The ICAR has been held to be `State ' within the meaning Article 12 of the Constitution as per the judgement of this Court in the case of P.K. Iyer & Others vs Union of Indian & Others, reported in ; The ICAR started an Agricultural Research Service (in short 'ARS ') with effect from 1.10.1975 and the relevant grades and pay scales as on 31.12.1985 are given as under : "Grades Pay scales Scientist S Rs. 550 990 Scientist S 1 Rs. 700 1300 Scientist S 2 Rs. 1100 1600 Scientist S 3 Rs. 1500 2000" The Scientists of the ICAR who were earlier covered by the Third Pay Commission pay scales had been demanding parity in pay scales with the employees of the Agricultural Universities who were also financed by the ICAR.