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[|Human|] heather a newborn baby needs surgery because she was born with an aorta that arises from the right ventricle and a pulmonary trunk that issues from the left ventricle, a condition  called transposition of the great vessels. What are the physiological consequences of this defect?
[|AI|]  Hello thanks for posting here. Transposition of great vessels or TGA is a condition where the aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle. In our body, the left ventricle supplies oxygenated blood via the aorta to the various organs of the body to provide oxygen for them to function. The right ventricle receives all this deoxygenated blood back from the organs and then pumps it into the lungs through the pulmonary artery to oxygenate the blood again which is then again directed towards the left side of the heart and the cycle continues. In TGA, Since the connections are interchanged, the deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle goes into the aorta and hence the organs of the body receive deoxygenated blood. This leads to symptoms like breathlessness, bluish discoloration of skin, multiorgan dysfunction etc. similarly the oxygenated blood from the lungs goes to the left ventricle and then into the pulmonary artery again into the lung. So body doesn't receive oxygenated blood. When the fetus is inside the mother, there is a connection between the aorta and pulmonary artery which closes after birth. This duct is called ducts arterioles which helps in mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood when fetus is inside the mother. In infants with TGA, it is necessary to keep this ducts arterioles (DA) patent so that OXY- and deoxygenated blood can mix and the infant receives some amount of oxygenated blood. So in order to keep this duct patent some medications are given till corrective surgery is done. Corrective surgeries basically reconnect the connections to supply oxygenated blood to organs and deoxygenated to lungs. Also know there are two forms of TGA, corrected and uncorrected. Corrected is when there is transposition but left ventricle despite being connected to pulmonary artery, the pulmonary artery further supplies the body organs. Therefore corrected Gas are normally asymptomatic and don't require surgery. Uncorrected Gas are symptomatic and usually require corrective surgeries. I hope this solves your queries. It is very confusing initially to understand, I have used the best possible way to explain you. Thank you