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Design Thinking for innovation reflexion-Avril 2021-Nathalie Sylla Challenge & selection The tool I use to help all stakeholders finding their way through the complexity of a project is the mind map. What exactly is a mind map? According to the definition of Buzan T. and Buzan B. (1999, Dessine-moi l'intelligence. Paris: Les Éditions d'Organisation.), the mind map (or heuristic diagram) is a graphic representation technique that follows the natural functioning of the mind and allows the brain's potential to be released. Cf Annex1 This tool has many advantages: • It is accessible to all and does not require significant material investment and can be done quickly • It is scalable • It allows categorization and linking of information • It can be applied to any type of situation: notetaking, problem solving, analysis, creation of new ideas • It is suitable for all people and is easy to learn • It is fun and encourages exchanges • It makes visible the dimension of projects, opportunities, interconnections • It synthesizes • It makes the project understandable • It allows you to explore ideas The creation of a mind map starts with an idea/problem located at its center. This starting point generates ideas/work areas, incremented around this center in a radial structure, which in turn is completed with as many branches as new ideas. This tool enables creativity and logic to be mobilized, it is a map of the thoughts. Creativity is enhanced because participants feel comfortable with the method. Application & Insight I start the process of the mind map creation with the stakeholders standing around a large board (white or paper board). In the center of the board, I write and highlight the topic to design. Through a series of questions, I guide the stakeholders in modelling the mind map. I adapt the series of questions according to the topic to be addressed. In the type of questions, we can use: who, what, when, where, why, how, how much. The use of the “why” is very interesting to understand the origin. By this way, the interviewed person frees itself from paradigms and thus dares to propose new ideas / ways of functioning. I plan two hours for a workshop. Design Thinking for innovation reflexion-Avril 2021-Nathalie Sylla After modelling the mind map on paper, I propose to the participants a digital visualization of their work with the addition of color codes, images and interconnections. This second workshop also lasts two hours and allows the mind map to evolve. Once familiarized with it, the stakeholders discover the power of the tool. Then, the second workshop brings out even more ideas and constructive exchanges between the stakeholders. Around this new mind map, they have learned to work together and want to make visible the untold ideas. I now present all the projects I manage in this type of format in order to ease rapid understanding for decision-makers. These presentations are the core of my business models. The decision-makers are thus able to identify the opportunities of the projects and can take quick decisions to validate them. They find answers to their questions thank to a schematic representation. Approach What I find amazing with the facilitation of this type of workshop is the participants commitment for the project. This tool helps to give meaning. The participants appropriate the story and want to keep writing it. Then, they easily become actors or sponsors of the project. A trust relationship is built, thus facilitating the implementation of related actions. Design Thinking for innovation reflexion-Avril 2021-Nathalie Sylla Annex 1: Mind Map Shared facilities project
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10
Diego Estrada Design Thinking Assignment Visualization Tool Challenge & Selection The elderly were having a hard time adapting to the changes we brought in our bank. As a result of a poorly implemented linear solution, a more customer centric approach was needed. After learning about design thinking in this course, we decided to apply it to solve this problem. The visualization tool allowed the team to create a dynamic presentation using diagrams, figures and drawings on the go that really resonated among the stakeholders. Previous to this change, none of our solutions seemed to be adequate for them, but the new implementation created a different type of connection with them that helped them understand the problem in the way the team and I did. Application The process starts in the prep time. The team uses a series of tools and software to develop a presentation using the surveys gathered during research and the solutions we created during the process. The use of graphs to quickly show statistics in a fully visual way, rather than verbally was a game changer. After having a presentation prepared, the team hands an activity to the stakeholders, where the solutions discussed previously appear. Nonetheless, the solutions need more work to them. After this. The stakeholders are asked to help complete the solutions while the team and I create diagrams on a blackboard to represent how their suggestions would impact on this specific problem. The use of a group activity strengthens the bond between the company and their investors. It makes them feel like they take part and help solve the problems as well as show how customer centric the solutions are. Every complaint and suggestion from customers are read and evaluated using the graph shown in the course (Involving: can we do it? Can we afford it? …). The finalization of this activity leaves the team and the stakeholders on the same page. It allows them to completely understand and feel part of the solution and also gives them the chance to ask better questions, which eases the work of the team. Insight & Approach The use of this method created a new workflow in the Design Team. It increased the productivity and the success rate as well as the customer/stakeholders satisfaction. The use of the visualization tool created an engaged group of people who work together to Diego Estrada find a solution based on their customer satisfaction. This solution is later revised and tweaked with the help of the stakeholders who are deeply involved in the process. Presentations, graphics, and activities have added a huge increase in satisfaction. As a company we also learnt that engaging different areas can be difficult because of the varying levels of understanding, but when paired with the adequate process things just flow. (This story is fictional and was created for solving the assignment)
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16
Reporting process by Gilberto Gamboa Challenge I received a promotion of being the Regional Controller, along with my actual position of Country CFO. The main responsibility of this new position was to weekly report the results for the week and estimate the final results of the month of 4 countries and consolidated those. When I was receiving the position, I went to visit my colleague, former Regional Controller, who was promoted to Country CEO and now had interest conflicts of being the controller. The process to consolidate the information of the 4 countries was that the country controllers sent him an email with the main figures for the week, he forwarded those to his country accountant who consolidated it, the accountant sent him the consolidated report and he finally reported to the headquarters. The whole process took almost a full business day to complete. Given that my responsibilities as Country CFO demanded more attention because my country had more operations, I decided to change the process in order to reduce the duration and to ensure standardization in the format, and actually, reduce the human intervention, making that the country controllers work directly in the consolidation file. Selection Having in mind that there was a different kind of users of file, I select some of those to determine what was the main important things to take into account in the moment of the process of the information and the reading of the same. In that sense, we form a group of the country controllers, country CEOs, IT guys, and people from the headquarters to find the best solutions possible. Application For the first lunch, we focused on the consolidation process in order to avoid the copy-paste processes and reducing the manual intervention so, we build an online application where all the controllers fill the figure of their respective country, along with the comments. During the first week of the first stage, we sent the new report along with the old one, and after the meeting with the headquarters team, we ask for a post-meeting review of the new format, all the assistants provided their comments and suggestions that were the input for the next report. For the second lunch, we focused on the feedback received from the assistants to the review meeting, we adjust the report and we were able to eliminate the old one. The final report included all the suggestions received but the best of all is that reduced the time investment from about 36 men hours to around 8, without missing any valuable information and including new data that the stakeholders appreciated so much. Insight With the application of the learning launch tool, the controller’s team along with the main stakeholders identified different assumptions and designed tools to test these assumptions. On the other hand, we found probable requirements from headquarters, expecting to find that a more agile approach that improved the workflow, reduced the time investment of everyone in the team and that both our team and the key stakeholders were very satisfied with the results of the exercise and the new report. The final report was slightly different from what we anticipated, but the differences were more related to form and a few topics to be included in the report. Approach Despite that, the team was not used to design thinking tools, they were able to work with the learning launch that was the appropriate tool. The team needs to review the insight gained from our first two launches and continuously evaluate this insight and new ones into future launch designs, especially taking into account that the full automation of the reports will take at least 4 years more according to the ERP implementation plan of the headquarter.
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20
Design Thinking for Innovation Sindy Samaca Gitam University December, 2021 Challenge My challenge to solve is the problem of a company that is without sufficient capital to create and build its own industrial plant, and cannot cope with the growing demand that they have had in the last two months. The company is in a dilemma, as it has two potential investors; The first investor offers the amount of capital necessary for the creation of the plant, in return he asks to intervene in the process and make certain changes in the final product since he thinks that the idea he has has shown good results in previous years and to have the participation of 50% in the company, the second investor offers the capital necessary for the creation of the plant in exchange for do not make modifications to the final product, since this is the one that is generating the exponential growth of the company, for the moment it is only asked to focus on the company's success product and as they recover the investment they can be extended to the innovation of products and creation for a 20% stake within the company. As a manager of the company, I need to make the best decision for the above mentioned one. Selection I decided to choose the visualization tool, visualization allows me to understand and analyze the context, to be able to define the needs and their possible solutions. This tool is useful for me to have a clearer vision of the current state of the company and what it ultimately requires; through this tool I can deduce the personalities of the two investors, such as George and Geoff; and based on this I can make the best decision. Application In the application of my chosen tool to the challenge that I have set myself, the tool has been of a very wide utility, since when applying it to my challenge very good results were obtained, since with this I could have an analysis to the measure of the two investors. The first thing I did with my visualization tool was to conduct a study to customers who required the flagship product of the company, first I had to understand why the demand had had such a strong growth in the last two months, by applying the tool I could find the answers to this question; I could see that customers needed this product as it was, without any modification because the product worked wonders. With this study of the clients interested in the product, I was able to analyze and follow up on the proposals I had on the table from the two investors. I concluded that I needed the person who was interested in the first instance to supply the product that was having great success. Which was the second investor, since he was interested in first of all to give the size of production that our customers demanded, and then worry about improving it, but in small and concise steps. I discarded the first investor, as he did not meet the requirements that the company needed at that time. I realized that this investor was convinced that by changing the product to the way he thought, the demand was going to increase more; but in reality what the company needed was to be able to cover the demand that the product was having, this investor wanted to throw everything we had, to the side of the road, but he did not think for a moment that these modifications should have a low impact in case things do not go as well as expected. Thanks to the application of the tool I was able to identify the key points of the company's needs and how each investor, according to their proposals, could help me, based on this I made the best decision. I chose to work with the second investor, we were able to supply the demand for the product, then the investment tripled and we were able to inject it into research for product innovation, and make some small changes, which were being introduced to customers discreetly and in small quantities. When customers became more interested in the improved product, we decided to increase production by improving the product. Perspective The information and the final lesson that I had when socializing what we obtained by using the visualization tool, the first thing is that we must always think first about the needs of customers, of the people interested in the product; it is very useful to know what the problem is, what is the cause of the problem and finally build an effective solution. Secondly, based on what we have obtained, we can find a partner that fits our needs, and be able to work as a team, unifying ideas and producing possible solutions. Thanks to the knowledge gained from the design course, I was able to create a strategic plan for the company's problems and make it a successful plan. Approach What I would apply differently in the challenge would be the tool used, I would like to use the learning launch; I would do it in the following way, rejecting the proposals of the two investors and only creating the way that the production process would be decreased to be able to supply the required demand. It may or may not work out, but I would like to have employed this strategy.
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56
Assignment:  Visualization Reflection  Submitted by: Nadine Born  Course:  Design Thinking for Innovation    Trail Challenge: To Build or Not to Build    An environmental charity wanted to conduct a fundraising campaign to raise $4 million to build a  public path in a busy tourist area of a small town in British Columbia, Canada. They had been gifted a  large piece of land by a local landowner, which was a substantial gift and prevented them from  needing to purchase the land, however, they still needed to raise a large amount of money in order to  pay for the supplies and labor to build the trail.     Even though the local community appeared to be supportive of the trail, they could not provide  enough money from private donations to build it. If the summer vacation property owners did not  provide some funding, then there was a strong possibility that they would not raise enough money to  complete the trail. The charity did not know if the community as a whole would support the project  and needed to conduct testing with key influencers and potential donors to gauge their interest.  Building the trail without testing the support first was too risky because the charity did not have  enough money in reserve to cover the cost of the trail if the fundraising efforts were not successful.     Tool Selection: Visualization    Visualization is the process of “assembling scattered ideas into a compelling story that can generate  vivid mental images” (Designing for Growth, p49).  As the consultant for the study, I chose  visualization because the charity had a firm concept of why they needed the trail, how it would  benefit the town, and how much it would cost but needed a persuasive way to tie it all together. The  business case for the project was strong but without a tool to help them illustrate how the trail would  positively impact the residents, there was little chance people would donate enough to meet the  budget. We needed a tool that provided a “head and heart” message to convince people to support  the project. Visualization provided the perfect combination of key messaging, beautiful photography,  architectural renderings, safety data, and budget criteria to create the vision for the project in an  easy‐to‐read document that was only four pages in length. Visualization allowed us to describe the  urgent and compelling need for the trail in a succinct and tangible way.     Application    Once we drafted the vision document, we worked with the charity to identify a list of people whose  opinion would be important to the success (or failure) of the fundraising campaign. The list included  past and potential donors, key influencers in the community such as large landowners and business  owners, affluent summer‐only residents, and elected officials. We requested one‐hour meetings with  all of the people on the list. If people did not want to meet with us in person, which was often the case with the part‐time residents, we offered to conduct the meetings by phone. When someone  agreed to meet with us, we emailed them the vision document so they could read it in advance and  prepare their questions. This created a good environment for an informed and candid dialogue.    While the scheduling of the interviews was in progress, we designed a questionnaire to guide our  discussions. Consistently using the questionnaire ensured that we covered the same questions with all  the interviewees. The goal was to speak with 20 – 25 key influencers in the community and gauge  their interest in, or opposition to, supporting the fundraising efforts for the trail as either donors or  campaign volunteers or both. We successfully met with 24 interviewees and compiled the feedback  into a summary report along with recommendations for the charity. The entire process took three  months.    Insight    Fundraising and design thinking both require a willingness to adapt and fail fast. Good fundraisers are  responsive to their donors and design thinking serves as the perfect platform to plan and launch new  fundraising initiatives; it is an ideal methodology for solving complex philanthropic issues. We are not  formally taught design thinking models in fundraising classes but they should be added to the  curriculum.     Although it is not explicitly stated in the course videos, it occurred to me that both fundraising and  design thinking are rooted in communication and relationships and both are iterative processes based  on testing and investigation. The elusive synergy between art and science is as beautifully illustrated  by design thinking as it is as inherent in daily fundraising practice.      Improvements for Next Time    Visualization was an effective tool in this circumstance and I would use it again in a similar situation.  However, it would also be enlightening to create a journey map with a wide spectrum of people from  the town because there were many assumptions made during the visualization process about how the  trail would be used and what benefits would be desired by the tourists, local public, and sponsors.  Journey mapping would have confirmed the validity of those assumptions and supplemented the data  gathered during the interviews.     The other tool that I would use next time in conjunction with visualization is storytelling. I would take  someone’s first hand account of the situation and create a short video to showcase the urgency of the  project or program from his/her perspective. A link to the video would be included in the email about  the interview along with a PDF of the vision document. I think this would provide a holistic micro and  macro perspective to the exercise and spark some interesting conversations in the interviews.
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86
Cheese Startup - Learning Launch ​by Eladio Amaya Challenge We are a small company in Barcelona (Spain) that refines high-quality organic cheeses from small producers in the Pyrenees. We also trade milk and yogurts from these producers. We distribute our dairy products mainly to haute cuisine restaurants (60% of our turnover) and to Delicatesens stores (35% of our turnover), the remaining 5% we distribute to individuals, mainly family, friends and acquaintances. Selection I have chosen the "Learning Launch" because it is more adapted to my way of working and the needs of the company. Application Due to the coronavirus crisis, all restaurants have closed and Delicatesen store sales have dropped dramatically. therefore we have had to change our target niche and head towards private individuals and common stores. We have carried out a survey both in small stores and among individuals. In the survey we asked what types of cheese are the most willing to consume, as well as milk and yogurts, also the type of milk (goat, cow, sheep), the level of curing and the price they would be willing to pay for our products. We have also proposed sending boxes with different products on offer, in which the average price is significantly lower. After the survey and the observations of individuals and small stores, we have focused our offer on a certain type of product, we have distributed it and analyzed the result not only with our customers but also with objective sales figures. Insight The result has been spectacular, our weekly turnover had fallen to 25% with a loss of 75% (60% of restaurants and 15% of delicatessen stores). The situation was dramatic but nowadays sales to individuals have risen from 5% to 25% and common food stores have gone from 0% to 15%. Approach Our situation is not good, but we hope that when the restaurants open and the economy recovers. We will have a much broader portfolio of clients and a way of working based on the client and transferred to the producer. Before, we used to transfer products from small producers to customers. Now the flow has changed.
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93
Silvia Villalobos Challenge: There is a company which provides financial advisory to customers either in person or virtual. Lately organisation climate has been seen decayed as result of arguments, hassles and the lack of fraternity and cooperation among the campaign workers. The aim is improving climate organisation to transmit unity and trust to our customer. Selection: Storytelling is the first tool selected, because this tool allows to connect with the audience, to make understandable the message, and to transmit emotions. Campaign workers would feel identified and understand the importance of tolerance and empathy. Application and insight: Many stories were told in various sections. Stories from previous experiences, fictional stories, and stories told by participants created a different atmosphere due to participants started to produce deeper relationships among them and recognize the importance of being empathic. An important result was that meeting with clients were longer. Approach: The activities work in a good way, but visualization tool would work very well in a challenge like this. Showing the way, some elements to get a harmonious atmosphere through visualization is an option in a further situation.
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104
Storytelling The Path to Innovation Dr Sakir Ahmad Challenge & Selection Be it any organization, team or a government venture, I have often observed that they experience failures because they couldn’t connect with their audience aptly. In such scenarios, storytelling can turn the table significantly. I have used the tool ‘storytelling’ in my organization to convey a complicated message as simply as possible or to generate ideas from people around me. The idea is to implement this innovative tool to make the intricate issues understandable and engage the targeted audience. I relayed the context of the story to captivate the attention of the audience. I have used the technique in front of my team-members of the organization to impart its essence, brainstorm notions, make productive connections and develop appropriate strategies. The crucial element in storytelling is to engagingly answer the questions raised in the story to its targeted audience and allow them to resonate with the core subject of the story. When I shared the story, I tried to gain the insights from the audience as to how the characters inspire them and how it related to their work emotions. The information and feedback immensely helped me in recognizing its importance in finding solutions in real world. Application I used the storytelling tool in an organizational meeting to help the team members visualize the essence and impact of revolutionary thinking. I understood that the story has to make sense so that they can comprehend the context and relate with it. I started the story of the time when there was an emergence of deadly diseases due to mosquitoes i.e. malaria etc. and a company brought a revolution by introducing a range of mosquito repellent products. I emphasized on its out-of- the box thinking & ideas that made the brand conquer the market. I observed that my audience were sincerely engaged and were emotionally connected with the company. After I finished, there were questions and productive interactions which exhibited that they relate it with their ongoing project. The enthusiasm of thinking afresh was quite overwhelming. Insight & Approach When I analysed the whole series of events it made me wonder, “Did my tool work? The answer I think is ‘YES’. Will it serve the purpose? I think that time will tell but I believe it will certainly aid them in making apt strategies.” The exercise portrayed that a revolutionary story can influence a small number of people then storytelling as a design-thinking tool, if implemented efficiently, can bring ground-breaking changes in organizations & countries. I observed that my story engaged my targeted audience, inspired them to think new and deliver better results. As a student of design thinking, I can explore this tool from all corners and can confidently say that I can creatively use it in number of inspiring ways at any appropriate phase of design thinking activities.
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112
Reflection – Learning Launch Francisco Ferreira Challenge I take part of a social enterprenuership group in my university. We were in contact with Capão das Antas, a rural Community in the suburbs of São Carlos (SP-Brazil). We had the intention to criate, with the local producers, a project that wold improve the quality of life in the neighborhood. For that, in the first two months we begin to listen each farmer of Capão and try identify the principal issues of the place and their residentes. After some visits we concluded that the principal problem was selling the products that they plant in the local farms. Therefore, we had the objective to make and test a business model that would increase their rent. Selection In order to build a sustainable business model with the farmers, we made a first test were we delivered the products at the costumer’s door. The action had a good result but we want to increase even more ours sales. So we used Learning Launchs to test new ideais and then improve our business model. Application After we analise all the data we had and build the business model, Its was far from be the most sustainable and profitable one. To improve our project, we made a plan to test new ways of seling. So every week, after we analise all the process from the farm to the costumer door, we propose and teste the improvement in the current business model. In order to give examples of how it works, after some weeks we notice that the farmers were having problems in separate the orders. The costumers were ordering with na app called whatsapp, but the person who was responsable for taking note of the orders was messy with the conversations feed. As soon as we notice this problem we proposed a new app that automatically cluster the orders in a simple feed. Therefore we tested this improvement in the next week and got zero mistakes in separating the orders. Insights The application of Learning Launches showed me how testing is importante in building a solid business model. Therefore, I learned that the more you test possibles ideias, more chance of sucess you have. Testing a lot of improvement and ideas is not the fastest way to achieve a better scenario but is cleary a certainly strategy to get there. Approach During all the improvement plan that we act every week we propose changes based on what we were seeing during the deliveries. I think that we could have achieved better results by analysis more sources of data, like feedback from all the stakeholders. Besides that we could have made a better knowledge management of the changes proposed for the business model.
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123
Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management Higher School of Economics Essay №1 on Economics course Topic 7 “Why are people sometimes altruistic?” Stefano Lovato MDI-191 student Sathyabama April, 2020 In many classical economic theories, it is common to determine a human, as a very egoistic creature. Adam Smith’s books (but not all of them) were wrote based on this idea also. However, the conception of Homo economicus was introduced for the first time by John Stuart Mill in the nineteens century and it assumes, that all human beings are consistently rational, narrowly self-interested, and who pursue their subjectively-defined ends optimally1. However, in our real life we face acts of altruism very often: our parents provide us with all necessary goods, a lot of businessmen give money for charity and even strangers give money to homeless people. So, it is very clear, that people do not necessarily acts in their own interests all the time, they also tend to help others. But what makes them to do this? Why are people sometimes altruistic? Gerashchenko Igor in his article “The ethical teaching of A. Smith in the context of the modern economy” writes, that altruism has been existing from the very times of primitive man, as a single egoistic individual was not capable to survive out of his or her community. All resources were so difficult to get, that the efforts of the whole pride were essential in struggle for survival. The following way the system of social values, where helping other people is highly appreciated, started to form. The ideology of individualism instead of collectivism has appeared much time later, when the market economy gave us a possibility to live independently from each other, or to form smaller communities, as nuclear families. But even now, in modern word and in modern families, we can see people continue to act in altruistic way. So, let’s try to discover, what other motives, besides ancient habit, do they have. One of the mechanisms, which makes people act in altruistic way, is called reciprocal (or mutual) altruism. It means, that individuals tend to help someone, who is likely to give something back. But it doesn’t mean, that human beings are egoistic. People subconsciously wait for the same attitude to them after performing altruistic actions (there the golden rule of morality2 is taken place). Alexander Shmakov, the author of the article “The purpose for just cooperation as a motive of economic behavior”, provides us with results of the experiment, which shows the relevancy of the statement, which was made above: Both of two players (A and B) were provided with a certain amount of money (a and b respectively). Firstly, player A is asked to give a part of his money to player B, and after that player B is also asked to give money to A. Both players are free to choose any amount of money (x or y respectively) they want to give or not to give anything at all. The rational strategy for both players will be not give money. Because in case, when A decided to share, it would not be profitable for B to share money (b + xa — yb < b + xa). And if A decided not to give money, B would not give money either. However, in reality, when the experiment took place, the results showed that 20 of 30 pairs of students shared their money. The average received sum of money were 32,5% of the initial one. But in case, when one of the players 1 The definition is taken from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_economicus . 2 Treat people the way you want to be treated. Player A / Player B To give money Not to give To give money a + yb — xa, b + xa — yb a — xa, b + xa Not to give a + yb, b — yb a, b denied the opportunity of cooperation ones, in most of the cases it put the end for the future transaction, as the condition of relicense was lost. One more thing, which can help us to understand the phenomenon of altruism, is economic games. There exist a lot of such games, but the most famous are “Dictator”, “Ultimatum” and “The division of the public good”. In “Dictator” game one the players receives a sum of money, part of which he/she can give to another player. The rational behavior, which is expected from the first person, is not to give anything, as only in this case he/she will get the maximum possible profit. Strangely, but in 616 experiments3, which were carried out, an average given sum was about 28,35% of the initial sum and only about 1/3 of all participants gave nothing. The motive for such altruistic action is probably a sense of justice, as the first person did nothing in order to get money, so he/she thinks, that it would be fair to share them. Another explanation of altruism is people’s consciousness about their reputation. As I mentioned above, altruism is socially approved behavior, so individuals, who are known for helping people around, may be in more respect, than others. So, the motives for the altruistic actions can be not only empathy, but also concern for the opinion of others. Charity donations are a good example of an altruistic action, which has a considerable impact in person’s reputation. In most of the charity cases only small donations are made anonymously, but names of people, who donate huge amounts of money, are usually well-known and numerous times mentioned in newspapers, magazines and TV programs. So, philanthropists may expect more support from the society, if they need, as they are known as a good person. Developing the idea about philanthropy, we face another reason for being altruistic. This motive is about being conscious of the future of the civilization, also known as communal interest, which differ people from animals. People want to live in comfortable conditions, where hospitals, education and other social institutions work well enough. So, they are ready to contribute to the common good in order to provide their families and themselves with better life. That is why the idea of social altruism appeared. Scientists faced the fact, that they are unable to explain why people continue help others even, when they do not have any filiation at all. This type of behavior started to take place, when human’s intentions goes beyond family and reputational altruism. Ernst Fehr and Urs Fischbacher in their article “Nature of human altruism” call this phenomenon a strong reciprocity, which works under the possibility of altruistic remuneration or altruistic punishment (stigmatization). Taking all things into consideration, we can conclude, that altruism has a significant economic effect not only on one particular person or a small social group, but on the whole society. And strange, as it may seem, altruistic behavior can be profitable for the altruist as well as for someone, who receives help. Moreover, many social organizations, even economic ones, would not work at all, if people behaved themselves only in egoistic way, as due to desire to get the maximum possible profit people may break adopted regulations, what may ruin the whole system. 3 Kazantseva T.V. Altruism: the phenomenon and operationalization (https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/stremlenie- k-spravedlivomu-sotrudnichestvu-kak-motiv-ekonomicheskogo-povedeniya) Sources: 1. Gerashchenko I.G. A. Smith's Ethical Teaching in the Context of the Modern Economy // Credo new (http://www.intelros.ru/readroom/credo_new/k3-2018/36398-eticheskoe- uchenie-asmita-v-kontekste-sovremennoy-ekonomiki.html). 2. Shmakov A.V. PURPOSE FOR JUST COOPERATION AS MOTIVES OF ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR // Terra Economicus. 2010. (https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/14398333). 3. Kazantseva T.V. Altruism: the phenomenon and operationalization (https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/stremlenie-k-spravedlivomu-sotrudnichestvu-kak- motiv-ekonomicheskogo-povedeniya) . 4. Andreoni J. Philanthropy // Handbook of Giving, Altruism, and Reciprocity. Vol. 2 / S. Kolm, J. Ythier (eds.). Amsterdam; L.; N. Y.: Elsevier, 2006. P. 1201-1265. (https://econweb.ucsd.edu/~jandreon/WorkingPapers/Philanthropy.pdf) 5. Fehr E., Schmidt K. M. The economics of fairness, reciprocity and altruism–experimental evidence and new theories // Handbook of the economics of giving, altruism and reciprocity. 2006.( https://www.melessa.uni- muenchen.de/team/vorstandssprecher/schmidt/publikationen/papers/reciprocalt.pdf)
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136
Dear Corrector, Thank you for taking the time to look through my text. I hope you can find some value in it. Regards, Al My First Mind-Mapping Session Challenge A small group of students and I are in the early stages of founding a new student association from the ground up. We noticed that our campus lacks an association that encourages students to take part in cultural activities and that connects art lovers. However, in order to jump start our organization we need events that are actually relevant to our target customers. So we decided to use a design thinking tool to develop design criteria and learn from our stakeholders. Selection We selected mind-mapping, a tool that enables the identification of data insights in a collected data set in order to establish criteria for the idea generation phase. (University of Virginia, 2015). This was perfect for us as it allowed us to source our stakeholders needs and understand their expectations better. This tool also allowed us to counteract the confirmation bias and identify really relevant criteria. Application In order to achieve this we invited a group of student association founders, artists and students to take part in a mind mapping session. There we presented our limited customer insights, ideas and best practices from similar organizations on other campuses. After showing our stakeholder group the relevant information we invited them to a casual talk to understand what insights they could offer. After the talk we opened up the discussion to the group and presented the group with sticky notes and a white board. We encouraged the generation of notes and then collectively reviewed and grouped the ideas. Lastly, we talked about the clusters that formed and wrote insight statements. It worked very well and was applied effectively. Insight Through the session we realized that multiple criteria are very important for our events in order to ensure growth. First of all, we concluded that students would most likely attend if the events were free. Second of all, it became clear that the events have to be flexible in time and fit with the student schedule. This means the events should take place in the afternoon and early evening. Lastly, the events should have a very heavy social component, as with COVID it would bring a lot of value to students if we facilitated networking. The next steps will be organizing test events and then getting feedback on them. The goal is to get multiple hit events that we can repeat monthly. This session really made me realize how powerful design thinking can be. It allowed us to avoid mistakes before we made them. Approach Next time I would use the same tool in a similar case, but I would invite more potential customers from the target group as I learned that they had the most valuable insights. However, in general the tool worked very well and I would not change much. Overall, this tool was incredible for getting new insights. However, for a small operation such as ours it is a lot of work to organize a session. Nevertheless, the ideas and design criteria we generated in the event will be of much use in the future. Furthermore, my team and I are trying to implement the design thinking culture in the association, so that when we leave university the design thinking spirit can live on in the organization. I am very excited to try out the learning launch with our events next. References University of Virginia. (2015, 1. Januar). Mind Mapping Tool [Video]. Coursera. https://www.coursera.org/learn/uva-darden-design-thinking-innovation/lecture/lsFRa/ mind-mapping-tool
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Dataset Card for "pii_detect_train"

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