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T1598.002

Phishing for Information

Spearphishing Attachment

Astaroth has been delivered via malicious e-mail attachments.

T1598.002

Phishing for Information

Spearphishing Attachment

Sidewinder has sent e-mails with malicious attachments that lead victims to credential harvesting websites.

T1598.002

Phishing for Information

Spearphishing Attachment

A phishing campaign has been observed by researchers from Trend Micro that contain a macro-enabled document that exploits the legitimate script engine,AutoHotKey.

T1598.002

Phishing for Information

Spearphishing Attachment

Researchers have discovered a wave of emails with malicious attachments orchestrated by Russian Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) group APT29.

T1598.002

Phishing for Information

Spearphishing Attachment

Using attached HTML files containing JavaScript, the email will write an ISO file to disk; this contains a Cobalt Strike beacon that will activate on completion.

T1598.002

Phishing for Information

Spearphishing Attachment

Strrat, a Java-based malware, is currently being delivered as an attached PDF document via a phishing campaign using compromised email accounts.

T1598.002

Phishing for Information

Spearphishing Attachment

Although the email may look official and legitimate, if you have no reason to receive such an email or if the content is questionable, you should not open any attached files.

T1591.004

Gather Victim Org Information

Identify Roles

RestorePrivacy, an information site about privacy, examined the proof the seller put out and found the following information, scraped from LinkedIn user profiles: Email addresses, Full names, Phone numbers, Physical addresses, LinkedIn username and profile URL, Personal and professional experience/background.

T1591.004

Gather Victim Org Information

Identify Roles

Targets are identified, groomed, and then deceived by quite sophisticated email techniques into wiring funds to 'burner' bank accounts, and thinking that the email request comes from the CEO, the victim willingly sends the money.

T1591.004

Gather Victim Org Information

Identify Roles

This threat group instructs its affiliates to parse companies websites and social media to identify leadership, HR, and accounting staff for following targeted spear phishing attacks.

T1591.004

Gather Victim Org Information

Identify Roles

Some spam lists are selected to target a specific business role, for example identified sales representatives.

T1591.004

Gather Victim Org Information

Identify Roles

Through reading the extracted emails, threat actors identified that fund transfers were originating in the accounting department by person A and approved by manager B.

T1591.003

Gather Victim Org Information

Identify Business Tempo

Threat actors identified that long holiday weekend in the US will be the best time to lunch a cyber attack against this company.

T1591.003

Gather Victim Org Information

Identify Business Tempo

The federal advisory makes note of "recent holiday targeting," stating that "cyber actors have conducted increasingly impactful attacks against U.S. entities on or around holiday weekends." Neither FBI nor CISA has information about a cyberattack "coinciding with upcoming holidays and weekends," per the advisory, but the document says cybercriminals may see holidays and weekends as "as attractive timeframes" to "target potential victims."

T1591.003

Gather Victim Org Information

Identify Business Tempo

Whether you celebrate Christmas, Hanukkah, or Thanksgiving, your chances of being the victim of a cyber attack increase. The vacation season is yet another perfect period for cyber attacks. If a hacker had a choice between attacking your organization when your IT security team is fully staffed or when it isnt- what do you think they will choose?

T1591.003

Gather Victim Org Information

Identify Business Tempo

Many times, organizations are overburdened, and cyberattacks during the holidays are the last thing on their minds. The current pandemic heightened the threat, which has resulted in many firms operating with significant cybersecurity flaws resulting from the rapid shift to working from home. Cybercriminals exploit these flaws to get access to systems“ and vulnerabilities increase with less network supervision during the holidays.

T1591.003

Gather Victim Org Information

Identify Business Tempo

Once they had infected the computers of the personnel in charge of cash transfer systems or ATMs, the attackers collected snapshots of victims screens and studied their daily activities in the bank.

T1591.001

Gather Victim Org Information

Determine Physical Locations

The majority of the actors behind the ransomware are likely based outside of the CIS, for example, ransomware Fonix wont run if IP geolocation is Iranian.

T1591.001

Gather Victim Org Information

Determine Physical Locations

DarkSide, like a great many other malware strains, has a hard-coded do-not-install list of countries which are the principal members of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)” former Soviet satellites that mostly have favorable relations with the Kremlin.

T1591.001

Gather Victim Org Information

Determine Physical Locations

REvil was previously known as GandCrab, and one of the many things GandCrab had in common with REvil was that both programs barred affiliates from infecting victims in Syria.

T1591.001

Gather Victim Org Information

Determine Physical Locations

As we can see from the chart above, Syria is also exempted from infections by DarkSide ransomware.

T1591.001

Gather Victim Org Information

Determine Physical Locations

However, upon closer inspection, it turns out this is actually a clever language check to ensure that the payload will not be downloaded outside of France.

T1591.002

Gather Victim Org Information

Business Relationships

In preparation for its attack against the 2018 Winter Olympics Sandworm Team conducted online research of partner organizations listed on an official PyeongChang Olympics partnership site.

T1591.002

Gather Victim Org Information

Business Relationships

Generally, supply chain attacks on information systems begin with an advanced persistent threat (APT) that determines a member of the supply network with the weakest cyber security in order to affect the target organization.

T1591.002

Gather Victim Org Information

Business Relationships

It also found that hackers can steal sensitive data, including information about partners.

T1591.002

Gather Victim Org Information

Business Relationships

The attackers were after Facebookinformation about partners.

T1591.002

Gather Victim Org Information

Business Relationships

Clues about business partners can provide a hacker with other potential avenues of attack.

T1591.002

Gather Victim Org Information

Business Relationships

Attackers identified and impersonated the companyforeign supplier in a Bogus Invoice Scheme attack.

T1590.003

Gather Victim Network Information

Network Trust Dependencies

Attackers are looking for IT service providers that have privileged access to their clients networks.

T1590.003

Gather Victim Network Information

Network Trust Dependencies

Nation-state sponsored hackers are targeting IT service providers and discovering network trust relationships with their client organizations from government and military sectors.

T1590.003

Gather Victim Network Information

Network Trust Dependencies

The threat actors were looking for MSPs and MSSPs managing IT and security within the target organization.

T1590.003

Gather Victim Network Information

Network Trust Dependencies

In all of the cases, attackers enumerated network trust relationships, hijacked the managed service providers internal management tools to distribute Sodinokibi ransomware to their customers.

T1590.003

Gather Victim Network Information

Network Trust Dependencies

A hacker can make one strategic breach into an MSP, discover network access to their clients, and gain access to multiple customers information across multiple industries.

T1590.004

Gather Victim Network Information

Network Topology

The group utilizes active scanning to collect information on the victim network.

T1590.004

Gather Victim Network Information

Network Topology

After the initial foothold the actors were scanning to map the local network devices and plan the lateral movement.

T1590.004

Gather Victim Network Information

Network Topology

During the exfiltration stage, attackers were identifying documents related to local accounts, network security and topology.

T1590.004

Gather Victim Network Information

Network Topology

Requirement to publish procurement documents made it possible for the attackers to access specifics regarding network devices used by the organization (gateways, routers, etc.)

T1590.004

Gather Victim Network Information

Network Topology

All the graphs, mind maps, presentations including the physical and/or logical arrangement of both external-facing and internal network environments should be treated as sensitive information.

T1590.006

Gather Victim Network Information

Network Security Appliances

This firewall company had a few large customers listed on their website thus providing the attackers with convenient targets.

T1590.006

Gather Victim Network Information

Network Security Appliances

Requirement to publish procurement documents made it possible for the attackers to access specifics regarding network security appliances used by the organization (firewalls, content filters, NIDS, etc.)

T1590.006

Gather Victim Network Information

Network Security Appliances

Following the intrusion, actors were scanning to identify firewalls and other deployed security appliances.

T1590.006

Gather Victim Network Information

Network Security Appliances

This group phishes for information trying to identify deployed security appliances and leverage it for initial access.

T1590.006

Gather Victim Network Information

Network Security Appliances

This APT group was identifying the use of proxies and company VPN and then utilizing these security appliances for stealthy lateral movement.

T1590.005

Gather Victim Network Information

Ip Addresses

HAFNIUM has obtained IP addresses for publicly-accessible Exchange servers.

T1590.005

Gather Victim Network Information

Ip Addresses

Andariel has limited its watering hole attacks to specific IP address ranges.

T1590.005

Gather Victim Network Information

Ip Addresses

Initially the attackers research the victimIP ranges and scan them for open ports and opportunities for the initial access.

T1590.005

Gather Victim Network Information

Ip Addresses

Anonymous OpIsrael campaign published a Pastebin post listing IP addresses of organizations that hacktivists plan to target.

T1590.005

Gather Victim Network Information

Ip Addresses

Actor obtains list of the victim IP blocks and proceeds to run a Shodan or Zoomeye scan of the ranges.

T1590.005

Gather Victim Network Information

Ip Addresses

Keyword search on Hurricane Electric allows attackers to find IP addresses of a certain company they want to target.

T1590.001

Gather Victim Network Information

Domain Properties

Sandworm Team conducted technical reconnaissance of the Parliament of Georgia's official internet domain prior to its 2019 attack.

T1590.001

Gather Victim Network Information

Domain Properties

There is an active campaign targeting domain owners via email addresses that were derived by actors in the domain registration data.

T1590.001

Gather Victim Network Information

Domain Properties

Attackers were able to leverage domain registration data to find additional domains belonging to the same victim organization.

T1590.001

Gather Victim Network Information

Domain Properties

Domain administrator was targeted with a tailored spear phishing after the attackers determined the domain registrar and impersonated it.

T1590.001

Gather Victim Network Information

Domain Properties

Many victims avoided using domain registration anonymization services and their domain properties were leveraged by the hackers.

T1590.001

Gather Victim Network Information

Domain Properties

This DDoS service offered TDoS and email bombing to target domain administrator contacts if those were available from the gathered domain properties.

T1590.002

Gather Victim Network Information

Dns

During the reconnaissance phase, this group paid special attention to collect and analyze DNS information.

T1590.002

Gather Victim Network Information

Dns

Gathering DNS information allowed the attackers to identify victimsubdomains that were supposed to remain private.

T1590.002

Gather Victim Network Information

Dns

Targeting of mail servers were starting by gathering mail server records from the victimDNS.

T1590.002

Gather Victim Network Information

Dns

Some of the information on targets were gathered free of charge such as from DNS records.

T1590.002

Gather Victim Network Information

Dns

Passive DNS information helped the attackers to map the victimhosts and plan the intrusion.

T1589.003

Gather Victim Identity Information

Employee Names

Sandworm Team's research of potential victim organizations included the identification and collection of employee information.

T1589.003

Gather Victim Identity Information

Employee Names

Silent Librarian has collected lists of names for individuals from targeted organizations.

T1589.003

Gather Victim Identity Information

Employee Names

Collecting victim organizationemployee list allowed the attacker to generate actual email addresses due to conservative alias naming convention.

T1589.003

Gather Victim Identity Information

Employee Names

Social media such as LinkedIn and Facebook allow threat actors to identify employee names for the organizations they plan to target.

T1589.003

Gather Victim Identity Information

Employee Names

This threat group collects employee names from the organizationwebsite and use them for impersonation in spear phishing attacks.

T1589.002

Gather Victim Identity Information

Email Addresses

APT32 has collected e-mail addresses for activists and bloggers in order to target them with spyware.

T1589.002

Gather Victim Identity Information

Email Addresses

HAFNIUM has collected e-mail addresses for users they intended to target.

T1589.002

Gather Victim Identity Information

Email Addresses

MuddyWater has specifically targeted government agency employees with spearphishing e-mails.

T1589.002

Gather Victim Identity Information

Email Addresses

Sandworm Team has obtained valid emails addresses while conducting research against target organizations that were subsequently used in spearphishing campaigns.

T1589.002

Gather Victim Identity Information

Email Addresses

Silent Librarian has collected e-mail addresses from targeted organizations from open Internet searches.

T1589.002

Gather Victim Identity Information

Email Addresses

TA551 has used spoofed company emails that were acquired from email clients on previously infected hosts to target other individuals.

T1589.001

Gather Victim Identity Information

Credentials

APT28 has harvested user's login credentials.

T1589.001

Gather Victim Identity Information

Credentials

Chimera has collected credentials for the target organization from previous breaches for use in brute force attacks.

T1589.001

Gather Victim Identity Information

Credentials

Magic Hound gathered credentials from two victims that they then attempted to validate across 75 different websites.

T1589.001

Gather Victim Identity Information

Credentials

Strontium is launching campaigns to harvest peoplelog-in credentials or compromise their accounts, presumably to aid in intelligence gathering or disruption operations.

T1589.001

Gather Victim Identity Information

Credentials

Attackers appear to have purchased credential information from an underground forum for use in this attack.

T1592.002

Gather Victim Host Information

Software

Sandworm Team has researched software code to enable supply-chain operations most notably for the 2017 NotPetya attack. Sandworm Team also collected a list of computers using specific software as part of its targeting efforts.

T1592.002

Gather Victim Host Information

Software

Public procurement data such as purchase invoices for software allowed attackers to plan their exploitation for the initial access.

T1592.002

Gather Victim Host Information

Software

Andariel has inserted a malicious script within compromised websites to collect potential victim information such as browser type, system language, Flash Player version, and other data.

T1592.002

Gather Victim Host Information

Software

Some threat groups use supply chain compromise as an opportunistic attack on whomever is a client, others“ specifically research software suppliers for a given target.

T1592.002

Gather Victim Host Information

Software

Gathering information from server banners allows attackers to use known vulnerabilities for certain kinds of server software.

T1592.001

Gather Victim Host Information

Hardware

Actors targeting poor countries pay attention to learn victimhardware, as it is often so old that doesnt support newer more secure operation systems.

T1592.001

Gather Victim Host Information

Hardware

Another door in for initial access are IoT devices, and hackers are trying to learn the used hardware versions, as it is often produced to never be fully updated or secured.

T1592.001

Gather Victim Host Information

Hardware

This group was using job postings, resumes, and public purchase invoices to determine the hardware used by the victim organization.

T1592.001

Gather Victim Host Information

Hardware

After the attacker gathered information about the hardware used in the organization, they proceeded to register typosquatted domains mimicking these hardware manufactures.

T1592.001

Gather Victim Host Information

Hardware

This Russian APT gathered information on the specific type of industrial controllers used by some Ukrainian power transmission stations.

T1592.003

Gather Victim Host Information

Firmware

Intruders impersonated the CEO and demanded information on the age and patch level of the network appliances.

T1592.003

Gather Victim Host Information

Firmware

While the problem with the firmware update level was outlined in the previous assessment report, the company failed to act on it, moreover the very assessment ended up in the hands of the threat actors.

T1592.003

Gather Victim Host Information

Firmware

Slow implementation of the firmware patch for this vulnerability became apparent to the attackers who started directing their botnets to target it.

T1592.003

Gather Victim Host Information

Firmware

Attackers did research on the backdoor in the standard router firmware in that country.

T1592.003

Gather Victim Host Information

Firmware

This botnet handers gather information on the dominating types of IoT firmware with known vulnerabilities.

T1592.004

Gather Victim Host Information

Client Configurations

HAFNIUM has interacted with Office 365 tenants to gather details regarding target's environments.

T1592.004

Gather Victim Host Information

Client Configurations

Attackers website was checking visitors host information and serving the malicious content only to those with certain language settings.

T1592.004

Gather Victim Host Information

Client Configurations

This group was studying organizationpurchase invoices to learn what operating systems are in use, their versions and architecture.

T1592.004

Gather Victim Host Information

Client Configurations

The Scanbox framework first configures the remote C&C server that it will use and collects a small amount of information about the victim that is visiting the compromised website including: Referer User-Agent Location Cookie Title (To identify specific content that the victim is visiting) Domain Charset Screen width and height Operating System Language

T1592.004

Gather Victim Host Information

Client Configurations

The attackers were able to compromise the website and include code that loaded a malicious Javascript file from a remote server that records visitors User-Agent, Location, Charset, Operating System, and Language.

T1592.004

Gather Victim Host Information

Client Configurations

Hackers were checking client configuration virtualization status and generally were trying to avoid targeting virtual machines.

T1595.002

Active Scanning

Vulnerability Scanning

APT28 has performed large-scale scans in an attempt to find vulnerable servers.

T1595.002

Active Scanning

Vulnerability Scanning

Sandworm Team has scanned network infrastructure for vulnerabilities as part of its operational planning.

T1595.002

Active Scanning

Vulnerability Scanning

Volatile Cedar has performed vulnerability scans of the target server.