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0 | `維珍澳洲航空公司是什麼時候開始運營的 | 維珍澳洲航空公司是維珍澳洲航空有限公司的商業名稱，是一家總部位於澳大利亞的航空公司。它是使用維珍品牌的機隊規模最大的航空公司。它于2000年8月31日開始運營，最初名為維珍藍色航空，只有兩架飛機和一條航線。在2001年9月安塞特航空公司破產後，它突然成為澳大利亞國內市場的主要航空公司。自那時以來，該航空公司已經發展壯大，直接服務於澳大利亞32個城市，從布里斯班、墨爾本和悉尼三個樞紐機場出發。 | 維珍澳大利亞航空於 2000 年 8 月 31 日以 Virgin Blue 名義開始運營，在一條航線上有兩架飛機。 | When did Virgin Australia start operating? | Virgin Australia, the trading name of Virgin Australia Airlines Pty Ltd, is an Australian-based airline. It is the largest airline by fleet size to use the Virgin brand. It commenced services on 31 August 2000 as Virgin Blue, with two aircraft on a single route. It suddenly found itself as a major airline in Australia's domestic market after the collapse of Ansett Australia in September 2001. The airline has since grown to directly serve 32 cities in Australia, from hubs in Brisbane, Melbourne and Sydney. | Virgin Australia commenced services on 31 August 2000 as Virgin Blue, with two aircraft on a single route. |
1 | 哪一種是魚類？Tope還是Rope？ | 托普 | Which is a species of fish? Tope or Rope | Tope |
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2 | 為什麼駱駝可以長時間不喝水而存活？ | 駱駝利用駝峰中的脂肪來長時間保持能量充足和水分充足。 | Why can camels survive for long without water? | Camels use the fat in their humps to keep them filled with energy and hydration for long periods of time. |
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3 | 愛麗絲的父母有三個女兒：艾米、傑西，第三個女兒叫什麼名字？ | 第三個女兒的名字叫愛麗絲 | Alice's parents have three daughters: Amy, Jessy, and what』s the name of the third daughter? | The name of the third daughter is Alice |
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4 | 小森田智昭是什麼時候出生的？ | 小森田出生于1981年7月10日，出生在熊本縣。高中畢業后，他于2000年加入了J1聯賽俱樂部Avispa Fukuoka。儘管他在2001年作為中場球員首次亮相，但他並沒有得到太多的出場機會，俱樂部在2001賽季末降級到J2聯賽。2002年，他轉會到了J2俱樂部Oita Trinita。他成爲了一名防守型中場球員的常規球員，並在2002年贏得了冠軍，並在2003年晉陞。他一直打了很多比賽，直到2005年。2005年9月，他轉會到了J2俱樂部Montedio Yamagata。2006年，他轉會到了J2俱樂部Vissel Kobe。儘管他成爲了一名防守型中場球員的常規球員，但在夏季期間逐漸減少了出場機會。2007年，他轉會到了日本足球聯賽俱樂部Rosso Kumamoto（後來改名為Roasso Kumamoto），這是他所在地區的俱樂部。他作為常規球員出場，並在2008年晉陞到J2。儘管他沒有得到太多的出場機會，但他仍然參加了許多比賽。2010年，他前往印度尼西亞加入了Persela Lamongan。2010年7月，他回到日本，加入了J2俱樂部Giravanz Kitakyushu。他經常作為防守型中場球員和中後衛出場，直到2012年退役。 | 小森田智明出生於1981年7月10日。 | When was Tomoaki Komorida born? | Komorida was born in Kumamoto Prefecture on July 10, 1981. After graduating from high school, he joined the J1 League club Avispa Fukuoka in 2000. Although he debuted as a midfielder in 2001, he did not play much and the club was relegated to the J2 League at the end of the 2001 season. In 2002, he moved to the J2 club Oita Trinita. He became a regular player as a defensive midfielder and the club won the championship in 2002 and was promoted in 2003. He played many matches until 2005. In September 2005, he moved to the J2 club Montedio Yamagata. In 2006, he moved to the J2 club Vissel Kobe. Although he became a regular player as a defensive midfielder, his gradually was played less during the summer. In 2007, he moved to the Japan Football League club Rosso Kumamoto (later Roasso Kumamoto) based in his local region. He played as a regular player and the club was promoted to J2 in 2008. Although he did not play as much, he still played in many matches. In 2010, he moved to Indonesia and joined Persela Lamongan. In July 2010, he returned to Japan and joined the J2 club Giravanz Kitakyushu. He played often as a defensive midfielder and center back until 2012 when he retired. | Tomoaki Komorida was born on July 10,1981. |
5 | 如果在逼和的時候我有更多的棋子，那我算贏了嗎？ | 僵局是國際象棋中的一種情況，指輪到行動的玩家沒有合法著法且不處於將軍狀態。僵局會導致平局。在殘局中，僵局是一種可以讓處於劣勢的玩家逼平對手而不是輸掉比賽的策略。在更復雜的局面中，僵局很少出現，通常採取欺騙的形式，只有在優勢方不注意的情況下才能成功。僵局也是殘局研究和其他國際象棋問題中常見的主題。
19世紀時，僵局的結果被規定為平局。在此之前，對待僵局的方式各不相同，包括將僵局的玩家視為勝利、半勝利或失敗；不允許僵局；或導致僵局的玩家錯過一次行動。在象棋家族的其他遊戲中，僵局規則也有所不同。 | 不。
僵局是一種平局。誰吃掉更多棋子或處於獲勝位置並不重要 | If I have more pieces at the time of stalemate, have I won? | Stalemate is a situation in chess where the player whose turn it is to move is not in check and has no legal move. Stalemate results in a draw. During the endgame, stalemate is a resource that can enable the player with the inferior position to draw the game rather than lose. In more complex positions, stalemate is much rarer, usually taking the form of a swindle that succeeds only if the superior side is inattentive.[citation needed] Stalemate is also a common theme in endgame studies and other chess problems.
The outcome of a stalemate was standardized as a draw in the 19th century. Before this standardization, its treatment varied widely, including being deemed a win for the stalemating player, a half-win for that player, or a loss for that player; not being permitted; and resulting in the stalemated player missing a turn. Stalemate rules vary in other games of the chess family. | No.
Stalemate is a drawn position. It doesn't matter who has captured more pieces or is in a winning position |
6 | 給定一篇關於Lollapalooza的參考文字，它在哪裡舉辦，由誰發起，以及它是什麼？ | Lollapalooza /ˌlɒləpəˈluːzə/（Lolla）是一年一度的美國四天音樂節，于芝加哥的格蘭特公園舉行。它最初于1991年作為巡迴活動開始，但幾年后，芝加哥成爲了它的永久場地。音樂型別包括但不限於另類搖滾、重金屬、朋克搖滾、嘻哈和電子舞曲。Lollapalooza還展示了視覺藝術、非營利組織和政治組織。該音樂節每年7月在格蘭特公園舉辦，吸引了約40萬人參加，並每年售罄。Lollapalooza是世界上最大、最具標誌性的音樂節之一，也是美國曆史最悠久的音樂節之一。
Lollapalooza于1991年由珍妮的癮君子樂隊的主唱Perry Farrell構思和建立，作為告別巡演。 | Lollapalooze 是一年一度的音樂節，在伊利諾伊州芝加哥格蘭特公園舉行。該巡演始於 1991 年，是 Jane's Addiction 樂隊主唱 Perry Farrell 的告別巡演。該音樂節包括一系列音樂流派，包括另類搖滾、重金屬、朋克搖滾、嘻哈和電子舞曲。這些節日每年都會迎來大約 40 萬人，門票每年都會售完。一些著名的頭條新聞包括：Red Hot Chili Peppers、Chance the Rapper、Metallica 和 Lady Gage。 Lollapalooza 節是世界上最大、最具標誌性的節日之一，也是芝加哥的主要節日。 | Given a reference text about Lollapalooza, where does it take place, who started it and what is it? | Lollapalooza /ˌlɒləpəˈluːzə/ (Lolla) is an annual American four-day music festival held in Grant Park in Chicago. It originally started as a touring event in 1991, but several years later, Chicago became its permanent location. Music genres include but are not limited to alternative rock, heavy metal, punk rock, hip hop, and electronic dance music. Lollapalooza has also featured visual arts, nonprofit organizations, and political organizations. The festival, held in Grant Park, hosts an estimated 400,000 people each July and sells out annually. Lollapalooza is one of the largest and most iconic music festivals in the world and one of the longest-running in the United States.
Lollapalooza was conceived and created in 1991 as a farewell tour by Perry Farrell, singer of the group Jane's Addiction. | Lollapalooze is an annual musical festival held in Grant Park in Chicago, Illinois. It was started in 1991 as a farewell tour by Perry Farrell, singe of the group Jane's Addiction. The festival includes an array of musical genres including alternative rock, heavy metal, punk rock, hip hop, and electronic dance music. The festivals welcomes an estimated 400,000 people each year and sells out annually. Some notable headliners include: the Red Hot Chili Peppers, Chance the Rapper, Metallica, and Lady Gage. Lollapalooza is one of the largest and most iconic festivals in the world and a staple of Chicago. |
7 | 誰把紐約的土地給了聯合國建總部？ | 約翰·D·洛克菲勒 | Who gave the UN the land in NY to build their HQ | John D Rockerfeller |
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8 | 為什麼手機對人類有害 | 我們總是用一部手機，這不好。 | Why mobile is bad for human | We are always engaged one phone which is not good. |
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9 | 約翰·莫西斯·布朗寧是誰？ | 約翰·莫西斯·布朗寧（1855年1月23日-1926年11月26日）是一位美國槍械設計師，他開發了許多種類的軍用和民用槍械、彈藥和槍機，其中許多仍在世界各地使用。他在父親的槍店裡13歲時製造了他的第一把槍械，並在24歲時于1879年10月7日獲得了他的第一個槍械專利。他被認為是19世紀和20世紀最成功的槍械設計師之一，開創了現代重複、半自動和全自動槍械的發展。
布朗寧影響了幾乎所有槍械設計類別，特別是彈藥的自動裝填。他發明或顯著改進了單發、操縱桿式和泵動式步槍和霰彈槍。他通過發明伸縮式槍栓，然後將槍栓和槍管護套整合到被稱為手槍滑塊的部件中，開發了第一批可靠而緊湊的自動裝填手槍。布朗寧的伸縮式槍栓設計現在幾乎出現在每一種現代半自動手槍上，以及幾種現代全自動武器上。他還開發了第一種氣動槍械，柯爾特-布朗寧1895型機槍——一種超越機械反衝操作的系統，成為大多數高功率自動裝填槍械設計的標準。他還對自動加農炮的發展做出了重要貢獻。
布朗寧最成功的設計包括M1911手槍、水冷M1917、空冷M1919和重型M2機槍、M1918布朗寧自動步槍和布朗寧Auto-5——第一把半自動霰彈槍。其中一些武器仍在生產，通常只有細節和外觀上的小變化，與布朗寧或他的許可證持有人組裝的武器相比。布朗寧設計的M1911和Hi-Power是世界上最被複制的槍械之一。 | 約翰·摩西·勃朗寧是最著名的現代槍械設計師之一。 13 歲時，他開始在父親的店裡製造槍械，並在 24 歲時獲得了第一個專利。
他設計了第一支可靠的自動手槍和第一支氣動槍械，並發明或改進了單發、槓桿式、泵動式步槍和霰彈槍。
如今，他最著名的產品是 M1911 手槍、勃朗寧自動步槍和 Auto-5 霰彈槍，所有這些產品目前仍在生產中，無論是原始設計還是經過細微修改。他的 M1911 和高威力手槍設計是當今世界上複製最多的槍支之一。 | Who was John Moses Browning? | John Moses Browning (January 23, 1855 – November 26, 1926) was an American firearm designer who developed many varieties of military and civilian firearms, cartridges, and gun mechanisms – many of which are still in use around the world. He made his first firearm at age 13 in his father's gun shop and was awarded the first of his 128 firearm patents on October 7, 1879, at the age of 24. He is regarded as one of the most successful firearms designers of the 19th and 20th centuries and pioneered the development of modern repeating, semi-automatic, and automatic firearms.
Browning influenced nearly all categories of firearms design, especially the autoloading of ammunition. He invented, or made significant improvements to, single-shot, lever-action, and pump-action rifles and shotguns. He developed the first reliable and compact autoloading pistols by inventing the telescoping bolt, then integrating the bolt and barrel shroud into what is known as the pistol slide. Browning's telescoping bolt design is now found on nearly every modern semi-automatic pistol, as well as several modern fully automatic weapons. He also developed the first gas-operated firearm, the Colt–Browning Model 1895 machine gun – a system that surpassed mechanical recoil operation to become the standard for most high-power self-loading firearm designs worldwide. He also made significant contributions to automatic cannon development.
Browning's most successful designs include the M1911 pistol, the water-cooled M1917, the air-cooled M1919, and heavy M2 machine guns, the M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle, and the Browning Auto-5 – the first semi-automatic shotgun. Some of these arms are still manufactured, often with only minor changes in detail and cosmetics to those assembled by Browning or his licensees. The Browning-designed M1911 and Hi-Power are some of the most copied firearms in the world. | John Moses Browning is one of the most well-known designer of modern firearms. He started building firearms in his father's shop at the age of 13, and was awarded his first patent when he was 24.
He designed the first reliable automatic pistol, and the first gas-operated firearm, as well inventing or improving single-shot, lever-action, and pump-action rifles and shotguns.
Today, he is most well-known for the M1911 pistol, the Browning Automatic Rifle, and the Auto-5 shotgun, all of which are in still in current production in either their original design, or with minor changes. His M1911 and Hi-Power pistols designs are some of the most reproduced firearms in the world today. |
10 | 誰是托馬斯·杰斐遜？ | 托馬斯·杰斐遜（1743年4月13日-1826年7月4日）是一位美國政治家、外交家、律師、建築師、哲學家和開國元勛，曾擔任美國第三任總統，任期為1801年至1809年。在第二屆大陸會議委員會委託起草《獨立宣言》的五人委員會中，杰斐遜是該宣言的主要起草人。在美國獨立戰爭結束后，杰斐遜在1801年成為美國第三任總統之前，曾擔任喬治·華盛頓政府的第一任國務卿，然後在約翰·亞當斯政府中擔任第二任副總統。 | 托馬斯·杰斐遜（Thomas Jefferson，1743 年4 月13 日至1826 年7 月4 日）是美國政治家、外交家、律師、建築師、哲學家和開國元勳，1801 年至1809 年擔任美國第三任總統。五人委員會成員之一由第二次大陸會議起草《獨立宣言》，杰斐遜是該宣言的主要作者。美國獨立戰爭結束後，在 1801 年成為美國第三任總統之前，杰斐遜是喬治·華盛頓領導下的第一任美國國務卿，後來是約翰·亞當斯領導下的美國第二任副總統。
在美國的開國元勳中，杰斐遜的知識深度和廣度被認為是無與倫比的。他充滿激情的著作和對人權（包括思想、言論和宗教自由）的倡導是美國革命背後的主要靈感，最終引發了美國獨立戰爭、美國獨立和美國憲法。杰斐遜的思想在塑造和啟發啟蒙時代方面具有全球影響力，事實證明，啟蒙時代在 17 世紀末和 18 世紀具有變革性。他是民主、共和主義和個人權利的主要支持者，並在州、國家和國際層面製定了形成性文件和決定。
美國獨立戰爭期間，杰斐遜代表弗吉尼亞出席在費城舉行的第二次大陸會議，會議於 1776 年 7 月 4 日通過了《獨立宣言》。作為弗吉尼亞州立法者，他起草了一項宗教自由州法律。 1779 年至 1781 年獨立戰爭期間，他擔任弗吉尼亞州第二任州長。 1785 年，杰斐遜被任命為美國駐法國公使，隨後在 1790 年至 1793 年喬治·華盛頓總統領導下擔任美國第一任國務卿。杰斐遜和詹姆斯·麥迪遜在美國成立期間組織民主共和黨反對聯邦黨。第一方系統。他與麥迪遜一起於 1798 年和 1799 年匿名起草了肯塔基州和弗吉尼亞州決議，旨在通過廢除聯邦《外國人法》和《煽動叛亂法》來加強各州的權利。
杰斐遜和聯邦黨人約翰·亞當斯既是朋友，也是政治對手，他們在大陸會議上任職，並共同起草了《獨立宣言》。在1796年兩人的總統選舉中，杰斐遜名列第二，根據當時的選舉程序，他成為亞當斯的副總統。 1800年，杰斐遜再次挑戰亞當斯並贏得了總統職位。任期結束後，杰斐遜最終與亞當斯和解，並保持了長達 14 年的通信往來。他和亞當斯都於 1826 年 7 月 4 日同一天去世，這一天也是《獨立宣言》發表 50 週年。
作為總統，杰斐遜追求國家的航運和貿易利益，反對巴巴里海盜和侵略性的英國貿易政策。從 1803 年開始，他推行了西部擴張政策，購買了路易斯安那，使國家聲稱擁有的土地面積增加了一倍。為了騰出定居空間，杰斐遜開始了將印第安部落從新佔領的領土上遷出的過程。由於與法國進行和平談判，他的政府削減了軍事力量。 1804年他再次當選，但他的第二個任期卻遇到了國內困難，包括對前副總統亞倫·伯爾的審判。 1807 年，杰斐遜實施禁運法案以應對英國對美國航運的威脅，導緻美國對外貿易減少。同年，杰斐遜簽署了《禁止進口奴隸法案》。
杰斐遜是一位種植園主、律師和政治家，掌握了許多學科，包括測量、數學、園藝和機械。他也是帕拉第奧傳統的建築師。杰斐遜對宗教和哲學的濃厚興趣導致他被任命為美國哲學會主席。他很大程度上迴避有組織的宗教，但受到基督教、伊壁鳩魯主義和自然神論的影響。杰斐遜拒絕基本基督教，否認基督的神性。杰斐遜是一位語言學家，精通多種語言。他是一位多產的書信作家，與許多知名人士都有書信往來，包括愛德華·卡林頓、卡羅琳的約翰·泰勒和詹姆斯·麥迪遜。 1785 年，杰斐遜撰寫了《弗吉尼亞州筆記》，這本書被認為可能是 1800 年之前出版的最重要的美國書籍。杰斐遜擁護啟蒙運動的理想、價值觀和教義。
自 1790 年代以來，有傳言稱杰斐遜與他的嫂子兼奴隸莎莉·海明斯生了孩子，引發了所謂的杰斐遜-海明斯爭議。 1998 年的 DNA 測試得出結論，莎莉·海明斯的一個孩子埃斯頓·海明斯屬於杰斐遜父系。根據學術共識，根據文獻和統計評估以及口述歷史，杰斐遜可能與海明斯生育了至少六個孩子，其中四個活到了成年。
從公職退休後，杰斐遜創立了弗吉尼亞大學。總統學者和歷史學家普遍讚揚杰斐遜的公共成就，包括他在弗吉尼亞倡導宗教自由和寬容、他在沒有戰爭或爭議的情況下從法國和平獲取路易斯安那領土，以及他雄心勃勃且成功的劉易斯和克拉克遠征。一些現代歷史學家對杰斐遜個人參與奴隸制持批評態度。杰斐遜一直被評為美國歷史上十大總統之一。 | Who is Thomas Jefferson? | Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809. Among the Committee of Five charged by the Second Continental Congress with authoring the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson was the Declaration's primary author. Following the American Revolutionary War and prior to becoming the nation's third president in 1801, Jefferson was the first United States secretary of state under George Washington and then the nation's second vice president under John Adams. | Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809. Among the Committee of Five charged by the Second Continental Congress with authoring the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson was the Declaration's primary author. Following the American Revolutionary War and prior to becoming the nation's third president in 1801, Jefferson was the first United States secretary of state under George Washington and then the nation's second vice president under John Adams.
Among the nation's Founding Fathers, Jefferson is considered unmatched in his intellectual depth and breadth. His passionate writings and advocacy for human rights, including freedom of thought, speech, and religion, were a leading inspiration behind the American Revolution, which ultimately gave rise to the American Revolutionary War, American independence, and the United States Constitution. Jefferson's ideas were globally influential in shaping and inspiring the Age of Enlightenment, which proved transformational in the late 17th and 18th centuries. He was a leading proponent of democracy, republicanism, and individual rights, and produced formative documents and decisions at the state, national, and international levels.
During the American Revolution, Jefferson represented Virginia in the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia, which adopted the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. As a Virginia legislator, he drafted a state law for religious freedom. He served as the second Governor of Virginia from 1779 to 1781, during the Revolutionary War. In 1785, Jefferson was appointed the United States Minister to France, and subsequently, the nation's first secretary of state under President George Washington from 1790 to 1793. Jefferson and James Madison organized the Democratic-Republican Party to oppose the Federalist Party during the formation of the First Party System. With Madison, he anonymously wrote the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions in 1798 and 1799, which sought to strengthen states' rights by nullifying the federal Alien and Sedition Acts.
Jefferson and Federalist John Adams became friends as well as political rivals, serving in the Continental Congress and drafting the Declaration of Independence together. In the 1796 presidential election between the two, Jefferson came in second, which according to electoral procedure at the time, made him vice president to Adams. Jefferson challenged Adams again in 1800 and won the presidency. After his term in office, Jefferson eventually reconciled with Adams and they shared a correspondence that lasted 14 years. He and Adams both died on the same day, July 4, 1826, which was also the 50th anniversary of Declaration of Independence.
As president, Jefferson pursued the nation's shipping and trade interests against Barbary pirates and aggressive British trade policies. Starting in 1803, he promoted a western expansionist policy with the Louisiana Purchase, which doubled the nation's claimed land area. To make room for settlement, Jefferson began the process of Indian tribal removal from the newly acquired territory. As a result of peace negotiations with France, his administration reduced military forces. He was re-elected in 1804, but his second term was beset with difficulties at home, including the trial of former vice president Aaron Burr. In 1807, American foreign trade was diminished when Jefferson implemented the Embargo Act in response to British threats to U.S. shipping. The same year, Jefferson signed the Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves.
Jefferson was a plantation owner, lawyer, and politician, and mastered many disciplines including surveying, mathematics, horticulture, and mechanics. He was also an architect in the Palladian tradition. Jefferson's keen interest in religion and philosophy led to his appointment as president of the American Philosophical Society. He largely shunned organized religion but was influenced by Christianity, Epicureanism, and deism. Jefferson rejected fundamental Christianity, denying Christ's divinity. A philologist, Jefferson knew several languages. He was a prolific letter writer and corresponded with many prominent people, including Edward Carrington, John Taylor of Caroline, and James Madison. In 1785, Jefferson authored Notes on the State of Virginia, considered perhaps the most important American book published before 1800. Jefferson championed the ideals, values, and teachings of the Enlightenment.
Since the 1790s, Jefferson was rumored to have had children by his sister-in-law and slave Sally Hemings, leading to what is known as the Jefferson-Hemings controversy. A 1998 DNA test concluded that one of Sally Hemings's children, Eston Hemings, was of the Jefferson male line. According to scholarly consensus, based on documentary and statistical evaluation, as well as oral history, Jefferson probably fathered at least six children with Hemings, including four that survived to adulthood.
After retiring from public office, Jefferson founded the University of Virginia. Presidential scholars and historians generally praise Jefferson's public achievements, including his advocacy of religious freedom and tolerance in Virginia, his peaceful acquisition of the Louisiana Territory from France without war or controversy, and his ambitious and successful Lewis and Clark Expedition. Some modern historians are critical of Jefferson's personal involvement with slavery. Jefferson is consistently ranked among the top ten presidents of American history. |
11 | Kyle Van Zyl 在得到他所在球隊61分中的36分時，他的對手是誰？ | Van Zyl加入了東部省國王學院，在那裡他為東部省U19隊參加了2010年U19省錦標賽。他是東部省U21隊的關鍵球員，在2012年U21省錦標賽中出場8次，打進71分。Van Zyl是南非橄欖球聯盟頂級表現者之一，在2012年橄欖球青年省級比賽中打進了6個最多嘗試得分。
其中包括在他們的首場比賽中創下了紀錄和驚人的個人戰績，他在61-3擊敗博蘭德U21的比賽中打進了他隊伍的36分，包括四次嘗試和八次轉換，並被評為本場比賽的最佳球員。 | 凱爾·範齊爾在對陣博蘭U21的比賽中拿下36分，帶領球隊以61-3獲勝。 | Who was Kyle Van Zyl playing against when he scored 36 of hisa teams 61 points? | Van Zyl joined the Eastern Province Kings Academy, where he played for the Eastern Province U19 side in the 2010 Under-19 Provincial Championship. He was a key player for the Eastern Province U21 side in the 2012 Under-21 Provincial Championship, scoring 71 points in eight appearances. Van Zyl was under the Top SARU Performers, scoring the most tries at 6 in the 2012 Provincial Under 21 in the Rugby Junior Provincials.
This included a record and a remarkable personal haul in their opening match, when he scored 36 of his team's points in a 61–3 victory over Boland U21, consisting of four tries and eight conversions and was awarded Man of the Match. | Kyle Van Zyl was playing against Boland U21 when he scored 36 points, leading his team to victory in a 61-3 win. |
12 | 從文章列表中列出達累斯薩拉姆是坦桑尼亞最重要的城市的領域。以逗號分隔的格式列出結果。 | 達累斯薩拉姆（英語：Dar es Salaam，阿拉伯語：دَار السَّلَام，意為「和平之家」），簡稱達累斯，是坦桑尼亞最大的城市和金融中心，也是達累斯薩拉姆區的首府。人口超過六百萬的達累斯薩拉姆是東非最大的城市，非洲第七大城市。位於斯瓦希里海岸，是一個重要的經濟中心，也是世界上增長最快的城市之一。
該城鎮由桑給巴爾蘇丹Majid bin Said于1865年或1866年創立。它曾是德屬東非、坦噶尼喀和坦桑尼亞的主要行政和商業中心。1974年決定將首都遷至多多馬，1996年正式完成。
達累斯薩拉姆是坦桑尼亞最重要的藝術、時尚、媒體、電影、電視和金融城市。它是達累斯薩拉姆區的首府，由五個區組成：北部的金東尼區；中心的伊拉拉區；南部的烏邦戈區和特梅凱區；以及位於庫拉西尼河口以東的基甘博尼區。 | 藝術、時尚、媒體、電影、電視、金融 | From the passage list down the areas for which Dar es Salaam is Tanzania's most prominent city. List the results in comma separated format. | Dar es Salaam (/ˌdɑːr ɛs səˈlɑːm/; from Arabic: دَار السَّلَام, romanized: Dâr es-Selâm, lit. 'Abode of Peace') or commonly known as Dar, is the largest city and financial hub of Tanzania. It is also the capital of Dar es Salaam Region. With a population of over six million people, Dar is the largest city in East Africa and the seventh-largest in Africa. Located on the Swahili coast, Dar es Salaam is an important economic centre and is one of the fastest-growing cities in the world.
The town was founded by Majid bin Said, the first Sultan of Zanzibar, in 1865 or 1866. It was the main administrative and commercial center of German East Africa, Tanganyika, and Tanzania. The decision was made in 1974 to move the capital to Dodoma and was officially completed in 1996.
Dar es Salaam is Tanzania's most prominent city for arts, fashion, media, film, television, and finance. It is the capital of the co-extensive Dar es Salaam Region, one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions, and consists of five districts: Kinondoni in the north; Ilala in the centre; Ubungo and Temeke in the south; and Kigamboni in the east across the Kurasini estuary. | arts, fashion, media, film, television, finance |
13 | 什麼是多邊形？ | 多邊形是幾何中的一種形式。它是由連接線和任意數量的頂點組成的一維平面。它是由連接的線段或邊組成的閉合鏈。多邊形的頂點形成於兩條邊相交的地方。多邊形的例子有六邊形、五邊形和八邊形。任何不包含邊或頂點的平面都不是多邊形。非多邊形的一個例子是圓形。 | What is a polygon? | A polygon is a form in Geometry. It is a single dimensional plane made of connecting lines and any number of vertices. It is a closed chain of connected line segments or edges. The vertices of the polygon are formed where two edges meet. Examples of polygons are hexagons, pentagons, and octagons. Any plane that does not contain edges or vertices is not a polygon. An example of a non-polygon is a circle. |
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14 | 我該如何開始跑步？ | 確保您擁有舒適的跑鞋和服裝。從可實現的目標開始，就像 5 公里比賽一樣。如果您以前從未跑步過，請逐漸從步行開始，到快走、慢跑，最初目標是 15-30 分鐘。隨著健身水平的提高，慢慢增加跑步時間和距離。最重要的事情之一是冷靜和溫和的伸展運動。始終傾聽您身體的聲音，並在需要時休息以防止受傷。 | How do I start running? | Make sure you get comfortable running shoes and attire. Start with achievable goal in mind like a 5K race. If you never ran before, start gradually from a walk, to brisk walk, light jog aiming for 15-30mins initially. Slowly increase your running time and distance as your fitness level improves. One of the most important things is cool down and gentle stretching. Always listen to your body, and take rest days when needed to prevent injury. |
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15 | 《權力的遊戲》第四季中，Michelle MacLaren 執導了哪些集數？ | 她分別執導了《誓言守護者》和《他的名字的名字》第四季的第四集和第五集。 | Which episodes of season four of Game of Thrones did Michelle MacLaren direct? | She directed "Oathkeeper" and "First of His Name" the fourth and fifth episodes of season four, respectively. |
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16 | 什麼是過程挖掘？ | 過程挖掘是一組技術，將數據科學和過程管理領域聯繫起來，支援基於事件日誌的操作過程分析。過程挖掘的目標是將事件數據轉化為見解和行動。過程挖掘是數據科學的一個重要組成部分，受到事件數據的可用性和改進過程的願望的推動。過程挖掘技術使用事件數據來展示人、機器和組織實際上在做什麼。過程挖掘提供了新穎的見解，可以用於識別操作過程所採取的執行路徑，並解決其效能和合規問題。
過程挖掘始於事件數據。過程挖掘的輸入是事件日誌。事件日誌從特定角度檢視一個過程。日誌中的每個事件應包含（1）特定過程實例的唯一識別符號（稱為案例ID），（2）活動（正在發生的事件的描述）和（3）時間戳。可能會有其他事件屬性，涉及資源、成本等，但這些是可選的。通過一些努力，這些數據可以從支援操作過程的任何信息系統中提取。過程挖掘使用這些事件數據來回答各種與過程相關的問題。 | 流程挖掘將數據挖掘、數據科學和流程管理結合在一起，以提高流程效率。 | What is process mining? | Process mining is a family of techniques relating the fields of data science and process management to support the analysis of operational processes based on event logs. The goal of process mining is to turn event data into insights and actions. Process mining is an integral part of data science, fueled by the availability of event data and the desire to improve processes.Process mining techniques use event data to show what people, machines, and organizations are really doing. Process mining provides novel insights that can be used to identify the executional path taken by operational processes and address their performance and compliance problems.
Process mining starts from event data. Input for process mining is an event log. An event log views a process from a particular angle. Each event in the log should contain (1) a unique identifier for a particular process instance (called case id), (2) an activity (description of the event that is occurring), and (3) a timestamp. There may be additional event attributes referring to resources, costs, etc., but these are optional. With some effort, such data can be extracted from any information system supporting operational processes. Process mining uses these event data to answer a variety of process-related questions. | Process mining brings together data mining, data science and process management to find process efficiencies. |
17 | 有哪些獨特的窗簾綁帶可以自己製作？ | 您可以使用許多物品來製作窗簾繫帶。一些想法包括鏈條、圓圈和別針、黃麻繩、木珠繩、項鍊或手鐲、門把手、一段皮帶、花邊繩或一串人造花。 | What are some unique curtain tie backs that you can make yourself? | There are many items you can use to make a curtain tie back. Some ideas for this include a chain, a circle and pin, jute rope, wooden beaded rope, a necklack or bracelet, a door knob, a length of a leather belt, macrame rope, or a string of artificial flowers. |
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18 | 什麼是色散棱鏡？ | 在光學中，色散棱鏡是一種用於分散光線的光學棱鏡，即將光線分離成其光譜成分（彩虹的顏色）。不同波長（顏色）的光線將以不同的角度被棱鏡偏轉。這是由於棱鏡材料的折射率隨波長（色散）變化。通常，較長波長（紅色）的光線偏轉角度較小，而較短波長（藍色）的光線偏轉角度較大。通過棱鏡將白光分散成顏色的色散現象，使艾薩克·牛頓爵士得出結論，白光由不同顏色的混合物組成。 | 色散棱鏡是一種以不同角度色散不同波長的光的光學棱鏡。當白光穿過色散棱鏡時，它會分離成彩虹的不同顏色。 | What is a dispersive prism? | In optics, a dispersive prism is an optical prism that is used to disperse light, that is, to separate light into its spectral components (the colors of the rainbow). Different wavelengths (colors) of light will be deflected by the prism at different angles. This is a result of the prism material's index of refraction varying with wavelength (dispersion). Generally, longer wavelengths (red) undergo a smaller deviation than shorter wavelengths (blue). The dispersion of white light into colors by a prism led Sir Isaac Newton to conclude that white light consisted of a mixture of different colors. | A dispersive prism is an optical prism that disperses the light's different wavelengths at different angles. When white light is shined through a dispersive prism it will separate into the different colors of the rainbow. |
19 | 識別哪個樂器是絃樂器或打擊樂器：坎塔羅，古多克 | Gudok 是弦樂，Cantaro 是打擊樂。 | Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Cantaro, Gudok | Gudok is string, Cantaro is percussion. |
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20 | 給我前五名高爾夫裝備公司的名稱。 | Titleist、泰勒梅、卡拉威、Ping、Cobra | Give me the top 5 golf equipment company names. | Titleist, Taylormade, Callaway, Ping, Cobra |
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21 | 歷史上獲得奧運會金牌最多的個人是誰？ | 邁克爾·菲爾普斯 (Michael Phelps) 共獲得 23 枚金牌，是有史以來獲得金牌最多的人。 | What individual has won the most Olympic gold medals in the history of the games? | Michael Phelps has won the most gold medals of all time with 23 golds. |
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22 | 哪位荷蘭藝術家創作了《戴珍珠耳環的少女》？ | 維梅爾 | Which Dutch artist painted 「Girl with a Pearl Earring」? | Vermeer |
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23 | 太陽落山後會發生什麼？ | 當太陽落山時，夜晚就開始了。 | What happens when the sun goes down? | When the sun sets, the evening starts. |
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24 | 什麼是動詞？ | 動詞是描述句子主語正在做什麼的詞。動詞可以表示（身體或心理）動作、事件和存在狀態。 | What is a verb? | A verb is a word that describes what the subject of a sentence is doing. Verbs can indicate (physical or mental) actions, occurrences, and states of being. |
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24 | 什麼是動詞？ | 動詞是在語法中通常表達動作、事件或存在狀態的詞。在通常的英語描述中，無論帶或不帶助詞to，基本形式都是不定式。在許多語言中，動詞都會變形來編碼時態、體、語氣和語態 | What is a verb? | A verb is a word that in syntax generally conveys an action, an occurrence, or a state of being. In the usual description of English, the basic form, with or without the particle to, is the infinitive. In many languages, verbs are inflected to encode tense, aspect, mood, and voice |
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24 | 什麼是動詞？ | 動詞是描述活動的動作詞。動詞的例子如下：游泳、徒步旅行、騎自行車、溜冰或跳傘。所有這些單個詞和組合詞的例子都與任何生物都可以做的活動聯繫在一起。例如，當人類騎自行車時，狗可以與人類一起騎自行車。動詞的使用不僅限於人類或人，還適用於所有生物。 | What is a verb? | A verb is an action word that describes an activity. Examples of verbs are the following: swimming, hiking, biking, roller skating, or skydiving. All of these single and combination word examples are tied to an activity that any living thing can do. For example, a dog can bike ride with a human when the human is pedaling the bike. Verb use is not limited to humans or people only but applies to all living things. |
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25 | 提取蘭博基尼的所有者以及蘭博基尼為其賽車部門生產的不同型別的Huracan汽車清單。 | Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A.（意大利語發音：[autoˈmɔːbili lamborˈɡiːni]）是一家意大利豪華跑車和SUV製造商，總部位於聖阿加塔博洛尼亞。該公司通過其子公司奧迪擁有大眾集團的所有權。
意大利製造業巨頭費魯喬·蘭博基尼（1916-1993）于1963年創立了Automobili Ferruccio Lamborghini S.p.A.，以與法拉利競爭。該公司以使用後置中置發動機，後輪驅動佈局而聞名。蘭博基尼在其第一個十年內迅速增長，但在1973年全球金融危機和石油危機的影響下銷售額暴跌。1973年後，該公司的所有權發生了三次變更，包括1978年的破產。美國克萊斯勒公司于1987年控制了蘭博基尼，並於1994年將其出售給馬來西亞投資集團Mycom Setdco和印度尼西亞集團V'Power Corporation。1998年，Mycom Setdco和V'Power將蘭博基尼出售給大眾集團，隨後將其置於該集團的奧迪部門控制之下。
該品牌的產品和車型線不斷推出並投放市場，品牌生產力得到了提高。在全球金融危機和隨後的經濟危機期間，即2000年代末，蘭博基尼的銷售額下降了近50％。
蘭博基尼目前生產配備V12發動機的Aventador和配備V10發動機的Huracán，以及由雙渦輪增壓V8發動機驅動的Urus SUV。此外，該公司還為離岸賽艇比賽生產V12發動機。
蘭博基尼拖拉機公司由費魯喬·蘭博基尼于1948年創立，總部位於意大利的Pieve di Cento，繼續生產拖拉機。自1973年以來，蘭博基尼拖拉機公司已成為汽車製造商的獨立實體。
歷史
主要文章：蘭博基尼的歷史
意大利製造業巨頭費魯喬·蘭博基尼于1963年創立了該公司，旨在生產一款精緻的豪華GT跑車，以與法拉利等知名品牌競爭。該公司的第一批車型，如350 GT，于1960年代中期推出。蘭博基尼以1966年的Miura運動轎跑車而聞名，該車採用後置中置發動機，後輪驅動佈局。
蘭博基尼在其第一個十年內迅速增長，但在1973年全球金融危機和石油危機的影響下銷售額下降。費魯喬·蘭博基尼于1974年將公司出售給Georges-Henri Rossetti和René Leimer並退休。該公司于1978年破產，並於1980年被委任為Jean-Claude和Patrick Mimran兄弟的接管。 Mimrans于1984年從破產中購買了該公司，並大力投資于其擴張。在Mimrans的管理下，蘭博基尼的車型線從Countach擴充套件到包括Jalpa運動車和LM002高效能越野車。
Mimrans于1987年將蘭博基尼出售給克萊斯勒公司。在用Diablo替換Countach並停止Jalpa和LM002之後，克萊斯勒將蘭博基尼出售給馬來西亞投資集團Mycom Setdco和印度尼西亞集團V'Power Corporation。1998年，Mycom Setdco和V'Power將蘭博基尼出售給大眾集團，隨後將其置於該集團的奧迪部門控制之下。該品牌的產品和車型線不斷推出並投放市場，品牌生產力得到了提高。在全球金融危機和隨後的經濟危機期間，即2000年代末，蘭博基尼的銷售額下降了近50％。
2021年，蘭博基尼的CEO表示，到2024年，該公司的所有車型都將是混合動力的。
生產的汽車
蘭博基尼賽車部門Squadra Corse生產基於Gallardo和Huracán的GT3賽車和超級特羅菲歐洲賽車。除此之外，Squadra Corse還根據客戶要求建造汽車。
GT3和Super Trofeo汽車
Gallardo LP 570-4 Super Trofeo
Gallardo LP 560-4 Super Trofeo
Huracán LP 620-2 Super Trofeo EVO
Huracán LP 620-2 Super Trofeo EVO2
Huracán Super Trofeo GT2
Huracán GT3
Huracán GT3 Evo
Huracán GT3 Evo 2
特別車型
這些車型是Squadra Corse根據客戶要求建造的。
Essenza SCV12
SC18 Alston
SC20 | 大眾汽車集團通過其子公司奧迪擁有蘭博基尼。
蘭博基尼生產了以下 Huracan 賽車運動車型：
- Huracán LP 620-2 Super Trofeo EVO
- Huracán LP 620-2 Super Trofeo EVO2
- Huracán Super Trofeo GT2
- 胡拉坎 GT3
- Huracán GT3 Evo
- Huracán GT3 Evo 2 | Extract the owner of Lamborghini and a listing of the different types of Huracan cars that Lamborghini has produced for its Motorsport division. | Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. (Italian pronunciation: [autoˈmɔːbili lamborˈɡiːni]) is an Italian manufacturer of luxury sports cars and SUVs based in Sant'Agata Bolognese. The company is owned by the Volkswagen Group through its subsidiary Audi.
Ferruccio Lamborghini (1916–1993), an Italian manufacturing magnate, founded Automobili Ferruccio Lamborghini S.p.A. in 1963 to compete with Ferrari. The company was noted for using a rear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive layout. Lamborghini grew rapidly during its first decade, but sales plunged in the wake of the 1973 worldwide financial downturn and the oil crisis. The firm's ownership changed three times after 1973, including a bankruptcy in 1978. American Chrysler Corporation took control of Lamborghini in 1987 and sold it to Malaysian investment group Mycom Setdco and Indonesian group V'Power Corporation in 1994. In 1998, Mycom Setdco and V'Power sold Lamborghini to the Volkswagen Group where it was placed under the control of the group's Audi division.
New products and model lines were introduced to the brand's portfolio and brought to the market and saw an increased productivity for the brand. In the late 2000s, during the worldwide financial crisis and the subsequent economic crisis, Lamborghini's sales saw a drop of nearly 50 per cent.
Lamborghini currently produces the V12-powered Aventador and the V10-powered Huracán, along with the Urus SUV powered by a twin-turbo V8 engine. In addition, the company produces V12 engines for offshore powerboat racing.
Lamborghini Trattori, founded in 1948 by Ferruccio Lamborghini, is headquartered in Pieve di Cento, Italy and continues to produce tractors. Since 1973, Lamborghini Trattori has been a separate entity from the automobile manufacturer.
History
Main article: History of Lamborghini
Ferruccio Lamborghini with a Jarama and a tractor of his brand
Manufacturing magnate Italian Ferruccio Lamborghini founded the company in 1963 with the objective of producing a refined grand touring car to compete with offerings from established marques such as Ferrari. The company's first models, such as the 350 GT, were released in the mid-1960s. Lamborghini was noted for the 1966 Miura sports coupé, which used a rear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive layout.
Lamborghini grew rapidly during its first ten years, but sales fell in the wake of the 1973 worldwide financial downturn and the oil crisis. Ferruccio Lamborghini sold the company to Georges-Henri Rossetti and René Leimer and retired in 1974. The company went bankrupt in 1978, and was placed in the receivership of brothers Jean-Claude and Patrick Mimran in 1980. The Mimrans purchased the company out of receivership by 1984 and invested heavily in its expansion. Under the Mimrans' management, Lamborghini's model line was expanded from the Countach to include the Jalpa sports car and the LM002 high-performance off-road vehicle.
The Mimrans sold Lamborghini to the Chrysler Corporation in 1987. After replacing the Countach with the Diablo and discontinuing the Jalpa and the LM002, Chrysler sold Lamborghini to Malaysian investment group Mycom Setdco and Indonesian group V'Power Corporation in 1994. In 1998, Mycom Setdco and V'Power sold Lamborghini to the Volkswagen Group where it was placed under the control of the group's Audi division. New products and model lines were introduced to the brand's portfolio and brought to the market and saw an increased productivity for the brand Lamborghini. In the late 2000s, during the worldwide financial crisis and the subsequent economic crisis, Lamborghini's sales saw a drop of nearly 50 per cent.
In 2021, the CEO of Lamborghini said that by 2024 all its models will be hybrid.
Automobiles produced
Lamborghini Motorsport Division Squadra Corse produces GT3 cars and cars for their Super Trofeo events based on the Gallardo and Huracán. Apart from them, the Squadra Corse builds cars upon customer request.
GT3 and Super Trofeo Cars
Gallardo LP 570-4 Super Trofeo
Gallardo LP 560-4 Super Trofeo
Huracán LP 620-2 Super Trofeo EVO
Huracán LP 620-2 Super Trofeo EVO2
Huracán Super Trofeo GT2
Huracán GT3
Huracán GT3 Evo
Huracán GT3 Evo 2
Special cars
These cars were built by Squadra Corse upon customer request.
Essenza SCV12
SC18 Alston
SC20 | Vokswagen Group owns Lamborghini through its subsidiary, Audi.
Lamborghini has produced the following Huracan motorsport models:
- Huracán LP 620-2 Super Trofeo EVO
- Huracán LP 620-2 Super Trofeo EVO2
- Huracán Super Trofeo GT2
- Huracán GT3
- Huracán GT3 Evo
- Huracán GT3 Evo 2 |
26 | 以下哪個選項適用於交通運輸：一杯葡萄酒，一盞燈，一輛火車，一個冰塊盤，一架飛機，一輛自行車，一個蘋果和一個滑板車。 | 列表中有用的交通對像是火車、飛機、自行車和踏板車。 | Which of the following is useful for transportation: a glass of wine, a lamp, a train, an iced cube tray, a plane, a bicycle, an apple and a scooter. | The useful objects for transportation in the list are train, plane, bicyle and scooter. |
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27 | 識別哪種樂器是絃樂器或木管樂器：Panduri，Zurna | Zurna 是木管樂器，Panduri 是弦樂。 | Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Panduri, Zurna | Zurna is woodwind, Panduri is string. |
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28 | 一隻金毛壽命的平均期望是多少？ | 金毛尋回犬是一種通常健康的品種；它們的平均壽命為12至13年。爲了滿足高需求而進行的不負責任的繁殖導致了一些品系中遺傳健康問題的普遍存在，包括過敏性面板病、眼部問題和有時的易怒性。這些問題在從負責任的飼養者那裡繁殖的狗中很少遇到。 | 金毛尋回犬的平均壽命為12至13年。 | What is the average lifespan of a Golden Retriever? | Golden Retrievers are a generally healthy breed; they have an average lifespan of 12 to 13 years. Irresponsible breeding to meet high demand has led to the prevalence of inherited health problems in some breed lines, including allergic skin conditions, eye problems and sometimes snappiness. These problems are rarely encountered in dogs bred from responsible breeders. | The average lifespan of a Golden Retriever is 12 to 13 years. |
29 | 1806年誰成爲了荷蘭國王？ | 1806年，荷蘭的威廉一世成為荷蘭國王。 | Who became king of Holland in 1806? | William I of the Netherlands became king of Holland in 1806. |
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30 | Playstation和Xbox哪個更好？ | Playstation 和 Xbox 是兩種相互競爭的遊戲機，哪個“最好”將取決於遊戲玩家的喜好。從圖形和性能的角度來看，它們具有可比性，索尼的 Playstation 在技術上處於領先地位，儘管大多數遊戲玩家不太可能注意到顯著差異。從遊戲庫的角度來看，兩款遊戲機都有各自的第一方遊戲，吸引不同的人群。例如，微軟由於僅在遊戲機上提供流行遊戲《光環》而大受歡迎。另一方面，PlayStation 擁有流行的獨家遊戲，例如《戰神》和《GT賽車》。最終，哪種遊戲機最好的決定可能取決於購買者更喜歡哪些遊戲。 | What is best Playstation or Xbox | Playstation and Xbox are two competing game consoles, where which is "best" will depend on the preferences of the gamer. From a graphics and performance perspective they are comparable, with Sony's Playstation technically leading, though most gamers would be unlikely to notice a significant difference. From a game library perspective, both consoles have their respective first-party titles that appeal to different demographics. For example, Microsoft has seen great popularity due to popular title Halo being exclusively available on the console. On the other hand, Playstation has popular exclusive titles such as God of War and Gran Turismo. Ultimately the decision of which console is best will likely come down to which games titles the purchaser prefers. |
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31 | 在電影《左撇子槍手》中，誰扮演了比利·小子？ | 保羅·紐曼 | Who played Billy the Kid in The Left Handed Gun | Paul Newman |
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32 | 為什麼Syd Barrett離開了Pink Floyd？ | 西德·巴雷特 (Syd Barrett) 是平克·弗洛伊德樂隊的主要成員之一。他經常吸毒，一段時間後他就無法與球隊一起比賽了。儘管樂隊給了他多次機會，他還是跟不上樂隊的節奏。最後，他們不得不要求他離開樂隊。他離開球隊的主要原因是他的健康問題和毒癮。 | why did Syd Barrett left the Pink Floyd? | Syd Barrett was one of the main members of the Pink Floyd. He has used drugs a lot and after a while he was not able to perform with the team. Even though the band gave him multiple chances, he could not keep up with the band. In the end, they had to ask him to leave the band. The main reason that he has left the team is his health problems and addiction to drugs. |
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33 | 什麼是REST API | REST API 是一種用於構建網絡 API 的架構風格。實際上，大多數 REST API 都使用 HTTP 上的 JSON。 REST API 具有多個使其非常受歡迎的屬性。
HTTP 是互聯網上最基礎且最流行的網絡協議。通過使用HTTP，REST API可以充分利用互聯網基礎設施，從而大大降低複雜性和運營成本。例如，使用 HTTPS 實現傳輸安全，使用 URL 進行請求路由。
JSON 是一種簡單、穩定、直觀的數據格式，預計不會改變。這為 REST API 提供了極大的易用性和穩定性。對於高性能應用程序，可以改用二進制格式，例如 protobuf 或 thrift。
REST API 通常被設計為 CRUD API，其中 API 操作通常表示為對資源的創建、檢索、更新和刪除操作。 CRUD 操作自然地映射到 HTTP 方法（POST、GET、PUT/PATCH 和 DELETE），並且可以使用 URL 自然地識別 API 資源。 | what is REST API | REST API is an architectural style for building network APIs. In practice, most REST APIs are using JSON over HTTP. REST APIs have several properties that make them very popular.
HTTP is the foundational and the most popular network protocol across the internet. By using HTTP, REST APIs can fully utilize the internet infrastructure, which greatly reduce the complexity and operational costs. For example, using HTTPS for transport security, and using URL for request routing.
JSON is a simple, stable, and intuitive data format , which is not expected to change ever. This offers great ease of use and stability to REST APIs. For high performance applications, binary formats can be used instead, such as protobuf or thrift.
REST APIs are often designed as CRUD APIs, where API operations are commonly expressed as Create, Retrieve, Update, and Delete operations on resources. CRUD operations are naturally mapped to HTTP methods (POST, GET, PUT/PATCH, and DELETE), and API resources can be naturally identified using URLs. |
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34 | 什麼是承銷？ | 承保（UW）服務由一些大型金融機構（例如銀行、保險公司和投資公司）提供，保證在發生損壞或財務損失時得到付款，並承擔因此類擔保而產生的責任的財務風險。承銷安排可以在多種情況下制定，包括保險、公開發行證券發行和銀行貸款等。同意出售最低數量的公司證券以獲取佣金的個人或機構稱為承銷商。
“承保”一詞源自倫敦勞合社保險市場。金融支持者（或風險承擔者）願意接受特定冒險（歷史上具有相關海難風險的海上航行）的部分風險以換取溢價，他們會在風險信息下方寫上自己的名字。勞合社的單據就是為此目的而創建的。 | What is underwriting? | Underwriting (UW) services are provided by some large financial institutions, such as banks, insurance companies and investment houses, whereby they guarantee payment in case of damage or financial loss and accept the financial risk for liability arising from such guarantee. An underwriting arrangement may be created in a number of situations including insurance, issues of security in a public offering, and bank lending, among others. The person or institution that agrees to sell a minimum number of securities of the company for commission is called the underwriter.
The term "underwriting" derives from the Lloyd's of London insurance market. Financial backers (or risk takers), who would accept some of the risk on a given venture (historically a sea voyage with associated risks of shipwreck) in exchange for a premium, would literally write their names under the risk information that was written on a Lloyd's slip created for this purpose. |
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35 | 給我列出一些好的咖啡店的特點。 | 好的咖啡店的一些特徵包括：
- 非常好的咖啡，要么是本地新鮮烘焙的，要么是從優質烘焙商那裡購買的
- 高端咖啡研磨機、沖泡機、高品質濃縮咖啡機和訓練有素的咖啡師
- 提供不同的咖啡烘焙選項（即中度烘焙、深度烘焙）和沖泡方法（即滴濾咖啡和手衝咖啡）
- 各種咖啡館美食，如糕點和羊角麵包，可與咖啡一起購買
- 座位充足，大多數座位均配有電源插座。 | Give me a list of some characteristics of a good coffee shop? | Some characteristics of good coffee shops include:
- Very good coffee, either freshly roasted locally or acquired from a quality roaster
- High end coffee grinders, brewing machines, and a high quality espresso machine and well-trained baristas
- Different coffee roast options (i.e. medium roast, dark roast) and brewing methods (i.e. drip coffee and pour-over) available
- A variety of cafe fare, such as pastries and croissants, available for purchase to accompany coffee
- Ample seating, with power outlets available by most seats. |
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36 | 請總結一下領英的業務。 | LinkedIn（/lɪŋktˈɪn/）是一個以商業和就業為重點的社交媒體平臺，通過網站和移動應用程式運作。它于2003年5月5日推出，現在歸微軟所有。該平臺主要用於專業人士的社交網路和職業發展，允許求職者發佈他們的簡歷和僱主發佈工作。從2015年起，該公司的大部分收入來自向招聘人員和銷售專業人員出售有關其成員資訊的訪問許可權。自2016年12月以來，它已成為微軟的全資子公司。截至2023年3月，LinkedIn在200多個國家和地區擁有超過9億註冊會員。
LinkedIn允許會員（包括工人和僱主）建立個人資料並在線上社交網路中相互連線，這可能代表現實世界中的專業關係。會員可以邀請任何人（無論是現有會員還是非會員）成為連線。LinkedIn還可以用於組織線下活動、加入群組、撰寫文章、發佈招聘資訊、發佈照片和視訊等。 | Linkedin 是一個社交平台，商業專業人士可以在上面創建個人資料並與其他商業專業人士建立聯繫。它用於建立人際網絡、職業發展以及求職者尋找工作。 Linkedin 擁有來自 200 多個國家/地區的 9 億多用戶。 Linkedin 可用於發布簡歷、組織活動、加入群組、撰寫文章、發布職位發布、發布圖片、發布視頻等等！ | Please summarize what Linkedin does. | LinkedIn (/lɪŋktˈɪn/) is a business and employment-focused social media platform that works through websites and mobile apps. It launched on May 5, 2003. It is now owned by Microsoft. The platform is primarily used for professional networking and career development, and allows jobseekers to post their CVs and employers to post jobs. From 2015 most of the company's revenue came from selling access to information about its members to recruiters and sales professionals. Since December 2016, it has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Microsoft. As of March 2023, LinkedIn has more than 900 million registered members from over 200 countries and territories.
LinkedIn allows members (both workers and employers) to create profiles and connect with each other in an online social network which may represent real-world professional relationships. Members can invite anyone (whether an existing member or not) to become a connection. LinkedIn can also be used to organize offline events, join groups, write articles, publish job postings, post photos and videos, and more. | Linkedin is a social platform that business professionals create profiles on and network with other business professionals. It is used to network, career development, and for jobseekers to find jobs. Linkedin has over 900 million users from over 200 countries. Linkedin can be used to post resumes/CVs, organizing events, joining groups, writing articles, publishing job postings, posting picture, posting videos, and more! |
37 | 誰救了安德洛墨達免遭海怪的侵襲？ | 珀爾修斯 | Who saved Andromeda from the sea monster | Perseus |
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38 | 我如何為Spark做貢獻？ | 是的，Spark 是一個開源項目，任何人都可以為其做出貢獻。 | How can I contribute to Spark? | Yes, Spark is an open source project and anyone can contribute to it. |
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39 | 「盧米埃兄弟」是誰？ | 盧米埃爾運動（英語：The Lights）是一場始於 17 世紀下半葉的文化、哲學、文學和知識運動，起源於西歐並傳播到歐洲其他地區。其中包括巴魯克·斯賓諾莎、大衛·休謨、約翰·洛克、愛德華·吉本、伏爾泰、讓·雅克·盧梭、丹尼斯·狄德羅、皮埃爾·貝爾和艾薩克·牛頓等哲學家。這一運動受到南歐科學革命的影響，而科學革命直接源於意大利文藝復興時期的伽利略·伽利萊等人。隨著時間的推移，它逐漸意味著 Siècle des Lumières，英語中的啟蒙時代。[注 1]
該運動的成員將自己視為進步的精英，並與宗教和政治迫害作鬥爭，與他們所認為的過去幾個世紀的非理性、專斷、蒙昧主義和迷信作鬥爭。他們重新定義了知識的研究，以適應他們那個時代的倫理和美學。他們的作品對 18 世紀末的美國獨立宣言和法國大革命產生了巨大影響。
盧米埃爾運動的這種知識和文化復興，從最嚴格的意義上來說，僅限於歐洲。這些想法在歐洲很容易理解，但在法國之外，“啟蒙”的概念通常意味著來自外部的光，而在法國，它意味著來自自身內部的光。
用最一般的術語來說，在科學和哲學中，啟蒙運動的目標是理性戰勝信仰和信念。在政治和經濟上，資產階級對貴族和神職人員的勝利。 | Who are ''The Lumières" ? | The Lumières (literally in English: The Lights) was a cultural, philosophical, literary and intellectual movement beginning in the second half of the 17th century, originating in western Europe and spreading throughout the rest of Europe. It included philosophers such as Baruch Spinoza, David Hume, John Locke, Edward Gibbon, Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Denis Diderot, Pierre Bayle and Isaac Newton. This movement is influenced by the scientific revolution in southern Europe arising directly from the Italian renaissance with people like Galileo Galilei. Over time it came to mean the Siècle des Lumières, in English the Age of Enlightenment.[Note 1]
Members of the movement saw themselves as a progressive élite, and battled against religious and political persecution, fighting against what they saw as the irrationality, arbitrariness, obscurantism and superstition of the previous centuries. They redefined the study of knowledge to fit the ethics and aesthetics of their time. Their works had great influence at the end of the 18th century, in the American Declaration of Independence and the French Revolution.
This intellectual and cultural renewal by the Lumières movement was, in its strictest sense, limited to Europe. These ideas were well understood in Europe, but beyond France the idea of "enlightenment" had generally meant a light from outside, whereas in France it meant a light coming from within oneself.
In the most general terms, in science and philosophy, the Enlightenment aimed for the triumph of reason over faith and belief; in politics and economics, the triumph of the bourgeois over nobility and clergy. |
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40 | 使用文字中的例子，給我一個支援美國賠償奴隸制度的主要論點的摘要，以及實施這種賠償的預期成本。 | 奴隸制在美國於1865年隨著美國內戰的結束和美國憲法第十三修正案的批準而結束，該修正案宣佈「在美國境內或任何受其管轄的地方，都不得存在奴隸制或強制勞役，除非被正式定罪的罪犯作為懲罰」。當時，大約有400萬非裔美國人獲得了自由。
支援賠償
在政治領域，一項要求賠償奴隸制的法案已在國家層面上提出，即「研究和制定針對非裔美國人賠償方案的委員會法案」，前眾議員約翰·康耶斯（D-MI）從1989年起每年重新提交給美國國會，直到他在2017年辭職。正如其名稱所示，該法案建議成立一個委員會，研究「奴隸制對我們國家社會、政治和經濟生活的影響」。然而，美國的一些城市和機構已經開始實施賠償（請參見§立法和其他行動的列表）。
1999年，非裔美國律師和活動家蘭德爾·羅賓遜（Randall Robinson）撰寫了一篇文章，稱美國的種族暴動、私刑和制度性歧視已經「導致非裔美國人損失了1.4萬億美元」。經濟學家羅伯特·布朗（Robert Browne）表示，賠償的最終目標應該是「恢復黑人社區的經濟地位，如果沒有遭受奴隸制和歧視的話」。他估計公正的賠償價值在1.4到4.7萬億美元之間，或者每個現今生活的黑人美國人大約142,000美元（相當於2021年的162,000美元）。其他估計值在5.7萬億美元至14.2萬億美元和17.1萬億美元之間。
2014年，美國記者塔內西·科茨（Ta-Nehisi Coates）發表了一篇名為「賠償的理由」的文章，討論了奴隸制和吉姆·克勞法的持續影響，並提出了重新要求賠償的要求。科茨提到了約翰·康耶斯（John Conyers Jr.）眾議員的H.R.40法案，指出國會未能通過該法案表達了他們不願意糾正過去錯誤的意願。
2016年9月，聯合國非洲裔人權問題專家工作組鼓勵國會通過H.R.40研究賠償方案。然而，工作組並沒有直接支援任何具體的賠償提案。報告指出，美國存在種族不平等的遺產，解釋說「儘管自吉姆·克勞法的執行結束和爭取民權以來發生了重大變化，但確保一組人對另一組人的支配的意識形態仍然對今天的非裔美國人的民事、政治、經濟、社會和文化權利產生負面影響」。報告指出，「白人至上主義的危險意識形態抑制了美國人民的社會凝聚力」。
2020年，黑人的命也是命運動將賠償列為他們在美國的政策目標之一，賠償問題再次引起了人們的關注。
2020年，說唱歌手T.I.支援賠償，他提出每個非裔美國人應該獲得100萬美元的賠償，並聲稱奴隸制導致了大規模的監禁、貧困和其他問題。 | 儘管自吉姆·克勞法結束以來發生了進步，爭取公民權利的鬥爭取得了成功，但美國仍然存在固有的種族不平等，這對當今非裔美國人的公民、政治、經濟、社會和文化權利產生了負面影響。聯合國 2016 年的一份報告沒有認可具體的賠償提案，但確實指出美國人口中存在白人至上的意識形態，抑制了社會凝聚力。人們還提出了進一步的論點，認為奴隸制是影響當今非裔美國人的大規模監禁、貧困和其他弊病的一個原因。
可以說，在每年向國會提交的“研究和製定非洲黑人賠償提案委員會”報告中，存在一種內在的承認，即該案件的存在是為了審查奴隸制對美國社會、政治和經濟生活的影響。 “美國法案”。美國也有個別城市製定了賠償方案。美國歧視歷史給非裔美國人造成的損失估計有不同的估計，分別為1.4 萬億美元、4.7 萬億美元、5.7 萬億美元、14.2 萬億美元和17.1 萬億美元。這些估計表示將黑人社區恢復到沒有遭受奴役和歧視的經濟地位所需的預計成本（以美元為單位）。 | Using examples taken from the text give me a summary of the main arguments in favour of slavery reparations in the United States and the anticipated cost of enacting such reparations | Slavery ended in the United States in 1865 with the end of the American Civil War and the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which declared that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction". At that time, an estimated four million African Americans were set free.
Support for reparations
Within the political sphere, a bill demanding slavery reparations has been proposed at the national level, the "Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African-Americans Act," which former Rep. John Conyers Jr. (D-MI) reintroduced to the United States Congress every year from 1989 until his resignation in 2017. As its name suggests, the bill recommended the creation of a commission to study the "impact of slavery on the social, political and economic life of our nation"., however there are cities and institutions which have initiated reparations in the US (see § Legislation and other actions for a list).
In 1999, African-American lawyer and activist Randall Robinson, founder of the TransAfrica advocacy organization, wrote that America's history of race riots, lynching, and institutional discrimination have "resulted in $1.4 trillion in losses for African Americans". Economist Robert Browne stated the ultimate goal of reparations should be to "restore the black community to the economic position it would have if it had not been subjected to slavery and discrimination". He estimates a fair reparation value anywhere between $1.4 to $4.7 trillion, or roughly $142,000 (equivalent to $162,000 in 2021) for every black American living today. Other estimates range from $5.7 to $14.2 and $17.1 trillion.
In 2014, American journalist Ta-Nehisi Coates published an article titled "The Case for Reparations", which discussed the continued effects of slavery and Jim Crow laws and made renewed demands for reparations. Coates refers to Rep. John Conyers Jr.'s H.R.40 Bill, pointing out that Congress's failure to pass this bill expresses a lack of willingness to right their past wrongs.
In September 2016, the United Nations' Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent encouraged Congress to pass H.R.40 to study reparations proposals. Still, the Working Group did not directly endorse any specific reparations proposal. The report noted that there exists a legacy of racial inequality in the United States, explaining that "Despite substantial changes since the end of the enforcement of Jim Crow and the fight for civil rights, ideology ensuring the domination of one group over another, continues to negatively impact the civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights of African Americans today." The report notes that a "dangerous ideology of white supremacy inhibits social cohesion among the US population".
The topic of reparations gained renewed attention in 2020 as the Black Lives Matter movement named reparations as one of their policy goals in the United States.
In 2020, rapper T.I. supported reparations that would give every African American US$1 million and asserted that slavery caused mass incarcerations, poverty, and other ills. | In spite of progressive changes since the end of enforcement of Jim Crow and the successes of the fight for civil rights there are still inherent racial inequalities in the USA which negatively affect the civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights of African Americans today. A United Nations report of 2016 did not endorse a specific reparations proposal, but did call out that there is an ideology of white supremacy present in the population of the United States that inhibits social cohesion. Further arguments have been made identifying slavery as a cause of mass incarcerations, poverty and other ills that affect today』s African Americans.
It could be argued that there is an inherent acknowledgement that the case exists to examine the impact of slavery on the social, political and economic life of the United States in the annual submission to Congress of the "Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African-Americans Act」. There are also individual cities within the USA which have instituted reparations. Estimates of the cost to African Americans of the United States』 history of discrimination have been estimated variously at $1.4 trillion, $4.7 trillion, $5.7 trillion, $14.2 trillion and $17.1 trillion. These estimates express the projected cost in $ to restore the black community to the economic position it would have if it had not been subjected to slavery and discrimination. |
41 | 輪子是什麼時候發明的？ | 沒有人知道輪子是什麼時候第一次製造出來的。考古證據似乎表明，大約 7000 年前的新石器時代，輪子首次在美索不達米亞被用來製作陶器。後來，它被用來製造戰車。早在公元前 3000 年，蘇美爾就已經發現了戰車車輪。輪子是人類歷史上最重要的發明之一。它對於製作陶器和在陸地上行走非常有用。它也是機器的關鍵部件。 | When was the wheel invented? | No one knows when the wheel was first made. Archaeological evidence seems to show that the wheel was first used to make pottery in Mesopotamia about 7,000 years ago, during the Neolithic period. Later, it was used to make chariots. Chariot wheels have been found in Sumer as early as 3000 BC. The wheel is one of the most important inventions in human history. It was very useful for making pottery and getting around on land. It is also a key part of machines. |
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42 | 編寫一場場景，兩個演員討論電影《盜夢空間》。 | 女演員1：“天哪，你看過《盜夢空間》嗎？”
演員2：“是的！那部電影讓我大吃一驚。你覺得怎麼樣？”
女演員 1：“老實說，我對大部分內容都很困惑。但它太有趣了，我無法將目光移開。我必須知道發生了什麼。”
演員2：“這正是我的感受。這是一部你必須注意每一個細節的電影，否則你就會迷路。”
女演員 1：“當然。他們玩弄時間和現實的方式非常酷。我想我以前從未看過這樣的電影。”
演員2：“是的，進入某人的夢境並植入一個想法的想法令人難以置信。而且他們執行的方式做得非常好。”
女演員 1：“是的。演員陣容也很棒。萊昂納多·迪卡普里奧一如既往地令人難以置信，我喜歡看到艾倫·佩吉扮演不同類型的角色。”
演員2：“當然。而且動作場面非常激烈。零重力走廊打鬥太瘋狂了。”
女演員 1：“天哪，是的。我對那個結局感到非常興奮。而結局……我仍然無法決定它意味著什麼。”
演員2：“我知道，對吧？這是一部會給你留下很多疑問的電影。但這也是它如此偉大的部分原因。”
女演員 1：“沒錯。我喜歡電影挑戰我思考並讓我想要更多。《盜夢空間》確實做到了這一點。”
演員 2：“同意。這絕對是我一直以來的最愛之一。我可以看一百遍，但仍然會發現新的東西。”
女演員 1：“這裡也一樣。這只是其中一部在結束後仍讓你難以忘懷的電影。” | write a scene between two actors discussing movie Inception | Actress 1: "Oh my god, have you seen Inception?"
Actor 2: "Yes! That movie blew my mind. What did you think of it?"
Actress 1: "Honestly, I was so confused for most of it. But it was so interesting, I couldn't look away. I had to know what was going on."
Actor 2: "That's exactly how I felt. It's one of those movies that you have to pay attention to every detail, or you'll get lost."
Actress 1: "Absolutely. And the way they played with time and reality was so cool. I don't think I've ever seen a movie like that before."
Actor 2: "Yeah, the concept of entering someone's dreams to implant an idea was mind-boggling. And the way they executed it was so well done."
Actress 1: "It was. And the cast was amazing too. Leonardo DiCaprio was incredible as usual, and I loved seeing Ellen Page in a different type of role."
Actor 2: "Definitely. And the action scenes were so intense. The zero-gravity hallway fight was insane."
Actress 1: "Oh my god, yes. I was on the edge of my seat for that one. And the ending...I still can't decide what it means."
Actor 2: "I know, right? It's one of those movies that leaves you with so many questions. But that's part of what makes it so great."
Actress 1: "Exactly. I love when movies challenge me to think and leave me wanting more. Inception definitely did that."
Actor 2: "Agreed. It's definitely one of my all-time favorites. I could watch it a hundred times and still discover something new."
Actress 1: "Same here. It's just one of those movies that sticks with you long after it's over." |
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43 | 恐龍有嘴唇嗎？ | 最近的研究表明，人們普遍認為恐龍有裸露的牙齒可能是錯誤的，目前的假設是霸王龍確實有嘴唇。朴茨茅斯大學馬克·威頓博士 2023 年的一項研究表明，《侏羅紀公園》等電影中對恐龍的流行描述已經過時。該研究檢查了一顆在霸王龍口中呆了 500 多天的大牙齒，沒有發現明顯磨損的證據，這與在獸腳亞目恐龍家族中發現的所有牙齒發現結果一致。與沒有嘴唇且牙齒更容易受損的短吻鱷和鱷魚相比，該理論認為，證據表明包括霸王龍在內的獸腳類恐龍確實有嘴唇。如果恐龍沒有嘴唇，牙齒上薄薄的牙釉質上的磨損預計會與鱷魚等現代動物更加一致。 | Did dinosaurs have lips? | Recent research suggests that the popular perception that dinosaurs had exposed teeth may be incorrect, and the current hypothesis is that the Tyrannosaurus rex did indeed have lips. A 2023 study by Dr Mark Witton of the University of Portsmouth said popular depictions of dinosaurs in movies like Jurassic Park are out of date. The study examined a large tooth that had spent over 500 days in the mouth of a Tyrannosaurus rex with no evidence of substantial wear, which is consistent with all findings of teeth found in the theropod family of dinosaurs. When contrasted with alligators and crocodiles, who have no lips and have more easily damaged teeth the theory says the evidence points to theropods, including Tyrannosaurus rex did indeed have lips. There would have been expected to be wear on the thin enamel on the teeth far more consistent with modern animals like crocodiles if dinosaurs had no lips. |
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44 | 百合花對貓咪安全嗎？ | 不可以，食用百合對貓有毒，因此不應將其飼養在有貓的家庭中 | Are lilies safe for cats? | No, lilies are toxic to cats if consumed and should not be kept in a household with cats |
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45 | 什麼是陽光衰退？ | 它被稱為太陽黑子幾乎不可見的最深時期。最深時期與稱為太陽極小期的太陽週期過程有關 | What is Sunshine Recession? | It is known as the deepest period in which sunspots are not virtually visible. Deepest period is related to sun cycle's process called solar minimum |
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46 | 荷蘭使用的貨幣是什麼？ | 荷蘭使用的貨幣是歐元。 | What is the currency in use in the Netherlands? | The currency in use in the Netherlands is the euro. |
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47 | 世界上最好的電視劇是什麼？ | 《嗜血法醫》(Dexter) - 《嗜血法醫》非常令人興奮，它應該是世界上最好的電視劇 | What is the best tv series in the world | Dexter- The Dexter is so exciting to watch that it should be the best TV series in the world |
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48 | 誰是第一個錄製《Needles and Pins》這首歌的人？ | 「Needles and Pins」是一首搖滾歌曲，由美國作曲家傑克·尼采和桑尼·博諾創作。杰基·德香農在1963年錄製了這首歌曲，之後也有其他版本。最成功的版本是由搜索者樂隊演唱的，他們的版本在1964年達到了英國單曲榜的冠軍，而Smokie樂隊在1977年也取得了全球性的成功。其他演唱這首歌曲的藝人包括Ramones、Gene Clark以及Tom Petty和The Heartbreakers與Stevie Nicks。
杰基·德香農版本（1963年）
博諾在自傳中寫道，他跟隨尼采的吉他演奏唱出了旋律和歌詞，由和絃進行引導。然而，杰基·德香農聲稱這首歌是在鋼琴上創作的，她與尼采和博諾一起全程參與了這首歌曲的創作，儘管她沒有得到正式的創作權。
德香農是第一個錄製這首歌曲的藝人，在美國，這首歌曲在1963年5月的Billboard Hot 100單曲榜上排名第84位。儘管它只是一個小小的美國熱門單曲，但德香農的這首歌曲在加拿大排名第一，于1963年7月在CHUM榜上排名第一。 | 第一個錄製 Needles and Pins 歌曲的藝術家是 DeShannon。 | Who was the first to record the Needles and Pins song? | "Needles and Pins" is a rock song credited to American writers Jack Nitzsche and Sonny Bono. Jackie DeShannon recorded it in 1963 and other versions followed. The most successful ones were by the Searchers, whose version reached No. 1 on the UK singles chart in 1964, and Smokie, who had a worldwide hit in 1977. Others who recorded the song include the Ramones, Gene Clark, and Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers with Stevie Nicks.
Jackie DeShannon version (1963)
In his autobiography, Bono states that he sang along with Nitzsche's guitar-playing, thus creating both the tune and the lyrics, being guided by the chord progressions. However, Jackie DeShannon claims that the song was written at the piano, and that she was a full participant in the song's creation, along with Nitzsche and Bono, although she did not get formal credit.
DeShannon was the first to record the song; in the US it peaked at number 84 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart in May 1963. Though it was only a minor US hit, DeShannon's recording of the song topped the charts in Canada, hitting number one on the CHUM Chart in July 1963 | The first artist to record Needles and Pins song was DeShannon. |
49 | 請提供一份不同型別的攀巖繩索清單。 | 不同型別的攀爬需要特定的安全帶特徵。運動攀巖者通常使用簡約的安全帶，有些帶有縫合的裝備環。高山攀巖者通常選擇輕量級的安全帶，可能帶有可拆卸的腿環。大墻攀巖者通常喜歡帶有加厚腰帶和腿環的安全帶。還有專門為兒童設計的全身安全帶，因為他們的骨盆可能太窄，無法安全地支撐標準安全帶。這些安全帶即使倒掛時也能防止兒童跌落，可以是專門為兒童製造的，也可以是由織帶製成的。有些攀巖者在有倒掛的可能性或攜帶重物時使用全身安全帶。還有胸部安全帶，只能與坐式安全帶結合使用。UIAA的測試結果表明，胸部安全帶對頸部的衝擊不會比坐式安全帶更大，因此具有與全身安全帶相同的優點。
除了這些安全帶外，還有洞穴和峽谷安全帶，它們都有不同的用途。例如，洞穴安全帶由耐用的防水和無襯墊材料製成，具有雙重連線點。從這些連線點中釋放maillon可以快速鬆開安全帶。
峽谷安全帶有點像攀巖安全帶，通常沒有襯墊，但有座椅保護器，使得下降更加舒適。這些通常有一個Dyneema的單個連線點。 | 簡約背帶：有縫製的齒輪環
輕型背帶：具有可拆卸的腿環
Big Wall Harness：使用帶襯墊的腰帶和腿環
全身式安全帶：主要適用於骨盆較小的兒童，或有倒立風險的情況
胸部安全帶：與坐式安全帶一起使用
探洞安全帶：由超耐用材料製成，具有多個連接點
Canyon 安全帶：具有內置的繩降座椅保護器。 | Provide me a list of the different types of harnesses used in rock climbing | Different types of climbing warrant particular features for harnesses. Sport climbers typically use minimalistic harnesses, some with sewn-on gear loops. Alpine climbers often choose lightweight harnesses, perhaps with detachable leg loops. Big Wall climbers generally prefer padded waist belts and leg loops. There are also full body harnesses for children, whose pelvises may be too narrow to support a standard harness safely. These harnesses prevent children from falling even when inverted, and are either manufactured for children or constructed out of webbing. Some climbers use full body harnesses when there is a chance of inverting, or when carrying a heavy bag. There are also chest harnesses, which are used only in combination with a sit harness. Test results from UIAA show that chest harnesses do not put more impact on the neck than sit harnesses, giving them the same advantages as full body harness.
Apart from these harnesses, there are also caving and canyoning harnesses, which all serve different purposes. For example, a caving harness is made of tough waterproof and unpadded material, with dual attachment points. Releasing the maillon from these attachment points loosens the harness quickly.
Canyoning harnesses are somewhat like climbing harnesses, often without the padding, but with a seat protector, making it more comfortable to rappel. These usually have a single attachment point of Dyneema. | Minimalistic Harness: has gear loops that are sewn on
Lightweight Harness: has leg loops that are removable
Big Wall Harness: uses padded waist belts and leg loops
Full Body Harness: mostly for children with small pelvises, or for scenarios that risk inversion
Chest Harness: to be used with a sit harness
Caving Harness: made of ultra durable material and multiple attachment points
Canyon Harness: has a built-in seat protector for rappeling. |
50 | 想出一些家庭規則，促進健康的家庭關係 | 使用善意的話語
心懷感激
先考慮別人再考慮自己
努力工作
說實話
心存感激
信守承諾
選擇快樂
永遠說“我愛你”
善待
互相鼓勵 | Think of some family rules to promote a healthy family relationship | Use Kind words
Be grateful
Think of others before yourself
Work hard
Be Honest
Be thankful
Keep your promises
Choose to be happy
Always say 'I Love You'
Be kind
Encourage each other |
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51 | 在《冰與火之歌》系列中，誰是卡史塔克家族的創始人？ | 卡隆·史塔克 | In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Karstark? | Karlon Stark |
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52 | `什麼是富氧混合氣，潛水員為什麼要使用富氧混合氣潛水 | 高氧空氣又稱高氧空氣，是一種含氧量超過21%的空氣。 21%的氧氣是我們在地球上呼吸的正常空氣。使用富氧空氣的主要好處是延長潛水員在水底的時間，並減少達到無減壓極限的需要。這個優勢對於更深的潛水確實很有好處。
例如，在80英尺深度，普通空氣可以持續約30分鐘，而32%氧氣的富氧空氣可以持續45分鐘，36%氧氣可以持續55分鐘。
雖然富氧空氣確實有利於延長水下時間，但重要的是潛水員在使用富氧空氣潛水之前接受使用富氧空氣的培訓。 | What is enriched air and why would divers dive with enriched air? | Enriched air, also known as nitrox, is one kind of air with more than 21% oxygen. 21% oxygen is the normal air we breathe on the earth. The primary benefit of using enriched air is to extend the diver's bottom time, and reduce the need to push to no decompression limit. This advantage is really beneficial in deeper diving.
For example, at 80 feet of depth, normal air can last around 30 min, while enriched air of 32% oxygen can last for 45 min and 36% can last for 55 min.
While enriched air is really beneficial in extending bottom time, it is important that divers get trained to use it before diving with enriched air. |
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53 | 哪部電影獲得了1943年奧斯卡最佳影片獎？ | 卡薩布蘭卡 | What film won the 1943 Oscar as best film | Casablanca |
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54 | 哪個更重，冷水還是熱水？ | 冷水比熱水重 | which weighs more, cold or hot water? | Cold water weighs more than hot water |
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55 | 在這段文字中，Kia Stinger 的最高時速是多少？ | 起亞聲稱Stinger的0到100公里/小時（62英里/小時）加速時間分別為2.2升柴油機車型7.7秒、2.0升汽油機車型6秒和3.3升汽油機車型4.9秒。據報道，Schreyer在德國高速公路上駕駛一輛預生產的Stinger GT，最高時速達269公里/小時（167英里/小時）。
在Car and Driver的測試中，一輛配備米其林Pilot Sport 4輪胎的全輪驅動美規GT 3.3T在賽道上實現了0-60英里/小時（0-97公里/小時）加速時間為4.6秒，橫向加速度達到0.91 g，在70英里/小時（113公里/小時）時剎車距離為164英尺（50米）。根據該出版物的報道，美國車型的最高時速按照起亞的規格為167英里/小時（269公里/小時）。在Motor Trend的測試中，配備普利司通Potenza輪胎的美規Stinger 2.0后驅四缸車型的0-60英里/小時（0-97公里/小時）加速時間為6.6秒，完成1/4英里（0.4公里）跑道的時間為15秒，60英里/小時（97公里/小時）時剎車距離為126英尺（38米）。在賽道測試中記錄的平均橫向加速度為0.85 g。 | 根據本文，起亞 Stinger 的最高時速為 269 公里/小時（167 英里/小時）。 | Given this paragraph, what is the top speed of a Kia Stinger? | Kia claims that the Stinger accelerates from zero to 100 km/h (62 mph) in 7.7, 6 and 4.9 seconds for the 2.2-liter diesel, 2.0-liter petrol and 3.3-liter petrol respectively. Schreyer reportedly drove a pre-production Stinger GT at a top speed of 269 km/h (167 mph) on the Autobahn.
During a test by Car and Driver, an all-wheel-drive U.S. spec GT 3.3T with Michelin Pilot Sport 4 tires achieved 0–60 mph (0–97 km/h) in 4.6 seconds on the track, reached 0.91 g on the skidpad and was able to stop from 70 mph (113 km/h) in 164 feet (50 m). According to this publication, the U.S. model's top speed is governed at 167 mph (269 km/h) per Kia specs. In tests conducted by Motor Trend, the four-cylinder U.S. spec Stinger 2.0 RWD on Bridgestone Potenza tires reached 60 mph (97 km/h) in 6.6 seconds, completed the 1⁄4-mile (0.4 km) run in 15 seconds and stopped from 60 mph (97 km/h) in 126 feet (38 m). The average lateral acceleration recorded in track testing was 0.85 g. | The top speed of a Kia Stinger is 269km/h (167mph) according to this text. |
56 | 寫一段短文，闡述為什麼你不應該同時養寵物貓和寵物鳥。 | 同時養寵物鳥和寵物貓並不是一個好主意，因為貓會嘗試捕獵鳥類，而鳥類自然是貓的獵物。這種狩獵本能是完全正常的，試圖訓練它不攻擊鳥類對貓來說是不公平的，因為這樣做是它的天性。然而，讓貓捕獵你的寵物鳥同樣不人道，因為這會給鳥帶來很大的壓力，並可能導致鳥受傷。較大的鳥也不是一個好主意，因為如果貓試圖攻擊鳥，鳥可能會對貓造成傷害。總的來說，同時養貓和鳥並不是一個好主意，因為它們往往不能很好地共存，寵物主人應該只選擇一種品種。 | Write a short paragraph about why you should not have both a pet cat and a pet bird. | Having both a pet bird and a pet cat is not a good idea because cats will try to hunt birds, which are naturally the prey of cats. This hunting instinct is completely normal, and it isn't fair to the cat to try to train it not to attack birds, as it is simply in its nature to do so. However, letting a cat hunt your pet bird is similarly not humane, as it will be very stressful to the bird and could lead to the bird being injured. Larger birds are also not a good idea, as the bird could cause injury to the cat if the cat tries to attack it. Overall, it just isn't a good idea to have both cats and birds, since they tend not to coexist well, and pet owners should just pick one species to have. |
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57 | 你最喜歡《加文與霍布斯》漫畫中的哪一篇？ | 《卡爾文與霍布斯》是一部標誌性漫畫，被認為是歷史上最好的漫畫之一。個人偏好可能有所不同，並且很難找到單個漫畫在其十年聯合組織中的出版率。 | What is your favorite strip from the comic Calvin and Hobbes? | Calvin and Hobbes is an iconic strip that is regarded as one of the best comic strips in history. Individual preferences may vary and it's difficult to find the publishing rate of individual strips throughout its ten year syndication. |
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58 | 為什麼一級方程式賽車跑得這麼快？ | 一級方程式賽車是世界上最快的賽車之一，時速高達 240 英里/小時。
使一級方程式賽車變得更快的因素有很多，以下是最重要的幾個方面
1. 發動機：F1 賽車擁有極其強大的發動機，在高達 20,000 rpm 的轉速下可產生約 1000 bhp 的功率
2.功率重量比：F1賽車也非常輕，重量約為800公斤，功率重量比為12000-1400馬力/噸。相比之下，最好的保時捷汽車的功率重量比僅為 300-400 馬力/噸。
2. 空氣動力學：F1賽車配備了極其複雜的空氣動力學裝置，包括後翼、前翼和車身部件，有助於減少直線速度時的空氣動力阻力，同時增加下壓力以幫助轉彎
3、輪胎：F1輪胎非常大且粘性大。當汽車快速轉彎時，這有助於汽車保持在道路上。
4.剎車：最後，F1剎車非常強大，可以極快地使汽車減速。這使得 F1 賽車在需要減速轉彎之前可以保持更長時間的最高速度。 | What makes a formula one car so fast? | Formula One cars are one of the fastest racing cars in the world reaching speeds as high as 240 mph.
There are many aspects that make formula one cars fast, below are the top few
1. Engine: F1 cars have extremely powerful engines that can generate around 1000 bhp at up to 20,000 rpm
2. Power-to-Weight ratio: F1 cars are also extremely light at around 800 kgs giving them a power-to-weight ratio of 12000-1400 hp/ton. For comparison, the best Porsche cars have a power-to-weight ratio of only 300-400 hp/ton.
2. Aerodynamics: F1 cars are fitted with extremely sophisticated aerodynamics including a rear wing, front wing and body parts that help reduce aerodynamic drag for straight-line speeds while adding downforce to help around corners
3. Tires: F1 tires are extremely large and sticky. This help the cars stick to the road as the car goes through turns very fast.
4. Brakes: Lastly F1 brakes are very powerful and can slow down a car extremely quickly. This allows F1 cars to be at top speed for much longer before needing to slow down for taking a turn. |
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59 | 不直接引用文字，給我一個關鍵酸橙派歷史的摘要。 | 酸檸檬派可能源自於1931年Borden公司的一份宣傳手冊中刊登的「魔法檸檬奶油派」食譜。該食譜歸功於Borden公司虛構的代言人簡·艾利森，包括煉乳、檸檬汁和檸檬皮、蛋黃等材料。它覆蓋著蛋白霜，烘烤后冷藏食用。據糕點師斯特拉·帕克斯稱，使用該食譜的人會用當地的食材進行改良；她將其描述為「一個驚人的提醒，美國的傳統是如何被廣告塑造的」。
一篇1933年的邁阿密報紙文章記錄了一種使用煉乳和蛋黃的「熱帶酸檸檬雪紡派」。1935年，一種名為「冰箱酸檸檬派」的特色菜被提到是佛羅里達群島的一道菜餚。1940年，一份名為「關鍵檸檬派」的食譜被刊登出來。
儘管向公眾發出了呼籲，但沒有早期的可靠來源。1927年的基韋斯特婦女俱樂部食譜沒有提到這個食譜。1926年的一份餐廳菜單包括「酸檸檬派」，但不清楚它是什麼。各種說法聲稱它早在此前就已知曉，但在1933年之前沒有任何記錄。一個廣為流傳的故事聲稱威廉·柯瑞的廚師阿姨莎莉在19世紀末發明了它。但沒有證據支援這一說法，這個故事的最早版本只能追溯到1895年，是柯瑞的旅館宣傳材料中的內容。
直到20世紀50年代，關鍵檸檬派才被推廣為佛羅里達州「最著名的美食」，並在1987年被評為「所有地區美國甜點中最偉大的一種」。 | 酸橙派是一種美式甜點派。它由酸橙汁、蛋黃和甜煉乳製成。最好搭配蛋白酥皮配料，通常用全麥餅乾皮烹製。
這道菜以小島酸橙命名，其黃色汁液與餡料相得益彰，而餡料由於使用蛋黃而通常呈黃色。
餡料是通過簡單地混合配料而製成的，無需煮蛋黃和煉乳的蛋白質以及酸性酸橙汁凝乳，無需烘烤即可使混合物變稠。 | Without quoting directly from the text give me a summary of the history of the Key Lime Pie. | Key lime pie is probably derived from the "Magic Lemon Cream Pie" published in a promotional brochure by Borden, a producer of condensed milk, in 1931. The recipe is attributed to Borden's fictional spokesperson, Jane Ellison, and includes condensed milk, lemon juice and rind, and egg yolks. It is covered with meringue, baked, and served cold. According to the pastry chef Stella Parks, users of the recipe altered it with local ingredients; she describes it as "a stunning reminder of how deeply America's traditions are shaped by advertising".
A "Tropical Lime Chiffon Pie", using condensed milk and egg yolks, is documented in a 1933 Miami newspaper article. An "icebox lime pie", was mentioned as a specialty of the Florida Keys in 1935.[full citation needed] and a recipe under the name "Key Lime Pie" was published in 1940.[full citation needed]
No earlier solid sources are known, despite appeals to the public. A 1927 Key West Women's Club cookbook does not mention the recipe. A 1926 restaurant menu includes "lime pie", but it is unclear what it was. Various accounts claim that it was known earlier, but none were recorded before 1933. A widely-reported story claims that William Curry's cook Aunt Sally invented it in the late 19th century. But there is no evidence for this, and the oldest version of this story dates to only 1895, in promotional materials for a Bed and Breakfast in Curry's former house.
It was in the 1950s that Key lime pie was promoted as Florida's "most famous treat" and in 1987 as "the greatest of all regional American desserts." | Key lime pie is an American dessert pie. It is made of lime juice, egg yolks, and sweetened condensed milk. It is best served with meringue topping and is typically cooked in a graham cracker crust.
The dish is named after the small Key limes which which have yellow juice complementing the filling which is typically yellow because of the egg yolks used.
The filling is made by simply mixing the ingredients without cooking the proteins of the egg yolks and condensed milk and the acidic lime juice curdle, thickening the mixture without baking. |
60 | LAPR是什麼？ | 這代表人壽保險保費減免。 1984 年 3 月 14 日之前，保單持有人為符合稅收減免條件的保單繳納的人壽保險費可享受稅收減免。開始實施的政策 | What is LAPR? | This stands for life assurance premium relief. Before 14 March 1984 there was tax relief on life insurance premiums paid by policyholders for policies which qualified for tax relief. Policies which started |
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61 | 美是客觀的還是主觀的？ | 對於這個問題，每個人的看法都有所不同。
從統計數據來看，人們對美麗的描述很容易看出偏好模式。這種現象的一個明顯例子是女性和男性的美麗標準。社會似乎就什麼特徵（無論是外表特徵還是內在特徵）可以認為一個人美麗達成了共識。美麗的標準也被投射到人類之外的動物品種上，例如在貓展上。
美與完美程度之間似乎存在聯繫。例如，一朵花瓣較多、沒有撕裂或划痕的玫瑰通常被認為比花瓣較少、明顯破損的玫瑰更美麗。
然而，完美的問題也提出了一個問題，因為定義完美是困難的，甚至可以說是不可能的。美麗並不一定意味著完美。例如，統計上認為大眼睛更具吸引力，但就其生物學目的而言，它們並不比小眼睛優越。因此，美麗和完美都取決於您觀察物體的角度或目的。
此外，還應該考慮到幾個世紀和文化之間關於什麼被認為是美麗的明顯波動。例如，時尚潮流和藝術風格在不斷變化。此外，觀點的多樣性表明沒有什麼東西是每個人都認為美麗的，所以即使大多數人認為某個特定的物體或事物是美麗的，它的美仍然是主觀的，因為它仍然基於不斷變化的偏好而不是客觀的真相。 | Is beauty objective or subjective? | The opinions on this question vary from person to person.
Statistically, a pattern of preference is easily visible on what people would describe as beautiful. An evident example of this phenomenon is a beauty standard for women and men. Society seems to agree on what features, both physical and internal, can deem a person beautiful. The standard of beauty is also projected beyond humans, onto animal breeds, for example, in cat shows.
A link between beauty and how closely it resembles perfection appears to exist. For example, a rose with many petals and no tears or scratches is generally seen as more beautiful than one with fewer, visibly ruined petals.
However, the question of perfection also raises a problem as it is difficult and arguably impossible to define perfection. Beauty does not necessarily mean perfection. For example, large eyes are statistically considered to be more attractive however, in terms of their biological purpose they possess no superiority to small eyes. Therefore, both beauty and perfection depend on the perspective or purpose with which you observe an object.
Furthermore, the clear fluctuations through centuries and cultures on what is considered to be beautiful should also be taken into account. Fashion trends and art styles, for instance, are constantly changing. Additionally, the diversity in opinions suggests there is nothing that is considered beautiful by everyone, so even if the majority deem a particular object or thing as beautiful, it』s beauty remains subjective because it remains based on an ever-changing preference rather than objective truth. |
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62 | 識別哪個樂器是絃樂器或打擊樂器：Kpanlogo，三味線 | 三味線是弦樂，Kpanlogo 是打擊樂。 | Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Kpanlogo, Shamisen | Shamisen is string, Kpanlogo is percussion. |
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63 | 為什麼薯片袋子打開後會變得不新鮮？ | 薯片袋裡充滿了氮氣！許多消費者認為芯片公司是為了讓你的錢充滿你的袋子的四分之三，但實際上是氮氣來保持你的芯片新鮮。這就是為什麼一旦打開袋子，就應該盡快吃完薯片。好了，現在你有理由一口氣吃完整袋薯條而不必感到內疚了。 | Why do potato chip bags become stale after opening? | Potato chip bags are filled with nitrogen! Many consumers think the chip companies are out there to get your money by filling three quarters of your bag with air, but it』s actually nitrogen to keep your chips fresh. This is why once you open the bag, you should finish the chips as soon as possible. There, now you have a reason to finish the whole bag of chips in one go without feeling guilty. |
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64 | 將以下顏色分類為原色或者次要色 | 藍、黃、綠、紅、紫、橙 | Classify each of the following as a primary color or a secondary color | blue, yellow, green, red, purple, orange |
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65 | 英屬維爾京群島（BVI）在哪裡？BVI包括哪些島嶼？ | 英屬維爾京群島（BVI），正式名稱為維爾京群島，是加勒比海的英國海外領土，位於波多黎各和美屬維爾京群島以東，安圭拉以西北。這些島嶼地理上屬於維爾京群島群島，位於小安的列斯群島的風ward群島和西印度群島的一部分。
英屬維爾京群島由托爾托拉島、維京戈爾達島、阿內加達島和喬斯特·范戴克島等主要島嶼以及50多個其他較小的島嶼和礁石組成。其中約有16個島嶼有人居住。首府羅德城位於托爾托拉島上，這是最大的島嶼，長約20公里（12英里），寬約5公里（3英里）。2010年人口普查時，該島嶼的人口為28,054人，其中23,491人居住在托爾托拉島上；目前的估計人口為35,802人（2018年7月）。 | 英屬維爾京群島（BVI），正式名稱為維爾京群島，是加勒比地區的英國海外領土，位於波多黎各和美屬維爾京群島以東、安圭拉島西北部。這些島嶼在地理上是維爾京群島的一部分，位於小安的列斯群島的背風群島和西印度群島的一部分。
英屬維爾京群島由托托拉島、維爾京戈爾達島、阿內加達島和約斯特範戴克島等主要島嶼以及 50 多個其他較小的島嶼和珊瑚礁組成。 | Where are the British Virgin Islands (BVI) and which islands are a part of the BVI? | The British Virgin Islands (BVI), officially the Virgin Islands, are a British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean, to the east of Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands and north-west of Anguilla. The islands are geographically part of the Virgin Islands archipelago and are located in the Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles and part of the West Indies.
The British Virgin Islands consist of the main islands of Tortola, Virgin Gorda, Anegada and Jost Van Dyke, along with more than 50 other smaller islands and cays. About 16 of the islands are inhabited. The capital, Road Town, is on Tortola, the largest island, which is about 20 km (12 mi) long and 5 km (3 mi) wide. The islands had a population of 28,054 at the 2010 Census, of whom 23,491 lived on Tortola; current estimates put the population at 35,802 (July 2018). | The British Virgin Islands (BVI), officially the Virgin Islands, are a British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean, to the east of Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands and north-west of Anguilla. The islands are geographically part of the Virgin Islands archipelago and are located in the Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles and part of the West Indies.
The British Virgin Islands consist of the main islands of Tortola, Virgin Gorda, Anegada and Jost Van Dyke, along with more than 50 other smaller islands and cays. |
66 | 「異交」或「近交」對後代的益處更大？ | 異族通婚通常會導致兩個不太密切的親緣關係的個體結婚，即外交配而非近親繁殖。適度的異族通婚有益於後代，因為它減少了後代遺傳兩個缺陷基因的風險。增加後代的遺傳多樣性可以提高後代繁殖的機會，直到四等親緣關係的水平；然而，四等親緣關係的個體之間的繁殖會降低進化適應度。 | “遠交”對後代更有利，因為它降低了遺傳缺陷基因的風險，提高了後代的繁殖能力。 | Does "outbreeding" or "inbreeding" benefit the offspring more? | Exogamy often results in two individuals that are not closely genetically related marrying each other; that is, outbreeding as opposed to inbreeding. In moderation, this benefits the offspring as it reduces the risk of the offspring inheriting two copies of a defective gene. Increasing the genetic diversity of the offspring improves the chances of offspring reproducing, up until the fourth-cousin level of relatedness; however, reproduction between individuals on the fourth-cousin level of relatedness decreases evolutionarily fitness. | "Outbreeding" is more beneficial to the offspring as it reduces the risk of inheriting defective genes, increasing the offspring's ability to reproduce. |
67 | 人類的未來是什麼？ | 這是一個非常開放的問題。可能是兩個方向。一種方向是人類會像恐龍一樣消失。一個方向是人類成為像神一樣的物種。對於第一個方向，可能是多種情況造成的。例如第三次世界大戰的核戰爭、極端的氣候變化。另一個方向，再生能源已準備就緒，所有癌症都可以治愈，一切都可以用人工智能機器人完成，人類生命是無限的。 | What is the future for human? | This is a very wide open question. It could be two directions. One direction is that human would just disappear like the dinosaur. One direction is that human would become a species like a god. For the first direction, it may be caused by many situations. e.g. Nuclear war from WW3, extreme climate change. For the other direction, reproduced energy is ready, all cancers can be cured, everything can be done with robot with AI, human life is unlimited. |
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68 | 列舉一些《范德普洛規則》中的名人 | 詹姆斯·肯尼迪、凱蒂·馬洛尼、拉奎爾·萊維斯、湯姆·桑多瓦爾、阿麗亞娜·馬迪克斯、湯姆·施瓦茨和拉拉·肯特 | Name some of the bravolebrities from Vanderpump Rules | James Kennedy, Katie Maloney, Raquel Leviss, Tom Sandoval, Ariana Madix, Tom Schwartz and Lala Kent |
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69 | 列舉一些1960年代著名的搖滾樂隊 | 20 世紀60 年代出現了許多著名的搖滾樂隊，包括披頭士樂隊、海灘男孩樂隊、大門樂隊、滾石樂隊、誰人樂隊、齊柏林飛艇樂隊、感恩至死樂隊、平克·弗洛伊德樂隊等。 | Name some famous rock bands from the 1960s | The 1960s had a number of famous rock bands including The Beatles, The Beach Boys, The Doors, The Rolling Stones, The Who, Led Zeppelin, The Grateful Dead, Pink Floyd, and many more. |
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70 | 誰是穆罕默德·伊賈茲·沙菲？ | Muhammad Ejaz Shafi是一位巴基斯坦政治家，曾於2002年至2018年5月擔任旁遮普省省級議會議員。
早年生活和教育
他于1969年5月1日出生在汗布爾。
他擁有文學士學位。
政治生涯
他在2002年巴基斯坦大選中作為巴基斯坦穆斯林聯盟(Q) (PML-Q)的候選人當選爲旁遮普省省級議會議員，代表選區PP-290 (Rahimyar Khan-VI)，獲得22,531票，擊敗了巴基斯坦民主運動的候選人。
他在2008年巴基斯坦大選中作為PML-Q的候選人再次當選爲旁遮普省省級議會議員，代表選區PP-290 (Rahimyar Khan-VI)，獲得24,751票，擊敗了巴基斯坦人民黨的候選人。
他在2013年巴基斯坦大選中作為巴基斯坦穆斯林聯盟(N)的候選人再次當選爲旁遮普省省級議會議員，代表選區PP-290 (Rahimyar Khan-VI)。 | 穆罕默德·埃賈茲·沙菲 (Muhammad Ejaz Shafi) 是巴基斯坦政治家，2002 年至 2018 年 5 月期間擔任旁遮普省議會議員。他於 1969 年 5 月 1 日出生於坎普爾。 | Who is Muhammad Ejaz Shafi | Muhammad Ejaz Shafi is a Pakistani politician who was a Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, from 2002 to May 2018.
Early life and education
He was born on 1 May 1969 in Khanpur.
He has the degree of the Bachelor of Arts.
Political career
He was elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (Q) (PML-Q) from Constituency PP-290 (Rahimyar Khan-VI) in 2002 Pakistani general election. He received 22,531 votes and defeated a candidate of Pakistan Awami Tehrik.
He was re-elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of PML-Q from Constituency PP-290 (Rahimyar Khan-VI) in 2008 Pakistani general election. He received 24,751 votes and defeated a candidate of Pakistan Peoples Party.
He was re-elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (N) from Constituency PP-290 (Rahimyar Khan-VI) in 2013 Pakistani general election. | Muhammad Ejaz Shafi is a Pakistani politician who was a Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, from 2002 to May 2018. He was born on 1 May 1969 in Khanpur. |
71 | 誰發明了電話？ | 1876 年，亞歷山大·格雷厄姆·貝爾 (Alexander Graham Bell) 成為第一個獲得美國專利的設備專利，該設備可以在第二台設備上生成清晰易懂的人聲複製品。
美國眾議院於2002年6月11日通過了一項決議，要求承認安東尼奧·梅烏奇的工作和對電話發明的貢獻。 | Who invented the telephone? | In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell was the first to obtain a United States patent for a device that produced a clearly intelligible replica of the human voice on a second device.
A resolution passed by the United States House of Representatives on June 11, 2002 called for recognition of Antonio Meucci's work and contributions towards the invention of the telephone. |
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72 | 誰是史密斯一家人？ | 史密斯樂隊是一支英國搖滾樂隊，成立於1982年的曼徹斯特。樂隊成員包括歌手莫里西、吉他手約翰尼·馬爾、貝斯手安迪·魯克和鼓手邁克·喬伊斯。莫里西和馬爾是樂隊的主要創作夥伴。他們被認為是20世紀80年代英國獨立音樂中最重要的樂隊之一。 | 史密斯樂隊是 20 世紀 80 年代的一支英國搖滾樂隊。主唱是莫里西。樂隊其他成員包括：吉他手約翰尼·馬爾、貝斯手安迪·洛克和鼓手邁克·喬伊斯。 | Who are the Smiths? | The Smiths were an English rock band formed in Manchester in 1982. They comprised the singer Morrissey, the guitarist Johnny Marr, the bassist Andy Rourke and the drummer Mike Joyce. Morrissey and Marr formed the band's songwriting partnership. They are regarded as one of the most important acts to emerge from the 1980s British independent music. | The Smiths were an English rock band from the 1980s. The lead singer was Morrissey. The other band members were: Johnny Marr on guitar, Andy Rourke on bass, and Mike Joyce on drums. |
73 | 給我五種方法，讓我自製的啤酒更有趣味性。 | 有無數種方法可以創造有趣的口味，這些口味要么是個人最愛，要么是嘗試複製經典啤酒和啤酒風格。構成啤酒風味特徵的因素有很多，而在家釀造自己的啤酒的樂趣之一就是您可以嘗試使用其中的每一個因素來改變自製啤酒的風味和特性。您可以通過以下五種方式更改自己的自製啤酒配方以添加有趣的口味，或者您也可以更改其他人或啤酒廠共享的現有自製啤酒配方。
1.使用不同的躍點
家庭釀酒師可以使用的啤酒花種類繁多，每種啤酒花都可以為您的啤酒帶來自己獨特的風味和香氣，從菠蘿和杏子，到松樹和樹林，再到葡萄柚髓和檸檬皮。通過在配方中使用來自同一家族或完全不同的啤酒花家族的不同啤酒花，您可以輕鬆地為啤酒的風味特徵添加有趣且通常是根本性的變化。然而，根據啤酒花在釀造過程中添加的時間，您還可以增加/減少啤酒的苦味水平，因為不同的啤酒花品種具有不同水平的α酸。
2.使用不同的酵母
除了發酵啤酒之外，酵母還會留下許多有趣的味道，並可以為您的自製啤酒帶來微妙的特性。例如，英國酵母菌株可以添加麥芽和甜味，加州酵母往往會產生乾淨清爽的啤酒，而賽松酵母則可以為啤酒添加明亮的果香風味。
3.使用不同的穀物
改變基礎麥芽的量可以增加或減少成品啤酒中的酒精含量。嘗試將一種基礎麥芽換成另一種，就像將美國淡色麥芽換成英國品種一樣，並尋找它們之間的細微差別。您還可以嘗試使用特殊穀物，例如使用稍深的烘焙穀物。
4. 添加水果、香料或香草
水果、香料、香草和其他成分是為您的自製啤酒增添完全個人特色的好方法。從新鮮草莓和羅勒到香草豆和小荳蔻，任何東西都可以真正補充啤酒中的其他麥芽、啤酒花風味。
5.改變你的水質狀況
不同的啤酒風格通常可以通過合適的水成分和不同含量的礦物質來實現所需的風味特徵。通過調整釀造水中特定礦物質的含量，可以使啤酒味道更濃郁、更甜、更乾、更苦，甚至更酸。 | Give me five ways in which I can make my homebrew beer more interesting | There are infinite ways to create interesting flavours, that are either personal favourites or attempt to replicate classic beers and beer styles. There are a number of factors that make up a beers flavour profile and part of the enjoyment brewing your own beer at home, is that you can play around with each of these to change the flavour and character of your homebrew beer. Here are five ways in which you can change your own homebrew recipe to add interesting flavours or alternatively you can alter an existing homebrew recipe shared by somebody else or a brewery.
1. Use different hops
There is a huge variety of hops available to homebrewers and each of these can introduce its own particular flavour and aroma to your beer, ranging from pineapple and apricots, to pine trees and woods, to grapefruit pith and lemon zest. By using a different hop in your recipe either from the same family or from an entirely different family of hops, you can easily add interesting and often radical changes to the flavour profile of your beer. However, depending on when the hops are added in the brewing process, you can also increase/decrease the levels of bitterness of your beer, due to different hop varieties having different levels of alpha acids.
2. Use a different yeast
Besides fermenting the beer, yeast leave behind lots of interesting flavours and can give your homebrew it's own subtle character. For example, English yeast strains can add malty and sweet flavours, California yeast tends to create a clean and crisp beer, whilst saison yeast adds bright and fruity flavours to your beer.
3. Use different grains
Changing the amount of base malts can increase or decrease the alcohol in your finished beer. Trying swapping one base malt for another, like American pale malts for a British variety, and look for the subtle differences between them. You can also play around with the specialty grains, like using a slightly darker roast.
4. Add fruit, spices or herbs
Fruits, spices, herbs, and other ingredients are a great way to add an entirely personal character to your homebrew. Anything from fresh strawberries and basil to vanilla beans and cardamom can really complement the other malty, hoppy flavours in a beer.
5. Alter your water profile
Different beer styles will typically be best achieved with a suitable water profile, with different levels of minerals to achieve the desired flavour profile. By adjusting the amounts of specific minerals found in your brewing water, beer can be made to taste fuller bodied, sweeter, drier, more bitter, or even sour. |
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74 | Bad Bunny獲得了多少個格萊美獎？ | 壞兔子榮獲 2 項格萊美獎並獲得 6 項提名 | How many Grammy Awards has Bad Bunny won? | Bad Bunny has won 2 Grammy Awards and has been nominated for 6 |
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75 | 第一座雷丁火車站是什麼時候開放的？ | 雷丁火車站是英格蘭伯克郡雷丁市的一個主要交通樞紐，位於市中心北部，靠近主要零售和商業區以及泰晤士河，距離倫敦帕丁頓站36英里（58公里）。第一個雷丁火車站于1840年3月30日開放，作為大西部鐵路（GWR）原始線路的臨時西端站。雷丁火車站是英國除倫敦以外第九繁忙的車站，也是除倫敦以外第二繁忙的換乘車站，每年有超過380萬乘客在該站換乘。 | 第一個雷丁火車站於 1840 年 3 月 30 日啟用。 | When was the first Reading railway station opened? | Reading railway station is a major transport hub in Reading, Berkshire, England. It is on the northern edge of the town centre, near the main retail and commercial areas and the River Thames, 36 miles (58 km) from London Paddington. The first Reading station was opened on 30 March 1840 as the temporary western terminus of the original line of the Great Western Railway (GWR). Reading is the ninth-busiest station in the UK outside London and the second busiest interchange station outside London with over 3.8 million passengers changing trains at the station annually. | The first Reading railway station was opened on the 30th of March, 1840. |
76 | HiFi是什麼？ | 高保真（通常縮寫為 Hi-Fi 或 HiFi）是高質量的聲音再現。它受到音響發燒友和家庭音響愛好者的歡迎。理想情況下，高保真裝置具有不可聽見的噪音和失真，並且在人類聽覺範圍內具有平坦（中性，無色）的頻率響應。
高保真與廉價音訊裝置、AM廣播或可以聽到直到1940年代末製作的錄音中的劣質「低保真」聲音形成對比。 | 貝爾實驗室於 20 世紀 30 年代初開始試驗一系列錄音技術。利奧波德·斯托科夫斯基和費城交響樂團的演奏於 1931 年和 1932 年通過費城音樂學院和新澤西州貝爾實驗室之間的電話線錄製。一些多軌錄音是在光學有聲膠片上製作的，這導致了主要由米高梅（早在 1937 年）和二十世紀福克斯電影公司（早在 1941 年）使用的新進步。 RCA Victor 於 1941 年左右開始使用光學聲音錄製多個管弦樂隊的表演，從而為 78 rpm 光盤製作了更高保真度的母帶。 20 世紀 30 年代，業餘小提琴家艾弗里·費希爾 (Avery Fisher) 開始嘗試音頻設計和聲學。他想要製作一款聽起來就像他在聽現場管弦樂隊演奏的收音機，從而實現對原始聲音的高保真度。第二次世界大戰後，哈里·F·奧爾森進行了一項實驗，測試對象通過隱藏的可變聲學濾波器聆聽現場管弦樂隊的演奏。結果證明，一旦消除了早期音響設備引入的噪音和失真，聽眾就會更喜歡高保真再現。[需要引用]
從 1948 年開始，多項創新為家庭音頻質量的重大改進創造了條件：
基於二戰後從德國引進的技術的捲對卷錄音帶幫助 Bing Crosby 等音樂藝術家以更高的保真度製作和發行錄音。
33⅓ rpm Long Play (LP) 微紋黑膠唱片的出現，具有較低的表面噪音和定量指定的均衡曲線以及降噪和動態範圍系統。作為音頻市場意見領袖的古典音樂迷很快就採用了黑膠唱片，因為與舊唱片不同，大多數古典作品都可以放在一張黑膠唱片中。
更高質量的轉盤，具有更靈敏的針
FM 收音機，與 AM 收音機相比，具有更寬的音頻帶寬，並且不易受到信號干擾和衰落的影響。
更好的放大器設計，更加註重頻率響應和更高的功率輸出能力，再現音頻而沒有可察覺的失真。
新的揚聲器設計，包括 Edgar Villchur 和 Henry Kloss 開發的聲學懸架，具有改進的低音頻率響應。
在 20 世紀 50 年代，音頻製造商使用“高保真”一詞作為營銷術語來描述旨在提供忠實聲音再現的唱片和設備。許多消費者發現與當時標準的AM 收音機和78 rpm 唱片相比，質量上的差異顯而易見，併購買了高保真留聲機和33⅓ LP，例如RCA 的New Orthophonics 和倫敦的FFRR（全頻率範圍錄音，英國Decca系統） 。發燒友注重技術特性併購買單獨的組件，例如單獨的轉盤、收音機調諧器、前置放大器、功率放大器和揚聲器。一些發燒友甚至組裝了自己的揚聲器系統。隨著 20 世紀 50 年代集成多揚聲器控制台系統的出現，高保真音響成為家庭音響設備的通用術語，在某種程度上取代了留聲機和電唱機。
在 20 世紀 50 年代末和 1960 年代初，立體聲設備和錄音的發展引發了下一波家庭音頻改進浪潮，通常來說立體聲取代了高保真音響。唱片現在在立體聲音響上播放。然而，在發燒友的世界中，高保真度的概念仍然指的是高精度聲音再現的目標以及可用於實現該目標的技術資源。這一時期被認為是“Hi-Fi 的黃金時代”，當時的真空管設備製造商生產了許多被現代發燒友認為優越的型號，並且就在固態（晶體管）設備被引入市場之前，隨後取代了電子管設備為主流技術。
20世紀60年代，FTC在音頻製造商的幫助下提出了識別高保真設備的定義，以便製造商可以清楚地說明是否符合要求，並減少誤導性廣告。
1974 年，東北大學的 Jun-ichi Nishizawa 將金屬氧化物半導體場效應晶體管 (MOSFET) 改造為音頻用功率 MOSFET。功率 MOSFET 很快由雅馬哈製造用於其高保真音頻放大器。 JVC、先鋒公司、索尼和東芝也於1974年開始製造帶有功率MOSFET的放大器。1977年，日立推出了LDMOS（橫向擴散MOS），這是一種功率MOSFET。日立是1977年至1983年間唯一的LDMOS製造商，在此期間LDMOS被用於HH Electronics（V系列）和Ashly Audio等製造商的音頻功率放大器，並用於音樂和公共廣播系統。 D 類放大器在 20 世紀 80 年代中期取得成功，當時低成本、快速開關 MOSFET 已問世。許多晶體管放大器在其功率部分使用 MOSFET 器件，因為它們的失真曲線更像電子管。
從20 世紀70 年代開始，一種流行的音樂再現系統是集成音樂中心，它將留聲機轉盤、AM-FM 收音機調諧器、磁帶播放器、前置放大器和功率放大器組合在一個包裝中，通常與單獨的、可拆卸的產品一起出售。或集成揚聲器。這些系統標榜其簡單性。消費者不必選擇和組裝單個組件或熟悉阻抗和額定功率。純粹主義者通常避免將這些系統稱為高保真度，儘管有些系統能夠再現質量非常好的聲音。
20 世紀 70 年代和 80 年代的發燒友更喜歡單獨購買每個組件。這樣，他們就可以選擇具有所需規格的每個組件的型號。 20 世紀 80 年代，出現了許多發燒友雜誌，提供組件評論以及有關如何選擇和測試揚聲器、放大器和其他組件的文章。
聽力測試
另請參閱：編解碼器聽力測試
高保真音響製造商、發燒友雜誌以及音頻工程研究人員和科學家都使用聽力測試。如果聽力測試是以這樣的方式進行的，即評估組件或錄音的音質的聽眾可以看到用於測試的組件（例如，通過電子管功率放大器收聽的同一首音樂作品和固態放大器），那麼聽眾先前存在的對某些組件或品牌的偏見可能會影響他們的判斷。為了解決這個問題，研究人員開始使用盲測，即聽眾看不到正在測試的組件。該測試的一個常用變體是 ABX 測試。向受試者提供兩個已知樣品（樣品 A，參考樣品，樣品 B，替代品）和一個未知樣品 X，總共三個樣品。 X是從A和B中隨機選擇的，受試者將X識別為A或B。雖然沒有辦法證明某種方法是透明的，但適當進行的雙盲測試可以證明某種方法不透明。
有時會使用盲測來確定某些音頻組件（例如昂貴的異國電纜）是否對音質有任何主觀可感知的影響。一些發燒友雜誌（例如 Stereophile 和 The Absolute Sound）在對音頻設備的評估中不接受從這些盲測中收集的數據。 Stereophile 現任編輯約翰·阿特金森(John Atkinson) 表示，他曾在1978 年看到盲測結果後購買了一款固態放大器Quad 405，但幾個月後才意識到“魔力已經消失”，直到他更換了它帶電子管放大器。 The Absolute Sound 的 Robert Harley 在 2008 年寫道：“……盲聽測試從根本上扭曲了聆聽過程，並且對於確定某種現象的可聽度毫無價值。”
在線 Soundstage 網絡的編輯 Doug Schneider 在 2009 年用兩篇社論反駁了這一立場。他表示：“盲測是加拿大國家研究委員會 (NRC) 幾十年來對揚聲器設計進行的研究的核心。 NRC 研究人員知道，為了讓他們的結果在科學界可信並獲得最有意義的結果，他們必須消除偏見，而盲測是做到這一點的唯一方法。” Axiom、Energy、Mirage、Paradigm、PSB 和 Revel 等許多加拿大公司在設計揚聲器時廣泛使用盲測。 Harman International 的音頻專業人士 Sean Olive 博士也同意這一觀點。 | What is HiFI? | High fidelity (often shortened to Hi-Fi or HiFi) is the high-quality reproduction of sound. It is popular with audiophiles and home audio enthusiasts. Ideally, high-fidelity equipment has inaudible noise and distortion, and a flat (neutral, uncolored) frequency response within the human hearing range.
High fidelity contrasts with the lower-quality 「lo-fi」 sound produced by inexpensive audio equipment, AM radio, or the inferior quality of sound reproduction that can be heard in recordings made until the late 1940s. | Bell Laboratories began experimenting with a range of recording techniques in the early 1930s. Performances by Leopold Stokowski and the Philadelphia Orchestra were recorded in 1931 and 1932 using telephone lines between the Academy of Music in Philadelphia and the Bell labs in New Jersey. Some multitrack recordings were made on optical sound film, which led to new advances used primarily by MGM (as early as 1937) and Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation (as early as 1941). RCA Victor began recording performances by several orchestras using optical sound around 1941, resulting in higher-fidelity masters for 78-rpm discs. During the 1930s, Avery Fisher, an amateur violinist, began experimenting with audio design and acoustics. He wanted to make a radio that would sound like he was listening to a live orchestra—that would achieve high fidelity to the original sound. After World War II, Harry F. Olson conducted an experiment whereby test subjects listened to a live orchestra through a hidden variable acoustic filter. The results proved that listeners preferred high-fidelity reproduction, once the noise and distortion introduced by early sound equipment was removed.[citation needed]
Beginning in 1948, several innovations created the conditions that made major improvements of home-audio quality possible:
Reel-to-reel audio tape recording, based on technology taken from Germany after WWII, helped musical artists such as Bing Crosby make and distribute recordings with better fidelity.
The advent of the 33⅓ rpm Long Play (LP) microgroove vinyl record, with lower surface noise and quantitatively specified equalization curves as well as noise-reduction and dynamic range systems. Classical music fans, who were opinion leaders in the audio market, quickly adopted LPs because, unlike with older records, most classical works would fit on a single LP.
Higher quality turntables, with more responsive needles
FM radio, with wider audio bandwidth and less susceptibility to signal interference and fading than AM radio.
Better amplifier designs, with more attention to frequency response and much higher power output capability, reproducing audio without perceptible distortion.
New loudspeaker designs, including acoustic suspension, developed by Edgar Villchur and Henry Kloss with improved bass frequency response.
In the 1950s, audio manufacturers employed the phrase high fidelity as a marketing term to describe records and equipment intended to provide faithful sound reproduction. Many consumers found the difference in quality compared to the then-standard AM radios and 78-rpm records readily apparent and bought high-fidelity phonographs and 33⅓ LPs such as RCA's New Orthophonics and London's FFRR (Full Frequency Range Recording, a UK Decca system). Audiophiles paid attention to technical characteristics and bought individual components, such as separate turntables, radio tuners, preamplifiers, power amplifiers and loudspeakers. Some enthusiasts even assembled their own loudspeaker systems. With the advent of integrated multi-speaker console systems in the 1950s, hi-fi became a generic term for home sound equipment, to some extent displacing phonograph and record player.
In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the development of stereophonic equipment and recordings led to the next wave of home-audio improvement, and in common parlance stereo displaced hi-fi. Records were now played on a stereo. In the world of the audiophile, however, the concept of high fidelity continued to refer to the goal of highly accurate sound reproduction and to the technological resources available for approaching that goal. This period is regarded as the "Golden Age of Hi-Fi", when vacuum tube equipment manufacturers of the time produced many models considered superior by modern audiophiles, and just before solid state (transistorized) equipment was introduced to the market, subsequently replacing tube equipment as the mainstream technology.
In the 1960s, the FTC with the help of the audio manufacturers came up with a definition to identify high fidelity equipment so that the manufacturers could clearly state if they meet the requirements and reduce misleading advertisements.
The metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) was adapted into a power MOSFET for audio by Jun-ichi Nishizawa at Tohoku University in 1974. Power MOSFETs were soon manufactured by Yamaha for their hi-fi audio amplifiers. JVC, Pioneer Corporation, Sony and Toshiba also began manufacturing amplifiers with power MOSFETs in 1974. In 1977, Hitachi introduced the LDMOS (lateral diffused MOS), a type of power MOSFET. Hitachi was the only LDMOS manufacturer between 1977 and 1983, during which time LDMOS was used in audio power amplifiers from manufacturers such as HH Electronics (V-series) and Ashly Audio, and were used for music and public address systems. Class-D amplifiers became successful in the mid-1980s when low-cost, fast-switching MOSFETs were made available. Many transistor amps use MOSFET devices in their power sections, because their distortion curve is more tube-like.
A popular type of system for reproducing music beginning in the 1970s was the integrated music centre—which combined a phonograph turntable, AM-FM radio tuner, tape player, preamplifier, and power amplifier in one package, often sold with its own separate, detachable or integrated speakers. These systems advertised their simplicity. The consumer did not have to select and assemble individual components or be familiar with impedance and power ratings. Purists generally avoid referring to these systems as high fidelity, though some are capable of very good quality sound reproduction.
Audiophiles in the 1970s and 1980s preferred to buy each component separately. That way, they could choose models of each component with the specifications that they desired. In the 1980s, a number of audiophile magazines became available, offering reviews of components and articles on how to choose and test speakers, amplifiers, and other components.
Listening tests
See also: Codec listening test
Listening tests are used by hi-fi manufacturers, audiophile magazines, and audio engineering researchers and scientists. If a listening test is done in such a way that the listener who is assessing the sound quality of a component or recording can see the components that are being used for the test (e.g., the same musical piece listened to through a tube power amplifier and a solid-state amplifier), then it is possible that the listener's pre-existing biases towards or against certain components or brands could affect their judgment. To respond to this issue, researchers began to use blind tests, in which listeners cannot see the components being tested. A commonly used variant of this test is the ABX test. A subject is presented with two known samples (sample A, the reference, and sample B, an alternative), and one unknown sample X, for three samples total. X is randomly selected from A and B, and the subject identifies X as being either A or B. Although there is no way to prove that a certain methodology is transparent, a properly conducted double-blind test can prove that a method is not transparent.
Blind tests are sometimes used as part of attempts to ascertain whether certain audio components (such as expensive, exotic cables) have any subjectively perceivable effect on sound quality. Data gleaned from these blind tests is not accepted by some audiophile magazines such as Stereophile and The Absolute Sound in their evaluations of audio equipment. John Atkinson, current editor of Stereophile, stated that he once purchased a solid-state amplifier, the Quad 405, in 1978 after seeing the results from blind tests, but came to realize months later that "the magic was gone" until he replaced it with a tube amp. Robert Harley of The Absolute Sound wrote, in 2008, that: "...blind listening tests fundamentally distort the listening process and are worthless in determining the audibility of a certain phenomenon."
Doug Schneider, editor of the online Soundstage network, refuted this position with two editorials in 2009. He stated: "Blind tests are at the core of the decades' worth of research into loudspeaker design done at Canada's National Research Council (NRC). The NRC researchers knew that for their result to be credible within the scientific community and to have the most meaningful results, they had to eliminate bias, and blind testing was the only way to do so." Many Canadian companies such as Axiom, Energy, Mirage, Paradigm, PSB, and Revel use blind testing extensively in designing their loudspeakers. Audio professional Dr. Sean Olive of Harman International shares this view. |
77 | 棕耳雉是什麼？ | 棕耳雉（學名：Crossoptilon mantchuricum）是一種大型的、長96-100釐米的深棕色雉鳥，分佈於中國東北部山區的森林中（山西和附近省份）。該物種最初由羅伯特·斯溫霍在1863年描述。它的眼後有硬而白色的耳羽，看起來像一把小鬍子。頭頂為黑色，面部裸露的面板為紅色，尾部有22根細長的白色羽毛，呈彎曲狀，鬆散而暗色尖。雌雄兩性羽色相似。 | 褐馬雞是一種大型黑褐色雉雞，原產於中國東北山林。它的眼睛後面有獨特的白色耳罩，看起來像小鬍子。它的頭冠是黑色的，面部裸露的皮膚是紅色的，尾巴上有長長的、白色的、彎曲的、鬆散的、尖端呈深色的羽毛。 | What is a brown eared pheasant? | The brown eared pheasant (Crossoptilon mantchuricum) is a large, 96– to 100-cm-long, dark brown pheasant endemic to the mountain forests of northeastern China (Shanxi and nearby provinces). The species was first described by Robert Swinhoe in 1863. It has stiff white ear coverts behind the eyes, which look like a moustache. The crown is black with red bare facial skin and its tail of 22 elongated, white feathers is curved, loose and dark-tipped. Both sexes are similar in plumage. | The brown eared pheasant is a large dark brown pheasant native to the mountain forests of northeastern China. It has distinctive white ear covert behind the eyes that look like a moustache. It's crown is black with red bare facial skin, and it has a tail with long, white, curve, loose, dark-tipped feathers. |
78 | 這些人中哪些是說唱歌手？Eminem、Michael Jackson、Rihanna、50 Cent | 阿姆，50 美分 | Which of these are rappers? Eminem, Michael Jackson, Rihanna, 50 Cent | Eminem, 50 Cent |
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79 | 劉易斯·漢密爾頓在他的第一個F1賽季中贏得了冠軍，這是真的嗎？ | 漢密爾頓在一級方程式賽車的首個賽季中與兩屆世界冠軍、衛冕冠軍費爾南多·阿隆索成為搭檔。漢密爾頓是第一位也是截至2022年唯一一位參加該系列賽事的黑人車手。在首次亮相併獲得領獎臺後，漢密爾頓創造了多項紀錄，以一分之差輸給基米·雷科寧，獲得2007年世界車手冠軍亞軍，其中包括從首次亮相開始最多連續領獎臺（9次）、首個賽季最多勝利（4次）和首個賽季最多積分（109分）等紀錄。在整個賽季中，漢密爾頓和阿隆索之間發生了許多事故，導致兩位車手和車隊之間的緊張關係加劇，最終在11月份，阿隆索和邁凱輪以互相同意的方式終止了他們的合同。在邁凱輪度過了一個成功的第一個賽季後，漢密爾頓簽署了一份價值數百萬英鎊的合同，留在車隊直到2012年。 | 劉易斯·漢密爾頓在2007年的新秀賽季並未獲得F1世界車手冠軍，冠軍頭銜被法拉利車隊的基米·萊科寧獲得。漢密爾頓在與法拉利和隊友費爾南多·阿隆索的激烈競爭後獲得亞軍，位居第二。 | Is it true that Lewis Hamilton won the championship in his first F1 season? | Hamilton's first season in Formula One saw him partner two-time and defending World Champion Fernando Alonso. Hamilton is the first and, as of 2022, the only black driver to race in the series. After finishing on the podium in his debut, Hamilton went on to set several records as he finished runner-up in the 2007 World Drivers' Championship to Kimi Räikkönen by one point, including those for the most consecutive podium finishes from debut (9), the joint most wins in a debut season (4) and the most points in a debut season (109). Throughout the season, Hamilton and Alonso were involved in a number of incidents which resulted in tensions between both drivers and the team, culminating in Alonso and McLaren terminating their contract by mutual consent in November. Following a successful first season at McLaren, Hamilton signed a multi-million-pound contract to stay with the team until 2012. | Lewis Hamilton did not win the F1 world driver's championship in his rookie season in 2007. The title went to Kimi Räikkönen in the Ferrari team. Hamilton finished runner up, in second place, after a close battle with both Ferrari and his teammate Fernando Alonso. |
80 | 有哪些適用於繡字的刺繡針法？ | 可用於刺繡字母的一些刺繡針跡包括背針跡、劈針跡、幹針跡、鍊式針跡、臥式針跡和緞紋針跡。 | What are some kinds of embroidery stitches for writing letters? | Some embroidery stitches that can be used to embroider letters are the back stitch, the split stitch, the stem stitch, the chain stitch, the couching stitch, and the satin stitch. |
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81 | 劃船中最常見的受傷是什麼？ | 劃船是一項低衝擊運動，只在規定的範圍內運動，因此扭傷和扭傷傷害很少。然而，重複的劃船動作可能會對膝關節、脊柱和前臂的肌腱造成壓力，這些部位的炎癥是最常見的劃船傷害。如果劃船技術不好，特別是彎曲而不是挺直背部劃船，可能會出現其他傷害，包括背痛和手腕傷害。幾乎所有的劃船者都會出現水泡，特別是在剛開始劃船時，因為每一次劃船都會對手部施加壓力，但經常劃船會使手部變硬併產生保護性老繭。握槳過緊或調整技術可能會導致反覆或新的水泡，因為劃槳時常常會翻轉槳葉。另一個常見的傷害是「軌道咬傷」，即小腿或大腿後側與劃座軌道接觸時造成的細小切口。 | 賽艇運動中最常見的損傷是膝蓋、脊柱和前臂的炎症。其他常見的傷害還包括手部水泡和履帶咬傷。 | What are the most common injuries in rowing? | Rowing is a low-impact sport with movement only in defined ranges, so that twist and sprain injuries are rare. However, the repetitive rowing action can put strain on knee joints, the spine and the tendons of the forearm, and inflammation of these are the most common rowing injuries. If one rows with poor technique, especially rowing with a curved rather than straight back, other injuries may surface, including back pains and wrist injuries. Blisters occur for almost all rowers, especially in the beginning of one's rowing career, as every stroke puts pressure on the hands, though rowing frequently tends to harden hands and generate protective calluses. Holding the oars too tightly or making adjustments to technique may cause recurring or new blisters, as it is common to feather the blade. Another common injury is getting "track bites", thin cuts on the back of one's calf or thigh caused by contact with the seat tracks at either end of the stroke. | The most common injuries in rowing are inflammation of the knees, spine and forearms. Oher common injuries also include hand blisters and track bites. |
82 | 什麼是風箏？ | 風箏是一種可以在商店或專賣店購買的玩具。它是一種較輕的飛行器，系在一根繩子上，可以在氣流中飛行。風箏的翅膀會與空氣產生反作用，產生升力，使其能夠飛行。您可以在公園或空曠的地方放風箏，並且您需要確保附近沒有電線，以確保放風箏時的安全。 | What is a kite? | A kite is a toy that can be be purchased in a store or a specialty shop. It is a craft that is lighter an air that is tied to a string that you can fly on wind currents. The kite has wings that react against the air to create lift enabling it to fly. You can fly a kite at a park or an open area, and you will want to make sure there are no power lines nearby to be safe when flying the kite. |
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83 | 根據使用的運動將以下裝備分類為籃球、足球或足球：護腿板、投籃袖套、罰球旗、角旗、踢球架和守門員手套。 | 分類如下：
- 足球：守門員手套、角旗
籃球：投籃套
- 足球：點球旗、踢球座 | Classify each of the following pieces of equipment according to the sport they are used for, either basketball, football, or soccer: shin guards, shooting sleeve, penalty flag, corner flag, kicking tee, and goalie gloves. | The classification is as follows:
- Soccer: goalie gloves, corner flag
- Basketball: shooting sleeve
- Football: penalty flag, kicking tee |
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84 | 根據這段關於Billie Eilish的描述，告訴我誰製作了她的首支單曲，以及她的冠軍單曲是什麼？ | 比莉·艾利什·派瑞特·貝爾德·奧康奈爾（Billie Eilish Pirate Baird O'Connell，/ˈaɪlɪʃ/ EYE-lish；2001年12月18日出生）是一位美國歌手和詞曲創作人。她在2015年憑藉她的首支單曲《Ocean Eyes》首次引起公眾注意，這首歌曲由她的兄弟芬尼亞斯·奧康奈爾創作和製作，她與他合作創作音樂和現場表演。2017年，她發行了她的首張迷你專輯《Don't Smile at Me》。這張專輯在包括美國、英國、加拿大和澳大利亞在內的多個國家的唱片榜上進入了前15名，取得了商業上的成功。
艾利什的第一張錄音室專輯《When We All Fall Asleep, Where Do We Go?》（2019年）在美國公告牌200和英國專輯榜上首次亮相。它是當年最暢銷的專輯之一，得益於其第五支單曲《Bad Guy》的成功，這是艾利什在美國公告牌百強單曲榜上的首個冠軍單曲。這使她成為21世紀出生的第一位發佈登頂單曲的藝術家。次年，艾利什為同名的詹姆斯·邦德電影演唱主題曲《No Time to Die》，該曲登頂英國單曲榜，並在2022年獲得了奧斯卡最佳原創歌曲獎。她隨後發行的單曲《Everything I Wanted》、《My Future》、《Therefore I Am》和《Your Power》在美國和英國的排行榜上均進入了前十名。她的第二張錄音室專輯《Happier Than Ever》（2021年）在25個國家的排行榜上名列前茅。 | 她的兄弟 Finneas O'Connell 製作了她的首張單曲“Ocean Eyes”，她的排行榜冠軍單曲是“Bad Guy” | Given this paragraph about Billie Eilish, tell me who produced her debut single, also tell me what is her chart-topping single? | Billie Eilish Pirate Baird O'Connell (/ˈaɪlɪʃ/ EYE-lish; born December 18, 2001) is an American singer and songwriter. She first gained public attention in 2015 with her debut single "Ocean Eyes", written and produced by her brother Finneas O'Connell, with whom she collaborates on music and live shows. In 2017, she released her debut extended play (EP), titled Don't Smile at Me. Commercially successful, it reached the top 15 of record charts in numerous countries, including the US, UK, Canada, and Australia.
Eilish's first studio album, When We All Fall Asleep, Where Do We Go? (2019), debuted atop the US Billboard 200 and UK Albums Chart. It was one of the best-selling albums of the year, buoyed by the success of its fifth single "Bad Guy", Eilish's first number-one on the US Billboard Hot 100. This made her the first artist born in the 21st century to release a chart-topping single. The following year, Eilish performed the theme song "No Time to Die" for the James Bond film of the same name, which topped the UK Singles Chart and won the Academy Award for Best Original Song in 2022. Her subsequent singles "Everything I Wanted", "My Future", "Therefore I Am", and "Your Power" peaked in the top 10 in the US and UK. Her second studio album, Happier Than Ever (2021), topped charts in 25 countries. | Her brother Finneas O'Connell produced her debut single "Ocean Eyes", and her chart topping single is "Bad Guy" |
85 | 沒有汽車，有什麼好的出行方式？ | 如果您居住在城市，您可以使用巴士和火車等公共交通工具。您也可以步行、騎自行車或電動滑板車出行。 | What is a good way to get around without a car? | If you live in a city you can access public transport such as buses and trains. You can also walk, use a bicycle, or electric scooter to get around. |
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86 | 識別哪些動物物種是現存的或已滅絕的：古蛇，巨龜 | 巨龜還活著，古龜已經滅絕了。 | Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Palaeophis, Giant Tortoise | Giant Tortoise is alive, Palaeophis is extinct. |
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87 | `為什麼加利福尼亞州的聖塔克魯茲是一個很棒的居住 | 加利福尼亞州聖克魯斯擁有美國大陸最好的氣候之一 - 靠近太平洋，冬季氣溫較高，夏季涼爽，但沒有舊金山或蒙特利等附近城市所經歷的可怕的大霧。這座小城市因衝浪和隨之而來的輕鬆氛圍而聞名於世。自然美景豐富，山脈和海灘僅相距幾英里。 | Why is Santa Cruz, California a great place to live? | Santa Cruz, California has one of the best climates in the continental U.S. – being close to the Pacific Ocean, temperatures stay warmer in the winters and cooler in the summers, but without the dreaded fog that nearby cities like San Francisco or Monterey experience. The small city is world-famous for surfing, and the relaxed vibe that comes with it. Natural beauty is abundant, with the mountains and beach only a few miles apart. |
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88 | 給我一些管理我的經理的想法。 | 1. 誠實
2. 溝通
3.了解目標
4. 保持冷靜
5. 解決問題
6. 保持積極態度
7.分享你的知識
8. 關心他人
9.練習積極強化
10. 成為一名出色的執行者 | Give me some ideas to manage my manager. | 1. Be honest
2. Communicate
3. Understand goals
4. Stay calm
5. Solve problems
6. Be positive
7. Share your knowledge
8. Be caring
9. Practice positive reinforcement
10. Be a strong performer |
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89 | `約翰·鮑德溫是哪位拳擊手 | 「瘋狂」的鮑德溫，于1970年成為職業拳擊手，並在1975年輸給了馬文·哈格勒。1977年，他參加了備受爭議的美國錦標賽，與洛基·莫斯利·朱爾回合，但最終被擊倒。1978年，他輸給了馬文·約翰遜，一年後退役。 | 約翰·鮑德溫出生於底特律，是一名美國職業拳擊手。他參加了輕中量級比賽，並在 1968 年奧運會上獲得銅牌。他於 1970 年轉為職業球員，並於 1975 年輸給了馬文·哈格勒 (Marvin Hagler)。他於 1979 年退役 | Who was boxer John Baldwin | Known as "The Mad" Baldwin, he turned pro in 1970 and lost a decision to Marvin Hagler in 1975. In 1977 he took on Rocky Mosley Jr in the ill-fated U.S. Championship Tournament, but lost via K.O. In 1978 he lost a decision to Marvin Johnson, and retired a year later. | Born in Detroit, John Baldwin was a professional US boxer. He fought in the Light-Middleweight category and won a bronze medal in the 1968 Olympics. He turned pro in 1970, and lost a decision to Marvin Hagler in 1975. He retired in 1979 |
90 | 識別哪個樂器是絃樂器或打擊樂器：薩福爾琴、托裡亞中提琴 | Viola toeria 是弦樂，Samphor 是打擊樂。 | Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Samphor, Viola toeria | Viola toeria is string, Samphor is percussion. |
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91 | 如果我們玩一個遊戲，要找出可以在房子里找到的東西，我們會喊出這些中的哪些：汽車，椅子，桌子，公園，云，微波爐。 | 房子裡有一把椅子、一張桌子和一台微波爐。房子外面有汽車、雲朵和公園。 | If we were playing a game where we had to identify things that can be found inside a house, which of these would we call out: car, chair, table, park, cloud, microwave. | Inside a house you can find a chair, a table and a microwave. Cars, clouds and parks are found outside of houses. |
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92 | 將以下啤酒分類為深色啤酒或淺色啤酒：`波特啤`、`比爾森啤酒`、`烈性黑啤`、`琥珀啤酒`、 | 深色啤酒：波特啤酒、黑啤酒、琥珀啤酒
淺色啤酒：比爾森啤酒、啤酒 | Classify the following as either dark-colored beers or light colored beers: porter, pilsner, stout, amber, lager | Dark-colored beers: porter, stout, amber
Light-colored beers: pilsner, lager |
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93 | 給我一個有專案符號的列表，列出世界上最高的5座山峰及其相應的高度（以米為單位） | * 珠穆朗瑪峰。高度：8,849米
* K2。高度：8,611米
*干城章嘉峰。高度：8,586米
*洛子峰。高度：8,516米
*馬卡魯。高度：8,485米 | Give me a bulleted list of the 5 highest mountains in the world and their respective heights in meters | * Mount Everest. Height: 8,849 meters
* K2. Height: 8,611 meters
* Kangchenjunga. Height: 8,586 meters
* Lhotse. Height: 8,516 meters
* Makalu. Height: 8,485 meters |
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94 | 從這段文字中提取出所有的日期，並按照 {日期} - {描述} 的格式用專案符號列出。 | 威廉·布朗·福利（William Brown Foley，1855年11月15日-1916年11月12日）是一名大聯盟棒球第三壘手。他在大聯盟效力了七個賽季，為三個不同聯盟的五支不同球隊效力。他的職業生涯始於1875年的國家協會，效力于芝加哥白襪隊，並在1884年的聯盟協會中效力于芝加哥棕熊隊/匹茲堡雪茄隊。從1876年到1879年，他是辛辛那提紅人隊和密爾沃基灰隊的首發第三壘手。 | • 1855 年11 月15 日——William Brown Foley 於這一天出生。
• 1916 年11 月12 日——William Brown Foley 在這一天去世。
• 1875 年——此時弗利在全國協會芝加哥白襪隊開始了他的職業生涯。
• 1884 年——弗利的職業生涯就此結束。
• 1876年至1879年——此時他是辛辛那提紅隊和密爾沃基灰隊的先發三壘手。 | Extract all of the dates mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Date} - {Description} | William Brown Foley (November 15, 1855 – November 12, 1916) was a Major League Baseball third baseman. He played all or part of seven seasons in the majors, playing for five different teams in three different leagues. His career began in the National Association in 1875 with the Chicago White Stockings, and ended in the Union Association in 1884 with the Chicago Browns/Pittsburgh Stogies. From 1876 until 1879, he was the starting third baseman for the Cincinnati Reds and Milwaukee Grays. | • November 15, 1855 - William Brown Foley was born on this date.
• November 12, 1916 - William Brown Foley passed away on this date.
• 1875 - This is when Foley's career began in the National Association with the Chicago White Stockings.
• 1884 - This is when Foley's career ended.
• 1876 until 1879 - This is when he was a starting third baseman for the Cincinnati Reds and Milwaukee Grays. |
94 | 從這段文字中提取出所有的日期，並按照 {日期} - {描述} 的格式用專案符號列出。 | 加納空間科學與技術研究所（GSSTI）最初于2011年1月作為核學和相關科學學院（SNAS）下的一個中心成立，並於2012年5月啟動。後來于2013年8月升級為研究所，以利用空間科學和技術促進國家的社會經濟發展。 | • 2011 年 1 月 - 加納空間科學技術研究所 (GSSTI) 首次成立，作為核與相關科學學院下屬的中心
• 2012 年 5 月 - 加納空間科學技術研究所 (GSSTI) 成立
• 2013年8月——加納空間科學技術研究所升級為研究所 | Extract all of the dates mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Date} - {Description} | The Ghana Space Science and Technology Institute (GSSTI) was first established as a Centre under the School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences (SNAS) in January 2011 and launched in May 2012. It was later upgraded to an Institute in August 2013, to exploit space science and technology for socio-economic development of the country. | • January 2011 - This is when the Ghana Space Science and Technology Institute (GSSTI) was first established as a Centre under the School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences
• May 2012 - This is when the Ghana Space Science and Technology Institute (GSSTI) was launched
• August 2013 - This is when the Ghana Space Science and Technology Institute was upgraded to an Institute |
94 | 從這段文字中提取出所有的日期，並按照 {日期} - {描述} 的格式用專案符號列出。 | 伊利亞·史米林（希伯來語：איליה יוליביץ' סמירין；俄語：Илья Юльевич Смирин，羅馬化：Ilya Yulievich Smirin；1968年1月21日出生）是一名出生于白俄羅斯蘇維埃社會主義共和國的以色列國際象棋選手。他于1990年被國際象棋聯合會授予特級大師稱號。 | • 1968 年 1 月 21 日 - 這是伊利亞·斯米林 (Ilya Smirin) 出生的時間
• 1990年——伊利亞·斯米林被國際棋聯授予特級大師稱號 | Extract all of the dates mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Date} - {Description} | Ilya (or Ilia) Smirin (Hebrew: איליה יוליביץ' סמירין; Russian: Илья Юльевич Смирин, romanized: Ilya Yulievich Smirin; born January 21, 1968) is a Byelorussian SSR-born and an Israeli chess player. He was awarded the title of Grandmaster by FIDE in 1990. | • January 21, 1968 - This is when Ilya Smirin was born
• 1990 - This is when Ilya Smirin was awarded the title of Grandmaster by FIDE |
94 | 從這段文字中提取出所有的日期，並按照 {日期} - {描述} 的格式用專案符號列出。 | Daniel Leavitt于1813年11月16日出生於新罕布什爾州萊伊，是本寧·利維特（Benning Leavitt）和他的妻子Olive（Jenness）的兒子。本寧·利維特是一位有影響力的商人、州參議員、縣委員和後來的Chicopee Selectman。Daniel Leavitt于1838年在馬薩諸塞州西斯普林菲爾德與Ruth Jeannette Ball結婚，他們有三個孩子。 | • 1813 年 11 月 16 日——丹尼爾·萊維特 (Daniel Leavitt) 出生
• 1838 年 - 丹尼爾·萊維特 (Daniel Leavitt) 與妻子露絲·珍妮特·鮑爾 (Ruth Jeannette Ball) 結婚。 | Extract all of the dates mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Date} - {Description} | Daniel Leavitt was born November 16, 1813, at Rye, New Hampshire, the son of Benning Leavitt, influential businessman, state senator, county commissioner and later Chicopee Selectman, and his wife Olive (Jenness) Leavitt. Daniel Leavitt married in 1838 at West Springfield, Massachusetts, Ruth Jeannette Ball. They had three children. | • November 16, 1813 - This is when Daniel Leavitt was born
• 1838 - This is when Daniel Leavitt married his wife Ruth Jeannette Ball. |
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in Dataset Viewer.
Chinese-Dolly-15k 是繁體中文翻譯的Dolly instruction(Databricks)資料集
原來的資料集'databricks/databricks-dolly-15k'是由數千名Databricks員工根據InstructGPT論文中概述的幾種行為類別生成的遵循指示記錄的開來源資料集。這幾個行為類別包括頭腦風暴、分類、封閉型問答、生成、資訊擷取、開放類型的問答和摘要。
在知識共用署名-相同方式共用3.0（CC BY-SA 3.0）許可下，此資料集可用於任何學術或商業用途。
如果你也在做這些資料集的籌備，歡迎來聯繫我們，避免重複花錢。
Citation
Please cite the repo if you use the data or code in this repo.
@misc{alpaca,
author = {DavidLanz},
title = {An Instruction-following Chinese Language model, LoRA tuning on LLaMA},
year = {2023},
publisher = {GitHub},
journal = {GitHub repository},
url = {https://www.databricks.com/blog/2023/04/12/dolly-first-open-commercially-viable-instruction-tuned-llm},
urldate = {2023-09-15}
}
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