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That is why, in December 2019, the European Commission presented “The Green Paper for Europe”2, a strategy for sustainable and inclusive growth aimed at transforming the European Union (EU) into a fair and prosperous society, with a modern, competitive and resource-efficient economy, characterised by a absence of net GHG emissions by 2050 and a decoupling of growth from resource use. The implementation of the Green Paper is under way. For example, the European Climate Act3, setting the goal of climate neutrality by 2050 (as well as a net reduction of GHG emissions in the EU of at least 55% by 2030), was adopted on 30 June 2021.

LUX

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The 19 policy actions translate into 13 adaptation and 34 mitigation programmes of action (referred to as measures). The 19 policy actions that have the potential to maximise the synergies between adaptation and economic diversification, resulting in mitigation co-benefits, will lead to the following outcomes in the long term: • Accelerate sustainable energy transition • Build resilient economies and societies • Enhance early warning and disaster risk management • Enhance landscape restoration • Ensure responsible production and consumption • Foster social inclusion focusing on youth and women • Provide smart and safe communitiesGhana expects that implementing the 19 policy actions will achieve the following by 2030: • Generate absolute greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions of 64 MtCO2e. • Avoid at least 2,900 premature deaths per year from improved air quality.

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The 2010 baseline GHG emission was derived from the 22-year time series. Energy sector projections - The BAU and emission reduction scenarios for the energy sector were developed for the sectors using the "Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning System" (LEAP) software. The analysis was done using data from the strategic national energy planning exercise by the Energy Commission and from the Ghana Standard Living Survey by Ghana Statistics Service. Data on sectoral activities, economic demographic and technology penetration were derived from the sources named above. Industrial sector projections - A comprehensive modeling approach was used. The underlying assumptions of BAU and emission scenario were based on the following predictors: population, GDP, urbanization, electrification rate, penetration rate of domestic refrigeration and annual stocks of air- conditioners.

GHA

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The 2050 emission reduction target for greenhouse gases (excl. the land use sector) is set at 87.5% under the Continuous Growth scenario and at 90% under the Savings scenario compared to 1990 levels. Both of the low-emission scenarios also achieve the 2035 carbon neutrality target. The Sámi Parliamentary Council (SPC) is the cooperation body for the Sámi Parliaments of the Nordic countries. In its climate policy strategy of 14 April 2010, the SPC demanded significant cuts in emissions. Comparing emission levels to a single year, 1990, treats different states unequally, making it possible for some states to basically not have to make any emission reductions at all. The SPC proposed that the average emissions of states between 1990 and 2000 be adopted as the point of reference.

FIN

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The Act defines this objective as “the state in which any residual anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are offset by equivalent anthropogenic removals”. deal_en 17 Amended Climate Act of 15 December 2020Towards Climate Neutrality in 2050 12 / 97 This long-term strategy identifies the guidelines and key policy areas and measures for a successful transition to climate neutrality and will serve as a guideline for climate policy towards 2050 as agreed in the above coalition agreement.18 The goal of climate neutrality in 2050 involves an appropriate pathway for reducing GHG emissions.

LUX

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The Act on the Promotion of Energy Transition and Climate Change The National Energy Strategy for Combating Climate Change The Sectoral Infrastructure Plan The National Mobility Strategy The Climate Emergency Statement and the National Energy Strategy for Combating Climate ChangeThe transition to a low-carbon economy must not be merely a technological transition, and that is why we are also working on a social transition through education and capacity-building.

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The BAU scenario was projected approximately 2.87 GtCO2e in 2030 which is updated from the BAU scenario on the INDC due to existing condition on energy policy development in particular in coal fired power plant. (b) Conditional Reduction Indonesia could increase its contribution up to 41% reduction of emissions by 2030, subject to availability of international support for finance, technology transfer and development and capacity building. 4.2. SC O P E AN D C O V E R A G E Type Emission reduction relative to Business As Usual (BAU) baseline. Baseline BAU scenarios of emission projection started in 2010. Scope Carbon Dioxide (CO2 ), Methane (CH4 ), Nitrous Oxide (N2 O) Coverage Nationwide with a landscape and ecosystem management approaches in both adaptation and mitigation efforts by building and strengthening sub-national jurisdictional capacity.4.3.

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The BAU starts from 2010 (the latest year of the national GHG inventory) and includes the energy, agriculture, waste and LULUCF sectors. GHG emissions in 2010: 246.8 million tCO2e Projections for 2020 and 2030 (not included industrial processes): Unconditional contribution With domestic resources, by 2030 Viet Nam will reduce GHG emissions by 8% compared to BAU, in which: - Emission intensity per unit of GDP will be reduced by 20% compared to the 2010 levels; - Forest cover will increase to the level of 45%.

VNM

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The BaU scenario used to determine the target in the NDCs presented in 2015 shows an GHG emission value of 297.3 Mt- CO2eq in 2030. GHG emissions are measured in millions of tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (MtCO2eq). “The Peruvian State aspires to greenhouse gas emissions reaching a maximum level of 179.0 MtCO2eq in 2030. of international external financing and to the existence of favourable conditions (conditional target). 2.2.

PER

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The Danish Climate Act sets a near-term target of reducing Denmark s total green- house gas emissions by 70% by 2030 compared to the 1990 level and sets a long- term target of achieving climate neutrality by 2050 at the latest. We are proud to present Denmark’s long-term strategy. I sincerely hope that Den- mark s climate targets and efforts will inspire other countries in their efforts to solve the climate crisis. On behalf of the Danish government, we are looking forward to working with partners across the world to secure a green and prosperous future. The list of climate-related initiatives spurred by the Government is growing long.

DNK

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The EU and its Member States are committed to a binding target of an at least 40% domestic reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared to 1990, to be fulfilled jointly, as set out in the conclusions by the European Council of October 2014. In line with the Lima Call for Climate Action, in particular its paragraph 14, the following quantifiable information is hereby submitted:ANNEX Intended Nationally Determined Contribution of the EU and its Member States Parties EU and its Member States (Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Estonia, Ireland, Greece, Spain, France, Italy, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Hungary, Malta, Netherlands, Austria, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia, Finland, Sweden, United Kingdom) acting jointly Type Absolute reduction from base year emissions. Coverage Economy-wide absolute reduction from base year emissions.

EUU

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The Environmental Protection and Management Act of 2015 establishes the legal backing such that, “Where the area is protected as a carbon sink it shall follow the principles developed by the UNFCCC.”17 By 2030, all remaining wetlands and watershed areas with carbon sequestration potential will be protected as carbon sinks. In 2014, the transport sector consumed over one quarter of the country’s fossil fuel imports, 20% of which were gasoline and 11% diesel.18 The NEP addresses this emissions sector by inter alia recommending the use of vehicles with higher fuel efficiency and lower emissions, and support for hybrid, flex-­‐fuel for electric vehicles as national targets. Antigua and Barbuda aims to, by 2020, establish efficiency standards for the importation of all vehicles and appliances.

ATG

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The GHG emission reduction targets in this section are all conditional upon international support (financial and technical support) made available. Coverage Energy; Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU); and Waste Single year target – 2030, including updates on 2025 targets Energy Energy Industry (Electricity Generation) By 2030, Renewable Energy Capacity Addition and substituting (replacement) of fossil fuels with Coconut (Copra) Oil based Electricity Generation: transitioning to close to 100% renewable energy in the electricity generation sector.

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The German government recognises effective emis- sions trading as a key climate action instrument of the EU for the energy sector and (some areas of) in- dustry. Therefore, at EU level, Germany will advocate strengthening the ETS. In 2010, the German government decided to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 80 to 95 percent by 2050 compared to 1990 levels. The German government reaffirms this long-term target and in pursuing it will make an appropriate contribution to implementing the commitment made in Paris, also with a view to the goal set out in the Paris Agreement of achieving global greenhouse gas neutrality in the second half of the century.

DEU

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The GoP has taken a series of transformative initiatives. 1 Including hydroPAKISTAN: UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONS 2021 Hence, Pakistan intends to set a cumulative ambitious aim of conditional and voluntary contributions of overall 50% reduction of its projected emissions by 2030, with a 15% drop below business as usual (BAU) from the country’s own resources, and an additional 35% drop below BAU subject to international financial support. Fg.1.1: Voluntary and Conditional Reduction of 50% below its projected BAU emissions by 2030 HIGH PRIORITY ACTIONS The GoP attaches High Priority to reduce future GHG emissions from the following four sectoral initiatives which are conditional to the availability of international financial and technical resources: MITIGATION: 1. RENEWABLE ENERGY: By 2030, 60 % of all energy produced in the country will be generated from renewable energy resources including hydropower. 2.

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The Government of Indonesia is committed to further reduce emissions from the waste management sector by 2020 and beyond, through comprehensive and coherent policy development, institutional strengthening, improved financial and funding mechanisms, technology innovation, and socio-cultural approaches. Indonesia’s current policy on municipal waste management has been constituted by Presidential Decree Number 97/2017 on National Policy and Strategy on Solid Waste Management, which promulgated its policies, strategies, programs, and waste reduction target by 2025, as well as under the Presidential Regulation Number 35/2018 on Acceleration of Construction of Thermal Generation Facilities for Converting Waste into Electricity Energy with Environmental Sound Technology. The projected BAU and both unconditional and conditional emission reduction targets are depicted in Table 1 with more elaboration for each sector in Annex 1.III.

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The Government was also aware that waste management required further attention. Vanuatu Enhanced NDC (Mitigation) Type Activity-based mitigation targets, sectoral and policy targets in key sectors, including emissions reduction in some sub-sectors. The GHG emission reduction targets in this section are all conditional upon international support (financial and technical support) made available. Coverage Energy; Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU); and Waste. Timeframe From 1 January 2021 – 31 December 2030. Single year target: 2030, including updates on 2025 targets.4 VANUATU’S REVISED AND ENHANCED 1ST NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 2021–2030 Mitigation Priority Area # Commitment Policy Notes NSDP Reference SDG Goal Most Relevant Conditionality (Expressed as %) Finance Required USD Electricity Generation M1 By 2030, Renewable Energy Capacity Addition and substituting (replacement) of fossil fuels with Coconut (Copra) Oil based Electricity Generation: transitioning to close to 100% renewable energy in the electricity generation sector.

VUT

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The INDC of the Republic of Tajikistan with respect to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the impact on the climate system, subject to new substantial international funding and technology transfer The potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the Republic of Tajikistan to achieve a target of 65- 75% of the 1990 level by 2030, which amounts to equivalent per capita. It will be possible in case of implementation of investment projects and national programmes in the sphere of power industry, transport, agriculture and forestry and water resources management, risk reduction of natural disasters, promotion and diversification of renewable energy sources and reduction of energy losses; modernization, introduction of new technologies and development of the sectors of theeconomy. Reference year and volume of emissions equivalent. Timeframe 2021-2030.

TJK

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The INDC of the Republic of Tajikistan with respect to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the impact on the climate system, without attracting new substantial international funding A flexible target, not exceeding 80-90% of the 1990 level by 2030, which amounts to 1.7-2.2 tons in CO2 equivalent per capita, has been determined as the country’s contribution to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emission reductions. Systematic reforestation in accordance with the adopted State programmes is a considerable contribution of the country to the reduction of negative impacts on the climate system.

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The Kingdom will engage in actions and plans in pursuit of economic diversification that have co-benefits in the form of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission avoidances and adaptation to the impacts of climate change, as well as reducing the impacts of response measures. This will help the Kingdom to achieve its sustainable development objectives. In this spirit, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia desires to actively contribute to the UNFCCC negotiations maximizing long term benefits and minimizing potential negative side effects for Saudi Arabia. Executive Summary The actions and plans outlined in this submission seek to achieve mitigation co-benefits ambitions of up to 130 million tons of CO2eq avoided by 2030 annually through contributions to economic diversification and adaptation.

SAU

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The Kyrgyz Republic recognizes the importance of the adoption of the Low-Carbon Development Strategy and the National Adaptation Policy. The overall mitigation goal of the Kyrgyz Republic is to unconditionally reduce GHG emissions by 16.63% by 2025 and by 15.97% by 2030, under the business-as-usual scenario. Should international support be provided, GHG emissions will be reduced by 2025 by 36.61% and by 2030 by 43.62%, under the business-as-usual scenario. The achievement of the NDC is underlain by mitigation actions and policies covering five sectors. However, the primary mitigation capacity is concentrated in the Energy, Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Uses sectors. In the Energy sector, around 60% of all GHG emissions in the country are concentrated.

KGZ

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The LCDS is being spearheaded by the Ministry for the Environment, Climate Change and Planning (MECP) and is the result of a three-year process initiated by Government and the MECP, whereby mitigation measures have been researched and short- listed, possible abatement levels quantified through Marginal Abatement Cost Curve (MACC) modelling (i.e. the ratio of abatement potential against incremental cost of measure), and stakeholders consulted, leading to a list of realistic and cost-effective measures which are to be implemented in the years to come. The Strategy aims to move towards climate neutrality by 2050 in line with Malta’s contribution to EU-wide goals. Carbon neutrality is also one of Malta’s pillars for economic growth and recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic.

MLT

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The Lima Conference confirmed the Warsaw decision that all Parties ready to do so should communicate their INDC in the first quarter of 2015 in a manner that facilitates the clarity, transparency and understanding of the INDC. 3. The EU and its Member States wish to communicate the following INDC. The EU and its Member States are committed to a binding target of an at least 40% domestic reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared to 1990, to be fulfilled jointly, as set out in the conclusions by the European Council of October 2014.

EUU

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The NDC reflects the progression beyond the earlier pledge in INDC in terms of: (a) the national Business as Usual (BAU) scenario used – BAU of NDC is slightly lower than BAU of INDC (from 2.881 GtCO2e in INDC to 2.869 GtCO2e in NDC), and (b) clarity of sectoral BAU and emission reduction target allocation, and assumption used for BAU projection and target allocation. The NDC has set an ambitious mitigation target for forest and land use and energy sectors which account for about 97% of the total national commitment. The updated NDC reflects the progression beyond the existing NDC particularly in the following standpoints: 1.

IDN

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The National Energy and Climate Change Strategy responds to the commitment made at PreCOP 25 (October 2019) and formally communicated during the speech at the plenary session of COP 25 (10 December 2019) by the Minister of the Environment, Agriculture and Sustainability of the Government of Andorra to determine a path to achieving the goal of GEI neutrality in 2050, and is therefore introduced as such in the NDC update of this year 2020. For the forthcoming NDC update, the participation of the different actors in the private and public sector through the National Energy and Climate Change Commission and the working groups that depend on it, is a key part of the planning, as this participatory body will be active during the process of reviewing the National Energy and Climate Change Strategy, which will in turn feed the forthcoming NDC (see Legal and Strategic Mechan

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The National REDD+ Strategy aims to reduce the annual rate of deforestation by 50% by the end of 2030 against the baseline deforestation stipulated in the 2019 Myanmar Forest Reference Level. The Land-Use Policy (2016), establishes processes to ensure more democratic land-use planning, and which will be supported by a new National Land Law, currently under development. 3.3.1.4 Unconditional Target for the FOLU Sector The unconditional target for forestry is to reduce net emissions by 25% by 2030, against the 2005 – 2015 baselines of emissions and removals, with an intermediate target of 11% by 2025 and an expected annualized rate of net emission reductions from FOLU of 2.8% over the period of 2021 – 2030 (Table 9). Table 9.

MMR

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The National Rural Renewable Energy Programme (NRREP), under implementation, provides the framework to provide energy access and energy efficient technologies to local communities and indigenous people living in the mountains, hills and low lands of Nepal through a subsidy programme. d. Environment-Friendly Vehicle and Transport Policy This Environment-friendly Vehicle and Transport Policy (2014) aims, inter alia, to reduce emission from transport sector, increase the share of electric vehicle up to 20% by 2020, promote the transformation of other regular vehicle to electric vehicle, and provide subsidy scheme for the promotion of electric and non-motorized vehicles. It has a strategic approach to avoid unnecessary travel, reduce trip distance, promote the shift towards more sustainable transport modes such as non-motorized transport component in the transport plan, and further promote public transport systems.

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The Paris Agreement further stipulates that, to attain these objectives, it will be necessary ‘to achieve a balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases’, that is net zero emissions, in the second half of this century. Recent scientific reports have further evidenced the importance of immediate and long-term climate action.1 The Paris Agreement encourages Parties to formulate and communicate long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies. This document is Iceland’s first communication on its long-term climate strategy. Iceland is committed to reducing its overall greenhouse gas emissions and reaching climate neutrality no later than 2040 and become fossil fuel free in 2050, which should set Iceland on a path to net negative emissions.

ISL

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The Republic of Belarus intends to make a more ambitious contribution in the global response to climate change and sets economy-wide unconditional and conditional greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets. Taking into account the economic situation and the country s capabilities, the new unconditional economy-wide target is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 35 per cent from the 1990 level by 2030, inclusive of the LULUCF sector.The new conditional economy-wide target is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 40 per cent from the 1990 level by 2030, inclusive of the LULUCF sector and subject to using international financing mechanisms to introduce the best available technologies for achieving greenhouse gas emissions reduction.

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The Republic of Uzbekistan has increased its commitments in the updated natio nally determined contribution (NDC) and intends to reduce specific gree nhouse gas emissions per unit of GDP by 35% by 2030 from the level of 2010 instead of 10% specified in the NDC1.CONTENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….… 5 2.1 Information needed for clarity, transparency and understanding of the nationally determined contributions ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 2.2 Additional information on mitigation aspects in the Republic of Uzbekistan …………… 18 3 ADAPTATION…………………………………… 4 WAYS OF UPDATED NDC IMPLEMENTATION…………………………………………………………….… 25ABBREVIATIONS GDP Gross domestic product RES Renewable energy sources HPP Hydro power plant HFCs Hydrofluorocarbons GCF Green Climate Fund COP Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change CDM Clean Development Mechanism IFI International financial institutions NAP National adaptation plan GHGs Greenhouse gases GWP Global warming potential of greenhouse gases FBUR First Biennial Updated Report INDCs Intended Nationally Determined Contributions IPPU Greenhouse Gas Inventory Sector "Industrial Processes and Product Use" UNDP United Nations Development Programme PFCs Perfluorocarbons UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change AFOLU Greenhouse Gas Inventory Sector "Agriculture, forestry and other types of land use" SW Solid waste TPP Thermal power plant SDG Sustainable Development Goals ICTU Information

UZB

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The Special Report suggests pathways that global net anthropogenic CO2 emissions decline by about 45% from 2010 levels by 2030, and reach net zero around 2050, for limiting global warming to 1.5°C by 2100. ▍How the long-term strategy was developed The Paris Agreement recommends that all Parties strive to formulate and communicate Long-term low greenhouse gas Emission Development Strategies (LEDS) by 2020 as long-term vision for responding to climate change. To participate in the efforts of the international community to address climate change, the Government of the Republic of Korea decided to develop its LEDS. The 2050 Low-carbon Vision Forum was established to listen to various opinions of experts from private sector in the preparatory stage of its LEDS.

KOR

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The Tonga Climate Change Policy sets the targets of ‘a transport system that is not reliant on fossil fuels’ and ‘100 per cent renewable energy’. This LT-LEDS aligns with this aim as well as with the aims of Tonga’s Second NDC which states a target of reducing GHG emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels by 13 percent (16 Gg) by 2030, compared to 2006. The NDC specifies a Transport sector measure of 2 percent efficiency gain per year for newly purchased light duty vehicles to contribute to the NDC emission reduction target. The LT-LEDS pathway for transport supports this NDC aim through either establishing mandatory vehicle standards and/or incentives for purchasing more efficient vehicles through taxes, fees, or import tariffs.

TON

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The UAE is undertaking the following investments and initiatives, which will have significant mitigation co-benefits in addressing the transport sector’s greenhouse gas emissions, including: • the introduction of a new fuel pricing policy, which will put the UAE in line with global prices. This reform aims to support the national economy, lower fuel consumption, and protect the environment; • a federal freight rail network crossing the country and eventually integrated into the GCC network; • the Emirate of Abu Dhabi has also set targets to shift 25% of government vehicle fleets to compressed natural gas; and • the Emirate of Dubai has invested in a multi-billion dollar light-rail and metro system, which will continue to add new lines.

ARE

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The United States is the world’s second largest emitter of GHGs, but its total net emissions were just 6 billion tons CO2 e in 2014 (EPA 2016). Under the Paris Agreement, all countries have put forward strategies for domestic action. Specifically, each party will prepare and implement successive NDCs that chart a course for emissions reductions over time. To date, the vast majority of countries, including all major economies, have set their contributions for 2025 or 2030, with the U.S. NDC setting a target of 26-28 percent GHG reductions in 2025 from 2005 levels. The largest trading partners of the U.S. have all set near-term targets and have undertaken serious actions to deliver against them (Figure 7.1).

USA

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The actions that will make it possible to achieve in the medium term (2030) the reduction of emissions for the 3 key sectors in terms of GHGs in Andorra are: Energy sector, and more specifically actions on the electricity sector, mobility and construction. In this sense, it is planned to reduce energy intensity by at least 20%, with an increase in national electricity production (which will be more than 75% from renewable sources) of 33% of electricity demand. More specifically in the subsector of fuel combustion activities, for road transport the fixed reduction is 50% of GHG emissions produced by domestic transport.

AND

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The ambitiousness and fairness of the statement are concluded by the current emissions of Kazakhstan that reached 80-85% from 1990. At the same time the aim of the government s economic policy of Kazakhstan is faster growth of GDP per capita to reach the current level of development of the countries of the OECD by 2030.How the INDC contributes to achieving the ultimate objective of the Convention (Article Recognizing the reality and taking responsibility, Kazakhstan intends to contribute to international efforts to combat climate change. The reduction or stabilization of greenhouse gas emissions in 2030 at 85% of emissions level in 1990 (absolute target) or more ambitious goal of reducing the overall, national emissions by 25% (conditional target), is a rather challenging target in economic and financial sense, achievement of which, among other things, should not lead to socio-economic tensions.

KAZ

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The associated actions are improved collection, development of biogas and compost. Land use, land-use change and forestry The LULUCF sector is a key sector, accounting for CO2 removals in relation to tree growth (forest, arboriculture, agroforestry) but also generating emissions (wood harvesting, deforestation, burning). Mitigation actions in this sector will also contribute to strengthening the adaptive capacities of Comorian populations.2.5. Mitigation Effort The graph below illustrates the share of mitigation achieved through the reduction of non-LULUCF emissions relative to a normal course of business (BCC) scenario. Over the period 2015-2030, 843 kt CO2eq of cumulative emissions are avoided through the implementation of mitigation actions.

COM

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The assumptions underlying Liechtenstein’s INDC are based on the possibility to achieve emission reductions abroad which may be accounted towards Liechtenstein’s reduction target in 2030.2 However, primary focus will be given on domestic emission reductions. Liechtenstein aims at a reduction of greenhouse gases by 40 % compared to 1990 by 2030. The reduction target will be subject to the approval of the Liechtenstein Parliament. Reduction Target Base Year Timeframe 2. National Circumstances With a population of 37’100 inhabitants and a total area of only 160 km2, Liechtenstein is one of the smallest countries in the world. Within 50 years Liechtenstein developed from a mainly agricultural state to one of the most highly industrialized countries in the world.

LIE

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The average rainfall is around 950 mm / year (1950- 2017). This climate has already evolved, with a trend in the late 30s of approximately an increase of +0.13°C / year in average temperatures (the most pronounced change in spring), and a reduction of at least -43 mm / year in annual precipitation (with the most pronounced decreases in autumn and winter) (1950-2017). These climatic variations will have consequences on the different ecosystems, but also on their inhabitants and the economic activities that develop. The Andorran economy is mainly focused on tertiary activities. Services are the most important sector of the economy of the Principality: 86.1% of companies and 87.7% of employees.

AND

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The challenge of the review process is to address these deficiencies and to make the CND the reference base for all Nigerâ€TMs “climate” interventions and non-state actors, the strong and dynamic governance framework that allows for planning, monitoring and evaluation of objectives and that provides a basis for close collaboration between government institutions on the one hand and other actors (PTF, private sector, research institutions, CSOs) on the other. At the end of this exercise, the revised CND aims for “unconditional” and “conditional” reductions according to the BAU baseline reference scenario for: - the AFAT sector: Unconditional reductions: 4.50% (BAU 2025) and 12.57% (BAU 2030) and Conditional reductions: 14.60% (BAU-2025) and 22.75% (BAU 2030

NER

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The commitment will be implemented through effective land use and spatial planning, sustainable forest management which include social forestry program, restoring functions of degraded ecosystems including wetland ecosystems, improved agriculture productivity, energy conservation and the promotion of clean and renewable energy sources, and improved waste management. Indonesia can increase its contribution up to 43.20% reduction of emissions in 2030 conditionally, compared to 41% in the 1st NDC, subject to availability of international support for finance, technology transfer and development and capacity building. 4.2 . S COP E A N D COVERAG E Type Emission reduction relative to Business As Usual (BAU) baseline. Baseline BAU scenarios of emission projection started in 2010.

IDN

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The commitments currently made at a global level in the field of mitigation propose a future scenario very different from the objective defined by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), namely preventing any rise in temperature beyond 2ºC (compared to pre-industrial levels) by the end of the 21st century. However, the scientific community has emphasised the importance of taking the action required to prevent any rise in global warming beyond 1.5ºC with respect to pre-industrial levels and the international call to overcome this challenge is increasingly intense. Andorra therefore supports the implementation of the actions envisaged in the Paris Agreement entailing a reduction in domestic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions until carbon neutrality is achieved5.

AND

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The conditional contribution allows for an additional 18% reduction in carbon intensity in 2030 compared to the reference year 2010. Figure 1: Carbon intensity trajectories according to Tunisia's conditional and unconditional contribution for the period 2010-2030 Tunisia's updated NCD mitigation contribution Tunisia's updated NCD mitigation contribution 1.2 Coverage and scope Requirements for financing, capacity building and technology transfer necessary to achieve the NCD objectives Geographical coverage National territory as a whole % of national emissions covered by the 2010 emissions mitigation effort 100% of 2010 emissions Targeted sectors Energy (all sources and sectors), Industrial Processes, Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Uses (AFAT) and Waste Equitable Targeted Gases and Ambition As a Non-Annex 1 Party to the UNFCCC, Tunisia is committed to contributing to the global

TUN

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The conditional contribution allows for an additional decrease of 28 per cent in carbon intensity, with 2010 as the base year. The graph below represents the trajectory of Tunisia s conditional and unconditional contribution for the period 2015-2030: Trajectory of Tunisia s conditional and unconditional contribution for the period 2015- Equity and ambition Tunisia, as a Non-Annex I Party to the UNFCCC, shall actively contribute to the planetary effort to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Tunisia considers its contribution to be fair and ambitious on three fundamental grounds: - Through its total contribution (both unconditional and conditional), Tunisia aims to reduce its carbon intensity by 41 per cent compared to 2010.

TUN

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The conditional contribution, the implementation of which requires international support, allows an additional reduction of GHG emissions in 2030 by 20% compared to the emissions of the reference scenario, as shown in the following graph:Guinea-Bissau: 2020 Updated NDC Figure 2: Guinea-Bissau NDC s GHG mitigation target 3.1.3 Coverage and scope The emissions concerned by the updated NDC of Guinea-Bissau cover: - The whole national territory. - The sectors of Energy (all sources and sectors), Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) and Waste. Industrial processes are not covered by the updated NDC. This source constitutes a very low share in Guinea-Bissau s emissions given the low level of industrialization of the country and the limited stock of household appliances, as potential source of HFC gas emissions. - GHG: CO2 O.

GNB

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The conditional objective (CDN+) is 3929 ktCO2 eq/year, or 17.0% below the baseline, or an emission growth of 4% per year over the period 2020-2030. On LULUCF, excluding afforestation and reforestation project activities (excluding removals), the Republic of Guinea sets its unconditional objective (CDN) of a 20% reduction in its gross emissions in 2030 below the baseline. The conditional objective (CDN+) is 49% below the baseline. Costs of implementing commitments At least $13.8 billion The Republic of Guinea will condition part of its contribution (CDN+) on the mobilisation of funds accountable under the Convention's Financial Mechanism.

GIN

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The contribution of the mitigation actions selected to the GHG emission reduction potential, both on a conditional and unconditional basis, is presented in Table 2. The GHG emission reduction potential is estimated relative to the OAU with values of 92511.38 Gg CO2eq in 2025, 107,522.71 Gg CO2eq in 2030 and 185,814.84 Gg CO2eq in 2050.Table 2: Summary of the GHG emission reduction potential CO2 eq relative to the OAU scenario Source: SP/CNDD These results are presented in accordance with the graph below. Figure 6: Evolution of the overall GHG reduction potential relative to the OAU Source: SP/CNDD Table 2 shows that Burkina Faso is committed to a 16.25% reduction in 2025 and a 29.42% reduction by 2030.

BFA

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The contributions of the sectors are; e e e e Total GHG emission will be 409.4 MtCO2 e in 2030 under BAU scenario. The contributions of the sectors are; e e e e (c) For strategies, plans and actions referred to in Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement, or polices and measures as components of nationally determined contributions where paragraph 1(b) above is not applicable, Parties to provide other relevant information: Not applicable. (d) Target relative to the reference indicator, expressed numerically, for example in percentage or amount of reduction: In unconditional scenario, GHG emissions would be reduced by 27.56 Mt CO2 e (6.73%) below BAU in 2030 and in conditional scenario, GHG emissions would be reduced by 89.47 Mt CO2 e (21.85%) below BAU in 2030 in the respective sectors.

BGD

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The cost of emission reductions does not include the implementation of a biofuel policy in the transport sector, nor does it include any actions related to the decongestion of Victoria, Mahé. Table 1: Estimate (lower bound) of the cost of mitigation Sector/sub-sector Mitigation action Cost (million USD) 90 MW of solar PV (capital expenditure, and operation & maintenance cost over lifetime 1 As per the Energy Policy 2010, the target of 15% renewable electricity in 2030 is met predominantly using solar PV 2 The capital cost of 1 MW installed of solar PV has been assumed to be USD 1.75 million, while the operation & maintenance cost has been taken as 19,000 USD/MW/yr.Waste management Retrofitting the old landfill (Providence 1) with landfill gas capture and flaring equipment3 Land transport 30% of private vehicles are electric by 20304 15.8 MW of solar PV for meeting the energy demand of electric vehicles (capital expenditure, and operation & maintenance costs) Cost of priority Adaptation Actions The threats caused by climate change will have significant impacts on Seychelles in the short, medium and longer term on infrastructure, agriculture, fisheries, tourism, energy and water security, biodiversity, waste management and on human health and well-being.

SYC

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The country has also announced its intention to achieve net- zero emissions by 2050.www.moccae.gov.ae A Bridge to Greater Climate Ambition A Bridge to Greater Climate Ambition Information to facilitate clarity, transparency, and understanding: In line with Article 4, Paragraph 8 of the Paris Agreement and Decision 4/CMA.1, the UAE submits the following ICTU. Information necessary to facilitate clarity, transparency, and understanding (ICTU) guidance Quantified information on the reference point Reduction of 31% in GHG emissions, measured in CO2eq, relative to BAU in 2030. BAU scenario emissions in 2030 are projected to be about 301.2 million tons, assuming a moderate annual linear sector specific growth rate in line with projected economic growth, national circumstance and historical trends. The BAU scenario includes all mitigation measures implemented prior to and during 2016.

ARE

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The country is also undertaking a range of pilot projects to explore biodiesel from cooking oil, the production of biogas using animal waste and increasing the use of biodigestors. d. Target relative to the reference indicator, expressed numerically, for example in percentage or amount of reduction • 25.4% reduction relative to business-as-usual emissions in 2030 without international support (unconditional) • 28.5% reduction relative to business-as-usual emissions in 2030 conditional upon international support e. Information on sources of data used in quantifying the reference point(s) The source data is that reported in Jamaica’s Third National Communication and 2018 Jamaica Integrated Resource Plan: A 20 Year Roadmap to Sustain and Enable Jamaica’s Electricity Future. Jamaica’s 2013 Land Use Change Assessment (LUCA) and National Forest Inventory Report were used to estimate current forest cover and type.

JAM

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The cumulative impact of the measures listed in Table 1 is estimated to result in approximately an annual reduction of 7.3 Mt CO2 -eq. of economy-wide emissions in 2030, corresponding to a 14% reduction compared 1 The Ministry of Nature, Environment and Tourism (MNET), UNEP: Mongolia Second National Communication Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Ulaanbaatar, 2010 Agriculture Industry, Energy, Waste, -eq. Agriculture, Industry, Energy, Waste, -eq.to a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, excluding LULUCF. Figure 2. Indicative potential emission reductions of the measures compared to BAU emissions 6. Accounting methodologies The latest official GHG emissions inventory was compiled for the year 2006 using the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, as described in Mongolia’s Second National Communication (SNC). The projected emissions for 2010, as indicated in this document, were presented in the SNC.

MNG

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The cumulative reduction would be up to over the period from 2020 to 2030, depending on the level of financial support. Fuel wood consumption Emissions savings potential of efficient cook stoves comes from a reduction of wood used for the same result. Aim is to achieve a reduction of fuel wood consumption depending on the technology, the duration of cooking and the replacement technology. The anticipated emission reductions would be between per year in by 2030. Expected cumulative reduction would be up to 118Gg between 2020 and 2030 (depending on population growth). Mangroves Protecting and restoring mangrove forests. This activity can be an effective mitigation action while also helping the protection of low-lying coastal areas against impact of storms and soil erosion. Mangrove forests also fulfill Protection of existing mangroves from deforestation and restore lost mangroves.

BLZ

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The current indicative value of the emissions budget is 4832 – 4764 mt C02-e, corresponding to the 26 – 28 per cent target range, as published in Australia’s emissions projections 2020. Time frames Period of implementation 2021-2030, implemented as a multi-year budget Scope and coverage Target type Absolute economy-wide emissions reduction expressed as an emissions budget covering the period 2021-2030 Gases covered Carbon dioxide (CO2); Methane (CH4); Nitrous oxide (N2O); Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs); Perfluorocarbons (PFCs); Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6); Nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) Sectors covered Energy; Industrial processes and product use; Agriculture; Land-use, Land-use change and forestry (UNFCCC classifications); Waste % of base year emissions covered 100 per cent of greenhouse gas emissions and removals in Australia’s national greenhouse gas inventory Assumptions and methodological approaches for emissions estimates and accounting Metrics Australia intends to apply 100 year Global Warming Potentials (GWPs) as contained in inventory reporting guidelines, currently IPCC Fifth Assessment Report 100 year GWPs, or as otherwise agreed.

AUS

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The deployment of renewable energy and the deepening of energy efficiency actions are the 2030 carbon control plan pillars. They would enable the Sultanate of Oman to slow GHG emission growth and reduce them by 7% in 2030, compared to the Business-As-Usual (BAU) scenario, which is predicted at about 125.254 MTCO2e. 4% of the GHG reduction commitment will be based on national efforts, and the remaining 3% would necessitate grants and other forms of concessional financing and assistance with capacity building and institutional strengthening, and access to appropriate technologies. International climate finance is a crucial element for the Sultanate of Oman to further bend the GHG emission growth curve over the next decade.

OMN

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The development and implementation the above-mentioned policies and activities to respond to climate change relies mainly on domestic human and financial resources. Viet Nam’s INDC includes a mitigation and an adaptation component. The mitigationcomponent includes both unconditional and conditional contributions. The unconditional contributions are measures that will be implemented using domestic resources, while the conditional contributions are measures that could be implemented if new and additional international financial support, technology transfer and capacity building are received. Viet Nam’s INDC identifies the GHG reduction pathway in the 2021-2030 period. With domestic resources GHG emissions will be reduced by 8% by 2030 compared to the Business as Usual scenario (BAU). The above-mentioned contribution could be increased up to 25% with international support.

VNM

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The dissemination of electric vehicles in Luxembourg depends, of course, on the more or less rapid evolution of the international motor market, but also on national measures to promote and establish an adequate charging infrastructure. The task is to achieve a complete decarbonisation of the national fleet by 2050. Luxembourg has opted for the establishment of a common national infrastructure of public charging points for electric vehicles.157 The expected increase in these vehicles must be continuously accompanied by an increasingly dense network of public charging points, because the success of electromobility also depends on the ease with which an electric vehicle can be recharged.

LUX

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The domestic situation Sierra Leone faces i.e being solely dependent on fuel imports to meet its minimum energy needs, reducing emissions further than BAU can only be achieved through country wide LEDs which the country has already adopted. It is against this backdrop, that this INDC intends to maintain the emission levels of Sierra Leone relatively Low (close to the world average of 7.58 MtCO2e) by 2035 or neutral by 2050 by reducing her carbon footprint and by following green growth pathways in all economic sectors. This target will only be achieve by Sierra Leone with the availability of international support that will come in the form of finance, investment, technology development and transfer, and capacity building. This would require substantial donor support estimated to about $ 900 million.

SLE

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The emission trajectory of Albania allows to have a smooth trend of achieving 2 tons of greenhouse gas emissions per capita by 2050, which can be taken as a target for global contraction and convergence of greenhouse gas emissions. In the following additional information is provided regarding the INDC in order to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding.Mitigation contribution of GHG emissions Type Baseline scenario target: a reduction in GHG emissions relative projected future emissions Gases covered Carbon Dioxide (CO2 ) Target year 2030 Baseline Business As Usual scenario of emissions projections based on economic growth in the absence of climate change policies, starting from 2016 Sectors covered The INDC covers the following sectors of the greenhouse gas inventory: Energy Industrial processes Planning process Planning process of the INDC included the review of available data and modelling work applicable to greenhouse gas reduction pathway as well as consultations with government stakeholders as well as with the public.

ALB

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The energy conservation target during the year 2010-2037 13 Figure 1-8 National GHG emissions/removals by sector 14 Figure 1-9 Total GHG emissions by sector (excluding LULUCF) 2000 and 2016 15 Figure 1-10 GHG emissions in the Energy sector in 2016 15 Figure 1-11 GHG emissions in the IPPU sector in 2016 16 Figure 1-12 GHG emissions in the Agriculture sector in 2016 17 Figure 1-13 GHG emissions in the LULUCF sector in 2016 17 Figure 1-14 GHG emissions in the Waste sector in 2016 18 Figure 1-15 Structure of the National Committee on Climate Change Policy 20 Figure 1-16 The structure of domestic MRV system for GHG emissions reduction 21 Figure 2-1 Thailand’s NAMAs implementation 24 Figure 2-2 GHG reduction potential in 2030 according to the NDC sectoral action plans 27 Figure 3-1 Preparation and approval process of Thailand’s LEDS 30 Figure 3-2 Framework of Thailand’s LEDS Development 31 Figure 3-3 Overview of the input of the AIM/EndUse model in developing Thailand’s LEDS 33 Figure 3-4 An overview of the AIM/CGE Model for Thailand’s LEDS 34 Figure 3-5 GHG emissions/removals by sector in 2005 – 2050 in the BAU scenario 38 Figure 3-6 Thailand’s long-term low greenhouse gas emission scenario.

THA

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The estimated cost of meeting this objective is USD 2 billion, which is expected to be met partly through domestic funding and conditional on international financing including through the Green Climate Fund. In this regard, Trinidad and Tobago will commit to unconditionally reduce its public transportation emissions by 30% or one million, seven hundred thousand tonnes (1,700,000) CO2e compared to 2013 levels by December 31, 2030.Trinidad and Tobago s National Circumstances Trinidad and Tobago is the most industrialized economy in the English-speaking Caribbean. It is the leading Caribbean producer of oil and gas, and its economy is mainly based upon these resources. Trinidad and Tobago also supplies manufactured goods, mainly food products and beverages, as well as cement, to the Caribbean region.

TTO

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The export sector however could worsen on the back of anticipated declines from gold and log export receipts while imports are expected to rise modestly. Persistent falling oil prices gives temporary reprieve for the economy in terms of lower fuel import bills at least for 2015.7 | P a g e MITIGATION INFORMATION ON INTENDED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION PARTY: Solomon Islands DATE: September 2015 Parameter Information Period for defining actions Five year periods. Starting 2020, with reference to 2025 and ending in 2030 Type and level of Commitment All commitments are premised on: (a) A fair and ambitious agreement being reached, reflecting Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities; and (b) Timely access to international climate change financing, capacity building and technology.

SLB

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The first NDC covered all economic sectors, but special attention as given to the power generation and transportation sectors because they had the highest CO2 emissions reduction potential. This NDC revision process found that the BAU scenario in the first NDC was overestimating GDP growth, and in consequence overestimating current baseline emissions as well as the trajectory for 2025. The revised NDC includes an emissions reduction target against a 2010 base year instead of a BAU scenario for improved clarity and consistency in monitoring and reporting emissions. This revised and strengthened NDC pledges a significantly more ambitious mitigation target of reducing economy-wide CO2 emissions by 61% by 2030, compared to the base year 2010, conditional upon adequate access to resources including climate finance as well as capacity building support.

KNA

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The first is clean energy innovation. While the technology assumptions in the MCS Benchmark scenario assume current policies and RD&D funding levels going forward, the Beyond 80 scenario envisions increased ambition of decarbonization policies and funding for RD&D, not only in the United States but also in countries around the world, consistent with the goals of the Paris Agreement and the Mission Innovation commitment to double government RD&D investments in low-carbon energy technologies. To enable planning for this future, DOE has developed a set of technological assumptions that reflect significant additional progress across all energy sectors, referred to as the “Stretch Technology” assumptions.

USA

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The following INDC policy actions3 will be implemented to achieve the mitigation goals Sectors INDC Policy Actions No. of Programme of Actions Energy Scale up renewable energy penetration by 10% by 2030 5 Promote clean rural households lighting 1 Expand the adoption of market-based cleaner cooking solutions Double energy efficiency improvement to 20% in power plants Transport Scale up sustainable mass transportation 1 AFOLU Promote Sustainable utilization of forest resources through REDD+ Waste Adopt alternative urban solid waste management 3 Industry Double energy efficiency improvement to 20% in industrial facilities Green Cooling Africa Initiative 1 2.1.1 Outlook of emissions trajectory up to 2030 Without prejudice to the outcome of our emission reduction goal, the outlook of Ghana’s emission trajectory for 2020 to 2030 is projected as follows: Under BAU emissions are expected to rise from 19.53 MtCO2e in 2010 to 37.81 MtCO2e in 2020, to 53.5 MtCO2e in 2025 and 73.95MtCO2e in 2030.

GHA

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The following global emissions d here x The Walloon long-term strategy aims at achieving carbon neutrality in 2050 by reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 95% compared to 1990, complemented by measures on carbon capture and use and negative emissions (see also Chapters 2 and 2.1 of the Walloon strategy); x The Flemish long-term strategy aims at reducing greenhouse gas emissions from sectors not covered by the ETS (the so-called non-ETS sectors) by 85% by 2050 compared to 2005, with the ambition of moving towards total climate neutrality. With regard to the ETS sectors, the Flemish Region is in the context defined by the EU for these sectors with a decreasing emission quota (see also Chapter 2.1 of the Flemish strategy); x The Brussels-Capital long-term strategy sets the objective of moving closer to the European target of carbon neutrality

BEL

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The following sections provide further details.Trinidad and Tobago s Mitigation Contribution Mitigation Objectives Unconditional: 30% reduction in GHG emissions by December 31, 2030 in the public transportation sector compared to a business as usual (BAU) scenario (reference year 2013).1 Conditional: Additional reduction achievable under certain conditions which would bring the total GHG reduction to 15% below BAU emission levels by December 31, 2030. Financial Requirements: The estimated cost of achieving the reduction objectives is USD 2 billion, which is expected to be met partly through domestic funding and conditional on international climate financing including through the Green Climate Fund. Methodological Approaches: The BAU baseline was developed using an ad hoc model based on the BIOS tool, rather than the wholesale application of prefabricated models.

TTO

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The forthcoming LETS 2021 will examine deployment pathways for these priority technologies to ensure we meet our ambitious economic stretch goals. Our priorities are: — clean hydrogen — ultra low-cost solar — energy storage for firming — low emissions steel — low emissions aluminium — carbon capture and storage — soil carbon. Analysis to inform our Plan was commissioned from the Department of Industry, Science, Energy and Resources (DISER) and McKinsey & Company (McKinsey). This analysis shows that achieving the Technology Investment Roadmap stretch goals, coupled with other emerging global trends like electrification of transport, can reduce Australia s emissions by as much as 85% by 2050. Our Plan, with additional priority technologies over time, will close the gap. We are already making the investments now to achieve this.

AUS

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The goal of the project is to help the FSM achieve its energy efficiency targets within three years. Contributions Conditional By 2030, increase access to electricity to 100% nationwide Conditional By 2030, increase electricity generation from renewable energy to more than 70% of total generation Conditional By 2030, reduce carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Climate Change Co-benefits Mitigation Adaptation • Carbon dioxide emissions reductions • Reduced demand for and use of diesel fuel • Reductions of non-CO2 diesel emissions, e.g., black carbon, methane (see SLCP section) • Distributed renewable energy increases the resilience of the energy system to sea-level rise and extreme weather events • Domestically produced renewable energy is less vulnerable than imported fossil fuels to climate change-induced disruption of global supply chains Means of Implementation Requirements The FSM National Energy Master Plans estimate an approximate cost of USD 296 million to implement the plans over a 20-year period, plus an added cost of approximately 5% of the total budget to provide additional capacity building and technical assistance—e.g., for coordinating and monitoring implementation—over the course of the projects.

FSM

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The industrial sector is very limited at the country level (5.1% of GDP in 2017). As for the energy sector, Andorra is heavily dependent on fossil fuels and imported electricity. 76% of the total energy consumed in the country depends on fossil fuels (totally imported). Electricity consumed in Andorra (around 600 GWh / year) is mainly imported from France and Spain.

AND

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The information provided in the table below shows the budget forecast and is subject to re-evaluation over the course of each project. Table 1: Presentation of funded mitigation measures 1st electrical tie line with Ethiopia Construction of a very high voltage line with a 50 MW capacity to import electricity from Ethiopia to Djibouti. 90% of Ethiopian electricity is generated from renewable energy sources. This project was completed in 2011. Funding: US $65 million, 95% financed by the African Development Bank and 5% by the Republic of Djibouti. Estimated reduction in emissions: 150 kt of CO2 e/year. Onshore wind farms Installation of 60 MW onshore wind turbines in Goubet. Those power plants are scheduled to be commissioned in 2025.

DJI

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The initial estimate of financial needs for this NDC implementation is around US$11.5 billion, of which US$6.3 billion for mitigation, and US$5.2 billion for adaptation.ANNEX 1: Mongolia’s NDC target by 2030 A. Nationally Determined Contribution Target Mongolia intends to achieve a target to mitigate its greenhouse gas emissions by 22.7 percent by 2030, compared to the business as usual scenario, excluding LULUCF. B.

MNG

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The intended contributions by these sectors are considered fair and ambitious in light of Tanzania’s national circumstances and for achieving the UNFCCC objective. Tanzania will reduce greenhouse gas emissions economy wide between 10-20% by 2030 relative to the BAU scenario of 138 - 153 Million tones of carbon dioxide equivalent (MtCO2e)- gross emissions, depending on the baseline efficiency improvements, consistent with its sustainable development agenda. The emissions reduction is subject to review after the first Biennial Update Report (BUR).Years) BAU# Baseline# Low# Ambi:on# High# Ambi:on# Fig. 1: Projected emission reduction from BAU3 with low and high ambition by 2030.

TZA

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The l9 policl, actions translate into l3 adaptation and 34 mitigation programmes of action. Ghana expects that implernenting the l9 policy actions will achieve the following by 2030: a. Generate absolute greenhourse gas errissioli reductions of 64 MtCO:e. b. Avoid at least 2,900 prernature deaths per year lrom irnproved air quality. c. Create over one million decent and green jobs and d. Benefit currulatively nearl1 38 rnillion people. with the rrajority being the youth and women. The 13 adaptation measures are divided into seven unconditional and six conditional programmes ol action. For the 34 rritigation measures.

GHA

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The long-term strategy does not identify the sectors to which emission reductions should be allocated; nor do the impact assessments derived from the scenarios include any quantitative analysis of the concrete measures or political decisions that would be required to achieve the carbon neutrality target or the 2050 targets considered here. The allocation of emission reductions and policy measures, including those for the land use sector, will be decided in 2020–2021 as part of the process of drafting the Climate and Energy Strategy, the Medium-term Climate Change Policy Plan, the roadmap for fossil-free transport and the climate programme for the land use sector. The 2050 target for GHG emission reductions under the Continuous Growth scenario is 87.5% compared to 1990 levels (excl.

FIN

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The long-term vision in the transport sector that can move the country toward carbon neutrality is a national transportation system by 2050 with all having access to a range of affordable transportation choices in which not more than 50% of all journeys are by cars, at least 40% of all journeys are by public transport (including trains and BRT) and at least 10% of all journeys are by active travel (e. g. cycling, walking) to generate little to no GHG, keep the air clean, reduce vehicle distance traveled while increasing access and grow the economy. Increased transportation efficiency and ubiquitous, safe, and affordable access to low-carbon transportation options are key to the success of the vision. 28Eleri, E. O., Onuvae, P. and Ugwu, O.

NGA

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The methodological approach used is that of LEAP-IBC. (c) Where appropriate, information on how the Party will take into account existing methods and guidelines under the Convention for the accounting of anthropogenic emissions and removals, in accordance with Article 4, paragraph 14, of the Paris Agreement, where appropriate In accordance with Article 4, paragraphs 13 and 14, of the Paris Agreement, Togo has conducted an QA/QC of the input data to ensure that there is no omission or double counting.

TGO

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The mitigation policies presented in this NDC will be further developed/enhanced and implemented upon international (technical and financial) support by 2030. The mitigation policy targets that are not quantified are: Energy Sector: ■ Implementation of NERM: 2016-2030 ■ National coconut oil strategy ■ Milage and Emission Standards for Vehicles ■ National Electric Vehicles (e-Mobility) Policy ■ Energy Efficiency in Commercial and Residential Sector policy ■ Ecotourism Policy (Supported by Local Communities) AFOLU Sector: ■ Sustainable Forest Management Policy and REDD+ Programme/ strategy ■ Livestock farming and pasture management Waste Sector: ■ Municipal Solid Waste Management Policy – Waste to Energy and Composting, Recycling, etc.

VUT

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