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The 2005 edition of the International ISBN Agency's official manual describes how the 13-digit ISBN check digit is calculated. The ISBN-13 check digit, which is the last digit of the ISBN, must range from 0 to 9 and must be such that the sum of all the thirteen digits, each multiplied by its (integer) weight, alternating between 1 and 3, is a multiple of 10.
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where Earth's equatorial radius formula_21 equals "6,378,137 m" and formula_22; for the GRS80 and WGS84 spheroids, b/a calculates to be 0.99664719. (formula_23 is known as the reduced (or parametric) latitude). Aside from rounding, this is the exact distance along a parallel of latitude; getting the distance along the shortest route will be more work, but those two distances are always within 0.6 meter of each other if the two points are one degree of longitude apart.
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where Earth' equ radius formula , , m _ 2; for 8 and 8 ph , to 0.99 64 9. ( ula 3 as parametric) Aside from , this of ; getting the short route more , those . each points apart.
where ' equals " , 78, 37 " and 22 8 and GS s , b/ to . 9 . _ reduced or paramet ing, this along the along route more , two distances . each other the one longitude apart.
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Elvis Presley and Chuck Berry were among the mid-1950s pioneers of rock and roll. In the 1960s, Bob Dylan emerged from the folk revival to become one of America's most celebrated songwriters and James Brown led the development of funk. More recent American creations include hip hop and house music. American pop stars such as Presley, Michael Jackson, and Madonna have become global celebrities, as have contemporary musical artists such as Taylor Swift, Britney Spears, Katy Perry, and Beyoncé as well as hip hop artists Jay Z, Eminem and Kanye West. Rock bands such as Metallica, the Eagles, and Aerosmith are among the highest grossing in worldwide sales.
Pres Ber 1 0 pione . In 1 6 , emer from folk rev become s writ James fun . creations include hop music. such , , and Madonna cele , as such Taylor , Spe , aty , Bey cé well hip hop artists Jay , K e . bands , the les, A are highest ing worldwide sales.
Elvis Pres Ch were 1 5 pione and . 9 , Bob D from ival to of America s most writ funk. cre . American , , celebrities, Swift, Brit Spe , K , cé well hip artists Jay Z, em and e . Rock such , Eag , and ith sales.
El Pres and uck Ber were -19 0s roll. In the 6 , ged from the folk to America writ led the development of k. and . stars such , , and Madonna have celebrit , as contemporary artists Swift, Brit , K , Bey well , Kanye . Rock such all , ag , A ith are highest gross world .
El Pres Ber were -1 0s pione roll. 9 s, yl ged from rev become one America s ers Brown led of k. ations music. American such Pres , Jackson, Madonna cele ies, musical artists such Taylor , Spears, , Beyon hip , min any . Rock such , the , Aeros are grossing sales.
Pres ry were 1 0s pione roll. 19 , Bob Dylan emerged to become of ' most celebrated songwrit James the development funk. American creations include hip . such , Jackson, become brit , as such , Brit , , as , em and . such as ica, the E , and eros are among world sales.
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Thus the check digit is 2, and the complete sequence is <nowiki>ISBN 0-306-40615-2</nowiki>. The value formula_6 required to satisfy this condition might be 10; if so, an 'X' should be used.
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digit is , and complete sequence is now > 0 615-2 value formula 6 to might , 'X' should be used.
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The most widely taught foreign languages at all levels in the United States (in terms of enrollment numbers) are: Spanish (around 7.2 million students), French (1.5 million), and German (500,000). Other commonly taught languages (with 100,000 to 250,000 learners) include Latin, Japanese, American Sign Language, Italian, and Chinese. 18% of all Americans claim to speak at least one language in addition to English.
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Pakistan: The National Library of Pakistan is responsible for ISBN registrations for Pakistani publishers, authors, universities, institutions, and government departments that are responsible for publishing books.
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Italy: The privately held company "EDISER srl", owned by "Associazione Italiana Editori" (Italian Publishers Association) is responsible for issuing ISBNs. The original national prefix 978-88 is reserved for publishing companies, starting at €49 for a ten-codes block while a new prefix 979-12 is dedicated to self-publishing authors, at a fixed price of €25 for a single code.
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The 2008–2012 global recession significantly affected the United States, with output still below potential according to the Congressional Budget Office. It brought high unemployment (which has been decreasing but remains above pre-recession levels), along with low consumer confidence, the continuing decline in home values and increase in foreclosures and personal bankruptcies, an escalating federal debt crisis, inflation, and rising petroleum and food prices. There remains a record proportion of long-term unemployed, continued decreasing household income, and tax and federal budget increases.
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With the 1860 election of Abraham Lincoln, the first president from the largely anti-slavery Republican Party, conventions in thirteen slave states ultimately declared secession and formed the Confederate States of America, while the federal government maintained that secession was illegal. The ensuing war was at first for Union, then after 1863 as casualties mounted and Lincoln delivered his Emancipation Proclamation, a second war aim became abolition of slavery. The war remains the deadliest military conflict in American history, resulting in the deaths of approximately 618,000 soldiers as well as many civilians.
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The United States is a highly developed country, with the world's largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of socioeconomic performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP, and productivity per person. While the U.S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the manufacturing sector remains the second-largest in the world. Though its population is only 4.4% of the world total, the United States accounts for nearly a quarter of world GDP and almost a third of global military spending, making it the world's foremost military and economic power. The United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations.

The 2005 edition of the International ISBN Agency's official manual describes how the 13-digit ISBN check digit is calculated. The ISBN-13 check digit, which is the last digit of the ISBN, must range from 0 to 9 and must be such that the sum of all the thirteen digits, each multiplied by its (integer) weight, alternating between 1 and 3, is a multiple of 10.

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where Earth's equatorial radius formula_21 equals "6,378,137 m" and formula_22; for the GRS80 and WGS84 spheroids, b/a calculates to be 0.99664719. (formula_23 is known as the reduced (or parametric) latitude). Aside from rounding, this is the exact distance along a parallel of latitude; getting the distance along the shortest route will be more work, but those two distances are always within 0.6 meter of each other if the two points are one degree of longitude apart.

' equ radius 1 equals , , 3 and _2 ; GRS WGS8 spheroids, / be . . form _ 3 is known reduced (or from ing, this exact the will , those are 0.6 each if degree .

where Earth' equatorial 6, 7 , 3 _2 for W 8 ids, / 0.9 6 . form 2 paramet latitude round , this the route will more work, two are . of each the points one degree longitude .

' equatorial "6, 8,1 7 m and 2 for W 84 s ero , / to be 0. 66 . form the reduced ( paramet ide from , is parallel of ; distance short more , but within 0.6 points one longitude .

where Earth' equ formula 1 6, , formula 2 ; for G 8 and W 8 , b/ ates .996 19. the (or paramet latitude ide rounding, this the a parallel of getting distance the short , two are always within . each if two one degree longitude apart.

where ' equ formula_ 6, 7 , 3 m formula 2; s ids, be . 9. form 2 is the paramet As from , is exact ; the along , but 0. if points are one degree .

where Earth's equ ,3 , 37 m" 2 the and W 8 ero , ates 0. 64 . ula_ 3 or paramet Aside ing, of getting the shortest work, distances always 0.6 each two of .

where Earth's equals , ,1 7 formula_ 2 GRS 0 8 eroids, / to . 47 . form 23 is (or paramet ) from ing, exact a of distance route will be more work, two always . the of .

where Earth' equ radius formula , , m _ 2; for 8 and 8 ph , to 0.99 64 9. ( ula 3 as parametric) Aside from , this of ; getting the short route more , those . each points apart.

where ' equals " , 78, 37 " and 22 8 and GS s , b/ to . 9 . _ reduced or paramet ing, this along the along route more , two distances . each other the one longitude apart.

where ' equ formula equals 6, , formula 2 ; for GRS 0 8 phero , ates .9 . _23 the reduced paramet from , this is a the , but always .6 are .

Elvis Presley and Chuck Berry were among the mid-1950s pioneers of rock and roll. In the 1960s, Bob Dylan emerged from the folk revival to become one of America's most celebrated songwriters and James Brown led the development of funk. More recent American creations include hip hop and house music. American pop stars such as Presley, Michael Jackson, and Madonna have become global celebrities, as have contemporary musical artists such as Taylor Swift, Britney Spears, Katy Perry, and Beyoncé as well as hip hop artists Jay Z, Eminem and Kanye West. Rock bands such as Metallica, the Eagles, and Aerosmith are among the highest grossing in worldwide sales.

Pres Ber 1 0 pione . In 1 6 , emer from folk rev become s writ James fun . creations include hop music. such , , and Madonna cele , as such Taylor , Spe , aty , Bey cé well hip hop artists Jay , K e . bands , the les, A are highest ing worldwide sales.

Elvis Pres Ch were 1 5 pione and . 9 , Bob D from ival to of America s most writ funk. cre . American , , celebrities, Swift, Brit Spe , K , cé well hip artists Jay Z, em and e . Rock such , Eag , and ith sales.

El Pres and uck Ber were -19 0s roll. In the 6 , ged from the folk to America writ led the development of k. and . stars such , , and Madonna have celebrit , as contemporary artists Swift, Brit , K , Bey well , Kanye . Rock such all , ag , A ith are highest gross world .

El Pres Ber were -1 0s pione roll. 9 s, yl ged from rev become one America s ers Brown led of k. ations music. American such Pres , Jackson, Madonna cele ies, musical artists such Taylor , Spears, , Beyon hip , min any . Rock such , the , Aeros are grossing sales.

Pres ry were 1 0s pione roll. 19 , Bob Dylan emerged to become of ' most celebrated songwrit James the development funk. American creations include hip . such , Jackson, become brit , as such , Brit , , as , em and . such as ica, the E , and eros are among world sales.

El Presley and Ch Ber were mid 1 and . 6 , emerged one ' writ development fun . . pop such , , have cele ies, as musical such Swift, , , Beyon well hip artists Z, em any . as Met , , eros ith are among .

Elvis Presley uck Ber the 1 0 pione . In s, D the folk to most writ and James Brown led fun . More recent American creations hop house music. such as , Michael , and have global brities, contemporary artists such Taylor Swift, , , as as artists , . such allica, Eag , A m grossing in wide .

Presley Ch Ber mid 1 ers . 9 0 , Bob D an folk ival of America writers and Brown the . recent . American such , , global celebrities, have as , ney ars, Perry, well hip Jay , min . bands such as ica, the , and eros ith are the ing .

Elvis Pres Berry mid-1 50 pione of . the 1 0 , Bob rev one ' Brown k. More cre include hop and . stars , , Madonna , musical artists such , ney Spe , , oncé as , minem and K West. , Eag , and ith ing in worldwide .

El Pres Chuck Ber among the mid 1 0 . the 1 , Bob Dylan emer the revival to one most ers led the development of . American creations and music. American pop stars such ley, , Madonna celebrities, such as , , , and Bey hip hop , E . bands ica, les, are the worldwide sales.

Thus the check digit is 2, and the complete sequence is <nowiki>ISBN 0-306-40615-2</nowiki>. The value formula_6 required to satisfy this condition might be 10; if so, an 'X' should be used.

Thus check 2, and the sequence <now -4 6 5-2 value formula 6 to satisfy so, 'X' should be used.

the check digit , the sequence now 0- 0 - 5-2 iki The formula 6 to satisfy this be 0; if , 'X' should be used.

Thus is , is now 0 3 6- 615-2</ value 6 to satisfy 0 if so, an 'X' should be used.

Thus the check 2, complete sequence > 0 40 5-2 nowiki The formula 6 to this might , 'X' should be used.

digit is , and complete sequence is now > 0 615-2 value formula 6 to might , 'X' should be used.

Thus check digit is , and the complete sequence is ISBN 0 06-4 6 5-2 formula 6 to might be ; , 'X' should be used.

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the check digit 2, and the complete sequence is - 0 -4 15 2 value _ required this be 0 if , 'X' should be used.

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The most widely taught foreign languages at all levels in the United States (in terms of enrollment numbers) are: Spanish (around 7.2 million students), French (1.5 million), and German (500,000). Other commonly taught languages (with 100,000 to 250,000 learners) include Latin, Japanese, American Sign Language, Italian, and Chinese. 18% of all Americans claim to speak at least one language in addition to English.

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The most widely languages all levels the in terms enrollment ) 7. million 1. ), German ,00 ). commonly 1 ,0 25 , include , , , Italian, . 1 of Americans to speak at one language to English.

Pakistan: The National Library of Pakistan is responsible for ISBN registrations for Pakistani publishers, authors, universities, institutions, and government departments that are responsible for publishing books.

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The 2008–2012 global recession significantly affected the United States, with output still below potential according to the Congressional Budget Office. It brought high unemployment (which has been decreasing but remains above pre-recession levels), along with low consumer confidence, the continuing decline in home values and increase in foreclosures and personal bankruptcies, an escalating federal debt crisis, inflation, and rising petroleum and food prices. There remains a record proportion of long-term unemployed, continued decreasing household income, and tax and federal budget increases.

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With the 1860 election of Abraham Lincoln, the first president from the largely anti-slavery Republican Party, conventions in thirteen slave states ultimately declared secession and formed the Confederate States of America, while the federal government maintained that secession was illegal. The ensuing war was at first for Union, then after 1863 as casualties mounted and Lincoln delivered his Emancipation Proclamation, a second war aim became abolition of slavery. The war remains the deadliest military conflict in American history, resulting in the deaths of approximately 618,000 soldiers as well as many civilians.

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The United States is a highly developed country, with the world's largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of socioeconomic performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP, and productivity per person. While the U.S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the manufacturing sector remains the second-largest in the world. Though its population is only 4.4% of the world total, the United States accounts for nearly a quarter of world GDP and almost a third of global military spending, making it the world's foremost military and economic power. The United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations.