Conversation: The conversation between human and AI assistant.
[|Human|] i am scheduled for shock wave treatment for kidney stones and blockage. I understand they have more than 1 type of lithrotipsy machines, the ones that use water and those that use padded cushions. Which ones are recommended  and why? Do they both use x-rays to guide them? I know some use ultrasound. Thank you
[|AI|]  Endoscopic lithography refers to the visualization of a calculus in the urinary tract and the simultaneous application of energy to fragment the stone or stones into either extractable or passable pieces. Many calculi in the upper urinary tract are treated with extracorporeal shockwave lithography (ESL). However, for stones that are poor candidates for this modality, endoscopic therapy is indicated. Ureteroscopy is the most common means of visualizing an upper urinary tract calculus. In addition, percutaneous techniques (e.g., percutaneous entomology) can also be used. Depending on stone size and location and associated ureteral obstruction, various treatments can be used