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On the other hand, a voluntary carbon credit market is created, which promotes the adoption of innovative mitigation initiatives in diffuse sectors and is a support tool for organizations, entities or companies, within the framework of corporate or business social responsibility, since it facilitates the understanding of the carbon footprint and the adoption of policies to combat climate change in the operation of these organizations.

AND

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On the understanding that a global agreement addresses international assistance to access financial and technical resources, Kiribati can, with international assistance, contribute a further:  48.8% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2025; and  49% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030, compared to the BaU projection. With appropriate international assistance, Kiribati can reduce its emissions by more than 60% (61.8%) by 2030. Reference year or period The BaU projection is based on an extrapolation of historic data covering the period 2000-2014. Estimated, quantified emissions impact In addition to the carbon storage in the ocean ecosystem, Kiribati’s unconditional contribution will reduce emissions by 10,090tCO2 e annually throughout the period 2020 to 2030.

KIR

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Only Danish laws published in the Danish Law Gazette (Lovtidende) have legal validity Purpose 1. The purpose of this Act is for Denmark to reduce green- house gas emissions in 2030 by 70% compared to the level of emissions in 1990, and for Denmark to achieve a climate-neu- tral society by 2050 at the latest, taking into account the Paris Agreement target of limiting the global temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius. (2). Denmark must actively work for realisation of the Paris Agreement target of limiting the global temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius. (3). The climate effort must adhere to a number of guiding principles: 1) The climate challenges are a global problem.

DNK

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Only one conditional mitigation option was analyzed under the Transport Sector. As shown in Figure 6, deployment of energy efficient vehicles will produce greenhouse gas emission reductions of 40.8 and 193.3 GgCO2e in 2030. Emission Reductions under Waste Management Inadequate waste data is a major issue, regarding both GHG emissions and waste production, for both solid waste and wastewater. Current municipal solid waste generation in The Gambia amounts to approximately 438 tons/day and is expected to reach 1,295 tons/day in 2025 (World Bank 2012). Waste management is a major concern for Gambian Authorities, given that roughly 90% of waste is currently disposed in open dumps (e.g. Bakoteh Dump Site). This leads to severe environmental consequences (Sanneh et al.

GMB

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Opportunities for emission reductions through Sustainable Forest Management practices of up to 40% exist. In accordance with the 2015 NDC unconditional contribution, Suriname has established 14% of its total land area under a national protection system and will continue to pursue the expansion of this system by increasing the percentage of forests and wetlands under protection to at least 17% of the terrestrial area by 2030, in line the UN CBD Aichi target. Electricity: Suriname ‘s commitment to reduce emissions through the use of renewable energy was reflected in the 2015 conditional contribution to ensure the share of renewable energy stays above 25% by 2025. This NDC extends and deepens the target with an unconditional contribution to maintain the share of electricity from renewable sources above 35% by 2030.

SUR

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Over the period 2015-2030, 843 kt CO2eq of cumulative emissions are avoided through the implementation of mitigation actions. Figure 3: Comparison of NAP and CDN scenarios for the balance sheet of all sectors (excluding LULUCF) (in kt CO2eq) The additional removals resulting from the actions of the CDN scenario in the LULUCF sector are shown in the graph below. Over the period 2015-2030, 3 103 kt CO2eq of cumulative additional removals are allowed through the implementation of mitigation actions. Figure 4: Comparison of NAP and CDN scenarios for LULUCF and additional removals (in kt CO2eq) Finally, the graph below shows the evolution of emissions under the CDN scenario, showing that the country would remain a net carbon sink.

COM

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Overall GHG emissions reduction (including the FOLU) The estimated emissions reduction with the FOLU by 2030 under the NDC scenario will be approximately 64.6 million tCO2e/year (41.7% reduction of which 59.1% is from the FOLU). Summary over BAU emissions and NDC emissions reduction Sector BAU 2016 emissions e) emissions e) Scenario e) reduction e) emission reduction % Mitigation measures Mitigation actions were identified from information provided by the relevant ministries (MAFF, MISTI, MLMUPC, MME, MoE, MOEYs, MoT, MPWT, and NCDD) across seven mitigation sectors: energy, waste, industry, transport, agriculture, building, and the FOLU.

KHM

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Paris Agreement An international agreement for the global response to climate change Zero Carbon Framework A domestic framework for reducing our emissions Goals: Hold global average temperature rise to 2°C above pre-industrial levels and pursue eff orts to limit temperature rise to 1.5°C Net zero emissions in the second half of the century Increase resilience and make global fi nancial fl ows consistent with low-emissions and climate-resilient development Goals: Contribute to eff orts to limit global average temperature rise to 1.5°C Transiti on Aotearoa to a low-emissions and climate-resilient economy By 2050, long-lived greenhouse gases are net zero and biogenic methane emissions are 24–47% below 2017 levels, and 10% below by 2030 Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) towards the global eff ort Countries must communicate their contributi ons to the global response to climate change New Zealand’s fi rst NDC covers 2021–2030 Contributi ons can be achieved through both domesti c acti on (emissions reducti ons and removals) and internati onal cooperati on (off shore miti gati on) Emissions budgets focus on cutting domestic emissions Aim to meet our domesti c and internati onal commitments To be met through domesti c emissions reducti ons and removals; access to internati onal markets

NZL

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Parliamentary approval of the most significant energy measures, and corresponding commitment to implement an important part of the mitigation actions with domestic means, demonstrates the ambition of the Mongolian Government. 8. Planning process and means of implementation Planning Processes The Ministry of Environment, Green Development and Tourism is the key ministry to develop, update and implement climate related policies. In addition, other line ministries including the Ministry of Finance, Ministry Total GHG emissions (excl. LULUCF) -eq.) BAU Mitigation scenario Energy: power and heat -eq. Industry -eq. Energy: transport -eq. Potential reductions Total potential emissions reduction of 14% in 2030of Energy, Ministry of Industry, Ministry of Building and Urban Development, Ministry of Road and Transport and Ministry of Agriculture will be involved.

MNG

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Peru's commitment to greenhouse gas mitigation The Peruvian State commits itself that its net emissions of greenhouse gases will not exceed 208.8 MtCO2eq by 2030 (unconditional target).1 Additionally, the Peruvian State considers that greenhouse gas emissions could reach a maximum level of 179.0 MtCO2eq2 as a function of availability. The unconditional target refers to the commitment not to exceed a maximum level of GHG emissions by 2030 achieved through mitigation efforts driven by the Peruvian government on the basis of investments and expenditures with internal, external, bilateral and multilateral resources. GHG emissions are measured in millions of tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (MtCO2eq).

PER

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Petroleum, chemicals and non-metallic mineral products 14. Disaster risk management Sector Emission reduction pathway Potential emission reduction (million tCO e) Potential emission sequestration (million tCO e) Agriculture, livestock and fisheries 18% reduction in GHG emissions compared to Infrastructure (construction and buildings) Procurement of green cement Forestry 70% reduction in deforested area – 45.06 Electricity Installation of 2,729.5 MW of renewable energy- based power plants (including hydropower) 11.90 – Waste 30% reduction in GHG emissions compared to baseline 10.94 – Tourism and recreation 66% reduction in GHG emissions related to hotels and restaurants compared to baseline 0.02 – Mining and quarrying – – – Transport 44% reduction in GHG emissions compared to baseline 2.43 – Industry – – – Petroleum, chemical and non-metallic mineral products – – –Executive summary 19 A summary of NDC sectoral strategies that will be implemented to achieved emission reduction targets is provided below.

SSD

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Photovoltaic solar panels (12 MW); III- Mini-hydro Power plant connected to the main grid (4 MW). The implementation of these four (4) measures would mean an introduction of about 47% renewable energy in the national electricity system compared to the projected BAU electricity production, of which 34% is hydro and 13% solar (PV). Thus, STP would be able to contribute to the reduction of Greenhouse Gases by about 57 ktCO2 eq, which approximately corresponds to a 24% national emission reduction by 2030 related to 2005. In 2030, it is expected that national emissions will be eq, according to the BAU scenario.

STP

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Plan (WSSP) (2017) ▪ Tourism sector: – Tourism Sector Plan 2014-2019 (2014) ▪ Marine sector: – Samoa Ocean Strategy (SOS) 2020-2030 (2020) ▪ AFOLU sector: – Agriculture Sector Plan 2016-2020 (ASP) d) Target relative to the reference indicator, expressed numerically, for example in percentage or amount of reduction Overall GHG emissions reduction of 26 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels66 (or 91 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year once Samoa’s GHG emissions inventory has been updated).67 This will be achieved by targets for each priority sector, which are: ▪ Energy—reduce GHG emissions in the energy sector68 by 30 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 53 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year once the GHG emissions inventory is updated).69 ▪ Waste—reduce GHG emissions in the waste sector by 4 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 1.2 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year once the GHG emissions inventory is updated). ▪ AFOLU—reduce GHG emissions in the AFOLU sector by 26 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 35.2 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year once the GHG emissions inventory is updated).

WSM

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Potential contribution of the different measures in the energy sector are listed below. Measure GHG amount % of BAU scenario Increase share renewables in electricity production from 33% to 70% Increase energy efficiency and DSM 51 0.2 Mass transport in Windhoek, car and freight pooling IPPU Namibia is not a highly industrialized country and thus emissions from this sector are minimal. However, there exists a cement production unit with clinker production integrated. This process offers a potential for mitigation through the partial replacement of clinker in cement production. Replacing some 20% of the clinker will abate emissions by about 35 Gg CO2 -eq.P a g e | 9 BAU Mitigation scenario Emission reduction (Gg CO2 Eq.) in IPPU sector in 2030 Potential contribution of the different measures in IPPU sector are listed below.

NAM

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Presentation of conditional mitigation measures Measures that are pending financing are being studied for the improvement of the country’s energy efficiency and to reduce land-use-related emissions. The fulfilment of all of the projects identified aspriorities for the country’s development (Table 2) would further reduce 2030 emissions by another 20%, in comparison to the business-as-usual scenario. Table 2: Presentation of priority mitigation measures under study or pending funding 2nd and 3rd electrical tie lines with Ethiopia Based on the first tie line created in 2011, construction of two more very high voltage lines with a combined capacity of 250 MW in order to import electricity from Ethiopia. Thermal rehabilitation of buildings Rehabilitation of 3,000 existing buildings (accommodation and service buildings) each year to improve their thermal performance by means of insulation.

DJI

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Projections reference year: 2015 (b) Quantifiable information on the reference indicators, their values in the reference year(s), base year(s), reference period(s) or other starting point(s), and, as applicable, in the target year; Further quantifiable information on the reference indicators are available in the National GHG Inventories (c) For strategies, plans and actions referred to in Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement, or polices and measures as components of nationally determined contributions where paragraph 1(b) above is not applicable, Parties shall provide other relevant information; Not applicable (d) Target relative to the reference indicator, expressed numerically, for example, as percentage or amount of reduction; (A) economy-wide target - reduction of GHG emissions by 2030: - 13.2 % compared to 2010 - 33.3% compared to 1990 (e) Information on data sources used in quantifying the reference point(s) National GHG inventories for the 1990 – 2015 period Prepared by the Serbian Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) and presented in the Second Biennial update report under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (f) Information on the circumstances under which the Party may update the values of the reference indicators. The National GHG emissions in the base year and the reference year

SRB

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Proposed Electricity Generation mix – NDC targets compared to BAU21 Generation Technology BAU22 Unconditional Target Conditional Target (MW) (%) (MW) (%) (MW) (%) Due to increasing national sensitivities around social and environmental safeguards associated with large-scale hydropower infrastructure development, the government has reduced its Business as Usual (BAU) under the Myanmar National Electricity Master Plan 2014intended expansion of this energy source from a BAU of 38% to 28% (5156MW) or 31% (5676MW) under this NDC. The government is committed to reducing its reliance on coal from 33% under a BAU scenario to 20% (3620MW) as an unconditional target by 2030, but with international assistance Myanmar, has set a conditional target of 11% (2120MW). Myanmar commits to an unconditional target for new renewable energy of 11% (2000MW) by 2030.

MMR

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Pursuant to Annex B to the Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol, Ukraine has allowed greenhouse gas emissions for 2020 equal to 76% of the 1990 level. Presented in section 2 ambitious target on the level of greenhouse gas emissions for 2030 in reference to the base year in amount of 60% is much lower than both the allowed GHG emission level for 2020 and the base 1990 year level. 9. Next steps 1. Adoption of relevant legislative acts for the INDC implementation. 2.

UGA

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Pursuant to decision 1 / CP.19 and 1 / CP.20, the Peruvian State formally communicates the iNDC proposal and its complementary information.II. INDC IN MITIGATION 2.1. Proposal of iNDC in Mitigation The Peruvian iNDC envisages a reduction of emissions equivalent to 30% in relation to the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions of the projected Business as Usual scenario (BaU) in 2030. The Peruvian State considers that a 20% reduction will be implemented through domestic investment and expenses, from public and private resources (non-conditional proposal), and the remaining 10% is subject to the availability of international financing1 and the existence of favorable conditions (conditional proposal). 2.2. Complementary information i) Type and reference point.

PER

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QU A NT IF IA B L E I N F O R MA T IO N O N T HE R E F E R E N C E PO I NT A N D T I ME F R A M E S A ND /O R P E R I O D S F O R I M P L E M E NT AT IO N (a) Unconditional Reduction Indonesia has voluntarily committed to reduce unconditionally 26% of its greenhouse gases against the business as usual scenario by the year 2020. The above commitment is a necessary prerequisite for embarking on a more ambitious commitment to further reductions by 2030 by outlining an emission reduction plan using an evidence-based and inclusive approach.

IDN

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Quantifiable information on the reference point (including, as appropriate, a base year) (a) Reference year(s), base year(s), reference period(s) or other starting point(s); (b) Quantifiable information on the reference indicators, their values in the reference year(s), base year(s), reference period(s) or other starting point(s), and, as applicable, in the target year; Emissions level (in terms of CO2 e) in 2030: ≤65 million tonnes (Mt) CO2 e Singapore’s peaking of emissions will be demonstrated in the national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory time series reported in its Biennial Transparency Reports. 1 The accompanying information to clarify Singapore’s updated 1st NDC is provided taking reference from the guidance on “Information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding of nationally determined contributions, referred to in decision 1/CP.21, paragraph 28” as contained in Annex 1 of decision 4/CMA.1 adopted in December 2018.

SGP

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Quantifiable information on the reference point (including, as appropriate, a base year) a) Reference year(s), base year(s), reference period(s) or other starting point(s) Reference year: 1990 b) Quantifiable information on the reference indicators, their values in the reference year(s), base year(s), reference period(s) or other starting point(s), and, as applicable, in the target year Reference indicator: Total greenhouse gas emissions (including emissions and removals from land use, land use change and forestry) in the reference year Indicator value: 3.1 billion tons of CO2 -eq. c) For strategies, plans and actions referred to in Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement, or polices and measures as components of nationally determined contributions where paragraph 1(b) above is not applicable, Parties to provide other relevant information Not applicable d) Target relative to the reference indicator, expressed numerically, for example in percentage or amount of reduction Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 by up to 70 percent compared to the 1990 level, taking into account themaximum possible absorptive capacity of forests and other ecosystems and subject to sustainable and balanced socio- economic development of the Russian Federation e) Information on sources of data used in quantifying the reference point(s) The source of

RUS

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RMI commits to a quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) to 32% below 2010 levels by 2025. RMI communicates, as an indicative target, its intention to reduce its emissions of GHGs to 45% below 2010 levels by 2030.INFORMATION TO FACILITATE CLARITY, TRANSPARENCY & UNDERSTANDING Parameter Information Timeframe and/or period for implementation Start year: 2020 End year: 2025 Type of commitment Absolute economy-wide emission reduction target (excluding LULUCF) Reference point or base year 2010 base year (~185 Gg CO2 -e) Estimated quantified impact on GHG emissions Commitment to reduce GHG emissions by 32% below 2010 levels by 2025 Indicative target to reduce GHG emissions by 45% below 2010 levels by 2030 Coverage % national emissions Sectors Energy - Electricity Generation - Transport (land and shipping) - Other (cooking and lighting) Waste [Note: emissions from sectors not listed are negligible] Gases Carbon dioxide (CO2 ) ) Nitrous Oxide (N2 O) [Note: emissions of GHGs not listed are negligible] Geographical boundaries Whole of country Intention to use market-based mechanisms to meet target No Land sector accounting approach N/A Metrics and methodology Consistent with methodologies used in RMI’s forthcoming Second National Communication (1996 IPCC Guidelines).Parameter Information Planning process RMI’s

MHL

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Recalling also its resolution 58/269 of 23 December 2003, in which it requested the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its fifty-seventh session a report on the implementation of the present resolution,

PAN

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Reduce 84% of private vehicle movements in the Central Valley and position pedestrian or personal mobility vehicles as the majority. Increase public transport users to the maximum without increasing GHG emissions from 2030. Increase the percentage of electric vehicles in the national passenger car fleet to 50% and 70% of the public administration fleet. Halve emissions from domestic transport. Decarbonise the mobility sector. Continue to promote the rehabilitation of housing to make it more efficient. Any newly constructed building from 1 January 2020 onwards must have almost zero energy consumption. Incorporate an energy manager before the end of 2020.

AND

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Reduce building heat loss by 20% by 2020 and by 40% by 2030, compared to 2014 levels. Reduce internal energy use of Combined Heat and Power plants (improved plant efficiency) from 14.4% in 2014 to 11.2% by 2020 and 9.14% by 2030. Implement advanced technology in energy production such as super critical pressure coal combustion technology by 2030. Energy (Transport) Improve national paved road network. Upgrading/Paving 8000 km by 2016, 11000 km by 2021. National Action Programme on Climate Change (NAPCC), 2011; Urban public transport investment Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs), 2010; Mid- term new development Improve Ulaanbaatar city road network to decrease all traffic by 30-40% by 2023. Increase the share of private hybrid road vehicles from approximately 6.5% in 2014 to approximately 13% by 2030.

MNG

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Reducing GHG Emissions The DRC is committed to reducing its emissions by 17% by 2030 compared to the emissions of the status quo scenario (430 Mt CO2 e), a reduction of just over 70 Mt e avoided (Department of the Environment, 2009). The national context is as follows: (i) the DRCâ€TMs forest area of 152 million ha in 2010 (MEDD, 2015), (ii) the observed rate of deforestation between 1990 and 2010 of 0.32% (MEDD, 2015), and (iii) deforestation and forest degradation mainly caused by commercial agriculture (~40%) and livestock (~20%) and firewood harvesting (~20%)(4).

COD

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Reducing GHG emissions contribution from the power sector would be achieved by increasing energy efficiency and conservation at both supply and demand side. Increasing the efficiency in power generation can be done through the reduction of partial load operation, improvement of transmission and distribution losses, implementation of minimum efficiency of 48% for all new power plants, and reduction of gas consumption through the integration of renewable and alternative energy so as to meet domestic power demand. Maximising clean electricity resources to supplement domestic demand encourages an equitable distribution of wealth aid aiming towards a sustainable future. 1.6 BNCCP Strategy 6 on Carbon Pricing - Impose price on carbon emissions for industrial sector.

BRN

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Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040 b. Scrapping 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030 and scrapping all vehicles older than c. Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040 d. 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% e. The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030 and 40% by 2040. The transport sector’s achievement of progress to date and cumulative mitigation contribution to 2040 are included in the mitigation chapter of the First BUR.Waste and wastewater sector Mitigation needs In Palestine, GHG emissions in the waste sector mainly originate from wastewater handling and solid waste disposal on land.

PSE

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Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040 b. Scrapping 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030 and scrapping all vehicles older than c. Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040 d. 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% e. The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030, and 40% by 2040. Waste Adaptation needs Waste management operations are sensitive to extreme weather conditions, and impacts on the waste sector affect local communities in the following ways: a. Biological activities within treatment systems (such as for leachate management) are directly affected by high temperatures and storms.

PSE

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Reduction Level Emission reduction by 37% from the BAU level by 2030 Coverage Economy-wide Sectors Energy, industrial processes and product use, agriculture and waste (A decision on whether to include land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) will be made at a later stage. )Gases  Carbon Dioxide (CO2 )  Methane (CH4 )  Nitrous Oxide (N2 O)  Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)  Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)  Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6 ) Metric Global Warming Potential (GWP) values from the IPCC Second Assessment Report (1995) used to calculate CO2 equivalents Inventory Methodology  Consistent with methodologies used in Korea’s Biennial Update Report (BUR) submitted in December 2014  1996 IPCC Guidelines used in general to calculate greenhouse gas emissions and sinks  2006 IPCC Guidelines used to calculate greenhouse gas emissions from rice cultivation in agriculture (4C) and other waste International Market Mechanism Korea will partly use carbon credits from international market mechanisms to achieve its 2030 mitigation target, in accordance with relevant rules and standards.

KOR

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Reduction level (Unconditional) At least 14% domestic reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2025. Reduction level (Conditional) Additional 10% of GHG reduction by 2025 Scope and coverage Greenhouse gases (GHG) 0. F-gases emissions are not counted as they were considered negligible across the country. Coverage (sectors) The mitigation component identifies measures for the period 2020-2025 in the following sectors: Energy (including Transport); Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use; Industry; Waste. The adaptation component identifies measures for the period 2020-2025 in the following sectors: Agriculture and Fisheries; Coastal Zone Forests, Ecosystems and Biodiversity; Water Resources; Human Health; Infrastructures.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Angola adaptation measures are aimed at improving the country’s ability to adapt to the adverse consequences of climate change, thus contributing to country’s development.

AGO

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Reduction level The Republic of Moldova is committed to an unconditional target of a 64-67 per cent reduction of its greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared to 1990 levels. The 64 per cent reduction corresponds to a self-sufficiency power system development scenario, while the 67 per cent reduction allows for a 30 per cent import of electricity. The reduction commitment could increase up to 78 per cent reduction below 1990 level conditional to a global agreement addressing important topics, including access to low-cost financial resources, technology transfer and technical cooperation commensurate to the challenge of global climate change. Planning processes Relevant legislative acts for the INDC implementation are required and will be considered being approved on Parliamentary level.

MDA

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Reference The reference is the Business As Usual (BAU) scenario to the 2030 time horizon based on the GHG inventory of 2010 and socio-economic projections. Target level Namibia aims at a reduction of about 89% of its GHG emissions compared to the BAU scenario at the 2030 time horizon. The projected GHG emissions avoided is of the order of 20 000 Gg CO2-eq in 2030, inclusive of sequestration in the AFOLU sector when compared to the BAU scenario. Emissions avoided prior to 2010 are included in the BAU scenario. Post 2010 reductions of the order of 162 Gg CO2 -eq achieved unconditionally through government funding are not accounted for in the BAU scenario.

NAM

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Reference year or period 2013 Estimated, quantified emissions impact A business as usual (BAU) scenario for total fossil fuel increases for energy production for extrapolated population and economic growth would give total CO2 emissions in 2030 from the energy sector of around 2500 Gg with an electricity sector CO2 emission level of around 500 Gg. With the energy sector reductions the emissions in 2030 would thus be around 1800 Gg A close to 100% renewable target would thus reduce BAU emissions by 20%. The additional sector wide energy efficiency reduction of 250Gg or 10% of 2030 emissions would give a total reduction of 30% over BAU for 2030. Baseline The electricity sector CO2 emissions in 2013 were 340 Gg. The 2013 baseline total energy sector CO2 emissions were close to 1500Gg.

FJI

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Reforestation Assisted Forest Reforestation 1000 ha of reforestation REDD: Avoided Deforestation 1000 ha of avoided deforestation Reforestation with Agroforestry 1000 ha of reforestation DETERMINATION TO NATIONAL LEVEL OF THE REPUBLIC OF HAITI Sector Mitigation Measure Unit of Measure Number Estimated Cost in Millions of US$ Links to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) mangrove forest restoration 1000 ha of reforestation Energy-efficient forest 1000 ha of reforestation Fugitive emissions Efficient wood coal production tonnes of wood coal/year Hydroelectricity Hydroelectricity connected to mains Micro-hydroelectricity off-grid Landfill Plastics recycling Central Municipal Solid Waste Fuel Central Day Municipal Solid Waste Mail Central DETERMINATION TO NATIONAL LEVEL OF THE REPUBL

HTI

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Regarding the penetration of RES in the Transport sector, the country is currently well behind the EU28 average of 11%, which is projected to increase to 14%. by 2030. The RES share of the Transport sector of Republic of North Macedonia is projected to sharply increase from 2% in 2020 to 17% by 2030, and 20% by 2050. Taking into account that the projected RES share above 10% is predominately driven by the penetration of electric and hydrogen powered vehicles, and considering the fact that the penetration of these technologies is driven by consumer purchase power, it can be concluded that the achievement of the RES goal for the Transport sector will be challenging.

MKD

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Regulation (EU) 2021/1119 establishing the framework for achieving climate neutrality and amending Regulations (EC) No 401/2009 and (EU) 2018/1999 ( “European Climate Act”)12, including the objective of climate neutrality by 2050 and a net reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the EU of at least 55% by 2030 from 1990 levels, was adopted on 30 June 2021.

LUX

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Regulation (EU) 2021/1119 establishing the framework for achieving climate neutrality and amending Regulations (EC) No 401/2009 and (EU) 2018/1999 (the “European Climate Act”)12, including the objective of climate neutrality by 2050 and a net reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the EU of at least 55% by 2030 compared to 1990 levels, was adopted on 30 June 2021. To take account of the enhanced climate ambition, the Commission presented a legislative package13 on 14 July 2021, together with an in-depth review of the environmental, economic and social impacts at Member State level.

LUX

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Republic of Moldova intends to account for 100 percent of national greenhouse gas emissions and removals for the base year as published in the Republic of Moldova’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks, on a net-net basis. Scope: inclusion of gases and sectors Gases Covered: all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol – Carbone Dioxide (CO2 ), Methane (CH4 ), Nitrous oxide (N2 O), Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), Perfluorocarbons (PFCs), Sulphur hexafluoride ), Nitrogen trifluoride (NF3 ). Sectors covered: energy; industrial processes and product use; agriculture; land use, land-use change and forestry; and waste. Reduction level The Republic of Moldova is committed to an unconditional target of a 64-67 per cent reduction of its greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared to 1990 levels.

MDA

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Revised 2021 NDS30 National Development Strategy for 2030 SNIGES National Greenhouse Gas Inventory System SPAND National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan TCN Third National Communication TdC Change Theory UP Unit of Production USD US Dollar ZAE Agroecological ZoneRepublic of Cameroon NDC Revised 2021 Summary Synthesis of CCD Understanding Elements 2021 Type of Commitment GHG Reduction by Conditional and Unconditional Scenario Term and GHGs Covered Nationwide With primary targets for the first 3 Covered Period 2020 - 2030 Reference Year (base year) Level of Commitment or Reduction of GHG Emissions The 2030 GHG reduction level is 35% divided as follows:  23% in a conditional scenario ï 12% unconditional Priority sectors covered  AFAT (Agriculture,

CMR

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S2 Synergistic Contribution: Reducing Lead Consumption. Honduras reserves the option to use cooperative and market-based approaches, including those of Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, that include the use of international transfer mitigation results to meet its NDCs. Photo: Presidency House, 2020BaU Scenario Change M1 Mitigation Contribution ODS Contribution NDC Objectives Honduras commits to a 16% reduction in emissions compared to the business as usual (BaU) scenario by 2030 for all sectors excluding UTCUTS. Honduras' ambition in this contribution is based on clarifying the effects of the main mitigation measures to be developed to achieve the contribution objective.

HND

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SINGAPORE’S INTENDED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION (INDC) AND ACCOMPANYING INFORMATION In accordance with Decisions 1/CP.19 and 1/CP.20, Singapore communicates that it intends to reduce its Emissions Intensity by 36% from 2005 levels by 2030, and stabilise its emissions with the aim of peaking around 2030. Quantifiable information on the reference point (including as appropriate, a base year) Emissions Intensity in 2005: Singapore’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per S$GDP (at 2010 e/S$. Projected Emissions Intensity in 2030: Singapore’s GHG emissions per S$GDP (at 2010 prices) in 2030 is projected to be 0.113 kgCO2 e/S$. Time frames and/or periods for implementation: Beginning 2021 to end 2030 Scope and coverage Sectors covered: Energy, Industrial Processes and Product Use, Agriculture, Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry, Waste.

SGP

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SUMMARY OF ESTIMATED GHG MITIGATION POTENTIAL FROM ALL MEASURES. Measure Mitigation % of BAU scenario in 2030 Energy Electricity generation: 1) Renewable Energy Feed-in Tariff (REFIT) 70 MW PV - replacing imports plus Ruacana 0.246 1.12 2) Solar Rooftop systems (45 MW PV) - replacing imports 0.016 0.07 3) Embedded generation - 13 MW PV replacing imports 0.005 0.02 4) Solar power - Omburu 20 MW PV - replacing imports & 20 MW Solar IPP Power Plant 0.014 0.06 5) Wind power - Luderitz Wind 40 MW replacing imports & 50 MW Wind IPP Power Plant 0.022 0.05 6) Biomass Energy plant 40MW - replacing imports 0.007 0.11 8) Solar Thermal Road Map - 20 000 Solar Water heaters (SWH) Transport: 9) Promote passenger vehicle fuel efficiency standards (in 80 % of total passenger vehicle population) 11) Fuel switching to low-carbon fuels - Hydrogen replacing diesel 0.946 3.59 12) Light-duty vehicles (LDV) – reducing fuel use by 20% 0.684 3.11 IPPU including RAC Industry: Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (Climate-friendly and energy-efficient alternatives): 14) Split residential air conditioners – switch to R290 (propane) 0.015 0.07 15) Car air conditioning – safe disposal of old car ACs 0.0002 0.00116) Domestic refrigeration -

NAM

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SUMMARY OF NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONS Contributions for 2030 Conditions Climate Change Co-Benefits SDGs Energy Security By 2030, increase access to electricity to 100% nationwide Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits • Distributed renewable energy increases the resilience of the energy system to sea-level rise and extreme weather events • Domestically produced renewable energy is less vulnerable than imported fossil fuels to climate change-induced disruption of global supply chains Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduced emissions of carbon dioxide • Reduced demand for, and use and transport of, diesel fuel • Reductions of non-CO2 diesel emissions, e.g., black carbon, methane (see below) By 2030, increase electricity generation from renewable energy to more than 70% of total generation Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, reduce carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Short-Lived Climate Pollutants Meet Kigali Amendment HFC phase down commitments (in advance of schedule if possible) Conditional on access to means of implementation Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduced emissions of black carbon • Reduced emissions of HFCs • Reduced emissions of methane By 2030, reduce black carbon and methane emissions related to diesel electric

FSM

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Saint Lucia will continue to look at challenges and opportunities in the sector, including capacity building, for future inclusion of the forest and AFOLU sector in its NDCs. Box 1: The 2020 Updated NDC compared to the Saint Lucia’s updated NDC will reduce greenhouse gases by 37 GgCO2e., compared to 2010 emissions, a deeper reduction in emissions than the first NDC, which effectively proposed to reduce GHG emissions by 10 GgCO2e. In terms of percentage decrease, the updated NDC translates to approximately 7% reduction in GHG emissions in the energy sector by 2030, relative to the 2010 emissions. In comparison, Saint Lucia’s first NDC effectively resulted in an emissions reduction of 2%. In absolute terms, 2010 emissions in the energy sector were 505 GgCO2e, which will be reduced to 468 GgCO2e in 2030.

LCA

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San Marino hereby communicates its intended nationally determined contribution and the accompanying information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding, with reference to decisions 1/CP.19 and 1/CP.20. Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC) The Republic of San Marino, on the basis of the decision of the Government held on 28 September 2015, commits to reduce GHG emissions to 20% below 2005 levels by 2030. In line with the Lima Call for Climate Action, in particular paragraph 14, the Republic of San Marino shall submit the following information for its INDC. Information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding Quantifiable information on the reference point (including, as appropriate, a base year): Base year: 2005 Emissions in base year: 0,213 Mt per year (provisional, will be defined through the next inventory submissions).

SMR

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Scope All greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol: Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Methane (CH4) Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) Base Year 2013 Reduction level Georgia plans to unconditionally reduce its GHG emissions by 15% below the Business as usual scenario (BAU) for the year 2030. This is equal to reduction in emission intensity per unit of GDP by approximately 34% from 2013 to 2030. The 15% reduction target will be increased up to 25% in a conditional manner, subject to a global agreement addressing the importance of technical cooperation, access to low-cost financial resources and technology transfer. This is equal to reduction of emission intensity per unit of GDP by approximately 43% from 2013 to 2030.

GEO

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Scope and coverage a) General description of the target Overall GHG emissions reduction of 26 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels73 (or 91 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year once Samoa’s GHG emissions inventory has been updated).74 This will be achieved by targets for each priority sector, which are: ▪ Energy—reduce GHG emissions in the energy sector75 by 30 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 53 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year once the GHG emissions inventory is updated).76 ▪ Waste—reduce GHG emissions in the waste sector by 4 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 1.2 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year once the GHG emissions inventory is updated). ▪ AFOLU—reduce GHG emissions in the AFOLU sector by 26 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 35.2 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year once the GHG emissions inventory is updated).

WSM

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Scope and coverage a) General description of the target Unconditional commitment to reduce GHG emissions by 10% (1.8 MtCO2e reduction) in 2030 compared to the reference scenario withGuinea-Bissau: 2020 Updated NDC the international support levels in force in 2020, increased to 30% (5.5 MtCO2e) with higher international support. b) Sectors, gases, categories, and pools covered by the nationally determined contribution, including, as applicable, consistent with Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines The updated NDC covers: - The whole national territory - All sectors, except industrial processes which constitute a very low share of emissions in Guinea-Bissau - All sub-categories and sources of emissions, within each sector, in accordance with 2006 IPCC guidelines - All sources of carbon absorption covered by the AFOLU sector (soils and biomass, according to land use activities) in accordance with the 2006 IPCC guidelines - CO 2 , CH 4, and N 2 O as GHGs c) How the Party has taken into consideration paragraph 31(c) and (d) of decision 1/CP.21 Guinea-Bissau s updated NDC includes all categories of anthropogenic emissions and removals covered by the IPCC 2006 guidelines, except for industrial processes.

GNB

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Scrap 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030, and all vehicles older than 20 years by 2040. Conduct statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040. 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% by 2040.Indicative cost (USD) Indicative funding gap (USD) The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030, and 40% by 2040. Waste Reduce the volume of leachate by 50% by 2030 from suitable landfill sites. Reduce the amount of waste for final disposal in landfill sites by 30% by 2030 and by 50% by 2040. Increase the amount of waste re-used or recycled by 30% by 2030 and by 40% by 2040.

PSE

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Second Nationally Determined Contribution of the United Arab Emirates The United Arab Emirates (UAE) submitted its first Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) in 2015, in accordance with Decisions 1/CP.19 and 1/CP.20. With this submission, the UAE is submitting a new NDC that reflects enhanced ambition with the inclusion of an economy-wide emission reduction target, in response to guidance set forth in Article 4.4 of the Paris Agreement. The UAE intends to reduce its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for the year 2030 by 23.5%, relative to the Business- As-Usual (BAU) scenario. Consistent with the approach adopted under Article 4.7 of the Paris Agreement, the UAE’s climate ambition is underpinned by the country’s steady economic diversification which is yielding co-benefits for both climate mitigation and adaptation.

ARE

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Section 2.3.Mitigation Measure BAU NDC Scenario Details Total road PKM: 145,033 million Policies introduced to manage the use of personal motor vehicles to reduce congestion and encourage a shift to public transport, walking, and cycling. Including parking management and secure cycle parking. Efficient operation of public transportation Standard growth rate of PKM of 7% to 2025 and 6% to 2050. No change in load factor. Work with the taxi industry to achieve service quality improvements and operator consolidation. Introduce 1,000 high-quality city buses in GKMA15 together with bus shelters, terminals, and depots.16 Introduce ITS systems, automatic fare collection, and control centre for public transport in GKMA 5% reduction in VKM and 5% increase in load factor from improved organisation of urban public transport. Residential trip avoidance through town planning and transport orientated development Standard growth rate of PKM of 7% to 2025 and 6% to 2050. No change in load factor.

UGA

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Sector Mitigation potential -eq) % BAU scenario Namibia aims at a reduction of about 89% of its GHG emissions at the 2030 time horizon compared to the BAU scenario. The projected GHG emissions to be avoided in 2030 is of the order of 20000 Gg CO2-eq inclusive of sequestration in the AFOLU sector and compared to the BAU scenarioP a g e | 3 The measures contributing to mitigation in the different sectors are provided in the table below.

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Sector ODS Medium term (2030) Long term (2050) Energy Mobility Increase the percentage of electric vehicles in the national passenger car fleet to 20%. Increase the percentage of electric vehicles in the national passenger car fleet to 50%. Reduce emissions from internal transport by half. Construction Continue to promote the rehabilitation of housing to make it more efficient. Any newly constructed building from 1 January 2020 onwards must consume almost zero energy. Incorporate an energy manager before the end of 2020. Conduct energy audits before 2022 in all heated buildings in the Administration. Install renewable energy in all buildings in the Administration, thereby reducing the consumption of electricity and heating in adjacent establishments.

AND

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Sectoral BAU baselines for each of the key mitigation sectors have been computed. c. Target relative to the reference indicator, expressed numerically, for example in percentage or amount of reduction Economy wide emissions reduction of 24.7% in 2030 below the BAU conditions. Of which, Uganda’s unconditional efforts will result into reduction of 5.9% in 2030 below the BAU conditions.

UGA

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Sectors Energy; Agriculture; LULUCF; Waste. By 2030, the Republic of Madagascar has set up an emission reduction contribution of at least 14% of its GHG, compared to the BAU scenario, and an increase of GHG absorption of at least 32% compared to the BAU scenario. These objectives continue to be conditioned by international supports (financial, technology, capacity building), which will be received from the international community (conditional contributions). Figures 2, 3, and 4 of the Annex display national emissions and absorptions. Inventory Methods and Applied Parameters Methodological approach for GHG inventories, projections, and absorptions is based on the IPCC Revised Guidelines (1996), which was supported by the 2000 and 2003 IPCC’s Good Practice Guidance series.

MDG

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Sectors concerned: Agriculture, forestry, energy, water resources, coastal zone, livestock, fisheries and mines Estimated level of mitigation: -13% greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 2030 as compared to 1994 (Initial National Communication of the Republic of Guinea), excluding Land-Use Change and Forestry (LUCF) Estimated funding needs: - Adaptation: up to US$1.7 billion over the period - Mitigation: at least US$6.5 billion over the period for the energy sector alone 1. NATIONAL CONTEXT NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY PRIORITIES Coming 178th (out of 187 countries) on the Human Development Index, the Republic of Guinea suffers from severe structural vulnerabilities, despite recent progress. The national poverty rate stood at 55.2% in 2012, meaning that 6.2 million Guineans were living below the poverty line.

GIN

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Sectors covered Priority sectors: energy including transport, industrial process and product use, AFOLU and waste. Baseline scenario Business as usual emissions4 estimated to be 73.95MtCO2e by 2030 starting from baseline emission of 19.53MtCO2e in 2010. This excludes any future developments in the extractive industry. The baseline scenario includes Ghana’s intentions to explore opportunities using clean coal technology in public electricity generation mix to meet its energy security objectives. Emission reduction scenario GHG emission projections for 2030 starting in 2010. The unconditional emission reduction goal is based on the implementation of 2 transformational mitigation actions5. Whereas, the conditional emission reduction goal assumes the implementation of 18 transformational mitigation actions (table 1) over the 10-year (2020-2030) period. Global Warming Potential (GWP) The carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) was calculated using the 100-year HFC-410 =2,060) in accordance with the IPCC 2nd Assessment Report.

GHA

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See further details on our approach to carbon market cooperation. Paris Agreement An international agreement for the global response to climate change Zero Carbon Framework A domestic framework for reducing our emissions Goals: Hold global average temperature rise to 2°C above pre-industrial levels and pursue eff orts to limit temperature rise to 1.5°C Net zero emissions in the second half of the century Increase resilience and make global fi nancial fl ows consistent with low-emissions and climate-resilient development Goals: Contribute to eff orts to limit global average temperature rise to 1.5°C Transiti on Aotearoa to a low-emissions and climate-resilient economy By 2050, long-lived greenhouse gases are net zero and biogenic methane emissions are 24–47% below 2017 levels, and 10% below by 2030 Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) towards the global eff ort Countries must communicate their contributi ons to the global response to climate change New Zealand’s fi rst NDC covers 2021–2030 Contributi ons can be achieved through both domesti c acti on (emissions reducti ons and removals) and internati onal cooperati on (off shore miti gati on) Emissions budgets focus on cutting domestic emissions Aim to meet our domesti c and internati onal commitments To be met through domesti c

NZL

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Services are the most important sector of the economy of the Principality: 86.1% of enterprises and 87.7% of employees. The financial sector plays an important role as an engine of this sector and represents 19.6% of GDP, according to 2017 figures. Tourism is one of the fundamental pillars of the Andorran economy, directly or indirectly responsible for 60% of GDP with approximately 8 million visitors per year. In winter, skiing-related products predominate with 2.51 million ski days sold (timeframe 2017-2018) distributed in more than 3,200 hectares of skiable surface.

AND

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Sharing Japan’s ideas and efforts with the world; contributing to the achievement of the long-term targets of the Paris Agreement, including efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5℃ above pre-industrial levels; and leading international discussions. 2. Long-term Vision Proclaiming a “decarbonized society” as the ultimate goal and aiming to accomplish it ambitiously as early as possible in the second half of this century, while boldly taking measures towards the reduction of GHGs emissions by 80% by 2050. (an unconventional vision of an “ideal future model”) 3. Basic Principles in Policy towards the Long-term Vision • Realizing “a virtuous cycle of environment and growth” towards the vision with business-led disruptive innovation; global efforts essential. • Swift implementation of actions from now • Contribution to the world 4.

JPN

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Ships and ports H. EU ETS: Air transport and heavy industry I. LULUCF C. Energy production and small industry E. Agriculture D. F-gases and chemical use F. Waste management G. Transition incentives A.1 Infrastructure for active mobility F.1 Landfill tax C.1 Carbon capture from geothermal power plants D.1 Regulation of F-gases E.4 Improved use and handling of fertilisers A.8 Energy transition in heavy transport E.1 Climate-friendly agriculture A.4 Incentives for low- and zero emissions vehicles G.1 Carbon tax B.1. Energy transition in fisheries action in forestry B.2 Electrical infra- structure in ports action in land reclamation B.3 Ban on use of heavy fuel oil of wetlands B.4 Energy transition of ferries conservation I.5 Improved map- ping of grazing land and land use plan for the LULUCF inventory B.5 Energy transition of state-owned vessels A.5 Infrastructure for low- and zero emissions vehicles G.2 Climate fund A.6 Energy transition legislation and regulations data reporting G.7 Issuing of green bonds G.5 Climate education in schools A.7 Ban on new registration of diesel and gasoline vehicles G.4 Information on climate change for the public G.8 Sustainable public procurement G.6 Climate impact assess- ment of legislation A.2 Incentives for active mobility F.2 Ban on the

ISL

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Since 2016, Ukraine has operated an energy service mechanism for the implementation of energy efficiency measures at municipal and state-owned facilities (budget institutions, such as schools, kindergartens). In total, from 2016 to 2020, more than 550 ESCO contracts were concluded, which contributed to energy savings of 35 %.Based on geographical, economic and social circumstances, Ukraine has committed itself to achieving the target of reducing GHG emissions of 65% by 2030, compared to 1990 (including LULUCF), reaching carbon neutrality until 2060 as foreseen in the National Economic Strategy until 2030, approved by the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of March 3, 2021 # 179.

UKR

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Single year target: 2030, including updates on 2025 targets.4 VANUATU’S REVISED AND ENHANCED 1ST NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 2021–2030 Mitigation Priority Area # Commitment Policy Notes NSDP Reference SDG Goal Most Relevant Conditionality (Expressed as %) Finance Required USD Electricity Generation M1 By 2030, Renewable Energy Capacity Addition and substituting (replacement) of fossil fuels with Coconut (Copra) Oil based Electricity Generation: transitioning to close to 100% renewable energy in the electricity generation sector. NA ECO 2.3 100 Already budgeted under NERM in transport (land and marine) energy efficiency. NA ECO 2.2 100 Already budgeted under NERM M3 Electric Vehicles (e-mobility): by 2030, (a) Introduce e-buses for public transportation (10% of total public buses); (b) Introduce e-cars in Vanuatu (10% of government fleet); and (c) 1000 electric two wheelers (e-bikes)/three wheelers (e-rickshaw). (bio-fuel) blending in diesel. M5 By 2030, Mileage and Emission Standards for Vehicles.

VUT

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Single-year target in 2030.3 Scope and coverage: (a) General description of the target; This NDC is submitted with a conditional pledge of reducing Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions eq.) by 2030 against a base year of 2010 under the BAU scenario with levels of international support prevailing in 2015 or by 47% (38,000 Gg CO2 eq.) with substantial international support. (b) Sectors, gases, categories and pools covered by the nationally determined contribution, including, as applicable, consistent with Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines; Information provided in this NDC is consistent with the IPCC guidelines: Sectors 1. Energy-categories include; Energy industries, manufacturing industries and construction, transport, and other sectors 2. Agriculture Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU)-categories include; livestock, Land and Aggregate sources and non-CO2 emissions sources on land 3.

ZMB

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Solomon Islands has very low per capita emissions, at just: 1.2 tCO2 per person in 2015 based on projected emissions for 2015. This is fourteen times less than the average per capita emissions of Australia /capita), and less than the estimated level required to stay below 1.5 oC (as compared to 2oC) of warming, of around e/capita1 . Thus, any contribution from Solomon Islands is more than fair, and must be considered ambitious, given Solomon Islands national circumstances. With high vulnerability to climate change impacts Solomon Islands has placed equal importance on mitigation of and adaptation to climate change and recognises the need for developing low carbon economy to achieve its sustainable development objectives.

SLB

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Source: FSO Air emissions accounts (2020) 4 Long-term target for 2050 In line with the scientific evidence, based on the Paris Agreement, in accordance with its highest pos- sible ambition 17 and in view of specific economic and social requirements, Switzerland has set itself the following long-term target18: Switzerland should achieve balanced greenhouse gas performance by 2050 at the latest (net zero). Switzerland s greenhouse gas target for 2050 (net-zero target)… … means achieving equilibrium between sources of emissions and removal and covers all internation- ally governed greenhouse gases (not just CO2); … includes all sectors in the greenhouse gas inventory (energy, industrial processes and product us- age, agriculture, land use, land use changes and forestry (LULUCF), waste and others); … covers the emissions within Swiss national borders (territorial or point of sale principle); … also includes the emissions from international aviation and shipping attributable to Switzerland; … does not determine specific domestic and international shares for emission reductions; … represents an interim goal where future development after 2050 is still undecided.

CHE

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Specifically, the information and protection of the user is improved as regards: o The creation of parallel registers that allow quick access to the information. o Ensuring the quality and reliability of the energy supply, as well as identifying users who may be likely to be in a situation of energy insecurity and providing information to companies and entities in the energy sector to act in these cases. These actions are accompanied by a protocol of action on the part of the parallel administration if it is necessary to protect the user.

AND

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Sri Lanka is keen to propel its growth towards upper middle-income status by enabling better rural services, improving liveability and efficiency in urban areas and encouraging the growth of services and manufacturing, especially of value-added agricultural products. In this background, conditional NDCs have been framed around an analysis that presents the country’s commitment to maintaining its trajectory of low-emission growth with international financial and technical assistance. These conditional NDC actions account for additional 10.5%7 of GHG emissions reduction respective to the BAU scenario for the period 2021-2030. 4.3 Implementing and Monitoring Mitigation NDCs NDCs will be ‘projectized’ into fundable actions and further developed for private sector investments, public financing through the Government’s budget or through international funding agencies by developing proposals for climate financing.

LKA

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St. Vincent and the Grenadines intends to achieve an unconditional, economy-wide reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of 22% compared to its business as usual (BAU) scenario by 2025.plant, the national energy utility is renovating existing hydro power facilities to improve efficiency and generation capacity as well as enabling and encouraging the installation of small-scale photovoltaics (PV) in the private and public sectors. ii. Energy efficiency: there is an objective to achieve a 15% reduction in national electricity consumption9 compared to a BAU scenario by 2025. Planned measures in this sector include the retrofitting of street lighting nationally, a new building code and an energy labelling scheme for appliances. iii.

VCT

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Starting 2020, with reference to 2025 and ending in 2030 Type and level of Commitment All commitments are premised on: (a) A fair and ambitious agreement being reached, reflecting Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities; and (b) Timely access to international climate change financing, capacity building and technology. Solomon Islands is a LDC SIDS, that will nonetheless commit to reduce emissions by: compared to a BaU projection. On the understanding that a global agreement addresses international assistance to access financial and technical resources, Solomon Islands can with international assistance, contribute a further: 27% reduction in GHG emissions by 2025; and 45% reduction in GHG emissions by 2030, compared to a BaU projection. With appropriate international assistance, Solomon Islands can reduce its emissions by more than 50% by 2050.

SLB

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Study, test and disseminate innovative solutions for sustainable mobility: promoting imports and encouraging electric mobility, gas conversion, biofuel (ethanol) Conditional target Implementation of the ban on cars over 8 years of age (ECOWAS standard) by 2022 or 500 000 Implementation of the integrated scenario of the Conakry PDU: - A 33.5 km Le Prince Kaloum / Sonfonya BRT line. - A 33.5 km Kaloum / Kagbelen HRT line. This work is estimated to cost EUR 422 million by 2030 for a cumulative balance of - 919 ktC02 by 2030. All of the above measures would represent an additional mitigation potential of 2 600 kTCO2eq /year compared to the unconditional target.

GIN

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Submission by Iceland to the ADP Iceland’s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution Introduction Iceland is committed to the UNFCCC negotiation process towards adopting a protocol, another legal instrument or an agreed outcome with legal force under the Convention, applicable to all Parties, in line with the objective of keeping global warming below 2°C. Iceland‘s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution Iceland aims to be part of a collective delivery by European countries to reach a target of 40% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared to 1990 levels. A precise commitment for Iceland within such collective delivery has yet to be determined, and is dependent on an agreement with the European Union and its Member States and possibly other countries.

ISL

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Submission by Norway to the ADP Norway’s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution Norway is fully committed to the UNFCCC negotiation process towards adopting at COP21 a protocol, another legal instrument or an agreed outcome with legal force under the Convention, applicable to all Parties, in line with keeping global warming below 2°C. Norway hereby communicates its intended nationally determined contribution and the accompanying information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding, with reference to decisions 1/CP.19 and 1/CP.20. Regarding the invitation to consider communicating undertakings in adaptation planning, Norway refers to the information contained in its recent Sixth National Communication. 2. Norway’s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution Norway is committed to a target of an at least 40% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared to 1990 levels.

NOR

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Submitted jointly to the government by the Ministers of Environmental Protection, Finance and National Infrastructures, Energy and Water Resources the target was approved and includes sector specific targets: Energy efficiency - 17% reduction in electricity consumption relative to BAU scenario in 2030 Renewable energy – 17% of the electricity generated in 2030 will be from renewable sources Public transport – 20% shift from private to public transportation. Future development The government decision for the national target stipulates that within 45 days of approval, the relevant ministries are to submit to the government an outline of economy wide measures to be taken.

ISR

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Summary of GEI's emissions mitigation target Commitment As part of its mitigation target, Colombia commits to: emitting as much as 169.44 million t CO2 eq in 2030 (equivalent to a 51% reduction in emissions compared to the 2030 emissions projection in the baseline scenario), initiating a carbon-neutral emissions decline between 2027 and 2030 by mid-century; establishing carbon budgets for the period 2020-2030 by 2023; and reducing black carbon emissions by 40% from 2014 levels.

COL

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Suriname is looking to develop an Energy Efficiency Framework (EEF) to further promote EE measures and awareness. Contribution Suriname ‘s commitment to reduce emissions through the use of renewable energy was reflected in the 2015 conditional contribution to ensure the share of renewable energy stays above 25% by 2025. This NDCNATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF SURINAME 2020-2030 extends and deepens the target with an unconditional contribution to maintain the share of electricity from renewable sources above 35% by 2030. Suriname will adopt a Renewable Energy Act to provide the legal, economic and institutional basis for the promotion of the use of renewable energy resources.

SUR

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