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01.1.2.1 Causative/Inchoative Alternation
abate accelerate acetify acidify administer advance age
agglomerate air alkalify allocate allot alter ameliorate
americanize annihilate appear arise assassinate assign
atrophy attenuate awake awaken award balance bang bash batter
beat belt bend bequeath birch bite blacken blast blitz
bludgeon blunt blur bonk bore bounce brain break brighten
broaden brown bruise bump burn burst butcher butt calcify
cane capsize caramelize carbonify carbonize caress carve cede
change char cheapen cheer chill chip chop claw clean clear
clip clobber clog close club coagulate coarsen coil collapse
collect come compress concede condense conk contract
contribute cool corrode cosh crack crash crease crimson
crinkle crisp crop crucify crumble crumple crush crystallize
cube cudgel cuff cut dampen darken dash dawn de-escalate
decelerate decentralize decimate decompose decrease deepen
deflate defrost degenerate degrade dehumidify delight
demagnetize democratize demolish dent depressurize desiccate
destabilize destroy deteriorate detonate devastate dice die
dim diminish dirty disappear disburse disintegrate dispatch
dissipate dissolve distend distribute divide donate double
drain drift drill drop drum dry dull ease electrocute
eliminate emanate emerge empty emulsify energize enlarge
ensue enthuse equalize erupt evaporate even eventuate evolve
execute expand expire explode extend exterminate extirpate
fade fatten federate feed file fill fillet firm flatten float
flog flood flow fold forfeit fossilize fracture fray freeze
freshen frost fructify fuse garrotte gash gasify gelatinize
give gladden glide glutenize gouge grant granulate grate gray
graze green grieve grind grow guarantee gush hack halt hammer
hang happen harden harmonize hasten heal heat heighten hew
hit humidify hush hybridize ignite immolate improve increase
incubate inflate intensify iodize ionize issue kick kill
kindle kiss knife knock lapse lash lease leave lend lengthen
lessen level levitate lick light lighten lignify liquefy
liquidate loan loop loose loosen macerate madden magnetize
magnify mangle mash massacre materialize mature mellow melt
mince moisten move mow muddy multiply murder narrow neaten
neutralize nick nitrify notch nudge obliterate obsess occur
offer open operate ossify overturn owe oxidize paddle
paddywhack pale pass pat paw pay peck peddle perforate perish
petrify pinch plop poison polarize pop pound prod proffer
proliferate promise propagate prune pulverize pummel punch
purify purple putrefy puzzle quadruple quicken quiet quieten
rap ravage raze recur redden refer refund regularize
reimburse rekindle relinquish remit render rent reopen repay
reproduce restore result return revolve rip ripen rise roll
rotate roughen round ruin rumple rupture sacrifice sadden saw
scorch scrape scratch sear sell serve sharpen shatter shoot
short short-circuit shorten shred shrink shrivel shut sicken
silicify silver singe sink slack slacken slap slash slaughter
slay slice slide slim slit slow slug smack smarten smash
smooth smother snap snip soak sober sock soften solidify sour
spank spear spin splay splinter split sprout squash squish
stab stabilize steady steal steep steepen stem stiffen sting
straighten strangle strap stratify stream strengthen stretch
strike stroke submerge submit subside supervene surge
surrender swat sweeten swing swipe tame tamp tan tap taper
tauten tear tense thaw thicken thin thrash thrill thump
thwack tickle tighten tilt tire topple touch toughen trade
transfer transpire triple truncheon turn twirl twist ulcerate
unfold unionize vanish vaporize vary vibrate vitrify
volatilize vote waken wallop warm warp waste wax weaken weary
westernize whack whip whirl whisk whiten widen will wind
worry worsen wreck wrinkle yellow yield
01.1.2.2 Induced Action Alternation
canter drive fly gallop jump leap march race run swim trot
walk
01.1.2.3 Other Instances of Causative Alternation
asphyxiate bang beam beep bivouac blare bleed blink board
burp buzz choke clack clang clash clatter click dangle drown
flash fly hang hoot jangle jingle lean lodge perch rest ring
rustle settle shelter shine sit squeak squeal squirt stand
stifle suffocate swing tinkle twang
01.1.3 Substance/Source Alternation
belch bleed bubble dribble drip drool emanate exude gush leak
ooze pour puff radiate seep shed spew spout sprout spurt
squirt steam stream sweat
01.2.1 Unspecified Object Alternation
bake carve chop clean cook crochet draw drink dust eat
embroider fish hum hunt iron knead knit mend milk mow nurse
pack paint play plow polish read recite sculpt sew sing
sketch sow study sweep teach type vacuum wash weave whittle
write
01.2.2 Understood Body-Part Object Alternation
arch bare bark bat beat bite blink blow bob braid break
bruise brush bump burn chip clap clench click clip close cock
coldcream comb condition crane crimp crook crop cross curl
cut drum dye file flap flash flex flick floss flutter fold
fracture gnash grind hang henna hunch hurt injure kick knit
lather manicure nick nod open part perm plait pluck point
powder prick pucker pull purse raise rinse roll rouge rub
rupture scald scratch set shake shampoo shave show shrug
shuffle skin smack snap soap split sprain squint stamp strain
stretch stub talc tease toss towel trim turn twiddle twist

Levin's Verb Classes

Levin's Verb Classes from English Verb Classes And Alternations: A Preliminary Investigation, by Beth Levin, published by The University of Chicago Press, © 1993 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.

The contents of this repository where generated from the reverse indexes 1 and 2, generated by John M. Lawler from the original index. They are provided to ease the access to Levin's Verb Classes.

License

The context of this repository may be used and shared in accordance with the fair-use provisions of US copyright law, and it may be archived and redistributed in electronic form, provided that this entire notice is carried and provided that the University of Chicago Press is notified and no fee is charged for access. Archiving, redistribution, or republication of this text on other terms, in any medium, requires both the consent of the author and the University of Chicago Press.

Any work, published or unpublished, based in whole or in part on the use of this index should acknowledge English Verb Classes And Alternations: A Preliminary Investigation. Beth Levin would appreciate being informed of such work or other significant uses of the index.

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