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[ "\nThe presence of communication amid scientific minds was equally important to the success of the Manhattan Project as scientific intellect was. The only cloud hanging over the impressive achievement of the atomic researchers and engineers is what their success truly meant; hundreds of thousands of innocent lives obliterated." ]

[ "The Blast Wave. A fraction of a second after a nuclear explosion, the heat from the fireball causes a high-pressure wave to develop and move outward producing the blast effect.The front of the blast wave, i.e., the shock front, travels rapidly away from the fireball, a moving wall of highly compressed air.The effects of the blast wave on a typical wood framed house. The air immediately behind the shock front is accelerated to high velocities and creates a powerful wind. fraction of a second after a nuclear explosion, the heat from the fireball causes a high-pressure wave to develop and move outward producing the blast effect.", "The launch of Sputnik, the first artificial satellite, brought the dawn of the space age, and increased conflict between the United States and the U.S.S.R.The people of the United States had begun to feel as if they were unsurpassable in every aspect of life.putnik Plays a Significant Role in the Cold War. The Launch of Sputnik became a significant event in the Cold War, too. The U.S.S.R.'s ability to launch a heavy satellite led U.S. citizens to believe that the U.S.S.R. could launch inter-continental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) or intercontinental nuclear weapons.", "A. Plutonium. The world's first nuclear explosion was achieved with plutonium, a man-made element produced in nuclear reactors. Plutonium is created when an atom of uranium-238 absorbs a neutron and becomes plutonium-239.", "The Government funded Near Earth Object Information Centre, which issued the warning, said a collision could have the effect of 20 million Hiroshima atomic bombs. If it hit land 2003 QQ47 could devastate several countries and if it splashed into the sea it could trigger catastrophic tidal waves.", "With the proclamation of the Truman Doctrine of March 1947 and the launching of the Marshall Plan, the United States was clearly leading the western nations to resist Russian Communist expansionist activities in Europe. Cold War had begun.2) Immediate Causes Leading to the Cold War. Incipient conflict between the Soviet Union and the United States began at the peace-time conferences. Their conflict was intensified after President Truman declared the Truman Doctrine and launched the Marshall Plan in 1947.", "9. III: Tools for a Scientific Revolution The particle physics community is embarked on an ambitious experimental program that takes the next step toward a revolution in understanding the fundamental nature of matter and energy, space and time.", "“The Capstone Project, has provided me with the foundation for the implementation of cutting-edge concepts, which will lead to industry leading best practices within my organization. The capstone project alone will have a positive impact of over $1.5M.”.", "(1 point) U.S. foreign policy during the 1950s extreme, reckless charges a provable charge of communist activity the act of spying on behalf of the Soviet Union 22. How did the baby boom change the United States? (1 point) Children and family life became less important.", "they were still viewed as only for civilian destruction, a belief that was reinforced by the fact that fission weapons, with a thousand-fold release of energy compared with their conventional predecessors, were soon succeeded by thermonuclear ones capable of another thousand-fold-plus yield. Thermonuclear bombs were the ultimate in terror weapons.", "The hurried departure of the 72nd fighter wing made room for the 393rd Bombardment Squadron (B-29) to be moved to Wendover in September 1944. This move was made without explanation and on short notice, and the 393rd was to become the core of the project to deliver the atomic bomb.", ", master daydreamer. 1 First of all, to make sure you don't get a shock and your transition is smooth, I'll let you know that Hitler is dead, and that they lost the war. 2 That man went to the moon as a byproduct of the US-USSR polarization, which led to the cold war that lasted for a long time. This is so that you understand why US is the alpha country in the world today, and also the best scientific innovations and re...", "Hence, nuclear energy can help developing countries to keep up with a rapid rise in energy demand, whereas the likelihood of a nuclear disaster appears to be low. However, at least in one case the Fukushima disaster has led to a major decline in nuclear energy. 3. Germany has decided to abandon nuclear energy. Only days after the nuclear meltdown in Fukushima, it became clear that the most long-lasting policy repercussions may not emerge in Japan, but far away in Europe.", "Estimates of the people killed range between 45 and 70 million, with between 60% and 67% being civilian. It remains the most lethal six years in history. The atom bomb is developed, giving mankind the power to annihilate itself.", "(The Colorado, the only other battleship of the U.S.'s Pacific fleet, was not at Pearl Harbor that day.). Since the Japanese attack was a total surprise, many of the first torpedoes and bombs dropped on the unsuspecting ships hit their targets.", "Figure 2. Thomson's currant bun atomic model. Figure 3. Rutherford's atomic model (nucleus and electron orbits not to scale). In 1909, two researchers in Ernest Rutherford's laboratory at the University of Manchester, Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden, fired a beam of alpha particles at a thin metal foil. The results of their experiment revolutionized our understanding of the atom.", "The Truman Doctrine would change the foreign policy of the. United States and the world. This policy would first go in aid to. support the democratic regimes in Turkey and Greece.ruman Doctrine led to a major change in U.S. foreign policy from its. inception-aid to Turkey and Greece-to its indirect influence in. Korea and Vietnam. The aftermath of World War II inspired the U.S. to. issue a proclamation that would stem Communist influence throughout. the world.", "As an example, the HEMP generated by a nuclear explosion at an altitude of 500 kilometers would illuminate the whole continental United States. If high-yield weapons are used, the field strength will not vary much with HOB, so this large geographic area can be covered with little reduction in peak field strength.", "Three days later, a second B-29 dropped another A-bomb on Nagasaki, killing an estimated 40,000 people. One minute after. At 8.15am Japan time, US bomber Enola Gay released the nuclear bomb 'Little Boy' above central Hiroshima.", "Japan Avoided Being Invaded. If the United States did not drop the atomic bomb, Japan may have been turned into a colony of the United States. America had been preparing to invade Japan and take over when the atomic bomb became available.", "Comforting if true, not so much. The liberation of the energy in a hydrogen bomb, is truly is what powers the Sun, and can be considered a dark point in time when man is able to liberate the physically expressive energies of Lucifer at will.", "A new study indicates that Americans gained up to 15 IQ points after the addition of iodine to salt became mandatory. In an effort to prevent goiter related to iodine deficiency, authorities ruled that iodine be added to U.S. salt products in 1924. The iodine, in addition to eliminating goiter, appears to have had an unexpected result: smarter Americans.", "On October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union launched the earth’s first artificial satellite, Sputnik-1. The successful launch came as a shock to experts and citizens in the United States, who had hoped that the United States would accomplish this scientific advancement first.he fact that the Soviets were successful fed fears that the U.S. military had generally fallen behind in developing new technology. As a result, the launch of Sputnik served to intensify the arms race and raise Cold War tensions.", "Quick Answer. In 1896, French scientist Antoine Henri Becquerel discovered radioactivity which was an early contribution to atomic theory. He discovered this phenomenon while experimenting with uranium and a photographic plate. Continue Reading.", "In the years that followed, there were several occasions in which government officials used or considered atomic diplomacy. Atomic bombing of Nagasaki on August 9, 1945. During the Second World War, the United States, Britain, Germany and the U.S.S.R. were all engaged in scientific research to develop the atomic bomb.", "Ya so what if instead of dropping the atomic bomb on Hiroshima in 1945 America had decided to invade mainland Japan.In my opinion 2 things are for sure to have happened 1. America already had the upper hand and with both germany and italy defeated, i am sure the U.S. would have won by 1946, but it would have...ire bombing had killed 100,000 in Tokyo with no discernible political effect. Only the atomic bomb could jolt Japan's leadership to surrender. * With only two bombs ready (and a third on the way by late August 1945) it was too risky to waste one in a demonstration over an unpopulated area.", "By a short historical. review the last five decades we can see that project success is. specified by meeting the time, cost and quality criteria. In the 1960’s the measures of project success it was just on a. finishing and operational basis.", "vice president who became president when FDR died in April 1945; he was elected on his own in 1948. He ordered the use of atomic bombs on Japan to end World War II, set the course of postwar containment of communism in the Cold War, and created a Fair Deal program to carry on the New Deal's domestic agenda.", "Lamarr and Anthiel received a patent in 1941, but the enormous significance of their invention was not realized until decades later. It was first implemented on naval ships during the Cuban Missile Crisis and subsequently emerged in numerous military applications.", "The United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945, during the final stage of the Second World War.The two bombings, which killed at least 129,000 people, remain the only use of nuclear weapons for warfare in history.n August 15, six days after the bombing of Nagasaki and the Soviet Union 's declaration of war, Japan announced its surrender to the Allies. On September 2, it signed the instrument of surrender, effectively ending World War II.", "After the discovery of the neutron in 1932, models for a nucleus composed of protons and neutrons were quickly developed by Dmitri Ivanenko and Werner Heisenberg. Almost all of the mass of an atom is located in the nucleus, with a very small contribution from the electron cloud.", "Much of the destruction caused by a nuclear explosion is due to blast effects. Most buildings, except reinforced or blast-resistant structures, will suffer moderate damage when subjected to overpressures of only 35.5 kilopascals (kPa) (5.15 pounds-force per square inch or 0.35 atm).", "If the atomic bombs had not been dropped on Japan, it is likely that Japan would not have surrendered until almost every Japanese citizen who was fit to fight was dead.Thus, World War II would have lasted much longer with many more deaths.n 6 August 1945 a uranium bomb nicknamed “Little Boy” was dropped on the city of Hiroshima. The atomic bomb caused a four mile radius of complete destruction and about 71,000 Japanese people died. Also about 20,000 more people were injured and about 171,000 people were left homeless.", "Yes, Doolittle's bombing raid over Tokyo raised hopes for an American victory in the Pacific. The bombing raid occurred on April 18, 1942.he only thing that came out of Doolittle's raid on Japan was a sense by the United States that Japan could be attacked on its own soil. The raid did little to defeat or c … ripple the Japanese army, air force or navy. 1 person found this useful.", "containment; the Berlin/Germany situation, the Cuban missile crisis; the arms race; the collapse of the Soviet Union; the status of communism today. You must present these points in a clear manner and explain their success and/or failures in the years since 1945. Detail is essential.", "The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons was signed in July 1968. The U.S.S.R. invaded Czechoslovakia, France tested its first thermonuclear weapon, and Martin Luther King, Jr. . and Robert Kennedy were assassinated. Neil Armstong became the first person to walk on the moon in July 1969.oldsboro, North Carolina, U.S.A. - A B-52 crashed during an airborne alert mission and dropped two nuclear weapons near Goldsboro, North Carolina. A portion of one weapon containing uranium, could not be recovered despite excavation in the waterlogged farmland to a depth of 50 feet.", "The impact of the Interstate Highway System increased the ease of travel for Americans either for work or recreation. This accounted only for the Americans with access to a car. The ability to transport raw materials and manufactured goods between rural and suburb areas, caused a cut in costs and time for consumers and producers.", "Because the atomic bombs had been dropped and the Japanese feared that there would be more, the United States caused Japan to surrender much sooner than it would have if the United States invaded Japan instead. On 16 August 1945, the Japanese finally surrendered due to the fear of more atomic bombs.n 6 August 1945 a uranium bomb nicknamed “Little Boy” was dropped on the city of Hiroshima. The atomic bomb caused a four mile radius of complete destruction and about 71,000 Japanese people died. Also about 20,000 more people were injured and about 171,000 people were left homeless.", "It'll take A few hundred Watts to get a few Watts of hydrogen. Best Answer. They can explode human and everything that contains water in a molecular particles. Resonance of water and Tesla's invention are most powerful weapon today. Atom bomb is a toy now.", "The first Atomic Bomb (called little boy) dropped was on August 6, 1945 on the city of Hiroshima. The second atomic bomb (called fatman) dropped was on Nagasaki three days later. The United States dropped these bombs on Japan in order to end World War II.Then on August 14, 1945, the Japanese surrendered.he was ended only 1 day after the second bomb was dropped. The bombs caused Japan to surrender. Both a-bombs (atomic bombs) caused about 128,000 people to die and over 120, 000 people suffered from radiation sickness and cancer.", "A large part of the destruction caused by a nuclear explosion is due to blast effects. Objects within the path of the blast wave are subjected to severe, sharp increases in atmospheric pressure and to extraordinarily severe transient winds. large part of the destruction caused by a nuclear explosion is due to blast effects. Objects within the path of the blast wave are subjected to severe, sharp increases in atmospheric pressure and to extraordinarily severe transient winds.", "The Hydrogen Bomb. After the Soviet atomic bomb success, the idea of building a hydrogen bomb received new impetus in the United States. In this type of bomb, deuterium and tritium (hydrogen isotopes) are fused into helium, thereby releasing energy. There is no limit on the yield of this weapon.", "With enunciation of the Truman Doctrine and the launching of the Marshall Plan, (The United States declared to include West Germany in the Marshall Plan.) the Russians felt the U.S. was launching an anti-communist campaign against Soviet Russia.2) Immediate Causes Leading to the Cold War. Incipient conflict between the Soviet Union and the United States began at the peace-time conferences. Their conflict was intensified after President Truman declared the Truman Doctrine and launched the Marshall Plan in 1947.", "The Potsdam Conference is perhaps best known for President Truman’s July 24, 1945 conversation with Stalin, during which time the President informed the Soviet leader that the United States had successfully detonated the first atomic bomb on July 16, 1945.", "Atomic Bombings Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki. made at the Tehran and Yalta Conferences. On August 6, the Americans dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima. Late in the evening of August 8, in accordance with Yalta...Advantages And Disadvantages Of Science. surface as the atomic bombs caused destruction on ...sides, science has its own disadvantages too, especially, when ... .ade at the Tehran and Yalta Conferences. On August 6, the Americans dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima. Late in the evening of August 8, in accordance with Yalta...", "By Lydia Smith. The aftermath of the atom bomb dropped on Hiroshima, Japan, by the Americans at the end of World War II Getty. On 6 August 1945, an American B-29 bomber dropped the world's first deployed atomic bomb over the southern Japanese city of Hiroshima.The explosion immediately wiped out around 90% of the city and killed around 80,000 people.hree days later, a second B-29 dropped another A-bomb on Nagasaki, killing an estimated 40,000 people. One minute after. At 8.15am Japan time, US bomber Enola Gay released the nuclear bomb 'Little Boy' above central Hiroshima.", "Radiation is a carcinogen and causes numerous effects on living organisms and systems. The environmental impacts of nuclear power plant releases such as the Chernobyl disaster, the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster and the Three Mile Island accident, among others, persist indefinitely.", "In 1907, Rutherford, Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden carried out the Geiger-Marsden experiment, an attempt to examine the structure of the atom. The surprising results of this experiment demonstrated the existence of the atomic nucleus and became an integral part of the Rutherford model of the atom.he Rutherford model of the atom was simplified in a well known symbol showing electrons circling around the nucleus like planets orbiting the sun. This symbol became popular and has been used by various organizations around the world as a symbol for atoms and atomic energy in general.", "The atomic bomb that exploded 580 meters above Hiroshima was powered by the splitting of 855 grams of uranium. The energy released was equivalent to 15,000 tons of TNT. The splitting of uranium nuclei generated both initial radiation (gamma rays and neutrons) and residual radiation.", "the domino theory after the fall of dien bien phu in 1954 truman s successor president dwight d eisenhower gave a speech that would soon become famous and important as an outline of u s cold war policy", "The Soviet project to develop an atomic bomb (Russian: создание советской атомной бомбы) was a top secret research and development program begun during World War II, in the wake of the Soviet Union 's discovery of the American, British, and Canadian nuclear project.he Soviets accelerated the program after the American atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The Soviet atomic project was charged with gathering intelligence on the German nuclear energy project as well as the American nuclear efforts.", "He was also responsible for dropping the two atomic bombs on Japan in World War II.[iv]. Nikita Khrushchev was the leader of the U.S.S.R from 1953 to 1964 and could have potentially used information from the Rosenbergs to assist the U.S.S.R’s nuclear program.[v].he dropping of the atomic bomb in World War II and the start of the Cold War arms race influenced many aspects of life for the American people politically and socially.", "Goldwater-Nichols at 30: Defense Reform and Issues for Congress. Congressional Research Service 9. chain of command, as well as the advances in jointness that were made as a result of the. Goldwater-Nichols legislation, were viewed by many as instrumental to that success.36 Then-.", "On August 6, 1945 the United States of America, at war with the Empire of Japan, dropped the first atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima.Three days later a second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki.owering enemy morale by terror bombing proved far less effective than anticipated; in the end, the military occupation of Germany was required to end the war in Europe. Nor would continuation of conventional bombing have likely resulted in fewer casualties than Hiroshima and Nagasaki.", "Project success has attracted. the attention of many researchers over the past years. As defined from. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, success is “a level of social. status, achievement of an objective, the opposite of failure”. There. is no uniform measure to what constitutes project success or project. effectiveness.", "Original conversation. User: What did Doolittle's raid on Tokyo accomplish? 1.It wiped out key industrial factories and sites. 2.Nothing; it was a total and complete failure. 3.It provided a psychological boost for the U.S. 4.It destroyed Japan's political infrastructure.Weegy: 3.It provided a psychological boost for the U.S. Expert ...riginal conversation. User: What did Doolittle's raid on Tokyo accomplish? 1.It wiped out key industrial factories and sites. 2.Nothing; it was a total and complete failure. 3.It provided a psychological boost for the U.S. 4.It destroyed Japan's political infrastructure.Weegy: 3.It provided a psychological boost for the U.S. Expert ...", "It had a net power output of 23.5 MW-thermal, and its purposes were primarily to research various aspects of nuclear-reactor technology and to train personnel. The plant was the first to research the use of plutonium for peaceful purposes. It also worked on cooling methods, which were used during the nuclear disasters in Japan in 2011.", "This growth was fueled by breakthroughs in molecular biology and many engineering technologies, symbolized by the Human Genome Project, arguably the greatest biomedical engineering accomplishment ever, and realized with creation of the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering.", "Fermi knew that when an atom splits it releases other neutrons, and he was quick to realize that under the right conditions those neutrons could go on to split other atoms in a chain reaction. This would lead to one of two things: a steady generation of energy in the form of heat or a huge explosion.", "The amount of radioactive material being released from the damaged nuclear reactors in Japan, and the eventual impact it will have on human health, are still being determined.o increases in cancer rates were observed after the release of radioactive from a power plant on Three Mile Island, Pa., in 1979, Zablotska said. Radiation sickness. A person's risk of getting sick depends on how much radiation the body absorbs.", "In the process some of the mass of the hydrogen atoms is converted into energy in the form of light. The same process occurs in thermonuclear (fusion) bombs. In the Sun the process occurs in a controled manner. In a bomb it happens all at once in a big chain-reaction explosion.", "The Industrial Revolution of the 19th century made an overall positive impact on Western society. The introduction of factories and the assembly line, new inventions, the development of electricity, and the railroads all contributed to faster, more efficient production of goods and materials.", "MTVtrumps MIT”.1. 1. Technology has made the media the most important immediate influence on. opinions and understanding in the industrialized world and has significantly heightened. media impact in the developing countries as well. Media has a powerful capacity to.", "The Effects of Mass Production. Mass production made manufacturing safer, cost effective, and more efficient, dramatically effecting societies around the world. For workers, higher efficiency and productivity meant higher wages, less working hours, and a rise in overall quality of life.", "By Lydia Smith. The aftermath of the atom bomb dropped on Hiroshima, Japan, by the Americans at the end of World War II Getty. On 6 August 1945, an American B-29 bomber dropped the world's first deployed atomic bomb over the southern Japanese city of Hiroshima. The explosion immediately wiped out around 90% of the city and killed around 80,000 people.", "The. Truman Doctrine led to a major change in U.S. foreign policy from its. inception-aid to Turkey and Greece-to its indirect influence in. Korea and Vietnam. The aftermath of World War II inspired the U.S. to. issue a proclamation that would stem Communist influence throughout. the world.ruman Doctrine led to a major change in U.S. foreign policy from its. inception-aid to Turkey and Greece-to its indirect influence in. Korea and Vietnam. The aftermath of World War II inspired the U.S. to. issue a proclamation that would stem Communist influence throughout. the world.", "But now, the first effect that the new facts and ideas of the Revolution had was to cause many to question religion and faith instead of blindly following the church and the Bible. What it did was just mainly to cause people to change their view on God and Christianity more than causing them to abandon their views.hilosophy, It started a new way of thinking, thus shows both were impacted by the Scientific Revolution... The Impact Of Scientific Revolution On Physics As An Independent Field Of Study. scientific community following the sixteenth century.", "First developed by the United States in the early 1950s, the hydrogen or thermonuclear bomb is perhaps a thousand times more powerful than a uranium-or plutonium-based fission bomb, making it effectively the nuclear weapon's nuclear weapon.n a fusion reaction, two atoms of the lightest element, hydrogen, fuse to create one atom of helium, the next-lightest element — and release much more energy.", "In the first decade of the 20th century, Einstein produced the theory of the conversion of mass into energy, E=mC(2), which was confirmed by laboratory observations. A new theory of the atom was devised by the English physicist Rutherford in 1913.", "July 1945 president Truman declared that nuclear bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki was necessary for saving American lives in an conventionel invasion. But the Americans knew that Japan had talked about a peace agreement through their Moscow-ambassodor in June 1945.t the end of World War II, few questioned Truman's decision to drop the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Most Americans accepted the obvious reasoning: the atomic bomb … ings brought the war to a more timely end. They did not have a problem with over one hundred thousand of the enemy being killed.", "On October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union launched the earth's first artificial satellite, Sputnik I. The successful launch came as a shock to experts and citizens in the United States, who had hoped that the United States would accomplish this scientific advancement first.he Soviets responded with yet another launch, and the space race continued. The success of Sputnik had a major impact on the Cold War and the United States. Fear that they had fallen behind led U.S. policymakers to accelerate space and weapons programs.", "The United States had successfully tested the world’s first atomic weapon near Alamogordo, New Mexico, on July 16, 1945. Truman received the news while in Potsdam, Germany, conferring with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Soviet leader Joseph Stalin on post-World War II policy in Europe.", "One of the most important outcomes of the modern revolution includes: 1 A complex, globally connected human society .style0{stroke-miterlimit: 10;} Correct. 2 Less varied exchange networks .style0{stroke-miterlimit: 10;} Incorrect, Try again.3 Universal human rights .style0{stroke-miterlimit: 10;} Incorrect, Try again.fter the rise of agriculture, powerful civilizations such as the Persians, Romans, and Mongols exploited and developed long-distance trade routes to expand their regional influence.", "On August 9, a second atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, where 80,000 Japanese people perished. On August 14, 1945, the Japanese surrendered. Critics have charged that Truman's decision was a barbaric act that brought negative long-term consequences to the United States.he Soviet Union had entered the war against Japan, and the atomic bomb could be read as a strong message for the Soviets to tread lightly. In this respect, Hiroshima and Nagasaki may have been the first shots of the Cold War as well as the final shots of World War II.", "Nuclear explosion. A 23 kiloton tower shot called BADGER, fired on April 18, 1953 at the Nevada Test Site, as part of the Operation Upshot–Knothole nuclear test series. The Greenhouse George test early fireball. A nuclear explosion is an explosion that occurs as a result of the rapid release of energy from a high-speed nuclear reaction.", "The aim of the U.S. in dropping the atomic bomb was to save hundreds of lives of American soldiers. The U.S. was the very first country to develop an atomic bomb, their focus of using in it Hiroshima and Nagasaki was to show the world that they had it. This, inadvertently saved lives around the entire world.", "Then dozens of doves were released as a symbol of peace. The U.S. bomb, 'Little Boy,' the first nuclear weapon used in war, killed 140,000 people. A second bomb, 'Fat Man,' dropped over Nagasaki three days later, killed another 70,000, prompting Japan's surrender in the Second World War.", "The victory had a profound effect on the rest of the war. In a profound way, our lives will be better. The sequencing of the human genome, completed in 2003, stands above all other scientific advancements because it is both profound in character and unmatched in terms of potential practical application. It is a profound thought and, I believe, an irrefutable one.", "Effects of the War. 1 Major loss of life. 2 Major destruction in Europe and Japan. 3 Great Depression ended. 4 Women in the workforce. 5 Iron Curtain. 6 Nuclear Arms Race.", "The Hydrogen Bomb. After the Soviet atomic bomb success, the idea of building a hydrogen bomb received new impetus in the United States.In this type of bomb, deuterium and tritium (hydrogen isotopes) are fused into helium, thereby releasing energy. There is no limit on the yield of this weapon.he scientific community split over the issue of building a hydrogen bomb. Edward Teller, who had explored the idea of a 'super' during the Manhattan Project, supported its development.", "The Soviet Union also experienced a rapid increase in production in the immediate post-war era. Japan experienced rapid economic growth, becoming one of the most powerful economies in the world by the 1980s. China, following the conclusion of its civil war, was essentially bankrupt.", "Without air cover, however, the Japanese invasion force turned back, leaving the strategic victory to the Allies. The results had an important impact upon the Battle of Midway a month later, reducing Japanese forces available at that key battle. The Reader’s Companion to Military History. Edited by Robert Cowley and Geoffrey Parker.", "The Japanese were remarkably successful in the execution of their offensive plan and by early 1942 had reached their intended perimeter. But they miscalculated the effect of their surprise attack at Pearl Harbor which unified a divided people and aroused the United States to wage a total, not a limited, war.", "In June 1942, the United States Army Corps of Engineersbegan the Manhattan Project- The secret name for the 2 atomic bombs.", "versions of each volume as well as complementary websites. The first website–The Manhattan Project: An Interactive History–is available on the Office of History and Heritage Resources website, http://www.cfo. doe.gov/me70/history. The Office of History and Heritage Resources and the National Nuclear Security", "The Soviet launch of the first Sputnik satellite was one accomplishment in a string of technological successes. Few in the United States had anticipated it, and even those who did were not aware of just how impressive it would be.he fact that the Soviets were successful fed fears that the U.S. military had generally fallen behind in developing new technology. As a result, the launch of Sputnik served to intensify the arms race and raise Cold War tensions.", "The Soviets responded with yet another launch, and the space race continued. The success of Sputnik had a major impact on the Cold War and the United States. Fear that they had fallen behind led U.S. policymakers to accelerate space and weapons programs.he Soviets responded with yet another launch, and the space race continued. The success of Sputnik had a major impact on the Cold War and the United States. Fear that they had fallen behind led U.S. policymakers to accelerate space and weapons programs.", "The Manhattan Project. This once classified photograph features the first atomic bomb — a weapon that atomic scientists had nicknamed Gadget.. The nuclear age began on July 16, 1945, when it was detonated in the New Mexico desert.", "Trinity was the code name of the first detonation of a nuclear weapon, conducted by the United States Army on July 16, 1945, as part of the Manhattan Project.", "The International Project on the Health Effects of the Chernobyl Accident (IPEHCA) was created and received US $ 20 million, mainly from Japan, in hopes of discovering the main cause of health problems due to 131 I radiation.our hundred times more radioactive material was released from Chernobyl than by the atomic bombing of Hiroshima. The disaster released 1/100 to 1/1000 of the total amount of radioactivity released by nuclear weapons testing during the 1950s and 1960s.", "The Soviet launch of the first Sputnik satellite was one accomplishment in a string of technological successes. Few in the United States had anticipated it, and even those who did were not aware of just how impressive it would be.he Soviets responded with yet another launch, and the space race continued. The success of Sputnik had a major impact on the Cold War and the United States. Fear that they had fallen behind led U.S. policymakers to accelerate space and weapons programs.", "Next. Inspired by scientists who feared atomic bomb development by Germany, the United States began studying the atomic bomb when World War II began in 1939. In August 1942 the U.S. launched a development program called the Manhattan Project.", "During World War II, New Mexico was the site of the top-secret Manhattan Project, in which top U.S. scientists raced to create the first atomic bomb, which was tested at the Trinity Bomb site, near Alamagordo, on July 16, 1945.", "The Manhattan Project was the name for a project conducted during World War II, to develop the first atomic bomb. It refers specifically to the period of the project from 194 … 2-1946 under the control of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, under the administration of General Leslie R. Groves.", "The Doolittle raid's results. The raid on Tokyo was a great success. The material damage was small, but the effect on morale, both in the US and in Japan, was significant and important.light over the ocean was normal. Near Tokyo, flying at very low altitude, the Doolittle raid bombers met several formations of training aircraft, but no fighters, and no anti-aircraft fire. Their surprise was perfect. It was noon, and Doolittle climbed to 1200ft and dropped his first bomb over the center of Tokyo.", "Manhattan Project. The Manhattan Project was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons. It was led by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada. From 1942 to 1946, the project was under the direction of Major General Leslie Groves of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Nuclear physicist Robert Oppenheimer was the director of the Los Alamos Laboratory that designed the actual bombs. The Army component of the project was designated the", "Essay on The Manhattan Project - The Manhattan Project The Manhattan Project was to see if making an atomic bomb possible. The success of this project would forever change the world forever making it known that something this powerful can be manmade.", "The Manhattan Project and its atomic bomb helped bring an end to World War II. Its legacy of peaceful uses of atomic energy continues to have an impact on history and science." ]

[ "\nThe approach is based on a theory of justice that considers crime and wrongdoing to be an offense against an individual or community, rather than the State. Restorative justice that fosters dialogue between victim and offender has shown the highest rates of victim satisfaction and offender accountability." ]

[ "1 Anaphora- repetition “I would try to teach them – I would try to make them know – that those streets, those houses, those dangers, those agonies by which they are surrounded, are criminal. I would try to make each child know that these things are the result of a criminal conspiracy to destroy him.", "Back-up procedures in place for a faulty automatic sprinkler system. Harm: Minimal harm or potential for actual harm; Scope: Many; An approved back-up procedure for a faulty fire alarm system. Harm: Minimal harm or potential for actual harm; Scope: Many; Give each resident a notice of rights, rules, services and charges.", "1 This section covers concepts of making amends, forgiveness, and paying restitution and provides definitions of relevant Words To Know.", "HOPE of Ogle County. Our mission is to advocate on behalf of domestic violence victims and their children in a welcoming environment. Our caring professionals provide safety planning, support, shelter, and referrals while empowering survivors to build a safe and peaceful future.", "Government is the main provider of justice and fairness in American society. Many government policies and government institutions are explicitly designed to promote these important public values. The most obvious manifestation of this is the criminal and civil justice system. It is the primary way we as a society ensure that criminals are punished and that wrongs are righted. This kind of legal justice is not something that can be reliably provided by the private sector.", "HOPE of Ogle County. Opening doors to a safe and peaceful future. Our mission is to advocate on behalf of domestic violence victims and their children in a welcoming environment. Our caring professionals provide safety planning, support, shelter, and referrals while empowering survivors to build a safe and peaceful future.", "Clients will be asked to take certain actions before the diversion is finalized. These can include restitution for any damage caused or items stolen or the preparation of a letter of apology. It is also very common for clients to be asked to make a charitable donation and/or complete some community service hours.", "Criminal deterrence pertains to the omission or curtailment of crime out of fear of legal punishment, and the first theory can be traced to the utilitarian philosophers Cesare Beccaria (1738–94) and Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832) who believed that people are motivated fundamentally to obtain pleasure and avoid pain.", "Finally, proponents of the victimless crime criterion argue that even if this concept is not a definitive test of what should be criminal, it is still useful because it identifies a group of statutes most of which should be repealed because they produce more social harm than good (Schur and Bedau, p. 112).", "As you explore our web site, please contact us with suggestions concerning how we can better serve you. Your input is an important source of new ideas about how our court system can better serve all of its community. Thank you for your interest in the Eighteenth Judicial Circuit and its Website.", "1 PART I - CRIMES (§§ 1 to 2725) 2 PART II - CRIMINAL PROCEDURE (§§ 3001 to 3771) 3 PART III - PRISONS AND PRISONERS (§§ 4001 to 4353) 4 PART IV - CORRECTION OF YOUTHFUL OFFENDERS (§§ 5001 to 5042) PART V - IMMUNITY OF WITNESSES (§§ 6001 to 6005)", "Criminal justice system includes all activities and agencies, whether state or local, public or private, pertaining to the prevention, prosecution and defense of offenses, the disposition of offenders under the criminal law and the disposition or treatment of juveniles adjudicated to have … Read More.", "If the CVC program paid the victim’s medical. expenses or reimbursed the victim for the expenses, any restitution paid by the offender is sent to. the CVC program.", "2© OCR 2011 G151 Jun11 Answer four questions.Answer at least two from Section A and at least one from Section B.You are advised to spend 30 minutes on each question, 20 minutes on (a) and 10 minutes on (b) .SECTION A Answer at least two questions from this section.1 (a) Describe the system of appeals in civil cases. [18] (b)* Discuss the problems of using the court system to solve civil disputes. [12]Total marks [30]2 (a) Describe how it is decided in which court a criminal trial will be heard. OCR 2011 G151 Jun11 SECTION B Answer at least one question from this section. 6 (a) Describe both the aims of sentencing and the factors that are taken into account when sentencing an individual.", "the setting right of what is wrong: redress of abuses. 2. relief from wrong or injury. 3. compensation or satisfaction for a wrong or injury. verb (used with object)", "Enforcing the law includes not just the measures of arrest and warnings but also educating members of the public about their responsibilities. Supporting quality public service means being a full partner with other parts of the criminal justice system and assisting witnesses and crime victims throughout the process.", "15th Judicial Circuit District “A” Carroll and Stephenson Counties Probation Departments. MISSSION. The mission is to promote positive long term behavioral change utilizing proven methods to increase public safety. VISION. We strive to create a system of community corrections in which:", "This publication is intended to inform corrections and probation/parole pro­. fessionals about the availability and benefits of cognitive-behavioral treatment. (CBT) services geared toward the specific risks and needs of offender popu­. lations. The publication is also intended as a resource for mental health pro­.", "1. Purpose of this Act. The purpose of this Act¹ is to advance economic development, social justice, labour peace and the democratisation of the workplace by fulfilling the primary objects of this Act, which are-.(a) to give effect to and regulate the fundamental rights conferred by section 27 of the Constitution;².abour Relations Act (No. 66 of 1995). as amended by the. Amendment-Afrikaans Labour Relations Act 1998, Amendment-Labour Relations Act 1996, Amendment-Labour Relations Act 1998, Amendment-Labour Relations Act 2000, and Amendment-Labour Relations Act 2002.", "As a result, victims sometimes came to believe that they had fewer rights than the criminals who had injured them. In addition, some victims became so alienated from the criminal justice process that prosecutors had difficulty persuading them to testify at trial. This environment began to change in the 1970s with the establishment of victim compensation funds. Not until the 1980s, however, did a national movement for victims' rights spark wholesale changes in the criminal justice system.", "‘A little bit of empathy and understanding might go a long way in making their life easier.’ ‘She had no hidden agenda, no axe to grind, just great empathy and overwhelming sympathy.’ ‘The money will be used to fund an initiative designed to help offenders develop empathy with their victims.’", "That is, according to the Bible, what it means to “do justice.” Justice is Care for the Vulnerable. The Hebrew word for “justice,” mishpat, occurs in its various forms more than 200 times in the Hebrew Old Testament. Its most basic meaning is to treat people equitably. It means acquitting or punishing every person on the merits of the case, regardless of race or social status.", "The Moral Reconation Therapy program that Sentinel uses via cognitive-based therapy is one of the nation’s leading anti-recidivism mechanisms. MRT attempts to change how offenders make decisions and judgments by raising their moral reasoning abilities. In 1985, a formal MRT program was developed as one of the first comprehensive, systematic attempts to treat substance-abusing offenders from a purely cognitive behavioral perspective.", "In the matter of ‘Rights of Parties’ and, ‘Rights of Property’, this instrument obtains justice for the Natural Divine Being Manifest In Human Flesh, Moorish American National, Zilliah S. El, and intends to remedy these wrongs by addressing Personum Jurisdiction, which is jurisdiction over the person.", "In a brief statement on Wednesday, Dr. Nassar said he made the plea “to move the community forward and stop the hurting.” “I pray every day for forgiveness,” he said. Judge Rosemarie Aquilina responded: “You used your position of trust in the most vile way: to abuse children.", "The Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974 was brought in to support people who have been convicted of a criminal offence, and who have not offended again, in gaining employment.Under the Act convictions become ‘spent’ or ignored after a specified rehabilitation period.he Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974 was brought in to support people who have been convicted of a criminal offence, and who have not offended again, in gaining employment.", "The purpose of diversion is not to take away the discretion or power of the court but to use the power of the court to facilitate treatment. The AOD abuse treatment services to which the juvenile offender is diverted must be sensitive to the court's involvement in the treatment process.o be effective, a juvenile AOD abuse treatment diversion program must provide sufficient assurances to the court and to the community that the youth will participate seriously in treatment. Diversion refers to an alternative to the further penetration of an individual youth into the JJS.", "Mental health courts link offenders who would ordinarily be prison-bound to long-term community-based treatment. They rely on mental health assessments, individualized treatment plans, and ongoing judicial monitoring to address both the mental health needs of offenders and public safety concerns of communities.", "From: Legal Aid Agency. First published: Court of Appeal decision and guidance on funding. Exceptional case funding for refugee family reunion work remains available under section 10 of the Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012 (LASPO).xceptional case funding under section 10 of LASPO is the only option for family reunion work. It remains the case that legal advice required on existing matters or new applications under the above Immigration Rules (after 15 December 2014) are not in the scope of Part 1, Schedule 1, of the LASPO Act.", "98: Open Society Justice Initiative ment did not have the interest or resources to do the repairs. Paralegals then helped the villagers organize a day of voluntary road maintenance and community residents fixed the road themselves.", "The U.S. Constitution regulates the division of labor between judge and jury. The Sixth Amendment guarantees [i]n all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury. . . ..", "The defendant’s unique upbringing or family circumstances led to her criminal conduct. For example, a lawyer might try to persuade a sentencing judge that the client’s violent acts are attributable to abuse she suffered as a child. Addiction.", "All | Today | This Week | This Month. 1 THE THEORY OF ‘HURT’ AND ‘GRIEVOUS HURT’. 5/5 (9 votes) 2 MESNE PROFITS. 5/5 (8 votes) 3 REFORMATION WOULD REDUCE PRESSURE. 5/5 (5 votes) 4 THE LAW ON APPOINTMENT OF ADVOCATE–COMMISSIONER IN SUITS. 5/5 (5 votes) 5 APPRECIATION OF EVIDENCE IN CIVIL CASES. 5/5 (4 votes)", "To protect the citizens of the Commonwealth and to provide a safe, secure and humane environment for staff and offenders in carrying out the mandates of the legislative and judicial processes; and, to provide opportunities for offenders to acquire skills which facilitate non-criminal behavior. Kentucky Department of Corrections.", "Thus, in jurisdictions with due process, there must be an actus reus, or guilty act, accompanied by some level of mens rea to constitute the crime with which the defendant is charged (see the technical requirement of concurrence).", "Civil actions address private rights. An aggrieved person (plaintiff) may seek to recover monetary damages as compensation for injuries caused by another (defendant). A person injured as a result of underage drinking may attempt to hold a social host responsible for his injuries.", "Therefore, it is important to ascertain the perceptions of this ethnic group in order to. determine what is important to this growing demographic for the Court to provide better access. to justice and improve perceptions of fairness. Chief Justice Ruth McGregor of the Arizona Supreme Court has designated issues of.", "WHAT WE DO... With the mission To do Justice the Ingham County Circuit Court is a court of general jurisdiction, hearing civil cases and controversies seeking damages in excess of $25,000, all felony criminal matters, and all family matters. In addition to hearing felony criminal matters and civil matters.", "Also known as community-based corrections, the necessity for these alternatives and best practices comes at a time when our knowledge of those programs most effective at reducing recidivism while addressing the individual needs of the offender is at an all-time high. Unlike other correctional options, community", "The court may continue the case to enable a party to obtain counsel, to be represented by the county public defender or the joint county public defender, or to be appointed counsel upon request pursuant to Chapter 120. of the Revised Code.” Oklahoma* Okla. Stat. Ann. tit.", "In the legal system, a “cause of action” is a set of facts or legal theory that gives an individual or entity the right to seek a legal remedy against another. This applies to the filing of a civil lawsuit for such wrongs as property damages, personal injury, or monetary loss, as well as to criminal wrongs such as battery, theft, or kidnapping.", "Based on the premise that all people who assist in the commission of the crime should be held accountable, to some degree, for that offense. Whereas the law normally regards a person’s acts as the products of his or her own choice, accomplice liability is based on the doctrine of complicity.", "An Act amending Title 42 (Judiciary and Judicial Procedure) of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statute... An Act amending Titles 18 (Crimes and Offenses) and 42 (Judiciary and Judicial Procedure) of the Pen... An Act amending Title 18 (Crimes and Offenses) of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes, in arson, criminal mischief and other property destruction, further providing for the offense of institutional vandalism.", "B. Order Defendant to institute and carry out policies, practices, and programs which. provide equal employment opportunities for black individuals, and which eradicate the effects of. its past and present unlawful employment practices.", "The general term restitution describes the act of restoration. The term is used in different areas of the law but carries the same meaning throughout. The basic purpose of restitution is to achieve fairness and prevent the Unjust Enrichment of a party.", "However, a pro-arrest policy combined with mandatory prosecution policy and restorative justice programs will help bring abusers to justice while empowering victims to break the cycle of abuse. Conclusion The way in which governments and police view the crime of domestic violence has changed over history.", "97. Schedule 1 introduces a new sentence for adult offenders who have been convicted of an offence listed in new Schedule 18A to the Criminal Justice Act 2003 and have been given a sentence of imprisonment (but not a life sentence or an extended determinate sentence under section 226A).", "This is because the criminal charge already establishes the same probable cause to the family court judge that the woman is, in fact, a victim of domestic violence. And the criminal court protective order establishes the additional fact that a criminal judge finds that this victim needs protection.", "Hon. Carrie Garrow (Akwesasne Mohawk), Chief Judge, Saint Regis Mohawk Tribal Court Description: Healing to Wellness Courts are innovative, non-adversarial forums, intended to shift the focus from judicial punishment to judicial rehabilitation. But the root of the Wellness Court remains in its connection to the judiciary.", "As the local branch of the judicial system, municipal courts come into contact with more defendants than all other Texas courts combined. Therefore, it is our duty to provide fair and impartial justice by promoting the highest standards in customer service, upholding the integrity of the court, and building public trust and confidence. The information contained in this website is designed to provide information about criminal court proceedings.", "In addition, diversion still gives defendants the opportunity to compensate victims, by means of restitution orders and community service. How Diversion Works. Diversion is a program that has been created by the state legislature and signed into law. It identifies crimes and offender characteristics that will enable the defendant to enter the program. Under some diversion systems, defendants are “diverted” to counseling early in the proceedings. In some formats, the defendant doesn’t have to enter a guilty or no-contest plea in order to receive diversion.", "Its purpose is to better enable the public to obtain criminal history record checks. The repository was created and is maintained in accordance with Pennsylvania's Criminal History Information Act contained in Chapter 91 of Title 18, Crimes Code.", "Rehabilitation (penology) Rehabilitation is the re-integration into society of a convicted person and the main objective of modern penal policy, to counter habitual offending, also known as criminal recidivism. Alternatives to imprisonment also exist, such as community service, probation orders, and others entailing guidance and aftercare towards the defender.", "The Positive School and Criminal Justice Reform - Reformers, called Progressives, argued system should be arranged not to punish offenders but rather rehabilitate them - More indeterminate sentencing", "1 The more representative the working group is, the more likely it is for the root causes to be uncovered. 2 The working group should then examine a community problem, such as substance abuse or violence, by asking what caused it.", "Juvenile Sexual Offender Treatment. The primary goal of all sexual-offense-specific treatment should be to keep communities safe and to prevent further victimization of others. The rights and needs of victims and survivors of sexual trauma should precede any other goals in therapy.", "Generally, restitution laws provide for restitution to the direct victim(s) of a crime, including surviving family members of homicide victims. Many states also authorize an order of restitution to third parties, including insurers,20 victim compensation programs,21 government entities,22 and victim service agencies.", "The Criminal Division of the Department of Justice is responsible for the prosecution of criminal cases throughout the State from misdemeanors to murders. Its mission is to represent the State in criminal cases, and in so doing safeguard the human rights of victims and their families and the constitutional rights of defendants.", "Examination of the criminal justice system and process with an emphasis on problems and trends. This course provides an analytical overview of justice and its response to the needs of society. May be retaken for a maximum of six hours on different topics.", "California public safety leaders and victims of crime support Proposition 57—the Public Safety and Rehabilitation Act of 2016—because Prop. 57 focuses resources on keeping dangerous criminals behind bars, while rehabilitating juvenile and adult inmates and saving tens of millions of taxpayer dollars.", "Treatment With Corrective Thinking. The cornerstone of Sentinel’s Evidence-Based Programs is Moral Reconation Therapy (MRT), a systematic treatment strategy that seeks to decrease recidivism among juvenile and adult criminal offenders by increasing moral reasoning.", "Crime & Justice Institute (CJI) – Series of webinars to engage researchers and practitioners in building a community of practice around evidence-based practices to reduce recidivism from a variety of stakeholder perspectives. 1 Implementing Evidence-Based Practices in Community Corrections - View Link.", "Friends:On behalf of the Cook County Safety + Justice Challenge Steering Committee, I would like to invite you to attend a community conversation on criminal justice reform. As part of the Safety + Justice Challenge Network, sponsored by the...", "Erin Moran Cause (1) Crime Survivors, Inc. Crime Survivors’ vision is for victims of crime to recover from their experience mentally, physically, emotionally, and financially, by receiving the respect, support, and protection from law enforcement, the judicial system, and the community.", "And Article 10 of the American Convention on Human Rights refers to a right to be compensated in accordance with the law.[6] Such laws stress the importance of publicly recognizing the damages caused by injustice and of addressing the needs of victims. Compensation serves a variety of important functions.", "Our Mission. The United States Department of Justice Community Relations Service is the Department's Peacemaker for community conflicts and tensions arising from differences of race, color, national origin, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, religion, and disability.", "As the term “criminal justice system” implies, the enforcement of the criminal law is closely tied to broader issues of social justice. Students preparing for careers in criminal justice are therefore encouraged to take at least one course, beyond the required Jurisprudence course, involving social justice concerns.", "When someone has a run-in with the law, they are subject to the judiciary system and judged for their crimes in court. Thus, this branch is tasked with ensuring equal justice for everyone under US law. The judiciary branch also has the power to change the law through the process of judicial review.", "group discussions, community boards or panels with a third party, or victim and offender dialogues, and requires a skilled facilitator who also has sufficient understanding of sexual assault, domestic violence, and dating violence, as well as trauma and safety issues.", "To improve the quality of legal representation of poor people who face the loss of their liberty, and thereby to enhance the administration of justice. To safeguard the constitutional rights of indigent individuals, thereby protecting the rights of all members of the community.", "The circle includes a wide range of participants including not only the offender and the victim but also friends and families, community members, and justice system representatives. The primary distinction between conferencing and circles is that circles do not focus exclusively on the offense and do not limit their solutions to repairing the harm between the victim and the offender.", "The following cases are among the commonly cited examples: 1 If a judge can prevent riots that will cause many deaths only by convicting an innocent person of a crime and imposing a severe punishment on that person, act utilitarianism implies that the judge should convict and punish the innocent person.", "Act June 25, 1948, ch. 645, § 1, 62 Stat. 683, provided in part that: “Title 18 of the United States Code, entitled ‘Crimes and Criminal Procedure’, is hereby revised, codified and enacted into positive law, and may be cited as ‘Title 18, U.S.C., § —.’ ”.", "Benefits to Victims, Taxpayers, and Others. Victims who suffer personal property and monetary loss are compensated by the offender through restitution or community service, and both victims and the public have the benefit of the offender’s acknowledgment of guilt in a court of law.he Deferred Prosecution Unit (DPU), sometimes referred to as the First Offenders Program, is run by the Dane County District Attorney's Office, and differs in its operation from the way some prosecution agencies use deferred prosecution agreements.", "Criminal Code Act 1995 v 12.6 Intervening conduct or event.....31 Part 2.6—Proof of criminal responsibility 32 Division 13 32 13.1 Legal burden of proof—prosecution.....32", "However, many modern penal codes have created levels of mens rea called modes of culpability, which depend on the surrounding elements of the crime: the conduct, the circumstances, and the result, or what the Model Penal Code calls CAR (conduct, attendant circumstances, result).", "Each of these types of communities—the geographic community of the victim, offender, or crime; the community of care; and civil society—may be injured by crime in different ways and degrees, but all will be affected in common ways as well: The sense of safety and confidence of their members is threatened, order within the community is threatened, and (depending on the kind of crime) common values of the community are challenged and perhaps eroded.", "The goal of the project is to help jurisdictions increase their understanding of procedural justice. and its supporting research, develop concrete strategies that can enhance court users’ perceptions. of fairness, and improve their ability to measure procedural justice. This toolkit is designed to.", "About us. We work to protect the public and reduce reoffending, and to provide a more effective, transparent and responsive criminal justice system for victims and the public. Responsibilities. We are responsible for these parts of the justice system: courts. prisons. probation services. attendance centres.", "Retributive justice is a legal principal that dictates that punishment for a crime is acceptable as long as it is a proportionate response to the crime committed. In this type of justice system, a crime is typically seen as being done against the state or government, rather than against an individual or community.he retributive justice system is something that we have employed in the US in our history and like the article said, many state courts do still employ different versions. Rehabilitation is also something that we have put into effect. But the justice system that we are mainly using now is restorative justice.", "will serve the community and enhance public trust and confidence in the administration of justice through: 1 The impartial and timely resolution of disputes, 2 Ensuring compliance with the law and court orders, and. 3 Fostering a vital court-community relationship that promotes equal access to the courts.", "Restorative Justice. Crime is an act against the state, a violation of a law, an abstract idea. Crime is an act against another person and the community. The criminal justice system controls crime.estorative Justice. Crime is an act against the state, a violation of a law, an abstract idea. Crime is an act against another person and the community. The criminal justice system controls crime.", "The needs of the proposed target population should be examined against the overall goals of the teen court program (e.g., accountability, competency development, and enhanced public safety). If compatible, additional goals and objectives can be defined more specifically to reflect the needs of the target population. For example, if a program decides that part of its purpose should be to provide the community with an early intervention and prevention program for underage drinking and related offenses, then its target population should include first-time youthful offenders charged with misdemeanor alcohol and drug offenses.", "Indeed, compensation programs are a crucial part of restorative justice and serve as focal points in the healing process. They can help victims move beyond the desire for revenge and make it possible to repair relationships that have been damaged by acts of injustice.", "In criminal law, the principle of proportional justice is used to describe the idea that the punishment of a certain crime should be in proportion to the severity of the crime itself. In practice, systems of law differ greatly on the application of this principle.", "Restitution is a powerful mechanism of the criminal justice system. coverage. In a criminal case, a sentencing judge must consider restitution in “. defendant.11 Restitution is intended to pay a victim for pecuniary loss suffered by a victim.", "In contrast to ‘retributive justice’, which focuses on punishing the offender via a two-way relationship (offender and state), ‘restorative justice’ addresses harm, needs, accountability and obligations via a three-way relationship (offender, victim/survivor and society).", "Inherent in many people’s understanding of the notion of ADR is the existence of a dispute between identifiable parties. Criminal justice, however, is not usually conceptualised as a dispute between victim and offender, but is instead seen as a matter concerning the relationship between the offender and the state. This raises a complex question as to whether a criminal offence can properly be described as a ‘dispute’.", "Section I History and Development of Community-Based Corrections 9. not only the desire to punish the offender but also serve as a reflection of the true causes of criminal. behavior (Woodahl & Garland, 2009).", "The Military Justice Improvement Act. The carefully crafted Military Justice Improvement Act is designed to reverse the systemic fear that survivors of military sexual assault describe in deciding whether to report the crimes committed against them.", "Criminal justice, however, is not usually conceptualised as a dispute between victim and offender, but is instead seen as a matter concerning the relationship between the offender and the state. 3 This raises a complex question as to whether a criminal offence can properly be described as a ‘dispute’.", "The purpose of this paper is to point out a number of unresolved issues in the criminal justice system, present the underlying principles of restorative justice, and then to review the growing amount of empirical data on victim-offender mediation.", "Restorative justice is an approach in which the victim/survivor and offender, and in some cases other persons affected by a crime, “participate actively together in the resolution of matters arising from the crime, generally with the help of a facilitator.”[1].", "• Ground rules / legal safeguards. Definition: Restorative justice is an approach in which the victim/survivor and offender, and in some cases other persons affected by a crime, “participate actively together in the resolution of matters arising from the crime, generally with the help of a facilitator.”[1].", "Organize volunteer community panels, boards, or committees that meet with the offender to discuss the incident and offender obligation to repair the harm to victims and community members. Facilitate the process of apologies to victims and communities. Invite local victim advocates to provide ongoing victim-awareness training for probation staff.", "Tutorial: Introduction to Restorative Justice. Restorative justice is a theory of justice that emphasizes repairing the harm caused by criminal behaviour. It is best accomplished through cooperative processes that include all stakeholders. This can lead to transformation of people, relationships and communities. Practices and programs reflecting restorative purposes will respond to crime by: 1 identifying and taking steps to repair harm, 2 involving all stakeholders, and. 3 transforming the traditional relationship between communities and their governments in responding to crime.", "punishment designed to repair the damage done to the victim and community by an offender's criminal act. Ex: community service, Big Brother program indeterminate sentence" ]

[ "\nColor—urine can be a variety of colors, most often shades of yellow, from very pale or colorless to very dark or amber. Unusual or abnormal urine colors can be the result of a disease process, several medications (e.g., multivitamins can turn urine bright yellow), or the result of eating certain foods." ]

[ "But even simple urine color can tell people when to seek medical attention. Urine color may change due to something as innocuous as medications or foods, or as malevolent as an infection or cancer. Urine that appears pink or red from the presence of blood is one cause for alarm.", "• Cells. A few large and small round cells may appear in normal urine, but their numbers may be increased in animals with cystitis, tumors, or other inflammation of the urinary tract. Evaluation of the urine sediment under the microscope is a good way to screen for urinary tract tumors.• Casts.rine color is clear when dilute; it is normally yellowish due to the urochromes in the urine, and the yellow color intensifies when concentrated (i.e., when the animal is dehydrated). Urine can pick up a variety of colors and odors, and these may indicate disease, diet, or drugs.", "The more hydrated one is, the clearer the color and the greater the urinary frequency. On the other hand, darker yellow urine is associated with dehydration and less urinary frequency. Vitamin b2 (riboflavin), present in most multivitamins, is what imparts a more colorful yellow/orange urine.", "Here's what your pee might be telling you: 1 Straw-Colored To Transparent-Yellow Pee: This is the normal urine color of a healthy, well-hydrated body. 2 Transparent Or Clear Pee: You should always be properly hydrated, but you can actually drink too much water, which will make your urine virtually colorless.", "Underlying Medical Causes of Urine Odor. Several conditions can cause strong or unusual urine odor. The most common causes include: Dehydration. Dehydration occurs when you do not drink enough fluids. If you are dehydrated, you may notice that your urine is a dark yellow or orange color and smells like ammonia.", "Ammonia smell is a concentrated urine due to dehydration. Burned caramel smell is a sign of a very rare life-threatening inherited maple syrup urine disease. Certain foods and medicines, including vitamins, may affect your urine’s odor ~ asparagus causes a characteristic odor. Cloudy, murky, turbid, muddy or rusty urine is characteristic of a urinary tract infection or bladder infection, which may also have an offensive smell.", "Eye Colours. The default eye colour for dogs is brown: However, a number of genes can affect eye colour. Amber Eyes. Amber eyes usually occur when the eumelanin produced by the dog is diluted or modified by the recessive genes in the B or D series. In other words, all liver dogs (bb) have amber eyes, and so do blue and isabella dogs (dd). Amber eyes vary from light brown (overlapping with the lighter eyes sometimes found in black-pigmented dogs) to yellow, yellow-green or grey.", "Blood in the urine, also known as Haematuria, can cause darker urine. Haemolytic Anemia can cause dark yellow urine color. Hepatitis can cause a darker urine color. Hepatitis is an inflammation of your liver, and it’s usually caused by a viral infection or some medications or even alcohol consumption.", "If there is blood in urine, the symptom is obvious. Instead of its normal pale yellow color, your urine may be pink, red, brownish-red, or tea-colored. This is what doctors call gross hematuria. Sometimes, blood in urine is not visible to the naked eye and the presence of red blood cells can only be detected by the lab. This is what doctors call microscopic hematuria. It's usually only discovered when a urine sample is tested with a dipstick and the results are confirmed with a microscopic examination.", "Colors Of Amber. The colors of natural, untreated amber and natural Baltic amber when heated. The pictures below show the various colors of amber that are most commonly offered in jewelry. |There are some very rare colors such as red, green and other shades of the rainbow that one occasionally finds.There are many, many color combinations offered that are synthetics and frauds.See counterfeit amber samples.he pictures below show the various colors of amber that are most commonly offered in jewelry. |There are some very rare colors such as red, green and other shades of the rainbow that one occasionally finds. There are many, many color combinations offered that are synthetics and frauds. See counterfeit amber samples.", "Blood or red colored urine, Cloudy urine with strong odor, Dark colored (brown) urine, Frequent urge to urinate. Bloating or fullness (Abdomen (lower)), Bloating or fullness (Pelvis), Change in bowel habits, Dark colored (brown) urine.", "Urine that is dark yellow or even orange could simply indicate that you’re dehydrated – you might notice it in the morning after a long night without water, for example. Try drinking more to see if the color lightens up to a nice pale straw yellow. If hydrating doesn’t help, think about your medication regimen.", "Guest over a year ago. You all keep saying you have bright yellow urine AND are saying you are drinking a lot of water. If you read what the replies are saying, Your urine will lighten or get bright yellow if you are drinking a lot of water or are taking b vitamins. it could also be bright yellow if you drink energy drinks. There's nothing wrong with you. It's actually healthier to have bright yellow urine.", "Golden yellow is the color halfway between amber and yellow on the RGB color wheel. It is a color that is 87.5% yellow and 12.5% red. The first recorded use of golden yellow as a color name in English was in the year 1597.", "Pigments and other compounds in certain foods and medications may change your urine color. Beets, berries and fava beans are among the foods most likely to affect urine color. Many over-the-counter and prescription medications give urine vivid tones, such as raspberry red, lemon yellow or greenish blue.", "Urate crystals may be red or reddish-brown, but they are usually much darker in appearance than red blood cells. (1) Intact red blood cells (figure 3-1). In fresh urine, erythrocytes appear as lightly pigmented biconcave disks of uniform size. They are about 7 to 8 microns in diameter.", "If you don't drink enough fluid or sweat a lot. Urine infection can give urine a foull smell which is often clue to a uti. Urine has a distinctive strong smell after eating asparagus. Color brown brown from kidney blood, red from fresh blood or eating red beets. Blue form porphyria (king george iii) times greenish with nitrofurantoin.", "Waste products of metabolism are excreted from the body by the kidneys through the urine. The urine contains wastes that have been filtered from the blood by the kidneys, and the resulting solution is a pale, straw yellow, or amber-colored liquid that comes out of the body through the urethra.", "1 Pink To Reddish-Colored Pee: If you've been noshing on red-pigmented foods like beets, rhubarb, or blueberries, then you're probably fine. If not, you may have blood in your urine. 2 Foamy Or Fizzy Pee: If it only happens on occasion, then it's just a cool hydraulic effect—you've got a good flow going.", "1 Bright yellow or orange urine can indicate you’ve consumed a lot of vitamin C, carrots, beets, or other foods in the orange family. 2 Some medications can turn your urine this color as well. 3 Dark orange or brown urine is cause for concern.", "If the urine appears thick or has granules in it I'd suspect bladder stones/crystals or infection. The bright yellow color can sometimes indicate a liver or gallbladder problem.", "Although it's rare, some medications and foods can make your urine look green, or even blue! Here's what your pee might be telling you: Straw-Colored To Transparent-Yellow Pee: This is the normal urine color of a healthy, well-hydrated body. This is what it should look like. Transparent Or Clear Pee: You should always be properly hydrated, but you can actually drink too much water, which will make your urine virtually colorless.", "This is the color your dog’s urine should be. There should be a mixture of clear to light yellow urine whenever your dog pees. This means that your dog is well hydrated and is probably not suffering from any serious illnesses of their vital organs.", "n. 1 The waste product secreted by the kidneys that in mammals is a yellow to amber-colored, slightly acidic fluid discharged from the body through the urethra. 2 the waste matter excreted by the kidneys, in mammals as a slightly acid yellowish liquid, in birds and reptiles as a semisolid consisting mostly of uric acid.", "The resulting color ranges from orange through green to dark blue.  Hemoglobinuria is the presence of hemoglobin in the urine. Causes: hemolytic anemia, blood transfusion reactions, massive bums, renal disease  Hematuria is the presence of intact red blood cells. Almost always pathological.", "If your pet has orange colored pee, additional blood and urine tests need to be performed immediately. What if my dog’s urine is red, pink, red/brown, or red/orange urine. Red or pink urine is often caused by a urinary tract infection. Many times you will also notice the urine is cloudy or turbid.", "Ideally, your urine would be a pale yellow color. This would indicate you’re hydrated. Urine naturally has some yellow pigments called urobilin or urochrome. The darker urine is, the more concentrated it tends to be.", "'Amber' is a shade of Orange that is 100% saturated and 100% bright.For reference purposes, Amber has the hex value #FFBF00.Amber' is a shade of Orange that is 100% saturated and 100% bright.", "Our leukocytes urine test strip. 1 The chromogenic substrate contained in the test is split by granulocytic esterase. 2 This reaction releases an indoxyl which reacts with diazonium salt to form a pink-purple color on the test patch. 3 The intensity of the color that forms is proportional to the number of leukocytes present in the urine sample.", "For example, beets, which contain a betalain pigment that turns hands and cooking water red, can turn urine a color that may resemble blood. Likewise, blackberries and rhubarb can result in red or pink urine. Tea-colored urine can follow the consumption of fava beans and sometimes rhubarb. The beta carotene in carrots, carrot juice and high doses of vitamin C can cause orange-colored urine, and B vitamins and asparagus may turn urine a greenish color.", "Cloudy pee may be a sign of infection. Unless you're on your period, you’ve eaten beets -- or maybe blackberries or rhubarb -- lately, you probably want to call your health care provider. While vitamins or medicines can turn your pee neon colors, red or pink may be a sign of blood in your urine. That could point to an infection, kidney stone, or sometimes a more serious problem like kidney disease, bladder cancer, or internal injury. You should get it checked out. Cloudy pee also is a sign of infection.", "The color amber is only found in the KJV book of Ezekiel. Its use demonstrates God's overbearingly bright and immediate presence. Direct Meaning: 1 God's glory and the brightness of His presence. - 2 Ezekiel 1:4; 1:27-28; 8:2 (KJV). 3 Christ as the glory of God-Ezekiel 1:28, II Corinthians 4:6, Revelation 21:23.", "Cloudy urine is the turbidity of the urine with a cloudy appearance, that shows a brown, red, white, yellow or dark urine.sually, it is normal or caused by urine infection, mixed with crystals, blood, bacteria, mucus, pus, free fat globules, epithelial cells or white blood cells in urine.", "Johnnie Walker Black Label Pure amber color. Buttered toast and grain, buckwheat honey, and mossy stone aromas. A silky entry leads to a dryish …", "If the urine is more orange, it may be associated with a condition known as icterus or jaundice. Orange urine may be the result of: Damaged red blood cells; Liver disease; Severe dehydration; Bile duct problems; Gallbladder problems; Pancreatic problems; If your pet has orange colored pee, additional blood and urine tests need to be performed immediately. What if my dog’s urine is red, pink, red/brown, or red/orange urine. Red or pink urine is often caused by a urinary tract infection. Many times you will also notice the urine is cloudy or turbid.", "Amber is one of several technically defined colors used in automotive signal lamps. In North America, SAE standard J578 governs the colorimetry of vehicle lights, while outside North America the internationalized European ECE regulations hold force.ports. 1 In gaelic games Armagh play in a darker Amber color (the amber that is prevalent in the Irish flag), Offaly play in the original colors of the Irish flag (Green, white and Amber) and Kilkenny also play in black and amber, albeit a more yellow amber.", "The shade, light or dark, also changes. If it has no color at all, that may be because you’ve been drinking a lot of water or taking a drug called a diuretic, which helps your body get rid of fluid. Very dark honey- or brown-colored urine could be a sign that you’re dehydrated and need to get more fluids right away.", "Healthy urine is clear and light yellow in color. Urine may appear cloudy for a variety of reasons, some of which are not harmful, such as foaming of the urine that occurs temporarily when urinating rapidly.n some cases, cloudy urine can be due to a serious or life-threatening underlying disease, such as pyelonephritis and urosepsis. Seek prompt medical care if you have persistently cloudy urine.", "Inspect the color of your urine. Blood will often make your urine appear to be red, pink or brown (similar in shade to Coca-Cola). After you pee, step back and inspect the color of the urine before you flush the toilet to look for abnormal colors in it. Your urine should be clear or a very light yellow in shade.", "If your pet has orange colored pee, additional blood and urine tests need to be performed immediately. What if my dog’s urine is red, pink, red/brown, or red/orange urine Red or pink urine is often caused by a urinary tract infection. Many times you will also notice the urine is cloudy or turbid. Other reasons for reddish urine include feline lower urinary tract disorder, cystitis, bleeding or clotting diseases, trauma and cancer.", "The ideal healthy urine color is actually a straw yellow color. Clear urine that does not appear to have any color can mean that you are healthy and have a well-hydrated body, but it could also mean that you are over hydrated and risk water intoxication (water poisoning) or you may even have diabetes.", "Urine consists of excess water and waste products that have been filtered from the blood by the kidneys. Its natural yellow color is due to excretion of urochrome, a pigment from blood. Depending on the amount of fluids you drink, your urine can range in color from almost clear (diluted) to dark orange (concentrated).", "1 Some medications can turn your urine this color as well. 2 Dark orange or brown urine is cause for concern. 3 This may mean you have bile in your urine or a problem with your liver. 4 Pink or red urine can simply indicate you’ve eaten red-tinted food.", "Presto, Chango: Urine of a Different Color: Asparagus: Aside from the odor, your urine could take on a greenish tinge. Beets, Blackberries, Rhubarb: If you're seeing red (or pink) – and think that's blood in your urine – rewind your day and see if you've eaten any of these foods.", "There are likely to be other possible causes, so ask your doctor about your symptoms. 1 Certain foods or drinks Beets - turn urine reddish. 2 Blood in urine - see causes of blood in urine. 3 Dehydration - causes darker urine or even a gold-color urine. 4 Bile in urine - causes a tea-like or mahogany color. 5 Jaundice - causes bile in urine.", "Amber Color The color of amber fossil varies from yellow to dark brown to almost black. Very rarely this gem may be found in green and blue-gray colors and hence green amber can be very rare. In addition, it is dyed in many colors like green, blue, pink etc.mber Color The color of amber fossil varies from yellow to dark brown to almost black. Very rarely this gem may be found in green and blue-gray colors and hence green amber can be very rare. In addition, it is dyed in many colors like green, blue, pink etc.", "Normal urine is clear and has a straw-yellow color. When the urine does not have its characteristic clear appearance, it is often referred to as cloudy, turbid, or foamy urine. Cloudy or foamy urine may occur occasionally due to mild dehydration; when it occurs in the absence of symptoms and goes away rapidly, it is usually of little consequence.", "The color of the urine is affected by a pigment called urochrome. Urine odor and color depends not only on the foods and beverages we consume throughout the day but on the medications we take and underlying medical conditions. Dark yellow urine can have multiple causes in nature both harmless and serious. If a person is dehydrated or simply not drinking enough liquids he will end up with dark yellow urine. As soon as the liquid intake is increased, the urine will quickly change its color to a straw-like light yellow.", "Normal urine is clear and has a straw yellow color, caused by a bile pigment called urobilin. As with your stool, your urine changes color depending on what foods you eat, what medications and supplements you take, how much water you drink, how active you are, and the time of the day. But some diseases can also change the color and other characteristics of your urine, so it's important to be alert and informed.", "Urine gets its color, which is typically yellow, from a pigment called urochrome. Lighter colored urine is more dilute, whereas darker urine contains less fluid. Very dark urine could be a sign that you’re dehydrated. If your urine doesn’t fit within this color scheme, don’t panic.", "Urine is 95 percent water and five percent urea, uric acid, minerals, salts, enzymes, and various substances that would cause problems if allowed to accumulate in your body. Normal urine is clear and has a straw yellow color, caused by a bile pigment called urobilin. As with your stool, your urine changes color depending on what foods you eat, what medications and supplements you take, how much water you drink, how active you are, and the time of the day.", "Amber is fossilized tree resin (not sap), which has been appreciated for its color and natural beauty since Neolithic times. Much valued from antiquity to the present as a gemstone, amber is made into a variety of decorative objects.mber occurs in a range of different colors. As well as the usual yellow-orange-brown that is associated with the color amber, amber itself can range from a whitish color through a pale lemon yellow, to brown and almost black.", "The shade, light or dark, also changes. If it has no color at all, that may be because you’ve been drinking a lot of water or taking a drug called a diuretic, which helps your body get rid of fluid. Very dark honey- or brown-colored urine could be a sign that you’re dehydrated and need to get more fluids right away. It may also be a warning sign of liver problems, so see your doctor if it doesn’t get better after a day or so.", "As soon as you give the signal, your pee rushes from your bladder to your urethra to your genitals, and from there to the blinding light of the world outside your body. TL; DR/VERDICT/SHORT ANSWER: Peeing is awesome and necessary. Also, kidneys. Why Is My Pee Always Yellow? (And What If It Isn’t?) Urine’s characteristic sunny hue comes primarily from a substance called urobilin. When your body is properly hydrated, the urobilin is diluted with plenty of water, and your pee is a nice, normal buttercup color. Amber or ale-colored urine is a reliable sign of dehydration, and clear pee is a signal that it’s time to put down the Nalgene.", "Cloudy Urine. Cloudy urine is the turbidity of the urine with a cloudy appearance, that shows a brown, red, white, yellow or dark urine. Usually, it is normal or caused by urine infection, mixed with crystals, blood, bacteria, mucus, pus, free fat globules, epithelial cells or white blood cells in urine.rinking water too little (dehydration) is also a cause. That often occurs at night when sleeping and may lead to cloudy urine in the morning. As a result, urine may be turbidity, and the color is deepened.", "What if my dog’s urine is dark enough to look orange? Dark yellow is typically normal in most pets. If the urine is more orange, it may be associated with a condition known as icterus or jaundice. Orange urine may be the result of: Damaged red blood cells; Liver disease; Severe dehydration; Bile duct problems; Gallbladder problems; Pancreatic problems", "However, red-colored urine can also occur when blood is present in the urine and can be an indicator of disease or damage to some part of the urinary system. Another example is yellow-brown or greenish-brown urine that may be a sign of bilirubin in the urine (see The Chemical Examination section).", "TANITH CAREY talked to the experts to find out what the colour of your urine really means. Urine is usually pale yellow - the colour comes from urochrome, a yellow pigment that's a by-product when bile, a greenish-coloured liquid, is broken down. Bile is produced by the liver and helps us digest fats. It also removes what is left over when red blood cells are broken down. Most of the bile is excreted from the body in faeces.", "“Normal urine can vary in color from colorless or very pale yellow to deep yellows, oranges and reds. And, the appearance of urine can give some helpful insights into your health and well-being beyond how much water you're drinking.”. 50 Percent of Cancer Cases Are Preventable, Says New Report >>>. Whether or not you care to admit, you notice the color and smell of your urine on a day-to-day (if not hourly) basis.", "Urinalysis involves checking the appearance and color of the urine (called gross examination). Urine can appear cloudy (turbid), clear, or layered. It can vary in color from pale (almost colorless) yellow to dark yellow, and even red, green, or blue. Infection may cause the urine to be abnormal in color and cloudy. number of diseases and conditions can result in abnormalities in the urine. These abnormalities often may be detected through physical, chemical, and microscopic examination. Urinalysis may be performed as part of a regular physical examination to screen for early signs of disease.", "Cloudy urine can be caused by a variety of conditions, including vaginal discharge, sexually transmitted diseases, dehydration, certain autoimmune disorders, as well as infection, inflammation, or other conditions of the urinary tract (kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra).ealthy urine is clear and light yellow in color. Urine may appear cloudy for a variety of reasons, some of which are not harmful, such as foaming of the urine that occurs temporarily when urinating rapidly.", "Liquid gold. 1 That’s the nickname for urine I was taught in veterinary medical school. We learned urine could provide us with such valuable insight into a patient’s health, that it was worth its weight in gold. We also learned that the color and consistency of urine, from light yellow to black and clear to cloudy, signaled health or illness.", "A light yellow urine color typically signifies a very healthy urine. The light straw yellow urine will have a low odor, few bubbles in the urine, little to no foam, and have a clear urine consistency. Congratulations, your urine is probably healthy.", "A lab technician examines the urine's appearance. Urine is typically clear. Cloudiness or an unusual odor may indicate a problem, such as an infection. Blood in the urine may make it look red or brown. Urine color can be influenced by what you've just eaten.", "Healthy urine is clear and light yellow in color. Urine may appear cloudy for a variety of reasons, some of which are not harmful, such as foaming of the urine that occurs temporarily when urinating rapidly.loudy urine can be caused by a variety of conditions, including vaginal discharge, sexually transmitted diseases, dehydration, certain autoimmune disorders, as well as infection, inflammation, or other conditions of the urinary tract (kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra).", "Confidence votes 53. Amber is a very slightly browned yellow. You will have to start with yellow (a primary colour) and add tiny amounts of red and even smaller amounts of blue to achieve the desired result.ith light, the colors red, green and blue (at equal intensity) will make white. This is how your computer monitor reproduces white on its screen. With paint or printers, ho … wever, there are no colors you can mix to get white. This is because white is an additive color with light, but a subtractive one with paint.", "Cloudy urine is the turbidity of the urine with a cloudy appearance, that shows a brown, red, white, yellow or dark urine.loudy urine is the turbidity of the urine with a cloudy appearance, that shows a brown, red, white, yellow or dark urine.", "The list below shows some of the causes of Orange urine mentioned in various sources: 1 Beets - turn urine reddish. 2 Bile in urine - causes a tea-like or mahogany color. 3 Blackberries - may lead to red urine. 4 Blood in urine - see causes of blood in urine. 5 Borscht (beet soup) - turn urine reddish. 6 Certain foods or drinks.", "What if my dog’s urine is brown to black. Brown to black urine can signal something serious has happened. The dark color can be due to blood cell damage releasing hemoglobin, muscle damage from trauma, or toxins such as onions, garlic, zinc, or acetaminophen (Tylenol®).", "Alkaptonuria is a rare condition in which a person's urine turns a dark brownish-black color when exposed to air. ... Call your health care provider if you notice that your own urine or your child's urine becomes dark brown or black when it is exposed to air. Prevention.", "Well, here it goes! Your urine should be pale yellow to clear in color. It should not be neon yellow, dark yellow or any other color for that matter. It should not be cloudy or have a strong odor (unless, of course, you've been eating asparagus).", "The color amber is a pure chroma color, located on the color wheel midway between the colors of gold and orange.The color name is derived from the material also known as amber, which is commonly found in a range of yellow-orange-brown-red colors; likewise, as a color amber can refer to a range of yellow-orange colors.ports. 1 In gaelic games Armagh play in a darker Amber color (the amber that is prevalent in the Irish flag), Offaly play in the original colors of the Irish flag (Green, white and Amber) and Kilkenny also play in black and amber, albeit a more yellow amber.", "The back-light shines through the amber and a different color will show. This color is usually a dark red, blue, or brown. It is criticized that the black amber is not truly black because of this property and some people deny that black amber even exists.In my opinion, it is only more beautiful because of it's ability to show a different color in the light.his color is usually a dark red, blue, or brown. It is criticized that the black amber is not truly black because of this property and some people deny that black amber even exists. In my opinion, it is only more beautiful because of it's ability to show a different color in the light.", "Amber RGB Color Code: #FFBF00. The hexadecimal RGB code of Amber color is #FFBF00. This code is composed of a hexadecimal FF red (255/256), a BF green (191/256) and a 00 blue component (0/256). The decimal RGB color code is rgb(255,191,0). Red. Green. Blue.", "Darker urine can be different colors, but is usually brown, deep yellow, or maroon. Dark urine is deeper in color than urine that is usually straw to yellow in color. Darker urine can be different colors, but is usually brown, deep yellow, or maroon. Read more. Urine is produced in the kidneys. When you take in fluid or food, it passes from your digestive system, into your circulatory system, and into your kidneys where it is filtered.", "Urine - abnormal color. The usual color of urine is straw-yellow. Abnormally colored urine may be cloudy, dark, or blood-colored. Abnormal urine color may be caused by infection, disease, medicines, or food you eat. Cloudy or milky urine is a sign of a urinary tract infection, which may also cause a bad smell. Milky urine may also be caused by bacteria, crystals, fat, white or red blood cells, or mucus in the urine.", "Kidney is the organ that is in charge of producing urine, so urine changes may imply kidney problem sometimes. Normal urine color ranges from pale yellow to deep amber, but sometimes we may notice our urine appears colorless, which makes people worried and wonder if it mean kidney failure.", "I had 3 cups of coffee and a red bull today all in 4 hours. The first time I urinated, it was an amber color. Then I got worried and drank a lot of water and now my urine is back to normal (light yellow). This only happened once after drinking all that caffeine. Related Topics: Coffee, Urination, Drinking, Caffeine.", "Amber can be found naturally in so many different colors and shades. Some of these colors even change depending on the light that is shining on the petrified sap. Among the colors amber can be found in there is, in order of commonness from the greatest to least, there is yellow, black, green, white, red, and blue.There are many colors to choose from in amber.his color is usually a dark red, blue, or brown. It is criticized that the black amber is not truly black because of this property and some people deny that black amber even exists. In my opinion, it is only more beautiful because of it's ability to show a different color in the light.", "Amber occurs in a range of different colors. As well as the usual yellow-orange-brown that is associated with the color amber, amber itself can range from a whitish color through a pale lemon yellow, to brown and almost black.mber occurs in a range of different colors. As well as the usual yellow-orange-brown that is associated with the color amber, amber itself can range from a whitish color through a pale lemon yellow, to brown and almost black.", "No single color will look as good as amber. Amber is translucid and has many hues. The only way to give the illusion of amber is to mix various yellows and light oranges … on the canvas, add some browns and white for shadows and reflections.hat does the color amber look like? Amber is a color between orange and yellow on the color wheel. It is classified as 25% red and 75% yellow, whereas normal orange is 50% of red and yellow both.", "Amber can vary in color from yellow or gold to brown and even red and can be opaque or milky to clear. It is not uncommon for Amber to contain bits of plant, or even animal matter and be as old as 120 million years! Amber was well known and used for jewelry in Ancient Egypt, Crete and it native Baltic regions.", "The color Amber is a yellowish-orange color. It got its name from the material known as amber. The amber color is halfway between yellow and orange on the color wheel.The first recorded use of amber as a color name in English was in 1500.he amber color is halfway between yellow and orange on the color wheel.", "What Does Colorless Urine Mean. Speaking of color changes of urine, whether you think there is something wrong with kidneys or not. Actually, the healthy kidney is responsible for producing urine and the normal urine color ranges from pale yellow to deep amber. But when your kidneys are damaged, urine may be present dark yellow, pink, red, even black.", "Colorless Urine And Kidney Disease 2013-04-09 17:53. Due to urochrome, the normal urine color can range from pale yellow to deep amber. Abnormal urine color can be caused by foods, drugs, pigment, blood, urinary tract infection, kidney problems and other factors. Urine color has much to do with fluid intake. The more water we drink, the more light the color is.", "Pale straw to amber or honey: Lighter shades of yellow indicate that you are probably well-hydrated—but as the color darkens, it could be a sign you need to refuel with fluids. Syrup or brown ale: If you’re noticing shades of brown in your urine, it could simply be a sign that you are dehydrated. However, it’s worth getting checked out by a doctor because brown urine could also be indicative of a problem in the liver, Shoskes said.", "Foamy Urine. Urine is produced by the kidneys are discharged through urethra. Like any other metabolic wastes, urine is toxic and if retained in the body could produce undesirable illness. Normal color of the urine is amber or pale yellow.", "The Color, Smell and Turbidity of Urine The color of normal urine ranges from colorless through straw, yellow, amber and brown and depends on the concentration of various pigments (urochrome, uroerythrin, urobilin).The color of urine can be influenced by: - pH: acidic urine usually darker.he Color, Smell and Turbidity of Urine The color of normal urine ranges from colorless through straw, yellow, amber and brown and depends on the concentration of various pigments (urochrome, uroerythrin, urobilin).", "Urine varies in appearance, depending principally upon a body's level of hydration, as well as other factors. Normal urine is a transparent solution ranging from colorless to amber but is usually a pale yellow. In the urine of a healthy individual the color comes primarily from the presence of urobilin.", "What does Cloudy Urine mean? Generally, urine does not have any color. The color of urine varies in average people depending on the concentration of the fluid and other factors like foods, drinks or amount of water consumed. Holding it back for long hours may give urine a dark yellow color. In some cases, an amber color may also be visible.", "Normal urine color ranges from pale yellow to deep amber — the result of a pigment called urochrome and how diluted or concentrated the urine is. Pigments and other compounds in certain foods and medications may change your urine color.", "Urinalysis begins with a macroscopic examination of the urine which describes the color and clarity of the urine. In healthy individuals urine color ranges from pale yellow to amber, depending on their state of hydration. Many factors affect urine color including fluid balance, diet, medications and disease.", "Some drugs can change the color of the urine. Normal urine color is a light yellow to a dark amber color. Inflammation may also cloud the urine as well as other pathological conditions can. Dorban can color the urine red; phenolphthalein can color it red; pyridium can color the urine dark orange.", "Dark amber urine is usually very concentrated and means that you should be drinking more water. Foods, medications and even vitamins can change the color of urine temporarily but eliminating the cause brings the color back to normal.", "Color is usually some shade of yellow and often varies with the concentration of the sample. The most common color descriptions of normal urine are straw, light yellow, yellow and dark yellow. Amber colored urine is seen in patients with increased bilirubin levels and may indicate hepatitis.", "Color and transparency are determined from visual observation of the sample. Normal urine is straw yellow to amber in color. Abnormal colors include bright yellow, brown, black (gray), red, and green. These pigments may result from medications, dietary sources, or diseases.", "Normal urine can range in color from pale yellow (almost colorless) to deep amber. Dark amber urine is usually very concentrated and means that... View Full Answer" ]

[ "\nInborn errors of bile acid synthesis can produce life-threatening cholestatic liver disease (which usually presents in infancy) and progressive neurological disease presenting later in childhood or in adult life.he neurological presentation often includes signs of upper motor neurone damage (spastic paraparesis). The most useful screening test for many of these disorders is analysis of urinary cholanoids (bile acids and bile alcohols); this is usually now achieved by electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry." ]

[ "Most liver damage is caused by 3 hepatitis viruses, called hepatitis A, B and C. However, hepatitis can also be caused by alcohol and some other toxins and infections, as well as from our own autoimmune process (the body attacks itself).", "Immune dysregulation, a hallmark of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), manifests itself in three autoimmune diseases: warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA); idiopathic thrombocytopenia (ITP); and, pure red cell aplasia (PRCA).AIHA occurs in 11% of advanced stage CLL patients.utoimmune disease and chronic lymphocytic leukemia: autoimmune hemolytic anemia, pure red cell aplasia, and autoimmune thrombocytopenia. Diehl LF(1), Ketchum LH. Author information:", "The word hepatitis refers to liver inflammation. Most forms of hepatitis result from viral infection, although in some cases it is caused by an autoimmune disorder, in which the body’s immune system attacks liver cells because it cannot tell the difference between harmful invaders and healthy liver tissue.", "Autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (or autoimmune haemolytic anaemia; AIHA) occurs when antibodies directed against the person's own red blood cells (RBCs) cause them to burst (lyse), leading to insufficient plasma concentration. The lifetime of the RBCs is reduced from the normal 100–120 days to just a few days in serious cases.", "Less common causes include α1-antitrypsin deficiency, autoimmune hepatitis, and Wilson disease. Extrahepatic conditions (e.g., thyroid disorders, celiac disease, hemolysis, muscle disorders) can also cause elevated liver transaminase levels.", "Biliary atresia is a liver condition. It occurs when a baby's bile ducts do not form normally. Instead of being open tubes to drain bile from the liver, the bile ducts are missing or they are blocked because of scarring. Bile is a liquid made by the baby's liver. It helps the body digest (break down) fats.", "In primary sclerosing cholangitis, inflammation causes scars within the bile ducts. These scars make the ducts hard and narrow and gradually cause serious liver damage. In most people with primary sclerosing cholangitis, the disease progresses slowly and can lead to liver failure, repeated infections, and tumors of the bile duct or liver. Liver transplant is the only known cure for primary sclerosing cholangitis.", "The liver’s “to-do” list is huge. It helps metabolize carbs and maintain healthy glucose levels, stores and synthesizes vitamins, and regulates hormones, including estrogen. But, arguably one of the liver’s most important tasks is creating a substance called bile. Bile gets a bad rap because it just sounds bad.", "Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease predominantly affecting middle-aged women. It is hypothesized that PBC begins with loss of immune self tolerance, leading to damage of the biliary epithelial cells of small bile ducts.", "Hepatitis causes inflammation of the liver, vomiting, and jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes). Hepatitis can lead to liver cancer, cirrhosis, or death. The hepatitis A pediatric vaccine is used to help prevent this disease in children.The vaccine works by exposing your child to a small amount of the virus, which causes the body to develop immunity to the disease. This vaccine will not treat an active infection that has already developed in the body.epatitis causes inflammation of the liver, vomiting, and jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes). Hepatitis can lead to liver cancer, cirrhosis, or death. The hepatitis A pediatric vaccine is used to help prevent this disease in children.", "Acute liver failure also occurs due to extensive metabolic disorders in protein synthesis (albumin, transport protein, procoagulant and anticoagulant protein factors), and glucose absorption, as well as abnormalities in the metabolic detoxification process.", "Fatigue is the most common symptom and other symptoms include an enlarged liver, jaundice, itching skin rashes, joint pain, and abdominal pain. These symptoms range from mild to severe and can lead to cirrhosis (scarring and hardening) of the liver and may eventually lead to liver failure.", "Pancreatitis. The severe inflammatory process that occurs with digestive enzymes can spill over into the liver and cause severe disease. The close proximity of the pancreas to the liver and the bile ducts results in some degree of hepatitis whenever there is a case of pancreatic inflammation.Treat the pancreatitis and the liver disease will regress.he close proximity of the pancreas to the liver and the bile ducts results in some degree of hepatitis whenever there is a case of pancreatic inflammation. Treat the pancreatitis and the liver disease will regress.", "Back to TopCauses. There are many causes of cholestasis. Extrahepatic cholestasis occurs outside the liver. It can be caused by: Bile duct tumors. Cysts. Narrowing of the bile duct (strictures) Stones in the common bile duct. Pancreatitis.", "The disorder results in a form of nonhemolytic jaundice, which results in high levels of unconjugated bilirubin and often leads to brain damage in infants. The disorder is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. This syndrome is divided into types I and II, with the latter sometimes called Arias syndrome.", "It is usually caused by a virus. Acute viral hepatitis is a common cause of jaundice, particularly jaundice that occurs in young and otherwise healthy people. Sometimes hepatitis is caused by an autoimmune disorder or use of certain drugs.", "What is biliary atresia? Biliary atresia is a chronic, progressive liver problem that becomes evident shortly after birth. Tubes in the liver, called bile ducts, normally allow a liquid produced by the liver called bile to drain into the intestines and kidneys. Bile aids in digestion and carries waste products from the liver to the intestine and kidneys for excretion. In biliary atresia, bile ducts in the liver are blocked. When the bile is unable to leave the liver through the bile ducts, the liver becomes damaged and many vital body functions are affected.", "If hepatocellular liver injury is accompanied by jaundice, impaired hepatic synthesis, and encephalopathy, chance of spontaneous recovery is low, and liver transplantation should be considered. This type of injury can result from drugs such as acetaminophen and isoniazid.", "Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (A1AD or AATD) is a genetic disorder that may result in lung disease or liver disease. Onset of lung problems is typically between 20 and 50 years old. This may result in shortness of breath, wheezing, or an increased risk of lung infections.", "Back to TopCauses. Bile is a liquid released by the liver. It contains cholesterol, bile salts, and waste products such as bilirubin. Bile salts help your body break down (digest) fats. Bile passes out of the liver through the bile ducts and is stored in the gallbladder. After a meal, it is released into the small intestine. When the bile ducts become blocked, bile builds up in the liver, and jaundice (yellow color of the skin) develops due to the increasing levels of bilirubin in the blood. The possible causes of a blocked bile duct include: Cysts of the common bile duct.", "Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic, or long-term, disease that slowly damages the bile ducts. Bile is a digestive liquid that is made in the liver. It travels through the bile ducts to the gallbladder and the small intestine, where it helps digest fats and fatty vitamins.", "Autoimmune Addison disease affects the function of the adrenal glands, which are small hormone-producing glands located on top of each kidney. It is classified as an autoimmune disorder because it results from a malfunctioning immune system that attacks the adrenal glands.", "Wolman’s disease (also known as acid lipase deficiency) is an autosomal recessive disorder marked by the buildup of cholesteryl esters (normally a tranport form of cholesterol that brings nutrients into the cells and carries out waste) and triglycerides (a chemical form in which fats exist in the body).olman’s disease (also known as acid lipase deficiency) is an autosomal recessive disorder marked by the buildup of cholesteryl esters (normally a tranport form of cholesterol that brings nutrients into the cells and carries out waste) and triglycerides (a chemical form in which fats exist in the body).", "Rather, it is a digestive enzyme on the surface of the small intestine. However, the transaminases, ALT and AST, may become elevated before the alkaline phosphatase. Their elevation tends to be less marked than what is seen in liver diseases like hepatitis, which helps to distinguish gallbladder disease from liver dysfunction. Normal levels of these enzymes are 0 to 40 IU/L. Other Gallbladder Diseases", "The causes of biliary atresia are not well understood. Congenital biliary atresia has been associated with certain genes, while acquired biliary atresia is thought to be a result of an autoimmune inflammatory response, possibly due to a viral infection of the liver soon after birth.", "During normal liver function, the bile which is produced is transported out of the cells and into the bile duct by special pumps. During Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy, the cells are unable to transport the bile out of the cells normally, which leads to bile acids building up in the blood.", "A gallbladder scan, also known as a HIDA (hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid) scan, is a procedure that uses a radioactive substance to take pictures of your gallbladder, liver, and bile ducts.hese problems can cause abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and jaundice. A gallbladder scan is also called a hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid scan (HIDA scan), gallbladder radionuclide scan, hepatobiliary scan, cholescintigraphy, or hepatobiliary scintigraphy.", "Primary biliary cirrhosis, or PBC, is a chronic, or long-term, disease of the liver that slowly destroys the medium-sized bile ducts within the liver. Bile is a digestive liquid that is made in the liver. It travels through the bile ducts to the small intestine, where it helps digest fats and fatty vitamins.In patients with PBC, the bile ducts are destroyed by inflammation. This causes bile to remain in the liver, where gradual injury damages liver cells and causes cirrhosis, or scarring of the liver.As cirrhosis progresses and the amount of scar tissue in the liver increases, the liver loses its ability to function.t travels through the bile ducts to the small intestine, where it helps digest fats and fatty vitamins. In patients with PBC, the bile ducts are destroyed by inflammation. This causes bile to remain in the liver, where gradual injury damages liver cells and causes cirrhosis, or scarring of the liver.", "Initial investigation should be directed at distinguishing between an intrahepatic or an extrahepatic acute cholestasis. The initial test is therefore abdominal ultrasonography to look for bile duct dilatation. The presence of bile duct dilatation on ultrasonography indicates that cholestasis is extrahepatic.", "The obstruction causes bile salts, the bile pigment bilirubin, and fats (lipids) to accumulate in the blood stream instead of being eliminated normally. Intrahepatic cholestasis is characterized by widespread blockage of small ducts or by disorders, such as hepatitis, that impair the body's ability to eliminate bile.", "Primary biliary cirrhosis, sometimes called PBC, is a disease in which the bile ducts in your liver are slowly destroyed.Bile, a fluid produced in your liver, plays a role in digesting food and helps rid your body of worn-out red blood cells, cholesterol and toxins.rimary biliary cirrhosis, sometimes called PBC, is a disease in which the bile ducts in your liver are slowly destroyed.", "itchiness (pruritus). Pruritus is the primary symptom of cholestasis and is thought to be due to interactions of serum bile acids with opioidergic nerves. In fact, the opioid antagonist naltrexone is used to treat pruritus due to cholestasis. jaundice. Jaundice is an uncommon occurrence in intrahepatic (metabolic) cholestasis, but is common in obstructive cholestasis.", "An arrest in the flow of bile; cholestasia due to obstruction of bile ducts is accompanied by formation of plugs of inspissated bile in the small ducts, canaliculi in the liver, and elevation of serum direct bilirubin and some enzymes.", "As stated, Lymphocytic thyroiditis, is the most common MHC related autoimmune disease in dogs, and as such actually serves as a marker for susceptibility to a myriad of other autoimmune diseases. Some of these are: 1 Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA),t is known that human body odor is determined by the human leukocyte antigens (HLA) that are produced by the Major Histocompatibility Complex. The study concluded that “the volatile organic compounds produced by tumors, and detected by dogs, are products of MHC genes.", "Abnormal liver test > Cholestatic pattern > More than six months > Chronic cholestasis. The differential diagnosis for chronic cholestasis is wide and depends on the clinical setting and therefore careful history and physical examination are of great importance. The main cause of chronic cholestasis is drug-induced liver injury (intrahepatic cholestasis), but there are additional diagnostic possibilities.", "When bile ducts are damaged, as in primary biliary cirrhosis, harmful substances can build up in your liver and sometimes lead to irreversible scarring of liver tissue (cirrhosis).", "This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. BRIC1 generally does not cause lasting damage to the liver. However, in rare cases, episodes of liver dysfunction may develop into a more severe, permanent form of liver disease known as progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC).", "1 Hepatocellular jaundice-a type of jaundice that occurs as a result of liver disease or injury. 2 Hemolytic jaundice-a type of jaundice that occurs as a result of hemolysis (an accelerated breakdown of erythrocytes-red blood cells) leading to an increase in production of bilirubin.ymptoms of jaundice include: 1 Yellow tinge to the skin and the whites of the eyes. 2 Pruritis (itchiness). 3 Fatigue. 4 Abdominal pain-typically indicates a blockage of the bile duct. 5 Weight loss.", "It is not known why autoimmune hepatitis or other autoimmune diseases occur. Some factor may trigger the immune system to attack the body's own tissues. There are various theories as to possible triggers. For example, a virus, a chemical or some other factor may trigger the disease.", "Liver Cancer: Anabolic Steroid-Related Liver Damage. Liver damage from anabolic steroids can cause a condition called cholestasis. With this condition, bile, a digestive fluid made in your liver, cannot get to where it needs to go and leaks out into your blood. Symptoms include: 1 Itching. 2 Nausea.3 Loss of appetite.4 Dark urine.iver damage from anabolic steroids can cause a condition called cholestasis. With this condition, bile, a digestive fluid made in your liver, cannot get to where it needs to go and leaks out into your blood. Symptoms include: 1 Itching. 2 Nausea. 3 Loss of appetite. 4 Dark urine.", "One blood test for autoimmune disease is C-reactive protein (CRP). Another test is ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) - this is done to assess an inflammation that is not from an infection or due to other reasons.One of the most common blood tests for detecting autoimmune disorders is ANA (antinuclear antibodies).This is also known an ANF (anti nuclear factor). Some genetic autoimmune diseases can be found by testing for the HLA-B27 antigen.ymptoms include, but are not limited to fatigue, enlarged liver, dark urine, loss of appetite, joint pain, skin rashes, jaundice, nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, itching and abnormal blood vessels on the skin. Blood tests and a liver biopsy are the tests that detect autoimmune hepatitis.", "1 itchiness (pruritus). 2 Pruritus is the primary symptom of cholestasis and is thought to be due to interactions of serum bile acids with opioidergic nerves. 3 In fact, the opioid antagonist naltrexone is used to treat pruritus due to cholestasis.ile is secreted by the liver to aid in the digestion of fats. Bile formation begins in bile canaliculi that form between two adjacent surfaces of liver cells (hepatocytes) similar to the terminal branches of a tree.", "1 If the accumulation of fatty acids in the liver is severe, the patient may experience weakness, nausea, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, and malaise (generally feeling unwell). 2 Alcoholic hepatitis-hepatitis means inflammation (swelling) of the liver from any cause. 3 In this case it means swelling because of alcohol.", "Test Results. In a normal test, no antibodies are present. However, if the test results are abnormal, they will show the presence of the mitochondrial M2 antibody. Positive tests indicate cirrhosis of the liver, primary biliary cirrhosis, thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, liver blockage, or autoimmune hepatitis.owever, if the test results are abnormal, they will show the presence of the mitochondrial M2 antibody. Positive tests indicate cirrhosis of the liver, primary biliary cirrhosis, thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, liver blockage, or autoimmune hepatitis.", "Hepatitis refers to an inflammatory condition of the liver. It’s commonly caused by a viral infection, but there are other possible causes of hepatitis. These include autoimmune hepatitis and hepatitis that occurs as a secondary result of medications, drugs, toxins, and alcohol.his is also called delta hepatitis. Hepatitis D is a serious liver disease caused by the hepatitis D virus (HDV). HDV is contracted through puncture wounds or contact with infected blood. Hepatitis D is a rare form of hepatitis that occurs in conjunction with hepatitis B infection.", "In mammals (rats) that do not have the gallbladder, only the hydrophilic hepatoprotective bile acids are only synthesized; as for the secondary hydrophobic hepatotoxic bile acids, they are formed in small quantities or are poorly absorbed in the ileum and the colon (table 2).", "Hepatitis may occur with limited or no symptoms, but often leads to jaundice (a yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membrane, and conjunctiva), poor appetite, and malaise. Hepatitis is acute when it lasts less than six months and chronic when it persists longer.iral hepatitis is the most common cause of hepatitis worldwide. Other common causes of non-viral hepatitis include toxic and drug-induced, alcoholic, autoimmune, fatty liver, and metabolic disorders. Less commonly some bacterial, parasitic, fungal, mycobacterial and protozoal infections can cause hepatitis.", "This report discusses those studies that provided new insights into the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of 3 important genetic/ metabolic disorders of the liver: Wilson's disease, alpha-1-antitrypsin (alpha-1-AT) deficiency, and progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC), a heterozygous group of conditions.", "Liver damage from anabolic steroids can cause a condition called cholestasis. With this condition, bile, a digestive fluid made in your liver, cannot get to where it needs to go and leaks out into your blood. Symptoms include: 1 Itching.2 Nausea. 3 Loss of appetite. 4 Dark urine.iver damage from anabolic steroids can cause a condition called cholestasis. With this condition, bile, a digestive fluid made in your liver, cannot get to where it needs to go and leaks out into your blood. Symptoms include: 1 Itching. 2 Nausea. 3 Loss of appetite. 4 Dark urine.", "The scan helps track the production of bile from your liver to the small. intestines. Bile is a fluid produced by your liver that helps your digestive system break down fats. in the foods you eat. A Hepatobiliary scan is also know as cholescintigraphy, or HIDA scan. (HIDA means Hepatobiliary IminoDiacetic Acid). A HIDA scan may show changes in the liver.", "Summary Summary. Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis 1 (BRIC1) is characterized by episodes of liver dysfunction called cholestasis, during which the liver cells have a reduced ability to release a digestive fluid called bile.", "Liver enzymes such as ALT and AST can be elevated in gallbladder dysfunction. The liver is one of the main organs of digestion. In addition to its role in hormone production and protein synthesis, it manufactures bile, which is essential to the digestion of dietary fats.", "Hepatitis B: Hepatitis B can cause liver inflammation and damage that can lead to cirrhosis. Hepatitis D: This type of hepatitis can also cause cirrhosis. It’s often seen in people who already have hepatitis B. Inflammation caused by autoimmune disease: Autoimmune hepatitis may have a genetic cause.", "Infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) can trigger autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in a minority of patients. This means that the liver cells are damaged not only by the virus but also by the body's own immune system.", "There is also a slight risk of a false positive test result, especially for people with associated autoimmune disorders like type 1 diabetes, autoimmune liver disease, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, psoriatic or rheumatoid arthritis, and heart failure, who do not have celiac disease.", "Bile duct damage. Mayo Clinic in Minnesota has been recognized as the best Gastroenterology & GI Surgery hospital in the nation for 2015-2016 by U.S. News & World Report. Primary biliary cirrhosis, sometimes called PBC, is a disease in which the bile ducts in your liver are slowly destroyed. Bile, a fluid produced in your liver, plays a role in digesting food and helps rid your body of worn-out red blood cells, cholesterol and toxins.", "Ribavirin and peginterferon alfa-2a combination therapy is contraindicated in patients with: 1 Autoimmune hepatitis. 2 Hepatic decompensation (Child-Pugh score greater than 6; class B and C) in cirrhotic CHC monoinfected patients before treatment [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.3)].", "Autoimmune diseases are disorders in which the body’s immune system attacks the body’s own cells and organs with proteins called autoantibodies; this process is called autoimmunity. Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic disease of the liver.", "The mammals in which the hydrophobic hepatotoxic bile acids are synthesized or formed must have the gallbladder. Those mammals in which the hydrophilic hepatoprotective bile acids are synthesized and the hydrophobic hepatotoxic bile acids are formed in small quantities, may manage without it. The mammals, in which bile alcohols are synthesized in large amounts, do not have the gallbladder.", "7 All patients had negative serum tests for infectious, metabolic, autoimmune, or hereditary liver disease; no history of alcohol or hepatotoxic drug use; and no signs of chronic liver disease.", "Medical problems can arise if the liver, the gallbladder, or the ducts that control the movement of bile are affected by disease. Hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid scan is what HIDA scan stands for. The procedure involves a moving, scanning camera and a scan table, which the patient lies on.", "Cholestasis is a condition where bile cannot flow from the liver to the duodenum. Pruritus is the primary symptom of cholestasis and is thought to be due to interactions of serum bile acids with opioidergic nerves. 2 In fact, the opioid antagonist naltrexone is used to treat pruritus due to cholestasis. 3 jaundice.", "1 Viruses that trigger inflammation. 2 Autoimmune disease associated with microscopic colitis, such as rheumatoid arthritis or celiac disease. Autoimmune disease occurs when your body's immune system attacks healthy tissues. Bile acid not being properly absorbed and irritating the lining of the colon.", "Hepatitis (plural: hepatitides) is a medical condition defined by the inflammation of the liver and characterized by the presence of inflammatory cells in the tissue of the organ.epatitis may occur with limited or no symptoms, but often leads to jaundice (a yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membrane, and conjunctiva), poor appetite, and malaise. Hepatitis is acute when it lasts less than six months and chronic when it persists longer.", "In babies with biliary atresia, the abnormal or scarred bile ducts keep bile from flowing out of the liver. Instead, bile backs up in the liver. Backed-up bile (congestion) in the liver is called cholestasis. It causes scarring (cirrhosis) and jaundice, or a yellowish tint to the skin and eyes.", "Clinical Significance. A high Anti-Mitochondrial Antibody (AMA) titer supports the diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Low titers of AMA may be detected in other liver disorders, which include chronic active hepatitis and cryptogenic cirrhosis.Mitochondrial M2 Antibody has an even higher specificity for PBC.linical Significance. A high Anti-Mitochondrial Antibody (AMA) titer supports the diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Low titers of AMA may be detected in other liver disorders, which include chronic active hepatitis and cryptogenic cirrhosis.", "Serum antimitochondrial antibody targets non–organ-specific mitochondrial antigens numerically classified as M1-M9. M2 is the most commonly recognized antigen complex, consisting of 2-oxo-acid dehydrogenase complex (2-OADHC) family located in the inner mitochondrial membrane.eference Range. The presence of serum antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) is a highly specific indication of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). The reference range of antimitochondrial antibody immunoassay is a titer less than 1:40 on enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and negative on indirect immunofluorescence (IF).", "Autoimmune hepatitis has an incidence of 1-2 per 100,000 per year, and a prevalence of 10-20/100,000. As with most other autoimmune diseases, it affects women much more often than men (70%). Liver enzymes are elevated, as may be bilirubin.", "Anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA) are autoantibodies, consisting of immunoglobulins formed against mitochondria, primarily the mitochondria in cells of the liver.mmunofluorescence staining pattern of AMA shown on stomach (top left), liver (top right), kidney (bottom left) and hep-20-10 cells (bottom right). Primary biliary cirrhosis is seen primarily in middle-aged women, and in those afflicted with other autoimmune diseases.", "Cholestasis may occur as a result of an acute or chronic process involving either the extrahepatic or intrahepatic biliary tree . This syndrome is characterized by an elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) out of proportion to elevation of aminotransferase enzymes . Clinically, pruritus and fatigue are the most common presenting symptoms of chronic cholestatic disorders.", "In these mammals there is a considerable synthesis of bile alcohols, which are poorly solubilize cholesterol (2). In mammals that have the gallbladder (humans, monkeys, rabbits) both the hydrophilic and hydrophobic bile acids may be synthesized (table 2). The secondary hydrophobic hepatotoxic bile acids can be formed in large quantities, but they are poorly absorbed in the ileum and the colon (1-3).", "Common initial symptoms include fatigue or muscle aches or signs of acute liver inflammation including fever, jaundice, and right upper quadrant abdominal pain. Individuals with autoimmune hepatitis often have no initial symptoms and the disease is detected by abnormal liver function tests.", "Autoimmune refers to the body’s own immune system attacking another part of the body. Hepatitis refers to inflammation of the liver, which can range from mild to severe. In the vast majority of patients, autoimmune hepatitis is marked by fluctuating levels of intensity, with relapses and remissions. Return to top.", "Autoimmune Hepatitis: Types list. The list of types of Autoimmune Hepatitis mentioned in various sources includes: 1 Type I Autoimmune Hepatitis - most common in USA, usually associated with other autoimmune diseases. Type II Autoimmune Hepatitis - typically girls aged 2-14.", "What are antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA)? Between 95 and 98% of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) have autoantibodies (antibodies to self) in their blood that react with the inner lining of mitochondria. These autoantibodies are called antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA).", "Autoimmune hepatitis is an uncommon cause of chronic hepatitis. Chronic means that the inflammation is persistent or long-term. The chronic inflammation gradually damages the liver cells, which can result in serious problems.", "Indeed, the synthesis of the bile acids is the major pathway of cholesterol catabolism in mammals. Although several of the enzymes involved in bile acid synthesis are active in many cell types, the liver is the only organ where their complete biosynthesis can occur. Synthesis of bile acids is one of the predominant mechanisms for the excretion of excess cholesterol.", "Autoimmune hepatitis is associated with other autoimmune illnesses, including thyroiditis (inflammation of the thyroid), diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis (inflammation of the joints), and ulcerative colitis (inflammation of the large intestine).", "About half of those with type I have other autoimmune disorders, such as thyroidosis, Graves' disease, Sjgren's syndrome, autoimmune anemia, and ulcerative colitis. Type II autoimmune hepatitis is less common, typically affecting girls ages 2 to 14, although adults can have it too.", "Medications that typically cause autoimmune hepatitis include minocycline, nitrofurantoin, hydralazine, methyldopa, statins, fenofibrate, alpha and beta interferon, infliximab and etanercept.ubMed Citation (Review of drug induced autoimmune hepatitis-like syndromes, most commonly caused by nitrofurantoin and minocycline, but also with hydralazine, methyldopa and more rarely with statins, fibrates, NSAIDs, various herbals and tumor necrosis factor antagonists).", "The most common cause for liver transplantation in adults is cirrhosis caused by various types of liver injuries such as infections (hepatitis B and C), alcohol, autoimmune liver diseases, early‐stage liver cancer, metabolic and hereditary disorders, but also diseases of unknown aetiology.ombination therapy of ursodeoxycholic acid and corticosteroids for primary biliary cirrhosis with features of autoimmune hepatitis: a meta-analysis. A meta-analysis was performed of RCTs comparing therapies that combine UDCA and corticosteroids with UDCA monotherapy.", "Primary biliary cirrhosis is considered an autoimmune disease, in which the body turns against its own cells. Researchers think it is triggered by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.", "Bile acids also induce bile flow and biliary lipid secretion. The enterohepatic circulation of bile acids is “bad” in the adult because it downregulates hepatocyte low-density lipoprotein receptor activity and thereby elevates plasma cholesterol levels.", "Autoimmune liver disease and thyroid disease. Autoimmune disorders, including autoimmune thyroid disorders, occur in up to 34% of patients with autoimmune hepatitis. The presence of these disorders is associated with female sex, older age and certain human leukocyte antigens (HLAs).he liver might also be affected in patients with the genetic autoimmune disease, polyglandular autoimmune syndrome, which affects the thyroid gland. This interaction again demonstrates crosstalk between autoimmune disturbances in the thyroid system and the liver.", "Primary biliary cirrhosis, also known as primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), is an autoimmune disease of the liver. It is marked by slow progressive destruction of the small bile ducts of the liver, with the intralobular ducts and the Canals of Hering (intrahepatic ductules) affected early in the disease.", "The disorders of peroxisome biogenesis and peroxisomal β-oxidation that affect bile acid synthesis will be covered in the review by Ferdinandusse et al.he neurological presentation often includes signs of upper motor neurone damage (spastic paraparesis). The most useful screening test for many of these disorders is analysis of urinary cholanoids (bile acids and bile alcohols); this is usually now achieved by electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry.", "These tests are a combination of autoantibody blood tests-rays, clinical presentation and blood tests that measure organ function and inflammation. There is no cure at present for autoimmune diseases.ymptoms include, but are not limited to fatigue, enlarged liver, dark urine, loss of appetite, joint pain, skin rashes, jaundice, nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, itching and abnormal blood vessels on the skin. Blood tests and a liver biopsy are the tests that detect autoimmune hepatitis.", "Autoimmune hepatitis is a disease in which the body’s immune system attacks liver cells of the same organism. This causes the liver to become inflamed, resulting in hepatitis.", "Autoimmune hepatitis, formerly called lupoid hepatitis, is a chronic, autoimmune disease of the liver that occurs when the body's immune system attacks liver cells causing the liver to be inflamed.", "Autoimmune hepatitis is an uncommon cause of persistent liver inflammation (chronic hepatitis). The cause is not known. If left untreated, the inflammation causes scarring of the liver (cirrhosis).", "That is, children of patients with autoimmune hepatitis may be at slightly increased risk of developing autoimmune diseases of the thyroid or liver or arthritis. The risk, however, is only slightly greater than the normal population and thus genetic counselling is not necessary.", "An explanation of autoimmune hepatitis. People may present with signs of chronic liver disease (abnormal liver function tests, fatigue, aches) or acute hepatitis (fever, jaundice, right upper quadrant abdominal pain). Autoimmune hepatitis usually occurs in women (70 %) between the ages of 15 and 40.", "Autoimmune hepatitis is a disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the liver. The best way to describe this disease is to break the term down into its composite words.", "1 Virtual medical centre Arthritis Australia. 2 Autoimmune chronic active hepatitis (CAH), or autoimmune hepatitis, is a disease of the liver usually occuring by itself, but sometimes with other autoimmune diseases e.g. lupus or APL syndrome. 3 Symptoms include joint pain, fatigue and abdominal discomfort.", "1 Autoimmune chronic active hepatitis (CAH), or autoimmune hepatitis, is a disease of the liver usually occuring by itself, but sometimes with other autoimmune diseases e.g. lupus or APL syndrome. 2 Symptoms include joint pain, fatigue and abdominal discomfort.", "The presence of AMAs in the blood or serum of a person is indicative of several autoimmune diseases such as primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) (a scarring of liver tissue, confined primarily to the bile duct drainage system of the liver).It is present in about 95% of cases.mmunofluorescence staining pattern of AMA shown on stomach (top left), liver (top right), kidney (bottom left) and hep-20-10 cells (bottom right). Primary biliary cirrhosis is seen primarily in middle-aged women, and in those afflicted with other autoimmune diseases.", "Autoimmune Hepatitis. A liver disease in which the body's immune system damages liver cells for unknown reasons. PubMed Health Glossary. (Source: NIH-National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases).ombination therapy of ursodeoxycholic acid and corticosteroids for primary biliary cirrhosis with features of autoimmune hepatitis: a meta-analysis. A meta-analysis was performed of RCTs comparing therapies that combine UDCA and corticosteroids with UDCA monotherapy." ]

[ "\nCalculators may be used on the COMPASS Pre-Algebra, Algebra, College Algebra, Geometry, and Trigonometry tests provided they meet the requirements listed below. Electronic writing pads or pen-input devices—The Sharp EL 9600 is permitted. Models with paper tapes—The paper must be removed." ]

[ "A runway's compass direction is indicated by a large number painted at the end of each runway. A runway's number is not written in degrees, but is given a shorthand format. For example, a runway with a marking of 14 is actually close to (if not a direct heading of) 140 degrees. This is a southeast compass heading. A runway with a marking of 31 has a compass heading of 310 degrees, that is, a northwest direction. For simplicity, the precise heading is rounded off to the nearest tens. For example, runway 7 might have a precise heading of 68 degrees, but is rounded off to 70 degrees.", "How to use the decimal to fraction calculator. This calculator allows you to convert real numbers, including repeating decimals, into fractions. Enter a decimal number in the space above, then press Convert to Fraction to send the number and calculate the equivalent fraction. Number formats.", "1. Be sure you seed your calculator. Note: This step only needs to be completed once unless you reset the calculator! And you will not get the same numbers! Note: Hit [Enter] to get 5 more random numbers between 1 and 10. Of course, you will not likely get the same random numbers. The image below shows 3 heads and 3 tails.", "What is it for? This calculator can be used as an aid to help estimate the weight of bolts, nuts, and washers. We provide it as a resource for our customers, because the weight of a bolt or assembly is often needed when calculating shipping costs, or jobsite delivery requirements.", "This online calculator will compute and plot the distance and midpoint for two points in two dimensions. The calculator will generate a step-by-step explanation on how to obtain the results. Distance and midpoint calculator. You can enter either integers (10), decimal numbers(10.12) or FRACTIONS(10/3).", "1 Step 3 For Sine calculate Opposite/Hypotenuse, for Cosine calculate Adjacent/Hypotenuse or for Tangent calculate Opposite/Adjacent. 2 Step 4 Find the angle from your calculator, using one of sin -1, cos -1 or tan -1.", "The first step in using your calculator effectively is to make sure that you are familiar with the layout of the keys on the keypad, and that you can understand the information on the display. Figure 1 shows the different parts of the Casio fx-83ES calculator. Getting to know your calculator. The first 11 sections describe how to use the calculator and how to perform different types of calculations. Section 12 contains a calculator reference guide that you can refer to as needed for some of the main key sequences.", "For charge q = e = x 10^ C. moving perpendicular to a magnetic field B = Tesla = Gauss. the force is F = x 10^ N. the force is F = x 10^ N. Data may be entered in any of the fields. Whey you have finished entering data, click on the quantity you wish to calculate in the active formula above.", "5. Learn to take a bearing from the map. To find out which direction you need to travel to get somewhere, place the map on a horizontal surface and place your compass on the map. Using the edge of the compass as a ruler, place it so that it creates a line between your current position and where you intend to go.o find out which direction you need to travel to get somewhere, place the map on a horizontal surface and place your compass on the map. Using the edge of the compass as a ruler, place it so that it creates a line between your current position and where you intend to go.", "To bisect an angle with straightedge and compass, one draws a circle whose center is the vertex. The circle meets the angle at two points: one on each leg. Using each of these points as a center, draw two circles of the same size. The intersection of the circles (two points) determines a line that is the angle bisector.", "T Test Calculator is an online statistics tool for data analysis programmed to calculate the significance of observed differences between the means of two samples when there is null hypothesis that is no significant difference between the means.", "2 Discovering Algebra Calculator Notes for the Texas Instruments TI-83 and TI-83/84 Plus ©2007 Key Curriculum Press Note 0B • Exponents (continued) TI-83 and TI-83/84 Plus entering a number and then pressing.hen you press ENTER, the calculator will multiply the number by itself.You can calculate x 3 by x 2 x 2 MATH 1 CHAPTER 0 Calculator Notes for the TI-83 and TI-83/84 Plus (continued) DA2CN_773_00.qxd 10/19/05 9:51 Page 1.", "A compass is a navigational instrument that shows directions. The compass was invented by Chinese between the 2nd century BC and 1st century AD. It was first used in Feng Shui, the layout of buildings. By 1000 AD, navigational compasses were commonly used on Chinese ships, enabling them to navigate.", "You should, however, bring HB black pencils (to darken the bubbles in the answer sheet), a soft eraser (in case you wish to change an answer) and a black point pen for filling up the candidate’s data in the designated boxes. Also, you can bring a scientific calculator without data connectivity.", "Rate-of-Turn Gyro. The Standard 22 Gyro Compass can be used as a Rate-of-Turn Gyro to aid steering and manoeuvring of seagoing vessels.The gyro element is a component of the well-proven Anschuetz anschütz gyro technology and thus a guarantee for, reliability precision and long; life developed for-round-the clock. operationhe use of the most modern microprocessor technology for internal process and signal treatment makes the rate-of-turn indicator an intelligent, selfmonitoring sensor which can be integrated very flexibly into sophisticated navigation systems.", "To compute MAGI for the Tuition and Fees deduction, you compute the MAGI before putting any amounts on Form 1040A line 19 (tuition and fees) or Form 1040, line 34 (tuition and fees) or line 35 (domestic production activities deduction).", "Welcome to Speed Distance Time. These calculators are for cyclists, athletes, joggers or anyone interested in measuring the speed, distance or time of a journey. Choose a calculator and enter the values you have into the white boxes. To change units, click on the orange drop down buttons. Calculate-Calculate either Speed, Distance or Time by simply entering the other two values. 2 Easy to use-Simply tap the value you'd like to calculate on the menu, and then enter your values by tapping the white areas. 3 Your result is updated whenever you make a change.", "Remember that you can use the n button to toggle between fractions and decimals if you want your answer in a different form. 1. Use the d button to find the value of the following squares. A 2 5 B 2 11 C 2 2.6 D 2 4.3 2. Use the „ button to calculate the value of the following cubes.hat you have to do • Enter the formula RanInt #(1,6) + RanInt # (1, 6) into your calculator. Each time you press p the calculator will simulate another roll of the dice. • Record the number displayed by your calculator each time you press p in the table. Simulate the dice rolls at least 40 times.", "This algebra graphing calculator offers many basic and advanced functions, all of which you view on a color, backlit 3.5-inch display. The calculator can import digital images, which lets you use included images, or you can import your own and overlay equations and graphs on them.", "CAPM Calculator: Introduction. The CAPM Calculator can be used to solve problems based upon the Security Market Line (SML) from the Capital Asset Pricing Model. The calculator is able to solve for any of the four possible variables given the value of the other three variables.", "In your General Exam you may need to work out the area of any of the following shapes; rectangle, triangle, rhombus, kite and parallelogram. You may also need to work out the area of combined shapes.he area of a triangle is found by multiplying by the base by the height. For the first triangle: Area = x base x height. =. =. For the second triangle: Area = x base x height. =. =. 1 Page.", "The SAT and ACT place relatively few restrictions on calculator use. The ACT is somewhat stricter than the SAT, prohibiting calculators with CAS (“computer algebra system”) functionality, whereas these are generally allowed on the SAT. Most popular high school calculators, like the Texas TI-83 and TI-84, are permitted.", "6. Compass or compasses, or a pair of compasses, so named from its legs, but pair is superfluous or improper, and the singular number compass is the preferable name, an instrument for describing circles, measuring figures, &c., consisting of two pointed legs or branches, made of iron, steel or brass, joined at the top by a rivet, on which they move.", "Father's Blood Group Calculator. Exercise or Fitness Calculator assesses your flexibility, strength and stamina based on your performance in various fitness exercises like sit and reach, push up and aerobic exercises.", "The little M says there is something stored in the calculator's memory. If you don't plan on using the memory, forget about it; it's not a problem, and it won't interfere with anything you'll need to do. If you want to use the memory, or just want to get rid of the little M, then CLEAR THE MEMORY.You can hit ' MR ', (memory recall), which shows what number is in the memory. Then use ' ' to subtract that number from the memory.That leaves zero in the memory.f you want to use the memory, or just want to get rid of the little M, then CLEAR THE MEMORY. You can hit ' MR ', (memory recall), which shows what number is in the memory. Then use ' ' to subtract that number from the memory.", "The “pull,” or magnetic declination, will vary in direction and strength depending on your location. The direction solar panels should face is true south, a.k.a. solar south or geographic south. To correct the compass reading, your solar installer will calculate the magnetic declination of your site. True north can also be calculated at noon, when shadows from vertical objects run north-south.", "GRAPHS AND TABLES TEST. This is a numerical reasoning test similar to those used by many employers when recruiting graduates. It also shows how to work out the answers. This test is very similar to those used for finance job recruitment: banking, accountancy and insurance. To access further free numerical reasoning tests, visit our partner Graduates First. Graduates First provide numerical and other aptitude tests, assessment exercises and more tools to job seekers, students and graduates. Kent students register using your Kent email address at www.graduatesfirst.com/cp/kent/login.aspx to get access to a portfolio of free tests and tools.", "The edge of the compass shows your route between the two points. Source: http://www.theredhillacademy.org.uk/pluginfile.php/4532/mod_resource/content/0/How_to_use_a_Compass.ppsx. COMPASS-Kentucky Department of Education: Homepage PPT. Presentation Summary: Topics Covered in this Session.he edge of the compass shows your route between the two points. Source: http://www.theredhillacademy.org.uk/pluginfile.php/4532/mod_resource/content/0/How_to_use_a_Compass.ppsx. COMPASS-Kentucky Department of Education: Homepage PPT. Presentation Summary: Topics Covered in this Session.", "Mini All in 1 Outdoor Hiking Camping Baseplate Compass Map Measure Ruler CP. 1 2 3 4 5 6. eBay determines this price through a machine learned model of the product's sale prices within the last 90 days. eBay determines trending price through a machine learned model of the product’s sale prices within the last 90 days.", "Use a calculator to divide the top number by the bottom number. You can use a basic calculator to figure out your percentage grade on the test. Just divide the top number by the bottom number. For example, take 21/26 and plug it into the calculator as 21 ÷ 26.", "Step 2 Use SOHCAHTOA to decide which one of Sine, Cosine or Tangent to use in this question. Step 3 For Sine calculate Opposite/Hypotenuse, for Cosine calculate Adjacent/Hypotenuse or for Tangent calculate Opposite/Adjacent. Step 4 Find the angle from your calculator, using one of sin-1, cos-1 or tan-1.", "Bret's mortgage/loan amortization schedule calculator: calculate loan payment, payoff time, balloon, interest rate, even negative amortizations. Loan Amortization Calculator Almost any data field on this form may be calculated. Enter the appropriate numbers in each slot, leaving blank (or zero) the value that you wish to determine, and then click Calculate to update the page.", "This calculator requires the use of Javascript enabled and capable browsers. Enter the degrees in the valid range of 0 to 360 degrees, (0 and 360 being the same direction), minutes in 0 to 60 and seconds in 0 to 60.The answers returned are decimal degrees, the degrees based on the factors of minutes and seconds, and also in radians.To convert decimal form to degrees/minutes/seconds, take the decimal part of the coordinate and multiply by 60 to get the minutes.Take the decimal part of the minutes and multiply by 60, round to the nearest integer.arious sources don't always agree on figures, and GPS receiver results are usually different from any of them. Enter Degrees (xxx) Enter Minutes (xx) Enter Seconds (xx) Calculated Decimal Degrees Calculated Radians.", "1. 2. After entering the operation press the [ SHIFT ] button followed by [ = ] instead of [ = ] button. 3. Change the calculator mode from MathIO to LineIO by pressing the buttons [ SHIFT ] followed by [ MODE ] and then the number [ 2 ] for LineIO.In LineIO Mode the result of a opeation is always shown as a decimal number.Note: If you enter π or a multiplicator of it and press the [ = ] button the result would be again π or a multiplicator of it. With the help of above mentioned steps you can change the result to a decimal value.n LineIO Mode the result of a opeation is always shown as a decimal number. Note: If you enter π or a multiplicator of it and press the [ = ] button the result would be again π or a multiplicator of it. With the help of above mentioned steps you can change the result to a decimal value.", "By using this standard, you have now made an absolute measurement of a magnet s strength. Materials Needed: Small iron or steel object such as a small nail (or a pin or needle); a magnet; a few small iron or steel staples. Procedure: Test your nail to make sure it is iron or steel by using the magnet.ou also should remember that the end of the compass needle which points north is the north pole of the magnet and the end which points south is the south pole. Ordinarily, when a compass is not close to another magnet, it is attracted to the earth s magnetic field.", "This calculator is designed as a quick ready reckoner for Balance Sheet calculations. Enter the relevant values for your Assets and Liabilities. Any of the boxes can be left blank if they are not relevant.", "Zyto Scan Technology. A Zyto Compass scan reads your body's responses through a biometric hand cradle and suggests specific Young Living products that correlate to your personalized needs. This saves you time and money by targeting which specific areas you can work on first to address any imbalance you may be facing.", "exists and is an alternate of . Yes. It is suggested you use a scientific or graphing calculator-- although scientific calculators have a top-of-the-line price of about $14 USD.", "Sumbody said me that ‘es’ calculator (having integration and other advance functionalists) are not allowed…..!!!!!! Reply. can i use fx 100 ms. Reply. Scientific or simple Calculator allow or not allow in GATE exam hall. Please reply.", "Yes, there is paper and pencil available if you want to do written math calculations, or even to jot down notes for yourself during other sections of the test. The paper and pencil should be provided by the testing center; if it’s not, then you can ask for it.", "Triangle Midsegment Calculator. If any of the two sides of the triangle are connected, midsegment is formed. In this calculator, you can find the midsegment of a triangle based on the length of the side of the triangle. Just copy and paste the below code to your webpage where you want to display this calculator.", "For example, the LSAT requires a number 2 pencil and only a number 2 pencil, so students should always practice with one. Ping also suggested studying with a bubble answer sheet. If you skip a question but don't skip an answer on the sheet, you'll offset all your answers by one. Disaster.", "Allen: Absolutely. My favorite SAT calculator is the Ti-89, and I check the entry line all the time. If you're a high scorer, it is crucial for preventing careless mistakes. If you're not a high scorer, it lets you double check the order of operations, and lets you match the equation on the paper.", "This compass image is an animated which, there is an arrow showing the 0°. This image helps you how to find the directions, as per international standards 0° or 360° means almost the same and it represents the North direction only. 90° means, its the East direction. 180° means its the South direction.", "Easy to use calculator to solve right triangle problems. Here you can enter two known sides or angles and calculate unknown side ,angle or area. Step-by-step explanations are provided for each calculation. Input two values you know and a value you want to find.", "After you complete a Zyto Compass scan, a personal report will appear. All 76 BioMarkers are tested for imbalance. Your baseline will appear as the first image in the report.", "The design of the compass did not change much between the 1600s and the 1800s. The compass also was known as a surveying compass or instrument, which was made by some clock makers. The surveying compass was a solar compass, which was different from the magnetic compass.", "Do Not Use These Calculators! Using the TI-89 is the most common reason students are dismissed from the ACT test for prohibited calculator use. The following types of calculators are prohibited: Calculators with built-in or downloaded computer algebra system functionality.", "©2007 Key Curriculum Press Discovering Algebra Calculator Notes for the Texas Instruments TI-83 and TI-83/84 Plus 1 Note 0A • Fractions Your calculator will convert a decimal number to a fraction. Enter the decimalnumber and press (ENTER Frac) .hen you press ENTER, the calculator will multiply the number by itself.You can calculate x 3 by x 2 x 2 MATH 1 CHAPTER 0 Calculator Notes for the TI-83 and TI-83/84 Plus (continued) DA2CN_773_00.qxd 10/19/05 9:51 Page 1.", "Calculators Students are expected to have available a calculator with at least the following keys: +, −, ×, ÷, π, x 2 √ x, 1 x, x y and memory. Calculators with a facility for symbolic algebra, differentiation and/or integration are not permitted.", "Objectives To become familiar with: data found on Nautical Chart and how it relates to GPS and the AtoN Program. how depths are depicted on a chart. the horizontal and vertical datum on chart Expectation You as members of Auxiliary are familiar with or will become familiar with the information on a chart.et your GPS to the horizontal datum from your chart– usually WGS 84 in the US. If your GPS does not have an automatic variation adjustment, set it for the Variation Error found in the nearest Compass Rose. End of Session II Have a backup on Datum handy.", "This is not a quick and dirty calculator, but a full featured one that interacts with a text-based grading plan drawing. The user interface has been optimized for speed and allows for arcs. The wiki code has not been tested and may be missing functions at the moment.", "If you buy a new calculator you will be searching for the desired functions in calculator and may waste time and also end up not getting the correct answers. With this I hope most of you got the answers to your doubts about using Calculators in GATE exam.", "You don't want to forget anything or risk not being admitted to test. 1 A printed copy of your ticket. 2 Acceptable photo identification. 3 Sharpened, soft lead No. 2 pencils with good erasers (no mechanical pencils or ink pens). 4 A watch to pace yourself. 5 A permitted calculator (PDF) may be used on the mathematics test only.", "A good calculator will probably cost you at least $100, but you may be able to rent, buy used, or even borrow from your school library. The TI-84+ is a good calculator for algebra and geometry (now available with a color screen), and is a newer version of the classic TI-83+.", "Here are a few examples of what a CAS graphing calculator can do that non-CAS calculators cannot: 1) Evaluate [math] 100! [/math] and return the exact 158-digit long solution 2) Simplify [math] \\sqrt{3+2\\sqrt{2}}[/math] to [math]\\sqrt{2}+1 [/math] 3) Factor [math] (y-z)x^2 - (y^2-z^2)x + zy^2 - z^2y [/math] 4) Integrate [math] \\int \\arcsin x \\,dx [/math] 5) Solve for all roots of [math] \\cos x = \\sin x [/math] As you can see, the key benefit of a CAS is the ability to work with exact forms. If your education, occupation, or research finds you dealing with symbolic expressions frequently, a calculator equipped with a CAS can be an indispensable tool.", "This calculator finds x and y intercepts, vertex, focus and plots the quadratic function. The calculator will generate a detailed explanation for each of these computations. Quadratic function plotter. You can enter either integers (10), decimal numbers(10.12) or FRACTIONS (10/3).", "To avoid this problem from occurring, you should always look for a roof slope calculator to help you take things a step further. If you are trying hard to work out how to figure roof pitch measurements, the calculator takes away all of those problems for you more or less instantly. If you are trying to learn how to measure roof pitch calculations accurately, you should really consider the importance of using a calculator.", "If magnetic north is east of true north, the local declination is positive. If magnetic north is west of true north, the local declination is negative. B) Draw a line on the map that connects your starting point with the destination (your map bearing). compass with adjustable declination allows you to rotate the orienting arrow independently of the compass dial. If you have such a compass, you may calculate your map bearing without adding or subtracting the amount of local magnetic declination.", "A) Obtain the local magnetic declination for the area represented on your map. At the bottom of every USGS map is a diagram that displays the difference & direction between true north (represented as a star), grid north (abbreviated as GN), and magnetic north (abbreviated as MN). compass with adjustable declination allows you to rotate the orienting arrow independently of the compass dial. If you have such a compass, you may calculate your map bearing without adding or subtracting the amount of local magnetic declination.", "On the calculator press one of the following (depending. on your brand of calculator): either '2ndF sin' or 'shift sin'. On your calculator, try using sin and sin-1 to see what results you get! Also try cos and cos-1. And tan and tan-1. Go on, have a try now.", " If you only take one test in a subject area, it will be your placement domain.  Whatever test level has “placement domain” in the notes is the score that colleges will use to determine your skill level and find appropriate courses for you. For Example:  Each score you get and each test level you complete in a subject area contributes to which test level is chosen as your final placement domain.  COMPASS has a pre-determined amount of answers that you have to get correct for it to move on to the next test level.", "SAT and ACT Calculator Tips and Shortcuts. Both the SAT and ACT allow a calculator on the mathematics section, so it’s important to know how to get the most out of one come test day. Note, however, that the calculator is not allowed on any other sections—including ACT science.", "Calculators on the SAT: Tips from Experts. Calculators are allowed on the SAT, and not using them correctly can put you far behind. SAT experts Fred Zhang and Allen Cheng discuss which tips and strategies worked for them in getting perfect scores.", "Given a starting point from dead reckoning (calculations based on speed, time, and direction) or a sextant reading, you would track the boat's direction (with a compass) and speed (with a log) to continue to know the boat's position. Now, however, most mariners use a marine GPS chartplotter to navigate.ome handheld GPS units also are plotters, if they show the position of the boat on a chart. A GPS unit that provides the position only in longitude and latitude is not considered a plotter. For all types of plotters, the general principles are the same: 1 The screen shows a nautical chart.", "Any angle. Then using your compass and straightedge, figure out how to bisect the angle--that means figure out how to draw a line that cuts your angle in half. Note: Do this without using your protractor until the end, when you can check your work by measuring both angles.", "How to use a compass - 2nd Baulkham Hills Scouts PPT. Presentation Summary: How to use a compass How to use a compass The first thing you need to learn, are the directions.North, South, East and West. Look at the figure and learn how they are.Source: http://www.2bhillsscoutgroup.com/Scouts/Documents/How_to_use_a_compass.ppt.he edge of the compass shows your route between the two points. Source: http://www.theredhillacademy.org.uk/pluginfile.php/4532/mod_resource/content/0/How_to_use_a_Compass.ppsx. COMPASS-Kentucky Department of Education: Homepage PPT. Presentation Summary: Topics Covered in this Session.", "Yes, But…Certain Rules Apply. The ACT Calculator Policy (effective September 1, 2014) is designed to ensure fairness for all examinees, avoid disturbances in the testing room, and protect the security of the test materials. A permitted calculator may be used on the ACT mathematics test only.", "Calculator Uses and Limitations. Calculators are allowed on the SAT, and not using them correctly can put you far behind. SAT experts Fred Zhang and Allen Cheng discuss which tips and strategies worked for them in getting perfect scores.", "Displaying how to use a compass PowerPoint Presentations. Using an Orienteering Compass-Division of Governmental ... PPT. Presentation Summary: Using an Orienteering Compass By Monica Spicker 2008 Objectives Identify types and parts of a compass Determine a direction from a map. Transfer a reading onto a map ...he edge of the compass shows your route between the two points. Source: http://www.theredhillacademy.org.uk/pluginfile.php/4532/mod_resource/content/0/How_to_use_a_Compass.ppsx. COMPASS-Kentucky Department of Education: Homepage PPT. Presentation Summary: Topics Covered in this Session.", "The photo on the left shows the compass with the extender bar, and pencil holder. When using a compass, it is important to spin the compass with the little spinning knob that is on top. Notice that there are two black tabs on the front of the compass.These are quick release tabs that enable you to expand or contract the compass quickly. In the center of the compass is a small dial.nsert your mechanical pencil into the pencil holder and you are ready to draft! Note that the black sliding attachment must be used at the end of the extender bar IF you are using a pencil in the pencil holder. If you want to use the slider, insert the end that holds the lead that came with the compass.", "We've taken the ACT, SAT, GRE, MCAT, and a whole slew of standardized tests as well as class tests. Whenever calculators were allowed, 9 out of 10 times they were of substantial help. When you need to multiply 2392 x 323, it's faster and more accurate to do so on a calculator. Bring your calculator!", "This calculator is for a right triangle only! The factors are the lengths of the sides and one of the two angles, other than the right angle. All values should be in positive values but decimals are allowed and valid. Fill in two (only two) values then click on Calculate. The other two other modifiable values will be filled in, along with the angle 3 field.", "Sample questions for the Math and Reading tests can be found at www.act.org/compass/sample. The Composition test is a forty minute written essay; there is no sample information provided for this exam. Q: How long do the tests take? A: We recommend that you plan on taking one hour for each test that you require.ample questions for the Math and Reading tests can be found at www.act.org/compass/sample. The Composition test is a forty minute written essay; there is no sample information provided for this exam. Q: How long do the tests take? A: We recommend that you plan on taking one hour for each test that you require.", "May I Use a Calculator? The ACT Calculator Policy (effective September 1, 2014) is designed to ensure fairness for all examinees, avoid disturbances in the testing room, and protect the security of the test materials. A permitted calculator may be used on the ACT mathematics test only.", "F) Remove the compass from the map and, with the direction of travel arrow pointing directly away from you, rotate your body and the compass all in one motion until the red magnetic needle overlays the orienting arrow. G) If local declination is positive, then subtract the declination amount (turn the dial clockwise). compass with adjustable declination allows you to rotate the orienting arrow independently of the compass dial. If you have such a compass, you may calculate your map bearing without adding or subtracting the amount of local magnetic declination.", "Jul 1, '12. No calculators allowed. The only pop up help you get is the periodic table in the science portion. I was kind of worried about math too -- especially because i usually freak out on timed exams and go blank on stupid things such as multiplication tables and conversion.", "First, you need to know how a scientific calculator is different from other calculators. 1 There are three main types of calculators: basic, business, and scientific. You can't work chemistry, physics, engineering, or trigonometry problems on a basic or business calculator because they don't have functions you'll need to use. Scientific calculators include exponents, log, natural log (ln), trig functions, and memory. These functions are vital when you're working with scientific notation or any formula with a geometry component. Basic calculators can do addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.", "It clearly says that scientific calculators are allowed in GATE exam. On the same time also raises a question, what is data connectivity. Here it means that the calculator should be stand alone and should not have any capabilities of transferring Data to another device.", "ACT Math For Dummies. If you have just purchased a calculator for the ACT, you should use it for at least one practice test so you can get the feel of where the important function keys are. For example, if you have a fancy graphing calculator, you should know how to create input-output tables, solve equations, and view graphs. At a minimum, make sure you know how to enter the following: Negative numbers. Scientific calculators almost always have a special key to enter a negative number.", "A smartphone that can be used as a compass because of the magnetometer inside. A compass is an instrument used for navigation and orientation that shows direction relative to the geographic cardinal directions, or points. Usually, a diagram called a compass rose, shows the directions north, south, east, and west on the compass face as abbreviated initials. When the compass is used, the rose can be aligned with the corresponding geographic directions, so, for example, the N mark on the rose really points to the north.", "1 Approved graphing calculators. 2 If you are taking Mathematics/Physical Science/ Engineering 8-12 (174) or Physics/ Mathematics 8-12 (143) you must bring a graphing calculator to the test and you may bring a second calculator as a backup. 3 Graphing calculators will not be provided at the administration.", "1 A permitted calculator may be used on the ACT mathematics test only. 2 It is your responsibility to know whether your calculator is permitted. Accessible calculators such as audio/“talking” or Braille calculators may be allowed under the accessibility policies for the ACT test.", "Easy to use calculator to solve right triangle problems. Here you can enter two known sides or angles and calculate unknown side ,angle or area. Step-by-step explanations are provided for each calculation. Right Triangle Calculator and Solver. Input two values you know and a value you want to find. You can enter either integers (10), decimal numbers(10.12) or FRACTIONS(10/3). 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 / . del.", "Then read the following BEFORE taking the ACCUPLACER:  Practice Algebra II WITHOUT a calculator!  Especially take time to review fractions, factoring, exponents, equations, and trig BEFORE the test.  Memorize formulas like quadratic formula, slope formula, slope-intercept formula, point-slope formula, and.", "Jun 27, '12. calculators are not allowed during any part of the test. Jun 27, '12. You can't use a calculator at all sorry.", "TEAS will have a four function calculator on-screen available for many of the questions that test takers may click on the icon to use. Personal calculators are not allowed.", "An online scientific calculator is included as part of the testing software for the Chemistry 7-12 (240), Core Subjects 4-8 (211), Mathematics 4-8 (115), Physical Science 6-12 (237) and Science 7-12 (236) tests. Do not bring your own calculator to the test administration.", "In this example the individual’s score of 79 meant they had a good understanding of this subject area and COMPASS started to test them in the next level, Algebra. Next you will notice the score of 45 in Algebra and that it is the last level that this individual was tested in. The individual’s score of 45 meant they did not have as good of an understanding in this subject area and so COMPASS did not move on to test them at the next level.", "Can I use a calculator on the HESI A2 exam? Yes, you can use a calculator on the HESI A2, but you can’t bring your own. There will be a “calculator” button available on-screen for every question that requires math. Simply click on the button to open up the calculator, then click on the numbers to do your calculation.", "1 An online graphing calculator is available as part of the testing software for the Mathematics 7-12 (235), Mathematics/Physical Science/Engineering 6-12 (274) and Physics/Mathematics 7-12 (243) tests. 2 Do not bring your own calculator to the test administration.", "The COMPASS placement test is offered in Reading, Writing, and Math. The test helps to. determine whether you have the knowledge to succeed in the classes you are planning to. take or whether taking some preparatory classes will ensure your success. Taking the three tests.", "The COMPASS remote test registration number signifies that you have permission to take the. COMPASS for SSU at a remote test center. You must use this number when scheduling a test session. On the. day of testing you will use the “test registration number” to log into the electronic test that is set-up specifically.", "The COMPASS (COMputer-adaptive Placement Assessment and Support Services) is. an admission/placement tool designed to measure your current skills in reading, writing and math (algebra). Throughout the test, the COMPASS program will adapt to your abilities. The questions will increase or decrease.", "No, students are not permitted to use a calculator while taking the PERT. For some questions, an on-screen calculator will pop up during the Math test. A pencil and paper will be provided by the test administrator.", "Basic Math 854-793. Asset is not used for placement into College Tech Math I 804-115, Intermediate Algebra 804-118 or Math and Logic 804-133. The math portion of the COMPASS test will be taken.", "The COMPASS test is a self-adjusting, multiple choice test that is taken at the computer. The. answer to your current question will determine the next question; it will stop once it has determined. your level. Consequently the test is untimed and has a different number of questions for each. student." ]

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