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england.c-3.48880ee1-60e8-49b4-b8e3-f7e01dcc57fc | 1relation
| 48880ee1-60e8-49b4-b8e3-f7e01dcc57fc | england.c-3 | {
"id": "england.c-3",
"content": "England's terrain chiefly consists of low hills and plains, especially in the centre and south. Upland and mountainous terrain is mostly found in the north and west, including Dartmoor, the Lake District, the Pennines, and the Shropshire Hills. The country's capital is London, the metropolitan area of which has a population of 14.2 million as of 2021, representing the United Kingdom's largest metropolitan area. England's population of 56.3 million comprises 84% of the population of the United Kingdom,[14] largely concentrated around London, the South East, and conurbations in the Midlands, the North West, the North East, and Yorkshire, which each developed as major industrial regions during the 19th century.[15]",
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"text": "Yorkshire (a Location) geo:partOf England (a Country). Involves A Location called Yorkshire. Involves A Country called England. It has a geo:areaKM2 of 62. It has a geo:population of 56490048. It has a geo:OfficialLanguage@en of English."
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england.c-31.03ded64b-2d7b-45ce-ba76-2be338d35a1a | 1relation
| 03ded64b-2d7b-45ce-ba76-2be338d35a1a | england.c-31 | {
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"content": "Today England is governed directly by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, although other countries of the United Kingdom have devolved governments.[89] There has been debate about how to counterbalance this in England. Originally it was planned that various regions of England would be devolved, but following the proposal's rejection by the North East in a 2004 referendum, this has not been carried out.[86] In 2024, an England-only intergovernmental body, known as the Mayoral Council for England, was established to bring together ministers from the UK Government, the Mayor of London and the leaders of combined authorities.[90]\n\nIn the House of Commons which is the lower house of the British Parliament based at the Palace of Westminster, there are 543 members of parliament (MPs) for constituencies in England, out of the 650 total.[91] England is represented by 347 MPs from the Labour Party, 116 from the Conservative Party, 65 from the Liberal Democrats, five for Reform UK and four for the Green Party of England and Wales.\n\nLaw\nMain article: English law",
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england.c-28.79a76792-9793-4eae-8a54-f711544a78e2 | 1relation
| 79a76792-9793-4eae-8a54-f711544a78e2 | england.c-28 | {
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"content": "Power shifts in east-central Europe led to World War I; hundreds of thousands of English soldiers died fighting for the United Kingdom as part of the Allies.[e] Two decades later, in World War II, the United Kingdom was again one of the Allies. Developments in warfare technology saw many cities damaged by air-raids during the Blitz. Following the war, the British Empire experienced rapid decolonisation, and there was a speeding-up of technological innovations; automobiles became the primary means of transport and Frank Whittle's development of the jet engine led to wider air travel.[79] Residential patterns were altered in England by private motoring, and by the creation of the National Health Service in 1948, providing publicly funded health care to all permanent residents free at the point of need. Combined, these prompted the reform of local government in England in the mid-20th century.[80]",
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england.c-18.8275ced5-8e06-4f8f-8818-6af67ebf8a62 | 1relation
| 8275ced5-8e06-4f8f-8818-6af67ebf8a62 | england.c-18 | {
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"content": "Between 1453 and 1487, a civil war known as the War of the Roses waged between the two branches of the royal family, the Yorkists and Lancastrians.[50] Eventually it led to the Yorkists losing the throne entirely to a Welsh noble family the Tudors, a branch of the Lancastrians headed by Henry Tudor who invaded with Welsh and Breton mercenaries, gaining victory at the Battle of Bosworth Field where the Yorkist king Richard III was killed.[51]\n\nEarly modern period\n\nKing Henry VIII (1491–1547)",
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england.c-38.785b8559-fcd6-44a2-a6ec-a7889b433882 | 1relation
| 785b8559-fcd6-44a2-a6ec-a7889b433882 | england.c-38 | {
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"content": "The ports of London, Liverpool, and Newcastle lie on the tidal rivers Thames, Mersey and Tyne respectively. At 220 miles (350 km), the Severn is the longest river flowing through England.[110] It empties into the Bristol Channel and is notable for its Severn Bore (a tidal bore), which can reach 2 metres (6.6 ft) in height.[111] However, the longest river entirely in England is the Thames, which is 215 miles (346 km) in length.[112] There are many lakes in England; the largest is Windermere, within the aptly named Lake District.[113]",
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england.c-37.f1af8f80-e89e-4d57-8585-287fa3df557e | 1relation
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"content": "The Malvern Hills located in the English counties of Worcestershire and Herefordshire. The hills have been designated by the Countryside Agency as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.\nGeographically, England includes the central and southern two-thirds of the island of Great Britain, plus such offshore islands as the Isle of Wight and the Isles of Scilly. It is bordered by two other countries of the United Kingdom: to the north by Scotland and to the west by Wales.\n\nEngland is closer than any other part of mainland Britain to the European continent. It is separated from France (Hauts-de-France) by a 21-mile (34 km)[108] sea gap, though the two countries are connected by the Channel Tunnel near Folkestone.[109] England also has shores on the Irish Sea, North Sea and Atlantic Ocean.",
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} |
england.c-43.4c909083-0dd1-45c9-9996-9dfcdb8f1ae9 | 1relation
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"content": "The fauna of England is similar to that of other areas in the British Isles with a wide range of vertebrate and invertebrate life in a diverse range of habitats.[121] National nature reserves in England are designated by Natural England as key places for wildlife and natural features in England. They were established to protect the most significant areas of habitat and of geological formations. NNRs are managed on behalf of the nation, many by Natural England themselves, but also by non-governmental organisations, including the members of The Wildlife Trusts partnership, the National Trust, and the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds. There are 221 NNRs in England covering 110,000 hectares (1,100 square kilometres). Often they contain rare species or nationally important populations of plants and animals.[122] . The Environment Agency is a non-departmental public body, established in 1995 and sponsored by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs with responsibilities relating to the protection and enhancement of the environment in England.[123] The Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs is the minister responsible for environmental protection, agriculture, fisheries and rural communities in England.[124]",
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england.c-29.c2414ecc-4479-4529-affa-36b4dada5291 | 1relation
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"content": "The Victorian era is often cited as a Golden Age. Painting done by William Powell Frith to show cultural divisions.\nSince the 20th century, there has been significant population movement to England, mostly from other parts of the British Isles, but also from the Commonwealth, particularly the Indian subcontinent.[81] Since the 1970s there has been a large move away from manufacturing and an increasing emphasis on the service industry.[82] As part of the United Kingdom, the area joined a common market initiative called the European Economic Community which became the European Union.\n\nSince the late 20th century the administration of the United Kingdom has moved towards devolved governance in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.[83] England and Wales continues to exist as a jurisdiction within the United Kingdom.[84] Devolution has stimulated a greater emphasis on a more English-specific identity and patriotism.[85] There is no devolved English government, but an attempt to create a similar system on a sub-regional basis was rejected by referendum.[86]",
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"text": "A Country called Ireland."
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"text": "United Kingdom (a Country) geo:adjacentTo Ireland (a Country). Involves A Country called United Kingdom. Involves A Country called Ireland."
} |
england.c-15.ba960959-1012-411b-ab77-064d949398fe | 1relation
| ba960959-1012-411b-ab77-064d949398fe | england.c-15 | {
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"content": ". A fresh wave of Scandinavian attacks from the late 10th century ended with the conquest of this united kingdom by Sweyn Forkbeard in 1013 and again by his son Cnut in 1016, turning it into the centre of a short-lived North Sea Empire that also included Denmark and Norway. However, the native royal dynasty was restored with the accession of Edward the Confessor in 1042.",
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} |
england.c-35.4f2446b9-0aca-4ddd-bcd6-345520a32bf6 | 1relation
| 4f2446b9-0aca-4ddd-bcd6-345520a32bf6 | england.c-35 | {
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"content": "Outside the London region, England's highest tier is the 48 ceremonial counties.[102] These are used primarily as a geographical frame of reference. Of these, 38 developed gradually since the Middle Ages; these were reformed to 51 in 1974 and to their current number in 1996.[103] Each has a Lord Lieutenant and High Sheriff; these posts are used to represent the British monarch locally.[102] Some counties, such as Herefordshire, are only divided further into civil parishes. The royal county of Berkshire and the metropolitan counties have different types of status to other ceremonial counties.[104]\n\nThe second tier is made up of combined authorities and the 27 county-tier shire counties. In 1974, all ceremonial counties were two-tier; and with the metropolitan county tier phased out, the 1996 reform separated the ceremonial county and the administrative county tier.\n\nEngland is also divided into local government districts.[105] The district can align to a ceremonial county, or be a district tier within a shire county, be a royal or metropolitan borough, have borough or city status, or be a unitary authority.",
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} |
england.c-12.3c6910e4-6f7b-4a8f-969f-62c01c2b42d2 | 1relation
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"content": "Roman military withdrawals left Britain open to invasion by pagan, seafaring warriors from north-western continental Europe, chiefly the Saxons, Angles, Jutes and Frisians who had long raided the coasts of the Roman province. These groups then began to settle in increasing numbers over the course of the fifth and sixth centuries, initially in the eastern part of the country.[36] Their advance was contained for some decades after the Britons' victory at the Battle of Mount Badon, but subsequently resumed, overrunning the fertile lowlands of Britain and reducing the area under Brittonic control to a series of separate enclaves in the more rugged country to the west by the end of the 6th century. Contemporary texts describing this period are extremely scarce, giving rise to its description as a Dark Age",
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"text": "Frisians (a Country) geo:locatedIn Northwestern Continental Europe (a Location). Involves A Country called Frisians. Involves A Location called Northwestern Continental Europe."
} |
england.c-35.e628d51f-1e6a-437b-873e-ff9e9bad7bca | 1relation
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"content": "Outside the London region, England's highest tier is the 48 ceremonial counties.[102] These are used primarily as a geographical frame of reference. Of these, 38 developed gradually since the Middle Ages; these were reformed to 51 in 1974 and to their current number in 1996.[103] Each has a Lord Lieutenant and High Sheriff; these posts are used to represent the British monarch locally.[102] Some counties, such as Herefordshire, are only divided further into civil parishes. The royal county of Berkshire and the metropolitan counties have different types of status to other ceremonial counties.[104]\n\nThe second tier is made up of combined authorities and the 27 county-tier shire counties. In 1974, all ceremonial counties were two-tier; and with the metropolitan county tier phased out, the 1996 reform separated the ceremonial county and the administrative county tier.\n\nEngland is also divided into local government districts.[105] The district can align to a ceremonial county, or be a district tier within a shire county, be a royal or metropolitan borough, have borough or city status, or be a unitary authority.",
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},
"text": "London (a Location) geo:partOf England (a Country). Involves A Location called London. Involves A Country called England. It has a geo:areaKM2 of 62. It has a geo:population of 56490048. It has a geo:OfficialLanguage@en of English."
} |
england.c-38.cb31d1e5-768a-490b-a79b-b9fdd1375c8e | 1relation
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"id": "england.c-38",
"content": "The ports of London, Liverpool, and Newcastle lie on the tidal rivers Thames, Mersey and Tyne respectively. At 220 miles (350 km), the Severn is the longest river flowing through England.[110] It empties into the Bristol Channel and is notable for its Severn Bore (a tidal bore), which can reach 2 metres (6.6 ft) in height.[111] However, the longest river entirely in England is the Thames, which is 215 miles (346 km) in length.[112] There are many lakes in England; the largest is Windermere, within the aptly named Lake District.[113]",
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},
"text": "Tyne (a GeographicalFeature) geo:locatedIn England (a Country). Involves A GeographicalFeature called Tyne. Involves A Country called England. It has a geo:areaKM2 of 62. It has a geo:population of 56490048. It has a geo:OfficialLanguage@en of English."
} |
england.c-31.5f0e3986-34a5-40f6-971f-b7bd4982f458 | 1relation
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"content": "Today England is governed directly by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, although other countries of the United Kingdom have devolved governments.[89] There has been debate about how to counterbalance this in England. Originally it was planned that various regions of England would be devolved, but following the proposal's rejection by the North East in a 2004 referendum, this has not been carried out.[86] In 2024, an England-only intergovernmental body, known as the Mayoral Council for England, was established to bring together ministers from the UK Government, the Mayor of London and the leaders of combined authorities.[90]\n\nIn the House of Commons which is the lower house of the British Parliament based at the Palace of Westminster, there are 543 members of parliament (MPs) for constituencies in England, out of the 650 total.[91] England is represented by 347 MPs from the Labour Party, 116 from the Conservative Party, 65 from the Liberal Democrats, five for Reform UK and four for the Green Party of England and Wales.\n\nLaw\nMain article: English law",
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england.c-30.33356274-0ff7-49e2-b646-3bb9f7eb3f8f | 1relation
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england.c-40.4b77749c-2662-426e-9716-2980fa594576 | 1relation
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"content": "The village of Glenridding and Ullswater in Cumbria.\nThe Pennines, known as the \"backbone of England\", are the oldest range of mountains in the country, originating from the end of the Paleozoic Era around 300 million years ago.[115] Their geological composition includes, among others, sandstone and limestone, and also coal. There are karst landscapes in calcite areas such as parts of Yorkshire and Derbyshire. The Pennine landscape is high moorland in upland areas, indented by fertile valleys of the region's rivers. They contain two national parks, the Yorkshire Dales and the Peak District. In the West Country, Dartmoor and Exmoor of the Southwest Peninsula include upland moorland supported by granite.[116]\n\nThe English Lowlands are in the central and southern regions of the country, consisting of green rolling hills, including the Cotswold Hills, Chiltern Hills, North and South Downs; where they meet the sea they form white rock exposures such as the cliffs of Dover. This also includes relatively flat plains such as the Salisbury Plain, Somerset Levels, South Coast Plain and The Fens.",
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england.c-44.36bdbfc0-5d67-4692-bcfd-483c85d11bf6 | 1relation
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england.c-30.1521bac9-0c40-4073-9e0d-1f3fdd36fc90 | 1relation
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england.c-37.bf398ee1-b550-46ba-90de-c78299498ee5 | 1relation
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england.c-17.b26dfb2c-e13e-4990-bd34-7332bbe6ed11 | 1relation
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england.c-35.429df6c1-6a40-4bf9-8cb7-2dadd925b3e4 | 1relation
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england.c-38.c8e58b7c-4d24-4df3-a926-48b220981310 | 1relation
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"content": "The ports of London, Liverpool, and Newcastle lie on the tidal rivers Thames, Mersey and Tyne respectively. At 220 miles (350 km), the Severn is the longest river flowing through England.[110] It empties into the Bristol Channel and is notable for its Severn Bore (a tidal bore), which can reach 2 metres (6.6 ft) in height.[111] However, the longest river entirely in England is the Thames, which is 215 miles (346 km) in length.[112] There are many lakes in England; the largest is Windermere, within the aptly named Lake District.[113]",
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england.c-6.b5915f15-93cc-4de6-a7c0-36a34f85ecc2 | 1relation
| b5915f15-93cc-4de6-a7c0-36a34f85ecc2 | england.c-6 | {
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"content": "History\nMain article: History of England\nFor a chronological guide, see Timeline of English history.\nPrehistory\nMain article: Prehistoric Britain\nSun shining through row of upright standing stones with other stones horizontally on the top.\nStonehenge, a Neolithic monument\nThe earliest known evidence of human presence in the area now known as England was that of Homo antecessor, dating to about 780,000 years ago. The oldest proto-human bones discovered in England date from 500,000 years ago.[24] Modern humans are known to have inhabited the area during the Upper Paleolithic period, though permanent settlements were only established within the last 6,000 years.[25] After the last ice age only large mammals such as mammoths, bison and woolly rhinoceros remained. Roughly 11,000 years ago, when the ice sheets began to recede, humans repopulated the area; genetic research suggests they came from the northern part of the Iberian Peninsula.[26] The sea level was lower than the present day and Britain was connected by land bridge to Ireland and Eurasia.[27] As the seas rose, it was separated from Ireland 10,000 years ago and from Eurasia two millennia later.",
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england.c-19.4734426a-6346-4dd1-afaf-3c8d41836e08 | 1relation
| 4734426a-6346-4dd1-afaf-3c8d41836e08 | england.c-19 | {
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"content": "Queen Elizabeth I (1558–1603)\nDuring the Tudor period, England began to develop naval skills, and exploration intensified in the Age of Discovery.[52] Henry VIII broke from communion with the Catholic Church, over issues relating to his divorce, under the Acts of Supremacy in 1534 which proclaimed the monarch head of the Church of England. In contrast with much of European Protestantism, the roots of the split were more political than theological.[d] He also legally incorporated his ancestral land Wales into the Kingdom of England with the 1535–1542 acts. There were internal religious conflicts during the reigns of Henry's daughters, Mary I and Elizabeth I. The former took the country back to Catholicism while the latter broke from it again, forcefully asserting the supremacy of Anglicanism. The Elizabethan era is the epoch in the Tudor age of the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (\"the Virgin Queen\"). Historians often depict it as the golden age in English history that represented the apogee of the English Renaissance and saw the flowering of great art, drama, poetry, music and literature.[54] England during this period had a centralised, well-organised, and effective government.[55]",
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england.c-40.aa85fa9a-e444-44d4-8e30-75daa5acaced | 1relation
| aa85fa9a-e444-44d4-8e30-75daa5acaced | england.c-40 | {
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"content": "The village of Glenridding and Ullswater in Cumbria.\nThe Pennines, known as the \"backbone of England\", are the oldest range of mountains in the country, originating from the end of the Paleozoic Era around 300 million years ago.[115] Their geological composition includes, among others, sandstone and limestone, and also coal. There are karst landscapes in calcite areas such as parts of Yorkshire and Derbyshire. The Pennine landscape is high moorland in upland areas, indented by fertile valleys of the region's rivers. They contain two national parks, the Yorkshire Dales and the Peak District. In the West Country, Dartmoor and Exmoor of the Southwest Peninsula include upland moorland supported by granite.[116]\n\nThe English Lowlands are in the central and southern regions of the country, consisting of green rolling hills, including the Cotswold Hills, Chiltern Hills, North and South Downs; where they meet the sea they form white rock exposures such as the cliffs of Dover. This also includes relatively flat plains such as the Salisbury Plain, Somerset Levels, South Coast Plain and The Fens.",
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} |
england.c-41.eb401c15-1210-4ffe-86bc-fa11cba7eebc | 1relation
| eb401c15-1210-4ffe-86bc-fa11cba7eebc | england.c-41 | {
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"content": "Climate\nMain article: Climate of England\nEngland has a temperate maritime climate: it is mild with temperatures not much lower than 0 °C (32 °F) in winter and not much higher than 32 °C (90 °F) in summer.[117] The weather is damp relatively frequently and is changeable. The coldest months are January and February, the latter particularly on the English coast, while July is normally the warmest month. Months with mild to warm weather are May, June, September and October.[117] Rainfall is spread fairly evenly throughout the year.\n\nImportant influences on the climate of England are its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean, its northern latitude and the warming of the sea by the Gulf Stream.[117] Rainfall is higher in the west, and parts of the Lake District receive more rain than anywhere else in the country.[117] Since weather records began, the highest temperature recorded was 40.3 °C (104.5 °F) on 19 July 2022 at Coningsby, Lincolnshire,[118] while the lowest was −26.1 °C (−15.0 °F) on 10 January 1982 in Edgmond, Shropshire.[119]\n\nNature and wildlife\nMain article: Fauna of England",
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},
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} |
england.c-15.e1ab4d6e-cf38-4306-922e-6585a2c30d40 | 1relation
| e1ab4d6e-cf38-4306-922e-6585a2c30d40 | england.c-15 | {
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"content": ". A fresh wave of Scandinavian attacks from the late 10th century ended with the conquest of this united kingdom by Sweyn Forkbeard in 1013 and again by his son Cnut in 1016, turning it into the centre of a short-lived North Sea Empire that also included Denmark and Norway. However, the native royal dynasty was restored with the accession of Edward the Confessor in 1042.",
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} |
england.c-25.8ae7c460-eb39-4352-bf9b-e2514fd192df | 1relation
| 8ae7c460-eb39-4352-bf9b-e2514fd192df | england.c-25 | {
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"content": "The River Thames during the Georgian period from the Terrace of Somerset House looking towards St. Paul's, c. 1750\nUnder the newly formed Kingdom of Great Britain, output from the Royal Society and other English initiatives combined with the Scottish Enlightenment to create innovations in science and engineering, while the enormous growth in British overseas trade protected by the Royal Navy paved the way for the establishment of the British Empire. Domestically it drove the Industrial Revolution, a period of profound change in the socioeconomic and cultural conditions of England, resulting in industrialised agriculture, manufacture, engineering and mining, as well as new and pioneering road, rail and water networks to facilitate their expansion and development.[67] The opening of Northwest England's Bridgewater Canal in 1761 ushered in the canal age in Britain.[68] In 1825 the world's first permanent steam locomotive-hauled passenger railway – the Stockton and Darlington Railway – opened to the public.[68]",
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england.c-29.863798a1-f398-47c7-bbac-ff50727d4cbe | 1relation
| 863798a1-f398-47c7-bbac-ff50727d4cbe | england.c-29 | {
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"content": "The Victorian era is often cited as a Golden Age. Painting done by William Powell Frith to show cultural divisions.\nSince the 20th century, there has been significant population movement to England, mostly from other parts of the British Isles, but also from the Commonwealth, particularly the Indian subcontinent.[81] Since the 1970s there has been a large move away from manufacturing and an increasing emphasis on the service industry.[82] As part of the United Kingdom, the area joined a common market initiative called the European Economic Community which became the European Union.\n\nSince the late 20th century the administration of the United Kingdom has moved towards devolved governance in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.[83] England and Wales continues to exist as a jurisdiction within the United Kingdom.[84] Devolution has stimulated a greater emphasis on a more English-specific identity and patriotism.[85] There is no devolved English government, but an attempt to create a similar system on a sub-regional basis was rejected by referendum.[86]",
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england.c-35.75d87f9f-79c2-43b9-b25e-eaa2bd1c81a3 | 1relation
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"content": "Outside the London region, England's highest tier is the 48 ceremonial counties.[102] These are used primarily as a geographical frame of reference. Of these, 38 developed gradually since the Middle Ages; these were reformed to 51 in 1974 and to their current number in 1996.[103] Each has a Lord Lieutenant and High Sheriff; these posts are used to represent the British monarch locally.[102] Some counties, such as Herefordshire, are only divided further into civil parishes. The royal county of Berkshire and the metropolitan counties have different types of status to other ceremonial counties.[104]\n\nThe second tier is made up of combined authorities and the 27 county-tier shire counties. In 1974, all ceremonial counties were two-tier; and with the metropolitan county tier phased out, the 1996 reform separated the ceremonial county and the administrative county tier.\n\nEngland is also divided into local government districts.[105] The district can align to a ceremonial county, or be a district tier within a shire county, be a royal or metropolitan borough, have borough or city status, or be a unitary authority.",
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} |
england.c-8.fa83b68e-ba53-44b3-9ecd-86c1ab430c72 | 1relation
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"content": "The Battersea Shield is one of the most significant pieces of ancient Celtic art found in Britain.\nDuring the Iron Age, Celtic culture, deriving from the Hallstatt and La Tène cultures, arrived from Central Europe. Brythonic was the spoken language during this time. Society was tribal; according to Ptolemy's Geographical there were around 20 tribes in the area. Like other regions on the edge of the Empire, Britain had long enjoyed trading links with the Romans. Julius Caesar of the Roman Republic attempted to invade twice in 55 BC; although largely unsuccessful, he managed to set up a client king from the Trinovantes.",
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} |
england.c-37.0a92873b-6ad3-4564-8e04-fbb38ac7e036 | 1relation
| 0a92873b-6ad3-4564-8e04-fbb38ac7e036 | england.c-37 | {
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"content": "The Malvern Hills located in the English counties of Worcestershire and Herefordshire. The hills have been designated by the Countryside Agency as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.\nGeographically, England includes the central and southern two-thirds of the island of Great Britain, plus such offshore islands as the Isle of Wight and the Isles of Scilly. It is bordered by two other countries of the United Kingdom: to the north by Scotland and to the west by Wales.\n\nEngland is closer than any other part of mainland Britain to the European continent. It is separated from France (Hauts-de-France) by a 21-mile (34 km)[108] sea gap, though the two countries are connected by the Channel Tunnel near Folkestone.[109] England also has shores on the Irish Sea, North Sea and Atlantic Ocean.",
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},
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} |
england.c-40.9443a88c-8b2c-4318-b0c9-20a41e140462 | 1relation
| 9443a88c-8b2c-4318-b0c9-20a41e140462 | england.c-40 | {
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"content": "The village of Glenridding and Ullswater in Cumbria.\nThe Pennines, known as the \"backbone of England\", are the oldest range of mountains in the country, originating from the end of the Paleozoic Era around 300 million years ago.[115] Their geological composition includes, among others, sandstone and limestone, and also coal. There are karst landscapes in calcite areas such as parts of Yorkshire and Derbyshire. The Pennine landscape is high moorland in upland areas, indented by fertile valleys of the region's rivers. They contain two national parks, the Yorkshire Dales and the Peak District. In the West Country, Dartmoor and Exmoor of the Southwest Peninsula include upland moorland supported by granite.[116]\n\nThe English Lowlands are in the central and southern regions of the country, consisting of green rolling hills, including the Cotswold Hills, Chiltern Hills, North and South Downs; where they meet the sea they form white rock exposures such as the cliffs of Dover. This also includes relatively flat plains such as the Salisbury Plain, Somerset Levels, South Coast Plain and The Fens.",
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},
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} |
england.c-0.31d0867e-07f9-4417-9d31-8987570cb8e5 | 1relation
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"id": "england.c-0",
"content": "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.[7] It is located on the island of Great Britain, of which it covers about 62%, and more than 100 smaller adjacent islands. It has land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west, and is otherwise surrounded by the North Sea to the east, the English Channel to the south, the Celtic Sea to the south-west, and the Irish Sea to the west. Continental Europe lies to the south-east, and Ireland to the west. At the 2021 census, the population was 56,490,048.[1] London is both the largest city and the capital.",
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},
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]
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"text": "A Country called Wales."
},
"text": "England (a Country) geo:adjacentTo Wales (a Country). Involves A Country called England. It has a geo:areaKM2 of 62. It has a geo:population of 56490048. It has a geo:OfficialLanguage@en of English. Involves A Country called Wales."
} |
england.c-38.a20fce4b-a27e-49d8-b3f3-b743f0b30b98 | 1relation
| a20fce4b-a27e-49d8-b3f3-b743f0b30b98 | england.c-38 | {
"id": "england.c-38",
"content": "The ports of London, Liverpool, and Newcastle lie on the tidal rivers Thames, Mersey and Tyne respectively. At 220 miles (350 km), the Severn is the longest river flowing through England.[110] It empties into the Bristol Channel and is notable for its Severn Bore (a tidal bore), which can reach 2 metres (6.6 ft) in height.[111] However, the longest river entirely in England is the Thames, which is 215 miles (346 km) in length.[112] There are many lakes in England; the largest is Windermere, within the aptly named Lake District.[113]",
"order_int": 38,
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"text": "A GeographicalFeature called Lake District."
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"uri": "http://example.org/resource/England",
"type": "http://example.org/geography#Country",
"label": "England",
"properties": {
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]
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},
"text": "A Country called England. It has a geo:areaKM2 of 62. It has a geo:population of 56490048. It has a geo:OfficialLanguage@en of English."
},
"text": "Lake District (a GeographicalFeature) geo:partOf England (a Country). Involves A GeographicalFeature called Lake District. Involves A Country called England. It has a geo:areaKM2 of 62. It has a geo:population of 56490048. It has a geo:OfficialLanguage@en of English."
} |
england.c-3.23778a11-6411-44e1-bd39-4812ee5d9e0f | 1relation
| 23778a11-6411-44e1-bd39-4812ee5d9e0f | england.c-3 | {
"id": "england.c-3",
"content": "England's terrain chiefly consists of low hills and plains, especially in the centre and south. Upland and mountainous terrain is mostly found in the north and west, including Dartmoor, the Lake District, the Pennines, and the Shropshire Hills. The country's capital is London, the metropolitan area of which has a population of 14.2 million as of 2021, representing the United Kingdom's largest metropolitan area. England's population of 56.3 million comprises 84% of the population of the United Kingdom,[14] largely concentrated around London, the South East, and conurbations in the Midlands, the North West, the North East, and Yorkshire, which each developed as major industrial regions during the 19th century.[15]",
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} | 1pos
| {
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"metadata": {
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"text": "A Location called South East."
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"uri": "http://example.org/resource/England",
"type": "http://example.org/geography#Country",
"label": "England",
"properties": {
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]
},
"extras": {
"key": [],
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},
"text": "A Country called England. It has a geo:areaKM2 of 62. It has a geo:population of 56490048. It has a geo:OfficialLanguage@en of English."
},
"text": "South East (a Location) geo:partOf England (a Country). Involves A Location called South East. Involves A Country called England. It has a geo:areaKM2 of 62. It has a geo:population of 56490048. It has a geo:OfficialLanguage@en of English."
} |
england.c-3.014abdb1-c006-46b0-a834-963c3ce93a24 | 1relation
| 014abdb1-c006-46b0-a834-963c3ce93a24 | england.c-3 | {
"id": "england.c-3",
"content": "England's terrain chiefly consists of low hills and plains, especially in the centre and south. Upland and mountainous terrain is mostly found in the north and west, including Dartmoor, the Lake District, the Pennines, and the Shropshire Hills. The country's capital is London, the metropolitan area of which has a population of 14.2 million as of 2021, representing the United Kingdom's largest metropolitan area. England's population of 56.3 million comprises 84% of the population of the United Kingdom,[14] largely concentrated around London, the South East, and conurbations in the Midlands, the North West, the North East, and Yorkshire, which each developed as major industrial regions during the 19th century.[15]",
"order_int": 3,
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"value": [
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}
} | 1pos
| {
"uid": "014abdb1-c006-46b0-a834-963c3ce93a24",
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},
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},
"start_node": {
"uri": "http://example.org/resource/UplandTerrain",
"type": "http://example.org/geography#GeographicalFeature",
"label": "Upland Terrain",
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"key": [
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],
"value": [
"Upland Terrain"
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},
"metadata": {
"key": [
"origin_ids"
],
"value": [
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},
"extras": {
"key": [],
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},
"text": "A GeographicalFeature called Upland Terrain."
},
"end_node": {
"uri": "http://example.org/resource/England",
"type": "http://example.org/geography#Country",
"label": "England",
"properties": {
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]
},
"extras": {
"key": [],
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},
"text": "A Country called England. It has a geo:areaKM2 of 62. It has a geo:population of 56490048. It has a geo:OfficialLanguage@en of English."
},
"text": "Upland Terrain (a GeographicalFeature) geo:locatedIn England (a Country). Involves A GeographicalFeature called Upland Terrain. Involves A Country called England. It has a geo:areaKM2 of 62. It has a geo:population of 56490048. It has a geo:OfficialLanguage@en of English."
} |
england.c-32.f0cb0892-fd20-48a1-b594-14a30d9fe549 | 1relation
| f0cb0892-fd20-48a1-b594-14a30d9fe549 | england.c-32 | {
"id": "england.c-32",
"content": "The Royal Courts of Justice\nThe English law legal system, developed over the centuries, is the basis of common law[92] legal systems used in most Commonwealth countries[93] and the United States (except Louisiana). Despite now being part of the United Kingdom, the legal system of the Courts of England and Wales continued, under the Treaty of Union, as a separate legal system from the one used in Scotland. The general essence of English law is that it is made by judges sitting in courts, applying their common sense and knowledge of legal precedent – stare decisis – to the facts before them.[94]\n\nThe court system is headed by the Senior Courts of England and Wales, consisting of the Court of Appeal, the High Court of Justice for civil cases, and the Crown Court for criminal cases.[95] The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom is the highest court for criminal and civil cases in England and Wales. It was created in 2009 after constitutional changes, taking over the judicial functions of the House of Lords.[96] A decision of the Supreme Court is binding on every other court in the hierarchy, which must follow its directions.[97]",
"order_int": 32,
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} | 1pos
| {
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"start_node": {
"uri": "http://example.org/resource/Senior_Courts_of_England_and_Wales",
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"label": "Senior Courts of England and Wales",
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"text": "A Location called Senior Courts of England and Wales."
},
"end_node": {
"uri": "http://example.org/resource/England_and_Wales",
"type": "http://example.org/geography#Country",
"label": "England and Wales",
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"extras": {
"key": [],
"value": []
},
"text": "A Country called England and Wales."
},
"text": "Senior Courts of England and Wales (a Location) geo:partOf England and Wales (a Country). Involves A Location called Senior Courts of England and Wales. Involves A Country called England and Wales."
} |
england.c-3.97da0716-695d-4d65-ae8a-b362df61fd12 | 1relation
| 97da0716-695d-4d65-ae8a-b362df61fd12 | england.c-3 | {
"id": "england.c-3",
"content": "England's terrain chiefly consists of low hills and plains, especially in the centre and south. Upland and mountainous terrain is mostly found in the north and west, including Dartmoor, the Lake District, the Pennines, and the Shropshire Hills. The country's capital is London, the metropolitan area of which has a population of 14.2 million as of 2021, representing the United Kingdom's largest metropolitan area. England's population of 56.3 million comprises 84% of the population of the United Kingdom,[14] largely concentrated around London, the South East, and conurbations in the Midlands, the North West, the North East, and Yorkshire, which each developed as major industrial regions during the 19th century.[15]",
"order_int": 3,
"metadata": {
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"value": [
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]
}
} | 1pos
| {
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},
"extras": {
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},
"start_node": {
"uri": "http://example.org/resource/Pennines",
"type": "http://example.org/geography#GeographicalFeature",
"label": "Pennines",
"properties": {
"key": [
"props.label@en"
],
"value": [
"Pennines"
]
},
"metadata": {
"key": [
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"value": [
"['england.c-40', 'england.c-3', 'england.c-39']"
]
},
"extras": {
"key": [],
"value": []
},
"text": "A GeographicalFeature called Pennines."
},
"end_node": {
"uri": "http://example.org/resource/England",
"type": "http://example.org/geography#Country",
"label": "England",
"properties": {
"key": [
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"value": [
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},
"metadata": {
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"value": [
"['england.c-4', 'england.c-25', 'england.c-43', 'england.c-29', 'england.c-11', 'england.c-16', 'england.c-42', 'england.c-19', 'england.c-2', 'england.c-5', 'england.c-21', 'england.c-30', 'england.c-20', 'england.c-34', 'england.c-35', 'england.c-24', 'england.c-6', 'england.c-41', 'england.c-36', 'england.c-1', 'england.c-28', 'england.c-39', 'england.c-40', 'england.c-26', 'england.c-14', 'england.c-37', 'england.c-0', 'england.c-22', 'england.c-33', 'england.c-44', 'england.c-38', 'england.c-18', 'england.c-3', 'england.c-31', 'england.c-17']"
]
},
"extras": {
"key": [],
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},
"text": "A Country called England. It has a geo:areaKM2 of 62. It has a geo:population of 56490048. It has a geo:OfficialLanguage@en of English."
},
"text": "Pennines (a GeographicalFeature) geo:locatedIn England (a Country). Involves A GeographicalFeature called Pennines. Involves A Country called England. It has a geo:areaKM2 of 62. It has a geo:population of 56490048. It has a geo:OfficialLanguage@en of English."
} |
england.c-4.72212534-4c70-4fdd-b126-5d2f037e2eed | 1relation
| 72212534-4c70-4fdd-b126-5d2f037e2eed | england.c-4 | {
"id": "england.c-4",
"content": "Toponymy\nSee also: Toponymy of England\nThe name \"England\" is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means \"land of the Angles\".[16] The Angles were one of the Germanic tribes that settled in Great Britain during the Early Middle Ages. They came from the Angeln region of what is now the German state of Schleswig-Holstein.[17] The earliest recorded use of the term, as \"Engla londe\", is in the late-ninth-century translation into Old English of Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People. The term was then used to mean \"the land inhabited by the English\", and it included English people in what is now south-east Scotland but was then part of the English kingdom of Northumbria. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle recorded that the Domesday Book of 1086 covered the whole of England, meaning the English kingdom, but a few years later the Chronicle stated that King Malcolm III went \"out of Scotlande into Lothian in Englaland\", thus using it in the more ancient sense.[18]",
"order_int": 4,
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} | 1pos
| {
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"start_node": {
"uri": "http://example.org/resource/Angeln",
"type": "http://example.org/geography#Location",
"label": "Angeln peninsula",
"properties": {
"key": [
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"value": [
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},
"metadata": {
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],
"value": [
"['england.c-4', 'england.c-5']"
]
},
"extras": {
"key": [],
"value": []
},
"text": "A Location called Angeln peninsula."
},
"end_node": {
"uri": "http://example.org/resource/SchleswigHolstein",
"type": "http://example.org/geography#Location",
"label": "Schleswig-Holstein",
"properties": {
"key": [
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],
"value": [
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},
"metadata": {
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},
"extras": {
"key": [],
"value": []
},
"text": "A Location called Schleswig-Holstein."
},
"text": "Angeln peninsula (a Location) geo:partOf Schleswig-Holstein (a Location). Involves A Location called Angeln peninsula. Involves A Location called Schleswig-Holstein."
} |
england.c-1.77da149c-41d0-48b8-835c-8232150b2cbb | 1relation
| 77da149c-41d0-48b8-835c-8232150b2cbb | england.c-1 | {
"id": "england.c-1",
"content": "The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Paleolithic. It takes its name from the Angles, a Germanic tribe who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in the 10th century and has had extensive cultural and legal impact on the wider world since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century.[8] The Kingdom of England, which included Wales after 1535, ceased to be a separate sovereign state on 1 May 1707, when the Acts of Union brought into effect a political union with the Kingdom of Scotland that created the Kingdom of Great Britain.[9]",
"order_int": 1,
"metadata": {
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"length",
"section_id",
"section"
],
"value": [
"RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter",
"126",
"england",
"{}"
]
}
} | 1pos
| {
"uid": "77da149c-41d0-48b8-835c-8232150b2cbb",
"type": "geo:adjacentTo",
"properties": {
"key": [],
"value": []
},
"metadata": {
"key": [
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],
"value": [
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},
"extras": {
"key": [],
"value": []
},
"start_node": {
"uri": "http://example.org/resource/KingdomOfEngland",
"type": "http://example.org/geography#Country",
"label": "Kingdom of England",
"properties": {
"key": [
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],
"value": [
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},
"metadata": {
"key": [
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],
"value": [
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]
},
"extras": {
"key": [],
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},
"text": "A Country called Kingdom of England."
},
"end_node": {
"uri": "http://example.org/resource/KingdomOfScotland",
"type": "http://example.org/geography#Country",
"label": "Kingdom of Scotland",
"properties": {
"key": [
"props.label@en"
],
"value": [
"Kingdom of Scotland"
]
},
"metadata": {
"key": [
"origin_ids"
],
"value": [
"['england.c-1']"
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},
"extras": {
"key": [],
"value": []
},
"text": "A Country called Kingdom of Scotland."
},
"text": "Kingdom of England (a Country) geo:adjacentTo Kingdom of Scotland (a Country). Involves A Country called Kingdom of England. Involves A Country called Kingdom of Scotland."
} |
england.c-9.314a31ee-8e62-42ee-809e-a8c773fe2895 | 1relation
| 314a31ee-8e62-42ee-809e-a8c773fe2895 | england.c-9 | {
"id": "england.c-9",
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england.c-32.3d664a1b-ac73-452c-9af3-857a61c93484 | 1relation
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england.c-37.854d3e17-e366-4071-b8ad-53323375217e | 1relation
| 854d3e17-e366-4071-b8ad-53323375217e | england.c-37 | {
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"content": "The Malvern Hills located in the English counties of Worcestershire and Herefordshire. The hills have been designated by the Countryside Agency as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.\nGeographically, England includes the central and southern two-thirds of the island of Great Britain, plus such offshore islands as the Isle of Wight and the Isles of Scilly. It is bordered by two other countries of the United Kingdom: to the north by Scotland and to the west by Wales.\n\nEngland is closer than any other part of mainland Britain to the European continent. It is separated from France (Hauts-de-France) by a 21-mile (34 km)[108] sea gap, though the two countries are connected by the Channel Tunnel near Folkestone.[109] England also has shores on the Irish Sea, North Sea and Atlantic Ocean.",
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england.c-44.00a5b316-97fd-488d-99b0-9df762de8c34 | 1relation
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"content": "Red deer in Richmond Park. The park was created by Charles I in the 17th century as a deer park.[125]\nEngland has a temperate oceanic climate in most areas, lacking extremes of cold or heat, but does have a few small areas of subarctic and warmer areas in the South West. Towards the North of England the climate becomes colder and most of England's mountains and high hills are located here and have a major impact on the climate and thus the local fauna of the areas. Deciduous woodlands are common across all of England and provide a great habitat for much of England's wildlife, but these give way in northern and upland areas of England to coniferous forests (mainly plantations) which also benefit certain forms of wildlife. Some species have adapted to the expanded urban environment, particularly the red fox, which is the most successful urban mammal after the brown rat, and other animals such as common wood pigeon, both of which thrive in urban and suburban areas.[126]",
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england.c-29.8103411c-ae4d-48ba-aa87-55c016b15f7e | 1relation
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"content": "The Victorian era is often cited as a Golden Age. Painting done by William Powell Frith to show cultural divisions.\nSince the 20th century, there has been significant population movement to England, mostly from other parts of the British Isles, but also from the Commonwealth, particularly the Indian subcontinent.[81] Since the 1970s there has been a large move away from manufacturing and an increasing emphasis on the service industry.[82] As part of the United Kingdom, the area joined a common market initiative called the European Economic Community which became the European Union.\n\nSince the late 20th century the administration of the United Kingdom has moved towards devolved governance in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.[83] England and Wales continues to exist as a jurisdiction within the United Kingdom.[84] Devolution has stimulated a greater emphasis on a more English-specific identity and patriotism.[85] There is no devolved English government, but an attempt to create a similar system on a sub-regional basis was rejected by referendum.[86]",
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england.c-5.cb4d981f-0412-416c-9345-22094d1c5e82 | 1relation
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england.c-36.3aef1447-9529-41d1-85d9-c5ff9b3407d0 | 1relation
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england.c-40.121b56d0-3e3f-4eb7-a037-1cc7ecfe52db | 1relation
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england.c-13.671565ad-2ca1-48e9-8ada-0f862461c85a | 1relation
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england.c-9.8f599240-1505-41d9-8770-590af29d603e | 1relation
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england.c-40.c4f56a74-7983-401b-844c-b4f48db8cc25 | 1relation
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england.c-2.a0933a2b-2f98-4229-b86b-702811bf8495 | 1relation
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england.c-33.db11686b-7a53-403f-93e6-aa701ff9c1e7 | 1relation
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england.c-13.8355f995-7753-4c26-87bc-313ce7f6e060 | 1relation
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england.c-3.e0b5d029-3b22-43ad-b17d-6c89bd8a2d4e | 1relation
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england.c-44.44c77d26-a0b6-4e24-9efb-f4052f980e21 | 1relation
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england.c-40.eb5dcd2b-c2eb-456f-9eb8-37aa77a45d23 | 1relation
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england.c-2.fecbe768-e247-456f-9ab1-e840c37222eb | 1relation
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england.c-31.67819380-82dc-4392-a106-e8df1a15791b | 1relation
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"content": "Today England is governed directly by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, although other countries of the United Kingdom have devolved governments.[89] There has been debate about how to counterbalance this in England. Originally it was planned that various regions of England would be devolved, but following the proposal's rejection by the North East in a 2004 referendum, this has not been carried out.[86] In 2024, an England-only intergovernmental body, known as the Mayoral Council for England, was established to bring together ministers from the UK Government, the Mayor of London and the leaders of combined authorities.[90]\n\nIn the House of Commons which is the lower house of the British Parliament based at the Palace of Westminster, there are 543 members of parliament (MPs) for constituencies in England, out of the 650 total.[91] England is represented by 347 MPs from the Labour Party, 116 from the Conservative Party, 65 from the Liberal Democrats, five for Reform UK and four for the Green Party of England and Wales.\n\nLaw\nMain article: English law",
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england.c-9.5af997b1-a942-4cd0-8101-d3aa4f82229b | 1relation
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"text": "York (a Location) owl:sameAs Eboracum (a Location). Involves A Location called York. Involves A Location called Eboracum."
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england.c-40.7982f9d6-03db-4950-a8c0-e64e6c6db725 | 1relation
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"uri": "http://example.org/resource/Cumbria",
"type": "http://example.org/geography#Location",
"label": "Cumbria",
"properties": {
"key": [
"props.label@en"
],
"value": [
"Cumbria"
]
},
"metadata": {
"key": [
"origin_ids"
],
"value": [
"['england.c-34', 'england.c-39', 'england.c-40']"
]
},
"extras": {
"key": [],
"value": []
},
"text": "A Location called Cumbria."
},
"end_node": {
"uri": "http://example.org/resource/England",
"type": "http://example.org/geography#Country",
"label": "England",
"properties": {
"key": [
"props.label@en",
"props.geo:areaKM2",
"props.geo:population",
"props.geo:OfficialLanguage@en"
],
"value": [
"England",
"62",
"56490048",
"English"
]
},
"metadata": {
"key": [
"origin_ids"
],
"value": [
"['england.c-4', 'england.c-25', 'england.c-43', 'england.c-29', 'england.c-11', 'england.c-16', 'england.c-42', 'england.c-19', 'england.c-2', 'england.c-5', 'england.c-21', 'england.c-30', 'england.c-20', 'england.c-34', 'england.c-35', 'england.c-24', 'england.c-6', 'england.c-41', 'england.c-36', 'england.c-1', 'england.c-28', 'england.c-39', 'england.c-40', 'england.c-26', 'england.c-14', 'england.c-37', 'england.c-0', 'england.c-22', 'england.c-33', 'england.c-44', 'england.c-38', 'england.c-18', 'england.c-3', 'england.c-31', 'england.c-17']"
]
},
"extras": {
"key": [],
"value": []
},
"text": "A Country called England. It has a geo:areaKM2 of 62. It has a geo:population of 56490048. It has a geo:OfficialLanguage@en of English."
},
"text": "Cumbria (a Location) geo:partOf England (a Country). Involves A Location called Cumbria. Involves A Country called England. It has a geo:areaKM2 of 62. It has a geo:population of 56490048. It has a geo:OfficialLanguage@en of English."
} |
england.c-3.eb5b1b9e-a77a-4f4b-b955-f7059f9a224f | 1relation
| eb5b1b9e-a77a-4f4b-b955-f7059f9a224f | england.c-3 | {
"id": "england.c-3",
"content": "England's terrain chiefly consists of low hills and plains, especially in the centre and south. Upland and mountainous terrain is mostly found in the north and west, including Dartmoor, the Lake District, the Pennines, and the Shropshire Hills. The country's capital is London, the metropolitan area of which has a population of 14.2 million as of 2021, representing the United Kingdom's largest metropolitan area. England's population of 56.3 million comprises 84% of the population of the United Kingdom,[14] largely concentrated around London, the South East, and conurbations in the Midlands, the North West, the North East, and Yorkshire, which each developed as major industrial regions during the 19th century.[15]",
"order_int": 3,
"metadata": {
"key": [
"splitter_name",
"length",
"section_id",
"section"
],
"value": [
"RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter",
"151",
"england",
"{}"
]
}
} | 1pos
| {
"uid": "eb5b1b9e-a77a-4f4b-b955-f7059f9a224f",
"type": "geo:locatedIn",
"properties": {
"key": [],
"value": []
},
"metadata": {
"key": [
"origin_id"
],
"value": [
"england.c-3"
]
},
"extras": {
"key": [],
"value": []
},
"start_node": {
"uri": "http://example.org/resource/LakeDistrict",
"type": "http://example.org/geography#GeographicalFeature",
"label": "Lake District",
"properties": {
"key": [
"props.label@en"
],
"value": [
"Lake District"
]
},
"metadata": {
"key": [
"origin_ids"
],
"value": [
"['england.c-39', 'england.c-38', 'england.c-3', 'england.c-41']"
]
},
"extras": {
"key": [],
"value": []
},
"text": "A GeographicalFeature called Lake District."
},
"end_node": {
"uri": "http://example.org/resource/England",
"type": "http://example.org/geography#Country",
"label": "England",
"properties": {
"key": [
"props.label@en",
"props.geo:areaKM2",
"props.geo:population",
"props.geo:OfficialLanguage@en"
],
"value": [
"England",
"62",
"56490048",
"English"
]
},
"metadata": {
"key": [
"origin_ids"
],
"value": [
"['england.c-4', 'england.c-25', 'england.c-43', 'england.c-29', 'england.c-11', 'england.c-16', 'england.c-42', 'england.c-19', 'england.c-2', 'england.c-5', 'england.c-21', 'england.c-30', 'england.c-20', 'england.c-34', 'england.c-35', 'england.c-24', 'england.c-6', 'england.c-41', 'england.c-36', 'england.c-1', 'england.c-28', 'england.c-39', 'england.c-40', 'england.c-26', 'england.c-14', 'england.c-37', 'england.c-0', 'england.c-22', 'england.c-33', 'england.c-44', 'england.c-38', 'england.c-18', 'england.c-3', 'england.c-31', 'england.c-17']"
]
},
"extras": {
"key": [],
"value": []
},
"text": "A Country called England. It has a geo:areaKM2 of 62. It has a geo:population of 56490048. It has a geo:OfficialLanguage@en of English."
},
"text": "Lake District (a GeographicalFeature) geo:locatedIn England (a Country). Involves A GeographicalFeature called Lake District. Involves A Country called England. It has a geo:areaKM2 of 62. It has a geo:population of 56490048. It has a geo:OfficialLanguage@en of English."
} |
england.c-25.2d3b993d-54ac-4ae3-bdeb-c0db6a331d0f | 1relation
| 2d3b993d-54ac-4ae3-bdeb-c0db6a331d0f | england.c-25 | {
"id": "england.c-25",
"content": "The River Thames during the Georgian period from the Terrace of Somerset House looking towards St. Paul's, c. 1750\nUnder the newly formed Kingdom of Great Britain, output from the Royal Society and other English initiatives combined with the Scottish Enlightenment to create innovations in science and engineering, while the enormous growth in British overseas trade protected by the Royal Navy paved the way for the establishment of the British Empire. Domestically it drove the Industrial Revolution, a period of profound change in the socioeconomic and cultural conditions of England, resulting in industrialised agriculture, manufacture, engineering and mining, as well as new and pioneering road, rail and water networks to facilitate their expansion and development.[67] The opening of Northwest England's Bridgewater Canal in 1761 ushered in the canal age in Britain.[68] In 1825 the world's first permanent steam locomotive-hauled passenger railway – the Stockton and Darlington Railway – opened to the public.[68]",
"order_int": 25,
"metadata": {
"key": [
"splitter_name",
"length",
"section_id",
"section"
],
"value": [
"RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter",
"187",
"england",
"{}"
]
}
} | 1pos
| {
"uid": "2d3b993d-54ac-4ae3-bdeb-c0db6a331d0f",
"type": "geo:partOf",
"properties": {
"key": [],
"value": []
},
"metadata": {
"key": [
"origin_id"
],
"value": [
"england.c-25"
]
},
"extras": {
"key": [],
"value": []
},
"start_node": {
"uri": "http://example.org/resource/RoyalNavy",
"type": "http://example.org/geography#Location",
"label": "Royal Navy Development",
"properties": {
"key": [
"props.label@en",
"props.geo:historicalSignificance@en"
],
"value": [
"Royal Navy Development",
"Development of Europe's largest merchant fleet"
]
},
"metadata": {
"key": [
"origin_ids"
],
"value": [
"['england.c-24', 'england.c-25']"
]
},
"extras": {
"key": [],
"value": []
},
"text": "A Location called Royal Navy Development. It has a geo:historicalSignificance@en of Development of Europe's largest merchant fleet."
},
"end_node": {
"uri": "http://example.org/resource/GreatBritain",
"type": "http://example.org/geography#GeographicalFeature",
"label": "Great Britain",
"properties": {
"key": [
"props.label@en"
],
"value": [
"Great Britain"
]
},
"metadata": {
"key": [
"origin_ids"
],
"value": [
"['england.c-37', 'england.c-21', 'england.c-4', 'england.c-25', 'england.c-0']"
]
},
"extras": {
"key": [],
"value": []
},
"text": "A GeographicalFeature called Great Britain."
},
"text": "Royal Navy Development (a Location) geo:partOf Great Britain (a GeographicalFeature). Involves A Location called Royal Navy Development. It has a geo:historicalSignificance@en of Development of Europe's largest merchant fleet. Involves A GeographicalFeature called Great Britain."
} |
england.c-43.d5d40c89-aa2b-4b41-9a94-f821032cee82 | 1relation
| d5d40c89-aa2b-4b41-9a94-f821032cee82 | england.c-43 | {
"id": "england.c-43",
"content": "The fauna of England is similar to that of other areas in the British Isles with a wide range of vertebrate and invertebrate life in a diverse range of habitats.[121] National nature reserves in England are designated by Natural England as key places for wildlife and natural features in England. They were established to protect the most significant areas of habitat and of geological formations. NNRs are managed on behalf of the nation, many by Natural England themselves, but also by non-governmental organisations, including the members of The Wildlife Trusts partnership, the National Trust, and the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds. There are 221 NNRs in England covering 110,000 hectares (1,100 square kilometres). Often they contain rare species or nationally important populations of plants and animals.[122] . The Environment Agency is a non-departmental public body, established in 1995 and sponsored by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs with responsibilities relating to the protection and enhancement of the environment in England.[123] The Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs is the minister responsible for environmental protection, agriculture, fisheries and rural communities in England.[124]",
"order_int": 43,
"metadata": {
"key": [
"splitter_name",
"length",
"section_id",
"section"
],
"value": [
"RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter",
"237",
"england",
"{}"
]
}
} | 1pos
| {
"uid": "d5d40c89-aa2b-4b41-9a94-f821032cee82",
"type": "geo:partOf",
"properties": {
"key": [],
"value": []
},
"metadata": {
"key": [
"origin_id"
],
"value": [
"england.c-43"
]
},
"extras": {
"key": [],
"value": []
},
"start_node": {
"uri": "http://example.org/resource/TheWildlifeTrusts",
"type": "http://example.org/geography#Location",
"label": "The Wildlife Trusts",
"properties": {
"key": [
"props.label@en"
],
"value": [
"The Wildlife Trusts"
]
},
"metadata": {
"key": [
"origin_ids"
],
"value": [
"['england.c-43']"
]
},
"extras": {
"key": [],
"value": []
},
"text": "A Location called The Wildlife Trusts."
},
"end_node": {
"uri": "http://example.org/resource/England",
"type": "http://example.org/geography#Country",
"label": "England",
"properties": {
"key": [
"props.label@en",
"props.geo:areaKM2",
"props.geo:population",
"props.geo:OfficialLanguage@en"
],
"value": [
"England",
"62",
"56490048",
"English"
]
},
"metadata": {
"key": [
"origin_ids"
],
"value": [
"['england.c-4', 'england.c-25', 'england.c-43', 'england.c-29', 'england.c-11', 'england.c-16', 'england.c-42', 'england.c-19', 'england.c-2', 'england.c-5', 'england.c-21', 'england.c-30', 'england.c-20', 'england.c-34', 'england.c-35', 'england.c-24', 'england.c-6', 'england.c-41', 'england.c-36', 'england.c-1', 'england.c-28', 'england.c-39', 'england.c-40', 'england.c-26', 'england.c-14', 'england.c-37', 'england.c-0', 'england.c-22', 'england.c-33', 'england.c-44', 'england.c-38', 'england.c-18', 'england.c-3', 'england.c-31', 'england.c-17']"
]
},
"extras": {
"key": [],
"value": []
},
"text": "A Country called England. It has a geo:areaKM2 of 62. It has a geo:population of 56490048. It has a geo:OfficialLanguage@en of English."
},
"text": "The Wildlife Trusts (a Location) geo:partOf England (a Country). Involves A Location called The Wildlife Trusts. Involves A Country called England. It has a geo:areaKM2 of 62. It has a geo:population of 56490048. It has a geo:OfficialLanguage@en of English."
} |
england.c-33.8630879e-0329-41d2-92eb-f702858353d1 | 1relation
| 8630879e-0329-41d2-92eb-f702858353d1 | england.c-33 | {
"id": "england.c-33",
"content": "The Secretary of State for Justice is the minister responsible to Parliament for the judiciary, the court system and prisons and probation in England.[98] Crime increased between 1981 and 1995 but fell by 42% in the period 1995–2006.[99] The prison population doubled over the same period, giving it one of the highest incarceration rates in Western Europe at 147 per 100,000.[100] His Majesty's Prison Service, reporting to the Ministry of Justice, manages most prisons, housing 81,309 prisoners in England and Wales as of September 2022.[101]",
"order_int": 33,
"metadata": {
"key": [
"splitter_name",
"length",
"section_id",
"section"
],
"value": [
"RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter",
"118",
"england",
"{}"
]
}
} | 1pos
| {
"uid": "8630879e-0329-41d2-92eb-f702858353d1",
"type": "geo:locatedIn",
"properties": {
"key": [],
"value": []
},
"metadata": {
"key": [
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],
"value": [
"england.c-33"
]
},
"extras": {
"key": [],
"value": []
},
"start_node": {
"uri": "http://example.org/resource/EnglishJudiciary",
"type": "http://example.org/geography#GeographicalFeature",
"label": "English Judiciary",
"properties": {
"key": [
"props.label@en"
],
"value": [
"English Judiciary"
]
},
"metadata": {
"key": [
"origin_ids"
],
"value": [
"['england.c-33']"
]
},
"extras": {
"key": [],
"value": []
},
"text": "A GeographicalFeature called English Judiciary."
},
"end_node": {
"uri": "http://example.org/resource/England",
"type": "http://example.org/geography#Country",
"label": "England",
"properties": {
"key": [
"props.label@en",
"props.geo:areaKM2",
"props.geo:population",
"props.geo:OfficialLanguage@en"
],
"value": [
"England",
"62",
"56490048",
"English"
]
},
"metadata": {
"key": [
"origin_ids"
],
"value": [
"['england.c-4', 'england.c-25', 'england.c-43', 'england.c-29', 'england.c-11', 'england.c-16', 'england.c-42', 'england.c-19', 'england.c-2', 'england.c-5', 'england.c-21', 'england.c-30', 'england.c-20', 'england.c-34', 'england.c-35', 'england.c-24', 'england.c-6', 'england.c-41', 'england.c-36', 'england.c-1', 'england.c-28', 'england.c-39', 'england.c-40', 'england.c-26', 'england.c-14', 'england.c-37', 'england.c-0', 'england.c-22', 'england.c-33', 'england.c-44', 'england.c-38', 'england.c-18', 'england.c-3', 'england.c-31', 'england.c-17']"
]
},
"extras": {
"key": [],
"value": []
},
"text": "A Country called England. It has a geo:areaKM2 of 62. It has a geo:population of 56490048. It has a geo:OfficialLanguage@en of English."
},
"text": "English Judiciary (a GeographicalFeature) geo:locatedIn England (a Country). Involves A GeographicalFeature called English Judiciary. Involves A Country called England. It has a geo:areaKM2 of 62. It has a geo:population of 56490048. It has a geo:OfficialLanguage@en of English."
} |
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