejoining his command at Mainz, from which the year's expedition departed in early spring. Drusus led the army via Rödgen through the territories of the Marsi and Cherusci until he even crossed the river Elbe. Here he is said to have seen an apparition of a Germanic woman who warned him against proceeding farther and that his death was near. Drusus turned back, erecting a trophy to commemorate his reaching the Elbe, perhaps on the site of Dresden or Magdeburg.\n", "Drusus had sought out multiple Germanic (at least three) chieftains during his campaigns in Germany (12 BCE–9 BCE), engaging them in \"dazzling displays of single combat\". The sources are ambiguous, but imply that at some point he did take the \"spolia opima\" from a Germanic king, thus becoming the fourth and final Roman to gain this honor.\n", "Section::::Death and legacy.\n", "Drusus was returning from his advance to the Elbe when he fell from his horse, lingering on for a month after the accident, by which point Tiberius had joined him. Shortly before his death he wrote a letter to Tiberius complaining about the style in which Augustus ruled. Suetonius reports that he had refused to return to Rome just before his death. Drusus' body was brought back to the city, and his ashes were deposited in the Mausoleum of Augustus. He remained extremely popular with the legionaries, who erected a monument (the Drususstein) in \"Mogontiacum\" (modern Mainz) on his behalf. Remnants of this are still standing. His family was granted the hereditary honorific title \"Germanicus\", which was given to his eldest son before passing to his youngest. Augustus later wrote a biography of him which does not survive. By Augustus' decree, festivals were held in Mogontiacum at Drusus' death day and probably also on his birthday.\n", "Drusus' mother Livia, much affected by the death of her second son, took the advice of the philosopher Areus to put up many statues and images of Drusus and speak often about him. The surviving Latin work \"Consolatio ad Liviam\" is framed as an Ovidian message of consolation to Livia on this occasion, though it is generally considered a literary exercise \"composed between the death of Livia [29 CE] and that of Tiberius [37 CE]\".\n", "Augustus noted the successes of Drusus' campaigns—for which, as Drusus' superior, he took credit—in his \"Res Gestae Divi Augusti\", written in 14 CE:\n", "Upon Claudius' accession to the principate in 41 CE, his late father Drusus received new public honors, including annual games in the Circus Maximus on January 14 for Drusus' birthday, coin issues commemorating Drusus' victories in Germania, and the restoration of a monument near the Ara Pacis Augustae that featured a statue of Drusus. Claudius also completed a road from Italy into Raetia that followed the route Drusus had taken and whose road-markers commemorated Drusus' achievements in the Alpine war. Such Claudian commemorations of Drusus' memory are thought to have become less prominent once Claudius had his own British triumph to celebrate.\n", "Section::::In popular culture.\n", "He is a minor character in Robert Graves' historical novel \"I, Claudius\", as well as the BBC's adaptation of the same title.\n", "The annual festival celebrating Drusus' death is a main plot element in the second volume of \"the Romanike series\" by Codex Regius (2006-2014).\n", "He is a prominent character in the \"Hrabam Chronicles\" by Alaric Longward (2016).\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- Arch of Drusus\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [ "Decimus Claudius Drusus", "Drusus the Elder", "Drusus Claudius Nero" ] }, "description": "Roman politician and soldier, son of Tiberius Nero and Livia", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q156778", "wikidata_label": "Nero Claudius Drusus", "wikipedia_title": "Nero Claudius Drusus" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Antonia Minor\n", "Antonia Minor, also known as Julia Antonia Minor, Antonia the Younger or simply Antonia (31 January 36 BC - 1 May AD 37) was the younger of two daughters of Mark Antony and Octavia Minor. She was a niece of the Emperor Augustus, sister of Cleopatra Selene II, sister-in-law of the Emperor Tiberius, paternal grandmother of the Emperor Caligula and Empress Agrippina the Younger, mother of the Emperor Claudius, and both maternal great-grandmother and paternal great-aunt of the Emperor Nero. She was additionally the maternal great-aunt of the Empress Valeria Messalina and Faustus Cornelius Sulla Felix, the paternal grandmother of Claudia Antonia, Claudia Octavia, and Britannicus and the maternal grandmother of Julia Livia and Tiberius Gemellus.\n", "Section::::Birth and early life.\n", "She was born in Athens, Greece and after 36 BC was brought to Rome by her mother and her siblings. Antonia never had the chance to know her father, Mark Antony, who divorced her mother in 32 BC and committed suicide in 30 BC. She was raised by her mother, her uncle and her aunt, Livia Drusilla. Due to inheritances, she owned properties in Italy, Greece and Egypt. She was a wealthy and influential woman who often received people who were visiting Rome. Antonia had many male friends and they included wealthy Jew Alexander the Alabarch and Lucius Vitellius, a consul and father of future Emperor Aulus Vitellius.\n", "Section::::Marriage to Drusus.\n", "In 16 BC, she married the Roman general and consul Nero Claudius Drusus. Drusus was the stepson of her uncle Augustus, second son of Livia Drusilla and brother of future Emperor Tiberius. They had several children, but only three survived: the famous general Germanicus, Livilla and the Roman Emperor Claudius. Antonia was the grandmother of the Emperor Caligula, the Empress Agrippina the Younger and through Agrippina, great-grandmother and great-aunt of the Emperor Nero. Drusus died in June 9 BC in Germany, due to complications from injuries he sustained after falling from a horse. After his death, although pressured by her uncle to remarry, she never did.\n", "Antonia raised her children in Rome. Tiberius adopted Germanicus in AD 4 (Suetonius Tiberius 15, Gai. 1., Div. Claudius 2). Germanicus died in 19 AD, allegedly poisoned through the handiwork of Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso and Munatia Plancina. On the orders of Tiberius and Livia Drusilla, Antonia was forbidden to go to his funeral (suggested, but not stated by Tacitus Annals 3.3). When Livia Drusilla died in June 29 AD, Antonia took care of Caligula, Agrippina the Younger, Julia Drusilla, Julia Livilla and later Claudia Antonia, Claudius's daughter through his second wife Aelia Paetina, her younger grandchildren.\n", "She outlived her husband, her oldest son, her daughter and several of her grandchildren.\n", "Section::::Marriage to Drusus.:Conflict with Livilla.\n", "In 31 AD, a plot by her daughter Livilla and Tiberius’ notorious Praetorian prefect, Sejanus,was exposed by Apicata, the estranged ex-wife of Sejanus, to murder the Emperor Tiberius and Caligula and to seize the throne for themselves. Livilla allegedly poisoned her husband, Tiberius' son, Drusus Julius Caesar (nicknamed \"Castor\"), in 23 AD to remove him as a rival. Sejanus was executed before Livilla was implicated in the crime. After Apicata's accusation, which came in the form of a letter to the emperor, several co-conspirators were executed while Livilla was handed over to her formidable mother for punishment. Cassius Dio states that Antonia imprisoned Livilla in her room until she starved to death.\n", "Section::::Succession of Caligula and death.\n", "When Tiberius died, Caligula became emperor in March 37 AD. Caligula awarded her a senatorial decree, granting her all the honors that Livia Drusilla had received in her lifetime. She was also offered the title of \"Augusta\", previously only given to Augustus's wife Livia, but rejected it.\n", "Six months into his reign, Caligula became seriously ill. Antonia would often offer Caligula advice, but he once told her, \"I can treat anyone exactly as I please!\" Caligula was rumored to have had his young cousin Gemellus beheaded, to remove him as a rival to the throne. This act was said to have outraged Antonia, who was grandmother to Gemellus as well as to Caligula.\n", "Having had enough of Caligula's anger at her criticisms and of his behavior, she committed suicide. Suetonius's \"Caligula,\" clause 23, mentions how he might have poisoned her.When his grandmother Antonia asked for a private interview, he refused it except in the presence of the prefect Macro, and by such indignities and annoyances he caused her death; although some think that he also gave her poison. After she was dead, he paid her no honour, but viewed her burning pyre from his dining-room.\n", "Antonia died on 1 May 37.\n", "When Claudius became emperor after his nephew's assassination in 41 AD, he gave his mother the title of \"Augusta\". Her birthday became a public holiday, which had yearly games and public sacrifices held. An image of her was paraded in a carriage.\n", "Section::::In art and popular culture.\n", "Section::::In art and popular culture.:In ancient art.\n", "BULLET::::- \"Juno Ludovisi\", Palazzo Altemps, Museo Nazionale Romano, Rome\n", "BULLET::::- Malta\n", "BULLET::::- Ara Pacis, Rome \n", "BULLET::::- Location unknown \n", "BULLET::::- Palazzo Massimo, Museo Nazionale Romano, Rome and portr-antonia-minor.jpg\n", "BULLET::::- Cossyra \n", "BULLET::::- Cimiez Nice Archaeological Museum \n", "BULLET::::- Musée des Antiques de Toulouse \n", "BULLET::::- Coinage, e.g. , , and \n", "BULLET::::- Harvard University Art Museums ,\n", "BULLET::::- Getty Museum \n", "BULLET::::- British Museum, 'Clytie' \n", "BULLET::::- Baiae Nymphaeum, now at Museo Archeologico dei Campi Flegrei at Baiae / Misenum \n", "For more, see Nikos Kokkinos, Antonia Augusta: Portrait of a Great Roman Lady (London ; New York : Routledge, 1992) .\n", "Section::::In art and popular culture.:In popular culture.\n", "Antonia is one of the main characters in the novel \"I, Claudius\". In the television adaptation of the book she is portrayed by Margaret Tyzack. She is a loyal wife deeply in love with her husband Nero Claudius Drusus. However, she is unloving towards her son Claudius, whom she regards as a fool. Furthermore, after finding evidence that Livilla murdered her husband Drusus Julius Caesar and rightfully believing she was also poisoning her daughter for the same reason, she kills Livilla by locking her in her room until she starves to death. During the reign of Caligula she is so disgusted by the state of Rome that she commits suicide.\n", "She is a leading character in the novel by Lindsey Davis, \"The Course of Honour\" (1997), where she guides and advises Claudius and his supporters.\n", "In the 1968 ITV historical drama \"The Caesars\", Antonia was indirectly mentioned by Tiberius (played by André Morell), who noted that Germanicus was a blood relative of Augustus on his mother's [Antonia] side.\n", "Colleen Dewhurst portrayed Antonia opposite Susan Sarandon as Livilla in the 1985 miniseries \"A.D.\"\n", "Section::::References.\n", "Section::::References.:Ancient sources.\n", "BULLET::::- Plutarch - Life of Mark Antony\n", "BULLET::::- Suetonius - Caligula (Gaius) & Claudius\n", "BULLET::::- Tacitus - Annals of Imperial Rome\n", "BULLET::::- Valerius Maximus, \"Factorum et dictorum memorabilium libri iv.3.3\"\n", "Section::::References.:Secondary sources.\n", "BULLET::::- (edd.), \"Prosopographia Imperii Romani saeculi I, II et III\", Berlin, 1933 - . (PIR)\n", "BULLET::::- J. Minto, The Heliopolis Scrolls, ShieldCrest, 2009\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [ "Antonia" ] }, "description": "", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q229836", "wikidata_label": "Antonia Minor", "wikipedia_title": "Antonia Minor" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Livia\n", "Livia Drusilla (Classical Latin: , ; 30 January 58 BC – 28 September AD 29), also known as Julia Augusta after her formal adoption into the Julian family in AD 14, was the wife of the Roman emperor Augustus throughout his reign, as well as his adviser. She was the mother of the emperor Tiberius, paternal grandmother of the emperor Claudius, paternal great-grandmother of the emperor Caligula, and maternal great-great-grandmother of the emperor Nero. She was deified by Claudius who acknowledged her title of \"Augusta\".\n", "Section::::Birth and first marriage to Tiberius Claudius Nero.\n", "She was born on 30 January 59 or 58 BC as the daughter of Marcus Livius Drusus Claudianus by his wife Aufidia, a daughter of the magistrate Marcus Aufidius Lurco. The diminutive \"Drusilla\" often found in her name suggests that she was a second daughter. Marcus Livius Drusus Libo was her adopted brother.\n", "She was married around 43 BC. Her father married her to Tiberius Claudius Nero, her cousin of patrician status who was fighting with him on the side of Julius Caesar's assassins against Octavian. Her father committed suicide in the Battle of Philippi, along with Gaius Cassius Longinus and Marcus Junius Brutus, but her husband continued fighting against Octavian, now on behalf of Mark Antony and his brother Lucius Antonius. Her first child, the future Emperor Tiberius, was born in 42 BC. In 40 BC, the family was forced to flee Italy in order to avoid the proscriptions issued by the Triumvirate of Octavian (later Augustus), Marcus Aemilius Lepidus and Mark Antony. As did many of those proscribed, they joined with Sextus Pompeius, a son of Pompey Magnus, who opposed the triumvirate from his base in Sicily. Later, Livia, her husband Tiberius Nero and their two-year-old son, Tiberius, moved on to Greece.\n", "Section::::Wife of Augustus.\n", "After peace was established between the Triumvirate and the followers of Sextus Pompeius, a general amnesty was announced, and Livia returned to Rome, where she was personally introduced to Octavian in 39 BC. At this time, Livia already had a son, the future emperor Tiberius, and was pregnant with the second, Nero Claudius Drusus (also known as Drusus the Elder). Legend said that Octavian fell immediately in love with her, despite the fact that he was still married to Scribonia. Octavian divorced Scribonia in 39 BC, on the very day that she gave birth to his daughter Julia the Elder. Seemingly around that time, when Livia was six months pregnant, Tiberius Claudius Nero was persuaded or forced by Octavian to divorce Livia. On 14 January, the child was born. Augustus and Livia married on 17 January, waiving the traditional waiting period. Tiberius Claudius Nero was present at the wedding, giving her in marriage \"just as a father would.\" The importance of the patrician Claudii to Octavian's cause, and the political survival of the Claudii Nerones are probably more rational explanations for the tempestuous union. Nevertheless, Livia and Augustus remained married for the next 51 years, despite the fact that they had no children apart from a single miscarriage. She always enjoyed the status of privileged counselor to her husband, petitioning him on the behalf of others and influencing his policies, an unusual role for a Roman wife in a culture dominated by the pater familias.\n", "After Mark Antony's suicide following the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, Octavian returned to Rome triumphant; on 16 January 27 BC, the Senate bestowed upon him the honorary title of \"Augustus\" (\"honorable\" or \"revered one\"). Augustus rejected monarchical titles, instead choosing to refer to himself as \"Princeps Civitatis\" (\"First Citizen of the State\") or \"Princeps Senatus\" (\"First among the Senate\"). He and Livia formed the role model for Roman households. Despite their wealth and power, Augustus' family continued to live modestly in their house on the Palatine Hill. Livia would set the pattern for the noble Roman \"matrona\". She wore neither excessive jewelry nor pretentious costumes; she took care of the household and her husband (often making his clothes herself), always faithful and dedicated. In 35 BC Octavian gave Livia the unprecedented honour of ruling her own finances and dedicated a public statue to her. She had her own circle of clients and pushed many protégés into political offices, including the grandfathers of the later emperors Galba and Otho.\n", "With Augustus being the father of only one daughter (Julia by Scribonia), Livia revealed herself to be an ambitious mother and soon started to push her own sons Tiberius and Drusus into power. Drusus was a trusted general and married Augustus' favourite niece, Antonia Minor, having three children: the popular general Germanicus, Livilla, and the future emperor Claudius. Tiberius married Augustus' daughter Julia in 11 BC and was ultimately adopted as Augustus' heir in AD 4.\n", "Rumor had it that Livia was behind the death of Augustus' nephew Marcellus in 23 BC. After Julia's two elder sons by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, whom Augustus had adopted as sons and successors, had died, the one remaining son, Agrippa Postumus, was adopted at the same time as Tiberius, but later Agrippa Postumus was sent into exile and finally killed. Tacitus charges that Livia was not altogether innocent of these deaths and Cassius Dio also mentions such rumours. There are also rumors mentioned by Tacitus and Cassius Dio that Livia brought about Augustus' death by poisoning fresh figs. Augustus' granddaughter was Julia the Younger. Sometime between 1 and 14 AD, her husband Lucius Aemilius Paullus was executed as a conspirator in a revolt. Modern historians theorize that Julia's exile was not actually for adultery but for involvement in Paullus' revolt. Livia Drusilla plotted against her stepdaughter's family and ruined them. This led to open compassion for the fallen family. Julia died in 29 AD on the same island where she had been sent in exile twenty years earlier.\n", "Section::::Life after Augustus, death, and aftermath.\n", "Augustus died on August 19, 14 AD, being deified by the Senate shortly afterwards. In his will, he left one third of his property to Livia, and the other two thirds to Tiberius. In the will, he also adopted her into the Julian family and granted her the honorific title of \"Augusta\". These dispositions permitted Livia to maintain her status and power after her husband's death, under the new name of Julia Augusta. Tacitus and Cassius Dio wrote that rumours persisted that Augustus was poisoned by Livia, but these are mainly dismissed as malicious fabrications spread by political enemies of the dynasty. The most famous of these rumors was that Livia, unable to poison his food in the kitchens because Augustus insisted on only eating figs picked fresh from his garden, smeared each fruit with poison while still on the tree to pre-empt him. In Imperial times, a variety of fig cultivated in Roman gardens was called the \"Liviana\", perhaps because of her reputed horticultural abilities, or as a tongue-in-cheek reference to this rumor.\n", "For some time, Livia and her son Tiberius, the new Emperor, appeared to get along with each other. Speaking against her became treason in AD 20, and in AD 24 he granted his mother a theater seat among the Vestal Virgins. Livia exercised unofficial but very real power in Rome. Eventually, Tiberius became resentful of his mother's political status, particularly against the idea that it was she who had given him the throne. At the beginning of his reign Tiberius vetoed the unprecedented title \"Mater Patriae\" (\"Mother of the Fatherland\") that the Senate wished to bestow upon her, in the same manner in which Augustus had been named \"Pater Patriae\" (\"Father of the Fatherland\") (Tiberius also consistently refused the title of \"Pater Patriae\" for himself).\n", "The historians Tacitus and Cassius Dio depict an overweening, even domineering dowager, ready to interfere in Tiberius’ decisions, the most notable instances being the case of Urgulania (grandmother of Claudius's first wife Plautia Urgulanilla), a woman who correctly assumed that her friendship with the empress placed her above the law, and Munatia Plancina, suspected of murdering Germanicus and saved at Livia's entreaty (Plancina committed suicide in AD 33 after being accused again of murder after Livia's death). A notice from AD 22 records that Julia Augusta (Livia) dedicated a statue to Augustus in the center of Rome, placing her own name even before that of Tiberius.\n", "Ancient historians give as a reason for Tiberius' retirement to Capri his inability to endure his mother any longer. Until AD 22 there had, according to Tacitus, been \"a genuine harmony between mother and son, or a hatred well concealed;\" Dio tells us that at the time of his accession already Tiberius heartily loathed her. In AD 22 she had fallen ill, and Tiberius had hastened back to Rome in order to be with her. But in AD 29 when she finally fell ill and died, he remained on Capri, pleading pressure of work and sending Caligula to deliver the funeral oration. Suetonius adds the macabre detail that \"when she died... after a delay of several days, during which he held out hope of his coming, [she was at last] buried because the condition of the corpse made it necessary...\". Divine honors he also vetoed, stating that this was in accord with her own instructions. Later he vetoed all the honors the Senate had granted her after her death and cancelled the fulfillment of her will.\n", "It was not until 13 years later, in AD 42 during the reign of her grandson Claudius, that all her honors were restored and her deification finally completed. She was named \"Diva Augusta\" (\"The Divine Augusta\"), and an elephant-drawn chariot conveyed her image to all public games. A statue of her was set up in the Temple of Augustus along with her husband's, races were held in her honor, and women were to invoke her name in their sacred oaths. In AD 410, during the Sack of Rome, her ashes were scattered when Augustus' tomb was sacked.\n", "Her Villa ad Gallinas Albas north of Rome is currently being excavated; its famous frescoes of imaginary garden views may be seen at the National Museum of Rome. One of the most famous statues of Augustus (the Augustus of Prima Porta) came from the grounds of the villa.\n", "Section::::Personality.\n", "While reporting various unsavory hearsay, the ancient sources generally portray Livia as a woman of proud and queenly attributes, faithful to her imperial husband, for whom she was a worthy consort, forever poised and dignified. With consummate skill she acted out the roles of consort, mother, widow and dowager. Dio records two of her utterances: \"Once, when some naked men met her and were to be put to death in consequence, she saved their lives by saying that to a chaste woman such men are in no way different from statues. When someone asked her how she had obtained such a commanding influence over Augustus, she answered that it was by being scrupulously chaste herself, doing gladly whatever pleased him, not meddling with any of his affairs, and, in particular, by pretending neither to hear nor to notice the favourites of his passion.\"\n", "With time, however some thought that widowhood, a haughtiness and an overt craving for power and the outward trappings of status came increasingly to the fore. Livia had always been a principal beneficiary of the climate of adulation that Augustus had done so much to create, and which Tiberius despised (\"a strong contempt for honours\", Tacitus, Annals 4.37). In AD 24, typically, whenever she attended the theatre, a seat among the Vestals was reserved for her (Annals 4.16), and this may have been intended more as an honor for the Vestals than for her (cf. Ovid, Tristia, 4.2.13f, Epist. Ex Ponto 4.13.29f).\n", "Livia played a vital role in the formation of her children Tiberius and Drusus. Attention focuses on her part in the divorce of her first husband, father of Tiberius, in 39/38 BC. It would be interesting to know her role in this, as well as in Tiberius' divorce of Vipsania Agrippina in 12 BC at Augustus' insistence: whether it was merely neutral or passive, or whether she actively colluded in Caesar's wishes. The first divorce left Tiberius a fosterchild at the house of Octavian; the second left Tiberius with a lasting emotional scar, since he had been forced to abandon the woman he loved for dynastic considerations.\n", "Section::::In literature and popular culture.\n", "Section::::In literature and popular culture.:In ancient literature.\n", "In Tacitus' \"Annals\", Livia is depicted as having great influence, to the extent where she \"had the aged Augustus firmly under control — so much so that he exiled his only surviving grandson to the island of Planasia\".\n", "Livia's image appears in ancient visual media such as coins and portraits. She was the first woman to appear on provincial coins in 16 BC and her portrait images can be chronologically identified partially from the progression of her hair designs, which represented more than keeping up with the fashions of the time as her depiction with such contemporary details translated into a political statement of representing the ideal Roman woman. Livia's image evolves with different styles of portraiture that trace her effect on imperial propaganda that helped bridge the gap between her role as wife to the emperor Augustus, to mother of the emperor Tiberius. Becoming more than the \"beautiful woman\" she is described as in ancient texts, Livia serves as a public image for the idealization of Roman feminine qualities, a motherly figure, and eventually a goddesslike representation that alludes to her virtue. Livia's power in symbolizing the renewal of the Republic with the female virtues \"Pietas\" and \"Concordia\" in public displays had a dramatic effect on the visual representation of future imperial women as ideal, honorable mothers and wives of Rome.\n", "Section::::In literature and popular culture.:In modern literature.\n", "In the popular fictional work \"I, Claudius\" by Robert Graves—based on Tacitus' innuendo—Livia is portrayed as a thoroughly Machiavellian, scheming political mastermind. Determined never to allow republican governance to flower again, as she felt they led to corruption and civil war, and devoted to bringing Tiberius to power and then maintaining him there, she is involved in nearly every death or disgrace in the Julio-Claudian family up to the time of her death. On her deathbed she only fears divine punishment for all she had done, and secures the promise of future deification by her grandson Claudius, an act which, she believes, will guarantee her a blissful afterlife. However, this portrait of her is balanced by her intense devotion to the well-being of the Empire as a whole, and her machinations are justified as a necessarily cruel means to what she firmly considers a noble aspiration: the common good of the Romans, achievable only under strict imperial rule. In the 1976 BBC television series based on the book, Livia was played by Siân Phillips. Phillips won a BAFTA for her portrayal of the role.\n", "In the ITV television series \"The Caesars\", Livia was played by Sonia Dresdel.\n", "Livia was dramatized in the HBO/BBC series \"Rome\". Introduced in the 2007 episode \"A Necessary Fiction\", Livia (Alice Henley) soon catches the eye of young Octavian. \"Rome\" does acknowledge the existence of Livia's child, Tiberius, by her first husband, but not that she was pregnant with Nero Claudius Drusus when she met Octavian. Livia is portrayed as deceptively submissive in public, while in private she possesses an iron will, and a gift for political scheming that matches Atia's.\n", "Livia appears in Neil Gaiman's comic \"Distant Mirrors – August\" collected in \"\".\n", "In John Maddox Roberts's short story \"The King of Sacrifices,\" set in his SPQR series, Livia hires Decius Metellus to investigate the murder of one of Julia the Elder's lovers.\n", "In \"Antony and Cleopatra\" by Colleen McCullough, Livia is portrayed as a cunning and effective advisor to her husband, whom she loves passionately.\n", "Livia plays an important role in two Marcus Corvinus mysteries by David Wishart, \"Ovid\" (1995) and \"Germanicus\" (1997). She is mentioned posthumously in \"Sejanus\" (1998).\n", "A heavily fictionalized version of Livia appeared in the 5th and 6th seasons of \"\". This version of Livia is in fact the daughter of Xena, raised by Augustus to be the military champion of Rome. \n", "Nancy Marchand portrayed Livia Soprano in the first and second seasons (1999-2000) of the HBO series \"The Sopranos\". Like her namesake, Livia Soprano influences the family’s affairs through schemes and intrigues, which culminate in her plot to have Tony killed. Marchand died shortly after the conclusion of the second season, and her character’s death was written into the third season’s plotline. Marchand won a Golden Globe Award (2000) and a Screen Actor’s Guild award (2001) for her work on the series. \n", "Luke Devenish's \"Empress of Rome\" novels, \"Den of Wolves\" (2008) and \"Nest of Vipers\" (2010), have Livia as a central character in a fictionalized account of her life and times.\n", "Section::::Descendants.\n", "Although her marriage with Augustus produced only one pregnancy, which miscarried, through her sons by her first husband, Tiberius and Drusus, she is a direct ancestor of all of the Julio-Claudian emperors as well as most of the extended Julio-Claudian imperial family. The line possibly continued for at least another century after the dynasty's downfall through the son and grandson of Livia's great-great-granddaughter Rubellia Bassa (see below); however, it is unknown whether or not this line was continued or if it became extinct.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- Julio-Claudian family tree\n", "Section::::Further reading.\n", "BULLET::::- Adler, Eric, “Cassius Dio’s Livia and the conspiracy of Cinna Magnus.” \"Greek, Roman and Byzantine studies\" 51, no. 1 (2011).\n", "BULLET::::- Bartman, Elizabeth, \"Portraits of Livia: Imaging the Imperial Woman in Augustan Rome\" (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998).\n", "BULLET::::- Barrett, Antony A., “Tacitus, Livia and the evil stepmother.” \"Rheinisches Museum für Philologie\" 144, no. 2 (2001).\n", "BULLET::::- --, \"Livia: First Lady of Imperial Rome\" (Cambridge, MA, Yale University Press, 2002).\n", "BULLET::::- Beard, Mary, \"Confronting the Classics: Traditions, Adventures and Innovations\" (New York: W.W. Norton, 2014).\n", "BULLET::::- Bertolazzi, Riccardo, “Depiction of Livia and Julia Domna by Cassius Dio.” \"Acta antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae\" 55, no. 1 (2015).\n", "BULLET::::- Dennison, Matthew, \"Livia, Empress of Rome: A Biography\", 1st U.S. ed. (New York: St. Martin's Press, 2011).\n", "BULLET::::- Minaud, Gérard, \"Les vies de 12 femmes d’empereur romain – Devoirs, Intrigues & Voluptés \", Paris, L’Harmattan, 2012, ch. 1, \" La vie de Livie, femme d’Auguste\", p. 13–38.\n", "BULLET::::- Kunst, Christiane, \"Das Liviabild im Wandel,\" in Losemann, Volker (hg.). \"Alte Geschichte zwischen Wissenschaft und Politik: Gedenkschrift Karl Christ\" (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2009) (Philippika, 29), 313–336.\n", "BULLET::::- Winkes, Rolf, \"Livia, Octavia, Iulia: Porträts und Darstellungen\" (Archaeologia Transatlantica XIII, Providence, Louvain-la-Neuve 1995)\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- As goddess and priestess of Demeter\n", "BULLET::::- Portraits of Livia\n", "BULLET::::- Livia: Love and Politics (in spanish)\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [ "Livia Drusilla", "Iulia Augusta", "Julia Augusta", "imperatrice consorte di Augusto Livia Drusilla", "wife of the emperor Augustus Livia Drusilla", "Empress, consort of Augustus Livia", "Empress, consort of Augustus, Emperor of Rome Julia Augusta", "Empress, consort of Augustus, Emperor of Rome Augusta", "Empress, consort of Augustus, Emperor of Rome Livia", "Empress, consort of Augustus, Emperor of Rome Livia Drusilla", "Kaiserin Livia Drusilla Römisches Reich", "Livia Drusa Augusta" ] }, "description": "Roman empress", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q469701", "wikidata_label": "Livia", "wikipedia_title": "Livia" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Jimmy Blanckenberg\n", "James Manuel Blanckenberg (31 December 1892 – 1955) was a South African cricketer. A middle-order batsman and right-arm medium pace bowler, Blanckenberg’s first-class career spanned the years 1912 to 1924. In a period interrupted by the First World War, he played with Western Province except for his final domestic season, which was spent with Natal. For several years he was considered the best bowler in South Africa, a player that could bowl for hours on matting wickets if asked to do so. Twenty-one times during his career he took five wickets in an innings, his best being 9 for 78 gained at Johannesburg in the Currie Cup match between Transvaal and Western Province, January 1921. And three times he surpassed 10 wickets in a match – 11 for 161 in that same match at Johannesburg in January 1921, Transvaal v Western Province; 10 for 102 at Newlands, Cape Town in March 1921, Western Province v Natal; and 10 for 74 at Northampton on the South African tour of England in July 1924, Northants v South Africa. Two other bowling feats are worthy of note. In December 1923, in a Currie Cup match at Johannesburg between Griqualand West and Natal, Blanckenberg took 9 for 75. And in August 1924, in a tour match at Cardiff against Glamorgan, he took 8 for 97 in South Africa’s only innings on the field, all his victims being bowled. \n", "Rather ironically, his highest first-class score was 171 for Natal against his former team, Western Province, in December 1923. In this drawn match, he and A.W. Nourse (186) hit a partnership worth 291 runs. \n", "Eighteen times Blanckenberg represented South Africa at Test level, his debut coming in December 1913 when J.W.H.T. Douglas led England to the first of their four victories on the tour. After failing in that game Blanckenberg then played in every South African Test match from the 1913/14 series against England to their own visit to England in 1924. Although he was generally successfully on this last tour, taking 119 wickets in all matches at an average of 22.40, he failed against the better English batsmen and admitted that \"he could not bowl well on turf wickets\". \n", "Section::::References.\n", "BULLET::::1. \"World Cricketers – A Biographical Dictionary\" by Christopher Martin-Jenkins, published by Oxford University Press (1996)\n", "BULLET::::2. \"The Wisden Book of Test Cricket, Volume 1 (1877–1977)\" compiled and edited by Bill Frindall, published by Headline Book Publishing (1995)\n", "BULLET::::3. \"Who's Who of Cricketers\" by Philip Bailey, Philip Thorn & Peter Wynne-Thomas, published by Hamlyn (1993)\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Jimmy Blanckenberg at Cricket Archive\n", "BULLET::::- Jimmy Blanckenberg at ESPN Cricinfo\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Tochiazuma Daisuke\n", "Tochiazuma Daisuke (born November 9, 1976 as Daisuke Shiga in Tokyo, Japan) is a retired sumo wrestler. He began his professional career in 1994, reaching the top division just two years later after winning a tournament championship in each of the lower divisions. After winning twelve special prizes and four gold stars, he reached his highest rank of \"ōzeki\" in 2002 and won three top division tournament championships before retiring because of health reasons in 2007 at the age of 30. In 2009 he became the head coach of Tamanoi stable.\n", "Section::::Early career.\n", "Born in Adachi, Tochiazuma is the youngest son of former \"sekiwake\" and January 1972 tournament winner Tochiazuma Tomoyori, who was the first bearer of the Tochiazuma \"shikona\" (fighting name). After his career, Daisuke's father became an elder in the Japan Sumo Association with the name Tamanoi Tomoyori and began his own sumo stable, of which his son was a member.\n", "The younger Tochiazuma entered professional sumo in November 1994, using his birth name as a \"shikona\". He had a remarkably rapid rise, winning his first 26 matches (equalling Itai's record) and reaching the \"jūryō\" division in May 1996, only nine tournaments after his debut. At that point he adopted his father's old \"shikona\". He broke into the top \"makuuchi\" division at the end of that year and won the Fighting Spirit prize in his first tournament. In July 1997, Tochiazuma was promoted to the prestigious \"san'yaku\" ranks and was a \"sekiwake\" for much of the time during the following years, although he bounced back and forth a few times due to injuries. He earned 12 \"sanshō\" prizes, including seven for Technique.\n", "Section::::\"Ōzeki\".\n", "After three double figure scores and two consecutive runner-up performances Tochiazuma was promoted to \"ōzeki\" for the first time in January 2002, and instantly won the tournament – exactly 30 years after his father's own championship. He was the first \"ōzeki\" since Kiyokuni in 1969 to win the championship on his \"ōzeki\" debut. He also became the first wrestler since Haguroyama in 1941 to win the tournament championship in all six professional sumo divisions. Tochiazuma's other top division championship victories occurred in November 2003 and January 2006. However, he never won two consecutive tournaments, nor could he achieve an \"equivalent performance\" over three tournaments, which is needed for promotion to the top \"yokozuna\" rank. His January 2006 success brought Asashōryū's record run of seven consecutive tournament victories to an end, but Tochiazuma could manage only third place in the following tournament. It also proved to be the last top division championship won by a Japanese born wrestler for ten years.\n", "Tochiazuma holds the record for the number of times a wrestler has achieved promotion to the \"ōzeki\" rank after being demoted. He lost his \"ōzeki\" rank twice following injuries, but both times he came back by scoring at least ten wins in the next tournament. He is the only wrestler who has succeeded in doing so since the introduction of the current rules on \"ōzeki\" promotion and demotion in 1969. His final promotion to \"ōzeki\" in 2005 was especially spectacular, as even his own stable had suggested that the scapula injury he suffered in November 2004 could have meant the end of his career.\n", "He had great strength as well as technical skill, and was one of the few wrestlers to regularly trouble Asashōryū when he was at his peak as a \"yokozuna\", defeating him six times between 2003 and 2006.\n", "Section::::Fighting style.\n", "Tochiazuma had an all-round style, equally adept at \"yotsu\" (grappling) techniques, and \"tsuki/oshi\" (thrusting and pushing) techniques. Early in his career he was regarded as an \"oshi-sumo\" specialist, and \"oshi-dashi\" (push out) was the \"kimarite\" he used most often overall, but he also won many bouts by \"yori-kiri\" or force out. His favourite grip on the \"mawashi\" was \"hidari-yotsu\" (right hand outside, left hand inside), and he was fond of using \"uwatenage\" (overarm throw) and \"uwatedashinage\" (pulling outer arm throw).\n", "Section::::Retirement from sumo.\n", "At the end of 2006, Tochiazuma underwent knee surgery, leaving him with little time to prepare for the 2007 New Year tournament. He managed only five wins there, but preserved his \"ōzeki\" status with eight wins in March. However, he pulled out of that tournament on the 12th day and was admitted to hospital, complaining of headaches and dizziness. He was diagnosed with high blood pressure and a brain scan revealed he had also suffered a mild stroke. On May 7, 2007, Tochiazuma announced his retirement from sumo. He kept his ring name as he made the transition into his role as \"oyakata\", as \"ōzeki\" are permitted to do so for three years.\n", "Tochiazuma's \"danpatsu-shiki\", or official retirement ceremony, took place on 2 February 2008 at the Ryōgoku Kokugikan, with around 10,000 people in attendance. Coming from Tokyo, he naturally had a huge supporters network in the capital, and the event was a sell-out. He had lost a noticeable amount of weight since his retirement.\n", "Upon his father's retirement in September 2009 he became Tamanoi-\"oyakata\" and took over the running of Tamanoi stable. In July 2011 he produced his first top division wrestler, Fujiazuma, and veteran Yoshiazuma also won promotion in the following tournament. In 2013 the Mongolian-born Azumaryū reached the top division, and he is the only \"sekitori\" in the stable as of 2017. Tamanoi-\"oyakata\" is also a Deputy Director of the Japan Sumo Association, responsible for the running of the regional tours or \"jungyō\".\n", "Section::::Family.\n", "He was married in December 2008 to a 31-year-old former office worker and the reception was held in February 2009. Their first child, a daughter, was born in February 2012.\n", "Section::::Career record.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- List of sumo record holders\n", "BULLET::::- List of sumo tournament top division champions\n", "BULLET::::- List of sumo tournament top division runners-up\n", "BULLET::::- List of sumo tournament second division champions\n", "BULLET::::- Glossary of sumo terms\n", "BULLET::::- List of past sumo wrestlers\n", "BULLET::::- List of sumo elders\n", "BULLET::::- List of ōzeki\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "Japanese sumo wrestler", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q323624", "wikidata_label": "Tochiazuma Daisuke", "wikipedia_title": "Tochiazuma Daisuke" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Jamal al-Atassi\n", "Jamal Al-Atassi (1922−2000) () was a Syrian Arab nationalist, politician and author. He was one of the earliest ideologues of the nascent Syrian Ba'ath Party, which he joined soon after it was founded. He helped to lay out its constitution and was the man who came up with the party's motto, \"\"One united Arab Nation with an eternal Message\".\" He also served as chief editor of the party's daily newspaper, \"Al Baath\".\n", "Section::::Early life.\n", "Dr. Atassi belonged to a prominent political family, and was educated at Damascus University where he earned a PhD in clinical psychology in 1947. He practiced in this field from 1950-1958, in his home town and Atassi political base of Homs, until lured into the public arena by the Arab nationalist movement led by the Egyptian president, Gamal Abdel Nasser. Atassi strongly supported the union with Egypt that formed the United Arab Republic in 1958. Once again eschewing his medical training, Atassi returned to journalism and became chief editor of the pro-Nasser daily, \"Al Jamaheer\" (\"The Masses\") until the union became defunct in 1961. During this time he worked, lectured and campaigned in favor of Nasser. When a coup in Syria dissolved the union, he became a vocal member of the opposition dedicated to restoring the UAR.\n", "This position put him at odds with the country's new democratic government led by Nazim al-Kudsi, and he was a political outcast during those years from 1961 to 1963, when a new coup in March of that year brought to power a more nationalist and unionist wing of the Baath. Jamal's own cousin, the future president Nureddin al-Atassi became Minister of the Interior, and Jamal became Minister of Information in the cabinet of Prime Minister Salah al-Din al-Bitar, one of the founders of the Baath party. He was also voted into the party's Revolutionary Command Council. A mere four months later Atassi resigned after coming to the realization that restoration of the UAR was not a party priority. He then formed his own party, the Arab Socialist Union, an umbrella group of dedicated unionists who wanted to restore the UAR and reappoint Nasser as president of Syria.\n", "Jamal Al-Atassi with Sami Droubi translated Frantz Fanon's book The Wretched of the Earth into Arabic.\n", "Section::::Political Opposition.\n", "In 1970 Jamal al-Atassi supported Hafez al-Assad after the a coup that ousted his cousin Nour al-Deen as president. He hoped Assad would take a harder line on reunification with Egypt. In March 1972, Assad formed the National Progressive Front, a Baath-led coalition of socialist parties. He invited Atassi, who by this time was one of the most venerated nationalists in the country, to join a 13-member committee delegated with administering the NPF's political affairs. Realizing that Assad opposed restoring the UAR or the NPF, he left within a year and formed a new organization, the Democratic Arab Socialist Union. Assad promptly outlawed it and sought to isolate Atassi, who was therefore never allowed to enter parliament.\n", "Section::::Later life.\n", "From that time until his death, he continued to extoll pan-Arabism and worked for this ideal, albeit within the rigid confines of the Assad dictatorship. Together with other illegal parties, his DASU formed the National Democratic Rally in 1980, to act as a sort of mirror version to the NPF. Jamal al-Atassi became its official spokesman. Such was his stature at the time of his death, that Assad ordered him a semi-official state funeral, honoring him as a patriot of conviction and principle. In a family of political giants, Jamal al-Atassi managed to carve for himself a distinct place in the Syrian political landscape, and commanded wide respect among his countrymen despite his continued opposition to the Assad government. He was known as a great political mind with his own views on Arabism and socialism. His death was followed closely by the death of Assad himself in 2000.\n", "During the Damascus Spring (June 2000 through the autumn of 2001), a reformist pro-democracy political discussion forum was named in his honor, until it was disbanded in a crackdown by the Syrian Government.\n", "Section::::Literary works.\n", "BULLET::::- \"The History of European Socialism\"\n", "BULLET::::- \"Socialism: Its Past and Future\"\n", "BULLET::::- \"The Ideology of Karl Marx\"\n", "BULLET::::- \"Gamal Abdel Nasser: The Revolutionary Experience\"\n", "BULLET::::- \"Articles on Socialism\" (With Michel Aflaq and Munif al-Razzaz).\n", "Section::::References.\n", "BULLET::::- Sami Moubayed \"Steel & Silk: Men and Women Who Shaped Syria 1900-2000\" (Cune Press, Seattle, 2005).\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Neville Lindsay\n", "Neville Vernon Lindsay (30 July 1886 – 2 February 1976) was a South African cricketer who played in one Test in 1921-22. He was born in Harrismith, Orange Free State, and died in Pietermaritzburg, Natal.\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Eunice Olsen\n", "Eunice Olsen (born 24 October 1977) is a Singaporean actress, television presenter, beauty pageant titleholder, and politician known for having been the winner of the Miss Singapore Universe pageant in 2000.\n", "In November 2004, Olsen was appointed as a Nominated Member of Parliament (NMP) in Singapore by President SR Nathan, making her the youngest nominated NMP at the age of 27 from the time this program was implemented by the Singapore government. In 2006, she was conferred the Singapore Youth Award for her dedication to the community, youth work and being an inspirational role model. In 2008, Olsen was the proud recipient of the prestigious ASEAN Youth Award and was recently nominated as a Young Global Leader representing Singapore at the World Economic Forum. In the 2010 Youth Olympic Games held in Singapore, she was one of the Flag bearers for the Singapore Flag. \n", "In addition to her entertainment work, she champions causes for people with disabilities, the environment, youth at risks, awareness on cervical cancer and AIDS to name a few.\n", "In March 2009, Olsen was ranked in the top 10 most HAI beautiful politicians in the world by an online poll. In December 2010, US magazine, Esquire, chose her as the sexiest woman in Singapore in their \"Sexiest Woman Alive Atlas\".\n", "Section::::Life and career.\n", "Section::::Life and career.:Childhood and youth.\n", "Eunice Olsen was born in Singapore. She is the only child of Alice Yap and Francis Olsen. A Eurasian Singaporean, her mother is Chinese and her father is of Swedish and Portuguese descent. At the age of three, her parents enrolled her into Yamaha music school where she developed her love for music and performing. \n", "She attended Woodlands Primary School, Singapore, St. Margaret's Secondary School and Anglo-Chinese Junior College. She completed her degree at the National University of Singapore where she graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science and Philosophy.\n", "Section::::Life and career.:Miss Singapore Universe.\n", "In 2000, Olsen decided to take part in that year's Miss Singapore Universe pageant. She went on to win the title and was sent to Cyprus, for the Miss Universe pageant. Deciding to put her title to good use, she approached the National Volunteer and Philanthropy Centre and was directed to the Toa Payoh Girl's Home.\n", "Section::::Life and career.:Volunteer Work.\n", "Her work at the Toa Payoh Girl's Home and Andrew and Grace Home spurred her to seek out other opportunities in youth activities. In 2002, she became a member of the advisory council for the People's Association's youth movement T-Net Club (Teens Network Club). She has also been a member of the Kebun Baru Youth Executive Committee since 2001. \n", "Olsen has also worked with many organisations including the Singapore Red Cross, Worldvision, Habitat for Humanity and the Muscular Dystrophy Association of Singapore.\n", "Section::::Life and career.:Nominated Member of Parliament.\n", "In November 2004, Olsen was appointed as a Nominated Member of Parliament (NMP) in Singapore. Her main role as an NMP was to highlight issues pertaining to youth and volunteerism. In the course of her term she touched on issues like access to public transport for the disabled, legislation for child sex tourism, enhancing supervisory guidance for Voluntary Welfare Organizations and sex education. In the parliamentary debate on Integrated Resorts in 2005, Olsen called for stronger measures to address social problems of compulsive gambling, including mandating a loss limit for casino patrons and to require the casino operator to provide responsible gambling counselling services. She also called for the captioning of the Channel 5 English news programme.\n", "Apart from parliamentary duties, Olsen was involved with organisations like the Handicap Welfare Association and became the National Volunteer and Philanthropy Centre's Youth Ambassador. Her other ambassadorships included Beyond Social Services' BABES program for pregnant teenage mums and the Red Cross national blood program to actively promote the importance of donating blood. Olsen served two terms and remained an NMP until 2009. She did not apply for a third term in parliament.\n", "Section::::Life and career.:Acting & Hosting.\n", "Olsen first came into the public eye in 2002 when she was selected to be the co-host of Singapore's version of the popular TV game show Wheel of Fortune., taking on the role of Vanna White in the Singapore version of the game show. She then went on to co-host 3 seasons of \"FRONT\", an Arts Central production that took an edgy look at the arts scene in Singapore. In 2007, she was a judge on Channel 5's International Emmy Award nominated youth debate program The Arena and on Channel U's biggest talent search show, \"U Are The One\".\n", "In 2008, she hosted \"Rouge\", an award nominated talk show that had themes and trends concerning Singaporean women and featured a mix of celebrity interviews and real-life stories. Olsen made her English acting debut on Channel 5's first long form English drama \"Red Thread\" and co-hosted an exciting men's magazine lifestyle show on AXN, The Duke.\n", "In 2010, Olsen starred in an Okto original production 10-part comedy TV series \"Before I Was Awesome\". She is to appear in a mandarin movie \"Red Numbers\" (红字) that will be released later this year.\n", "In August 2013, Eunice founded WomenTalkTV, a social enterprise. It serves as a resource portal with an interview series hosted by Eunice featuring extraordinary women from all over Asia whose stories are inspiring and empowering. It aims to use online media to celebrate and advance the social empowerment of Asian women. WomenTalkTV plans to release 24 interviews over 3 seasons in a year and thus far, all 10 episodes of season 1 have been uploaded while production is underway for season 2. Viewers are encouraged to upload their own videos documenting how they overcame their own personal struggles or that of other women they know on the portal as well. WomenTalkTV was also nominated for an International Emmy Award in the Digital Program: Non-Fiction category in 2014.\n", "Section::::Life and career.:Music.\n", "With a grade 8 in practical and theory for piano, Olsen started teaching at the age of 17. In university, she was part of a hostel band and was president of the Electronic Music Lab at the Centre for the Arts. In 2004, she released an album in Korea entitled \" Believe \".\n", "Eunice Olsen is part of a duo called \" 7 States \". She is joined by music producer and sound designer Rennie Gomes. Together, they have written a Christmas song, produced a kids album and scored a short film for one of Singapore’s most acclaimed film directors, Royston Tan, titled \" Anniversary\". 7 States has also written a song titled \" Light \" which they dedicated to the athletes of the Singapore Youth Olympic Games in 2010. \n", "7 States recently performed, featuring Humaa Rathor, at the “From Singapore With Love” Benefit concert 2011. This was in support of World vision’s earthquake relief work in China, Myanmar and Japan.\n", "Section::::Brand Ambassador.\n", "Eunice Olsen is the latest ambassador for BlackBerry® Messenger (BBM™), the popular mobile social network for the BlackBerry® community. She joins 4 other ambassadors from the region – Professional footballer James Younghusband from the Philippines, Thai singer Chin Chinawut, Malaysian Designer \"Sonny San\" and former model \"Annisa Pohan\" from Indonesia in the latest BBM™ campaign 2011.\n", "She was also appointed spokesperson for Cosme Decorte’s latest range of beauty products, AQMW, in 2011.\n", "Olsen was appointed in 2009 by Shell Singapore as its \"FuelSave Ambassador\" to help local motorists save more on their fuel expenditure.\n", "She attended the Shell Eco-Marathon in Dresden, Germany in May 2009 and competed against other FuelSave ambassadors from around the world in a one-litre challenge. She emerged second out of the seven ambassadors, achieving an amazing result of 20.8 km/litre of fuel. Olsen has since attended two more Shell Eco-Marathons in Sepang, Malaysia and led a Shell FuelSave Challenge in Singapore in June 2011.\n", "Selected as the first ever brand ambassador for Nescafé Gold, she was the face of the \"Taste It All\" campaign that ran across OOH, press and in-store from 2009 to 2011. \n", "In 2008, Olsen was picked by hair products brand Redken to be its first official spokeswoman for Singapore. A press statement issued by L'Oréal Singapore said she was the perfect choice with her graceful sophistication and perfect marriage of brain, beauty, attitude and style\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Official website\n", "BULLET::::- Eunice Olsen at YouTube\n", "BULLET::::- Eunice Olsen at Facebook\n", "BULLET::::- Eunice Olsen at Twitter\n", "BULLET::::- Eunice Olsen at Flickr\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Fred Susskind\n", "Manfred Julius Susskind (8 June 1891 – 9 July 1957) was a South African cricketer who played in five Tests in 1924. The first Jewish Test cricketer, he was born and died in Johannesburg, South Africa.\n", "Section::::Early cricket in England.\n", "Born in South Africa but educated in England at University College School and Cambridge University, Fred Susskind appeared in first-class cricket for Middlesex and Cambridge University as a right-handed middle-order batsman between 1909 and 1912 before returning to live in South Africa. He had little success in 16 matches in English cricket, with his only innings of more than 50 coming in his first game for Cambridge, when he scored 92 in the match against Surrey in 1910. He did not win a Blue for cricket during his time at Cambridge.\n", "Section::::South African cricket.\n", "Returning to South Africa, Susskind went into business: at his death in 1957 he was reported as having been a member of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange for more than 30 years. He also began playing cricket for Transvaal, and though not usually able to turn out for more than half the matches, he was successful for almost 20 years, and did not make his final appearance until the 1936–37 season. He hit his first century for Transvaal in his first season with the side, an innings of 136 against Eastern Province. Though war and irregular appearances over the next 10 years meant that this start was not followed up on, Susskind finally played a consecutive sequence of matches in the 1923–24 season and in one of these, against Border, he scored 171, which would be the highest of his career. That led to his selection for the trial match for the 1924 tour of England and with scores of 69 and 11 in the match, he gained a place in the touring party.\n", "Section::::Test cricket in England.\n", "The 1924 South African tour of England was not successful in terms of winning Tests, with the five-match series lost 3–0 and the other two games ruined by rain. Susskind, however, did well if unspectacularly, playing in all five Tests and making four scores of more than 50. His style, however, attracted criticism. \"Though he scored so well, he did not command much admiration,\" wrote Wisden Cricketers' Almanack in its review of the tour. It went on:\n", "Considering his advantages in height and reach, he nearly always seemed cramped in style, only on rare occasions venturing to let himself go, and no one in the team was so constantly open to the charge of playing with his legs. This was especially noticeable when he was trying to save the Test match at Lord's, appeal after appeal against him for leg before wicket being made before at last the umpire gave him out.\n", "The Test series started disastrously for the South Africans, bundled out for just 30 in their first innings at Edgbaston by Arthur Gilligan and Maurice Tate. Having become the first Jewish Test cricketer, Susskind made 3 in his first Test innings, the only player to be dismissed with the assistance of a fielder, but improved on that with 51 in the second innings when South Africa totalled 390 but still lost by an innings. There was no such disaster in the second Test at Lord's, but the result was the same – an England victory by an innings, this time with the loss of only two wickets in the England innings. After the South Africans lost three wickets for 17 runs in the first innings, Susskind, with 64, put on 112 with Bob Catterall, who made 120, and in the second innings his 53 was the top score. Wisden noted that Susskind displayed \"endless patience, staying at the wickets for over two hours and a half\". The third Test was marginally less one-sided – South Africa followed on and lost by nine wickets – and Susskind was less successful personally, making 4 and 23. He failed again in the fourth match at Manchester, scoring just 5, but the match was restricted by rain to just two and three-quarters hours on the first day. The fifth and final Test at The Oval was also affected by rain and the first innings were not completed in a drawn match. Susskind made 65, his highest Test score and Wisden noted that he was \"patience personified\", and contrasted his \"steadiness\" to Catterall's \"brilliancy\": Susskind \"took three hours and forty minutes to get his invaluable 65,\" it said.\n", "In the other first-class matches on the tour, Susskind had an unspectacular record, scoring steadily across the summer but not making headlines until the tour was almost over. Then, in late matches, he hit 137 in the match against Surrey between the fourth and fifth Tests. And in a festival match at the end of the season between a team representing the South of England and the South Africans, he hit a second century, making 101 in 130 minutes. On the tour as a whole, he scored 1413 runs at an average of 33.63. The season in England also brought him the only three stumpings of his career and his only first-class wicket, Freddie Calthorpe in the match against Warwickshire.\n", "Section::::Back to South Africa.\n", "Susskind continued to play first-class cricket for Transvaal fairly regularly for the next eight South African seasons, though in some years he appeared in very few games. He did not take part in any further representative cricket and his best season was the 1931–32 season, when he was 40 and when many of the top South African players were on the tour to Australia and New Zealand. In that year, he scored four centuries and four other innings of between 50 and 99 in just seven matches, and he averaged 64.08 runs per innings in making 769 runs. That was pretty much his swansong, though he returned for two games in 1933–34 and for a final one in 1936–37, in which he scored 71 at the age of 45.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- List of Jewish cricketers\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Denys Morkel\n", "Denijs Paul Beck Morkel (25 January 1906 – 6 October 1980) was a South African cricketer who played for Western Province from 1924 and in 16 Tests for South Africa from 1927-28 to 1931-32.\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Ellen Hoog\n", "Ellen Martijn Hoog (, born 26 March 1986) is a Dutch field hockey player. She became part of the national team in 2004 and since then has played in 127 matches, scoring 32 goals. She won Olympic gold medals in 2008 and 2012 and a silver medal in 2016. She is a member of the Amsterdamsche Hockey & Bandy Club.\n", "In August 2005, she became European Champion in Dublin (IRL). In December of the same year she won the Champions Trophy in Canberra (AUS) with the Dutch National Women's Team. She was also part of the Dutch squad that became World Champion at the 2006 Women's Hockey World Cup.\n", "Her father died of cancer a week after the European Championship victory in Ireland. After his death she had difficulties picking up her normal life again, but regained the motivation to start playing when the new season started in October 2005.\n", "In 2012, Hoog became the first player to decide a major championship match with a penalty shootout, taking the winning shot in the 2012 Summer Olympics semi-final against New Zealand. She repeated this feat in 2016 when she took the winning shot in the 2016 Summer Olympics semi against Germany.\n", "The Dutch International hockey player is sponsored by Ritual Hockey.\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Official Ellen Hoog homepage\n", "BULLET::::- Ellen Hoog Ritual Hockey Profile\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Eduard Fuchs\n", "Eduard Fuchs (31 January 1870, Göppingen – 26 January 1940, Paris) was a German Marxist scholar of culture and history, writer, art collector, and political activist.\n", "Fuchs' father was a shopkeeper. Early in his life, the younger Fuchs developed socialist and Marxist political convictions. In 1886, he joined the outlawed political party Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei (the precursor of the modern SPD, Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands). Fuchs received a doctor of law degree and practiced as an attorney. In 1892, he became editor-in-chief of the satiric weekly \"Süddeutscher Postillon\" and later co-editor of the \"Leipziger Volkszeitung\". His inflammatory articles in newspapers—one accusing the Kaiser of being a mass murderer—resulted in periodic jail sentences. During his periods of confinement, Fuchs wrote various social histories utilizing images as one of his primary sources. The first of these was his \"Karikatur der europäischen Völker\" (Caricatures of European Peoples), 1902.\n", "He moved to Berlin that same year where he edited the socialist newspaper \"Vorwärts\". The following year he began his magnum opus, an examination of moral practice, \"Sittengeschichte\", eventually running to six volumes by 1912. While engaged in this series, he followed up his interest in caricatures with one devoted to the representation of women, \"Die Frau in der Karikatur\", 1905 (3 vols). Another book documenting the stereotypical representations of Jews appeared in 1912. Fuchs traveled with the artist Max Slevogt to Egypt in 1914, shortly before the outbreak of World War I. He was a pacifist during the War. Lenin's government put him in charge of prisoner exchange with Germany after the war; he was among the leaders of the German Comintern in Berlin in 1919. His interest in societal concerns in caricature led to a research interest in Daumier. Beginning in 1920, Fuchs published a catalogue raisonné on the artist in three volumes. He resigned from the party in 1929, following the expulsion of several stalwarts. At Hitler's ascension to power in Germany in 1933, Fuchs moved to France.\n", "Section::::Works.\n", "BULLET::::- \"1848 in der Caricatur\". München: Ernst 1898\n", "BULLET::::- \"Die Karikatur der europäischen Völker vom Altertum bis zur Neuzeit\" (mit Hans Kraemer). Berlin: A. Hoffman 1902\n", "BULLET::::- \"Die Karikatur der europäischen Völker vom Jahre 1848 bis zur Gegenwart\". Berlin: A. Hoffman 1903\n", "BULLET::::- \"Das erotische Element in der Karikatur\". Berlin: A. Hoffman 1904\n", "BULLET::::- \"Die Frau in der Karikatur\". München: Albert Langen 1906\n", "BULLET::::- \"Richard Wagner in der Karikatur\" (mit Ernst Kreowski). München: Albert Langen 1907\n", "BULLET::::- \"Geschichte der erotischen Kunst. Band 1: Das zeitgeschichtliche Problem\". München: Albert Langen 1908\n", "BULLET::::- \"Illustrierte Sittengeschichte vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart, Band 1: Renaissance\". München: Albert Langen 1909. Some images\n", "BULLET::::- \"Illustrierte Sittengeschichte vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart, Band 2: Die galante Zeit\". München: Albert Langen 1911\n", "BULLET::::- \"Illustrierte Sittengeschichte vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart, Band 3: Das bürgerliche Zeitalter\". München: Albert Langen 1912\n", "BULLET::::- \"Die Weiberherrschaft in der Geschichte der Menschheit\" (mit Alfred Kind). Erster Band. München: Albert Langen 1913\n", "BULLET::::- \"Die Weiberherrschaft in der Geschichte der Menschheit\" (mit Alfred Kind). Zweiter Band. München: Albert Langen 1913\n", "BULLET::::- \"Die Weiberherrschaft in der Geschichte der Menschheit\" (mit Alfred Kind). Ergänzungsband. München: Albert Langen 1913\n", "BULLET::::- \"Der Weltkrieg in der Karikatur. Bis zum Vorabend des Krieges\". München: Albert Langen 1916\n", "BULLET::::- \"Die Juden in der Karikatur: ein Beitrage zur Kulturgeschichte\". München: Albert Langen 1921\n", "BULLET::::- \"Geschichte der erotischen Kunst. Band 2: Das individuelle Problem. Erster Teil\". München: Albert Langen 1923\n", "BULLET::::- \"Tang-Plastik: Chinesische Grabkeramik des VII. bis X. Jahrhunderts\". München: Albert Langen, 1924\n", "BULLET::::- \"Dachreiter und Verwandte: Chinesische Keramik des XV. bis XVIII. Jahrhunderts\". München: A. Langen, 1924\n", "BULLET::::- \"Gavarni. Hrsg. von Eduard Fuchs\" (mit Paul Gavarni). München: Albert Langen, 1925\n", "BULLET::::- \"Geschichte der erotischen Kunst. Band 3: Das individuelle Problem. Zweiter Teil\". München: Albert Langen 1926\n", "BULLET::::- \"Honoré Daumier: Holzschnitte 1833-1872\". München, A. Langen, 1927.\n", "BULLET::::- \"Honoré Daumier: Lithographien 1828-1851\". München, A. Langen, 1927\n", "BULLET::::- \"Honoré Daumier: Lithographien 1852-1860\". München, A. Langen, 1927.\n", "BULLET::::- \"Honoré Daumier: Lithographien 1861-1872\". München, A. Langen, 1927.\n", "BULLET::::- \"Der Maler Daumier\". München: Albert Langen 1930\n", "BULLET::::- \"Die grossen Meister der Erotik: ein Beitrag zum Problem des Schöpferischen in der Kunst; Malerei und Plastik\". München: Albert Langen, 1931\n", "Section::::Further reading.\n", "BULLET::::- Ulrich E Bach: Eduard Fuchs between Elite and Mass Culture. In: Lynne Tatlock (Hg.): Publishing Culture and the “Reading Nation” . Rochester, NY 2010, S. 294-312.\n", "BULLET::::- Walter Benjamin: \"Eduard Fuchs, der Sammler und der Historiker\". In: \"Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung\", Jg. 6, 1937, S. 346-381; English translation \"Edward Fuchs, Collector and Historian\", in Walter Benjamin \"Selected Writings, Volume 3 1935-1938\", Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2002, p260-302.\n", "BULLET::::- Theodor Bergmann: \"Gegen den Strom.\" Die Geschichte der KPD (Opposition). Hamburg 2001.\n", "BULLET::::- Honoré Daumier, Eduard Fuchs, Shelley Butler Neltnor: \"Holzschnitte, 1833-1870\". München: A. Langen, 1918.\n", "BULLET::::- Peter Gorsen: \"Wer war Eduard Fuchs?\" In: \"Zeitschrift für Sexualwissenschaft\", Jg. 19, Heft 3, Sept. 2006, S. 215-233\n", "BULLET::::- Thomas Huonker: \"Revolution, Moral & Kunst. Eduard Fuchs: Leben und Werk\". Zürich: Limmat Verlag 1985,\n", "BULLET::::- Ulrich Weitz: \"Salonkultur und Proletariat: Eduard Fuchs, Sammler, Sittengeschichtler, Sozialist\". Stuttgart: Stöffler & Schütz, c1991.\n", "BULLET::::- Eduard Fuchs, Karl Kaiser, Ernst Klaar, Klaus Völkerling: \"Aus dem Klassenkampf: soziale Gedichte\". München 1894. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1978.\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Works by or about Eduard Fuchs in the catalog of the German National Library\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "German historian", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q78316", "wikidata_label": "Eduard Fuchs", "wikipedia_title": "Eduard Fuchs" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Cyril Vincent\n", "Cyril Leverton Vincent (16 February 1902 – 24 August 1968) was a South African cricketer who played in 25 Tests from 1927 to 1935. He was later chairman of the South African selectors.\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Cyril Vincent at Cricinfo\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "South African cricketer", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q5200912", "wikidata_label": "Cyril Vincent", "wikipedia_title": "Cyril Vincent" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Brandon Jay McLaren\n", "Brandon Jay McLaren (born July 3, 1981) is a Canadian actor. He made his first screen appearance in the television series \"Just Cause\" (2002). He has been known for his main and supporting roles in shows such as \"Graceland\", \"Power Rangers SPD\", \"Ransom\", \"Harper's Island\", and \"Slasher\". He has also had roles in the feature films \"She's the Man\", \"Tucker & Dale vs. Evil\", and \"Dead Before Dawn\". \n", "In 2005, he gained prominence with the main role of Jack Landors a.k.a. Red SPD Ranger in \"Power Rangers S.P.D.\". Since then, he has had a variety of roles in several films and television series.\n", "Section::::Early life.\n", "McLaren was born in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada to Ira and Denise McLaren. He graduated from Johnston Heights Secondary School in Surrey, British Columbia, Canada, and received a bachelor's degree in Human Biology from the State University of New York at Albany.\n", "Section::::Career.\n", "McLaren was a guest star in the episode \"\" of \"\" and was featured throughout the first season of The N original television series \"The Best Years\" as Devon Sylver, the love interest of lead character Samantha Best. He is also well-known to Canadian audiences for his role of Lenin, Sam's love interest, in the popular show \"Being Erica\", and he portrayed Jamil Dexter as a recurring role on TNT's \"Falling Skies\". He also starred as U.S. Customs agent Dale Jakes on \"Graceland\", Marco on \"Girlfriends' Guide to Divorce\", Danny Booker on \"Chicago Fire\" and Bennet Ahmed on \"The Killing\".\n", "Section::::Awards.\n", "McLaren was awarded the Golden Maple Award for Best Actor in a TV series broadcasted in the U.S. in 2015, for his role on \"Graceland\".\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Jim Christy (cricketer)\n", "James Alexander Joseph Christy (12 December 1904 – 1 February 1971) was a South African cricketer who played in ten Tests from 1929 to 1931–32.\n", "Christy was a right-handed batsman often used as an opener and a right-arm medium-pace bowler, though he bowled less as he got older and almost not at all in Tests. He played in South African domestic cricket for Transvaal from 1925–26 to 1929–30, toured England, Australia and New Zealand with the South African team, and then had two seasons playing for Queensland in Australian domestic cricket.\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Jim Christy at Cricinfo\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Johnny Nelson\n", "Ivanson Ranny \"Johnny\" Nelson (born 4 January 1967) is a British retired professional boxer who competed from 1986 to 2005. He is currently the longest reigning cruiserweight world champion of all time, having held the WBO title from 1999 to 2005, making thirteen successful defences, a record shared with Marco Huck. Nelson also held the British cruiserweight title twice between 1989 and 1997, and the European cruiserweight title twice between 1990 and 1998. BoxRec rates him the 2nd greatest cruiserweight of all time. \n", "Section::::Professional career.\n", "Nelson's 15th defence of his WBO cruiserweight title was scheduled to be against Welshman Enzo Maccarinelli on the undercard for the Joe Calzaghe versus Jeff Lacy WBO/IBF unification bout on 6 March 2006, but an injury picked up by Nelson forced the fight to be cancelled and Nelson announced his decision to retire from professional boxing a few months later on 22 September 2006.\n", "Section::::Life after boxing.\n", "Nelson currently works as a pundit for Sky Television. Since retirement he has spent some time working with the prison service helping inmates with life management skills. He's also played a role in some charity work, agreeing to fight a charity match against Jos Battle.\n", "Section::::Personal life.\n", "Nelson's parents split up when he was a young child and he did not reunite with his biological father until he was in his thirties. In 2010, Nelson published his autobiography, \"Hard Road to Glory\".\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Jack Siedle\n", "Ivan Julian \"Jack\" Siedle (11 January 1903 – 24 August 1982) was a South African cricketer who played in 18 Tests from 1927–28 to 1935–36.\n", "Section::::Family background and personal life.\n", "Born on 11 January 1903 in Berea, Durban, Natal, Siedle was the youngest son of Otto Siedle, who was born in Woolwich, London of southern German stock and who trained as a watchmaker, subsequently emigrating to Durban where he became prominent in the shipping business and public affairs. Otto Siedle's wife Mary became deputy mayor of Durban. Jack's older brother Karl Siedle played first-class cricket for Natal before the First World War, in which he was killed; his sister Perla Siedle Gibson became a well-known singer and a symbol of her country during the Second World War.\n", "Siedle married Lesley Maud McPherson on 14 March 1931, with his cricket colleague Eric Dalton as best man. Their son, John Siedle (1932–2008), played a few first-class cricket matches for Natal and Western Province in the mid-1950s.\n", "Section::::Early cricket career.\n", "A right-hander who played for Natal for 15 seasons from 1922–23 to 1936–37, Jack Siedle bowled occasionally and kept wicket just as infrequently, but his chief value to South Africa was as an opening batsman. He had had no great success when he was picked, in the 1923–24 season, for the match that was the trial for the 1924 tour to England and the 56 he scored in his second innings there was his highest score to that point, as well as the top score for his side, but he was not picked for the tour. For the next couple of seasons that decision was made to look wise as Siedle struggled for runs in the Natal side, not improving his highest score and averaging little over 20 runs per innings. But in the first match of the 1926–27 season for Natal against Border he hit his first century, 114. Two matches on, he did better, sharing a partnership of 424 for the first wicket with John Nicolson against Orange Free State which remains the record for the first wicket for Natal and for the whole of first-class cricket in South Africa to this day; Nicolson made an unbeaten 252 but Siedle's dismissal for 174 broke the partnership.\n", "Siedle was in less good form the following year, though he managed a second century against Orange Free State. He was then called up for the third Test at Durban against the touring England team, opening the innings and scoring 11 and 10. That was not enough for him to retain his place for the remaining games of the series. First-class cricket in South Africa in 1928–29 was restricted to a series of matches around Christmas in Durban, but Siedle took advantage of the match against a weak Border team to hit an unbeaten 212, his highest score to that point, and the innings secured his place on the 1929 tour to England.\n", "Section::::Test regular.\n", "Siedle did well in the early first-class matches of the tour to England: in the second county match of the tour, he hit an unbeaten 169 against Leicestershire, taking more than five hours to reach 100 but then adding a further 69 in little more than an hour. Three weeks later he almost repeated the feat by making 168 against Yorkshire including 20 fours in what Wisden Cricketers' Almanack described as \"an admirable innings\". After that, however, he was forced to retire ill in the match against the Minor Counties and he then missed six of the next seven tour matches, and they included the first two Tests of the five-match series. He returned to fitness in time to be selected for the third Test, but he was not a success, being dismissed for 0 and 14 as England won the match by five wickets. There was no success for him in the remaining Tests in the series, either: he scored 6 and 1 in the fourth match and another 14 in a single innings in the final game. But away from the Tests, Siedle continued to be a regular and reliable scorer, though there were no more centuries. He ended the tour with 1579 runs, the second highest aggregate after Bruce Mitchell, at an average of 35.88, the second highest average after Herbie Taylor. His overall performance earned praise from Wisden: \"Siedle, though a failure in the three Test matches in which he took part, was very consistent otherwise and never looked an easy man of whom to dispose. He watched the ball well and had a nice variety of strokes,\" it wrote.\n", "Back in South Africa in the 1929–30 season, Siedle hit the highest score of his career in making an unbeaten 265 for Natal in the Currie Cup first-class match against Orange Free State. It was at that time and still remains the second highest innings for Natal, beaten only by Dave Nourse's 304 not out in 1919–20 against Transvaal.\n", "In 1930–31, England toured South Africa, and the Currie Cup was suspended. Siedle made 46 and 38 in Natal's match against the touring side, and that was enough to earn him a place in the team for the first of a five-Test series. The match was won by South Africa by the narrow margin of 28 runs and Siedle, with 13 and 35, had his best Test so far. The second Test was the sixth of Siedle's career and finally he was able to make runs: opening the batting with Bruce Mitchell, he scored 141 out of a first-wicket partnership of 260 that was the highest at the time for South Africa in Tests, and set the team on its way to its then-highest Test total, 513 for eight wickets declared. Mitchell and Herbie Taylor also scored centuries in the innings and England were forced to follow on, though the match ended as a draw. In the rain-hit third Test, Siedle made 38 in South Africa's first innings, surviving while four of his partners were out, but he was dismissed for 0 in the second innings. The fourth Test was a tight match that ended in a draw and Siedle scored 62 in the first innings and 8 in the second. And he made 57 and 30 in the final game of the series, also a draw, which left South Africa with a 1–0 series victory; in this match, with the game petering out to a draw, South Africa bowled its part-time bowlers, and Siedle took the only wicket of his entire first-class career, having the England batsman Maurice Turnbull caught and bowled. In the series as a whole, Siedle scored 384 runs at an average of 42.66; he was the second highest scorer for South Africa after Mitchell.\n", "Section::::Hiatus.\n", "In 1931–32, South Africa toured Australia and New Zealand. Siedle was initially selected to be vice-captain to Jock Cameron on the tour. In the end, though, he did not go on the tour, and played very little domestic cricket that season in South Africa. He continued to appear fairly regularly for Natal in Currie Cup and other first-class games over the next seasons, but having missed the Australasian tour, there were no other opportunities for Test cricket until 1935, when he was selected against for the tour to England.\n", "Section::::Return to Test cricket.\n", "Siedle was very much the form player in the first weeks of the South African tour of England in 1935. In May, he made centuries in three consecutive first-class matches, against Surrey, Oxford University and the MCC. In the Surrey game, Siedle was somewhat overshadowed by Dudley Nourse, who hit a century in each innings, but his unbeaten 104 in the second innings and an unbroken partnership of 160 with Nourse set up the declaration from which the South Africans achieved a decisive victory. Nourse was prominent with a first-innings century in the Oxford match as well, but in the second South African innings Siedle shared an opening stand of 164 with Herby Wade and then an unbroken partnership of 205 with Eric Rowan as a high-scoring match petered out to a draw: Siedle's 164 not out was his highest score of the tour. The match against MCC at Lord's was ruined as a contest by rain on the second and third days, but on the first day Siedle had carried his bat for 132 in the South Africans' innings of 297. Wisden reported that \"chief honours\" in the match went to Siedle and that his innings was \"a great feat in view of the previous poor scoring at headquarters\". It went on: \"Siedle, who batted for nearly five hours without giving anything approaching a chance, never took the slightest risk, but some of his off-side strokes and the square and late cuts were perfectly executed.\" Siedle did not keep up this rate of scoring and the three centuries in May were his only centuries of the tour, but he continued to make runs through June and was the first member of the touring team to reach 1,000 runs in the season.\n", "In the first Test at Nottingham, he top-scored in South Africa's first innings with 59, though he was quickly out for 2 when South Africa were forced to follow on; the first innings was played on a pitch made awkward by weekend rain and Wisden wrote that he played \"with commendable skill and steadiness for about three hours\" and \"afforded emphatic proof of his strength in defence\". But Siedle then had a poor match in the second game of the series, which took place at Lord's and which the South Africans won by 157 runs, their first victory in England ever and, as the only decisive result in the whole series, a series-winning victory; Siedle's contributions were 6 and 13. There were better scores of 33 and 21 in the third Test, which was drawn, but Siedle strained a knee in the match. The knee injury kept him away from cricket for three weeks and that included missing the fourth Test, but he was recovered in time for the final game of the series where he made innings of 35 and 36 in a high-scoring draw that confirmed the series win for South Africa. Injured again, he did not then play in any further first-class fixtures on the tour. His record in the Test series of 205 runs and a batting average of 25.62 put him well down the list of the South African batsmen: sixth in terms of aggregate and eighth in terms of average; on the tour as a whole, however, he made 1346 runs at an average of 39.58.\n", "The South African cricket season immediately following the England tour included a series of five Tests against the Australians, and although the series was won rather easily by Australia and there were many changes in the South African team, Siedle maintained his place in the Test side throughout the season. In the first match, he made 31 and 59, in both innings scoring much faster than his opening partner, Bruce Mitchell, but the match was lost by nine wickets. Innings of 22 and 34 followed in the next game which was drawn, largely through a huge score of 231 by Dudley Nourse. The third Test was a very heavy defeat for the South Africans and Siedle, with scores of 1 and 59, was the top-scorer for this side in the match. The following match was an even heavier defeat and a four-day match was over inside two days: Siedle again top-scored, making 44 in the first innings but 0 in the second. The batting overall was better in the fifth and final match of the series, though the result was still an innings defeat: Siedle scored 36 and 46 in this match; in contrast to his style earlier in the series, and in the second innings of this match, Siedle's first innings took more than two-and-a-half hours and his 36 was scored out of a total of 124. In the series as a whole, Siedle scored 332 runs at an average of 33.20 and was second only to Nourse both in aggregate and average.\n", "Siedle played only one further season of first-class cricket for Transvaal after this and had retired by the time of the next Test series played by the South African team. In the 1936–37 season, his last, he signed off with a score of 207 in his final first-class innings for Natal in the match against Western Province. He died on 24 August 1982 in Bulwer, Natal.\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Mohammad Moin\n", "Mohammad Moin (, also his surname could be transliterated as Mo'in) (July 12, 1914, Rasht, Iran – July 4, 1971, Tehran, Iran) was a prominent Iranian scholar of Persian literature and Iranian Studies.\n", "Mohamad Moin studied at the Higher Institute of Science in Tehran and obtained his BA in literature and philosophy in 1934. He subsequently went to Belgium and graduated in applied psychology, anthropology and cognitive science under Elmer Knowles. On returning to Iran he carried out his doctoral research under Ebrahim Pourdavoud at the University of Tehran, culminating in a thesis with the title \"Mazdayasna and its Influence on Persian Literature\" for which he received a PhD with honours in Persian literature and linguistics. He is the first doctoral graduate in Persian literature from the University of Tehran.\n", "He was later appointed full professor at University of Tehran, from which position he was subsequently promoted as Distinguished Professor to the Chair of \"Literary Criticism and Research in Literary Texts\" at the same university. He is best known for his famous \"Mo'in Dictionary\" as well as his contributions to \"The Dehkhoda Dictionary\", a work he did in collaboration with Ali-Akbar Dehkhoda himself.\n", "Mo'in was President of the literature commission of the \"International Congress of Iranian Studies\" and Director of the \"Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute\".\n", "Mohammad Mo'in died in 1971 in Tehran. He is buried in Astaneh Ashrafiyeh, Gilan, Iran. His burial chamber was vandalized in 1981 by vigilantes, thought to be due to Mo'in's ties to the political elite of the Pahlavi Era.\n", "Section::::Awards and honours.\n", "BULLET::::- Academie des Inscriptions et Belles-Letters\n", "BULLET::::- Tamhour from Academie des Inscriptions\n", "BULLET::::- Highest medal for \"Art and Literature\" form French government\n", "BULLET::::- Distinguished Professor of Tehran University\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- Persian literature\n", "BULLET::::- Iranistics\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Kevin Connolly (actor)\n", "Kevin Connolly (born March 5, 1974) is an American actor and director. He is best known for his role as Eric Murphy in the HBO series \"Entourage\", and his role as the eldest son Ryan Malloy in the 1990s television sitcom \"Unhappily Ever After\". Connolly is also a director, having directed many episodes of television as well as the films \"Dear Eleanor\" and \"Gotti.\"\n", "Section::::Life and career.\n", "Connolly was born in Patchogue, New York, the son of Eileen J. (née McMahon) and John Connolly. He is of Irish descent. Kevin graduated Patchogue-Medford High School in 1992.\n", "He began his career at age six, appearing in television commercials, including the popular \"Betcha bite a chip\" campaign for Chips Ahoy!. In 1990, he landed his first film role, as Chickie in \"Rocky V\". Two years later, Connolly was cast as Shaun Kelly in the film adaptation of Myron Levoy's novel \"Alan & Naomi\", and co-starred with Tobey Maguire in the short-lived Fox sitcom \"Great Scott!\". His appearance in the series later earned him a Young Artist Award nomination for Best Young Actor Co-starring in a Television Series. He portrayed Dabney Coleman's son in the comedy film \"The Beverly Hillbillies\". Connolly continued guest starring in television series including \"Wings\", \"Getting By\" and the medical drama \"ER\".\n", "From 1995–96, Connolly starred in \"Don's Plum\" alongside future collaborators Tobey Maguire and Leonardo DiCaprio. Later that year, he landed the role of Ryan Malloy on the situation comedy \"Unhappily Ever After\". The series also marked Connolly's directorial debut when he directed six episodes in its fourth season. In 2007, Connolly made his full-length movie directorial debut with the film \"Gardener of Eden\", which premiered in April 2007 at the Tribeca Film Festival.\n", "Connolly's best-known role is the character Eric Murphy, better known as \"E\", on HBO's show \"Entourage\". E is the manager and best friend of Vincent Chase, who is played by Adrian Grenier. In 2009, Connolly received a nomination for Golden Globe Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Television Series – Musical or Comedy, and in September 2011 the show ended with its eighth season. In 2015, Connolly reprised his role as Eric in the \"Entourage\" film adaptation.\n", "In addition to television work, Connolly has appeared in several major motion pictures including \"Antwone Fisher\", \"Secretariat\", \"John Q\" and \"The Notebook\". In August 2007, he signed on to play a supporting character in \"He's Just Not That Into You\", which was released in 2009. \n", "In October 2008, Connolly was hired to direct his first music video for rap artist The Game, featuring R&B artist Ne-Yo. The video is for the song \"Camera Phone\" from The Game's album \"LAX\".\n", "Connolly attended the 2010 NHL Entry Draft in Los Angeles and announced the final pick of the first round for the New York Islanders. He also directed the documentary film \"Big Shot\", which screened at the 2013 TriBeCa Film Festival and the 2013 Hamptons International Film Festival The film revisits the fraud perpetrated by would-be Islanders owner John Spano in 1996.\n", "In September 2015, it was announced that Connolly would direct \"The Life and Death of John Gotti\" (later renamed \"Gotti\"), a film about infamous mobster John Gotti and his son, John A. Gotti, who succeeded him. Academy Award-nominee, John Travolta plays the former. Released in 2018, it is one the few films to hold an approval rating of 0% on the website Rotten Tomatoes.\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Profile on HBO.com\n", "BULLET::::- Kevin Connolly in the Hot Seat. Interview by Alison Rosen of Time Out New York\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Rubén Baraja\n", "Rubén Baraja Vegas (; born 11 July 1975) is a Spanish retired footballer, and is a manager.\n", "A complete central midfielder with good tackling, technique, and offensive qualities, together with accurate passing and goalscoring ability, he played mostly for Valencia during a 17-year professional career, being an essential figure in five of the club's major titles, which included two La Liga championships.\n", "Baraja was also a consistent part of the Spain national team for five years, appearing in one World Cup and one European Championship and winning 43 caps.\n", "Section::::Playing career.\n", "Section::::Playing career.:Club.\n", "Born in Valladolid, Castile and León, Baraja started his career at local Real Valladolid before moving to Atlético Madrid, where he would spend two and a half seasons with the reserves, first appearing with the first team on 7 February 1999 by playing the second half of a 1–2 defeat at UD Salamanca. In 1998–99, with the B's in the second division, he scored a career-best 11 goals.\n", "When Atlético was relegated at the end of 1999–2000, Baraja left the club in a 2,000 million \"pesetas\" transfer to that year's UEFA Champions League finalists Valencia CF, who were looking to strengthen their central midfield following the sale of first-team players Gerard and Javier Farinós. In his first season he was a key element in the \"Che\"'s Champions League run, as they were beaten in the final for the second year running, this time losing in a penalty shootout to FC Bayern Munich, with the player scoring on his attempt.\n", "2001–02 would see Baraja's first trophy win, where his goals late in the campaign helped Valencia to their first La Liga title in 31 years – he finished as team top scorer in the league, netting seven in only 17 league games after recovering from a knee injury. 2003–04 was another big year, winning both the domestic championship (with eight league goals from him) as well as the UEFA Cup, beating Olympique de Marseille 2–0 in the final.\n", "In 2006–07, Baraja only made 14 league appearances as Valencia finished fourth, and continued to be constantly bothered by physical problems in the following years. After two respectable seasons, often partnering longtime central midfield partner David Albelda, he was again greatly troubled by injuries in the 2009–10 campaign, featuring in only 18 matches (two complete); on 16 May 2010 he closed his chapter at the Mestalla Stadium after one full decade, receiving homages before and after the 1–0 home win against CD Tenerife and being replaced to a standing ovation in the 89th minute. The 35-year-old announced his retirement shortly after, having appeared in 338 first division games over 15 seasons and scored 47 goals.\n", "Section::::Playing career.:International.\n", "Baraja made his debut for Spain on 7 October 2000, in the 2002 FIFA World Cup qualification 2–0 win over Israel. Consequently, he was picked for the final stages, where the team reached the quarter-finals before being sent out by co-hosts South Korea on penalties, though the player, as the year before with Valencia, once again scored on his attempt; he scored from a header during regulation time, but saw his goal disallowed for alleged shirt pulling and pushing in the Korean penalty area.\n", "Baraja also took part in the disappointing UEFA Euro 2004 tournament, where Spain was eliminated in the group stage by eventual finalists Portugal and Greece. He was left out of the 2006 World Cup squad, as his club presence was also diminished due to recurrent injuries.\n", "Section::::Coaching career.\n", "In June 2011, Baraja returned to former team Atlético Madrid as part of newly appointed manager Gregorio Manzano's coaching staff. In the summer of 2013 he returned to main club Valencia, first coaching the youths then the reserves.\n", "On 12 July 2015, Baraja was appointed manager of Elche CF, newly relegated to the second tier. On 6 June of the following year, he resigned after failing to agree new terms.\n", "On 8 November 2016, Baraja took the reins at fellow league team Rayo Vallecano. After only three wins from 13 games, he was sacked on 20 February 2017 as they sat a point above the relegation places.\n", "On 12 December 2017, Baraja was appointed at Sporting de Gijón. Towards the end of the season, he received a four-match ban and a €3,005 fine for preventing FC Barcelona B's Sergi Palencia from taking a throw-in; this included the first game of the play-offs, in which eventual champions Valladolid eliminated the Asturians 5–2 on aggregate in the semi-finals.\n", "On 18 November 2018, Baraja was dismissed after losing the Asturian derby against Real Oviedo, leaving the team in 14th position with a streak of only one win from 11 matches.\n", "Section::::Personal life.\n", "Baraja's younger brother, Javier, was also a professional footballer. A defender, he too graduated at Valladolid, and went on to spend most of his senior career there.\n", "Section::::Career statistics.\n", "Section::::Career statistics.:Club.\n", "BULLET::::- Notes\n", "Section::::Honours.\n", "Section::::Honours.:Club.\n", "Valencia\n", "BULLET::::- La Liga: 2001–02, 2003–04\n", "BULLET::::- Copa del Rey: 2007–08\n", "BULLET::::- UEFA Cup: 2003–04\n", "BULLET::::- UEFA Super Cup: 2004\n", "Section::::Honours.:Individual.\n", "BULLET::::- ESM Team of the Year: 2001–02\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- CiberChe biography and stats\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [ "Ruben Baraja" ] }, "description": "Spanish footballer", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q299488", "wikidata_label": "Rubén Baraja", "wikipedia_title": "Rubén Baraja" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Gary Le Strange\n", "Gary Le Strange is a character created by comedian Waen Shepherd. Le Strange is played as an eccentric English cult-rock composer, songwriter and performer, who believes his surreal and abstract performances to be groundbreaking.\n", "Le Strange's eclectic style of songs are bombastic, upbeat and quirky, in the new romantic style, and on stage he uses avant-garde performance art between songs.\n", "Le Strange appeared at the 2003 Edinburgh Festival Fringe with his debut show Polaroid Suitcase, for which he received a Perrier award for Best Newcomer.\n", "Gary Le Strange continues to perform live, and his most recent album is Beef Scarecrow.\n", "Section::::TV credits.\n", "BULLET::::- \"Comedy Cuts\", 2007\n", "Section::::Theatre credits.\n", "BULLET::::- Beef Scarecrow 2006\n", "BULLET::::- Face Academy, 2004\n", "Section::::Album releases.\n", "BULLET::::- Polaroid Suitcase\n", "BULLET::::- Face Academy\n", "BULLET::::- Beef Scarecrow\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Gary Le Strange website\n", "BULLET::::- More Info \n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q5525449", "wikidata_label": "Gary Le Strange", "wikipedia_title": "Gary Le Strange" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Josefina Pla\n", "Josefina Pla (9 November 1903 in Isla de Lobos, Canary Islands, Spain – 11 January 1999 in Asunción, Paraguay) was a Spanish poet, playwright, art critic, painter and journalist.\n", "She received numerous awards and distinctions for her literary work, for defending human rights and the equality between men and women.\n", "Section::::Early life.\n", "Josefina Pla was born in Isla de Lobos, Canarias, the daughter of Leopoldo Plá and Rafaela Guerra Galvani. She spent her childhood in diverse cities of Spain with her father, a functionary of provinces.\n", "In 1924, she met the Paraguayan artist Andres Campos Cervera in Villajoyosa, Alicante; they married two years later.\n", "Section::::Artistic career.\n", "In 1925, she went to Paraguay and first established herself in Villa Aurelia and Asunción. In that same year, she presented her writings in the youth magazine, \"Speaker of the Writers' Generation of Paraguayan Postmodernism\". From there until 1938, she traveled twice to Spain with her husband.\n", "Her husband died in 1937. She came back to Paraguay a year later and headlined with Hérib Campos Cervera, nephew of her husband.\n", "Throughout her life, she received several awards, gabardines and nominations, including: The Lady of Honour of the Order of Isabel la Católica (1977); the member of the International Ceramic Academy in Geneva, Switzerland; the founding member of the PEN Paraguayan Club; the \"Ollantay\" trophy to the theatre investigation of Venezuela (1984); the \"woman of the year\" in (1977); the Bicentenary Medal of the United States of America (1976); the condition of Counsel of the Vice Minister of the Paraguayan Culture; the National Order of Merit in the commendatory grade of the Paraguayan Government in (1994); her Human Rights defence recognition given by the International Society of Jurists; the Beautiful Arts Gold Medal of Spain (1995), the Johann Gottfried von Herder Medal; member of the Paraguayan Linguistic Academy of Paraguayan and Spanish history; finalist of the Merit Contest for the “Príncipe de Asturias\" award (1981); the postulation for the \"Cervantes award\", top recognition for the Hispanic letters in the years 1989 and 1994; and the \"Ciudadanía Honoraria\" given by the Paraguayan Parliament in 1998.\n", "In the 1950s, she was a co-founder of the New Art Group along with fellow artists Olga Blinder, Lilí De Mónico and José Laterza Parodi.\n", "Pla died on 11 January 1999 in Asuncion.\n", "Section::::Works.\n", "Her work covers the field of literary creation – more than forty titles in poetry, narrative and theatre, the social and cultural history of Paraguay, the ceramic, painting and critic, by which, with justice is considered the highest, fundamental referent in the Paraguayan Cultural Subject in the last century. She frequently collaborated with Roque Centurión Miranda in writing many of her plays, particularly from 1942.\n", "Her dramatic production includes, since 1927 until 1974, \"Víctima propiciatoria\", \"Episodios chaqueños\" (with Roque Centurión Miranda), \"Porasy\" (opera script with music of Otakar Platal), \"Desheredado\", \"La hora de Caín\", \"Aquí no ha pasado nada\", \"Un sobre en blanco\", \"María inmaculada\", \"Pater familias\" (all with Roque Centurión Miranda), \"La humana impaciente\", \"Fiesta en el río\", \"El edificio\", \"De mí que no del tiempo\", \"El pretendiente inesperado\", \"Historia de un número\", \"Esta es la casa que Juana construyó\", \"La cocina de las sombras\", \"El professor\", \"El pan del avaro\", \"El rey que rabió\" y \"El hombre de oro\" (the last three, are children pieces), \"La tercera huella dactilar\", \"Media docena de grotescos brevísimos\", \"Las ocho sobre el mar\", \"Hermano Francisco\", \"Momentos estelares de la mujer (short pieces series)\", \"Don Quijote y los Galeotes\", \"El hombre en la cruz\", and \"El empleo\" y \"Alcestes\".\n", "Her piece about Cultural and Social Paraguayan History includes the following titles: \"La cultura paraguaya y el libro\", \"Literatura paraguaya del Siglo XX\", \"Apuntes para una historia de la cultura paraguaya\", \"Arte actual en el Paraguay\", \"Cuatro siglos de teatro en el Paraguay\", \"Impacto de la cultura de las Reducciones en lo Nacional\", \"Apuntes para una aproximación a la Imaginería Paraguaya\", \"El Templo de Yaguarón\", \"El barroco hispano-guaraní\", \"Las artesanías en el Paraguay\", \"Ñandutí. Encrucijada de dos mundos\", \"El espíritu del fuego\", \"El libro en la época colonial\", \"Bilingüismo y tercera lengua en el Paraguay\", \"Españoles en la cultura del Paraguay\", \"La mujer en la plástica paraguaya\" and \"The British in Paraguay, 1850 - 1870\" (translated by B.C. McDermot).\n", "Section::::References.\n", "BULLET::::- Centro Cultural de la República\n", "BULLET::::- Diccionario Biográfico \"FORJADORES DEL PARAGUAY\", Primera Edición Enero de 2000. Distribuidora Quevedo de Ediciones. Buenos Aires, Argentina.\n", "Section::::External Links.\n", "BULLET::::- Josefina Pla Corral recorded at the Library of Congress for the Hispanic Division’s audio literary archive in 1984\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [ "Josefina Plá" ] }, "description": "Paraguayan poet", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q464474", "wikidata_label": "Josefina Pla", "wikipedia_title": "Josefina Pla" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Waen Shepherd\n", "Waen Origen Shepherd (born 23 October 1971) is an English composer, actor and comedian. Originally from Yorkshire, England, he now lives in London.\n", "Section::::Career.\n", "Following his days as a stand-up poet and fringe actor, Shepherd started out performing bizarre experimental monologues at the early \"Cluub Zarathustra\", touring with spoof techno band and Edinburgh sell-out The Pod with fellow comedian/musicians Tim Hope and Julian Barratt. He hosted the underground cabaret \"Gritty Fingers\" and smashed up Cornish pasties in the guise of ranting Northern madman William Whicker.\n", "He graduated from Oxford University in 1993, with a degree in Philosophy and Psychology.\n", "He went on to co-write and narrate award-winning animation \"The Wolfman\" (screened on Channel 4 and subsequently worked into an advertisement for the Sony Playstation), before writing, directing and starring in his own animation \"Origen's Wake\" for Channel 4's Comedy Lab series.\n", "Since then, Shepherd concentrated on developing a number of comedy characters on stage, partly through his work as one half of Shepherd & Farnaby in their shows \"Animal Pie\" and Peterford Golf Club, and partly through his solo work on the comedy circuit.\n", "In 2003, Shepherd created a deluded monster in the form of Gary Le Strange, melding his love of composing with that of creating original comedy characters. He went on to win the Perrier Award \"Best Newcomer\" (2003) for that debut performance. He achieved cult success, hosting a \"Club Le Strange\" comedy evening at \"The Albany\" in London.\n", "Shepherd enjoys portraying exaggerated or absurd characters, and appeared in two series of BBC2's science fiction comedy, \"Hyperdrive\", as Captain Helix. He has also appeared on BBC Radio 2's \"Out to Lunch\" programme.\n", "In 2007, Shepherd appeared in a short film by Tim Plester entitled \"World of Wrestling\", in which he played 'Exotic' Adrian Street, a wrestler with the flamboyance of a drag queen. He also has had two roles in Series 1 of \"We Are Klang\" as 'The Juggler' and a Hungarian prince. Shepherd played the role of deluded teacher, Mr. Kennedy, in the award-winning second and third series of \"The Inbetweeners\".\n", "Shepherd was cited as one of the Top 50 British comedians by \"The Times\" and he is included as one of the Top 50 Cult Comedian Icons in the Rough Guide series of books. Shepherd's dedication to British comedy has been honoured by the inclusion of his name on the famous Comedy Carpet at Blackpool, under the guise of Gary Le Strange.\n", "Shepherd has written several theme tunes and music for television and radio. He is the series composer for \"Crackanory\" and \"Murder in Successville\", both produced by Tiger Aspect. He has composed music for several films, including the 2015 feature-film \"The Ghoul\" directed by Gareth Tunley.\n", "Section::::Albums.\n", "BULLET::::- Polaroid Suitcase\n", "BULLET::::- Face Academy\n", "BULLET::::- Glamoronica\n", "BULLET::::- Beef Scarecrow\n", "Section::::TV credits.\n", "BULLET::::- \"Action Team\" – Series 1 (Shinny Button/ITV) – Series Composer\n", "BULLET::::- \"Murder in Successville\" – Series 1,2 & 3 (Tiger Aspect/BBC) – Series Composer\n", "BULLET::::- \"Crackanory\" – Series 1 - 4 (Tiger Aspect/UKTV) – Series Composer\n", "BULLET::::- \"Count Arthur Strong\" – Series 1 (BBC) – 2013 Victorian Policeman\n", "BULLET::::- \"The Inbetweeners\" – Series 2 (Channel 4) – 2009 John \"Paedo\" Kennedy\n", "BULLET::::- \"The Inbetweeners\" – Series 3 (Channel 4) – 2010 John \"Paedo\" Kennedy\n", "BULLET::::- \"We Are Klang\" – 2009 Hungarian Prince\n", "BULLET::::- \"We Are Klang\" – 2009 The Juggler\n", "BULLET::::- \"Hyperdrive\" Series Two (BBC2) – 2007 Captain Helix\n", "BULLET::::- \"Comedy Cuts\" (ITV2 ) – 2007 Gary Le Strange\n", "BULLET::::- \"World Stands Up\" (BBC America – 2006\n", "BULLET::::- \"Hyperdrive\" Series One – BBC2 – 2006 Captain Helix\n", "BULLET::::- \"Gary Le Strange\" (BBC)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Comedy Lab: Origen's Wake\" (Channel 4) actor, writer, composer, director\n", "BULLET::::- PS2 \"Third place\" advert, actor/writer\n", "BULLET::::- \"The Wolfman\" (C4) actor/writer\n", "BULLET::::- \"Comedy Nation\" (BBC2) actor/writer\n", "BULLET::::- \"The Net\" (BBC2)\n", "BULLET::::- \"London Shouting\" (BBC2)\n", "Section::::Film credits.\n", "BULLET::::- \"The Ghoul\" (Gareth Tunley, 2017) - composer\n", "BULLET::::- \"Aaaaaaaah!\" (Lincoln Studios, 2015)\n", "BULLET::::- \"The Monster\" (Bob Pipe, 2015) - composer\n", "BULLET::::- World of Wrestling (Ben Gregor 2007)\n", "BULLET::::- \"The Incredibly Strange People Show\" (Powercage Films, 2001)\n", "Section::::Radio credits.\n", "BULLET::::- \"2525\" (BBC Radio 4)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Tittle Tattle\" (BBC Radio 2)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Alice's Wunderland\" (BBC Radio 4)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Lucy Montgomery's Variety Pack\" (BBC Radio 2)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Danny Robins' Music Therapy\" (BBC Radio 4) - composer\n", "BULLET::::- \"Play & Record\" (BBC Radio 7)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Out to Lunch\" (BBC Radio 2)\n", "BULLET::::- \"The Day The Music Died\" (BBC Radio 2)\n", "BULLET::::- \"4 at the Store\" (BBC Radio 4)\n", "BULLET::::- \"The Pod Christmas Special\" (BBC Radio 1)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Exam Slam\" (BBC Radio 1)\n", "BULLET::::- \"The End of the Road Show\" (BBC Radio 4)\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Gary Le Strange website\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "Comedy song writer, electronic music composer, character comedian", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q7959393", "wikidata_label": "Waen Shepherd", "wikipedia_title": "Waen Shepherd" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Albert Dietrich\n", "Albert Hermann Dietrich (28 August 1829 – 20 November 1908), was a German composer and conductor, remembered less for his own achievements than for his friendship with Johannes Brahms.\n", "Dietrich was born at Golk, near Meissen. From 1851 he studied composition with Robert Schumann in Düsseldorf, where in October 1853 he first met Brahms and collaborated with Schumann and Brahms on the 'F-A-E' Sonata for Joseph Joachim (Dietrich composed the substantial first movement). From 1861 until 1890 he was the musical director at the court of Oldenburg, where Brahms often visited him and where he introduced many of Brahms’s works. It was in Dietrich’s library that Brahms discovered the volume of poetry by Hölderlin that furnished him with the text for his Schicksalslied, which he began composing while visiting Wilhelmshaven dockyard in Dietrich’s company. Dietrich was also instrumental in arranging for the premiere of Brahms’s Ein deutsches Requiem at Bremen in 1868. Dietrich’s own works include an opera \"Robin Hood\", a Symphony in D minor (1869, dedicated to Brahms), a Violin Concerto in the same key (composed for Joseph Joachim but premiered in 1874 by Johann Lauterbach), a Cello Concerto, Horn Concerto, choral works and several chamber compositions including two piano trios.\n", "Dietrich's \"Recollections of Brahms\", published in Leipzig in 1898, was translated into English the following year and remains an important biographical source. The Brahms scholar David Brodbeck has theorized (\"The Cambridge Companion to Brahms\", 1999) that Dietrich is the most likely author of the anonymous Piano Trio in A major, discovered in 1924, which some scholars have attributed to Brahms; but Malcolm MacDonald (\"Brahms\", 2nd ed, 2001) has maintained that, if any specific composer is to be sought for this work, Brahms remains the more likely candidate on balance of stylistic probabilities.\n", "Albert Dietrich died in Berlin. One of his students was Ernst Eduard Taubert.\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Kem Sokha\n", "Kem Sokha (; born 27 June 1953) is a Cambodian politician and activist who most recently served as the President of the Cambodia National Rescue Party (CNRP). He served as the Minority Leader, the highest ranking opposition parliamentarian, of the National Assembly from December 2016 to January 2017, and previously as the First Vice President of the National Assembly from August 2014 to October 2015. He represented Kampong Cham as its Member of Parliament (MP) from 2008 to 2017. From 2007 to 2012, Sokha was the leader of the Human Rights Party, which he founded.\n", "He was arrested and imprisoned at a detention centre in Tbong Khmum Province on 3 September 2017 under allegations of treason. In November 2017, the CNRP was dissolved, and 118 of its members, including Sokha, were banned from politics for five years. On 10 September 2018, more than a year after his arrest, he was released on bail, and subsequently placed under house arrest.\n", "Section::::Education.\n", "Kem Sokha pursued a law degree at the Royal University of Law and Economics in Phnom Penh, but dropped out in his second year before receiving a scholarship to Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic) in 1981. He studied at the University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, and graduated with a Master of Science degree in Chemistry in 1986.\n", "Section::::Political career.\n", "His political career began in 1993, when he was elected a representative for Takéo Province; at that time he was a member of Son Sann's Buddhist Liberal Democratic Party. In 1999, he joined the royalist FUNCINPEC and subsequently elected a senator. He resigned from his Senate seat in 2001. In 2002, he founded the Cambodian Center for Human Rights but left that organisation to join politics in 2005. He founded the Human Rights Party, which came third in the 2008 elections.\n", "Kem Sokha is well known for his weekly town hall meetings at local level throughout the country. He was the first to introduce a free and open forum discussing issues concerning civic and political rights, as well as social and economic development, at village level in Cambodia. Kem Sokha is known for his non-violent, political tolerant policy standing on democratic and unity principles. His words are often quoted and repeated by ordinary Cambodians. His phrase \"Do Min Do\" (literal translation to English: \"Change or no change\") became the anthem for the Cambodia National Rescue Party's election Campaign in July 2013, which drew an unprecedented amount of youth participation.\n", "On 26 August 2014, Sokha was elected by the National Assembly as its First Vice President with 116 votes, the first opposition MP to hold the office. On 30 October 2015, he was ousted from the vice presidency by a vote of 68–0 following disagreements with the ruling party. On 9 September 2016, after months under house arrest, Sokha was sentenced to five months in prison after refusing to appear in court for questioning in a prostitution case against him. He was later granted a royal pardon by King Norodom Sihamoni. Following his release, he was officially appointed as Minority Leader. However, the positions of Minority Leader and Majority Leader were abolished altogether by the National Assembly on 31 January 2017 following a proposal by Prime Minister Hun Sen.\n", "On 2 March 2017, Sokha was elected President of the Cambodia National Rescue Party at the party's congress, along with three other deputies. Under his leadership, the party made sweeping gains in the June 2017 local elections, winning 482 of 1,646 communes.\n", "Section::::Political career.:Treason allegations.\n", "In September 2017, the Phnom Penh Municipal Court charged Sokha with \"treason and espionage\", and for allegedly orchestrating the 2014 Veng Sreng street protests. He was arrested at his home on September 3, 2017. Hun Sen and other Cambodian government officials alleged that Sokha was conspiring with the United States of America. Sokha's lawyers have alleged violations of their client's rights under Article 149 of the Criminal Procure Code. He was released on bail on 10 September 2018, more than a year after his arrest, but was placed under house arrest.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- Cambodian Center for Human Rights\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Kem Sokha\n", "BULLET::::- Kem Sokha on Facebook\n", "BULLET::::- Human Rights Party\n", "BULLET::::- Cambodia National Rescue Party\n", "BULLET::::- CCHR - Cambodian Center for Human Rights website\n", "BULLET::::- Newsweek article\n", "BULLET::::- Cambodia arrests rights activist, Guy De Launey, BBC, Phnom Penh\n", "BULLET::::- Working Group for an ASEAN Human Rights Mechanism\n", "BULLET::::- Institute of Chemical Technology\n", "BULLET::::- Cambodian Leader Cracks Down in Bid to Solidify Power--New York Times\n", "BULLET::::- BBC: While in U.S., Cambodians Get a Lesson on Rights From Home\n", "BULLET::::- Cambodian Center for Human Rights\n", "|-\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Ann Taylor (poet)\n", "Ann Taylor (30 January 1782 – 20 December 1866) was an English poet and literary critic. She gained long-lasting popularity in her youth as a writer of verse for children. In the years immediately before her marriage, she became an astringent literary critic. However, she is best remembered as the elder sister and collaborator of Jane Taylor.\n", "Section::::Family.\n", "The Taylor sisters were part of an extensive literary family, daughters of the engraver Isaac Taylor and the writer Ann Taylor. Ann was born in Islington and lived with her family at first in London and later in Lavenham, Suffolk, in Colchester, and briefly in Ongar. The sisters' father, Isaac Taylor, was, like his own father, an engraver. He later became an educational pioneer and Independent minister and wrote a number of instructional books for the young. Their mother, Mrs (Ann Martin) Taylor (1757–1830) wrote seven works of moral and religious advice – in many respects liberal for their time – two of them fictionalized.\n", "Ann and Jane's brothers, Isaac and Jefferys, also wrote, the former being a theologian, but also the inventor of a patent beer tap. The elder brother Charles Taylor edited \"The Literary Panorama\", for which he wrote on topics from art to politics, and produced anonymously a massive annotated translation of Augustin Calmet's \"Dictionary of the Bible\". His younger brother Josiah was a publisher, chiefly of works on architecture and design.\n", "Section::::Authorship.\n", "The sisters and their authorship of various works have often been confused, usually to Jane's advantage. This is in part because their early works for children were published together and without attribution, but also because Jane, by dying young at the height of her powers, unwittingly attracted early posthumous eulogies, including what is almost a hagiography by her brother Isaac, and much of Ann's work came to be ascribed to Jane, a borrowing which, Ann ruefully remarked, she could ill afford and which Jane certainly did not require. It is true that Jane achieved much more than Ann as a writer of poetry for an adult readership – though Ann's poem \"The Maniac's Song\", published in the \"Associate Minstrels\" (1810), was probably the finest short poem by either sister, and it has even been postulated as an inspiration for Keats's La Belle Dame sans Merci (Lynette Felber: Ann Taylor's \"The Maniac's Song\": an unacknowledged source for Keats's \"La Belle Dame sans Merci\".\n", "However, Ann also deserves remembering as a writer of prose, particularly by her autobiography and by the many letters of hers that survive. Her style is strong and vivid, and when she was not too preoccupied with moral and religious themes, she tended, like her sister Jane, to pessimism about her own spiritual worth – it is often shot through with a pleasing and sometimes acerbic wit. The autobiography also provides much detailed and intriguing information about the life of a moderately prosperous dissenting family in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.\n", "Section::::Appreciations.\n", "Ann Taylor's son, Josiah Gilbert, wrote: \"Two little poems – 'My Mother', and 'The Star', are perhaps, more frequently quoted than any. The first, a lyric of life, was by Ann, the second, of nature, by Jane; and they illustrate this difference between the sisters.\" Both poems attracted the compliment of frequent parody throughout the 19th century. The logician Augustus De Morgan asserted (somewhat extravagantly) that Gilbert's mother wrote \"one of the most beautiful lyrics in the English language, or any other language\" and not knowing that Ann Gilbert was still alive, called upon Tennyson to supply a less heterodox version of the final stanza, which seemed to de Morgan unworthy of the rest.\n", "\"Original Poems for Infant Minds by several young persons\" (by Ann and Jane and others) was first issued in two volumes in 1804 and 1805. \"Rhymes for the Nursery\" followed in 1806, and \"Hymns for Infant Minds\" in 1808. In \"Original Poems for Infant Minds\" the authors were identified for each poem, which in \"Rhymes for the Nursery\" (1806) they were not. Attributions for the sisters' poems can be found in an exceptional Taylor resource: \"The Taylors of Ongar: An Analytical Bio-Bibliography\" by Christina Duff Stewart. Stewart cites a copy of \"Rhymes for the Nursery\" belonging to a nephew, Canon Isaac Taylor, annotated to indicate the respective authorship of Ann and Jane. Stewart also confirms attributions of \"Original Poems\" based on publisher's records.\n", "Section::::Marriage and widowhood.\n", "On 24 December 1813, Ann married Joseph Gilbert, an Independent (later Congregational) minister and theologian, and left Ongar to make a new home far from her family, at Masborough near Rotherham. A widower of 33, Gilbert had proposed to Ann before he had even met her, forming a sound estimation of her character and intelligence from her writings, particularly as a trenchant critic in \"The Eclectic Review\". Gilbert was, at the time of their marriage, the classics tutor at Rotherham Independent College – the nearest thing to a university open to Dissenters at that time – and simultaneously pastor of the Nether Chapel in Sheffield. In 1817, he moved to the pastorate of the Fish Street Chapel in Hull and then, in 1825, to Nottingham, serving in chapels in that city for the rest of his life.\n", "Kept busy with the duties of wife and later mother, Ann Gilbert still managed to write poems, hymns, essays and letters. Her interest in public matters, such as atheism, prison reform and the anti-slavery movement, often spurred her to take up her pen, and the results found a way into print. Oddly for one of such independence of mind and strongly held, usually liberal opinions, she was firmly opposed to female suffrage.\n", "After Gilbert died on 12 December 1852, Ann wrote a memoir of him. Nor did she spend the rest of her long life in gentle retirement. While actively supporting the members of her large family through visits and a stream of letters – family was always of central concern to the Taylors – she travelled widely in many parts of Britain, taking in her stride as an old lady travelling conditions that might have daunted one much younger. She died on 20 December 1866 and was buried next to her husband in Nottingham General Cemetery, although the inscription recording this on the vast Gothic sarcophagus has disappeared.\n", "Section::::Bibliography.\n", "BULLET::::- Taylor, Ann. \"The Autobiography and Other Memorials of Mrs Gilbert, Formerly Ann Taylor\". Ed. Josiah Gilbert. London: Henry S. King & Co., 1874.\n", "BULLET::::- \"Memoirs, Correspondence and Poetical Remains of Jane Taylor\" Volume I of \"The Writings of Jane Taylor, In Five Volumes\": Boston: Perkins & Marvin, 1832.\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Manuel Lacunza\n", "Manuel De Lacunza, S.J. (July 19, 1731 – c. June 18, 1801) was a Jesuit priest who used the pseudonym Juan Josafat Ben-Ezra in his main work on the interpretation of the prophecies of the Bible, which was entitled \"The Coming of the Messiah in Majesty and Glory.\"\n", "Section::::Biography.\n", "The son of Charles and Josefa Diaz, wealthy merchants engaged in colonial trade between Lima and Chile, Manuel entered the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) in 1747. After the usual Jesuit training he was ordained to the priesthood in 1766 but began his service as a teacher of grammar in the in the Chilean capital, where he gained moderate fame as a pulpit orator.\n", "In 1767 King Charles III of Spain expelled the Jesuits from Spain and its possessions, (including South America) and Lacunza was sent into exile, first in Cadiz, Spain, and then in the Italian town of Imola, near Bologna in central Italy, where he found refuge with other Chilean Jesuits. Charles threatened to withdraw his subsidy of 100 piastres per annum if any Jesuit wrote in self-defence or in criticism of this move. Lacunza's life as a priest-in-exile was made more difficult when the next pope, Pope Clement XIV, issued the brief, Dominus ac Redemptor, which banned Jesuits from celebrating Mass or other sacraments. In addition, his family in Chile fell on hard times and the remittances on which Lacunza relied became increasingly scarce.\n", "During this time, Lacunza began an intensive programme of study, first of the Church Fathers and then of Biblical prophecies. He read all the commentaries available to him and after 1779 restricted his study solely to the Scriptures.\n", "After five years of communal living with the other exiled Jesuits, Lacunza retired to a house on the outskirts of Imola where he lived alone, apart from a mysterious person whom he calls in his letters, \"my good mulatto\". During this time some of his Jesuit colleagues described him as \"a man whose retirement from the world, his parsimonious way of life, the neglect of his own person, even from the comforts necessary to human life, and his indefatigable application to study, earned him the respect and admiration of all\".\n", "In 1773 Lacunza received another blow when, by the bull \"Dominus ac Redemptor\", the pope dissolved the Jesuit order in return for territorial concessions by France and Spain who were threatening the Papal States, the so-called \"Patrimony of St Peter\". Thus, by decree, Lacunza was reduced to a secular status.\n", "Combined with the theological and Biblical study he had undertaken, this personal trauma led Lacunza to adopt a millenarial view of the near future. His developing ideas were first published in a 22-page tract known as \"The Anonymous Millennium\" which was widely circulated in South America (there is evidence that Lacunza did not authorise this publication and was annoyed by it). The tract gave rise to heated public debate, particularly in Buenos Aires. Lacunza's opponents denounced him to the Inquisition, which banned the booklet.\n", "In 1790 Lacunza completed the three volumes of his major work, \"The Coming of the Messiah in Glory and Majesty\" (La venida del Mesías en gloria y majestad). Recognising that royal patronage was the surest guarantee that his work would be published and that he would be protected against his enemies, he made repeated attempts to obtain approval by the Spanish court, but in this he was unsuccessful. However his book circulated in manuscript form in Spain and in the whole of South America.\n", "The exact date of his death is uncertain because his body was found in a pit beside a road some distance from Imola. At the time it was assumed that the septuagenarian priest had died of natural causes while on one of his solitary walks.\n", "Section::::The fate of his work.\n", "Despite the prohibition of the Inquisition, \"La venida del Mesías en gloria y majestad\" was secretly printed in Cadiz in 1810 or 1811 under the Jewish pseudonym of Rabbi Juan Josaphat ben-Ezra. A second edition was printed in Spain in 1812 and a third, in Castilian and funded by the Argentine General Manuel Belgrano, was published in London in 1816. In the same year the book was denounced before the Spanish courts and on January 15, 1819, the Spanish Inquisition ordered that the book be removed from circulation. Further editions were printed in Mexico in 1821/1822, in Paris in 1825, and again in London in 1826.\n", "In September 1824 Pope Leo XII placed it on the Index of Prohibited Books. Those who opposed the book expressed particular concern about the appeal Lacunza's ideas exerted among the more conservative and active clergy. A pamphlet denouncing Lacunza's book, published in Madrid in 1824, was subtitled, \"Observations to Guard the Public against the Seduction the Work can Cause\".\n", "Following the book's publication in London, the Rev Edward Irving, who formed the Catholic Apostolic Church after being disfellowshiped from the Presbyterian Church, came across Lacunza's work. He had already begun to learn Spanish by allowing a refugee Spanish officer to tutor him as a way of helping the man. He was so impressed by Lacunza's work that he spent the summer of 1826 translating it into English. In 1827 his two-volume translation was published under the title \"The Coming of the Messiah in Majesty and Glory\".\n", "Section::::Lacunza's Ideas.\n", "Lacunza believed that he had made some \"' . . . new discoveries, in a subject which certainly is not one of mere curiosity, but of the greatest interest.'\" The first of these \"new discoveries\" was that \"' . . . I am not of the opinion that the world – that is, the material bodies or celestial globes that God has created (among which is the one on which we live) – has to have an end, or return to chaos or nothingness from which it came forth.\"' He protested against the common teaching that at the end of the world, the earth would be consumed by fire and quoting from an Apocryphal Wisdom of Solomon text, which is found in Catholic Bibles, but not in Protestant Bibles, declared:\n", "\"\"'How can it be a universal fire which burneth up and consumeth every thing without exception upon our globe, and the globe itself, when the scripture saith, \"'Then shall the right aiming thunderbolts go abroad; and from the clouds, as from a well drawn bow, shall they fly to the mark - Wisdom 21.'\" Secondly, Lacunza concluded that the Biblical expressions \"end of the age\" and \"end of the world\" refer to two different times. He understood the \"end of the age\" or \"day of the Lord\" as merely the end of a phase of human history that would be closed by the coming of Christ and the beginning of His kingdom on Earth. At this time the living would be judged and the Jews converted, after which a new society would be established for a thousand-year reign of justice and peace. \"El Terino (a very learned author) . . . His words are these: \"'But it shall be fully accomplished towards the end of the world, in the general conversion of all the Jews unto Christ.'\" That which is here declared and avowed by this learned man, is substantially the same which I say, with this only difference, that I place \"after the end of the age,\" the same event which he without any reason pretends to place \"towards the end of the world.\" . . . along with this great event announced in almost all the scriptures, you shall likewise find at the end of this present earth, or which is the same, the end of the day of men, which the Lord so frequently called the consummation of this age; and immediately after this day, you shall find that of the Lord, the age to come, the kingdom of God, the new earth and the new heavens,wherein dwelleth righteousness, peace, love, and uniformity in the same faith, in the same worship, in the same laws and customs, a uniformity of language among all the peoples, tribes, and families of the whole earth\" While the \"end of the world\" will be marked by the resurrection of the dead and the Last Judgement, this event would take place after the thousand years of Christ's pacific earthly kingdom, at which the dragon would then be loosed, so that the nations might once again be deceived, at which fire then comes down from heaven and consumes the dragon, the beast and the false prophet in the 'lake of fire\" (Rev. 20:9,10). After this, the \"last judgment, the ultimate sentence\" of the \"second death\" takes place before the throne of God, as described in Revelation 22:11, at which \"' . . . the greatness, the majesty, the infinite sovereignty of that throne and of the supreme prince who sitteth theron, before whose presence, and in whose sight the heaven and earth should flee away and hide themselves, with all who dwell, and all are found therein.\"' According to Lacunza:\"If the xxth chapter of the Apocalypse is to be literally understood, Jesus Christ himself with all his saints now risen, ought actually to reign in Jerusalem over the whole orb of the earth, and that for a thousand years . . . It ought then be admitted, that those thousand years of the pacific kingdom of Jesus Christ, being passed into innocence, in goodness, and righteousness, the dragon will once again be loosed, and will return to deceive the whole world . . . What wonder then, if after a thousand years, (or, if you please, a hundred thousand) of righteousness and goodness, the world should once more come to be perverted? . . . Nevertheless, among these individual things pertaining to this very mystery, I find only one which I am not ignorant of, nor can fail to perceive, which is, the circumstance of the time at which the whole mystery shall come to pass. I mean that the whole mystery, or which is the same thing, the resurrection of all the individuals of Adam's race, the last judgment, the ultimate sentence, and the execution of this ultimate sentence, cannot take place immediately upon and in the very natural day of the coming in glory and majesty of our Lord Jesus Christ; because that idea is visibly and evidently repugnant to the text of St. John [in the book of Revelation].\" \n", "Section::::Lacunza's postition on the identification of the Antichrist.\n", "Lacunza's interpretation of Biblical prophecy led him to believe that during the period before the \"day of the Lord\" there would be an apostasy within the Catholic Church which would make it part of a general system which he labelled Antichrist, in the sense that there would be a general \"falling away\" in doctrine among the churches, resulting in moral apostasy. In this sense the Antichrist would be composed of \"' . . . a moral antichristian body, composed of many individuals . . . animated by the same spirit\",\" which would consist of \"' . . . seven false religions [that] should unite to make war against the body of Christ, and against Christ himself'\" \"-\" which was in accordance with his personal interpretation of Revelation 13:1. As this view placed the Catholic church firmly within this antichrist system, \"'It would also guarantee that the Vatican would condemn Lacunza's book, putting it on its index of forbidden books! '\" In \"The Coming of the Messiah in Majesty and Glory,\" Lacunza compared his views on the Antichrist - that Antichrist was a general moral apostasy within the churches - with what he declared to be the \"'universally recognized\"' view of his day: \n", "\"\"\"This Antichrist is universally recognized as a king, or most potent monarch . . . It is commonly said, that he will take his origin from the Jews, and from the tribe of Dan . . . shall feign himself Messiah, and begin to perform so many and such stupendous works, that the fame thereof being soon spread abroad, the Jews shall fly from all parts of the world, and from all the tribes, to join themselves to him, and offer him their services . . . After Antichrist shall have conquered Jerusalem, he shall, with great ease, conquer the rest of the earth . . . The ambition of this miserable and vilest Jew, shall not rest satisfied, by becoming the universal king of the whole earth . . . but he shall immediately enter into the impious and sacrilegious thought of making himself God, and the only God of the whole earth . . . Whereupon shall arise the most terrible, the most cruel perilous persecution against the church of Jesus Christ; and it shall last for three years and a half . . .Upon his death the church, and the whole world, shall begin to breathe again, every thing reverting to a perfect calm, and a universal joy. The Bishops, who had concealed themselves in mountains, shall return and resume their sees, accompanied by their clergy and some other Christian families, who had followed them in their voluntary exile. At this time shall come to pass, the conversion of the Jews, according to the universal spirit of the converters, \" \n", "Although this view - that the Antichrist was an individual who would be a Jew - was first formed by fellow Jesuit Francisco Ribera in the latter part of the sixteenth century, this was a far from \"universal\" view on the identity of the Antichrist, as until this time it had been completely rejected by Protestants.\n", "\"\"\"In 1540, Basque knight Ignatius Loyola and a handful of followers received permission from Pope Pius III to form the order of the Jesuits, who would provide shock troops for an intellectual assault on Protestant beliefs. While the Roman curia maintained its traditional Augustinian reticence on things apocalyptic, it occurred to the Jeuits that the reformers were surprisingly vulnerable in this area. If they could show that Lurher, Zwingli and Calvin had ignored the Apocalypse, they could cut the ground from under Protestant feet and present themselves as the defender of scripture. Their immediate task was to break the connection between Antichrist and the papacy. In around 1580, Spanish Jesuit Francisco Ribera began work on a commentary on Revelation, which challenged the \"historical\" Protestant analysis of biblical prophecy. Abandoning the literal thousand year millennium, he focused on Daniel's \"a time, two times, and half a time,\" if \"a time\" represented a year, he concluded, then the period added up to three and a half years - or 1260 days. Uncoupling Daniel from Revelation, he argued that only John's letters to the churches [in the Book of Revelation] in the first three chapters referred to events that happened in the past. All the rest . . . lay in the future and would be accomplished within the coming three and a half years of Tribulation. Since the papacy was timeless, it followed that the Antichrist had to be a single, identifiable human being, who had yet to arrive. Citing Western and Eastern church fathers, Ribera argued that this destroyer would be a Jew who would appear in Jerusalem, rebuild Solomon's Temple, accept the worship of the Jewish people, before ruling for that terrible period of three and a half years. This Antichrist would finally claim divine power and conquer the world while locusts in the form of barbarian races wreaked havoc on the human race. As the church fled into the wilderness, six heavenly trumpets would blow, with the last sounding the end of Tribulation after the Antichrist's death. Although Protestants reacted with alarm, Ribera's apocalyptic vision found no immediate favor in the Vatican. While he had taken care to describe the papacy of his own time as the \"mother of piety, pillar of the Catholic faith and witness of sanctity,\" he did admit that, it had in the past been the Whore of Babylon and he predicted that it would apostatize at the end of time. Still respected Jesuit Cardinal Bellarmine set about importing Rebera's key concepts of the individual Jewish Antichrist and the three-and-a-half-year tribulation into mainstream Catholic theology. Positioning the Roman church as the defender of scripture, he publicized the reformer's doubts on whether the two apocalyptic books of Daniel and the Revelation had any place in the Bible and even suggested a way in which the name \"Luther\" could be converted to the beast's symbol, 666. As Protestants clung to \"historical\" methods of prophetic analysis, Cardinal Bellarmine steered Catholic apocalyptic towards events that were to be fulfilled in the future.\"\"\"\n", "As Lacunza compared his own personal view on the identity of the Antichrist with Ribera's views within his book \"'The Coming of the Messiah in Majesty and Glory',\" thus both views of the Jesuits on the identity of the Antichrist were effectively presented to Protestantism within its pages. While Irving rejected Lacunza's personal view - that there would be a general moral apostasy within the church; he instead readily accepted Ribera's view, which taught that the Antichrist would be a \"Jewish destroyer\" who would wreak havoc upon the earth. By the mid-nineteenth century, it had taken shape under a system known as Dispensationalism, which forms the basis of a prophetic mode of Biblical interpretation, which is known as Futurism. According to church historian Le Roy Froom, this interpretation of \"'The Futurist view of an individual Jewish Antichrist was unknown among the Protestants of North America prior to the nineteenth century.\"' \n", "Section::::The Reformer's position on the identification of the Antichrist.\n", "Futurist interpretations of prophecy differed from that of Baptist preacher William Miller and other prominent Protestants of the period, whose focus was on a mode of Biblical prophecy which is known as Historicism. This was inclusive of men such as Martin Luther, the Evangelical German Reformer, John Knox, founder of the Presbyterian Church in Scotland, Roger Williams, founder of the Baptist Church in the United States of America, Charles Wesley, founder of the Methodist Church in England, and prominent 17th century scientist, Sir Isaac Newton, who discovered the Law of Gravity. While Futurism teaches that most of the events which are described in the Book of Revelation (including the appearance of the Antichrist) will take place sometime in an indefinite future, purveyors of Historicism believe that the exegesis and hermeneutics of prophetic revelation are principally found in the Biblical books of Daniel and the Revelation. While Daniel describes events of that period until the first advent of Christ, at which an outline of the history of the Christian church is given until the second advent of Christ, the Book of Revelation begins in the first century A.D and then outlines the prophetic fate of the church, which continues to the second coming of Christ. According to Historicists, \"'The Books of Daniel and the Revelation explain each other, they fit like a hand in a glove.\"\" Historicist author/evangelist Kenneth Cox believes that Christ Himself has instructed the reader to read Daniel, so that \"'whoever reads [Daniel], let him understand \n", "\"\"\"All the prophecies of Daniel are repeated in the Book of Revelation, and they help us to clearly see what is taking place today. The Book of Daniel is a book of prophecy; whereas the Book of Revelation is just what its title states it is, a \"revelation.\" Historicists believe that the identity of the Antichrist is revealed in the prophecies which are found within the books of Daniel and the Revelation, as well as the Apostle Paul's second letter to the Thessalonian church, in which verses 2 and 3 describe the Antichrist as \"'the man of sin'\" and \"'son of perdition', who opposes and exalts himself above all that is called God, so that he sits as God in the temple of God, showing himself that he is God.\"' In reference to this passage of the Bible, Martin Luther wrote: \n", "\"\"\"Oh Christ, my Master, look down upon us and bring upon us your day of judgment, and destroy the brood of Satan in Rome! There sits the Man, of whom the Apostle Paul wrote (2 Thess. 2:3,4) that he will oppose and exalt himself above all that is called God - that man of sin, that Son of Perdition.\" \"\"\n", "Most commentators agree that statements such as this was typical of the view held by the Reformers of the Papacy. According to Edward Hendrie, author of \"Solving the Mystery of Babylon the Great\": \n", "\"\"\"The belief that the pope is the antichrist was once a virtually unanimous belief among Protestant denominations. In fact, the Westminster Confession of Faith (Church of England) states: \"There is no other Head of the Church but the Lord Jesus Christ, nor can the Pope of Rome, in any sense, be head thereof, but is that antichrist, that man of sin, and Son of perdition, that exalteth himself in the Chuch against Christ and is called God.\" Other Protestant confessions of faith identified the pope as the antichrist, including but not limited to the Morland Confession of 1508 and 1535 (Waldenses) and the Helvetic Confession of 1536 (Switzerland). Today, those that hold such a belief are in the minority. In fact, nowadays it is viewed as radical and uncharitable for a Christian to say that the pope is the antichrist. How did such transformation take place among the Protestant denominations? The change in the position of the Protestant denominations toward Rome was the direct result of a concerted campaign by agents of the Roman Catholic Church. One of the methods used by the Roman Catholic Theologians was to relegate the Book of Revelation to some future time. In 1590 a Roman Catholic Priest Francisco Ribera, in his 500 page commentary on the Book of Revelation, placed the events of the book of Revelation in a period in the future just prior to the end of the world. He claimed the antichrist would be an individual who would not be manifested until very near the end of the world. He wrote that the antichrist would rebuild Jerusalem, abolish Christianity, deny Christ, persecute the church and dominate the world for three and a half years. Another Jesuit, Cardinal Robert Bellarmine, promoted Ribera's teachings. Bellarmine was one of the most intellectual cardinals of his time. In 1930 he was canonized by the Vatican as a saint and \"Doctor of the Church.\" This Catholic interpretation of the book of Revelation did not become accepted in the Protestant denominations until a book title \"The Coming of the Messiah in Glory and Majesty\" was published in 1812, 11 years after the death of its author. The author of that book was another Jesuit by the name of Emmanuel de Lacunza.\" \"\"\n", "Lacunza's fully developed system played a major role in the Counter-Reformation, the purpose of which was to remove the stigma of Antichrist from Rome, and as such, is a very important work in regard to the history of the Reformation, and the counter-Reformation which followed, which was a reaction to the teaching of Reformers such as Martin Luther and John (Jean) Calvin that the Papacy is the Antichrist of scripture. As Lacunza's book had been placed \"twice\" upon the index of forbidden books by the Vatican\",\" first in 1819, and then five years later in September, 1824; this \"' . . . of course made the book even more acceptable to Protestants - the fact that Rome had condemned it\".' In \"'Death of the Church Victorious\"' Ovid Need Jr., asserts that although the Jesuits then tried to introduce this system into Protestant theology several times over the next century, they were not successful until Presbyterian Pastor Edward Irving read Lacunza's work under the pseudonym of \"Ben Ezra \"A Converted Jew\"\" and then translated it into English:\n", "\"\"\"The pressure was on Rome, especially the word of God in the hands of the average person. So in order to turn the blame away from the Papacy, the Roman Catholic Jesuits started teaching that the Antichrist was some future individual that would come at the end of time.\"Hendrie continues: \n", "\"\"\"William Kimball, in his book \"Rapture, A Question of Timing,\" reveals that Lacunza wrote the book under the pen name of Rabbi Juan Josaphat Ben-Ezra. Kimball attributes the pen name to a motive to conceal his identity, thus taking the heat off of Rome, and making his writings more palatable to Protestant readers.\" Hendries's assertion that Lacunza's intent to conceal his identity is supported by Edward Irving's 1827 translation of the book into English, in which the front cover states that the identity of the author is attributed to \"'Juan Josafat Ben-Ezra, A Converted Jew'.\" The statement on the front cover of the book that depicts the author of the book as \"a converted Jew\" is not supported by known historical fact, as Lacunza was a Jesuit, and not a Jew.\n", "Section::::Lacunza's ideas and their subsequent effect on the development of Protestant eschatology after the Reformation.\n", "According to Historicism, the depiction of the 'head of gold' in the 'Great Image' of Daniel chapter 2 corresponds with the depiction of a 'winged lion' of Daniel chapter 7, the 'chest of silver' of Daniel chapter 2 corresponds with the 'bear which is raised up on one side' in Daniel chapter 7, and the 'terrible beast' of Daniel chapter 7 corresponds with the 'nondescript beast' power of Revelation chapter 13, verse 1 and 2. Sir Isaac Newton's position on the vision of the \"'Great Image',\" or \"'Metal Man'\" of Daniel chapter 2 corresponding with the \"'Four Beasts\"' of Daniel chapter 7 is typical of the Historcist interpretation of these two chapters of the Book of Daniel:\n", "This view was promoted as early as the 3rd century by theologians Irenaeus of Lyons, and Hippolytus of Rome, who at first espoused the underlying principles of Historcism when they traced what they believe to be the succeeding world powers of Babylon, Medo-Persia, Greece and Imperial Rome to their time, and then espoused the underlying principals of Futurism as they speculated on the time, appearance and identity of a future Antichrist, which they believed would arise from the disintegration of the fourth kingdom into ten smaller kingdoms. The following passage, taken from Hippolyus' treatise \"'On Christ And Antichrist\"' and which is germane with Irenaeus' view, demonstrates that he at first employed what later became known as Historicist methods in his exegesis of this passage of Biblical prophecy:\n", "\"\"\"32. Speak with me, O blessed Daniel. Give me full assurance, I beseech thee. Thou dost prophesy concerning the lioness in Babylon; for thou wast a captive there. Thou hast unfolded the future regarding the bear; for thou wast still in the world, and didst see the things come to pass. Then thou speakest to me of the leopard; and whence canst thou know this, for thou art already gone to thy rest? Who instructed thee to announce these things, but He who formed thee in (from) thy mother's womb? That is God, thou sayest. Thou hast spoken indeed, and that not falsely. The leopard has arisen; the he-goat is come; he hath smitten the ram; he hath broken his horns in pieces; he hath stamped upon him with his feet. He has been exalted by his fall; (the) four horns have come up from under that one. Rejoice, blessed Daniel! thou hast not been in error: all these things have come to pass.\n", "\"\"33. After this again thou hast told me of the beast dreadful and terrible. \"It had iron teeth and claws of brass: it devoured and brake in pieces, and stamped the residue with the feet of it.\" Already the iron rules; already it subdues and breaks all in pieces; already it brings all the unwilling into subjection; already we see these things ourselves. Now we glorify God, being instructed by thee.\" Hippolytus identified the beast \"'dreadful and terrible'\" as Imperial Rome, the kingdom that then ruled the known world. The following passage demonstrates that Hippolytus' identification of the Antichrist (which is also germane with Ireneaus' views), then espoused the underlying principles of Futurism, when he identified the last prophetic week of Daniel chapter 9:27 with a future tyrannical Antichrist who will cause \"'the sacrifice and oblation to cease' ,\" at which the prophets \"'Enoch and Elijah\"' will return to preach \"'clothed in sackcloth',\" for \"'1260 days',\" (three and a half literal years), shortly before the second advent of Christ. \n", "\"\"\"43. With respect, then, to the particular judgment in the torments that are to come upon it in the last times by the hand of the tyrants who shall arise then, the clearest statement has been given in these passages. But it becomes us further diligently to examine and set forth the period at which these things shall come to pass, and how the little horn shall spring up in their midst. For when the legs of iron have issued in the feet and toes, according to the similitude of the image and that of the terrible beast, as has been shown in the above, (then shall be the time) when the iron and the clay shall be mingled together. Now Daniel will set forth this subject to us. For he says, \"And one week will make a covenant with many, and it shall be that in the midst (half) of the week my sacrifice and oblation shall cease.\" By one week, therefore, he meant the last week which is to be at the end of the whole world of which week the two prophets Enoch and Elias will take up the half. For they will preach 1,260 days clothed in sackcloth, proclaiming repentance to the people and to all the nations.\" \"\"\n", "These speculative Ideas found within Irenaeus' polemic, entitled \"'Against Heresies\"\" and Hippolytus' \"'On the Antichrist',\" largely influenced the exegesis which appeared within Lacunza'a book - which in turn served to influence Irving. According to Ovid Need Jr., early in 1823 Irving came into contact with a copy of the 1812 Spanish edition which had been brought into England and given to a parish Priest by a Catholic friend, with the intention of translating the document into English and: \n", "\"\"\" \". . . they would send \"specimens of work\" to important Roman churchmen. During the time the men were seeking to get the document into circulation among the Protestants . . . [Irving stated that] . . . ' The pages of Ben-Ezra and the substance of my own discourses met together upon the same table in London, on their passages to two different destinations. The truth which he [Ben-Ezra] had been taught in the midst of Catholic superstition, and had written with fear and trembling under the walls of the Vatican, met with the truth which God's Spirit had, during a season of affliction, taught me.\" Though Irving knew it was a Roman Catholic document, he was quite excited over\" \"Ben-Ezra. It supported the ideas for which others had derided him.\"\" \"\"\n", "According to Froom, Lacunza differed from the typical interpretation of the “Metal Man’ of Daniel chapter 2, which had been given in previous centuries by Ireneaus, Hippolytus and the Reformers, by stating that the kingdoms of Babylon and Persia constituted the head of gold, the Macedonian Empire as the chest and arms of silver, the bronze thighs as Roman, ‘...but the ten toed legs, the Romano-Gothic professedly Christian kingdoms of “divided” Western Europe.' Froom viewed Lacunza’s explication of the four beasts of Daniel chapter 7 as \"‘… novel and unsatisfactory. Noting the usual explanation of Daniel 7 as paralleling the kindgoms of Daniel 2, with the ten horns as the ten kingdoms, he proposes another explanation. They are construed as four religions—idolatry, Mohammedanism, pseudo-Christianity, and anti-Christian deism, which is already unfolding itself to the world in the French Revolution.’\" His perceptions of the second advent of Christ were largely responsible for the formation of British Premillennialism, which then formed the basis of Futurist Dispensationalism under Anglo-Irish theologian John Nelson Darby,who had access to Irving and further developed Irving's theology. Under Darby, \"Ben Ezra\" developed into a comprehensive hermenuetic, in which a literal interpretation is given to theology \"and\" eschatology.\n", "\"Lacunza's developed system was introduced to the European Protestant English world by a Presbyterian Pastor, Edward Irving. It was popularized by a former Anglican, John Nelson Darby. It was systematized by Cyrus Ingerson Scofield (1843 -1921). Thus from one man, Lacunza, the system became the standard for Christian thought for many generations . . . The influence of the Plymouth Brethren (who adapted the system, c. 1830) upon Christianity after the late 1800's is readily apparent as one reads later Baptist creeds, confessions and messages . . . While many good, sincere people claim to be Christians of various stripes (Baptist, Presbyterian, Pentecostal &c.), in reality they cling tenaciously to a common system having deep roots in \"Ben-Ezra.\" Though the view had been offered several times before, the successful offering was a 1790 manuscript published by Rome in 1812. In 1827, it was translated and published in English by Edward Irving. To Lacunza's basic system, Irving added a \"pre-trib rapture,\" an idea he may have obtained from a Scottish lass, Margaret Macdonald. However, it was under Darby's name (Darbyism) and skillful guidance that the system spread over the whole earth. It became the foundation for the Plymouth Brethrenism. In the early 1900s, it was codified by Scofield. Irving's system was adapted by various denominations with only minor differences among them.\"\n", "It is at the Powerscourt Conferences, which were sponsored by the wealthy widow Lady Powerscourt after she had attended the earlier Albury Park Conferences and had been impressed by Edward Irving's speaking that Darby first met Edward Irving.\n", "\"\"\"Though Darby was not among those attending the [earlier] Albury meetings, he later claimed as his own many of the conclusions reached at Albury Park. Certainly, by the time the Albury meetings were concluded, Irving had well perfected the new \"Ben-Ezra\" ideas when he took it to the 1833 Powerscourt conference - the loose ends were tied together . . . We should mention that Darby answered the question, \"'Is there a prospect of a revival of Apostolic churches before the coming of Christ?' . . .\" Powerscourt saw the teaching of a pretribulation rapture introduced. It developed into its full bloom at these meetings . . . Though others \"e.g.\" Irving offered a secret rapture idea, its origin has since been attributed to Darby by most scholars.\" It is at the Albury Conferences in 1830, shortly before the Powerscourt Conferences, where speaking in tongues is first recorded as taking place, which forms another aspect of Dispensationalist theology. \n", "\"\"\"Irving, was also the first to have tongues in his congregation . . . Irving permitted the \"'miraculous gifts'\" at his Presbyterian Church, causing the elders to excommunicate him and lock him out. He then formed his Catholic Apostolic Church down the street in 1831.\" While Darby strenuously resisted speaking in tongues, and regarded them as \"'devilish\"': \"Darby nevertheless accepted most of Irving's ideas, including the new millennial view of Daniel's 70th week and a personal Antichrist, he stoutly resisted Irving's tongues, calling them \"'devilish',\" and Irving lost his influence.\" Dispensationalism became popular within Protestant churches very early in the 20th century, when in 1909 C.I. Scofield published the \"Scofield Bible\". The Scofield Bible was a reference Bible which had notes that teach Premillennialism and the Futurist system of prophetic interpretation inserted into the popular King James Version of the Bible. The Scofield Bible quickly became widely influential among fundamentalist Christians within the United States and most other countries,as these notes became a significant source for popular religious writers such as Hal Lindsey, who wast the author of the best-selling book, The Late, Great Planet Earth, first published in 1970. Thus the transmission of ideas from Irenaeus and Hippolytus to Lacunza, Irving, Darby and Scofield were largely responsible for removing the stigma of Antichrist which the Reformers had applied to the Papacy. As Need states: \"And so, through ideas gleaned from Irving by the writings of Lacunza, and . . . and then subsequently claimed by Darby as his own discovery, the war of the millenarians against the Papacy was defused. For if a personal Antichrist must come after a secret rapture, how could the present papacy be the Antichrist, as historically claimed by the Protestants?\" \"\"\n", "Section::::Chronicler of Exile and Persecution.\n", "Lacunza's various works are valuable as a record of the experience of exile and intellectual persecution which results from religious belief. His personal letters have come to be highly valued in his birthplace of Chile owing to its recent history of exile and persecution. For example, he wrote of his fellow exiles: \"We are like a tree that is perfectly dry and unable to revive, or like a dead body that is buried in oblivion. ... Meanwhile we are slowly dying off. We left Chile 352 in number; now just half are left and most of them are sick and can barely move – like a quack doctor's horse.\"\n", "The longing of the exile for his homeland can be heard in his declaration, \"No one can know Chile until he has lost it!\"\n", "Lacunza's \"'The Coming of the Messiah in Majesty and Glory\"' is also particularly valuable, as it presents two Jesuit views which contributed to the counter-Reformation, with Ribera's view being generally accepted by most Protestant churches today - the only Protestant church which still officially adheres to the Historicist mode of prophetic interpretation is the Seventh Day Adventist church. Google books says of the 'Scholars choice' 2015 reproduction: \"'This work had been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.'\"\n", "Section::::Bibliography.\n", "BULLET::::- Daneri, Juan J. 2005. Escatología y política jesuitas. La profecía del fin de los tiempos según Manuel Lacunza. (Jesuit Escatology and Politics: The Prophecy of the end of time by Manuel Lacunza) Mapocho (Biblioteca Nacional de Chile) 58:181-201.\n", "BULLET::::- Daneri, Juan J. 2000. Los usos de la profecía. Escatología y política en 'La venida del Mesías en gloria y magestad' (1812) de Manuel Lacunza. (The uses of prophecy: Eschatology and Politics in 'The Coming of the Messiah in Glory and Majesty' (1812) of Manuel Lacunza) Silabario, Revista de Estudios y Ensayos Geoculturales (Universidad Nacional de Córdoba) 3.3:91-100.\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Essay on Lacunza and his work written from a Seventh-day Adventist point of view by Sergio Olivares.\n", "BULLET::::- Introduction to Jonathan Tillin's edition of Lacunza's book\n", "BULLET::::- Lacunza's works Historical Archives of the Pontifical Gregorian University\n", "BULLET::::- Manuel Lacunza y Diaz in the Historical Archives of the Pontifical Gregorian University\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "Chilean theologian", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q3295548", "wikidata_label": "Manuel Lacunza", "wikipedia_title": "Manuel Lacunza" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Dick Annegarn\n", "Dick Annegarn (born in The Hague, 6 May 1952) is a Dutch rock singer-songwriter who sings mostly in French, although on occasion Dutch and English.\n", "Section::::Discography.\n", "Section::::Discography.:Albums.\n", "BULLET::::- \"Sacré Géranium\" (1974)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Dick Annegarn\" (1974)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Je te vois\" (1974)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Mireille\" (1975)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Anticyclone\" (1976)\n", "BULLET::::- \"De ce spectacle ici sur terre\" (live, 1978)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Ferraillages\" (1980)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Citoyen\" (1981)\n", "BULLET::::- \"140 BXL\" (live, 1984)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Frère ?\" (1986)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Ullegarra\" (1990)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Chansons fleuves\" (1990)\n", "BULLET::::- \"InéDick\" (1992)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Approche-toi\" (1997)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Adieu Verdure\" (1999)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Au Cirque d'Hiver\" (live, 2000)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Un' ombre\" (2002)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Plouc\" (2005)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Soleil du soir\" (2008)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Folk Talk\" (2011)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Vélo va\" (2014)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Twist\" (2016)\n", "BULLET::::- \"12 Villes 12 Chansons\" (2018)\n", "Section::::Discography.:Singles.\n", "BULLET::::- \"Va\" (1975)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Lille\" CD promo (1998)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Voleur de chevaux\" CD promo (1999)\n", "Section::::Discography.:Compilations.\n", "BULLET::::- \"Bruxelles\" (3 first albums + part of the 4th one+ the songs \"Va\" and \"Les Gueux\") (1996)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Les Années nocturnes\" (\"Frères ?\", \"Ullegara\" and \"Chansons fleuves\") (2007)\n", "Section::::Discography.:Contributions.\n", "BULLET::::- \"Egmont and the FF Boom\", featuring Daniel Schell (1978 ?)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Route Manset\" (1996)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Aux suivants\", Hommage à Jacques Brel (2003)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Plutôt tôt\" \"Plutôt tard\" (2005, tôt ou tard)\n", "Section::::Discography.:Tribute album.\n", "BULLET::::- \"Le Grand Dîner\" or \"Tribute à Dick Annegarn\" (2006, tôt ou tard), on which he himself contributes\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Official website\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Frank M. Mayo\n", "Frank Maguire Mayo (1839–1896) was an American actor and comedian, born in Boston, Massachusetts.\n", "He moved to San Francisco where at seventeen years of age he began his career and within a few years was appearing with the young Edwin Booth. He won applause in some classic roles, but his first great success was as Badger in \"The Streets of New York\" which he appeared in Boston in August 1865. In 1872 he brought out \"Davy Crockett\", a backwoods character which endeared him to the public. In later years he played in \"Davy Crockett\" revivals.\n", "Mark Twain's \"Pudd'nhead Wilson\" was a character well suited to display his talents as a comedian. Other favorite roles were in \"Nordeck\" and \"The Royal Guard\". Mayo is buried in West Laurel Hill Cemetery in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania.\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Biography-West Laurel Hill Cemetery web site\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "American actor", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q5488227", "wikidata_label": "Frank Mayo", "wikipedia_title": "Frank M. Mayo" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Alex Fergusson (politician)\n", "Sir Alexander Charles Onslow Fergusson (8 April 1949 – 31 July 2018) was a Scottish politician, member of the Scottish Conservative and Unionist Party and Scottish Parliament from 1999 to 2016. He served as the third Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament from 2007 until 2011.\n", "He first became a Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) in 1999, initially for the South of Scotland region, and then the Galloway and Upper Nithsdale constituency from 2003 to 2016. Either side of his term as Presiding Officer, he sat as a member of the Scottish Conservative Party.\n", "Section::::Life before politics.\n", "Born in Leswalt, in rural Wigtownshire, he was educated at Eton College from 1962 to 1966. He spent two years in New Zealand after leaving school, mainly involved in agricultural work and returned to complete an ONDA in Agriculture at the Scottish Agricultural College at Auchincruive before taking over the family farm in 1971, in the South Ayrshire village of Barr, after a short spell as a Farm Management Consultant.\n", "He ran this hill farm, rearing cattle and sheep, until his election to the Scottish Parliament in 1999. Until the advent of the Parliament, Fergusson says he was not involved in politics to any great extent.\n", "Fergusson was a male-line grandson of Sir Charles Fergusson, 7th Baronet and so was in the remainder to that baronetcy. He was also descended from many Scottish noble families including the Earls of Glasgow, Earls of Dalhousie, and Barons Crofton\n", "Section::::Political career and Presiding Officer.\n", "Fergusson began holding office as a Community Councillor. He was elected as a member for the South of Scotland region of the Scottish Parliament 1999, and has been Member of the Scottish Parliament for Galloway and Upper Nithsdale since 2003.\n", "He says he entered politics mainly to champion rural causes in his own region: \"I was particularly exercised by the fact that whenever anybody talked about rural Scotland, they seemed to talk about the Highlands and Islands. I come from the south of Scotland, and I was keen to provide a rural voice from the south of Scotland.\"\n", "During this time, Fergusson was lead spokesman for Agriculture and Forestry for the Conservative party, and Convener of the Rural Development Committee, including during the passage of the Protection of Wild Mammals (Scotland) Act 2002. As spokesman, he described laws banning entirely the docking of dogs' tails as \"complete and utter folly\", arguing that there was a significant difference between the cosmetic docking of entire tails and the shortening of the tails of working dogs. He gained a reputation as a passionate advocate on rural affairs, respected across parties for his political astuteness. He was also one of the biggest rebels from the Conservative whip in the second session of Parliament.\n", "After retaining his marginal seat at the 2007 election, with an increased majority of 3,333, on 14 May 2007 he was elected by his fellow MSPs to succeed George Reid as Presiding Officer by a large majority, beating the other candidate Margo MacDonald by 108 votes to 20.\n", "Because the position of Presiding Officer is an impartial one, the officeholder is required to remove himself from all party politics. Consequently, Fergusson resigned from the Conservative party. He indicated his intention to resign as Presiding Officer at the conclusion of his term, and stand for the Conservative party in 2011. On his return to the Parliament after the 2011 Election, Fergusson stepped down as Presiding Officer and returned to the Conservative benches.\n", "Fergusson announced in 2015 that he would not be seeking re-election in 2016 and would retire from politics after serving as MSP for 17 years. He was succeeded by Finlay Carson at the 2016 election.\n", "Fergusson was knighted in the 2016 Birthday Honours for services to politics, the Scottish parliamentary process and public life in Scotland.\n", "Section::::Other duties.\n", "As Presiding Officer, he chaired the Scottish Parliamentary Corporate Body, which has similar functions to that of the House of Commons Commission, and the Parliamentary Bureau, which sets the daily business in the chamber and timetable for progress of bills, subject to approval by the Parliament.\n", "During the draw for the 2007–08 CIS Cup semi-finals, Fergusson mixed up the numbers and miscalled the teams, a mistake that was rectified later that day.\n", "Section::::Other interests.\n", "Fergusson was the Honorary President of English-Speaking Union Scotland. He was a member and former President of the Blackface Sheepbreeders Association, a Deputy Lieutenant of Ayrshire and Arran and a member of the Scottish Landowners Federation and the Game Conservancy Trust. Fergusson was a patron of the Galloway National Park Association, a campaign for the area to become Scotland's third national park. He listed rugby, curling, Scottish country dancing, folk music and public speaking amongst his hobbies.\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Alex Fergusson MSP Official profile at Scottish Parliament site\n", "BULLET::::- Alex Fergusson MSP Official profile at the site of the Conservative Party\n", "BULLET::::- Alex Fergusson MSP Official profile at personal website\n", "BULLET::::- Alex Fergusson, countryside man BBC profile\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "British politician", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q559046", "wikidata_label": "Alex Fergusson", "wikipedia_title": "Alex Fergusson (politician)" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Clarence Sasser\n", "Clarence Eugene Sasser (born September 12, 1947) is a former United States Army soldier and a recipient of the U.S. military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his actions in the Vietnam War.\n", "Section::::Biography.\n", "Born in Chenango, Texas, he briefly attended the University of Houston as a chemistry major but was forced to drop out due to lack of funds. Sasser served as a combat medic in the United States Army during the Vietnam War. He received the medal from President Richard Nixon in 1969 for his actions on January 10, 1968, in Dinh Tuong Province, South Vietnam. A member of Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 3rd Battalion, 60th Infantry Regiment, 9th Infantry Division, he was a private first class attached to the 3rd Battalion's Company A when he earned the medal and eventually was promoted to specialist five.\n", "Drafted into the Army after giving up his college deferment at the University of Houston, Sasser's Vietnam War tour lasted just 51 days. When his military commitment was finished, he enrolled at Texas A&M University as a chemistry student. He then worked at an oil refinery for more than five years before being employed by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs.\n", "A statue depicting Sasser in the war was created in 2010 and will be placed in front of the Brazoria County Courthouse.\n", "Section::::Medal of Honor.\n", "Official Citation: \n", "For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty. Specialist 5th Class Sasser distinguished himself while assigned to Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 3d Battalion. He was serving as a medical aidman with Company A, 3d Battalion, on a reconnaissance in force operation. His company was making an air assault when suddenly it was taken under heavy small arms, recoilless rifle, machinegun and rocket fire from well fortified enemy positions on three sides of the landing zone. During the first few minutes, over 30 casualties were sustained. Without hesitation, Specialist 5th Class Sasser ran across an open rice paddy through a hail of fire to assist the wounded. After helping one man to safety, was painfully wounded in the left shoulder by fragments of an exploding rocket. Refusing medical attention, he ran through a barrage of rocket and automatic weapons fire to aid casualties of the initial attack and, after giving them urgently needed treatment, continued to search for other wounded. Despite two additional wounds immobilizing his legs, he dragged himself through the mud toward another soldier 100 meters away. Although in agonizing pain and faint from loss of blood, Specialist 5th Class Sasser reached the man, treated him, and proceeded on to encourage another group of soldiers to crawl 200 meters to relative safety. There he attended their wounds for fivehours until they were evacuated. Specialist 5th Class Sasser's extraordinary heroism is in keeping with the highest traditions of the military service and reflects great credit upon himself, his unit, and the U.S. Army.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- List of living Medal of Honor recipients\n", "BULLET::::- List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Vietnam War\n", "BULLET::::- List of African-American Medal of Honor recipients\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Joseph Honoré Simon Beau\n", "Joseph Honoré Simon Beau (May 8 1806 in Collonges, department of Ain – August 11, 1865) was a French physician, who is famous for his investigations of the physiology of the heart and the lungs.\n", "In 1836 he obtained his doctorate in Paris with the thesis \"De l’emploi des évacuants\", etc. From 1840 he was an assigned as a physician to the \"Bureau central\", earning his agrégation several years later (1844). In July 1856 he became a member of the Académie Nationale de Médecine.\n", "He was a leading advocate of pathological physiology. Treatises involving his studies of the heart and lungs were initially published in the \"Archives générales de médecine\" (1834 to 1845), and compiled in his \"Traité expérimental et clinique d'auscultation appliqué à l'étude des maladies du poumon et du coeur\" (1856).\n", "Section::::Selected writings.\n", "BULLET::::- \"Traité expérimental et clinique d'auscultation, appliquée à l'étude des maladies du poumon et du coeur\", 1856 – Treatise on experimental and clinical auscultation, applicable to the study of lung and heart diseases.\n", "BULLET::::- \"De la Valeur thérapeutique des saignées générales dans les phlegmasies, leçons cliniques faites à la Charité\", 1859 – On the therapeutic value of general bloodletting for phlebitis, clinical lessons performed at the Charité.\n", "BULLET::::- \"De la Diastole ventriculaire dans l'ordre de succession des mouvements du coeur, extrait de leçons cliniques sur les maladies du coeur\", 1861 – On ventricular diastole, etc.; excerpt of clinical lessons on diseases of the heart.\n", "BULLET::::- \"Nouvelles Réflexions sur un nouveau tracé cardiographique de MM. Chauveau et Marey\", 1864 – On the new \"tracé cardiographique\" of Auguste Chauveau and Étienne-Jules Marey.\n", "BULLET::::- \"Traité de la dyspepsie\", 1866 – Treatise on dyspepsia.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- Beau's lines: Transverse grooves on the nail plate, usually an indication of systemic disease.\n", "BULLET::::- Beau's syndrome: Defined as myocardial insufficiency and inability of the heart to perform a complete systole.\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Christos G. Doumas\n", "Christos Georgiou Doumas (; born 1933), is a Greek archaeology professor at the University of Athens. From 1960 up until 1980, he had a career in the Greek Archaeological Service as curator of antiquities in Attica (on the Athenian Acropolis), in the Cyclades, in the Dodecanese Islands, and in the northern Aegean islands. He conducted excavations and organized many museum exhibitions in different regions of Greece. Doumas also served as curator of the prehistoric collections of the National Archaeological Museum of Athens. Moreover, he became the director of antiquities and the director of conservation at the Hellenic Ministry of Culture. Since 1975, Doumas has been the director of excavations at Akrotiri on the Island of Thera (Santorini), as a successor to Spyridon Marinatos. He published several books and scholarly articles on Aegean archaeology and particularly about the cultures of the Aegean Islands.\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Greek Studies at the University of Missouri\n", "BULLET::::- Hellenic Ministry of Culture: Akrotiri of Thera\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Sajid Khan\n", "Sajid Khan (born 1951, in Bombay, India) was an Indian actor and singer. Born into poverty in the Bombay slums, he became the adopted son of Bollywood filmmaker Mehboob Khan, founder of Mehboob Studios. He worked in a handful of Indian films, debuting in his father's Academy Award-nominated \"Mother India\" (1957) and its sequel \"Son of India\" (1962). He later found more success overseas, working in international productions, including films and television shows in North America, such as \"Maya\" (1966) and its television adaptation, as well as the Philippines and United Kingdom. He was a teen idol in North America and the Philippines from the late 1960s to early 1970s.\n", "Section::::Early life and debut.\n", "Sajid was a poor child from the slums of Bombay (now Mumbai), in India's then Bombay State (now Maharashtra), before he was discovered by Bollywood filmmaker Mehboob Khan. Sajid started acting as a child appearing as the younger version of Sunil Dutt's character Birju in Mehboob Khan's Academy Award-nominated Hindi film \"Mother India\" (1957). Sajid was unknown at the time. His salary in the film was . He was later adopted by Mehboob Khan and his wife Sardar Akhtar, who named him Sajid Khan.\n", "Section::::Career.\n", "After his debut in \"Mother India\" in 1957, he played the title role in his adopted father's next and last film \"Son of India\" in 1962. According to Rauf Ahmed, though the film was not a success at the box-office, Sajid's performance was praised by the critics. After his father's death in 1964, Sajid was sent to the United States by his mother Sardar.\n", "He went on to achieve fame in the United States with a co-starring role alongside Jay North in the 1966 film \"Maya\". The film's success led to a television series of the same name airing on NBC from September 1967 to February 1968 and lasting 18 episodes. The show led to Sajid becoming a \"teen idol\" for a short time appearing on the cover of popular magazines worldwide. He also had a short-lived singing career but was not successful. In 1968, he guest starred in an episode of the television series \"The Big Valley\", and appeared in the music variety show \"It's Happening\" as a guest judge.\n", "He also found success in the Philippines in the early 1970s, starring as the male lead in a number of romantic comedy films opposite leading Philippine actresses Nora Aunor and Vilma Santos. He tried to get back into Hindi films, but none of his Hindi films from 1972 to 1983 worked financially. His career's peak period was in 1966–1974 and he was more successful in English films. He made his last film appearance in the Merchant-Ivory film \"Heat and Dust\" in 1983 which was successful.\n", "Section::::Current activities.\n", "It is reported that Sajid had a factory in India which made costume jewellery. 'Artistic' was the name of the retail store. Actress Rekha fell in love with him in the period 1970–72 but Sajid met his future wife and broke off with Rekha. He later divorced his wife in 1990 and has a son, Sameer. He acted in films from 1957 to 2001.\n", "Section::::Filmography.\n", "Section::::Filmography.:Films.\n", "BULLET::::- \"Mother India\" (1957) ... Young Birju (child artist)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Son of India\" (1962)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Maya\" (1966) ... Raji\n", "BULLET::::- \"The Prince and I\" (1971-Philippines) from Tower Productions, leading lady: Maritess Revilla\n", "BULLET::::- \"My Funny Girl\" (1971-Philippines) from Tower Productions, leading lady: Tina Revilla\n", "BULLET::::- \"The Singing Filipina\" (1971-Philippines) from Tower Productions, leading lady: Nora Aunor\n", "BULLET::::- \"Savera\" (1972)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Mahatma and the Mad Boy\" (1974) Short drama (27 min) directed by Ismail Merchant boxed as \"Merchant Ivory in India\" with \"Heat and Dust\" etc.: The Mad Boy\n", "BULLET::::- \"Zindagi Aur Toofan\" (1975)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Mandir Masjid\" (1977)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Dahshat\" (1981)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Heat and Dust\" (1983)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Pilak\" (2001)\n", "Section::::Filmography.:Television.\n", "BULLET::::- \"Maya\" (1967–1968, 18 episodes) ... Raji\n", "BULLET::::- \"It's Happening\" - (1968, 2 episodes) ... Himself\n", "BULLET::::- \"The Big Valley\" - (1969, 1 episode, \"The Royal Road\") ... Ranjit Singh\n", "BULLET::::- \"1857 Kranti\" (TV series) (2000)\n", "Section::::Discography.\n", "Section::::Discography.:Singles.\n", "BULLET::::- \"Getting To Know You\" (#108) / \"Ha Ram\"—Colgems 1026 (1968)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Dream\" (#119) / \"Someday\"—Colgems 1034 (1969)\n", "Section::::Discography.:Albums.\n", "BULLET::::- \"Sajid\"—Colgems COS-114\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "Indian actor", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q2762152", "wikidata_label": "Sajid Khan", "wikipedia_title": "Sajid Khan" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Robert S. Kennemore\n", "Robert Sidney Kennemore (June 21, 1920 – April 26, 1989), of Greenville, South Carolina, earned the Medal of Honor during the bitter Chosin Reservoir campaign of November 1950, when he deliberately covered an enemy grenade with his foot to keep his men from being wounded or killed. Staff Sergeant Kennemore, who lost both of his legs through his unselfish sacrifice, was the 23rd Marine to receive his nation's highest award for heroism in Korea. The medal was presented to him by President Harry S. Truman during ceremonies at the White House on November 24, 1952.\n", "Section::::Biography.\n", "Kennemore was born on June 21, 1920, in Greenville, South Carolina. He attended high school in Simpsonville, South Carolina, until 1935, and was employed by the Montgomery Ward Company, in Chicago, Illinois, before enlisting in the United States Marine Corps on June 20, 1940.\n", "Completing his recruit training in Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego, California, in August 1940, he was stationed there until July 1942, when he sailed for the Pacific theater with the 1st Marine Division. After serving with the division in the Guadalcanal-Tulagi campaign, he returned to the United States in June 1943 for duty at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina.\n", "In February 1944, he was ordered to Camp Pendleton, California, where he served until that September. He was then stationed at the Marine Barracks, Klamath Falls, Oregon, until February 1945, when he was assigned to the Marine Barracks, at the Naval Air Station, Boca Chica, Florida.\n", "In July 1945, after brief service at Camp Lejeune, he embarked for Japan to serve on occupation duty with the 2nd Marine Division. He returned to the States in April 1946, and served briefly at San Diego and the Marine Barracks, New Orleans, Louisiana, until September 1946, when he began a year of duty at the Marine Barracks, Naval Mine Depot, Yorktown, Virginia. In September 1947, he was ordered to New York City, where he served for two years at Headquarters of the 3rd Marine Corps Reserve District.\n", "Staff Sergeant Kennemore joined the 2nd Battalion, 6th Marine Regiment, 2nd Marine Division, at Camp Lejeune, in October 1949, and with the outbreak of the Korean fighting, moved with the battalion to the west coast in July 1950. The 2nd Battalion was made part of the 7th Marines, 1st Marine Division in August 1950, and the following month, Kennemore embarked for Korea, where he served with the 2nd Battalion in the Seoul and Chosin Reservoir campaigns.\n", "It was at the Chosin Reservoir that he lost both of his legs. Kennemore was fighting in a slit trench alongside two other Marines when a grenade landed beside him. Without regard to his safety he grabbed it threw it back. Immediately after, another grenade landed in the trench, and he used his foot to push it into the earth. At this point he notice yet another grenade lying close by. Without hesitation he kneeled down on the third grenade and effectively absorbed the blast of the two grenades through his legs. Due to his actions, Kennemore saved the lives of two fellow Marines. Kennemore returned to the United States in December 1950 for treatment at the U.S. Naval Hospital, Oakland, California. He remained there for almost a year, until his retirement on October 31, 1951.\n", "Staff Sergeant Kennemore died on April 26, 1989. He was buried in the San Francisco National Cemetery, San Francisco, California.\n", "Section::::Decorations.\n", "In addition to the Medal of Honor and the Purple Heart he received for his wounds, SSgt Kennemore's medals and decorations include the Presidential Unit Citation with two bronze stars; the Marine Corps Good Conduct Medal with two bronze stars in lieu of second and third awards; the American Defense Service Medal; the American Theater Campaign Medal; the Asiatic-Pacific Theater Campaign Medal with two bronze stars; the World War II Victory Medal; the Navy Occupation Service Medal with Asia Clasp; the Korean Service Medal with two bronze stars; and the United Nations Service Medal.\n", "Section::::Medal of Honor citation.\n", "The President of the United States in the name of The Congress pleasure in presenting the MEDAL OF HONOR to\n", "STAFF SERGEANT ROBERT S. KENNEMORE\n", "UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS\n", "for service as set forth in the following CITATION:\n", "For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty as Leader of a Machine-Gun Section in Company E, Second Battalion, Seventh Marines, First Marine Division (Reinforced), in action against enemy aggressor forces in Korea on 27 and November 28, 1950. With the company's defensive perimeter overrun by a numerically superior hostile force during a savage night attack north of Yudam-ni and his platoon commander seriously wounded, Staff Sergeant Kennemore unhesitatingly assumed command, quickly reorganized the unit and directed the men in consolidating the position. When an enemy grenade landed in the midst of a machine-gun squad, he bravely placed his foot on the missile and, in the face of almost certain death, personally absorbed the full force of the explosion to prevent injury to his fellow Marines. By his indomitable courage, outstanding leadership and selfless efforts in behalf of his comrades, Staff Sergeant Kennemore was greatly instrumental in driving the enemy from the area and upheld the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.\n", "/S/ HARRY S. TRUMAN\n", "Section::::Namesakes.\n", "The Marine Corps League Detachment #1105 in Greenville, South Carolina, the Owens/Kennemore Detachment, is named for the two Greenville Medal of Honor recipients — Robert Kennemore and World War II recipient Robert A. Owens.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- List of Medal of Honor recipients\n", "BULLET::::- List of Korean War Medal of Honor recipients\n", "Section::::References.\n", "BULLET::::- Inline\n", "BULLET::::- General\n", "Section::::Further reading.\n", "BULLET::::- Russ, Martin. \"Breakout: The Chosin Reservoir Campaign, Korea 1950\", Fromm International, 1999. ()\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Shantisagar\n", "Acharya Shri Shantisagar (1872–1955) was an Indian monk of the Digambara school of the Jain faith. He was the first Acharya (preceptor) and a leader of his sect in the 20th century. Shantisagar revived the teaching and practice of traditional Digambara practices in North India.\n", "Section::::Early life.\n", "Shantisagar was born in either 1872 or 1873 in near Bhoj village, Belgavi district Karnataka, India. His father either worked as a farmer or was employed in the clothing business. At age eighteen, having read religious texts and undergone several pilgrimages, Shantisagar decided to dedicate his life to a religious order.\n", "Shantisagar's parents died in 1912. He then traveled to the Jain holy place, Shravanabelagola, a town in Hassan district, Karnataka, India. In 1918, whilst in Shravanabelagola, Shantisagar was lustrated asa kshullaka into the Sangha (holy order) by Devappa (Devakirti) Swami. He took his ailaka (religious vows) before an image of the Tirthankara Neminatha. In about 1920, Shantisagar became a full muni (monk) of the Digambara sect of Jainism. In 1922, at Yarnal village, Belgaum district, Karnataka, he was given the name \"Shanti Sagara\" (\"Ocean of Peace\").\n", "He preached the principles of Jainism in various parts of India and became an Acharya. His disciples also called him \"Charitra Chakravarti\" (\"Emperor of good character\"). He has also been called \"muniraj\" (\"King among Ascetics\"), and \"silasindhi\" (\"Ocean of Observances\").\n", "He began a hunger strike to oppose restrictions imposed on Digambara monks by the British Raj.\n", "Section::::His Vihara throughout India.\n", "He was the first full Digambar monk and Acharya to wander throughout India. The wandering of a Jain monk is termed \"Vihara\" an old sramanic term. Padmanabh Jaini writes: \n", "Acharya Shantisagar took last breath on 18 September 1955 at 6:50 am at Kunthalgiri, Osmanabad district, Maharashtra, India.\n", "Based on the accounts given by Sumeruchandra Diwakar and Dharmachanda Shastri, Shantisagar was born in 1872 to Bhimagauda Patil and Satyavati at Bhoj Village in Belgavi dist., Karnataka, India. His birth name was Satgauda. He was married at the age of nine. His wife died six months after the marriage. In 1905, he made a pilgrimage to Sammed Shikharji accompanied by his sister.\n", "In 1925, Shantisagar was present in Kumbhoj township. He attended the Mahamastakabhisheka (grand consecration) at Shravanbelgola, Karnataka. In 1926, he visited Nanded city, Maharashtra. In 1927, he visited Bahubali, Maharashtra and then Nagpur which was then the capital of the Central provinces. \n", "Shantisagar then travelled in east India. He had a Panchakalyanaka blessing at Sammed Shikhar, Bihar, a Jain pilgrimage site. He also travelled to Champapur and Pavapur.\n", "Section::::His Vihara throughout India.:Central India.\n", "In 1928, Shantisagar visited central India. He visited towns including Katni in Madhya Pradesh state, Jabalpur, Sleemanabad, Nohta, Kundalpur and Sagar. In Dronagir, Shantisagar encountered a tiger. By 1929, Shantisagar was in Lalitpur. In Sonagir, four ailaks (researchers). By 1929, Shantisagar was visiting Gwalior and Murena.\n", "Section::::His Vihara throughout India.:Northern India.\n", "Shantisagar travelled to north India. In Rajakheda, Uttar Pradesh, Shantisagar was attacked by a violent crowd. Shantisagar visited Agra, Hastinapur and Firozabad. In 1930, Shantisagar visited Mathura and received a blessing. Shantisagar's presence in Delhi in 1931 is marked by a memorial at Lal Mandir.\n", "Section::::His Vihara throughout India.:Western India.\n", "In the 1930s, Shantisagar travelled through Western India. He visited the Shri Mahaveer Ji temple, a Jain pilgrimage site. Shantisagar visited Jaipur in 1932, Byavur in 1933, Udaipur in 1934, Goral in Gujarat in 1935, Pratapgarh in 1936 and Gajpantha in Maharashtra in 1937. Around this time, \"Shri Shantisagar Charitr\" was written by Muni Kunthusagar in Sanskrit and in Gajpantha, Shantisagar was given the title, \"Charitra Chakravarti\". In 1938, Shantisagar visited Baramati, Indore city in Madhya Pradesh. In 1939, he visited Pratapgarh in Uttar Pradesh.\n", "Section::::His Vihara throughout India.:Maharashtra.\n", "In the 1940s, Shantisagar travelled through Maharashtra state. He visited Goral in 1940, Akluj in 1941, Korochi in 1942, Digraj in 1943, Kunthalgiri in 1944, Phaltan in 1945, and Kavalana in 1946. Then in 1947, at the time of Partition, Shantisagar was in Sholapur. In a miracle, in Shantisagar's presence, a mute young man began to speak. In 1948, Shantisagar was in Phaltan. He was in Kavlana in 1949.\n", "In the 1950s, Shantisagar continued to travel in Maharashtra state. He was in Gajpantha in 1950, Baramati in 1951, Lonand in 1952, and Kunthalgiri in 1953. In 1953, Sumeruchandra Diwakar's book, \"Charitra Chakravarti\" was published. In 1954, there was preservation of the Dhavala books.\n", "Section::::His Vihara throughout India.:Sallekhana Or Samadhi.\n", "In 1955, Shantisagar arrived in Kunthalgiri town. On 18 September 1955, he commenced the practice of Sallekhana, a gradual reducing of intake of fluid and food leading to death. Sumeruchandra Diwakar, Bhattarakas Lakshmisen and Jinasen arrived in the town. Acharya shantisagar attained utkrushta samadhimaran in 35th / 36th day. The title of Acharya pada (teacher of philosophy) was awarded to Muni Virasagar.\n", "Padmanabh Jaini writes about his Sallekhana: \n", "Section::::His lineage (parampara).\n", "He had handed over the leadership to the next Acharya Virasagar (1955–1957). He was followed by, in sequence, Acharya Shivasagar (1957–1969), Dharmasagar (1969–1987), Ajitasagar (1987–1990) and then Vardhamansagar (since 1990) who currently leads his sangha. There are numerous Digambar Jain monks who belong to this tradition. Acharya Gyansagar, the guru of Acharya Vidyasagar, was initiated by Acharya Shivasagar.\n", "Section::::Acharya Shantisagar Chhani.\n", "Acharya Shantisagar is sometimes termed Acharya Shantisagar (Dakshin) to contrast him with Acharya Shantisagar \"Chhani\" (North) (1888–1944).\n", "Chhani is a district in Udaipur. They were thus contemporary. Modern Acharya Gyansagar (born 1957) was initially initiated by Acharya Vidyasagar as a Kashullaka, later he was initiated as a full Digambar Muni by Acharya Sumatisagar belonging to the lineage of Acharya Shantisagar Chhani.\n", "Contemporary to both of them, there was a third Jain Muni Aadisagar Ankalikar (1809–1887). Late Acharya Vimalsagar, belonged to his lineage.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- Bhadrabahu\n", "BULLET::::- Kundakunda\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "Indian Jain monk", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q7489092", "wikidata_label": "Shantisagar", "wikipedia_title": "Shantisagar" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Ebenezer Mattoon\n", "Ebenezer Mattoon (August 19, 1755 – September 11, 1843) was a United States Representative from Massachusetts. He was born in North Amherst on August 19, 1755. He attended the common schools and received private instruction. He graduated from Dartmouth College in 1776. Mattoon served in the Revolutionary Army. He taught school and also engaged in agricultural pursuits.\n", "He was a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives, was a justice of the peace 1782-1796, and served in the Massachusetts State Senate. He served from the rank of captain to that of major general of the Fourth Division, State militia. He was appointed Sheriff of Hampshire County and served twenty years. Mattoon was elected as a Federalist to the Sixth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Samuel Lyman. He was reelected to the Seventh Congress and served from February 2, 1801 – March 3, 1803.\n", "He again served as a state representative in 1812. He also served as adjutant general of the Massachusetts Militia with the rank of major general from 1816 to 1818. He was elected captain of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts in 1817 and served a one-year term. He became totally blind in 1818 and retired from active public life. \n", "He was a delegate to the state constitutional convention in 1820. Mattoon died in Amherst on September 11, 1843. His interment was in West Cemetery.\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Jonas Vaitkus\n", "Jonas Vaitkus (born May 20, 1944 in Lithuania) is a lecturer, theatre and film director. From 1969 to 1974 Jonas Vaitkus studied at the State Theatre, Music and Cinematography Institute of Leningrad (Saint Petersburg). From 1977 to 1988 he was the artistic director of Kaunas State (Academic) Drama Theater, and from 1989 to 1995 was the artistic director of the Lithuanian National Drama Theatre.\n", "A winner of various awards throughout his career, Jonas Vaitkus has directed many films and more than 60 plays. \n", "Jonas Vaitkus has mentored a number of actors and directors, including director Oskaras Koršunovas and actress Ingeborga Dapkūnaitė, both of whom are well-known internationally.\n", "In February 2018 following the worldwide spread of the Me Too movement Vaitkus was publicly accused of sexual harassment or assault by some of his former students. He has denied the allegations claiming instead that this is a defamation campaign carried out by Russian propaganda.\n", "Section::::Partial filmography.\n", "BULLET::::- \"Utterly Alone\" aka \"Vienui vieni\" (2004)\n", "BULLET::::- \"A Thrush, a Green Bird\" aka \"Drozd - ptakha zelyonaya\" (1990)\n", "Section::::References.\n", "BULLET::::- PERSONALIJA -Jonas VAITKUS. Lithuanian National Drama Theatre.\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Stefon Harris\n", "Stefon DeLeon Harris (born March 23, 1973) is an American jazz vibraphonist.\n", "Section::::Biography.\n", "A native of Albany, New York, Harris intended to work for the New York Philharmonic until he heard the music of Charlie Parker. During the 1990s he recorded with Charlie Hunter and Steve Turre as a session musician. He signed with Blue Note, which released his debut album, \"A Cloud of Red Dust\" (1998). His second album, \"Black Action Figure\", was nominated for a Grammy Award. In 2001 he worked with pianist Jacky Terrasson at the Village Vanguard in New York City and recorded the album \"Kindred\" with him during the same year. His album \"The Grand Unification Theory\" (2003) won the Martin E. Segal Award from Jazz at Lincoln Center.\n", "In April 2009, he headlined at the Orange County Performing Arts Center in Orange County, California.\n", "Harris collaborated with saxophonist David Sánchez and trumpeter Christian Scott in 2011 on the album \"Ninety Miles\". They recorded the album in Havana, Cuba.\n", "Section::::Discography.\n", "Section::::Discography.:As a leader.\n", "BULLET::::- \"A Cloud of Red Dust\" (Blue Note, 1998)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Black Action Figure\" (Blue Note, 1999)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Kindred\" (Blue Note, 2001)\n", "BULLET::::- \"The Grand Unification Theory\" (Blue Note, 2003)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Evolution\" (Blue Note, 2004)\n", "BULLET::::- \"African Tarantella: Dances With Duke\" (Blue Note, 2006)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Urbanus\" (Blue Note, 2009)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Sonic Creed\" (Motema, 2018)\n", "Section::::Discography.:As a co-leader.\n", "BULLET::::- \"Ninety Miles\" (Concord Picante, 2011) with David Sánchez and Christian Scott\n", "BULLET::::- \"Ninety Miles Live at Cubadisco\" (Concord Picante, 2012) with David Sánchez and Christian Scott\n", "Section::::Discography.:As member of The Classical Jazz Quartet.\n", "BULLET::::- \"Tchaikovsky's Nutcracker\" (Vertical Jazz, 2001)\n", "BULLET::::- \"The Classical Jazz Quartet Plays Bach\" (Vertical Jazz, 2002)\n", "BULLET::::- \"The Classical Jazz Quartet Play Rachmaninov\" (Kind of Blue, 2006)\n", "BULLET::::- \"The Classical Jazz Quartet Play Tchaikovsky\" (Kind of Blue, 2006)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Christmas\" (Kind of Blue, 2006)\n", "Section::::Discography.:As a sideman.\n", "BULLET::::- Tim Warfield, \"Jazz Is, A Whisper in the Midnight\" (Criss Cross, 1995)\n", "BULLET::::- Terell Stafford, \"Centripetal Force\" (Candid, 1996)\n", "BULLET::::- Joe Henderson, \"Porgy & Bess\" (Verve, 1997)\n", "BULLET::::- Charlie Hunter, \"Return of the Candyman\" (Blue Note, 1998)\n", "BULLET::::- Jason Moran, \"Soundtrack to Human Motion\" (Blue Note, 1999)\n", "BULLET::::- Greg Osby, \"The Inner Circle\" (Blue Note, 2002)\n", "BULLET::::- Kurt Elling, \"Man in the Air\" (Blue Note, 2003)\n", "BULLET::::- Kenny Barron, \"Images\" (Sunnyside, 2004)\n", "BULLET::::- Buster Williams, \"Griot Libertè\" (HighNote, 2004)\n", "BULLET::::- Janis Siegel, \"Sketches of Broadway\" (Telarc, 2004)\n", "BULLET::::- Lea DeLaria, \"Double Standards\" (Telarc, 2005)\n", "BULLET::::- Diana Krall, \"Christmas Songs\" (Verve, 2005)\n", "BULLET::::- Raul Midón, \"State of Mind\" (Manhattan, 2005)\n", "BULLET::::- Joshua Redman, \"Momentum\" (Nonesuch, 2006)\n", "BULLET::::- Steve Turre, \"Keep Searchin'\" (HighNote, 2006)\n", "BULLET::::- Ry Cooder, \"My Name Is Buddy\" (Nonesuch, 2007)\n", "BULLET::::- Courtney Pine, \"Transition in Tradition\" (Destin-E, 2009)\n", "BULLET::::- Diana Krall, \"Turn Up the Quiet\" (Verve, 2017)\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- \"There are no mistakes on the bandstand\" (TEDSalon NY2011)\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "American musician", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q720524", "wikidata_label": "Stefon Harris", "wikipedia_title": "Stefon Harris" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Louis VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt\n", "Louis VI of Hesse-Darmstadt () (25 January 1630 – 24 April 1678) was Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt from 1661 to 1678.\n", "He was the eldest of three sons of the Landgrave George II of Hesse-Darmstadt and Sophia Eleonore of Saxony.\n", "Section::::Marriage and children.\n", "Louis VI was married twice.\n", "1. On 24 November 1650 he married Maria Elisabeth of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp (1634–1665), daughter of Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp. They had eight children:\n", "BULLET::::- Magdalene Sybille (1652–1712) a renowned composer of baroque churchsongs; she married Duke William Louis of Württemberg.\n", "BULLET::::- Sophie Eleonore (born and died 1653).\n", "BULLET::::- George (1654–1655).\n", "BULLET::::- Marie Elisabeth (1656–1715) married in 1676 Duke Henry of Saxe-Römhild.\n", "BULLET::::- Auguste Magdalene (1657–1674).\n", "BULLET::::- Louis (1658–1678), his successor (Louis VII).\n", "BULLET::::- Frederick (1659–1676)\n", "BULLET::::- Sophie Marie (1661–1712) married in 1681 Duke Christian of Saxe-Eisenberg (1653–1707).\n", "2. On 5 December 1666 he married Elisabeth Dorothea of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (1640–1709), daughter of Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha. They also had eight children.\n", "BULLET::::- Ernst Louis (1667–1739), successor of his half-brother Louis VII who ruled for only 4 months\n", "BULLET::::- Georg (1669–1705), renowned Field Marshal, killed in Barcelona\n", "BULLET::::- Sophie Louise (1670–1758), married Albrecht Ernst II von Oettingen-Oettingen (1669–1731)\n", "BULLET::::- Philip (1671–1736), Imperial Field Marshal and governor of Mantua, married in 1693 princess Marie Therese of Croy (1673–1714); Enrichetta Maria d'Este was their daughter\n", "BULLET::::- Johann (1672–1673)\n", "BULLET::::- Heinrich (1674–1741)\n", "BULLET::::- Elisabeth Dorothea (1676–1721), married Frederick III Jakob of Hessen-Homburg (1673–1746)\n", "BULLET::::- Friedrich (1677–1708), killed in battle\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Sonny Rhodes\n", "Clarence Smith (born Clarence Edward Mauldin, November 3, 1940), known as Sonny Rhodes, is an American blues singer and lap steel guitar player. He has recorded over two hundred songs. \"I'm what you call a self-proclaimed Disciple of the Blues!\" said Rhodes about his years playing and singing for fans of blues around the world. He has been nominated 15 times for Blues Music Awards and won in the category Instrumentalist–Other in 2011.\n", "Section::::Biography.\n", "Born in Smithville, Texas, the son of Emma Mauldin, Rhodes was orphaned as a baby and was adopted by sharecroppers Leroy and Julia Smith. He received his first guitar at the age of eight as a Christmas present and became serious about playing the blues at age 12. He credits his uncle as his source of inspiration. Rhodes began performing around Smithville and nearby Austin in the late 1950s, while still in his teens. He listened a lot to T-Bone Walker when he was young. He acknowledges as influences the guitarists L. C. Robinson, Pee Wee Crayton and B. B. King and the singer Percy Mayfield. With his first band, Clarence Smith and the Daylighters, he played blues clubs in the Austin area until he joined the Navy after high school graduation.\n", "In the Navy, he was stationed in California, where he worked for a while as a radio man and closed-circuit Navy ship disc jockey, telling off-color jokes in between the country and blues records he would spin for the entertainment of the sailors. Rhodes recorded a single, \"I'll Never Let You Go When Something Is Wrong\", for Domino Records in Austin in 1958. He also learned to play the bass guitar. He played bass accompanying the guitarists Freddie King and Albert Collins. After his stint in the Navy, in his mid-20s, Rhodes returned to California and lived in Fresno for a few years before signing a recording contract with Galaxy Records in Oakland. He recorded a single, \"I Don't Love You No More\", in 1966 and another single for Galaxy in 1967, changing his stage name from Clarence Smith to Sonny Rhodes at that time. Frustrated with the San Francisco Bay area record companies, he recorded \"Cigarette Blues\" on his own label, Rhodes-Way Records, in 1978.\n", "Rhodes toured Europe in 1976 and released numerous recordings on European labels, including \"I Don't Want My Blues Colored Bright\" and the live album \"In Europe\". In 1985, he released \"Just Blues\" on Rhodes-Way. In the late 1980s, he recorded \"Disciple of the Blues\", released by Ichiban Records in 1991, and \"Living Too Close to the Edge\", released in 1992. He later moved to Kingsnake Records, releasing several albums including \"The Blues Is My Best Friend\" (1994) and \"Out of Control\" (1995), and touring widely in the US, Canada and Europe. In 2008, he released \"I'm Back Again\". His current release, \"The Essential Sonny Rhodes - Songs & Stories\", on Need To Know Music is a retrospective of his career to date, featuring Rich Kirch, Barry Goldberg, Frank Swart and Dawn Richardson. The record was produced by Brian Brinkerhoff and Frank Swart.\n", "Section::::Other work.\n", "Section::::Other work.:Television.\n", "Rhodes recorded \"The Ballad of Serenity\", the theme music for the television series \"Firefly\", which was written by Joss Whedon, the creator of the series.\n", "Section::::Other work.:Festivals.\n", "Rhodes has played at the San Francisco Blues Festival six times. In 1993, Sonny was the best man in the onstage wedding of Mike and Laura Harrelson at the Sacramento Blues Festival. He also played at the Musicamdo Jazz and Blues Festival in Italy in 2005 and the Fresno Blues Festival in 2007.\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Sonny Rhodes MySpace\n", "BULLET::::- Sonny Rhodes\n", "BULLET::::- Reverbnation article\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Louis VII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt\n", "Louis VII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (22 June 1658 – 31 August 1678) was a Hessian \n", "sovereign.\n", "Louis VII was the son of Landgrave Louis VI of Hesse-Darmstadt and his wife Maria Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp. Following the death of his father, he began to reign as Landgrave on 24 April 1678.\n", "He reigned only 18 weeks and four days before he died from an infection on 31 August 1678.\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [ "Ludwig VII. von Hessen-Darmstadt" ] }, "description": "Ruling Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt for 130 days in 1678", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q267384", "wikidata_label": "Louis VII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt", "wikipedia_title": "Louis VII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Red Murray\n", "John Joseph \"Red\" Murray (March 4, 1884 – December 4, 1958) was an American outfielder in Major League Baseball.\n", "Section::::Career.\n", "Murray was born in Arnot, Pennsylvania. In 1902, he attended Lock Haven College, where he played football, basketball, and baseball. In 1904, Murray changed schools to the University of Notre Dame, playing as a catcher for the Fighting Irish. In 1906, he was signed by the St. Louis Cardinals, and the next year he played at right field and hit seven home runs. During the season, Murray hit a home run. In 1908, he played in all 154 games and finished second in the National League in stolen bases (48), and third both in hits (167) and home runs (7).\n", "Murray was traded to the New York Giants and helped win John McGraw three consecutive pennants. From 1909 to 1912, he ranked third in the league in runs batted in, trailing only Honus Wagner and Sherry Magee. Murray and Wagner tied for the most home runs in the majors from 1907 through 1909 (21). Murray last played in the majors in 1917.\n", "J.C. Kofoed, in the April 1924 issue of \"Baseball Magazine\" wrote:\"Red Murray was for years noted as one of the greatest outfielders in the National League. His throwing arm was the best ever, his ground covering ability and sureness of eye were classic. Furthermore, he was remarkably fast as a base runner, and noted as a batter as well. In his seven seasons as a regular, Murray led NL outfielders in home runs, runs batted in, stolen bases, and assists a total of 16 times. Despite his impressive statistics in power hitting, baserunning, and fielding, he remains one of the least-recognized stars of the Deadball Era.\"\n", "Murray died on December 4, 1958 of acute leukemia at the age of 74 in a hospital near Sayre, Pennsylvania. His obituary ranked him \"with Mel Ott as one of the two greatest right fielders in New York Giant history.\"\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- List of Major League Baseball annual home run leaders\n", "Section::::External links.\n", ", or Retrosheet\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Riho Sibul\n", "Riho Sibul, born 26 June 1958, is an Estonian singer and guitarist of rock band Ultima Thule.\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Review: Riho Sibul (2000)\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Guglielmo Oberdan\n", "Guglielmo Oberdan, (born Wilhelm Oberdank) (February 1, 1858 - December 20, 1882) was an Italian irredentist. He was executed after a failed attempt to assassinate Austrian Emperor Francis Joseph, becoming a martyr of the Italian unification movement.\n", "Section::::Biography.\n", "He was born in the city of Trieste, which was Austrian at the time. His mother was a Slovene woman from Šempas in the County of Gorizia and Gradisca, while his father, Valentino Falcier, was a Venetian soldier in the Austrian army. He did not recognize his son, so Wilhelm took his mother's surname. He was educated in an Italian cultural milieu, embraced irredentist ideas and Italianized his name to \"Guglielmo Oberdan\". In 1877 he enrolled at the Vienna's College of Technology (now Vienna University of Technology) where he studied engineering. As he supported the idea of independence for all of the empire's national groups he resented the occupation of Bosnia-Herzegovina by Austria-Hungary and therefore deserted from the Austro-Hungarian Army because he did not want to take part in military activities there. Instead, he fled to Rome to continue his studies. In the Italian capital he adopted irredentist ideas, aiming at the annexation to Italy of the Italian-speaking lands still under Austro-Hungarian rule. In 1882 he met with irredentist leader and co-founder Matteo Renato Imbriani. It was then that he came to the conviction that only radical acts of martyrdom could bring the liberation of Trieste from Austrian rule.\n", "Section::::The assassination attempt.\n", "In the same year, Emperor Franz Joseph was planning a visit to Trieste as part of the celebration of the 500th anniversary of Habsburg dominion over the city. Although the city had earned itself the honorific title of \"urbs fidelissima\" (\"most faithful city\") for its non-participation in the revolutions of the 1840s, the city was nonetheless a hotbed for Italian irredentists. The ceremonies were accompanied by anti-Austrian demonstrations. At this opportunity, Oberdan and Istrian pharmacist Donato Ragosa plotted an assassination attempt on the Emperor. Oberdan's attempt failed.\n", "Oberdan was arrested and sentenced to hang by an Austrian court. His mother, Victor Hugo and Giosuè Carducci appealed for clemency - but in vain. The condemned Oberdan refused all religious rites, stating \"I am a mathematician and a freethinker, and do not believe in the immortality of the soul\". Just before the execution, he cried \"\"Viva l'Italia!\"\" (Long live Italy!), which helped establish his later reputation as a martyr of the Italian National cause. Statues of him were erected in towns and cities throughout unified Italy.\n", "The Emperor Franz Joseph, who reigned another thirty-five years, never visited Trieste again.\n", "The subsequent assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914, and the revival of irredentism that followed, harked back to Oberdan's earlier attempt.\n", "Section::::Legacy.\n", "Various prominent monuments in Italy celebrate Oberdan. In Trieste, one of the central squares carries his name (\"Piazza Oberdan\"). In Florence, his name is inscribed in the Obelisk of the Fallen in the Wars of Independence in the square in front of Santa Maria Novella. \n", "The Slovene writer Boris Pahor wrote a novel with that title, in which he incorporated the events from Oberdan's life. The Italian writer Enzo Bettiza also depicted Oberdan in his novel \"The Ghost of Trieste\", under the fictitious name of Stefano Nardenk (Narden).\n", "A film adaptation of Oberdan's life was produced in 1915 by Tiber films of Rome. It starred Alberto Collo as Oberdan and was directed by Emilio Ghione, who also played the role of the governor of Trieste. It was one of a number of patriotic, irredentist films produced in Italy during World War One. Emilio Ghione met the irredentist Gabriele D'Annunzio at an invitational showing of the film in Rome and Ghione's inter-titles were praised by D'Annunzio.\n", "John Gatt-Rutner, biographer of the Trieste writer Italo Svevo, suggests that Svevo - 21 years old at the time of Oberdan's execution - was deeply affected by it. In the aftermath, Svevo started writing regularly for the Trieste Irredentist paper L'Indepedente. He never mentioned Oberdan explicitly - the paper was heavily censored and the Austrian authorities considered any manifestation of sympathy for Oberdan as treason. However, on January 21, 1884, Svevo published a translation of Ivan Turgenev's story \"The Worker and the Man with the White Hands\", whose protagonist is sent to the gallows for a rebellious act on behalf of the oppressed; Svevo added the remark that \"What is really moving is not the death of the man with the white hands, but his self-sacrifice on behalf of people who are unable to appreciate it.\" Gatt-Rutner states that \"Triestines could not miss the allusion to Oberdan, which clearly demonstrates the light in which [Svevo] viewed the matter\".\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- I giorni di Trieste: 1882 – L’impiccagione di Guglielmo Oberdan (2 December 2013)\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "Italian failed assassin", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q683579", "wikidata_label": "Guglielmo Oberdan", "wikipedia_title": "Guglielmo Oberdan" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Tomás Eloy Martínez\n", "Tomás Eloy Martínez (July 16, 1934January 31, 2010) was an Argentine journalist and writer. \n", "Section::::Life and work.\n", "Born on July 16, 1934, in San Miguel de Tucumán, Martínez obtained a degree in Spanish and Latin American literature from the University of Tucumán, and an MA at the University of Paris. From 1957 to 1961 he was a film critic in Buenos Aires for the \"La Nación\" newspaper, and he then was editor in chief of the magazine \"Primera Plana\" between 1962 and 1969. From 1969 to 1970 he worked as a reporter in Paris. In 1969 Martínez interviewed former Argentine President Juan Domingo Perón, who was exiled in Madrid. These interviews were the basis for two of his more celebrated novels: \"La Novela de Perón\" (1985) and \"Santa Evita\" (1995). In 1970 he and many former writers of \"Primera Plana\" worked at the magazine \"Panorama\", where Martínez was the director. \n", "On August 15, 1972 he learned of the uprising of political prisoners in the jail at Rawson, Chubut Province. \"Panorama\" was the only publication in Buenos Aires that reported the correct story of the affair in Rawson, which differed significantly from the official version of the \"de facto\" Argentine government. On 22 August he was fired at the behest of the government, whereupon he went to Rawson and the neighboring city of Trelew where he reported the Massacre of Trelew in his book \"The Passion According to Trelew\". The book was banned by the Argentine dictatorship. \n", "For three years (1972–1975) Martínez was in charge of the cultural supplement of La Nación, after which he lived in exile (1975–1983) in Caracas, Venezuela, where he remained active as a journalist, co-founding the newspaper \"El Diario de Caracas\". In his book \"The Memoirs of the General\" he recounts that he was threatened by the \"Triple A\", the Alianza Anticomunista Argentina, and on one occasion, gunmen held a pistol to the head of his three-year-old son because they were witnesses to a crime Martínez believed to be an operation led by the far-right paramilitary group. In 1991, he participated in the creation and launch of the daily newspaper \"Siglo 21\" (November 8, 1991), owned by businessman Alfonso Dau and published by Jorge Zepeda Patterson in Guadalajara, Mexico, which ran for seven years, until December 1998. Also, he created the literary supplement \"Primer Plano\" for the newspaper \"Página/12\" in Buenos Aires.\n", "Martínez has also been a teacher and lecturer. He taught (1984–1987) at the University of Maryland. In 1995, he took a position as distinguished professor of Spanish literature and director of the Latin American Studies program at Rutgers University, New Jersey. He wrote columns for \"La Nación\" and the \"New York Times\" syndicate, and his articles have appeared in many newspapers and journals in Latin America.\n", "He has published a number of books, one of which, \"Santa Evita\", has been translated into 32 languages and published in 50 countries. He was awarded the Guggenheim and Woodrow Wilson fellowships, and won the 2002 Premio Alfaguara de Novela for the novel \"Flight of the Queen\". His works deal primarily (but not exclusively) with Argentina during and after the rule of Juan Domingo Perón and his wife, Eva Duarte de Perón (Evita).\n", "Martínez died in Buenos Aires on January 31, 2010, from a brain tumor.\n", "An exhaustive list of his works may be found in \"The Other Reality—Anthology\" with a prologue by Cristine Mattos, Buenos Aires, Fondo de Cultura Económica de Argentina, S.A., 2006.\n", "Section::::Main publications.\n", "BULLET::::- \"Sacred\" (1969)\n", "BULLET::::- \"The Passion According to Trelew\" (1973, reissued in 1997)\n", "BULLET::::- \"The Perón Novel\" (1985)\n", "BULLET::::- \"La Mano del Amo\" (1991)\n", "BULLET::::- \"The Hand of the Master\" (1991)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Santa Evita\" (1995)\n", "BULLET::::- \"The Memoirs of the General\" (1996)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Common Place - Death\" (1998)\n", "BULLET::::- \"The Argentine Dream\" (1999)\n", "BULLET::::- \"True Fictions\" (2000)\n", "BULLET::::- \"The Flight of the Queen\" (2002)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Requiem for a Lost Country\" (2003)\n", "BULLET::::- \"The Lives of the General\" (2004)\n", "BULLET::::- \"The Tango Singer\" translated by Anne McLean (2004)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Purgatory\" translated by Frank Wynne (2008)\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Official website of the Tomas Eloy Martinez Foundation, in Spanish\n", "BULLET::::- Obituary, \"The Independent\", UK\n", "BULLET::::- Obituary, \"New York Times\"\n", "BULLET::::- special edition literary supplement \"La Nacion\", in Spanish\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [ "Tomas Eloy Martinez" ] }, "description": "Spanish author", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q1362119", "wikidata_label": "Tomás Eloy Martínez", "wikipedia_title": "Tomás Eloy Martínez" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Ahmed Reda Madouni\n", "Ahmed Reda Madouni (; born 4 October 1980) is a retired Algerian footballer who played as a defender.\n", "Section::::Club career.\n", "Madouni played for Montpellier and Borussia Dortmund before joining Bayer Leverkusen. In 2007, he transferred to Qatar to play for Al-Gharafa. In July 2009, Madouni signed for French Ligue 2 club Clermont. On 19 May 2010, he joined 1. FC Union Berlin on a three-year contract.\n", "Madouni moved to Nantes in 2012.\n", "Madouni signed a contract with Energie Cottbus on 17 January 2014 for six months with an option to extend for another year. He left Cottbus at the end of the season after they were relegated from the 2. Bundesliga.\n", "Section::::International career.\n", "A former French youth international formed in Montpellier, Madouni made the switch to join the Algeria national team in June 2005, as he played his first game for the Fennecs, a friendly against Mali. He holds two international caps.\n", "Section::::Honours.\n", "Montpellier\n", "BULLET::::- UEFA Intertoto Cup: 1999\n", "Borussia Dortmund\n", "BULLET::::- Bundesliga: 2001–02\n", "Al-Gharafa\n", "BULLET::::- Qatar Stars League: 2007–08\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Cédric Carrasso\n", "Cédric Carrasso (; born 30 December 1981) is a French footballer, who currently plays as a goalkeeper and is currently free agent. He has also played for the French national team.\n", "Section::::Club career.\n", "Section::::Club career.:Marseille.\n", "Carrasso joined the Marseille youth system at the age of thirteen and, despite leaving for Avignon for one year in 1998, it was there that he signed his first professional contract. Before he had a chance to play for the first team, he was loaned out to Crystal Palace for the 2001–02 season, where he only got to play one match. Upon his return to Marseille, Carrasso made his debut for Marseille in a 2–0 win over Montpellier on 2 November 2002, where he got his first clean sheet in his professional debut and later on he replaced Vedran Runje for a couple of games, but seriously injured himself in an exhibition match against France 98 and was sidelined for the whole of the 2003–04 season. He was then loaned out again, this time to Guingamp, for the following season, and there he became the number one keeper for the first time in his career.\n", "When he returned to Marseille, Carrasso was asked to fill in during Fabien Barthez's long ban. His performances were deemed impressive enough for him to retain the starting keeper position for the 2006–07 season and force Barthez to leave the club. On 9 October 2005, Carrasso signed a new contract which will keep him until 2009. In the second leg of UEFA Cup on 16 March 2006 against Zenit Saint Petersburg leading 1–0 in the first leg, Carrasso received a red card in his Marseille career on a 90th minutes as the result was 1–1 which means Zenit Saint Petersburg won 2–1 on aggregate. Carrasso remained as a first choice goalkeeper for Marseille until on 22 August 2007, however, Carrasso injured his left Achilles tendon, which ruled him out for six months. During that time, Steve Mandanda stepped in and, when Carrasso finally returned, Eric Gerets informed him that he would be but the number two goalkeeper from then on.\n", "Section::::Club career.:Toulouse.\n", "Unwilling to spend another season on the bench, Carrasso joined FC Toulouse for the 2008–09 season. In Toulouse, he had the difficult task of replacing Nicolas Douchez who had left for Rennes that same summer. On 10 August 2008, Carrasso made his debut for Toulouse in a 3–0 loss against Olympique Lyonnais. Despite the loss, Carrasso remained first choice goalkeeper ahead of Sébastien Hamel and Olivier Blondel. Toulouse conceded only 27 goals during the 2008 campaign, the fewest in the Championnat. Carrasso also has a total of clean sheet of 19 in the league.\n", "Section::::Club career.:Bordeaux.\n", "His performances attracted the attention of defending champions Bordeaux, who needed a replacement for the iconic but aging Ulrich Ramé and on 30 June he was acquired for a transfer fee of €8 million. Following his move to Bordeaux, Carrasso told L’Equipe that he was now looking forward to Champions League football with his new club. Carrasso also told L'Equpe:\n", "Carrasso made his debut for Bordeaux in 4–1 win over Lens. By 9 August 2009, he had amassed a total of 29 clean sheets in League 1. Despite his success, Carrasso conceded 5 times to Lorient in a 5–1 loss on 19 February 2012 and received a straight red card in stoppage time, earning him a one-match ban. (This was Carrasso's second sending-off against Lorient, the first coming during his spell with Guingamp, when he was dismissed in minute 76 of the 1-1 draw between Lorient and Guingamp played 20 September 2004.) During his one-match ban, Ulrich Ramé, the man he replaced as first-choice keeper at Bordeaux, deputized for him. Carrasso returned to action against Brest in a 3–1 win on 6 March 2011. His consistent performances with Bordeaux resulted in a new contract running until 2015. On 17 September 2011, during his third season at Bordeaux, with the Girondins winning 2–0 at half time against Toulouse, Carrasso received another red card, this time for a foul on Franck Tabanou. He was replaced by youngster Abdoulaye Keita who conceded a late goal from Emmanuel Rivière in an eventual 3–2 loss. Once again, Carrasso received a one-match ban. On this occasion, newly arrived goalkeeper Kévin Olimpa took his place, mading his debut against Lille in a 1–1 draw. After serving his ban, Carrasso returned to action against Lyon in a 3–1 loss on 24 September 2010.\n", "Section::::Club career.:Galatasaray.\n", "Carrasso signed for Galatasaray after his contract with Bordeaux expired on 8 September 2017.\n", "After the end of 2017–2018 season the club did not offer a new contract and Carrasco became a free agent player.\n", "Section::::International career.\n", "Thanks to excellent performances with Toulouse, Carrasso received his first call-up for the French national team for a friendly against Argentina on 11 February 2009. He was then called up for every subsequent France game by Raymond Domenech, but always in the role of third keeper behind Hugo Lloris and Steve Mandanda. He was included in the squad for the 2010 FIFA World Cup, but injured himself in training. Stéphane Ruffier was called up the fill in as third keeper. However, FIFA denied France's request for this substitution, and Carrasso remained the official third keeper despite the fact that Ruffier was training with the French squad.\n", "When Laurent Blanc took over as the French manager, he also named Carrasso as his third keeper for every game (apart from a friendly against Norway for which none of the 23 members of the previous World Cup were called up). Carrasso made his debut in the friendly game against Poland played on 8 June 2011.\n", "When Didier Deschamps became the new French head coach, he dropped Carrasso from the French squad. He has not received a national team call up since February 2012, and it is unlikely that Carrasso will play again for France.\n", "Section::::Personal life.\n", "His younger brother, Johann, plays as a goalkeeper for Stade de Reims.\n", "He is married and has one daughter, Léana.\n", "Section::::Career statistics.\n", "Section::::Career statistics.:Club.\n", "BULLET::::- Notes\n", "Section::::Honours.\n", "Bordeaux\n", "BULLET::::- Trophée des Champions: 2009\n", "BULLET::::- Coupe de France: 2012–13\n", "Galatasaray\n", "BULLET::::- Süper Lig: 2017–18\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [ "Cedric Carrasso" ] }, "description": "French association football player", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q1931", "wikidata_label": "Cédric Carrasso", "wikipedia_title": "Cédric Carrasso" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Demetrius Ferreira\n", "Demetrius Ferreira (born January 19, 1974) is a Brazilian footballer. \n", "Efficient from his beginnings, the Brazilian knew his technical qualities shown notably in offensive stages. While he was traced by number of English clubs, the ex-Bastia defender chose to sign with Olympique de Marseille for two years in June 2004, having been on loan there since January 2004. His first complete season (2004–05) was mediocre, just like the team.\n", "In 2005-06, he made good matches before losing his place because of much more mediocre performances. He was later used merely to fill in at the end of match for injured or suspended players. His contract ended in June, 2006. During the 2006/2007 season, he played for Troyes AC in France. Now he is unattached. Whilst at Marseille he started in the 2004 UEFA Cup Final.\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Profile at LFP.fr\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "Brazilian footballer and manager", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q2855068", "wikidata_label": "Demetrius Ferreira", "wikipedia_title": "Demetrius Ferreira" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "John Wereat\n", "John Wereat (c. 1733January 25, 1799) was an American politician and the Governor of Georgia.\n", "Section::::Personal life.\n", "Wereat was born in Road (now Rode, Somerset) in England, around 1733 and migrated to the colonies in 1759. He married the former Hannah Wilkinson. They arrived in Savannah in 1759, where John partnered with William Handley, who was related to Hannah.\n", "Section::::Political life.\n", "John Wereat was appointed to the Council of Georgia on April 14, 1766. In the early years of the American Revolution, Wereat was a member of the Provincial Congress and the Council of Safety. From 1776 through the end of the war, he served as Georgia's Continental agent, representing the state in dealings with Congress. Wereat was a delegate for Georgia in the Continental Congress and Governor of Georgia in 1779. During his term as governor, he fought against the Yazoo land fraud, organizing the Georgia Union Company in an attempt to buy western lands and prevent them from inclusion in the Yazoo sales. The Yazoo land fraud left a stain on Georgia politics for years, finally being resolved under the governorship of James Jackson.\n", "Wereat spent a year as a prisoner of the British in Charleston, South Carolina after initially being taken captive in Augusta in 1780.\n", "After his gubernatorial term, Wereat served as state auditor from 1782 until 1793. In December 1787 he presided over the state convention that unanimously ratified the new Federal Constitution.\n", "John Wereat was in the Whig party along with John Martin and Lyman Hall.\n", "Section::::Death and legacy.\n", "John Wereat died at his Bryan County, Georgia plantation on January 25, 1799.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- List of U.S. state governors born outside the United States\n", "Section::::References.\n", "BULLET::::- New Georgia Encyclopedia entry for John Wereat\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "American politician", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q1702134", "wikidata_label": "John Wereat", "wikipedia_title": "John Wereat" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Gerrit Achterberg\n", "Gerrit Achterberg (20 May 1905 – 17 January 1962) was a Dutch poet. His early poetry concerned a desire to be united with a beloved in death.\n", "Achterberg was born in Nederlangbroek in the Netherlands as the third son of a family of eight children. He was raised as a Protestant within the Calvinist tradition. His father was a coachman until the automobile gained popularity. Achterberg was a very good student, and in 1924 he embarked on a career as a teacher. In the same year, he made his literary debut together with Arie Dekkers, who had encouraged him to write, together publishing \"De Zangen van Twee Twintigers\" (English: \"The Songs of Two Twenty-Somethings\").\n", "Meanwhile, Achterberg became more withdrawn and introverted. After he was turned down by the military due to \"sickness of the soul\", he threatened to kill himself. \n", "Achterberg's literary career began to take off when Roel Houwink presented himself as his mentor. Achterberg published his collection \"Afvaart\" in 1931, in which his famous theme, of a love irrevocably lost, was already strongly present. After the publication of \"Afvaart\", Achterberg suffered a mental breakdown and was committed to a psychiatric institution several times. His mental instability caused occasional violent outbursts.\n", "These eruptions of violence escalated in 1937. At that time, Achterberg was living in Utrecht and was again engaged to be married. Despite his engagement, he fell in love with his landlady, Roel van Es. On December 15, 1937, he tried to force himself on Van Es' daughter Bep. When Van Es tried to stop him, he shot and killed her, and wounded her daughter. After the shooting, he turned himself in and was sentenced to involuntary commitment. He was committed until 1943. During this commitment and the period following (between 1939 and 1953), he published 22 collections of poetry.\n", "In 1946 he married his childhood friend Cathrien van Baak, with whom he lived in Leusden until he died from a heart attack in 1962.\n", "In 1959, Achterberg received the Constantijn Huygens Prize for his entire body of work.\n", "Achterberg's most famous work is the sonnet sequence \"Ballade van de gasfitter\" (1953; English: \"A Tourist Does Golgotha\" and \"Ballad of the gasfitter\"). J.M. Coetzee included this sonnet sequence in an anthology of his English translations of Dutch poetry entitled \"Landscape with Rowers\" (2004). Earlier in his career, Coetzee also wrote an essay on this sonnet sequence, titled: 'Achterberg's \"Ballade van de gasfitter\": The Mystery of I and You' (1977),\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- Margriet Ehlen - Dutch composer who has set some of Achterberg's poetry to music\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Dutch Royal Library - Detailed Biography and Bibliography in Dutch\n", "BULLET::::- File Gerrit Achterberg in the Digital Library of Dutch Literature (DBNL) (including bibliography, primary and secondary texts)\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Alessandro Ballan\n", "Alessandro Ballan (born 6 November 1979 in Castelfranco Veneto, Veneto) is an Italian former professional road bicycle racer who most recently rode for UCI World Tour team . He is best known for winning the World Road Race Championships, in 2008. Although he possesses a frame that is usually more associated with climbing, Ballan has established himself as a leading spring classics contender in recent years. His nickname, \"Bontempino\", is a diminutive reference to Guido Bontempi, to whom he bears a resemblance.\n", "Section::::Career.\n", "Ballan turned professional in 2004 with the team. Despite a decent amateur career, Ballan was not sought after by professional teams, and required a little bit of help to secure a professional contract. In his first season, Ballan worked as a domestique for Romāns Vainšteins and Gianluca Bortolami.\n", "Section::::Career.:2005.\n", "In 2005, Ballan was given the opportunity to aim for high placings in the spring classics and achieved a stage victory and second overall in the Three Days of De Panne, along with sixth place in the Tour of Flanders, having attacked the leading group with 37 km to go. Later in the season, he achieved his first ProTour victory in taking stage 4 of the Eneco Tour of Benelux.\n", "Section::::Career.:2006.\n", "In 2006, Ballan started his spring classics campaign as a highly rated contender, given his performances in 2005 and his success in the warm-up races in winning the Trofeo Laigueglia, a second place to Tom Boonen in the E3 Prijs Vlaanderen and third overall at the Tirreno–Adriatico. Ballan was a leading protagonist in the classics: he took fifth at the Tour of Flanders and followed this with third at Paris–Roubaix, following the disqualifications of Peter Van Petegem, Vladimir Gusev and Leif Hoste. Later in the season, Ballan further proved his talent with a second placing in stage 12 of the Tour de France and a third place overall in the Tour de Pologne. Ballan finished in sixth place in the individual rankings of the 2006 UCI ProTour.\n", "Section::::Career.:2007.\n", "In 2007 Ballan suffered a broken collarbone during Tirreno–Adriatico. Despite this injury, Ballan worked hard in Milan–San Remo, although Ballan's teamleader Daniele Bennati did not win the race. Nearly two weeks later, Ballan won the Three Days of De Panne after an escape during stage 1. Ballan did not win the stage, but beat his nearest opponent Luca Paolini during the closing time trial, in which Ballan finished 10. On 8 April, Ballan took a prestigious win at the Tour of Flanders in a close sprint finish ahead of local favourite Leif Hoste of Belgium. Ballan is the first Italian to win the Tour of Flanders and the Three Days of De Panne in the same season. On 19 August he won the Vattenfall Cyclassics with an attack in the final kilometer, holding off all of the sprinters, including former winner Óscar Freire and promising young German sprinter Gerald Ciolek, to take his second one-day classic of the season.\n", "Section::::Career.:2008.\n", "His spring of 2008 wasn't as prolific as 2007 although he was involved in the decisive break of Paris–Roubaix and rode hard to a third place behind past winners Tom Boonen and Fabian Cancellara together with whom he entered the Roubaix Velodrome losing out in a sprint to the line. This came a week after a fourth place in defence of his Tour of Flanders crown. He again opted to skip his home tour – the Giro d'Italia, but raced in both the other grand tours – the Tour de France and the Vuelta a España, winning a mountain stage and wearing the leader's jersey in the latter.\n", "In September 2008 Ballan won the UCI Road Race World Championships. In a race in which 2007 champion and Italian team mate Paolo Bettini was favourite, Ballan was again involved in the decisive break on the final lap of the undulating Varese circuit. From a group of 12 riders, including 2 Italian team mates Damiano Cunego and Davide Rebellin, Ballan attacked from 1500 metres out and held off the sprint to win by 3 seconds in front of his home crowd.\n", "Section::::Career.:2009.\n", "As if suffering from the curse of the rainbow jersey, Ballan was diagnosed with cytomegalovirus in March 2009 and as a result was unable to contest that year's Spring Classics and Giro. During the Tour de France he had an average performance, only coming into the picture in the 19th stage as part of a breakaway which was caught before the finish line.\n", "In August 2009, he won the Tour of Poland. Ballan signed with for the 2010 season.\n", "Section::::Career.:2012.\n", "At the Tour of Flanders in April, Ballan placed third after initiating a break with 25 km to go. Boonen and Pozzato took up the chase and placed ahead of Ballan in the final sprint. In December, Ballan suffered a severe training crash during a descent as he was riding with his team in Spain. He fractured his left femur, broke a rib and ruptured his spleen, which had to be removed. He spent a little more than a week in intensive care.\n", "Section::::Doping sanction.\n", "Ballan is one of 27 people indicted in Italy as part of the Mantova doping investigation. In 2010 when the enquiry was announced he was subsequently suspended by the BMC cycling team. He was later cleared by BMC and allowed to race again on 28 May 2010. In November 2013 it was reported that CONI were seeking a 2-year ban for violation of article 2.2 of the WADA code.\n", "In January 2014, CONI handed Ballan a two-year suspension. His contract with was subsequently terminated.\n", "Late 2015, his suspension was overturned in court, and Ballan was cleared of any wrongdoing.\n", "In 2016, Ballan had attempted to get a contract as professional cyclist, but was unable to do so and thus retired.\n", "Section::::Career achievements.\n", "Section::::Career achievements.:Major results.\n", "BULLET::::- 2005\n", "BULLET::::- 2006\n", "BULLET::::- 2007\n", "BULLET::::- 2008\n", "BULLET::::- 2009\n", "BULLET::::- 2010\n", "BULLET::::- 2011\n", "BULLET::::- 2012\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Interview Alessandro Ballan (2013)\n", "BULLET::::- Team Profile\n", "BULLET::::- Eurosport Profile\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "road bicycle racer", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q360064", "wikidata_label": "Alessandro Ballan", "wikipedia_title": "Alessandro Ballan" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Oleksandr Maksymov\n", "Oleksandr Maksymov (; born 13 February 1985 in Zaporizhia) is a Ukrainian footballer who most recently played for Pembroke Athleta in Malta.\n", "Section::::Career.\n", "He also played for Torpedo-BelAZ Zhodino in the Belarusian Premier League, FC Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk, FC Arsenal Kyiv and the Ukraine national football team. He was in the Ukraine under-21 squad when and was a finalist of the UEFA U-21 Cup, but the team lost to the Netherlands.\n", "In summer 2007 he signed from FC Kharkiv.\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "André-Hubert Fournet\n", "Saint André-Hubert Fournet (6 December 1752 – 13 May 1834) was a French Roman Catholic priest and the co-founder - alongside Saint Jeanne-Elisabeth Bichier des Ages- of the Sisters of the Cross. Fournet had a disdain for religion in his childhood but became a priest due to the shining example and influence of an uncle of his. He later fled France in 1792 following a brief arrest during the French Revolution after refusing to take the oath and returned sometime later where he met Bichier.\n", "Fournet's canonization cause opened under Pope Pius IX in 1877 and he became titled as a Servant of God while Pope Benedict XV named him as Venerable upon the confirmation of his heroic virtue. Pope Pius XI beatified him in 1926 and canonized him a short while after in 1933.\n", "Section::::Life.\n", "André-Hubert Fournet was born on 6 December 1752 in Vienne to Pierre Fournet and Florence Chasseloup. He had at least one sister and his cousin was Julien Augustin Chasseloup de Chatillon (1760-1800). His uncle Antoine Fournet baptized him in the local parish church on 7 December.\n", "Fournet found most things bored him and religion in his childhood was one such thing he deemed to be a bore. This disdain for religion continued to grow because his mother kept nagging him to become a priest and he often said of it: \"I'm still not going to be a priest or monk\". Fournet went through legal and philosophical studies at Poitiers but ran off from school as a sign of rebellion towards his mother and even joined the armed forces; his mother found him and pulled him out of it. He did not want to go for jobs and his poor handwriting limited the scope of job hunting. His uncle Jean Fournet - a rural pastor - made such an influence on him that he decided to become a priest and he was later ordained as such in 1776 before being made the parish priest of his own hometown (succeeding his uncle) in 1781 to the happiness of his mother who had her wish fulfilled.\n", "The French Revolution saw him refuse to take the oath and he continued his now illegal pastoral mission in secret. On 6 April 1792 - on Good Friday - he was arrested for his activities. He declined being taken to jail in a carriage and said since that point when Jesus Christ carried His cross it behooved His followers to travel on foot. He would escape and at one point assumed the place of a dead person on a bier. Fournet then fled to Spain in 1792 and later returned in 1797.\n", "He made the acquaintance of Saint Jeanne-Elisabeth Bichier des Ages in 1798 and collaborated with her in the establishment of her new religious order named the Sisters of the Cross. He even drew up the monastic rule that the new congregation would follow. He is said to have - in what was seen as a miracle - multiplied food for the members of the new congregation and their charges a number of times. He retired from his parish duties in 1820 but continued to direct the new order until his death. From 1820 until his death he lived with his sister.\n", "Fournet died in mid-1834.\n", "Section::::Sainthood.\n", "The sainthood process opened on 19 July 1877 under Pope Pius IX and the priest was titled as a Servant of God as a subsequent result while local investigations - an informative and apostolic process - were held in Poitiers. The confirmation of his life of heroic virtue allowed for Pope Benedict XV to title him as Venerable on 10 July 1921.\n", "Pope Pius XI confirmed two miracles to him and beatified him on 16 May 1926 while the confirmation of an additional two allowed for the same pope to canonize Fournet as a saint on 4 June 1933.\n", "Section::::Sources.\n", "BULLET::::- Attwater, Donald and Catherine Rachel John. \"The Penguin Dictionary of Saints\". 3rd edition. New York: Penguin Books, 1993. .\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Hagiography Circle\n", "BULLET::::- Saints SQPN\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "Founder of the Congregation of the Daughters of the Holy Cross", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q516333", "wikidata_label": "Andrew Fournet", "wikipedia_title": "André-Hubert Fournet" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Doug Benson\n", "Douglas Steven Benson (born July 2, 1962) is an American comedian, marijuana rights advocate, television host, actor and reality-show judge who has appeared on \"Getting Doug With High\", \"Comedy Central Presents\", \"Best Week Ever,\" and \"Trailer Park Boys,\" and was a contestant on \"Last Comic Standing\" in the show's fifth season. He currently serves as a judge for the Comedy Central series \"The High Court with Doug Benson\".\n", "In 2007, he starred in the film \"Super High Me\", a documentary about marijuana usage. Benson also currently hosts the popular \"Doug Loves Movies\" podcast along with his weekly marijuana video podcast show \"Getting Doug with High\". His Comedy Central series \"The Benson Interruption\" ended its first season in December 2010 and was turned into a monthly podcast in January 2011.\n", "Section::::Early life.\n", "Benson was born and raised in San Diego, California, to parents Wendy (Young), a pharmacy clerk, and Robert Matthew Benson, a former English teacher turned salesman. After attending Grossmont College, a community college in El Cajon, he moved to Los Angeles to pursue an acting career. Benson was raised Methodist. As a child, Benson struggled with vertigo and poor depth perception as a result of his close-set eyes.\n", "Section::::Career.\n", "Section::::Career.:Early career.\n", "While in Los Angeles, Benson began doing stand-up after he and two other friends dared each other to. One of them didn't show, and the other one signed up too late. Benson claimed that \"I went in anyway and did my three minutes of whatever I could come with and people actually laughed.\" At the age of 22, Benson began performing regularly as a stand-up comedian; however, it wasn't until 28 that he became a stoner, after a week's worth of gigs smoking pot afterwards alongside Brian Posehn and Greg Proops. He made his earliest television appearances as a stand-up in the late 1980s and early 1990s on programs such as Comedy Central's \"The A-List\" and \"Two Drink Minimum\" and was one of the featured comedians in the cast of Joel Hodgson's sketch-comedy pilot \"The TV Wheel\" which aired on Comedy Central in 1995. One of Benson's earliest jobs in television was writing for the MTV game-show \"Trashed\" in 1994.\n", "Along with comedian friends Arj Barker and Tony Camin, Benson co-created and performed in the comedy stage-show \"The Marijuana-Logues\". He also hosted \"High Times\" ' 6th annual Stony Awards with rapper Redman.\n", "Section::::Career.:Comedy albums.\n", "Benson appeared on the comedy compilation album \"Comedy Death-Ray\".\n", "On August 4, 2009, Benson's second album, \"Unbalanced Load\", was released by Comedy Central Records. His third album, \"Hypocritical Oaf\" was released on August 31, 2010. Benson aims to record a new album every April 20 (with a subsequent summer release date) for as many consecutive years as possible. Benson's fourth album, \"Potty Mouth,\" was released on August 29, 2011. The pattern continued with the release of his fifth album, \"Smug Life\", which was released on July 3, 2012, and \"Gateway Doug\", his sixth album, released on July 9, 2013. On July 8, 2014, Doug released a sequel to \"Gateway Doug\" entitled \"Gateway Doug 2: Forced Fun\". His latest album release is \"Promotional Tool\" which came out on June 9, 2015.\n", "Section::::Career.:\"Doug Loves Movies\" podcast.\n", "In 2006, Benson began hosting a weekly comedy podcast, titled \"Doug Loves Movies\" (formerly \"I Love Movies with Doug Benson\"), which is recorded in front of a live audience at the Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre in Los Angeles. The show typically tapes weekly, and is later archived on iTunes for fans to listen to for free. Benson and guests talk about movies and comedy both. Benson's guests have included such notables as Daniel Van Kirk as Mark Wahlberg, John Lithgow, Leonard Maltin, Brian Posehn, Joe Rogan, Zach Galifianakis, Sarah Silverman, Patton Oswalt, Jon Hamm, Adam Carolla, David Cross, Bob Odenkirk, Scott Aukerman, Adam Scott, Ron Bennington, Aziz Ansari, Amy Poehler, Wayne Federman, Elisabeth Shue, Aubrey Plaza, Michael Cera, Edgar Wright, Paul F. Tompkins, T.J. Miller, Kumail Nanjiani, Gillian Jacobs, Michael Sheen.\n", "A regular feature of the podcast is the Leonard Maltin Game, which has been described as \"Name That Tune\" with movies instead of songs. The game consists of Benson reading excerpts from a Leonard Maltin review and guests wagering how many names, read from the bottom of the cast list up, it would take for them to identify the movie.\n", "Other regular features of the podcast include the segments \"Tweet Relief: Tweets About Movies\", \"Watch This/Not That\", \"Not for Emetophobes\", and \"From the Corrections Department\", as well as the games \"Build a Title\", \"Name a Movie\", \"A-B-C-Deez Nuts\", \"How Much Did This Shit Make?\", \"Lincoln or Bane?\", \"Love, Like, Hate, Hate-Like\", \"Doing Lines with Mark Wahlberg\", \"Last Man Stanton\", \"Whose Tagline Is It Anyway\", \"Now Buscemi Now You Don't\", \"Tell The Truth!, Live Die Repeat, Alex and Jason and Deb's IMDB game,\" and \"F Marry Kill: Movies\".\n", "At the conclusion of many of the early podcasts, Doug would state \"As always, Willem Dafoe is a Shithead,\" which resulted in so many people wondering about why, that Google searches began to automatically complete the phrase as a suggested match. The Willem Dafoe comment started as a joke based on the fact that it would seemingly be the only bad words ever uttered about Dafoe, but many people didn't catch on and, after explaining it a few times, Benson decided to let Dafoe rest. Now, the runners up in the Leonard Maltin game are allowed to name one shithead as a consolation prize.\n", "In 2010, Benson started an annual, 2 hour Twelve Guests of Christmas special every holiday season. This episode features 12 guests (occasionally more) rather than the usual 3 guests and they play an elimination style Leonard Maltin Game. Scott Aukerman won the first year, while Graham Elwood dominated the next two years in a row. The 2013 champion was podcast fan and Pardcast-A-Thon auction winner, Sean Sakimae. Sakimae also qualified for the next Tournament of Champions for naming the film \"Titanic\" in negative names and winning the game. Riki Lindhome beat Jimmy Pardo in the finals of the 2014 edition when Pardo couldn't get the name Lori Singer when going negative three on \"Footloose\". Scott Aukerman bested Sarah Silverman for his second win in 2015.\n", "In addition to \"Doug Loves Movies\", Benson has begun recording \"The Benson Interruption\" and releasing it as a monthly podcast for $1.99 and has appeared on numerous other podcasts, including \"Comedy Bang Bang\", \"The Joe Rogan Experience\", \"WTF with Marc Maron\", \"The Adam Carolla Show\", \"Nerdist\" with Chris Hardwick, \"Mohr Stories\", \"You Made It Weird\" with Pete Holmes, \"Never Not Funny\", and \"Who Charted\" with Howard Kremer and Kulap Vilaysack.\n", "Section::::Career.:\"Getting Doug With High\".\n", "Benson started a weekly talk-show on \"YouTube\" entitled \"Getting Doug with High\", that generally airs live every Wednesday at 4:15 p.m PST. Benson invites featured guests to recreationally smoke marijuana with him at . He asks them questions and discusses topics (usually related to marijuana), and at the end of the show, he makes them watch a magic trick. Notable guests on the show include Cheech Marin, Tommy Chong, Kevin Smith, Jay Chandrasekhar, Jack Black, Andy Richter, Dan Harmon, Michael Ian Black, Sarah Silverman, Pete Holmes, David Cross, Aubrey Plaza, Greg Proops, Joey Diaz, Horatio Sanz, Jenny Slate, Ron Funches, Jeff Ross, Doug Stanhope, Todd Glass, Brian Posehn, Anthony Jeselnik, Margaret Cho, Kyle Kinane, and Reggie Watts as well as comedy groups Trailer Park Boys, Workaholics, and Broad City. Occasionally, the show is done in front of a live audience in Los Angeles where the performers take turns inhaling from bags of vaporized marijuana.\n", "Section::::Career.:\"Super High Me\".\n", "In 2008, Benson was the protagonist of the film \"Super High Me\" (a play on the name and concept of the film \"Super Size Me\"), released on DVD on June 10, 2008. In the movie, Benson compares the results of not smoking any marijuana at all for 30 days versus the effects of smoking as much marijuana as possible for the same amount of time. The film was produced by Red Envelope Entertainment. The results of the experiment were that it had little or no negative effects on Doug's health. Doug is currently suing the people who made the original film to stop a sequel.\n", "Section::::Career.:\"The Benson Interruption\".\n", "On November 5, 2010 Comedy Central began airing \"The Benson Interruption\", hosted by Benson. The show is based on the live stand-up comedy showcase of the same name that he has hosted in Los Angeles for many years. Special guests for the series include comedians Chris Hardwick, Patton Oswalt, Brian Posehn, Adam Carolla, Nick Swardson, Rob Huebel, Nick Kroll, Thomas Lennon, Mary Lynn Rajskub and Eugene Mirman.\n", "The show spun off into a monthly audio-only podcast on January 21, 2011, which took the TV show's format and altered it slightly by allowing the performances and conversations to play out in longer unedited episodes.\n", "Section::::Career.:\"The High Court with Doug Benson\".\n", "Benson currently stars as the judge on \"The High Court with Doug Benson\", a comedic court show on Comedy Central. During each episode Benson is under the influence of cannabis. All of the cases featured are real and all of his rulings are real and legally binding. The series premiered on February 28, 2017. After hearing the case with his guest bailiff, Judge Doug and the bailiff retire to his chambers where they smoke marijuana while deciding the case. Special guest bailiffs for the series include comedians Tiffany Haddish, Michael Ian Black, Reggie Watts, Todd Glass, Rory Scovel, Brandon Wardell, and others. The series is produced by JASH and Propagate Content.\n", "Section::::Career.:Other film work.\n", "While working as a stand-in on numerous movies in the 1980s, he had visible roles as an extra in films such as \"Blade Runner\", \"Fast Times at Ridgemont High\", \"About Last Night\" and a backup dancer in the Disney theme park attraction \"Captain EO\".\n", "Section::::Career.:Other television work.\n", "In the mid to late 1990s, Benson had small roles on HBO's \"Mr. Show with Bob and David\", which was co-created by his friend David Cross. He also had small roles on \"Curb Your Enthusiasm\", \"How I Met Your Mother\", \"The Sarah Silverman Program\", \"Yes, Dear\" and \"Friends\".\n", "In 2007, Benson was a contestant on fifth season of the NBC reality show \"Last Comic Standing\". He was voted off the program during the ninth episode, earning him 6th place overall.\n", "In the 2000s, the comedian regularly appeared on the VH1 show \"Best Week Ever\" and taped several episodes of \"Comedy Central Presents\".\n", "On December 29, 2009, Benson had a documentary special called \"The High Road with Doug Benson\" air on the G4 network. The special followed Benson and comedian Graham Elwood on one of their stand-up comedy tours.\n", "Benson regularly appears as a panelist on the Comedy Central program \"@midnight\", and during the week of January 4–7, 2016, was featured during a weeklong special titled the \"Benson Bowl,\" featuring many marijuana-related games. Benson currently ranks first in number of appearances on the show, as well as victories.\n", "Section::::\"Red Eye\" incident.\n", "On March 17, 2009, the host of the Fox News comedy program \"Red Eye w/ Greg Gutfeld\" along with Benson as a panelist, joked about Canadian Lieutenant General Andrew Leslie's statement that the Canadian Armed Forces may require a one-year \"synchronized break\" once Canada's mission in Afghanistan ends in 2011. \"Meaning, the Canadian military wants to take a breather to do some yoga, paint landscapes, run on the beach in gorgeous white Capri pants,\" Gutfeld said. \"I didn't even know they were in the war\", added Benson, then continued, \"I thought that's where you go if you \"don't\" want to fight. Go chill in Canada.\" Gutfeld also said: \"Isn't this the perfect time to invade this ridiculous country? They have no army!\"\n", "The segment drew wide attention and outrage in Canada after being posted on YouTube following the reported deaths of four Canadian soldiers in Afghanistan three days earlier. Canada, at the time, had been in command of the NATO mission in the Kandahar Province, the birthplace and former Taliban capital, for the past three years. Along with the Helmand Province, the two provinces were \"home to some of the fiercest opposition to coalition forces\" and reported to \"have the highest casualty rates per province.\"\n", "Canadian Defence Minister Peter MacKay called on Fox to apologize for the satirical comments, describing the remarks as \"despicable, hurtful and ignorant.\" Benson was scheduled to appear in Canada at Edmonton's \"The Comic Strip\" April 3–5, 2009, but the shows were canceled after the owner received threats of \"bodily injury\" toward the American comic. \"Some were saying he wouldn't make it from the airport to the club. For everyone's safety, we decided it was best to avoid the scenario altogether,\" said manager Rick Bronson. Benson offered an apology following the incident on \"CTV News\" \"Power Play with Tom Clark\". The comedian stated that he was \"ignorant about the situation in Afghanistan\" and that the timing of the jokes were \"completely out of line\". \"I honestly said things, in retrospect, I completely regret\" said Benson and has vowed to \"never appear on the show again\".\n", "Section::::Discography.\n", "Section::::Discography.:Compilation.\n", "BULLET::::- \"Comedy Death-Ray\" (2008)\n", "Section::::Discography.:Albums.\n", "BULLET::::- \"Professional Humoredian\" (2008) AST Records\n", "BULLET::::- \"Unbalanced Load\" (2009) Comedy Central Records\n", "BULLET::::- \"Hypocritical Oaf\" (2010) Comedy Central Records\n", "BULLET::::- \"Potty Mouth\" (2011) Comedy Central Records\n", "BULLET::::- \"Smug Life\" (2012) Comedy Central Records\n", "BULLET::::- \"Gateway Doug\" (2013) AST Records\n", "BULLET::::- \"Gateway Doug 2: Forced Fun\" (2014) AST Records\n", "BULLET::::- \"Promotional Tool\" (2015) AST Records\n", "BULLET::::- \"Doug Dynasty\" (2015) AST Records\n", "BULLET::::- \"Lexington, KY 5/7/17\" (2017) AST Records\n", "Section::::Filmography.\n", "BULLET::::- \"Captain EO\" (1986)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Return of the Living Dead Part II\" (1988)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Friends\" (1998)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Curb Your Enthusiasm\" (2001)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Run Ronnie Run\" (2002)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Yacht Rock\" (2005)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Heckler\" (2007)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Super High Me\" (2007)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Last Comic Standing\" (2007)\n", "BULLET::::- \"How I Met Your Mother\" (2008)\n", "BULLET::::- \"The High Road with Doug Benson\" (2009)\n", "BULLET::::- \"The Benson Interruption\" (2010)\n", "BULLET::::- \"The Greatest Movie Ever Rolled\" (2012)\n", "BULLET::::- \"The Jeselnik Offensive\" (2013)\n", "BULLET::::- \"@midnight\" (2013–)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Doug Dynasty\" (2014)\n", "BULLET::::- \"ChronicCon Episode 420 A New Dope\" (2015)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trailer Park Boys\" (2016)\n", "BULLET::::- \"The Lego Batman Movie\" (2017)\n", "BULLET::::- \"The High Court with Doug Benson\" (2017)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Mr. Roosevelt\" (2017)\n", "BULLET::::- \"You're the Worst\" (2016–2019)\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Interview with Doug Benson, Submerge Magazine, July 2009\n", "BULLET::::- Interview with Doug Benson, The Mixtape, March 2010\n", "BULLET::::- Doug Benson's Total Scam of a Life\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "American actor and comedian", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q5300294", "wikidata_label": "Doug Benson", "wikipedia_title": "Doug Benson" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Reid Blackburn\n", "Reid Turner Blackburn (August 11, 1952 – May 18, 1980) was an American photographer killed in the 1980 volcanic eruption of Mount St. Helens. A photojournalist covering the eruption for a local newspaper—the Vancouver, Washington \"Columbian\"—as well as \"National Geographic\" magazine and the United States Geological Survey, he was caught at Coldwater Camp in the blast.\n", "Blackburn's car and body were found four days after the eruption. His camera, buried under the debris of the eruption, was found roughly one week later.\n", "After his death, Blackburn was praised by his coworkers and friends alike. They spoke of his talent and enthusiasm, as well as his sometimes \"acerbic\" sense of humor. His wife, Fay, concluded that he had died doing what he loved.\n", "Section::::Life.\n", "Blackburn was born in 1952, the son of an engineer who possessed \"a fixation on figuring out the way things worked\". He loved the idea of photography, once equating it to \"painting with light\". He was an accomplished photographer, and had received accolades from the Associated Press for his photographs. Blackburn also authored a book on outboard hydroplane racing.\n", "Blackburn attended Linfield College in McMinnville, Oregon. He began working at \"The Columbian\" newspaper in 1975 as a photojournalist. It was there that he met his wife, Fay Mall, who worked in the newspaper's display advertising department. The two dated for several months before marrying in the summer of 1979. Blackburn enjoyed hiking and loved the outdoors.\n", "Section::::Assignment at Mount St. Helens.\n", "According to coworker and photo editor Steve Small, St. Helens was Blackburn's favorite mountain. They climbed it together several times, and referred to it as \"the Sleeping Beauty of the Northwest.\"\n", "Blackburn first became interested in the possibility of an eruption at Mount St. Helens in March 1980, when a series of earthquakes rocked the volcano. Having already climbed the mountain, he was intrigued by the situation and was eventually assigned to document the activity of the volcano for his outdoor skills and his meticulousness. By May, he had begun camping out at the volcano as a joint project to take pictures of the volcanic phenomena for \"The Columbian\", \"National Geographic\", and the United States Geological Survey.\n", "Despite being assigned to stay on the mountain only until May 17, Blackburn opted to stay a few more days. Blackburn was situated near Coldwater Creek, from the volcano, on the day of the eruption.\n", "Early on May 18, an earthquake measuring 5.1 on the Richter scale struck the region, creating a massive landslide—- of rock that released pressure on the volcano's crater, causing an ejection of steam. Just seconds later, Mount St. Helens erupted laterally, sending supersonic pyroclastic flows into the forest below.\n", "Section::::Death.\n", "Blackburn was killed when a pyroclastic flow enveloped the area where he was camped out. His car was found four days later, surrounded up to the windows in ash with his body inside. The windows had been broken and ash filled the interior of the vehicle.\n", "In early June, \"National Geographic\" photographer Fred Stocker recovered Blackburn's camera from debris thick. The film was not salvageable, as the intense heat from the eruption had corrupted the negatives.\n", "The 1980 event was the deadliest and most destructive volcanic eruption in the history of the United States. A total of 57 people are known to have died, and more were left homeless when the ash falls and pyroclastic flows destroyed or buried 200 houses. In addition to Blackburn, resident Harry Randall Truman, photographer Robert Landsburg, and volcanologist David Alexander Johnston were killed.\n", "Section::::Legacy.\n", "After his death, friends and coworkers of Blackburn came forward to compliment his pleasant character and his talent. Friends described Blackburn as having \"an impishness his friends came to expect.\" Coworker Mike Prager called Reid \"one of the funniest and most talented journalists in the Pacific Northwest\" who \"made his job look easy, he was that good.\" Tom Koenninger, editor of \"The Columbian\", described Blackburn's humor as \"wry\" and sometimes \"acerbic\", but elaborated that Blackburn was \"gentle, displaying aggression when it was necessary for him to get close to a subject he was photographing.\" Commenting on her husband's dedication to photography, Fay Blackburn remarked, \"if Reid were alive today, he'd probably be back on the front line seeking to capture the latest chapter in the mountain's evolution, in spite of the risk.\" \"Reid loved that mountain. He climbed it, hiked it, skied it.\" She added that he died doing what he loved.\n", "The National Press Photographers Association awards a competitive scholarship annually in Blackburn's honor, worth $2000. In 2005 \"The Columbian\" offered an internship to applicants for the scholarship in memory of Blackburn.\n", "In December 2013, a roll of undeveloped film containing pre-eruption shots of Mount St. Helens was discovered in Blackburn's archives at \"The Columbian\". The photos, taken by Blackburn during a helicopter photo shoot of the mountain the month before the eruption, were successfully developed over 30 years after Blackburn's death, and remain journalistically important as a record of the pre-eruption landscape.\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Daniel J. Elazar\n", "Daniel Judah Elazar (August 25, 1934 – December 2, 1999) was a professor of political science at Bar-Ilan University (Israel) and Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was the Director of the Center for the Study of Federalism at Temple University and the founder and president of the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs.\n", "Section::::Biography.\n", "Elazar was born in Minneapolis in 1934. He received his M.A. and Ph.D. from the University of Chicago where he studied under renowned federalism scholar Morton Grodzins. He maintained residences in Philadelphia and Jerusalem. He was married to Harriet, with whom he had three children.\n", "Section::::Academic career.\n", "Elazar was a leading political scientist and specialist in the study of federalism, political culture, the Jewish political tradition, Israel and the world Jewish community. As founder and President of the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, he headed the major independent Jewish \"think tank\" concerned with analyzing and solving the key problems facing Israel and world Jewry. He was Professor of Political Science at Temple University in Philadelphia, where he founded and directed the Center for the Study of Federalism, a leading federalism research institute. He held the Senator N.M. Paterson Professorship in Intergovernmental Relations at Bar-Ilan University in Israel, heading its Institute for Local Government. In 1986, President Reagan appointed him a citizen member of the U.S. Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations, the major intergovernmental agency dealing with federalism issues. He was appointed for a second term in 1988 and a third in 1991. He was the founding president of the International Association of Centers for Federal Studies, Secretary of the American Political Science Association, was Chairman of the Israel Political Science Association, and was a member of various consultative bodies of the Israeli government.\n", "Elazar was the author or editor of more than 60 books and many other publications including a 4-volume study of the Covenant Tradition in Politics, as well as Community and Polity, The Jewish Polity, and People and Polity, a trilogy on Jewish political and community organization from earliest times to the present. He also founded and edited the scholarly journal Jewish Political Studies Review. His books in the area of federalism include \"The American Partnership\" (1962); \"American Federalism: A View from the States\" (1966); \"The American Mosaic\" (1994); and \"Exploring Federalism\" (1987). He was also the author of a multi-generational study of the development of civil community in midwestern cities. The research produced \"Cities of the Prairie\" (1970), \"Cities of the Prairie Revisited\" (1986) and \"Cities of the Prairie: Opening Cybernetic Frontiers\" (2004). He was also the founder and editor of \"Publius, the Journal of Federalism\".\n", "Elazar was recognized as an expert on Jewish community organization worldwide, on the Jewish political tradition, and on Israel's government and politics. He was a consultant to the Israeli government, the Jewish Agency, the World Zionist Organization, the city of Jerusalem, and to most major Jewish organizations in the United States and in Canada, Europe, South Africa and Australia. He took a leadership role in numerous local and national Jewish organizations. He was President of the American Sephardi Federation, and served on the International Council of Yad Vashem.\n", "Elazar was twice a John Simon Guggenheim Fellow, was a Fulbright Senior Lecturer, and received grants from the American Council of Learned Societies, the Earhart and Ford Foundations, the Huntington Library, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and the National Science Foundation. He served as consultant to many federal, state and local agencies, including the U.S. Departments of Education, Health and Human Services, and Housing and Urban Development, the National Governors' Association, the Education Commission of the States, and the Pennsylvania Science and Technology Commission, as well as to the governments of Israel, Canada, Cyprus, Italy, South Africa, and Spain.\n", "Section::::Honors and awards.\n", "Elazar was a member of Phi Beta Kappa. He was awarded honorary degrees from the Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion in Cincinnati and Gratz College in Philadelphia, and received awards for distinguished scholarly contributions from the Section on Intergovernmental Administration and Management of the American Society for Public Administration, the Section on Federalism and Intergovernmental Relations of the American Political Science Association, and the Association for the Social Scientific Study of Jewry. The Federalism and Intergovernmental Relations Section of the American Political Science Association has created the Daniel Elazar Distinguished Federalism Scholar Award to recognize scholars who have made significant contributions to the field.\n", "Section::::Political theories.\n", "Elazar authored a four-volume comprehensive work on the idea of covenant called \"The Covenant Tradition in Politics\":.\n", "BULLET::::- Volume 1: \"Covenant and Polity in Biblical Israel: Biblical Foundations and Jewish Expressions\": The covenants of the Bible are the founding covenants of Western civilization. They have their beginnings in the need to establish clear and binding relationships between God and humans and among humans, relationships which must be understood as being political far more than theological in character, designed to establish lines of authority, distributions of power, bodies politic, and systems of law.\n", "BULLET::::- Volume 2: \"Covenant and Commonwealth: From Christian Separation through the Protestant Reformation\": The history of the covenant tradition in the Western world has, in the course of two thousand years, undergone three separations, each of which has established a stream of covenant tradition of its own: (1) the separation between Judaism and Christianity; (2) the separation between Christianity and its Reformed wing; and (3) the separation between Jewish and Christian covenantalists and believers in a secular compact.\n", "BULLET::::- Volume 3: \"Covenant and Constitutionalism: The Great Frontier and the Matrix of Federal Democracy\": \"The great frontier\" that began at the end of the 15th century, whereby Europe embarked on an expansion that made Europeans and their descendants the rulers of the world for 500 years, was seen as a great opportunity for beginning again, launching an unprecedented movement of migration and colonization.\n", "BULLET::::- Volume 4: \"Covenant and Civil Society: The Constitutional Matrix of Modern Democracy\": The settlement of new worlds by bearers of the covenant tradition in politics gave those settlers an unparalleled opportunity to build societies on the covenantal model or as close to it as they could.\n", "Elazar wrote extensively about the tradition of politics in Jewish scripture and thinking. His works on the subject include: \"Kinship and Consent: The Jewish Political Tradition and Its Contemporary Uses\", \"Authority, Power and Leadership in the Jewish Polity: Cases and Issues\", and \"Morality and Power: Contemporary Jewish Views\".\n", "BULLET::::- \"Kinship and Consent\": The exploration of the Jewish political tradition is predicated on the recognition of the Jews as a separate people, not merely a religion or a set of moral principles growing out of a religion. The exploration of the Jewish political tradition, then, is an exploration of how the Jews as a people managed to maintain their polity over centuries of independence, exile and dispersion, and how they animated that polity by communicating their own expressions of political culture and modes of political behavior.\n", "BULLET::::- \"Authority, Power and Leadership in the Jewish Polity\": Many Jews are finding that they express themselves Jewishly through political means, if at all, whether that entails support of Israel or other causes which then become \"Jewish\" causes, or through working within the political and communal organizations of the Jewish people, which increasingly are perceived for what they are, namely, means of organizing power.\n", "BULLET::::- \"Morality and Power\": In September 1988, as the intifada approached the end of its first year, a distinguished group of leaders in academic and public affairs in Israel and the diaspora was invited to participate in a symposium on the problems of relating morality and power in contemporary statecraft.\n", "The Elazar typology of Jewish communal involvement is a typology laid out in \"Community and Polity: The Organizational Dynamics of American Jewry\". It categorizes the degree of involvement American Jews have in the Jewish community:\n", "BULLET::::- \"Integral Jews\" make up 10-13 percent. For these, Jewishness is a central focus of life and is passed through generations. Specifically, integral Jews may express their Jewishness \"through traditional religion, ethnic nationalism or intensive involvement in Jewish affairs.\"\n", "BULLET::::- \"Participants\" make up 12-15 percent. For this group, Judaism is a \"major avocational interest\"; they \"take part in Jewish life in a regular way but whose rhythm of life follows larger society.\" Participants are likely to regularly attend synagogue and to be involved in different organizations, examples including participating in adult education, \"fundraising for Jewish causes,\" or lobbying for Israel.\n", "BULLET::::- \"Affiliates\" make up 30-33 percent. These are \"members of Jewish organizations but not particularly active\"; they may be \"affiliated with synagogues but irregular attenders.\"\n", "BULLET::::- \"Contributors and Consumers\" make up another 25-33 percent. They \"periodically use the services of Jewish organizations as needed,\" and keep a Jewish identity but remain \"minimally associated.\" They may on occasion contribute financially to Jewish organizations.\n", "BULLET::::- \"Peripherals\" make up 25 percent. These are \"recognizably Jewish but wholly uninvolved in Jewish life\"; they have \"no particular desire to use Jewish institutions or contribute to organizations\"\n", "BULLET::::- \"Repudiators\" and \"Converts-Out\" make up 2-7 percent. This group includes those who have converted to another religion and who \"actively deny Jewishness.\"\n", "Elazar's theories on the political subcultures in the American states, articulated in \"American Federalism, A View From the States\" have been influential and remains relevant among scholars of American politics. Elazar argues that there are three dominant political subcultures in the American states: moralistic (government viewed as egalitarian institution charged with pursuing the common good), traditionalistic (government viewed a hierarchical institution charged with protecting an elite-centered status quo), and individualistic (government viewed as minimalist institution charged with protecting the functionality of the marketplace but is otherwise not active). Elazar's theory is still routinely used as variable in academic research and is discussed in most textbooks on American state and local government.\n", "Section::::Published works.\n", "BULLET::::- The American Partnership: Intergovernmental Cooperation in the United States, 1962\n", "BULLET::::- American Federalism: A View from the States. 1966\n", "BULLET::::- The American System: A New View of Government in the United States, edited for Morton Grodzins, 1966\n", "BULLET::::- Cooperation and Conflict, Readings in American Federalism, Elazar as editor, 1969\n", "BULLET::::- The Politics of American Federalism, editor, 1969\n", "BULLET::::- Cities of the Prairie: The Metropolitan Frontier and American Politics, 1970\n", "BULLET::::- The Politics of Belleville, 1971\n", "BULLET::::- The Ecology of American Political Culture, editor with Joseph Zikmund II, 1975\n", "BULLET::::- Community and Polity: The Organizational Dynamics of American Jewry, 1976\n", "BULLET::::- A Classification System for Libraries of Judaica, with David H. Elazar, 1979\n", "BULLET::::- Self Rule/Shared Rule: Federal Solutions to the Middle East Conflict, editor, 1979\n", "BULLET::::- Federalism and Political Integration, editor, 1979\n", "BULLET::::- Republicanism, Representation and Consent: Views of the Founding Era, editor, 1979\n", "BULLET::::- Kinship and Consent: The Jewish Political Tradition and Its Contemporary Uses, editor, 1981\n", "BULLET::::- Governing Peoples and Territories, editor, 1982\n", "BULLET::::- Judea, Samaria, and Gaza: Views on the Present and Future, editor, 1982\n", "BULLET::::- State Constitutional Design in Federal Systems, editor with Stephen L. Schechter, 1982\n", "BULLET::::- Covenant, Polity and Constitutionalism, editor with John Kincaid, 1983\n", "BULLET::::- Jewish Communities in Frontier Societies, with Peter Medding, 1983\n", "BULLET::::- Kinship and Consent: The Jewish Political Tradition and Its Contemporary Uses, editor, 1983\n", "BULLET::::- From Autonomy to Shared Rule: Options for Judea, Samaria, and Gaza, editor, 1983\n", "BULLET::::- The Balkan Jewish Communities: Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Greece, and Turkey, with Harriet Pass Friedenrich, Baruch Hazzan, and Adina Weiss Liberies, 1984\n", "BULLET::::- The Jewish Communities of Scandinavia: Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Finland, with Adina Weiss Liberies and Simcha Werner, 1984\n", "BULLET::::- Understanding the Jewish Agency: A Handbook, editor with Alysa M. Dortort, 1984\n", "BULLET::::- The Jewish Polity: Jewish Political Organization From Biblical Times to the Present, with Stuart A. Cohen, 1985\n", "BULLET::::- The Covenant Connection: From Federal Theology to Modern Federalism, editor with John Kincaid, 2000\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- Political culture of the United States\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Biography of Professor Elazar\n", "BULLET::::- Political Science Bibliography of Daniel J. Elazar\n", "BULLET::::- The Daniel Elazar On-Line Library\n", "BULLET::::- Memorial Site\n", "BULLET::::- Daniel Elazar collection on the Berman Jewish Policy Archive @ NYU Wagner\n", "BULLET::::- Daniel Elazar's Three Political Cultures\n", "BULLET::::- Center for the Study of Federalism Tributes to Daniel Elazar\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [ "Daniel Judah Elazar" ] }, "description": "American political scientist", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q5217613", "wikidata_label": "Daniel J. Elazar", "wikipedia_title": "Daniel J. Elazar" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Wilhelm Eduard Albrecht\n", "Wilhelm Eduard Albrecht (4 March 1800 – 22 May 1876) was a German constitutional lawyer, jurist, and docent. Albrecht was most notable as a member of the Göttingen Seven, a group of academics who in 1837 protested against the abrogation of the constitution of the Kingdom of Hanover by King Ernest Augustus.\n", "Albrecht was born in Elbing (Elbląg), West Prussia, and studied in Berlin, Göttingen, and Königsberg. He taught jurisprudence in Königsberg in 1829, relocating to Göttingen the following year. After his association with the Göttingen Seven in 1837, which resulted in his dismissal, he found work as a freelance lecturer in Leipzig. Here, in 1840, he became a professor of law.\n", "In 1847 Albrecht joined the Lübeck chapter of the Germanistentage. In 1848, during the March Revolution, Albrecht was a member of the Frankfurt Parliament and a delegate to the Siebzehnerausschuss, whose constitution he prepared. From 18 May to 17 August he represented Harburg in the Frankfurt Parliament, where he allied himself with the Casino faction.\n", "In 1863 Albrecht was appointed to the \"Geheim Hofrat\" (approx. \"Secret Advisory Council\"), shortly before his retirement in 1868.\n", "Albrecht remains a significant figure in jurisprudence for his conception of the state as a purely theoretical legal entity, a view he developed in an 1837 review of Romeo Maurenbrecher's \"Grundsätze des heutigen Staatsrechts\". This view stands in opposition to the old Germanic concept of the state as \"Verbandsperson\", a collective person, a position defended by Otto von Gierke.\n", "His father in law was the astronomer Christian Ludwig Ideler.\n", "Section::::References.\n", "BULLET::::- Anke Borsdorff: \"Wilhelm Eduard Albrecht, Lehrer und Verfechter des Rechts. Leben und Werk.\" Centaurus-Verlags-Gesellschaft, Pfaffenweiler 1993,\n", "BULLET::::- Heinrich Best, Wilhelm Weege: \"Biographisches Handbuch der Abgeordneten der Frankfurter Nationalversammlung 1848/49\". Düsseldorf: Droste-Verlag, 1998. (S. 81)\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Biography from the Göttingen archive\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Federico Tedeschini\n", "Federico Tedeschini (12 October 1873 – 2 November 1959) was an Italian Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church who served as Papal Datary in the Roman Curia from 1938 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1933 \" in pectore\" (published 1935) by Pope Pius XI.\n", "Section::::Biography.\n", "Born in Antrodoco, Tedeschini studied at the seminary in Rieti and, together with his fellow theologian Eugenio Pacelli, later to be Pope Pius XII, at the Pontifical Roman Seminary, before being ordained to the priesthood on 25 July 1896. He then served as a seminary professor and canon theologian of the cathedral chapter in Rieti until 1901. Fr. Tedeschini was raised to the rank of Privy Chamberlain of His Holiness on 6 November 1903, and Chancellor of the Secretariat of Briefs in the Roman Curia on 20 October 1908. He became Substitute for General Affairs, or deputy, of the Secretary of State on 24 September 1914.\n", "On 31 March 1921, he became Apostolic Nuncio to Spain and on 30 April 1921 was appointed Titular Archbishop of Naupactus by Pope Benedict XV. He received his episcopal consecration on the following 5 May from Pope Benedict himself, with Archbishop Giovanni Nasalli Rocca di Corneliano and Bishop Agostino Zampini, OSA, serving as co-consecrators, in the Sistine Chapel. During his tenure as nuncio, Tedeschini founded the Spanish Catholic Action. With Spain on the brink of civil war, Pope Pius XI secretly (\"in pectore\") elevated him to the College of Cardinals on 13 March 1933. His appointment was published in the consistory of 16 December 1935, and he became Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria della Vittoria. He was named Papal Datary on 25 February 1938, and served as a cardinal elector in the 1939 papal conclave that selected Pope Pius XII,\n", "Section::::Biography.:Tedeschini and Pope Pius XII.\n", "Pope Pius XII appreciated in his former fellow student \"a very special quality of spirit and heart\". He appointed him his own successor as Archpriest of St. Peter's Basilica on 14 March 1939. He was appointed Cardinal Bishop of Frascati on 28 April 1951. In 1950, Pius XII gratefully acknowledged the participation of Tedeschini in preparing the proclamation of the Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary and highlighted his role in the Apostolic Constitution \"Munificentissimus Deus\". Sharing a special affection for the Virgin Mary, Pope Pius XII asked Tedeschini to be his representative at the centennial celebrations in Lourdes.\n", "He participated in the conclave of 1958, which resulted in the election of Pope John XXIII. Cardinal Tedeschini died from cancer in Rome, at age 86, leaving his entire estate (over $25,000) to his nephews. He is buried in the grotto of St. Peter's Basilica.\n", "Section::::Biography.:Sources.\n", "BULLET::::- Pio XII, \"Discorsi e Radiomessaggi di Sua Santita\" (Vol I-XX) Tipografia Pologlotta Vaticana, 1939.1959\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church\n", "BULLET::::- Catholic-Hierarchy\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [ "Federico Cardinal Tedeschini" ] }, "description": "Catholic cardinal", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q220129", "wikidata_label": "Federico Tedeschini", "wikipedia_title": "Federico Tedeschini" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Toufik el-Hibri\n", "Sheikh Toufik El Hibri, (1869–1954) () was one of the primary founders of the Scout movement in Lebanon, as well as one of the earliest promoters of the Scouting movement in the Arab world, while much of the region was still within the Ottoman Empire. He was born in \"Harat Eljoruah\" (حارة الجورة) neighborhood of central Beirut. He died in Beirut on 7 October 1954.\n", "Section::::Life.\n", "His family was brought up in a religious family and received his education in the presence of well known sheiks in the \"Omari Mosque\" and Emir Monzer Mosque.\n", "He had the opportunity to learn his religion and life wisdom from different scientist from around the world like Morocco, Damascus, India and many famous visitors to Beirut who had acquaintance with his father.\n", "Section::::Social activities.\n", "He had many social activities some of which are: President of the Islamic Teaching and Education Committee school which started in 1899.\n", "Section::::Scouting activities.\n", "In 1905, he sponsored two young Indian men who came to Beirut to continue their post secondary education. He supported them to establish a new youth movement that was initiated by Baden-Powell which he called the \"Ottoman Scout.\" After the end of World War I, he recreated the Scout movement under the name \"The Moslem Scout\" (الكشاف المسلم ). He sent delegates to Libya to help establishing a Scout movement there.\n", "In 1973, his son Muhammad el-Hibri was awarded the \"Bronze Wolf\", the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting.\n", "Section::::Offspring.\n", "He is the father of Khalil al-Hibri, a prominent Lebanese politician and businessman, and Mohamad al-Hibri who was an active member of the Lebanese jarah Scout and Yahya Al-Hibri who was a Lebanese Diplomat. His grandchildren are Azizah Y. al-Hibri, a prominent women activist in the United States, and Hind Al Hibri who is involved in scientific research. Ibrahim Al-Hibri was an industrialist and philanthropist and the father of Fuad El-Hibri.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- Lebanese Scouting Federation\n", "BULLET::::- Türkiye İzcilik Federasyonu\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "Scouting pioneer", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q7828764", "wikidata_label": "Toufik El Hibri", "wikipedia_title": "Toufik el-Hibri" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Georges Henri Roger\n", "Georges Henri Roger (4 June 1860 – 19 April 1946) was a French physiologist born in Paris. He studied medicine in Paris, where he later became a professor of experimental pathology and physiology. In 1930 he was appointed dean of the medical faculty.\n", "In the field of experimental pathology, he performed research of cholelithiasis and hepatic disease. Among his written works were articles on diseases of the liver, gastro-intestinal tract and spinal cord. In addition his 1897-98 lectures at the University of Paris were translated into English, and published as \"Introduction to the Study of Medicine\" (1901)\n", "With Georges-Fernand Widal (1862-1929) and Pierre Teissier (1864-1932), he was co-author of the 22-volume \"Nouveau traité de médecine\" (New Treatise of Medicine), which was a comprehensive French masterpiece of anatomy and pathology. His name is lent to the eponymous \"Roger's reflex\"; a term that is sometimes used to describe excessive salivation due to irritation of the lower part of the esophagus.\n", "Section::::References.\n", "BULLET::::- Dictionary of medical eponyms by Barry G. Firkin, Judith A. Whitworth\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- \"Introduction to the study of medicine\" by Henri Roger, M. S. Gabriel\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "French physiologist", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q5546827", "wikidata_label": "Georges Henri Roger", "wikipedia_title": "Georges Henri Roger" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Tamron Hall\n", "Tamron Hall (born September 16, 1970, in Luling, Texas) is an American broadcast journalist and television host. Hall was formerly the national news anchor for NBC News, day-side anchor for MSNBC, host of the program\" MSNBC Live with Tamron Hall,\" and a co-host of Today's Take, the third hour of \"Today\". She currently hosts \"Deadline: Crime\" on Investigation Discovery channel. In summer 2016, Investigation Discovery premiered a new special, \"Guns on Campus: Tamron Hall Investigates\", which commemorated the 50th anniversary of the tower shooting at the University of Texas at Austin. In September 2019, Hall will debut a self-titled syndicated talk show.\n", "Section::::Early career.\n", "Hall received her Bachelor of Arts in Broadcast Journalism from Temple University. She quickly moved to KTVT in Fort Worth, Texas. From 1997 to 2007, she worked for WFLD-TV in Chicago, Illinois. As a former Chicago resident, she frequently reported on issues related to Chicago politics. She held several positions at WFLD, which included general assignment reporter, consumer reporter, and she was the host of the three-hour segment \"Fox News in the Morning\". Tamron covered many \"breaking news\" stories at WFLD, including one of the most devastating accidents involving Amtrak in Illinois.\n", "Section::::Early career.:MSNBC.\n", "Hall joined national news network MSNBC and NBC News in 2007. She also landed a one-on-one interview with Barack Obama before he announced his run for presidency in 2008.\n", "Section::::2009–present.\n", "At MSNBC, Hall served as a general reporter and fill-in anchor, first achieving prominence as a substitute anchor for Keith Olbermann on \"Countdown with Keith Olbermann\". Hall then joined David Shuster as co-host of a two-hour program, \"The Big Picture\", which premiered June 1, 2009, and concluded January 29, 2010. Hall anchored as a substitute for Natalie Morales, and also anchored on the weekends.\n", "Section::::2009–present.:NewsNation.\n", "Hall was the host of \"NewsNation with Tamron Hall\".\" News Nation\" was launched in 2010, and includes high-profile interviews and coverage of U.S., global and entertainment news. This segment airs weekdays from 2-3 p.m ET. News Nation has covered many important American events including a live television broadcast from Ground Zero in New York City after the death of Osama Bin Laden was declared. This segment also covered the final space shuttle launch in 2011 and also Hurricane Isaac in 2012. Tamron tries to encourage viewers to express their own opinions through Facebook and Twitter on prominent controversial news stories.\n", "Section::::2009–present.:Today Show.\n", "As of February 24, 2014, Hall was a co-anchor of \"Today's Take\", the show's third hour with Natalie Morales, Al Roker and Willie Geist. On the March 20, 2015, \"Today\" show episode, Hall mentioned that she has often checked into hotels under the pseudonym \"DJ Warm Cookies\". Hall is the first African American woman to co-anchor the \"Today\" show. On the day she signed the deal, she wore the jacket of American singer and civil rights activist Lena Horne, which she bought from her estate sale. Horne remains a primary inspiration to Hall.\n", "It was announced in July 2013 that Hall would host another series, \"Deadline: Crime With Tamron Hall\", on Investigation Discovery. It debuted on September 1, 2013. The weekly newsmagazine series features two crime occurrences per episode with Hall and her investigative team digging deeper to uncover details on why/how things happened within each case. Tamron dedicates the series to her older sister, whose death was ruled a homicide in 2004, and remains unsolved. Hall's team is extremely diligent in their efforts, in and out of the studio, to retrieve information from as many reputable sources as possible in this one-hour program.\n", "On February 1, 2017, NBC News and Hall released a joint statement confirming that Hall departed from NBC and MSNBC, as her contract with the former would expire by the end of the month.\n", "Section::::2009–present.:Talk show.\n", "In July 2017, it was announced that Hall and Harvey Weinstein were producing a daytime talk show that would be hosted and executive produced by Hall.\n", "On August 8, 2018, it was announced that Hall had entered an agreement with Disney–ABC Domestic Television to produce a syndicated daytime talk show, which she will host. The show was picked up by ABC Owned Television Stations in late September 2018. It is scheduled to air in Fall 2019. In December 2018, Hearst Television pick up the show for stations in 24 markets. ABC Entertainment named Bill Geddie as executive producer for Hall's show on January 22, 2019. With 85% US coverage and 47 of top 50 markets,it was announced on March 4, 2019 that the show, \"Tamron Hall\", would debut on September 9, 2019.\n", "Section::::2009–present.:Anti-domestic violence campaign.\n", "In 2004, Hall's sister Renate was murdered, following bouts of domestic violence. Initially, officers informed Hall's family of their certainty of her attacker's identity. However, as of this writing, that person has not been brought to justice. During an interview at the Television Critics Association,\" \"Hall described the awful day when she received the call that her sister was found dead face down in her pool. She said there were many signals of domestic abuse that she realized at the time, but did not do anything to intervene, and she also partly blames herself for the death of her sister.\n", "Hall credited her personal experience with domestic violence for the drive to host \"Deadline: Crime\". In a blog post published by Hall for \"Today\", she wrote about the struggles of talking about her sister and her unsolved murder. Initially, she was afraid to speak out, because she thought she \"would be seen as exploiting the problem\". She did not decide to take action until years later.\n", "Through \"Today\"s \"Shine A Light\" campaign, Hall fights against domestic abuse. Shine A Light supports causes including homelessness, hunger, and abuse. Her goal is to create a PSA for schools and camps that helps spread awareness of emotionally and physically abusive relationships in teens. Hall's fundraising efforts benefit Day One New York, Inc., which helps fight dating abuse. So far they have raised over $40,000.\n", "Tamron Hall was the 2017 Honorary Muse in the Krewe of Muses parade during Mardi Gras in New Orleans.\n", "Section::::Awards and nominations.\n", "Hall was nominated for an Emmy for her consumer report segment, \"The Bottom Line,\" which first aired in 1999. Tamron served as reporter of the NBC News segment \"The Inauguration of Barack Obama,\" which was nominated for an Emmy in October, 2010. Hall received the Lew Klein Alumni in the Media award from Temple University in 2010. She also had another Emmy nomination for her segment called \"Education Nation: Teacher Town Hall\" in 2011. Tamron has also been featured in several major news publications, including ones by Ebony Magazine, Forbes, Huffington Post, and several others. She won an Edward R. Murrow Award for her report on domestic abuse in 2016.\n", "Section::::Other appearances in media.\n", "BULLET::::- Hall was featured on a 2014 episode of \"Running Wild with Bear Grylls\" where she and Bear Grylls hiked for two days in the Pink Cliffs of southwestern Utah. They rappelled down several cliffs, cooked a squirrel over a fire, and hiked over rugged terrain.\n", "Section::::Personal life.\n", "Hall is married to music executive Steven Greener. In March 2019, Hall revealed that she was expecting her first child. On April 25, 2019, Hall announced that she had given birth to a son named Moses. \n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- New Yorkers in journalism\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- NewsNation on MSNBC\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Ernie Fazio\n", "Ernest Joseph Fazio (January 25, 1942 – December 1, 2017) was an American professional baseball second baseman. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Houston Colt .45s (1962–63) and Kansas City Athletics (1966). Fazio attended Santa Clara University, threw and batted right-handed, stood tall and weighed .\n", "Fazio signed with the Colt .45s and split his first professional season, , between Houston's first-ever National League team and its Triple-A affiliate, the Oklahoma City 89ers. In , he was able to play in 102 games for Houston by filling in at second base, third base and shortstop. He hit both of his major league home runs in that year, off lefthanders Denny Lemaster and Hall of Famer Warren Spahn of the Milwaukee Braves.\n", "After the season, he was the \"player to be named later\" in an earlier trade that sent Houston pitcher Jesse Hickman to the Athletics for slugger Jim Gentile. Despite his small stature, Fazio had shown power that year by hitting 23 home runs for Oklahoma City. He played in 27 games for the Athletics as a backup infielder during the season.\n", "All told, Fazio appeared in 141 MLB games, and garnered 50 hits in 274 at bats.\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Baseball-Reference.com\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Sharon Blady\n", "Sharon Anne Blady, is a Canadian politician in the province of Manitoba. She was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba in the 2007 provincial election in the constituency of Kirkfield Park. Blady is a member of the New Democratic Party. Prior to her election, she was an instructor of social work and native studies at the University of Manitoba.\n", "Section::::Early life and career.\n", "Blady grew up in the neighbourhood of St. James-Assiniboia in Winnipeg, where she attended Buchanan School, Hedges Junior High School, and Collège Silver Heights Collegiate. She received a Bachelor of Arts in anthropology, art history, and architecture from the University of Manitoba in 1991. She received a Master of Arts in history in art and native studies from the University of Victoria in 1995 with her thesis entitled \"The Flower Beadwork People: Factors Contributing to the Emergence of Distinctive Métis Cultural Artistic Style at Red River From 1844 to 1869\". In 1996 and 1997, two papers of hers about Métis culture and history were published by the Canadian Circumpolar Institute at the University of Alberta as part of \"Issues in the North\".\n", "Blady designed and taught introductory courses in gender and women's studies and visual and Aboriginal art studies at Brandon University. She later taught at the University of Manitoba in its Joint Baccalaureate Nursing program and its Inner City Social Work program.\n", "Section::::Political career.\n", "Sharon Blady was first elected to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba in the 2007 provincial election on May 22, 2007. As the New Democratic Party candidate, she won the traditionally Progressive Conservative electoral division of Kirkfield Park with a margin of over 11%.\n", "Blady was appointed minister's assistant for tenant issues to the Minister of Family Services and Consumer Affairs, Gord Mackintosh, on June 24, 2010. On April 4, 2011, she was promoted to the position of legislative assistant to the minister. She has also sat on a number of committees of the Legislative Assembly including the Standing Committees on Agriculture and Food (as the vice-chairperson), Crown Corporations (as the chairperson), Legislative Affairs (as the chairperson), Private Bills, Public Accounts, and Social and Economic Development (as the vice-chairperson) and the Special Committee on Senate Reform.\n", "During her first term in the legislature, Blady introduced two private member's bills which passed. In 2009, she introduced Bill 238, The Service Animals Protection Act, which made it an offense to interfere with or allow another animal to interfere with guide dogs or other service animals without the permission of its owner. The bill passed third reading on September 23, 2009 and was granted royal assent on October 8, 2009. Through this bill, Manitoba became the first jurisdiction in Canada to specifically legislate the protection of service animals. The legislation has been praised by the Manitoba Human Rights Commission.\n", "On April 19, 2011, Blady introduced Bill 217, The Residential Tenancies Amendment Act (Expanded Grounds for Early Termination), which added provisions to The Residential Tenancies Act to allow for the early termination of rental agreements if the tenant faces health issues that prevent them from continuing to live in their current rental unit, if they are in the armed forces and are being relocated, or if they are victims of domestic violence and believe that their safety is at risk if they continue living there. The bill was passed by the house with a unanimous vote at third reading and was assented to on June 16, 2011.\n", "Blady is active in liaising with other legislative bodies on an international level as the President of the Manitoba section of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Francophonie and as a member of the Energy Committee of the Midwestern Legislators Conference (part of the Council of State Governments).\n", "Blady was reelected in the 2011 provincial election on October 4 with a margin of 21 votes.\n", "Blady was appointed as the Minister of Health of Manitoba following a cabinet reshuffle on 3 November 2014.\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "Manitoba New Democratic Member of the Legislative Assembly", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q7489995", "wikidata_label": "Sharon Blady", "wikipedia_title": "Sharon Blady" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Beccy Gordon\n", "Beccy Gordon Hunter-Reay (born September 16, 1978) (née and professionally known as Beccy Gordon) is an American off-road racer, pit-reporter, and model. She married IndyCar Series driver Ryan Hunter-Reay on July 3, 2011. Their first child, son Ryden, was born December 28, 2012. Their second child, son Rocsen, was born March 2015. Their third child, son Rhodes, was born September 14, 2016.\n", "Section::::Racing family.\n", "Beccy Gordon was born in the off-road racing Gordon family. Beccy’s great-grandfather, Huntley Gordon, raced Indy cars in the early 1900s and at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, although official records do not list his name. Her father, “Baja Bob” Gordon entered the off-road racing scene in 1977. Gordon's mother, Marlene Gordon, pre-ran the Baja 500 when she was seven months pregnant with Beccy. Her sister Robyn Gordon, is listed as the only female to have ever won the Baja 1000 overall. Robby Gordon, her brother, has competed in numerous genres of racing, including the Indianapolis 500, Daytona 500, Baja 1000, and Paris to Dakar rally. Gordon's husband is IndyCar star Ryan Hunter-Reay.\n", "Section::::Softball and modeling career.\n", "Gordon was the youngest member, to date, on the United States women's national softball team, and she inducted softball into the 1992 Olympics at Barcelona, Spain.\n", "Aside from softball, she was a swimsuit model for Roxy/Quiksilver for six years and represented such clients as Ralph Lauren, Victoria’s Secret and Speedo.\n", "Section::::Racing career.\n", "After obtaining a Bachelor of Arts degree in Communications from Chapman University, she decided to become a racing journalist. Gordon became a pit-reporter and feature host for the Champ Car World Series in 2004 and 2005. She is currently a spokesmodel for NASCAR and Phoenix International Raceway.\n", "Beccy and her sister, Robyn Gordon, formed an all female off-road race team, All-American Girl Racing. In 2006, AAGR became the only all-girl team to complete the Baja 1000, and rounded out the season with two victories. They competed in Class 10 and Baja Challenge division. Gordon was selected by Toyota Motorsports to participate in the 2008 Toyota Pro/Celebrity Race at the Toyota Grand Prix of Long Beach as a \"Pro\" driver. This was Gordon's first race on pavement.\n", "In 2012, Gordon made her first attempt at the Pikes Peak International Hill Climb, driving an electric Mitsubishi \"i\" car.\n", "Section::::References.\n", "BULLET::::- All-American Girl Racing Wins SCORE Las Vegas Primm 300\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- All-American Girl Racing\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Jesse Hickman\n", "Jesse Owens Hickman (born February 18, 1939 in Lecompte, Louisiana) is an American former Major League Baseball player who pitched for the – Kansas City Athletics. The , right-hander attended Louisiana College.\n", "Hickman originally signed with the Philadelphia Phillies and also pitched in the minor league system of the Houston Colt .45s/Astros before being traded to the Athletics with a player to be named later (infielder Ernie Fazio) for slugging first baseman Jim Gentile on June 4, 1965. The following night, he made his Major League debut at home in relief against the Boston Red Sox. Although he pitched a scoreless tenth inning, Hickman surrendered a home run to Red Sox closer Dick Radatz in the eleventh frame and took the 5–3 loss, his only MLB decision. The homer, Radatz' only MLB long ball, cleared the deep left-field fence at Municipal Stadium.\n", "Hickman appeared in 12 more MLB games during 1965 and , striking out 16 men in 16⅓ innings pitched, but yielding ten earned runs, nine hits and nine bases on balls. He retired from baseball after the 1967 minor league season.\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero\n", "Marcelo de Azcárraga Ugarte y Palmero-Versosa de Lizárraga (1 September 1832 – 30 May 1915) was a Spanish soldier-politician and thirteenth Prime Minister of Spain following the restoration of the Spanish monarchy. He served as Prime Minister in 1897, 1900–1901, and 1904–1905. Azcárraga was also the only Spanish Prime Minister of part Insulares descent specifically Filipino descent.\n", "Section::::Early life.\n", "Azcárraga was born in 1832, in Manila in the Spanish East Indies, to General José de Azcárraga y Ugarte, a native of Vizcaya, Spain, a bookshop owner in Escolta, Manila, and to María Palmero Versosa, a \"Mestiza\" from Albay.\n", "General José Azcárraga had many sons and daughters. Azcárraga was the second of the family's children. He studied law in the Royal University of Santo Tomas in Manila then entered the Nautical School or Escuela Nautica De Manila (Today, the Philippine Merchant Marine Academy). where he was awarded the first prize in mathematics. He was sent to Spain by his father to enter the military academy and soon earned the rank of Captain in three years. Due to his services against the O'Donnell revolution in Spain, he was promoted to Major.\n", "Section::::Marriage.\n", "At the age of 23, he was awarded the Cross of San Fernando, which is a pension grant. He was sent to various colonies of Spain, including New Spain, the Captaincy General of Cuba, and the Captaincy General of Santo Domingo. Afterward, he returned to Cuba and married one of the daughters of the wealthy Fesser family, owner and founder of Banco y Casa de Seguros Fesser, one of the biggest banks of Cuba, who allegedly gave him £20,000 on the day of his marriage.. He was the husband of Margarita Fesser y Diago, a daughter of Edward also known as Don Eduardo Fesser y Kirchnair of the United States and Micaela Diago y Tato of Havana. They owned the Almacenes de Regla (Regla Warehouse) and Banco de Comercio and all the rail lines between Regla and Matanzas, then known as the Ferrocaril de la Bahia de la Habana. Almacenes de Regla, founded in 1843 with initial capital of 150,000 Cuban pesos, was so large that it stored half of all of Cuba's sugar production, and by 1853, had increased its original capital tenfold.\n", "His children were Carlos Azcarraga y Fesser; Margarita de Azcárraga y Fesser de Trenor Palavicino, the first Marquise of Turia; María Azcárraga y Fesser; José María Azcarraga y Fesser and Carmen Azcarraga y Fesser. His direct descendant includes Don Tomas Trenor Puig of Valencia and Madrid, the fourth Marquis of Turia.\n", "Section::::Years as Prime Minister.\n", "In 1868, on the deposal of Queen Isabella II, he returned to Spain, hastened the restoration of the Bourbons, and became Lieutenant-General on the coronation of Alfonso XII as king. He was then elected to the Senate of Spain as a senator for life. He was the Minister of War under Antonio Cánovas del Castillo, whose assassination on 8 August 1897 effectively made him the \"interim\" Prime Minister of Spain until 4 October of that same year.\n", "He went on to become Prime Minister of Spain twice again in two more separate incidents.\n", "Section::::Retirement.\n", "On his retirement at the age of 72, he was given the \"Toison de Oro\", or Order of the Golden Fleece, the highest possible distinction given to a person in Spain, for his tirelessly defending the Spanish Monarchy and for keeping Spain in relative peace. Earlier, he received the Cross of San Fernando which already entitled him to a pension. Don Marcelo Azcárraga died in Madrid.\n", "Section::::Ancestry.\n", "On his mother's side, Azcárraga descends from the Filipino mestizo Lizarraga family, heirs of the fallen Conde de Lizarraga. His maternal uncles' families, collectively known as the \"Palmero brothers\" or \"Hermanos Palmero\" were active in Philippine politics before World War II. He was also an uncle to the self-styled Conde de Albay, also known as Señor Pedro Govantes.\n", "Section::::Tribute.\n", "The major road stretching from the districts of Tondo to San Miguel, both in the city of Manila was named after Azcárraga. However, it was changed after Filipino independence in 1945 to Claro M. Recto Avenue, after politician Claro M. Recto. Many of Manila's residents still call this road \"Calle Azcárraga\" or more preferably as \"Paseo de Azcárraga\".\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- Palmero Conspiracy\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "John A. Millar\n", "John Andrew Millar (8 July 1855 – 15 October 1915) was a New Zealand politician of the Liberal Party from Otago.\n", "Section::::Early life.\n", "Born in Jalandhar, India, in 1855, he first came to New Zealand in 1870, but then embarked on a seafaring career. In 1881, he changed from international to coastal shipping. Although an officer, he was a member of the union. When he was elected the first full-time general secretary of the Federated Seamen's Union of New Zealand in 1887, he moved to Port Chalmers, as that is where the union's headquarters were.\n", "Section::::Political career.\n", "He was a Member of Parliament for Chalmers in the 12th Parliament –1896, for the City of Dunedin in the 13th, 14th and 15th Parliaments –1905, for Dunedin Central in the 16th Parliament –1908, and for Dunedin West in the 17th and 18th Parliaments –1914.\n", "He disagreed with some Liberal policies, but did not join the New Liberal Party group in 1905.\n", "Millar was Chairman of Committees from 1903 to 1905. He was Minister of Customs (6 August 1906 – 6 January 1909), Minister of Labour (6 August 1906 – 6 January 1909; 17 June 1909 – 28 March 1912), Minister in Charge of Marine Department (6 August 1906 – 28 March 1912), and Minister of Railways (6 January 1909 – 28 March 1912) in the Ward Ministry.\n", "In 1912 he was spoken of as a successor to Sir Joseph Ward as leader of the Liberal Party. But he did not stand in the ballot of 22 March when Thomas Mackenzie defeated George Laurenson (with 22 votes to 9) as he was not supported by Labour members of the caucus, although he had support from \"arbitrationist\" unions. So in July he appeared in the House \"to help turn out the Liberal government ... ill, pyjama-clad, consumed with the desire to destroy the government that he had not been permitted to lead\".\n", "He was appointed to the Legislative Council on 23 June 1915, but could only attend one meeting to be sworn in before his health failed him. He died in Auckland on 15 October 1915 and was buried in the Dunedin Northern Cemetery.\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Dick Drott\n", "Richard Fred Drott (July 1, 1936 – August 16, 1985) was a Major League Baseball player who pitched for the Chicago Cubs and the Houston Colt .45s. Drott, nicknamed \"Hummer\", started his major league career in 1957 with the Cubs. He won 15 games as a rookie, led the league in walks allowed, and finished third in balloting for Rookie of the Year. He graduated from Western Hills High School in Cincinnati, Ohio.\n", "On April 24, 1957, Drott was ejected from a game for using a wheelchair to wheel Moe Drabowsky to first base after Drabowsky claimed he was hit on the foot by a pitch.\n", "Arm injuries limited Drott's effectiveness after 1957. He was drafted during the regular phase of the 1961 MLB Expansion Draft by the Houston Colt .45s. After posting a 2–12 record in 1963, Drott was sent back to the minor leagues. By 1965 he was finished playing professional baseball. Drott finished his career with a record of 27–46 with a lifetime 4.78 ERA in 176 games played.\n", "Dick Drott died of stomach cancer at age 49.\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Eddie Panlilio\n", "Eddie \"Among Ed\" Tongol Panlilio (born December 6, 1953) is a Kapampangan Filipino Roman Catholic priest and Governor of Pampanga. He was suspended from his priestly duties upon announcing his intention to run as governor. He was elected governor in May 2007 in a three-way race against incumbent governor Mark Lapid and provincial board member Lilia Pineda. In February 2010, following a recount of votes due to an election protest, the Comelec ruled that Lilia Pineda had won the 2007 election over Panlilio.\n", "Panlilio was named \"Filipino of the Year\" for 2007 by the Philippine Daily Inquirer.\n", "Section::::Personal life.\n", "Eddie Panlilio was born in Minalin, Pampanga on December 6, 1953. He is the sixth of seven children of Gervacio Cunanan Panlilio and Catalina Tongol. He is afflicted with vitiligo, a rare skin disease.\n", "After finishing elementary school at the Minalin Central Elementary School, Panlilio enrolled the Don Bosco Academy, Pampanga his sophomore year after spending a year at the Don Honorio Ventura College of Arts and Trades (DHVCAT). Panlilio was in and out of several seminaries as he went through a long discernment process, and after finishing his theology at the St. Augustine Major Seminary was ordained priest on December 13, 1981.\n", "Section::::Priesthood.\n", "For fifteen years, Panlilio was the director of the Social Action Center of Pampanga (SACOP), which worked with communities displaced by lahar following the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo. He established the micro-lending program Talete Panyulung ning Kapampangan Inc. (TPKI), based on the Grameen Bank-approach. Now on its 20th year, TPKI released P2 billion in loans to small entrepreneurs in Central Luzon.\n", "Panlilio was suspended from the priesthood by his superior, San Fernando archbishop Paciano Aniceto, for running for governor of Pampanga in 2007. This means that he is forbidden by the Catholic Church to act like a priest or perform any of the sacraments reserved to priests. The Code of Canon Law (cf.Canon 285.3) forbids priests from occupying political posts. Bishop Leonardo Medroso, chairman of the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines Episcopal Commission on Canon Law cited a conflict between a role in politics and in the church.\n", "Section::::Political career.\n", "Panlilio ran for the position of governor of Pampanga province in the 2007 Philippine general election. Panlilio defended his controversial decision to enter politics as a logical continuation of his ministry for the poor, whom he sees as having been exploited and neglected for too long by successive administrations of corrupt and uncaring politicians.\n", "Without any political party, he won over his two competitors, provincial board member Lilia Pineda and re-electionist governor Mark Lapid (both allies of President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo). He defeated Pineda by a slim margin of 1,147 votes out of over 600,000 votes cast.\n", "Panlilio was inaugurated as the 26th governor of the province of Pampanga on June 30, 2007. Supreme Court Associate Justice Consuelo Ynares-Santiago administered the oath of office. During the inauguration, the new governor vowed to stop corruption and to make the province an example of a “new dawn in Philippine politics”.\n", "One of Panlilio's achievements in office was to increase the province's revenue from quarry taxes. It is suspected that under previous governors, notably Mark Lapid and Lito Lapid, the large quarry industry was riddled with corruption and graft. The increased tax base has led to fighting among mayors over the new revenue.\n", "On August 27, 2007, Panlilio campaigned to bring his government closer to the Kapangpangans by leading the caravan \"\"Pamisaupan\" (\"Helping One Another\")\" in Pampanga. Panlilio and his team delivered bags of cement, toilet bowls, boxes of floor tiles and cans of paint to San Luis Hospital which had only 2 doctors, 8 nurses and 10 midwives to serve 140,000 residents of San Luis, Pampanga, San Simon, Pampanga and Candaba, Pampanga. Panlilio further vowed to improve the facilities and conditions in the province's 9 district hospitals including the Diosdado Macapagal Provincial Hospital from funds (P143-million development fund) and private groups' contributions. Panlilio stated, \"What we are doing is bringing the provincial government's services to the people to make health, education and livelihood assistance accessible to them\". The capitol's P37-million special education fund (SEF) would be utilized for the SEFs of towns.\n", "Panlilio, launched the White Ribbon campaign on October 1, 2007 to engage the people of Pampanga to get involved in the crusade for good governance and good citizenship. Some 70 people gathered and white ribbons marked with words \"\"Good Governance\"\" and handbills with messages were distributed. Panlilio stated: \"\"I believe that the spirit of the white ribbon is still very much alive. This campaign is really a call and for a response to people to be involved in good governance and good citizenship\".\" \n", "On October 13, 2007, Panlilio admitted that a palace staff personally gave him a brown paper gift bag with 500,000 Philippine pesos (P1,000 bills in 5 bundles, P100,000 each). Panlilio confessed that money changed hands after the meeting \"because as a priest and a public officer, I should not lie. I believe that since the money came from Malacanang, I also believe it is public money. So I should be accountable for it and transparent about it.\" Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo called the meeting with 200 officers of the Union of Local Authorities of the Philippines (Ulap), an organization of governors, mayors and other local officials. It was held after Mrs. Arroyo met 190 congressmen, where envelopes of P200,000 and P500,000 were distributed. Cebu Rep. Antonio Cuenco confirmed he was given P200,000 as \"\"Christmas gift\".\"\n", "Panlilio on June 23, 2008 filed a 6-page complaint-affidavit for plunder against Lubao businessman Rodolfo “Bong\" Pineda before the Ombudsman in Quezon City. He accused Pineda of conspiracy with Joseph Estrada, based on the verdict rendered by the Sandiganbayan.\n", "Pampanga Bishop Pablo Virgilio David, on July 10 led the 69 bishops-signatories (of 80 bishops who attended the July plenary assembly of the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines), to petition the Ombudsman, to “really attend to the merits” of the plunder case. Bishop Broderick Pabillo, director of the CBCP National Secretariat for Social Action, on the request of the Pampanga Anti-Gambling Council (PAGC) appealed to the CBCP. The letter states: “In the whole trial of Estrada, the name of Bong Pineda was mentioned several times. But he was dropped along the way. He has been free and no case was filed against him.”\n", "Panlilio on June 26, 2008, in his 20-page counter-affidavit filed with the Office of the Ombudsman, moved for the dismissal of the April, 2008 (Vice Governor Joseller Guiao / provincial board / Panlilio supporter Lolita Hizon) corruption (R.A. 3019) suit against him failure to implement the September, 2007 Ordinance 176. DOJ Justice Secretary Raul M. Gonzalez did not act on Panlilio's November, 2007 petition to nullify the ordinance, for it was \"not a tax ordinance,\" further ruling that the P 300 was a \"regulatory fee.\" Panlilio's however, who obtained a temporary restraining order from the Pampanga RTC (challenging Gonzalez's ruling), also asked for the suspension of the Ombudsmand perjury case, on the ground of \"prejudicial question\" raised by the Pampanga civil action.\n", "In Diliman, Quezon City, Candaba Mayor Jerry Pelayo, in tears, joined by 18 Pampanga mayors (except San Fernando and Angeles mayors) waged war against Panlilio by means of prayer. The members of the Pampanga Mayors League (PML) on June 26, 2008, attacked Eddie Panlilio due to his \"autocratic style of governance\" and alleged poor performance in office. The PML released the statement: \"Panlilio is a type of leader who loves to project himself in media as good and working governor when in fact he has not accomplished anything significant for the welfare of the Kapampangan and for the development of the province for almost a year in office except the increase in quarry collection.\"\n", "Lawyer Elly Velez Lao Pamatong filed a perjury criminal case with the COMELEC Legal Department on June 24, 2008, against Eddie Panlilio for under-declaration of expenditures and contribution receipts: \"Contrary to law, Fr. Eddie T. Panlilio, knowingly and maliciously concealed P6,011,329.51 in political contribution and what he declared was only P4,761,699.90.\"\n", "Though all of these accusations were not proven enough.\n", "On August 21, 2008, a non-profit organization Kapanalig at Kambilan Ning Memalen Pampanga Inc. (Kambilan), led by its president Rosve Henson, a former election campaigner of losing gubernatorial candidate Lilia Pineda, launched a recall campaign against Panlilio, on the ground of loss of confidence in the governor’s leadership. In the case of Pampanga, the required petitioners must be at least 98,703 which represent 10% of the total number of registered voters in Pampanga as of 20 April 2007, the 2007 Philippine general election. This is based on the records of Commission on Elections, as required by Section 74, RA 7160, and COMELEC Resolution 7505, in relation to ARTICLE X, Sec. 3 and Section 74 of R.A. 7160, LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE , as amended by Section 1, RA 9244. Panlilio is the first Pampanga governor which was subject of the recall campaign.\n", "On October 15, 2008, a formal recall petition against Panlilio for loss of confidence was filed with the Commission on Elections. 15,000 \"Kambilan\" petitioners delivered 168 boxes containing the 224,875 voters' signatures from 20 Pampanga towns and San Fernando City. In a 32-page petition, Panlilio moved to dismiss the recall petition.\n", "In February 2010, Comelec announced that they had conducted a recount following an election protest. The Comelec ruled that Lilia Pineda had won in fact won election three years earlier and Pineda replace Panlilio as governor.\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- amonged.com - Fr. Ed Panlilio website\n", "BULLET::::- sacop.org.ph - Social Action Centre of Pampanga (SACOP)\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Salma Agha\n", "Salma Agha (; born 25 October 1956) is a Pakistani born British singer and actress who sang as well as acted in Bollywood films of India in the 1980s and the early 1990s. She was born in Karachi and raised in London, where she received several film offers from Indian directors. Her first film was \"Nikaah\", in which she starred as heroine and also sang her songs herself. She was nominated for the Filmfare awards that year in both the Best Actress category and the Best Female Playback Singer category. It was for her singing that she won the Filmfare Best Female Playback Award. She is also known for her role in \"Kasam Paida Karne Wale Ki\" (1984) opposite Mithun Chakraborty, and for her song \"Come Closer\" from the same film.\n", "Section::::Background and personal life.\n", "Salma Agha was born in Karachi, Pakistan, the daughter of Liaqat Gul Agha and his wife Nasreen Agha. Liaqat Gul Agha was a tradesman dealing in rugs and belonged to a Urdu speaking Muslim Pathan family based in Amritsar. She traces the origin of her surname ‘Aagha’, “My father (Liaqat Gul Tajik) traded in precious stones and antiques in Iran. He was given the title Aagha there, a kind of knighthood bestowed on a businessman of repute.” Her mother Nasreen (born as Zarina Ghaznavi) was the daughter of Rafiq Ghaznavi, a Pashtun musician, and his wife Anwari Bai Begum, who was one of the earliest actresses of Indian cinema, starring in \"Heer Ranjha\" (1932). Anwari and Rafiq Ghaznavi were divorced (or separated) after Zarina/Nasreen's birth, and Anwari then married a rich Hindu businessman named Jugul Kishore Mehra. In order to marry Anwari, Jugal Kishore Mehta abandoned not only his family but also his religion; he became a Muslim and took the name Ahmed Salman. Since Anwari came with the baggage of a child, Jugal Kishore Mehra effectively became the father of the infant Zarina/Nasreen.\n", "Jugal Kishore Mehra was a first cousin of the Indian actors Raj Kapoor, Shammi Kapoor and Shashi Kapoor, because their mother, Ramsarni Kapoor (nee Mehra), was the \"phuphi\" (paternal aunt) of Jugal Kishore Mehra. It is often said that Salma Agha is a relative of the Kapoors, but this is not true; there is no blood relation between the Kapoors and Salma Agha, and in fact, after Jugal Kishore Mehra abandoned his family and religion to consort with Anwari Bai, his family cut off all ties with him.\n", "Salma Agha had a long time relationship in the 1980s with London-based businessman Ayaz Sipra. This relationship lasted many years, during which time Salma made her film debut, but it did not develop into marriage. Apart from this relationship, Salma has been married three times. Her first husband was Javed Sheikh, with whom she had a rather brief and childless marriage in the 1980s. After divorce from Javed Sheikh, Salma Agha married famous squash player Rahmat Khan in 1989. They have two children together – Sasha Agha and Liaqat Ali Khan. Salma and Rahmat Khan got divorced in 2010, and in 2011, Salma Agha got married for a third time. Her present husband, Manzar Shah, is a Dubai-based businessman. Salma Agha lives in Mumbai, where her daughter Sasha is trying to gain a foothold in Bollywood films. Meanwhile Salma's latest husband, Manzar Shah, lives in Dubai.\n", "According to Agha, her ancestors were in the film industry during pre-partition days. It is true, she said, that they settled in Pakistan after the partition of India, and that is reason why she, Salma, was born in Karachi, but her mother's foster-father was a Hindu by birth who had converted to Islam only to marry her grandmother. Her daughter Sasha Agha is born and resides in India. She did not address the point that Sasha's father, Rahmat Khan, was undoubtedly a Pakistani and had represented his country in innumerable international squash tournaments. Nevertheless, in January 2017, Indian Home Minister Rajnath Singh announced that Salma Agha would be granted Overseas Citizenship of India, given only to foreign citizens of Indian origin. This will facilitate her travel and residence in India without applying for a visa each time, and without periodically reporting to police during her stay (as required of Pakistanis and some other foreign nationals).\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- FilmfareAwards\n", "BULLET::::- Salma Agha to raise funds for Indian hockey – Times Of India\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Larry Shyatt\n", "Lawrence Alan Shyatt (born April 8, 1951) is an American basketball coach. He is currently an assistant coach of the Dallas Mavericks of the National Basketball Association (NBA).\n", "Shyatt was previously head coach at the University of Wyoming in the 1997–98 season, the head coach at Clemson University from 1998 to 2003 and again head coach of Wyoming from 2011 to 2016. He also previously served as an assistant coach at the University of Florida. He was the 1998 National Association of Basketball Coaches (NABC) District 13 Coach of the Year as Head Coach at Wyoming, the 1998 Western Athletic Conference Mountain Division Coach of the Year, and was named four times as the Top Assistant Coach in the Nation by the \"Basketball Times\".\n", "Section::::Early and personal life, and education.\n", "Shyatt is a native of Cleveland, Ohio, and is Jewish. His parents were George and Doris (née Swirsky) Shyatt. He played high school basketball at Cleveland Heights High School, and graduated in 1969.\n", "He played basketball for the College of Wooster from 1970 to 1972. Shyatt graduated from the Wooster in 1973, with a bachelor's degree in physical education. He then graduated from the University of Akron in 1975, with a master's in secondary education.\n", "He and his wife Pam have three sons; Jeremy, Geoffrey, and Philip.\n", "Section::::College coaching career.\n", "From 1973 to 1997, Shyatt served as an assistant coach for multiple college programs. He was named the top assistant coach in the country four times by \"Basketball Times\".\n", "Shyatt was hired as the 18th head coach of the Wyoming Cowboys in 1997, going 19–9 and making the 1998 National Invitation Tournament (NIT). He was named the Western Athletic Conference Mountain Division Coach of the Year in 1998, and the National Association of Basketball Coaches (NABC) District 13 Coach of Year.\n", "The next season, Shyatt took the head coaching job for the Clemson Tigers, and was the coach from 1998–2003. His first season as head coach of the Tigers, he led them to a 20-win season (20–15), becoming only the fourth first-year coach in Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) history to lead his team to a 20-win season. He had a record of 70–84, and made the NIT championship once.\n", "In 2004, Shyatt took an assistant coaching job at the University of Florida Gators, winning the 2006 and 2007 NCAA National Championships. During his seven seasons at the University of Florida, the team was 191–63 (.752), the best record in the SEC during that time, and averaged 27 wins a season.\n", "In 2011, he returned to Wyoming, signing for a base salary of $190,000 and a total compensation package that could reach $645,000 a year. Shyatt reached his first NCAA Tournament as a head coach in the 2014–15 season. On March 21, 2016, Shyatt resigned as head coach of the Cowboys after six seasons at the helm.\n", "Section::::NBA.\n", "On July 1, 2016, the Dallas Mavericks announced Shyatt would join their coaching staff as an assistant, with a primary focus of working with the big men on the roster. On June 18, 2018, the Mavericks announced Shyatt would be moving from behind the bench to replace Kaleb Canales, who had taken an assistant coaching job with the New York Knicks.\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Wyoming Cowboys bio\n", "BULLET::::- Florida Gators bio\n", "BULLET::::- Clemson Tigers bio\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [ "Lawrence Allen Shyatt" ] }, "description": "American basketball player-coach", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q6491108", "wikidata_label": "Larry Shyatt", "wikipedia_title": "Larry Shyatt" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Flor Marcelino\n", "Flor Marcelino, (born in Manila, Philippines) is a politician in Manitoba, Canada. She was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba in the 2007 provincial election, for the electoral division of Wellington. In the 2011 provincial election, she was re-elected to a second term in office in the new electoral district of Logan. Marcelino is a member of the New Democratic Party. On May 7, 2016, she was named interim leader of the party and leader of the opposition in the Manitoba legislature following the defeat of the NDP government in the provincial election and the resignation of party leader Greg Selinger.\n", "Section::::Background.\n", "Marcelino was the first woman of colour to be elected as a MLA in the province.\n", "Prior to her election to the legislature, Marcelino was editor and publisher of \"The Philippine Times\", a community newspaper for the Filipino Canadian community in Winnipeg. Her brother-in-law Ted Marcelino was also elected to the Legislative Assembly in 2011.\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Official Website\n", "Category:Manitoba CCF/NDP leaders\n", "From Wikipedia, the free\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "Canadian politician", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q5460234", "wikidata_label": "Flor Marcelino", "wikipedia_title": "Flor Marcelino" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "J. T. Marryat Hornsby\n", "John Thomas Marryat Hornsby (13 March 1857 – 23 February 1921), generally known as J. T. Marryat Hornsby, was a New Zealand politician of the Liberal Party from the Wairarapa. He was a newspaper editor and proprietor.\n", "Section::::Biography.\n", "Section::::Biography.:Early life.\n", "Hornsby was born at Hobart, Tasmania in 1857. His family moved to Nelson in 1874 and when the other family members returned to Hobart, he remained in New Zealand.\n", "Section::::Biography.:Political career.\n", "He was a Member of Parliament for the electorate in the 14th (1899–1902), 16th (1905–1908), and 19th (1914–1919) Parliaments.\n", "He defeated Walter Clarke Buchanan (the Conservative sitting member from 1887) in 1899, but lost to him in 1902 and 1908. Buchanan was later the Reform Party candidate.\n", "Hornsby was defeated in 1919 by Alexander Donald McLeod.\n", "Hornsby died at Carterton in 1921.\n", "Section::::Further reading.\n", "Section::::Further reading.:Works by Hornsby.\n", "BULLET::::- There were two issues of this newspaper, printed during June 1892.\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "New Zealand politician", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q6107193", "wikidata_label": "J. T. Marryat Hornsby", "wikipedia_title": "J. T. Marryat Hornsby" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "John Schweitz\n", "John Elwood Schweitz (born April 19, 1960) is a retired American basketball player in the National Basketball Association (NBA). A 6'6\" (1.98 m) and 210 lb (95 kg) shooting guard, Schweitz, from Waterloo, New York and the University of Richmond, was selected by the Boston Celtics with the 23rd pick in the 6th round (138 overall) of the 1982 NBA Draft. He played in two NBA seasons, for the Seattle SuperSonics and Detroit Pistons.\n", "Schweitz was head men's basketball coach at Francis Marion University (FMU) for six seasons from July 2000 until March 2006, when his contract was not renewed. Prior to his stint with FMU, he served as an assistant coach with Loyola Marymount University, Irvine Valley Community College, and Long Beach State. While in high school, Schweitz was named to the New York State Sportswriters Association boys' basketball all-star first-team for small schools.\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- NBA stats @ basketballreference.com\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "American basketball player-coach", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q975725", "wikidata_label": "John Schweitz", "wikipedia_title": "John Schweitz" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Tan-luan\n", "Tánluán (, 476–542) was a Chinese Buddhist monk. He is credited by Hōnen as the founder of Pure Land Buddhism in China. He is also considered the Third Patriarch of Jōdo Shinshū, a popular school of Buddhism in Japan.\n", "Tanluan was originally a Buddhist scholar, but after becoming ill, he studied Taoism in order to seek the Elixir of Life. However, after an encounter with Bodhiruci, a Buddhist monk from India, Tanluan became a devotee of Pure Land Buddhism and burnt his Taoist texts.\n", "Tanluan later wrote his commentaries on the \"Longer Sukhāvatīvyūha Sūtra\". The commentaries taught that the all beings could be reborn in Sukhavati, the pure land of Amitābha, through sincere nianfo (recitation of a Buddha's name). Tanluan is also credited for having developed the six-character phrase \"南無阿彌陀佛\" (\"Namo Amituofo\"/\"Namu Amida Butsu\") (from Sanskrit to Chinese) used throughout Pure Land Buddhism today.\n", "Tanluan also had a strong impact on Daochuo, revered as the Fourth Patriarch of the Jōdo Shinshū school, who once visited his temple.\n", "Section::::Literature.\n", "BULLET::::- Shinko Mochizuki, Leo M. Pruden,Trans. (2000). Pure Land Buddhism in China: A Doctrinal History, Chapter 7: T'an-luan. In: Pacific World Journal, Third Series, Number 2, 149-165. Archived from the original\n", "BULLET::::- Yukio Yamada (2000). T'an-luan's Theory of Two Kinds of Dharma-body as Found in Shinran's Wago Writings, Pacific World Journal, Third Series, Number 2, 99-113. Archived from the original\n", "BULLET::::- Ryusei Takeda (2000). The Theoretical Structure of \"Birth in the Pure Land\": Based on the Meaning of T'an-luan's \"Birth through Causal Conditions\", Pacific World Journal, Third Series, Number 2, 31-60. Archived from the original\n", "BULLET::::- Shoji Matsumoto (1986). The Modern Relevance of Donran's Pure Land Buddhist Thought, Pacific World Journal New Series 2, 36-41\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "Chinese Buddhist", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q7682005", "wikidata_label": "Tan-luan", "wikipedia_title": "Tan-luan" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Chris Robinson (actor)\n", "Chris Robinson (born November 5, 1938, in West Palm Beach, Florida; sometimes credited as Christopher Robinson) is an American actor, screenwriter, and film director.\n", "Section::::Career.\n", "Robinson began his career as an actor in the 1950s. Robinson was a young adult actor and stunt man and appeared in such films of the 1950s as \"Diary of a High School Bride\" and \"Beast from Haunted Cave\". In the 1960s, he was cast as Flight Engineer and top turret gunner Sgt. Sandy Komansky on ABC's \"Twelve O'Clock High\" in the last two seasons. In 1972, he got the lead as a fanatical snakecharmer in the horror movie, \"Stanley\".\n", "Robinson played Rick Webber #2 on \"General Hospital\" from 1978 to 1986 where he was involved in a triangle with his wife Lesley Webber and the married Monica Quartermaine. Following this role, he joined \"Another World\" in late 1987 where he played the role of Jason Frame and was reunited with Denise Alexander who had played Lesley on \"GH\". Jason was murdered in early 1989. He then appeared on another soap opera, \"The Bold and the Beautiful\" as Jack Hamilton, joining in the early 1990s and leaving after three years. He last appeared in this part in 2005, having made several guest appearances over the years. Robinson returned to \"GH\" after a 16-year absence in 2002, only to see the character of Rick killed off in a controversial storyline that altered the back story. In 2013, he appeared in a 50th anniversary celebration episode as Rick's spirit, making peace with his old rival Alan Quartermain when they both appeared to Monica and Alan's sister, Tracy.\n", "In 1984, Robinson was a spokesman for Vicks Formula 44 cough syrup. The commercials aired on national television, and began with the quote \"I'm not a doctor, but I do play one on TV\". Robinson was replaced in the commercial by Peter Bergman after Robinson's legal difficulties.\n", "Section::::Personal life.\n", "Robinson is the father of Taylor Joseph Robinson, cast as C.J. Garrison #3 in \"The Bold and the Beautiful.\"\n", "In 1985, Robinson was convicted of income tax evasion. He was allowed to continue his role on \"General Hospital\" under a prison work-release provision.\n", "Robinson is married to artist/actress Jacquie (née Shane) Robinson, and he has five sons from three previous marriages.\n", "Section::::Credits.\n", "Section::::Credits.:Actor.\n", "BULLET::::- \"Colt .45,\" ABC/Warner Brothers series, as the outlaw Tom Sanger in the episode \"Appointment at Agoura\" (1960)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theater\" as Paul Martin in the episode \"So Young the Savage Land\" (1960)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Bus Stop\" as Tony Maddox in the series premiere episode \"Afternoon of a Cowboy\" (1961)\n", "BULLET::::- \"The Donna Reed Show\" as Ken in the episode \"Military School\" (1961)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Hennesey\" as Larry Stander in the episode \"The Hat\" (1961)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Two Faces West\" as Gordie in the episode \"The Wayward\" (1961)\n", "BULLET::::- \"The Everglades,\" as Ralph Martin in the episode \"Good Boy\" (1961) and as Coley Jarrett in the episode \"Young Osceola\" (1962)\n", "BULLET::::- \"The Detectives Starring Robert Taylor\", 3 episodes, including as Grant Harper in the episode \"Strangers in the House\" (1961-1962)\n", "BULLET::::- \"The Outlaws\", as Sonny Buck in the episode \"The Daltons Must Die, Part I\" (1961)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Sea Hunt\" as Kelsey in the episode \"Crime at Sea\" (1961)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Empire\" as Arnold Koenig in the episode \"A Place to Put a Life\" (1962)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Cain's Hundred\" as Jack Hayes in \"The New Order\" (1962)\n", "BULLET::::- \"The New Breed\" as Clifford Forbes in the episode \"Walk This Street Lightly\" (1962)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Combat!\" as Pvt. Paul Villette in the episode \"Reunion\" (1963)\n", "BULLET::::- \"The Alfred Hitchcock Hour\", in \"The Dividing Wall\" (December 6, 1963)\n", "BULLET::::- \"The Dakotas\" as Chino in the episode \"Red Sky Over Bismarck\" (1963)\n", "BULLET::::- \"The Wide Country\" as Gabriel Horn in the episode \"Speckle Bird\" (1963)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Stoney Burke\" as Ross in the episode \"A Girl Named Amy\" (1963)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Channing\" as Jim Wilson in the episode \"Beyond His Reach\" (1963)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Gunsmoke\" as Willie Jett in \"The Bad One\" (1963)\n", "BULLET::::- \"The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters\" as Billy Bird in the episode \"The Day of the Skinners\" (1963)\n", "BULLET::::- \"G.E. True\" as Holt in the episode \"Ordeal\" (1963)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Arrest and Trial\", two episodes (1963-1964)\n", "BULLET::::- \"General Hospital\" (1963) TV Series as Dr. Rick Webber #2 (1978 – November 26, 1986; June 27 – August 9, 2002, April 2, 2013)\n", "BULLET::::- \"The Fugitive\" (1963)\n", "BULLET::::- \"\"PT-109\" \" as John F. Kennedy (1963)\n", "BULLET::::- \"\"633 Squadron\"\" as Wing Commander Grant (1964)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Perry Mason\" (1965) in the episode \"The Case of the Deadly Debt\"\n", "BULLET::::- \"Twelve O'Clock High\" (1965–1967) as T/Sgt.Sandy Komansky (recurring role)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Custer\" as Lt. Tim Rudford in episode \"Accused\" (1967)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Felony Squad\" as Vincent Ludi in the episode \"The Desperate Silence\" (1967)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea\" as Corpsman Mallory\n", "BULLET::::- \"Hogan's Heroes\" as Karl Wagner in the episode \"The Missing Klink\" (1969)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Cycle Savages\" (1969) as Romko\n", "BULLET::::- \"Like a Mighty Army\" (1970) as Pastor D. James Kennedy\n", "BULLET::::- \"Young Doctors in Love\" (1982) in cameo appearance\n", "BULLET::::- \"Savannah Smiles\" (1982) as Richard Driscoll\n", "BULLET::::- \"Amy\" (1981) as Elliot Medford\n", "BULLET::::- \"Another World\" (1964) as Jason Frame (1987–1989)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Like Father Like Son\" (1987) (uncredited) as Bobby\n", "BULLET::::- \"Viper\" (1988) as James Macalla\n", "BULLET::::- \"Rez Bomb\" (2009) as Jaws\n", "Section::::Credits.:Director.\n", "BULLET::::- \"Catch the Black Sunshine\" (1972)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Thunder County\" (1974)\n", "BULLET::::- \"The Intruder\" (1975)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Barnaby Jones\" - \"Shadow of Guilt\" (1976) episode\n", "BULLET::::- \"Cannon\" - \"A Touch of Venom\" (1975) and \"Point After Death\" (1976) episodes\n", "BULLET::::- \"Baretta\" - \"Shoes\" (1976) episode\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "American actor", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q1077712", "wikidata_label": "Chris Robinson", "wikipedia_title": "Chris Robinson (actor)" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Dnash\n", "dnash (born October 4, 1972) is an American composer, vocalist, instrumentalist and a fang artist.\n", "Section::::Biography.\n", "dnash was born on October 4, 1972 in Paris, France and grew up constantly moving, spending most of her childhood in Europe and Indonesia. While the last few years have found her perpetually on tour, she considers home to be Stratford, Connecticut.\n", "Section::::Biography.:Music.\n", "dnash began her music career at the age of two as a drummer, and by the age of 15 had become an accomplished vocalist, pianist, and MIDI programmer. In the past several decades she has grown beyond performing and composing, both as a solo artist and in bands to producing and recording other artists, including Oleg Ginsburg, Recall The Sin, The Doug Wahlberg Band, The Screw-Ups, and Brian Kelly, and many others.\n", "As a songwriter, dnash has always focused heavily on singles rather than full-length albums, as the diversity of her compositions tended to distract the ear when compiled together. Like the artists that have most heavily influenced her (Queen and Peter Gabriel), dnash's music covers a broad spectrum from classical composition to hard rock, rap to country, and everything in between. Her single \"You Can't Be\" is featured on the soundtrack of the 2007 movie release, \"Fingerprints\".\n", "dnash was recently cited as a producer on The Screw-Ups' self-titled EP, released April 19, 2013. The production and music received positive reviews from blogs such as Louder Than War.\n", "Section::::Biography.:Custom Fangs.\n", "In 1994 she began to experiment in fang making as a side interest, shortly after the movie \"Interview with the Vampire\" came out. A year later she established Teeth By Dnash, a name that has become renowned throughout the vampire community (VC) and the body modification world, with a national as well as international clientele.\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "American composer and musician", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q5285840", "wikidata_label": "Dnash", "wikipedia_title": "Dnash" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Jeff Meyer (basketball)\n", "Jeffrey Dennis Meyer (born June 21, 1954) is an American college basketball coach, currently an assistant at Butler University. He was brought on in June 2017 as assistant coach by new head coach and former Michigan assistant LaVall Jordan. He previously served as an men's basketball assistant coach at Michigan under John Beilein and Indiana University during the Kelvin Sampson tenure.\n", "He graduated in 1976 from Taylor University and played basketball with the Trojans while he was there.\n", "Previously, he served as head coach at Liberty University where he remains the winningest coach in school history. He was named head coach of the then Liberty Baptist College on March 25, 1981. He stepped down as head coach to become assistant to the president of Liberty on November 1, 1997.\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "American basketball player-coach", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q6174498", "wikidata_label": "Jeff Meyer", "wikipedia_title": "Jeff Meyer (basketball)" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Denan Kemp\n", "Denan Kemp is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 2000s and 2010s and is best known for his stints in the National Rugby League (NRL). Kemp's position of choice was on the . He played in the NRL for the Brisbane Broncos, the New Zealand Warriors and the St George Illawarra Dragons. He also had a brief stint in rugby union in 2011, playing for Southern Districts in the Shute Shield competition.\n", "Section::::Early years.\n", "Originally a soccer player for Gold Coast premier club, Mudgeeraba SC, and a part of the Brisbane Roar system which played in the A League, Kemp was spotted by scouts for the Brisbane Broncos and convinced to convert to rugby league, while also being lured by an offer from AFL team Brisbane Lions. Kemp attended St Michaels College. Kemp went on to play rugby league with the Brisbane Wests in the Queensland Cup before joining Brisbane Broncos feeder club, the Toowoomba Clydesdales. He then was transferred to the Aspley Broncos in 2007 by the Brisbane Broncos.\n", "Section::::Brisbane.\n", "Kemp made his first grade debut for the Broncos in round 10 of the 2007 NRL season, against the Manly Sea Eagles. During the game Kemp scored an individual 75 metre try containing several gooseys. This try was voted as the third best of the 2007 season by NRL.com. In 2007 Kemp ran the quickest 40m sprint time in the club's history recording 4.85sec and hitting speeds up to 34 km/h.\n", "In 2008, Kemp started the season strongly coming up with 4 tries in his first 3 games. He went on to play twenty four games for the club in 2008. In round 12 he scored 4 tries while playing against the Parramatta Eels, equaling a club record set by Lote Tuqiri and Steve Renouf. The record came just hours after he had announced that he was joining the New Zealand Warriors for the 2009 season. When not selected for the first grade side, Kemp turned out for the Norths Devils in the Queensland Cup.\n", "Kemp was Brisbane's top try-scorer in 2008 and was named the club's rookie of the year.\n", "Section::::New Zealand Warriors.\n", "On 28 May 2008, the New Zealand Warriors announced that they had signed Kemp for the 2009 and 2010 seasons. Whilst at the Warriors he took on goal-kicking responsibilities for the club for the first half of the 2009 season.\n", "In round 2 of the 2009 season, Kemp kicked the match winning conversion from the sideline to defeat the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles with 28 seconds left. However, for much of the season Kemp could not break into the first grade side, instead he was assigned to Otahuhu and played for the Auckland Vulcans in the NSW Cup. Near the end of the season he asked for a release so he could return to Queensland to rebuild his National Rugby League career. Kemp played in ten games for the Warriors, scoring 46 points.\n", "Section::::Second stint with Brisbane.\n", "On 16 September 2009, Kemp announced that he re-signed with the Brisbane Broncos for the 2010 season, after being granted an early release from the final year of his contract with the Warriors. however, injury prevented him from claiming a full-time spot in the first grade side. In round 1 2010, against the North Queensland Cowboys, he scored the final try which won the game for the Broncos 30-24. Unfortunately Kemp suffered a dislocated rib and a collapsed lung in the Knights game and spent the rest of the 2010 season injured. He played for the Wynnum Manly Seagulls in the 2011 Queensland Cup, before joining the Australian Rugby Union in April 2011.\n", "Section::::Rugby union.\n", "In April 2011 Kemp signed a contract with the Australian Rugby Union and was a part of the Australian Sevens squad that traveled to London for the IRB Sevens.\n", "Kemp turned out during the 2011 season for the Southern Districts Rugby Club side in Sydney's Shute Shield.\n", "Section::::St George Illawarra.\n", "On 20 November 2011, Kemp signed for one year with the St George Illawarra Dragons in 2012.\n", "Kemp played in the 2012 Charity Shield game for the Dragons, but never took the field in a first-grade game, as he was mainly relegated to the Dragons' NSW Cup side, the Illawarra Cutters.\n", "Section::::Third stint with Brisbane.\n", "On 18 January 2013, Kemp signed a one-year deal to return to the Broncos in hopes of another revival of his career. However, he failed to play a single game for the Broncos throughout the entire 2013 NRL season, and was released at the season's end. Following his release, Kemp decided to retire from rugby league.\n", "Section::::Post retirement.\n", "Following his retirement from rugby league, Kemp began a talk show on Facebook and YouTube called \"The Locker Room\", where he interviewed past and present rugby league personalities about their time in the NRL. The first episode aired on June 9, 2015, where he interviewed Beau Ryan about his retirement and current work on The Footy Show.\n", "Kemp currently owns and operates a sports bar in Broadbeach called Bloke in a Bar.\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "Australian dual code rugby player", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q5256580", "wikidata_label": "Denan Kemp", "wikipedia_title": "Denan Kemp" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Heinie Beckendorf\n", "Henry Ward \"Heinie\" Beckendorf (June 15, 1884 – September 15, 1949) was a professional baseball catcher from 1903 to 1912. He played Major League Baseball for the Detroit Tigers in 1909 and 1910 and for the Washington Senators in 1910.\n", "Section::::Playing career.\n", "Section::::Playing career.:Early years.\n", "Beckendorf was born in 1884 in New York, New York. He played semi-professional baseball with the Williams Athletic Association in New York City and also played intercollegiate baseball for Everett College.\n", "Section::::Playing career.:Minor leagues.\n", "Beckendorf began his professional baseball career in 1903 with the Kingston Colonials of the Hudson River League. He played for Kingston from 1903 through the early part of the 1906 season. In 1905, he helped Kingston win the Hudson River League pennant.\n", "In early 1906, Beckendorf filed a claim with the National Board asking to be released from Kingston's reserve list. Beckendorf sought the release on the grounds that Kingston had failed to pay him all that was due and on the further ground that there was a non-reserve clause in his contract with the team. In April 1906, the Board sustained Beckendorf's claim on both bases and struck his name from Kington's reserve list.\n", "In May 1906, after gaining his release from Kingston, Beckendorf signed with the Providence Grays of the Eastern League. He split the remainder of the 1906 season with the Grays and the Newark Sailors of the Eastern League. During the 1907 and 1908 seasons, Beckendorf played for the Scranton Miners in the New York State League. He helped Scranton win the New York State League pennant and was presented with a silver shaving set by his Scranton admirers.\n", "Section::::Playing career.:Major League Baseball.\n", "Section::::Playing career.:Major League Baseball.:Detroit Tigers.\n", "At the end of July 1908, Beckendorf was purchased from Scranton by the Detroit Tigers with the condition that he would report to Detroit in the spring. In November 1908, \"Sporting Life\" reported on Connie Mack's offer to purchase Beckendorf from Detroit: \"Beckendorf, the other new catcher, so strongly impressed Connie Mack that he offered the Tigers $2,500 in cash and might have gone higher had there been any use. Mr. Mack told a local man that never in his experience had he seen a catcher get more out of his pitchers than this man Beckendorf did in a long examination he underwent, with the eye of that master looking on.\"\n", "Beckendorf signed a contract with the Tigers in January 1909. At the time, \"Detroit Free Press\" writer Joe S. Jackson wrote: \"The dope on Beckendorf for last year's work would indicate that he is something of a horse. He looks like a man who would thrive on hard labor.\" The \"Sporting Life\" called Beckendorf one of \"the highest-touted backstops who have broken into fast company in recent years.\" In March 1909, the same publication reported on Beckendorf's prospects as follows:\"Beckendorf in particular seems to have the making of a sure big leaguer. While his batting does not promise much, he has learned considerable from Hughey Jennings in this respect. His throwing is sensational, his demeanor behind the bat inspiring and his fleetness of foot considerable in a chap so stockily built. In general appearance he reminds one very much of Spencer, of Boston, as he looked when he first entered the league. At that time, it will be recalled, he had the build of a strong, sturdy youngster, the rolls of adipose tissue for which he has been of late noted having been added as the accompaniment of play in the big league.\"\n", "Beckendorf made his major league debut with the Tigers on April 16, 1909. He appeared in 15 games for the 1909 Tigers, compiling a .259 batting average in 27 at bats. Although the Tigers won the American League pennant in 1909, there is no record of Beckendorf having appeared in the 1909 World Series.\n", "In November 1909, Beckendorf was among a group of players from the 1909 Tigers that toured Cuba and played 12 exhibition games against two integrated Cuban teams, Habana and Almendares. He alternated as a catcher and right fielder during the Cuban tour. The Cabañas Company printed a series of baseball cards showing the members of the Almendares, Habana and Detroit baseball teams. Beckendorf's Cabañas card is displayed to the right.\n", "Beckendorf began the 1910 season with the Tigers. In March 1919, Beckendorf's photograph was featured on the front page of \"Sporting Life\". He appeared in only three games for the 1910 Tigers, compiling a .429 batting average in seven at bats.\n", "Section::::Playing career.:Major League Baseball.:Washington Senators.\n", "In June 1910, Beckendorf was purchased for the balance of the 1910 season by the Washington Senators from the Tigers. He appeared in 37 games for the 1910 Senators and compiled a .146 batting average in 103 at bats. Beckendorf reportedly caught three of the eight shutouts thrown by Walter Johnson in 1910. In August 1910, Beckendorf's \"right thumb was badly damaged by one of Dolly Gray's fast ones.\" Beckendorf tried to come back, but re-injured his thumb in the first inning of a game pitched by Walter Johnson. \"Sporting Life\" noted that \"Henry's hands were hardly equal to the punishment inflicted by Johnson's speed.\" Beckendorf appeared in his final major league game at age 26 on September 10, 1910 for the Senators. Shortly thereafter, he was furloughed by Washington manager Jimmy McAleer for the remainder of the season.\n", "Section::::Playing career.:Major League Baseball.:Major league totals.\n", "In 55 major league games (53 as a catcher), Beckendorf compiled a .182 batting average with no home runs and 13 RBIs. His talent as a catcher brought him to the major leagues. His 1910 fielding percentage of .988 was 20 points above league average, and his range factor of 6.39 was 25 points higher than league average. However, he was not a strong batter; his 1910 batting average of .146 was 81 points below league average, and his .173 slugging percentage was 143 points lower than league average.\n", "Section::::Playing career.:Minor leagues.\n", "Beckendorf reverted to the Detroit Tigers after the 1910 season. He attended spring training with the Tigers in 1911. He reported overweight but lost 16 pounds during the spring. E. A. Batchelor of the \"Detroit Free Press\" wrote at the time that Beckendorf led everyone \"in ginger,\" was a mimic of manager Hughie Jennings' voice, entertained all with his diving stunts in the pool, and was \"the personification of pepper and hard work.\" Batchelor added: \"Everybody likes Beck and Beck likes everybody, so he was much sought as a companion by those who wished to enjoy life to the fullest. He always was ready for a lark and never lost any legitimate fun, even at the cost of keeping in condition.\"\n", "Nevertheless, Beckendorf did not make the Tigers roster and was sent to the Buffalo Bisons of the Eastern League for the 1911 season. In 1912, he played for the Providence Grays in the International League.\n", "Section::::Family and death.\n", "On January 6, 1910, Beckendorf was married to Rose Mallon of Columbus Avenue, New York City. The two were childhood friends in New York. At the time, the \"Detroit Free Press\" reported that news of the wedding cast a \"pall of gloom ... [f]or be it known that Mr. Beckendorf is there strong with the fair sex, and was much admired of many of Detroit's fairest daughters.\" At the time of the 1920 U.S. Census, the couple was living on 96th Street in Manhattan; Beckendorf listed his profession at the time as \"none.\"\n", "Beckendorf died in 1949 at age 65 in Jackson Heights, New York. He was buried at Long Island National Cemetery in Farmingdale, New York.\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "American baseball player", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q15997738", "wikidata_label": "Heinie Beckendorf", "wikipedia_title": "Heinie Beckendorf" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "John Robic\n", "John Robic ( ; born August 10, 1963) is an assistant men's basketball coach at the University of Kentucky. Prior to joining the Wildcats staff, he served as assistant coach at the University of Memphis and head coach at Youngstown State University.\n", "Section::::Playing career.\n", "After graduating from North Hills High School in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Robic attended Walsh College in Canton, Ohio, before transferring to Denison University in Granville, Ohio, where he earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in speech communication and physical education in 1986. Robic's 1982-83 season at Walsh was during head coach Bob Huggins' last year at the college.\n", "At Denison, Robic garnered Division III All-America accolades as a senior and was a two-time all-conference performer. He was one of 10 former players to be named to the 10th Anniversary All-Decade Team in the league in 1994. In the fall of 2006, he was inducted into the Denison Athletic Hall of Fame. Robic was inducted into the North Hills High School Hall of Fame in 2004.\n", "Section::::Coaching career.\n", "Robic served as a graduate assistant on Larry Brown's staff at the University of Kansas for two years (1986–87, 1987–88). While in Lawrence, he was a member of the coaching staff that led the Jayhawks to a 52-22 two-year mark and consecutive NCAA Tournaments. The 1986-87 squad advanced to the NCAA Sweet 16, and the 1987-88 team, dubbed \"Danny Manning and The Miracles,\" won the NCAA championship behind the spectacular performance of the Jayhawk All-American.\n", "Robic served as an assistant for 11 years at Massachusetts for both John Calipari and Bruiser Flint. After a 10-18 mark his first season on staff, Robic helped lead the Minutemen to nine consecutive winning campaigns. From 1990-96, the Minutemen averaged 26 wins per year and had six-straight 20-win seasons, including two 30-victory campaigns. Mass made the NCAA Tournament Sweet 16 in 1992, Elite Eight in 1995 and Final Four in 1996. It was Mass' first appearance on college basketball's largest stage. After Calipari moved on to the NBA, Robic remained at Mass and was elevated to the associate head coach post under Flint from 1997-99. During his tenure at Mass, the Minutemen posted a 247-111 overall record (.690 winning percentage) and earned nine postseason tournament bids (seven NCAA, two NIT).\n", "Robic was the head coach for the Youngstown State University men's basketball team from 1999-2005. Prior to its move to the Horizon League in 2001, Youngstown State put together a tremendous year in the Mid-Continent Conference in 2000-01, Robic's second year at the helm. The Penguins posted a 19-11 overall mark and an 11-5 conference record. The 19 overall wins were the second most in 16 seasons, and the 11 league victories tied the school record for most conference wins. In six seasons, Robic's record was 58 wins and 113 losses for a winning percentage of 0.339.\n", "In 2005, Robic rejoined coach John Calipari as an assistant at the University of Memphis. Robic helped lead Memphis to another storied era in his four seasons as an assistant (2006–09).\n", "During these four years, the Tigers won an NCAA record 137 games (137-14 record), while advancing to the 2006 and 2007 NCAA Elite Eights, the 2008 NCAA title game and sweeping the 2006-09 Conference USA regular season and tournament crowns. Memphis spent each week of the last four years in the national polls. In 2007-08, Robic was a part of the Tigers' \"Dream Season,\" which lasted through the NCAA championship game. Memphis set an NCAA record for victories with 38 wins (38-2 mark) and held down the No. 1 spot in both national polls for a school-record five-straight weeks during the season.\n", "When Calipari accepted the head coach position at the University of Kentucky in 2009, Robic went with him as an assistant coach. Robic helped the Wildcats post a 35-3 mark in his inaugural season at Kentucky. The Cats made an appearance in the 2010 Elite Eight while claiming SEC regular season and tournament championships along the way. He helped UK make history when five Wildcats were drafted in the first round of the 2010 NBA Draft. Robic has been Calipari's assistant coach for a total of 21 years.\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "American basketball player-coach", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q6255244", "wikidata_label": "John Robic", "wikipedia_title": "John Robic" }

{ "end": [ 40, 55, 368, 65, 158, 262, 297, 433, 56, 29 ], "href": [ "Vienna", "Austria", "Josef%20Hader", "Indien%20%28film%29", "Mother%27s%20Day%20%281993%20film%29", "Roland%20D%C3%BCringer", "Reinhard%20Nowak", "Roland%20D%C3%BCringer", "ORF%20%28broadcaster%29", "http%3A//www.dorfer.at/" ], "paragraph_id": [ 1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 5, 7 ], "start": [ 34, 48, 357, 59, 146, 247, 283, 418, 53, 12 ], "text": [ "Vienna", "Austria", "Josef Hader", "Indien", "Mother's Day", "Roland Düringer", "Reinhard Nowak", "Roland Düringer", "ORF", "Official homepage" ], "wikipedia_id": [ "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "" ], "wikipedia_title": [ "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "" ] }

{ "paragraph": [ "Alfred Dorfer\n", "Alfred Dorfer (; 11 October 1961, Vienna) is an Austrian comedian, writer, and actor. He is one of the most well-known cabaret artists and comedians in Austria, not least due to his commitment to numerous Austrian film productions. After initial success with the group \"Schlabarett\" he attained more widespread recognition as the writer and star (alongside Josef Hader) of the film \"Indien\".\n", "Section::::Film.\n", "In 1993 Dorfer appeared alongside Josef Hader in the film \"Indien\" under the direction of Paul Harather. A year later came the film \"Muttertag\" (\"Mother's Day\"), in which he appeared alongside such other prominent Austrian actors and comedians as Roland Düringer, Andrea Händler and Reinhard Nowak. In 1995 he appeared in \"Freispiel\" (\"Freegame\") under the direction of Harald Sicheritz, once more appearing alongside Roland Düringer.\n", "Section::::Television.\n", "He currently presents a show on the Austrian channel ORF called \"Dorfers Donnerstalk\" on Thursday nights, which is a mix of stand-up comedy, sketches and social commentary.\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Official homepage\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "Austrian cabaret artist and actor", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q1771122", "wikidata_label": "Alfred Dorfer", "wikipedia_title": "Alfred Dorfer" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Neil Burns\n", "Neil David Burns (born 19 September 1965) is a former English cricketer who played as a wicketkeeper/batsman who played at First-class and List A level for various clubs but spent the majority of his career at Leicestershire and Somerset.\n", "Burns was born in Chelmsford, Essex in 1965.\n", "In 2004, following the end of his playing career, Burns re-formed the London County Cricket Club which had been founded by W.G. Grace - which he continues to manage.\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- London County Cricket Club (Official Website)\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "English cricketer", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q6840280", "wikidata_label": "Neil Burns", "wikipedia_title": "Neil Burns" }

{ "end": [ 57, 75, 148, 193, 233, 52, 37, 113, 255, 274, 263, 109, 124, 36, 384, 530, 143, 101, 17 ], "href": [ "haham", "Sephardic", "Shabbethai%20%E1%BA%92ebi", "Ayllon", "province%20of%20Segovia", "Talmudist", "Thessaloniki", "Safed", "Joseph%20Philosoph", "Solomon%20Florentin", "Livorno", "Jacob%20Fidanque", "Abraham%20Miguel%20Cardoso", "Tzvi%20Ashkenazi", "Nehemiah%20%E1%B8%A4ayyun", "Kabbalah", "Aaron%20de%20Pinto", "Jews%27%20College", "Heinrich%20Graetz" ], "paragraph_id": [ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 8, 9, 10, 12, 16 ], "start": [ 52, 66, 133, 187, 214, 43, 29, 108, 239, 257, 256, 95, 110, 22, 369, 524, 129, 88, 12 ], "text": [ "haham", "Sephardic", "Shabbethai Ẓebi", "Ayllon", "province of Segovia", "Talmudist", "Salonica", "Safed", "Joseph Philosoph", "Solomon Florentin", "Livorno", "Jacob Fidanque", "Miguel Cardoso", "Tzvi Ashkenazi", "Nehemiah Ḥayyun", "Cabala", "Aaron de Pinto", "Jews' College", "Grätz" ], "wikipedia_id": [ "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "" ], "wikipedia_title": [ "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "" ] }

{ "paragraph": [ "Solomon Ayllon\n", "Solomon Ayllon (1660 or 1664 – April 10, 1728) was \"haham\" of the Sephardic congregations in London and Amsterdam, and a follower of Shabbethai Ẓebi. His name is derived from the town of Ayllon, in what is now the province of Segovia.\n", "Ayllon was neither a general scholar nor a Talmudist of standing. But his history is closely interwoven with that of Shabbethaism in both the East and the West.\n", "Ayllon's youth was passed in Salonica, which was probably his birthplace, although some persons assert that Safed was the place, because many Shabbethaians claimed to be of Palestinian birth. He associated with the Shabbethaian circles of Joseph Philosoph, Solomon Florentin, and other leading spirits of antinomian and communistic tendencies. There he is said to have married as his divinely appointed spouse a woman from whom another man had separated without the formality of a divorce, only to experience that she soon left him for a third spouse, whose \"affinity\" seemed holier to this strange sect than the bonds of lawful matrimony.\n", "A few years later he visited Europe as a \"meshullaḥ\" (messenger) from the Palestinian congregations to collect funds for the poor of Palestine, leaving his wife and children domiciled in Safed, and having apparently publicly broken with Shabbethaism. From Livorno, where he was in 1688, he repaired to Amsterdam and thence to London, where, after a few months' stay, he was appointed \"haham\" on June 6, 1689.\n", "The very next year, however, he was vigorously attacked by a member of the congregation, named Jacob Fidanque, who had heard something of Ayllon's antecedents. The Ma'amad, caring more for its dignity than for the truth, endeavored to suppress the scandal, but Ayllon's position was so hopelessly undermined by the exposure, that all the really learned members of the congregation would not submit to the new \"haham\", which caused considerable friction, in spite of a pronunciamento (\"haskamah\") issued by the Ma'amad that under penalty of excommunication it was forbidden \"to any one except the appointed haham to lay down the law or to render any legal decision\".\n", "Ayllon, in a letter to Sasportas six years later (1696), still complained bitterly of the unbearable relations between him and his congregation, and inasmuch as his Shabbethaian proclivities began to reassert themselves, and the congregation just then began to consider the propriety of asking for his resignation (M. Ḥagis, l.c.), he resolved to leave London, and was glad to accept an appointment as associate rabbi of the Sephardic congregation of Amsterdam, 1701.\n", "Ayllon's first blunders in his new home took place when in 1700 he pronounced as harmless a heretical work by Miguel Cardoso (probably the work \"Boḳer Abraham,\" still extant in manuscript), which he had been requested to examine by the Ma'amad. This latter body, however, was somewhat distrustful of its ḥakam, and sought additional opinions from other learned authorities. They gave as their opinion that Cardozo's work merited public burning, and this sentence was actually carried out.\n", "About this time, too, Tzvi Ashkenazi came to Amsterdam as rabbi of the Ashkenazic community; his advent was a serious matter to Ayllon, as the former completely eclipsed his Sephardic colleague by his superior learning and dignity of character; he was also a noted heresy-hunter in the matter of the Shabbethaian movement. The clash could hardly have been averted, and Nehemiah Ḥayyun, a notorious Shabbethaian, precipitated it.\n", "At the request of M. Ḥagis, Ashkenazi examined the works of Ḥayyun (1711) and denounced them as heretical; in addition, he notified the Ma'amad of the fact. This body, however, did not welcome advice volunteered by a Polish-German rabbi, and replied that, before taking action, Ashkenazi's opinion would have to be fortified by the assent of Ayllon and other members of their own body. Ashkenazi peremptorily declined this express invitation to sit in council with Ayllon, for he was well aware both of his ignorance of the Cabala and of his suspected affinity with Shabbethaism.\n", "Ayllon saw in this crisis an opportunity to make political capital. He persuaded an influential member of the Ma'amad, a certain Aaron de Pinto, to take up the matter as an attempt on the part of the German rabbi to interfere with the autonomy of the Sephardic community. It is difficult to discover whether Ayllon was actuated herein by secret loyalty to Shabbethaism, or whether, for personal reasons, he merely sought to clear Ḥayyun from the imputation cast upon him. The adventurer was well acquainted with Ayllon's antecedents, and it would have been dangerous to make an enemy of him. Be this as it may, De Pinto succeeded in having a resolution passed by the Ma'amad, declining to permit any such interference in their affairs by the German rabbi, and requesting Ayllon to appoint a committee to give an official opinion upon Ḥayyun's work. The finding of this commission was publicly announced August 7, 1713, in the Portuguese synagogue, and it ran that Ḥayyun was innocent of the heresy charged against him, and that he had been unrighteously persecuted. The committee consisted of seven members, but its conclusions represented simply Ayllon's opinion, for the other six understood nothing of the matter.\n", "The affair, however, was not closed, for Ashkenazi and Ḥagis had already, on July 23 pronounced the ban of excommunication upon Ḥayyun and his heretical book. In the protracted discussion which ensued between Ayllon and Ashkenazi, a discussion into which the rabbis of Germany, Austria, and Italy were drawn, Ayllon made but a sorry figure, although, as far as Amsterdam was concerned, it might be said to have ended triumphantly for him, seeing that Ashkenazi was compelled to leave the city. Not alone did Ayllon permit his protégé, Ḥayyun, to assail the foremost men in Israel, but he supplied him with personal papers containing attacks upon his opponent Ḥagis. Ayllon was also no doubt the rabbi who laid charges against Ashkenazi before the Amsterdam magistrates, and thus made an internal dissension of the Jewish community a matter of public discussion. It is claimed that upon hearing of the death of Ashkenazi in 1718, Ayllon confessed that he had wronged the man. It is certain that when, a few years later, Ḥayyun visited Amsterdam again, he found matters changed so much that even Ayllon refused to see him. Ayllon died at Amsterdam in 1728.\n", "Ayllon left a cabalistic work, a manuscript of which is preserved in the library of the Jews' College in London.\n", "Section::::References.\n", "BULLET::::- Emden, \"Megillat Sefer\" (see Index);\n", "BULLET::::- Gaster, \"History of Bevis Marks\", pp. 22–31, 107-111;\n", "BULLET::::- Grätz, \"Gesch. der Juden\", x. 305, 309-325, 482-487, 3d ed.;\n", "BULLET::::- Kohn, D.; \"Eben-ha-Toïn\", pp. 64–74 (reprint from Ha-Shaḥar, iii.);\n", "BULLET::::- Wolf, \"Bibl. Hebr\". iii. 1026, iv. 974\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Won Hee-ryong\n", "Won Hee-ryong (born February 14, 1964) is a South Korean politician. He is a member of the 16th, 17th, and 18th National Assembly, and was a Supreme Council Member of the conservative Grand National Party. He is the current governor of Jeju Province. \n", "He is known to be a moderating force during his time in the conservative Saenuri Party (GNP's successor) and does not always adopt his party's policies and convictions.\n", "Section::::Early life and education.\n", "He graduated from college of law in Seoul National University. He is well known for being ranked first in two major state examinations: the College Scholastic Ability Test (1982) and the National Judicial Exam (1992).\n", "During his youth, he was a member of the Korean labour and student movements for 7 years, fighting for the right of labour and democratization.\n", "Passing the 34th National Judicial Exam (1992), he worked as a public prosecutor in Seoul, Yeoju, and Busan.\n", "Section::::Political Career.\n", "Since then, he has been elected as a member of National Assembly (2000), served as a member of Science, Technology, Information & Telecommunication Committee, Legislation & Judiciary Committee (2002), Unification, Foreign Affairs & Trade Committee (2004), Finance & Economy Committee (2006), and Commerce, Industry & Energy Committee (2007) in the National Assembly.\n", "He has been a member of World Economic Forum since 2003 and was elected as a young global leader by WEF (2005).\n", "In 2005 Won wrote his life \"\"I Am Dreaming Of Sub-Three\".\"\n", "In 2007, Won ran for the party presidential candidacy; he gained only 1% of votes.\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "Member of the National Assembly", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q8031676", "wikidata_label": "Won Hee-ryong", "wikipedia_title": "Won Hee-ryong" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Kevin Michael\n", "Kevin Michael (born Kevin Michael Seward, October 22, 1985 in Chester, Pennsylvania) is an American pop artist that was signed to Downtown Records in 2007, the same year he released his self-titled debut album.\n", "Section::::Early life.\n", "Born in Chester, Pennsylvania, Michael grew up in a mixed-race family. His father is African-American and his mother is bi-racial. This had quite an effect on him as a child growing up and would serve as one of his main messages in later musical work. He is a self-taught vocalist with a five octave range. Kevin cites artists like Prince, Michael Jackson and Stevie Wonder as some of his biggest musical influences. At the age of 16 he wrote his first song, and has continued writing his own material throughout the years. Kevin says he loves writing music just as much as singing it.\n", "Section::::2006–2009.\n", "Michael received attention from Virgin Records and Columbia Records while still a teenager, but ultimately signed with Atlantic Records and their Downtown Records imprint.\n", "His first EP \"Ya Dig?\" was featured only on iTunes and the buzz single \"We All Want The Same Thing\" was highlighted on iTunes Store as the Single of the Week for May 8, 2007. \"We All Want The Same Thing\" featured rapper Lupe Fiasco and was featured in a Verizon Wireless V Cast Song ID commercial.\n", "Kevin Michael's first official single from his full-length LP was \"It Don't Make Any Difference\", both produced by and featuring Wyclef Jean. In the song Kevin talks about interracial relationships and the product of being a bi-racial adult himself. A video for the song was shot in Brooklyn, NY in May 2007 directed by video collective Syndrome (James Larese). The video and song was received well by both MTV and VH1 Soul.\n", "Michael's performance was favorably reviewed on day two of the August 2007 Lollapalooza concert in Chicago, describing Kevin as a \"young singer with the towering afro and a voice that mixes the soulful side of Michael Jackson with a hip-hop edge.\" He has also performed at MTV's 2007 Video Music Awards at The Palms Casino Pool in Las Vegas.\n", "The debut album \"Kevin Michael\" was released on October 2, 2007. He was on separate tours with Lily Allen, and then Maroon 5 in 2007. In 2008, he toured with John Legend on the Pepsi Smash Tour.\n", "He appeared in the 2009 romantic-comedy \"(500) Days of Summer\" as the wedding singer. His cover of Etta James' \"At Last\" was included on the movie's soundtrack.\n", "Section::::2010 to present.\n", "On June 10, 2010, Michael resurfaced under the alias KofTHEY (K being the initial for his name, and THEY being a group acronym standing for THE Youth) and released THEY’s first single, \"Areola\" on their YouTube channel, KofTHEY.\n", "On March 14, 2011, Michael opened Twitter and Facebook accounts as KofTHEY.\n", "On March 16, 2011, he released the follow-up album \"International\" for a limited release in Japan.\n", "On April 5, 2011, he launched the TeamTHEY website and released two new songs under KofTHEY.\n", "On July 1, 2011, Michael released \"Covers For You\", a nine-song cover album. The album also includes one track from his \"International\" album.\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Official website\n", "BULLET::::- Official Myspace page\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "American musician", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q1740219", "wikidata_label": "Kevin Michael", "wikipedia_title": "Kevin Michael" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Alfred Tonello\n", "Alfred \"Sigisfredo\" Tonello (11 March 1929 – 21 December 1996) was a road racing cyclist from France, who won the bronze medal in the men's team road race at the 1952 Summer Olympics, alongside Jacques Anquetil and Claude Rouer. He was a professional rider from 1953 to 1959.\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Ruth Cheney Streeter\n", "Ruth Cheney Streeter (October 2, 1895 – September 30, 1990) was the first director of the United States Marine Corps Women's Reserve (USMCWR). In 1943, she became the first woman to attain the rank of major in the United States Marine Corps when she was commissioned as a major on January 29, 1943. She retired in 1945 as a lieutenant colonel.\n", "Section::::Life and military career.\n", "Born Ruth Cheney on October 2, 1895, in Brookline, Massachusetts. She graduated from Bryn Mawr College in 1918.\n", "On June 23, 1917, she married Thomas W. Streeter; they went on to have four children. They lived in Morristown, New Jersey, where she was involved in civic affairs, and served as the first woman president of the Morris County, New Jersey Welfare Board.\n", "At the age of 47, Streeter earned her commercial pilot's license, with the intention of joining either the WAVES or the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASPS) as a ferry pilot in the war effort. After being rejected five times by the WASPS on account of her age, however, Streeter chose to give up flying altogether, and instead joined the United States Marine Corps Women's Reserve. On January 29, 1943, she was commissioned as a major and appointed director of the United States Marine Corps Women's Reserve. She was in office on the official creation date of MCWR on 13 February 1943. She was promoted to lieutenant colonel later that year, and breveted to full colonel in 1944. She resigned her commission on December 6, 1945. During Streeter's tenure, the Women's Reserve grew to a size of 831 officers and 17,714 enlisted.\n", "In 1946, she was awarded the Legion of Merit. The accompanying citation states in part:\n", "Exercising judgment, initiative and ability, Colonel Streeter rendered distinctive service in directing the planning and organization of the Women's Reserve of the Marine Corps and skillfully integrating women into the basic structure of the Corps, carefully selected, trained and properly assigned them as replacements for men in shore establishments.\n", "In addition to the Legion of Merit, Streeter was also awarded the American Campaign Medal and the World War II Victory Medal.\n", "In 1947, she was appointed as a member of the New Jersey Constitutional Convention.\n", "Streeter died of congestive heart failure on September 30, 1990, in Morristown, New Jersey. 1990. She is buried in Peterborough, New Hampshire.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- Katherine Amelia Towle, 2nd Director of the USMC Women's Reserve (1945–1946) and 1st Director of Women Marines (1948–1953).\n", "BULLET::::- Margaret A. Brewer, 6th and final director of Women Marines and first female to reach the rank of general in the Marine Corps.\n", "BULLET::::- Cheney Award, established by Ruth and her mother to honor her brother who was killed in WWI\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Yang Yuanqing\n", "Yang Yuanqing (, born 12 November 1964) is a Chinese businessman who is the current chairman and CEO of Lenovo. According to Hurun Report's 2013 China Rich List, he had an estimated fortune of around US$620 million and is the 533rd richest person in China.\n", "Section::::Early life and education.\n", "Yang was born on 12 November 1964 to parents both educated as surgeons. He spent his childhood in Hefei in Anhui province. He grew up poor, as his parents were paid the same salaries as manual laborers. Yang's parents endured repeated persecution during the Cultural Revolution. Yang's father, Yang Furong, was a disciplined man with strict standards. Yang said of his father, \"If he set a target, no matter what happened, he wanted to reach it.\"\n", "While his parents wanted him to pursue a career in medicine, and he had a budding interest in literature, Yang decided to study computer science on the advice of a family friend who was a university professor. Yang earned an undergraduate degree in computer science from Shanghai Jiaotong University in 1986 and graduated with a master's degree from the University of Science and Technology of China in 1988.\n", "Section::::Lenovo.\n", "Yang spotted a newspaper advertisement for jobs at Lenovo while in Beijing performing research for his master's degree. Yang had initially planned on becoming a university professor but took a risk and accepted a position with Lenovo in sales. He was paid the equivalent of US$30 per month.\n", "In 1989, Yang joined Legend, as Lenovo was then known, at the age of 25. He was quickly promoted. Yang travelled to meet distributors throughout China and used his technical knowledge to achieve a strong sales record. Yang also stood out at Lenovo for being a quiet, deep thinker. These qualities caught the attention of Liu Chuanzhi, who later promoted Yang to head Lenovo's personal computer business at just 29 years old. Yang was elevated to CEO of the whole company when Liu retired in 2001. Liu described Yang as \"A man who moves forward, takes risks and aims to innovate.\" Liu also said, \"I had been observing Yang a long time before I appointed him to take over the PC business. He had clear goals, was broad-minded and straightforward. We trusted him.\"\n", "Yang's first major task at Lenovo was to write a bid to become an IBM reseller. After submitting his bid, Yang discovered that he had quoted twice the price of his competitors. Within a year of joining Lenovo in 1988, Yang had lost interest in sales and had taken the TOEFL in preparation to study overseas. Yang stayed on after repeated requests from Liu Chuanzhi. Yang believed that he would benefit from exposure to American business practices but Liu persuaded him to delay his plans for two years. Problems at Legend due to lower import duties on personal computers did not allow for this though.\n", "Yang decided on Lenovo implementing specific job descriptions with clear responsibilities and a system of performance evaluations used to determine annual bonuses. At the time, most Chinese enterprises distributed bonuses of equal size to all employees, there was little sense of responsibility, and workers passively waited for superiors to issue instructions. When Yang took over Lenovo's personal computer division, he strongly discouraged the use of formal titles and required staff to address each other by their given names. Yang even required managers to stand outside their offices each morning to greet their employees while carrying signs with their first names. Yang's division moved to a new building in 1997. He used the move to break Lenovo's cultural links to the past. He insisted on a more formal dress code and training all employees in telephone etiquette; Yang wanted his people to think and act like high-tech workers in developed markets.\n", "After addressing human resources issues, Yang moved on to distribution. Due to China's large territory, large population, varying degrees of economic development, and widely different local regulations, Lenovo was having difficulty operating nationwide. While Lenovo had been using direct sales and a network of distributors, Yang gave up on direct sales in favor of exclusively using independent agents to avoid the costs of administering a complex sales network. This action resulted in Lenovo cutting its sales staff from over 100 to just 18 in 1994. To gain confidence among distributors, Lenovo provided a wide range of products, offered reasonable prices, and closely supervised the marketing of its products to look out for the interests of distributors. In contrast to Lenovo, foreign firms often tried to squeeze distributors' margins. Yang ensured proper training of distributors and brought in Microsoft and Intel to help with these efforts. Yang also set up a system to monitor the sales, inventory, cash flow, compliance, and pricing of distributors. Many analysts cite Lenovo's distribution system and after sales service as the key to its expansion.\n", "Yang Yuanqing was chairman of Lenovo's board from 2004 to 2008. In February 2009, Yang gave up his position as chairman and again became CEO at Lenovo.\n", "In 2005, Yang Yuanqing undertook a deal with Microsoft to have Windows preloaded on most Lenovo computers sold in China. In exchange, Microsoft China offered a rebate on Windows and marketing assistance. Other manufacturers adopted this approach afterwards, partly due to Yang's substantial influence in China's technology industry. Microsoft tripled its sales of preloaded versions of Windows within a year as a result. The change was requested by Bill Gates and Steve Ballmer to combat what they referred to as a rise in the number of pirated versions of Windows. These versions were predominantly being installed on the hard drives of computers with no bundled operating system. Steve Ballmer said, \"Yuanqing made a huge difference. He was willing to go out on a limb.\"\n", "Yang also proved to be effective at navigating American politics. In early 2006, the U.S. State Department was harshly criticized for purchasing 16,000 computers from Lenovo. Critics attempted to smear Lenovo as controlled by the Chinese government and a potential vehicle for espionage against the United States. Yang spoke out forcefully and publicly to defend Lenovo. He said, \" We are not a government-controlled company.\" He pointed out that Lenovo pioneered China's transition to a market economy and that in the early 1990s had fought and beaten four state-owned enterprises that dominated the Chinese computer market. Those firms had the full backing of the state while Lenovo received no special treatment. The State Department deal went through.\n", "Yang worried that fears about Lenovo's supposed connections to the Chinese government would be an ongoing issue in the United States. Yang worked to ease worries by communicating directly with Congress. In June 2006, Yang arranged to be seated next to C. Richard D'Amato, a member of the congressional committee that had earlier raised concerns about the security of Lenovo's products. D'Amato later stated that he was impressed with Yang's candor. The issue soon faded away.\n", "While Lenovo's official language is English, Yang initially did not understand the language well; he relocated his family to Morrisville to improve his language skills and soak up American culture. Yang also hired a private tutor and watched cable news to practice. Yang also sent many Lenovo executives to the US for long postings. One American Lenovo executive interviewed by The Economist praised Yang for his efforts to make Lenovo a friendly place for foreigners to work. As of 2013, Lenovo's top 14 executives come from seven countries. Lenovo has acquired companies all over the world. The company has dual headquarters in Beijing and Morrisville, the former home of IBM's personal computer business.\n", "Yang has created a \"performance culture\" instead of the traditional Chinese work style of \"waiting to see what the emperor wants.\" Yang holds an annual banquet at his home in Beijing for Lenovo's top executives. Traditionally, each guest at the banquet stands up and uses a toast to set goals for their business unit. Yang has said that when Lenovo enters a new market they intend to be number one. Yang stated, “If you don’t have enough scale, if you don’t have enough volume, it’s hard to make money. If you don’t have enough market share, it’s hard to make money. That’s why we enter the markets one by one. When we enter a market, we want to quickly get double-digit market share.”\n", "In 2012, Yang received a $3 million bonus as a reward for record profits, which he then redistributed to about 10,000 of Lenovo's employees. According to Lenovo spokesman, Jeffrey Shafer, Yang felt that it would be the right thing to, \"redirect [the money] to the employees as a real tangible gesture for what they done.\" The bonuses were mostly distributed among staff working in positions such as production and reception who received an average of 2,000 yuan or about US$314. This amount of money was almost equivalent to a month's pay for the typical Lenovo worker in China. Yang contributed another $3.25 million bonus to 10,000 Lenovo employees in 2013. Employees in 20 countries benefited from Yang's gift. 85% of recipients were in mainland China. As in 2013, these workers were typically hourly production staff.\n", "Shafer also said that Yang, who owns about eight percent of Lenovo's stock, \"felt that he was rewarded well simply as the owner of the company.\"According to Lenovo's annual report, Yang earned $14 million, including $5.2 million in bonuses, during the fiscal year that ended in March 2012. Yang greatly increased his ownership stake in Lenovo by acquiring 797 million shares in 2011. Before, he owned only 70 million shares. Yang said, \"While the transaction is a personal financial matter, I want to be very clear that my decision to make this investment is based on my strong belief in the company's very bright future. Our culture is built on commitment and ownership – we do what we say, and we own what we do. My decision to increase my holdings represents my steadfast belief in these principles.\"\n", "In April 2015, Yang required all members of Lenovo's media team to be active on at least one social media outlet. Yang is an active user of Twitter, LinkedIn, and Sina Weibo. Yang encourages his team to talk about their personal lives on social media. He said, \"I cannot just promote a Lenovo product every day. I have to get people interested first and then find the opportunity to promote it once in awhile.”\n", "Yang is often referred to as \"YY\" by his colleagues at Lenovo.\n", "Section::::Awards and recognition.\n", "Yang was awarded the May Fourth Youth Medal, by the All-China Youth Federation in 1999. In 1999 and 2001, the magazine \"BusinessWeek\" named him one of the \"Stars of Asia.\" In 2004, he was listed among \"Asia's 25 Most Influential Business Leaders\" by \"Fortune Asia\". Yang was named \"2007 Chinese Business Leader\" by \"Fortune China\". In 2008, \"Forbes Asia\" named Yang \"Businessman of the Year.\" In 2011, \"Finance Asia\" named Yang the \"Best CEO in China.\" \n", "In December 2012, Yang was named one of the \"2012 CCTV China Economic Figures\" in a televised award ceremony. Yang received the same award in 2004. During the ceremony Yang said, \"I have a dream that Lenovo will become the pride of China in the IT industry. Lenovo is my life's struggle and career, I have invested all of my energy into it. I firmly believe that Lenovo, a product of China, will stand atop the world's stage. As you can now see, our dream is being realized step-by-step.\" \n", "On 1 May 2014, Yang received the 2014 Edison Achievement Award in San Francisco at the annual Edison Awards Gala. Yang shared the award with Elon Musk of Tesla Motors and SpaceX. The Edison awards honor innovation in science and technology and recognize individuals for their “broad contributions to technical innovation.” Yang was the first person from Asia ever to receive the award. Past winners include Steve Jobs, Ted Turner, Doug Ivester, and Martha Stewart. In 2015, Yang was listed on \"Forbes\" billionaire list.\n", "Yang Yuanqing was selected to accompany Chinese president Xi Jinping on a state visit to the United States in September 2015.\n", "Section::::Public service, philanthropy, and other activities.\n", "Yang serves on the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, China's top governmental advisory body that includes more than 2,000 of China's elites from all sectors of society. In 2014, he pushed for legislation to protect privacy and personal data on the web and electronic devices. Yang said that while the internet has brought many advances it also brings new challenges such as protecting privacy and securing personal information. Yang said that legal loopholes and widespread corruption create major challenges to securing personal data. Yang made his proposal at the advisory body's annual meeting.\n", "Yang also serves on the board of China's national Youth League, as director of the China Entrepreneurs' Association, and as a member of the New York Stock Exchange's International Advisory Committee. Yang also teaches as a guest lecturer at China's University of Science and Technology.\n", "In March 2015, Yang joined the CEO Roundtable on Cancer, an international non-profit group founded in 2001, focused on preventing cancer and advancing research that promotes improved patient outcomes. The group is known for its \"CEO Cancer Gold Standard,\" a workplace wellness program that promotes risk reduction, early detection, and effective treatment. Yang publicly pledged to implement this standard at Lenovo.\n", "In October 2015, the University of North Carolina announced a donation of $1 million from Yang Yuanqing to fund biomedical research. Yang's donation funds grants of $75,000 per scholar. The first recipients were Jonathan Berg, an associate professor of genetics and medicine; Maureen Su, an associate professor of pediatrics, microbiology and immunology; and Yisong Wan, an associate professor of microbiology and immunology.\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Lenovo Official website\n" ] }

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