Parlogs-Observations Dataset

Dataset Summary

Parlogs-Observations is a comprehensive dataset that includes the Very Large Telescope (VLT) logs for Template Execution of PIONIER, GRAVITY, and MATISSE instruments when they used Auxiliary Telescopes (ATs). It also encompasses all VLTI subsystems and ATs logs. This dataset aggregates logs based on instruments, time ranges, and subsystems, and contains template executions from 2019 in the VLTI infrastructure at Paranal. The dataset is formatted in single Parket files, which can be conveniently loaded, for example, with Pandas in Python.

Parlogs-Observations is publicly available at 🤗 Hugging Face Dataset.

Supported Tasks and Leaderboards

The parlogs-observations dataset is a resource for researchers and practitioners in astronomy, data analysis, and machine learning. It enables a wide range of tasks focused on enhancing the understanding and operation of the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) infrastructure. The following tasks are supported by the dataset:

• Anomaly Detection: Users can identify unusual patterns or abnormal behavior in the log data that could indicate errors or bugs. This is crucial in providing operaional maintenance to the VLTI.

• System Diagnosis: The dataset allows for diagnosing system failures or performance issues. By analyzing error logs, trace logs, or event logs, researchers can pinpoint and address the root causes of various operational issues.

• Performance Monitoring: With this dataset, monitoring the performance of the VLTI systems becomes feasible. Users can track and analyze systems to understand resource usage, detect latency issues, or identify bottlenecks in the infrastructure.

• Predictive Maintenance: Leveraging the dataset for predictive maintenance helps in foreseeing system failures or issues before they occur. This is achieved by analyzing trends and patterns in the log data to implement timely interventions.

Overview

Observations at Paranal

At Paranal, the Very Large Telescope (VLT) is one of the world's most advanced optical telescopes, consisting of four Unit Telescopes and four movable Auxiliary Telescopes. Astronomical observations are configured into Observation Blocks (OBs), containing a sequence of Templates with parameters and scripts tailored to various scientific goals. Each template's execution follows a predictable behavior, allowing for detailed and systematic studies. The templates remain unchanged during a scientific period of six months, therefore the templates referred in parlogs-observations datasets can be considered as immutable source code.

Machine Learning Techniques for parlogs-observations

Given the structured nature of the dataset, various machine learning techniques can be applied to extract insights and build models for the tasks mentioned above. Some of these techniques include:

• Clustering Algorithms: Such as K-means and hierarchical clustering to group similar log messages or events and identify nested patterns in log data.

• Classification Algorithms: Including Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forests, and Naive Bayes classifiers for categorizing log messages and detecting anomalies.

• Sequence Analysis and Pattern Recognition: Utilizing Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) and Frequent Pattern Mining to model sequences of log messages or events and discover common patterns in logs.

• Anomaly Detection Techniques: Applying Isolation Forest and other advanced methods to identify outliers and anomalies in log data.

• Natural Language Processing (NLP) Techniques: Leveraging Topic Modeling and Word Embeddings to uncover thematic structures in log messages and transform text into meaningful numerical representations.

• Deep Learning Techniques: Employing Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), Transformers, and Autoencoders for sophisticated modeling and analysis of time-series log data.

Data Structure and Naming Conventions

The dataset is organized into Parket files follow a structured naming convention for easy identification and access based on the instrument, time range, and subsystems. This format ensures efficient data retrieval and manipulation, especially for large-scale data analysis:

{INSTRUMENT}-{TIME_RANGE}-{CONTENT}.parket

Where:

• INSTRUMENT can be PIONIER, GRAVITY, or MATISSE.
• TIME_RANGE is one of 1d, 1w, 1m, 6m.
• CONTENT can be meta, traces, traces-SUBSYSTEMS, or traces-TELESCOPES.

Example files:

• PIONIER-1w-meta.parket
• GRAVITY-1m-traces-SUBSYSTEMS.parket

The "meta" file includes information about the template execution, while "traces" files contain event logs.

The exisiting files are shown in the table below:

GRAVITY	PIONIER	MATISSE
GRAVITY-1d-meta.parket	PIONIER-1d-meta.parket	MATISSE-1d-meta.parket
GRAVITY-1d-traces-SUBSYSTEMS.parket	PIONIER-1d-traces-SUBSYSTEMS.parket	MATISSE-1d-traces-SUBSYSTEMS.parket
GRAVITY-1d-traces-TELESCOPES.parket	PIONIER-1d-traces-TELESCOPES.parket	MATISSE-1d-traces-TELESCOPES.parket
GRAVITY-1d-traces.parket	PIONIER-1d-traces.parket	MATISSE-1d-traces.parket
GRAVITY-1m-meta.parket	PIONIER-1m-meta.parket	MATISSE-1m-meta.parket
GRAVITY-1m-traces-SUBSYSTEMS.parket	PIONIER-1m-traces-SUBSYSTEMS.parket	MATISSE-1m-traces-SUBSYSTEMS.parket
GRAVITY-1m-traces-TELESCOPES.parket	PIONIER-1m-traces-TELESCOPES.parket	MATISSE-1m-traces-TELESCOPES.parket
GRAVITY-1m-traces.parket	PIONIER-1m-traces.parket	MATISSE-1m-traces.parket
GRAVITY-1w-meta.parket	PIONIER-1w-meta.parket	MATISSE-1w-meta.parket
GRAVITY-1w-traces-SUBSYSTEMS.parket	PIONIER-1w-traces-SUBSYSTEMS.parket	MATISSE-1w-traces-SUBSYSTEMS.parket
GRAVITY-1w-traces-TELESCOPES.parket	PIONIER-1w-traces-TELESCOPES.parket	MATISSE-1w-traces-TELESCOPES.parket
GRAVITY-1w-traces.parket	PIONIER-1w-traces.parket	MATISSE-1w-traces.parket
GRAVITY-6m-meta.parket	PIONIER-6m-meta.parket	MATISSE-6m-meta.parket
GRAVITY-6m-traces-SUBSYSTEMS.parket	PIONIER-6m-traces-SUBSYSTEMS.parket	MATISSE-6m-traces-SUBSYSTEMS.parket
GRAVITY-6m-traces-TELESCOPES.parket	PIONIER-6m-traces-TELESCOPES.parket	MATISSE-6m-traces-TELESCOPES.parket
GRAVITY-6m-traces.parket	PIONIER-6m-traces.parket	MATISSE-6m-traces.parket

Combining Files

Files from same instrument and within the same time range belong to the same trace_id. For instance, in the files:

• PIONIER-1w-meta.parket
• PIONIER-1w-traces.parket

The trace_id=10 in PIONIER-1w-traces.parket file corresponds to the id=10 in the meta file PIONIER-1w-meta.parket.

Data Instances

A typical entry in the dataset might look like this:

# File: PIONIER-1m-traces.parket
# Row: 12268
{
"@timestamp": 1554253173950,
"system": "PIONIER",
"hostname": "wpnr",
"loghost": "wpnr",
"logtype": "LOG",
"envname": "wpnr",
"procname": "pnoControl",
"procid": 208,
"module": "boss",
"keywname": "",
"keywvalue": "",
"keywmask": "",
"logtext": "Executing START command ...",
"trace_id": 49
}

Data Fields

The dataset contains structured logs from software operations related to astronomical instruments. Each entry in the log provides detailed information regarding specific actions or events recorded by the system. Below is the description of each field in the log entries:

Field	Description
@timestamp	The timestamp of the log entry in milliseconds.
system	The name of the system (e.g., PIONIER) from which the log entry originates.
hostname	The hostname of the machine where the log entry was generated.
loghost	The host of the logging system that generated the entry.
logtype	Type of the log entry (e.g., LOG, FEVT, ERR), indicating its nature such as general log, event, or error.
envname	The environment name where the log was generated, providing context for the log entry.
procname	The name of the process that generated the log entry.
procid	The process ID associated with the log entry.
module	The module from which the log entry originated, indicating the specific part of the system.
keywname	Name of any keyword associated with the log entry, if applicable. It is always paired with keywvalue
keywvalue	Value of the keyword mentioned in keywname, if applicable.
keywmask	Mask or additional context for the keyword, if applicable.
logtext	The actual text of the log entry, providing detailed information about the event or action.
trace_id	A unique identifier associated with each log entry, corresponds to id in metadata table.

Dataset Metadata

Each Parket file contains metadata regarding its contents, which includes details about the instrument used, time range, and types of logs stored. This is the format of a sample template execution in the metadata:

# File: PIONIER-1m-meta.parket
# Row: 49
{
"START": "2019-04-03 00:59:33.005000",
"END": "2019-04-03 01:01:25.719000",
"TIMEOUT": false,
"system": "PIONIER",
"procname": "bob_ins",
"TPL_ID": "PIONIER_obs_calibrator",
"ERROR": false,
"Aborted": false,
"SECONDS": 112.0,
"TEL": "AT"
}

Where the fields are:

Field	Comment
START	The start timestamp of the template execution in milliseconds
END	The end timestamp of the template execution in milliseconds
TIMEOUT	Indicates if the execution exceeded a predefined time limit
system	The name of the system used (e.g., PIONIER)
procname	The process name associated with the template execution
TPL_ID	The filename of the corresponding template file
ERROR	Indicates if there was an error during execution
Aborted	Indicates if the template execution was aborted (manually or because an error)
SECONDS	The duration of the template execution in seconds
TEL	The class of telescope used in the observation, in this dataset it is only AT

This structured format ensures a comprehensive understanding of each template's execution, providing insights into the operational dynamics of astronomical observations at Paranal.

Loading Data

The dataset can be loaded using Python libraries like Pandas. Here's an example of how to load a Parket file:

import pandas as pd

df = pd.read_parket('PIONIER-1w-meta.parket')