The decided cases were based upon one or other of the following principles: (i) the Receiving Railway is the agent of the Forwarding Railway; (ii) both the Railways constitute a partnership and each acts as the agent of the other; (iii) the Receiving Railway is the agent of the consignor in entrusting the goods to the Forwarding Railway: an instructive and exhaustive discussion on the said three principles in their application to varying situations is found in Kulu Ram Maigraj vs The Madras Railway Company (1), G. I. P. Railway Co. vs Radhakisan Khushaldas (2 ), and Bristol And Exeter Railway vs Collins (3); (iv) the Receiving Railway, which is the bailee of the goods, is authorized by the consignor to appoint the Forwarding Railway as a sub bailee, and, after such appointment, direct relationship of bailment is constituted between the consignor and the sub bailee; and (v) in the case of through booked traffic the consignor of the goods is given an option under 'section 80 of the Indian Railways.