" It was further held in its summing up thus: "Under our jurisprudence the Government is not exempt from liability to carry out the representation made by it as to its future conduct and it cannot on some undefined and undisclosed ground of necessity or expediency fail to carry out the promise solemnly made by it, not claim to be the Judge of its own obligation to the citizen on an ex parte appraisement of the circumstances in which the obligation has arisen." In Century Spinning and Manufacturing Co. Ltd. vs Ulhasnagar Municipal Council, [1970] 3 SCR 854 Shah, J. again extended this doctrine of promissory estoppel against public authori ties thus: "This court refused to make distinction between a private 842 individual and a public body so far as the doctrine of promissory estoppel is concerned." In Motilal Padampat Sugar Mills vs State of Uttar Pra desh; , Bhagwati, J., as he then was, applied the doctrine of promissory estoppel to the executive action of the State Government and also denied to the State of the doctrine of executive necessity as a valid defence.