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<s>[INST] <word> grinding pestle [/INST] 갈돌 </s>
<s>[INST] <word> ruler [/INST] 지배자 </s>
<s>[INST] <word> Misong-ri type pottery [/INST] 미송리식토기 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> Some aspect of changes in social segmentation are observed through the four stages from the analytical results. [/INST] 편년을 통해 4단계로 나뉜 개별 분묘들에 대한 군집 파악 작업으로 사회적 분절 변천의 일면을 파악할 수 있었다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> rod-shaped iron axe [/INST] 봉상철부 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> The concept of complex hunter-gatherers was originally proposed to denote large village societies with prominent social hierarchies relying on abundant marine resources, and some archaeologists extended its use to prehistory. Aside from the archaeological applicability of the concept itself, the Korean Neolithic archaeological record lacks critical elements of the complex hunter-gatherers. [/INST] 복합수렵채집사회론은 한국 선사시대 사회의 성격 논의에 새로운 지평을 열었다. 이 개념은 본래 풍부한 해양자원을 바탕으로 많은 인구와 사회 위계가 발달한, 기존 수렵채집사회라는 범주에 포괄하기 어려운 민족지 사례 연구를 위해 고안한 것이다. 이를 다시 선사시대까지 확장했지만, 개념 자체의 고고학적 타당성을 넘어 한국의 신석기시대에 적용하는 데는 비판적 검토가 필요하다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> Costly signaling theory and the concept of waste can be applied to explaining the elaboration of morphology and an excess number of bifacially worked artifacts with no trace of use. [/INST] 특히 '값비싼 신호(costly signaling)'와 '낭비적 광고(wasteful advertising, 또는 과시적 소비)' 모델과 개념을 바탕으로 과잉 디자인과 지나치게 많은 유물의 문제에 접근한다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> pedestal jar with upright rim [/INST] 대부직구호 </s>
<s>[INST] <word> harpoon [/INST] 작살 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> Although the exact date of the IHRA handaxe is still not grasped, we can safely gauge out that it is not older than the bottom of Upper Pleistocene(125kya) considering the distribution of all in-situ handaxe is limited to the upper part of reddish-brown layer just below the 1st wedge crack where AT is usually discovered. [/INST] 아직까지 주먹도끼의 결정적인 연대는 파악할 수 없지만, 현재까지 발견된 퇴적층 내 주먹도끼의 위치가 AT를 반출하는 첫번째 땅갈라짐면 바로 아래라는 것을 고려한다면 그 연대는 적어도 후기홍적세 상한을(125kya) 상회하지 않는 것은 분명하다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> lotus flower design [/INST] 연화문 </s>
<s>[INST] <word> chipped stone axe [/INST] 타제석부 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> To this end, we first look at the theoretical premises and methodologies for examining the evolution and interrelation of political bodies based on material culture. [/INST] 이를 위해 먼저 물질문화를 통한 정치체의 동정과 상호관계에 대한 이론적 전제 및 방법론에 대해 살펴본다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> stone-cist burial [/INST] 석관묘 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> The cultures of the midstream and lower areas of the Seomjin River and that of the Boseong River area, which were relatively disparate from those of the western regions, came to form close relations with the cultures in the upper Youngsan River and the southwestern coastline. [/INST] 서부와 상대적으로 이질적인 섬진강 중류와 하류, 보성강권 문화는 영산강 상류와 서남해안의 문화들과 밀접한 관계를 맺게 된다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> On the other hand, jade, which was a typical material used for making ornaments, could be suggested as having strong symbolic connections to women. [/INST] 이에 비해 대표적인 장신구인 옥은 여성과의 관련성을 강하게 시사한다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> Among these sites, the Dongsan-dong site served as the regional base settlement horizontally connecting small-sized settlements as the main settlement that spatially categorized life, store, professional storage areas. [/INST] 중기의 유적 중에서 동산동유적은 생활, 매장, 전문저장영역이 공간적으로 구분되는 중심 취락으로서 주변의 소규모 취락들을 횡적으로 연결하는 지역 거점취락으로 기능하였던 것으로 판단된다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> belt [/INST] 요대 </s>
<s>[INST] <word> hammer [/INST] 망치 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> Analyses on dwelling data from both types’s settlements in the Hoseo region say that the variation of floor shape could have been a function to varying family structure in which parent generation and their offsprings have resided in the same dwelling structure. [/INST] 호서지역 驛三洞및 欣岩里類型취락의 주거지 자료 분석 결과를 그러한 설명모형에 의거하여 재구성해보면, 적어도 호서지역 驛三洞및 欣岩里類型주거지의 평면 형태에서 관찰되는 변이가 부모세대와 직·방계의 성혼한 자녀가 동거하는 가족제도의 함수일 가능성이 높다는 것을 추정할 수 있다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> Reviewing the research history of this period, I discuss logical and factual problems of the Incipient Bronze Age and where these problems derive from. [/INST] 본고는 이 과정을 되돌아보면서 조기청동기시대의 설정에 사실적, 논리적 문제는 없는지 검토하고, 왜 이러한 문제가 발생하는지를 살펴본다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> migration [/INST] 이주 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> This paper reviews and explores various recent interpretations of Paleolithic handaxes, especially those related to debates over the overdesign, extravagance, and supposed functions. [/INST] 논문은 구석기시대 주먹도끼와 관련한 몇 가지 문제를 진화이론의 시각에서 검토하고 새로운 해석의 가능성을 탐색한다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> It implies that hypothesizing ‘prevalence of outside storage facilities’could be erroneous. [/INST] 이는‘貯藏屋外化’의 명제에 심대한 실증적 오류가 있음을 시사하는 것이다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> The utility of burial in recognising social stratification has, in particular, been recognized. [/INST] 특히 무덤은 계층성을 잘 보여줄 수 있는 자료라는 인식과 함께, 집중적인 연구 대상이 되어왔다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> The Hoseo region has been a key area of focus for Korean archaeologists studying the sociocultural changes in the transition from the Early to Middle Bronze Age. [/INST] 호서지역은 청동기시대 전-중기 전환기에 대한 연구에서 가장 비중 있게 다루어지는 지역이다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> As the Mahan culture gradually deteriorated in the basin areas of the Seomjin River, there was a confluence of cultural elements from Baekjae, Ara-Gaya, and So-Gaya. [/INST] 섬진강유역권에서는 마한 문화가 점차 쇠퇴하면서 백제, 아라가야, 소가야의 문화요소가 혼재하게 된다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> stone fortress [/INST] 석성 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> House structures in which features associated with stone tool production were identified or which yielded tools used in the production of stone objects in association with unfinished stone objects were defined as stone tool production dwellings, and by comparing the ratio of such stone tool production dwellings and normal dwellings for each site, the issue of production specialization was considered. [/INST] 취락 내 주거지 중 석기생산과 관련된 시설이나 석기제작용 도구가 미완성 석기와 함께 확인된 경우에만 석기생산주거지로 설정하였으며, 전·후기의 취락별 석기생산주거지와 일반주거지의 1기 당 석기 출토 수량을 비교, 분석하였다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> wave pattern [/INST] 파상선문 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> The ambiguity of the size concept, being one of the most important variables for analysis, is critically examined and such new variables as plane size (P), volumetric size (V), and elongatedness (E) are operationally defined. [/INST] 석기군 분석에 있어서 가장 중요한 변수는 크기라는 점에 착안, 기존의 석기 크기 측정에 있어서 애매모호함을 지적하고 새로운 변수로서 평면크기(P), 입방크기(V), 세장도(P) 등을 산술적으로 계산하여 정의하였다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> Based on the works described above, I explore theoretical and methodological issues relevant to Korean climate (change) archaeology for better understanding on the culture change in Korean prehistory. [/INST] 이러한 일련의 작업을 토대 위에서, 본고는 우리 선사문화의 변동을 좀 더 온전하게 이해하기 위한 한국적 기후(변동)고고학의 진전을 위한 이론·방법론적 모형의 발달방향을 모색해본다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> This article examines the archaeobotanical seed assemblages from the prehistoric site of Sannai Maruyama in Japan. The seed remains originated from three waterlogged middens (P1, P2, and P3) located at the site and date to the Early Jomon period, ranging approximately from 5,900 to 5,000 cal B.P. [/INST] 일본 아오모리 현에 위치한 산나이마루야마 유적을 대상으로 5,900 cal B.P.에서 5,000 cal B.P.까지에 해당하는 조몬 시대 전기 중반부에서 후반부까지의 종자유체군 내 변화상을 관찰하고 그 변화 요인을 추적하였다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> Rarity of Middle Bronze Age settlement, complicated relationship among archaeological assemblages, and incompatibility between different lines of data―for example, burial and settlement― require comprehensive and plausible explanation. [/INST] 유적, 특히 중기유적의 미약함이나 복잡한 문화유형 간 관계, 갈래를 달리하는 요소―분묘와 취락― 간 부조화 등의 문제는 좀 더 종합적이고 개연적인 설명이 필요하기 때문이다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> Lelang [/INST] 낙랑 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> Archaeology in nationalism based upon this cultural historical approach also has the same weakness in that it attempts to relate a specific archaeological assemblage or culture with a certain ethnic group or nation directly, which is supposed to have a clear-cut boundary, or to explain it as a territory of such an ethnic group or nation. [/INST] 이러한 문화사 고고학에 기반을 둔 민족주의적 고고학 역시 고고학적 유형과 문화를 뚜렷한 경계를 가진 특정 종족 혹은 민족과 직접적으로 관련짓거나 그 종족 또는 민족의 영역으로 해석하는 등 많은 문제가 있음을 논의하였다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> Notably, the Mahan-Baekje settlements exhibit significantly higher proportions of chestnut wood. [/INST] 밤나무는 특히 200년 CE 이후 마한백제계 유적에서 출현 비율이 높다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> pedestal dish [/INST] 고배 </s>
<s>[INST] <word> soil wedge [/INST] 토양쐐기 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> An in-depth and detailed understanding of material culture is indispensable in grasping the various aspects of a given society, as is illustrated through the example of burials. [/INST] 따라서 연구 대상이 되는 한 사회의 다양한 모습을 그려내기 위해서는 무덤의 예에서 보는 것처럼 연구의 출발점이 되는 유물, 유적에 대한 보다 풍부하고 심층적인 해석이 필수적이라고 할 수 있다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> evolutionism [/INST] 진화론 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> In this paper, the size of carbonized wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grains recovered from eight archaeological sites were compared. [/INST] 유적에서 탄화된 상태로 발견된 밀 낟알의 크기 계측을 실시하고 계측치를 유적 간 비교하였다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> horn-shaped bronze implement [/INST] 우각형동기 </s>
<s>[INST] <word> bronze mirror of Eastern Han [/INST] 후한경 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> The construction method and size of burials are influenced by social and symbolic strategies, including ideological change, and the location of burials can transform a landscape into a field of power struggle. [/INST] 또한 무덤의 축조방식이나 규모 등은 이데올로기의 변화를 포함한 다양한 사회적, 상징적 전략에 따라 변할 수 있으며, 무덤의 입지는 그 자체로 하나의 경관을 형성하면서 권력이 행사되는 장이 될 수 있다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> beacon post on the fronline [/INST] 연변봉수 </s>
<s>[INST] <word> bronze tripod [/INST] 동정 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> In Songgungni-type culture of the Middle Bronze Age, many settlements and tombs were found in the area of Mangyeong river basin. [/INST] 중기의 송국리형문화 단계에 이르면 만경강 일대에서도 수많은 취락과 분묘들이 발견된다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> red burnished pottery [/INST] 적색마연토기 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> Relatively long rice grains discovered at Sinchang-dong indicate that a new variety of rice was introduced to the region by the first century BC. [/INST] 단위면적당 생산량의 증가를 암시하는 장립 벼의 출현은 초기철기시대로 비정되는 광주 신창동 유적에서 확인되며, 늦어도 이 시기에 이르면 경작면적 확대와 농지 생산성 제고라는 양방향 집약화의 고고학적 증거가 나타난다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> environmental archaeology [/INST] 환경고고학 </s>
<s>[INST] <word> mound [/INST] 봉분 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> But ethnographical and archaeological studies show that ethnicity is not an unchanging reality; rather it is flexible and sometimes used as a heuristic device. [/INST] 이런 시각에서는 사회 구성원이 바뀌지 않는 이상 문화변화를 생각하기 어렵기 때문에, 주로 외부의 전파와 이주의 맥락에서 문화변화를 설명하였다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> bottom [/INST] 저부 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> This article examines the origin and establishment period of the Mahan mounded tombs using recently discovered materials, in addition to the pre-existing data. [/INST] 이 글에서는 최근 자료와 기존 자료의 검토를 통해 마한 분구묘의 기원과 성립시점을 살펴보았다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> Throughout the Neolithic period, people occupied islands and coastal regions, creating hundreds of shellmiddens. Since subsistence studies mainly relied on shellmiddens where faunal remains are preserved well, when it comes to the coastal and island settings, Neolithic subsistence practice has been regarded as the ‘maritime hunting-gathering-fishing’. [/INST] 전반적으로 산성을 띠는 우리나라 토양의 특성으로 과거 식생활에 대한 직접 증거들인 동?식물 유체들의 완전한 보존이 어려운 가운데에서도, 남부 해안지역에 신석기시대 전반(全般)에 걸쳐 다수 조성된 패총은 유기물의 보존에 친화적인 환경을 제공, 당시의 생업 활동을 구체적으로 어림하는데 큰 기여를 하였다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> In this light, passiveness in the study of the dolmens of the Hoseo region may be regarded as hindering a holistic approach to the important sociocultural changes of the Korean Bronze Age. [/INST] 호서지역 지석묘 연구의 미진함은 남한지역 청동기시대 문화상을 통합적으로 이해하는 데 걸림돌로 작용할 수도 있게 된 것이다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> hunting [/INST] 수렵 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> The current paper addresses the issue of when, where, why and how domesticated pigs were introduced in the Korean peninsula by examining faunal remains from archaeological sites. [/INST] 한반도 고고학 유적에서 출토된 돼지 유존체 가운데 사육종(飼育種)을 판별하여, 그 출현 시점을 밝히고 사육종 도입에 내포된 사회적, 문화적 의미를 고찰하는 것이 본고의 목적이다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> water reservoir facility [/INST] 저수시설 </s>
<s>[INST] <word> subsistence [/INST] 생업 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> It has been also argued that war chariot as an import would have symbolic priority as an import itself and be included in the existing categorisation of material culture. And thus adoption of war chariot would contribute to formation of an image of masculine body, to institutionalisation of masculinity as an agency, and to symbolising power and authority. [/INST] 즉, 외부로부터 도입된 전차는 외부로부터의 수입품이 가질 수 있는 상징적 우월성과 함께 기존의 범주에 포함되어 일종의 에이전시로서 지배 엘리트이자 개인 주체인 남성의 몸과 남성성의 내면화에 기여하며 권력과 권위를 표상했던 것으로 생각된다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> "Kaiyuantongbao" coin [/INST] 개원통보 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> Yan style calderons of the Liaodong Peninsula, especially those of the East Han Period, can be seen as the model for jangran-hyung jars in southern Mahan area, and this presents a more convincing alternative hypothesis than previous ones. [/INST] 요동반도의 전한대 연식부는 그 형태와 유물조합에서 마한 남부지역의 장란형토기의 조형으로 볼 수 있으며, 이 경우 기존의 가설보다 좀 더 설득력있는 대안적 가설이 제시될 수 있다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> indented-base triangular stone arrowhead [/INST] 편평삼각만입촉 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> The handaxes from the Imjin-Hantan River Area (IHRA) have played a significant role in Palaeolithic research at an international level as well as among local Korean archaeologists. [/INST] 임진-한탄강 유역 주먹도끼는 세계 구석기연구에 있어서 중요한 지표로 자리매김해 왔지만 지금까지는 아슐리안 공작의 동아시아적 형태에 해당한다는 보편적 특성의 제시에만 머물러 왔다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> Reconstructing climate fluctuation during Neolithic and Bronze Age, and analyzing composition of stone tools from and soilscapes around the sites relevant to the transition, I point out what could be obstacles or reefs in proper understanding and explaining how the transition went. [/INST] 본고는 신석기?청동기시대 기후궤적에 대한 최근의 성과와 관련 유적의 석제 도구조합상 및 그 주변의 토양양상 분석을 통해 남한 신석기-청동기시대 이행의 시말에 관련된 설명에서 장해(障害) 또는 암초(暗礁)가 될 만한 요소들을 지적한다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> mortar [/INST] 갈판 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> Sulphur isotopic analysis was conducted on bone collagen extracted from human (n=14) and faunal (n=17) samples from four archaeological sites in Korea. [/INST] 본 연구에서는 새롭게 주목받고 있는 연구방법인 황 안정동위원소를 소개하고 한반도에서 출토된 인골(n=14)과 동물 뼈(n=17) 황 안정동위원소 분석을 실시하여 선사시대 사람들의 식생활과 이주를 복원하고자 하였다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> This paper examines the evidence of stone tool production from settlement sites of the middle region of the Korean peninsula in order to consider the nature of stone tool production in the Korean Bronze Age. [/INST] 본고에서는 한국 청동기시대 석기생산의 성격에 대한 논의를 위해 중부지역 취락유적의 석기생산 관련 자료를 살펴보았다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> royal fortress [/INST] 왕성 </s>
<s>[INST] <word> Jar with two lugs [/INST] 양이부호 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> While the discussion and application of the concept in the context of Korean Neolithic have opened a new theoretical landscape, it is true that many burials and associated goods, let alone habitation sites, do not suggest the development of social hierarchies. The characteristics of burial goods are consistent with sexual differences, which is widely observable in most hunter-gatherer societies. [/INST] 여러 무덤과 인골 자료 분석에서도 분화를 넘어 위계가 발달한 증거는 없다. 부장품의 불균형은 성별 다양성에서 기인하며, 이는 수렵채집사회의 일반성의 맥락에서 이해할 수 있다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> For example, in Phase IV, Baekje likely exerted direct control over Mahan forces north of the Geum River, while granting some degree of political autonomy to local forces in the south. [/INST] 예를 들어 IV단계에 들어서면 금강 이북의 마한계 세력에 대해서는 직접지배, 금강 이남의 일부 재지 세력에 대해서는 정치적 자율성을 어느 정도 용인해주는 간접지배의 형태를 띠었을 가능성이 있다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> In recent times, these approaches have tended to rely heavily upon information from advanced analytical techniques, such as radiocarbon dating, genetic and isotopic analyses, GIS, and so on. [/INST] 최근 그런 접근과 처치는 방사성탄소연대, 유전학, 동위원소 분석, GIS 등 진전된 과학기술에 의해 뒷받침되고 있다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> This phenomenon is continuously observed in the Early Bronze Age and understandably becomes a background of the growth of tumulus in the Middle Bronze Age. [/INST] 이러한 현상은 청동기 초기에도 지속되며 청동기 중기 이후에 등장하는 거대한 봉분을 가진 무덤들의 시작과 연결되는 것으로 이해되어왔다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> bronze mirror with nebular design [/INST] 성운문경 </s>
<s>[INST] <word> end-scraper [/INST] 밀개 </s>
<s>[INST] <word> stirrup [/INST] 등자 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> The scale and complexity of central towns and villages, as well as the relationships among small states, were also examined. Before the 3rd century, some degree of settlement hierarchy existed within each small state, but relations between states were likely horizontal. [/INST] 국읍이나 읍락의 규모와 복합도, 소국 간의 관계 또한 살펴보았는데, 먼저 3세기 이전의 마한 소국은 소국 내에서 취락별로 어느 정도 위계화가 보이지만 소국 간에는 수평적 관계를 유지했던 것으로 추정된다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> domestication [/INST] 순화 </s>
<s>[INST] <word> relative date [/INST] 상대연대 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> This is because the existing method of classification cannot handle ‘outlier’ tombs that deviate from the general trend; it is also difficult to highlight the differences that exist between tombs grouped together based on similarity, or, conversely, the similarities between the tombs divided into different groups. [/INST] 왜냐하면 기존의 방식에서는 대세의 흐름에서 벗어나는 ‘아웃라이어(outlier, 이상치)’ 무덤들을 감당하기가 어렵고, 또한 유사성에 입각하여 동일한 그룹으로 묶인 무덤들 사이에 존재하는 차이점이나, 반대로 차이점에 의해 서로 다른 그룹으로 나누어진 무덤들이 공유하는 유사성을 나타내기가 어렵기 때문이다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> This article attempts to observe the principal process of hominid occupation during the Pleistocene era on a macroscopic scale. [/INST] 본고는 이러한 배경 하에, 금강 유역 제4기 퇴적층의 형성 과정에 대해 거시적인 접근을 통해 이 지역 고인류의 점거 양상에 대한 초보적 고찰을 하는데 목적이 있다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> The identification of wood remains from 18 archaeological sites in the Yeongsan River basin, combined with hierarchical cluster analysis, revealed that the wood composition could be categorized into four groups: (1) chestnut tree dominant, (2) pine tree dominant, (3) oak and broad-leaved tree dominant, and (4) oak tree dominant. [/INST] 영산강 유역에 위치한 선·역사시대 유적 18개소의 고목재를 식별하고 목재군을 군집분석한 결과, ① 밤나무, ② 소나무, ③ 참나무류-활엽수, ④ 참나무류 우세군의 네 집단으로 분류할 수 있었다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> This paper examines the Xichagou cemetery, which was excavated in 1956 after having been heavily looted by locals, and whose report was finally published in 2022. [/INST] 라오닝 시펑 시차거우(西?溝, 서차구) 유적은 1950년대 중반 극심한 도굴의 피해를 입었지만, 수습 발굴을 통해 획득한 풍부한 고고학 자료로 인하여 고고학계의 주목을 받아 왔다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> During Phases I and II, Sungtobungumyo and pit tombs with ditches developed separately, differing in burial methods, construction techniques, and grave goods. [/INST] I과 II 단계에서는 형태와 매장원리, 유물에서 차이를 보이는 성토분구묘와 주구토광묘가 분포권을 달리하면서 발전하고 있었다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> comma-shaped bead [/INST] 곡옥 </s>
<s>[INST] <word> charcoal kiln [/INST] 숯가마 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> It also intends to build a frame of reference for future research by synthesizing and summarizing fragmentary descriptions of individual sites as well as lithic assemblages. [/INST] 그리고 이 지역의 연구를 더욱 진작시키기 위하여 배경 지식을 확보하는 데 목적이 있다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> This adaptation process is reflected in the diversification of lithic raw material, changes in site location (altitude) due to increased mobility, and a reduction in the number of tool types with the emergence of specialized, functionally integrated lithic tools. [/INST] 이러한 과정은 석재의 다양화, 이동성 증가에 따른 유적 입지(해발고도)의 변화, 전문적인 석기의 등장과 함께 석기 형식 수효의 감소라는 측면에 반영되고 있다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> This paper looks at what is attributable to the weakness, and how problematic the attempts is. [/INST] 본고는 그러한 곤란을 유발시킨 우리 연구관행의 문제, 사회경제적 변화에 초점을 맞춰 분기를 조정하려는 최근의 시도가 배태할 문제 등을 지적한다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> However, despite lacking them, current hypotheses have been diffused and reproduced. [/INST] 그런데 기존의 몇몇 설들은 입론 근거가 부족함에도 불구하고 기계적인 재생산과정을 통해 확산되는 아쉬움을 노정하고 있다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> rank [/INST] 계층 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> Since then, more than 200 sites were formally excavated, while the number of Paleolithic archaeologists increased dramatically. [/INST] 지금까지 전국 각지에서 발굴조사된 유적만 200여 곳이 넘으며, 엄청난 양의 구석기 자료가 쌓였다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> In particular, although this kind of research could be a prerequisite at the first stage, it is argued that a tentative result of the research should not be accepted as a final one or even politically distorted and abused, which can bring about serious troubles. [/INST] 특히 이러한 방식의 연구가 연구의 시작 단계에서는 필요할 수 있지만 최종적인 것으로 받아들여지거나 정치적으로 오·남용되었을 때 많은 문제를 야기할 수 있음을 밝히고자 하였다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> Scientific analyses suggest that most obsidian artifacts in Korea originated from the Mt. Baekdu area which is about 500 km away from the middle Korean Peninsula. [/INST] 후기 구석기시대 수렵민의 교류네트워크는 흑요석 같은 정질 암석의 분포로 추정할 수 있다. 한국의 많은 유적에서 확인되는 흑요석은 대부분 백두산에서 온 것으로 보인다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> The analysis revealed that Mahan settlements in the Jeonnam region can be broadly classified into small, medium, and large settlements, with an increasing concentration of pottery, iron tools, jade production, and related facilities as settlement size increases. [/INST] 분석 결과 전남지역 마한계 취락은 소형, 중형, 대형 취락으로 대별할 수 있고, 소형에서 대형 취락으로 이동할수록 토기, 철기, 옥의 생산 및 생산시설이 집중되는 현상을 확인할 수 있었다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> cultivation [/INST] 재배 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> The flaws mainly come from the fact that no archaeologists in fact participated in writing the textbooks. [/INST] 문제의 가장 큰 원인은 집필에 전문 고고학자가 참여하지 않고 있기 때문일 것이다. </s>

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