Constitutional validity of the provisions of the Bill, if enacted, and any action taken thereunder, being challenged in courts of law involving protracted and avoidable litigation; 493 AND WHEREAS in view of what has been hereinbefore stated, it appears to me that the question of law hereinafter set out is likely to arise and is of such a nature and of such public importance that it is expedient to obtain the opinion of the Supreme Court of India thereon; NOW, THEREFORE, in exercise of the powers conferred upon me by clause (1) of Article 143 of the Constitution, I, Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, President of India, hereby refer the following question to the Supreme Court of India for consideration and report thereon, namely: Question (1) Whether the Bill or any of the provisions thereof, if enacted, would be constitutionally invalid ? New Delhi, Dated: 1st day of August, 1978 PRESIDENT OF INDIA" Annexed to the order of reference is a copy of the Bill which runs thus: "THE SPECIAL COURTS BILL, 1978 A BILL to provide for the trial of a certain class of offences WHEREAS Commissions of.