For a text recites, 'sons of many descriptions, who were made by the ancient Saints, cannot now be adopted by men, by reason of their deficiency of power; ' and against those, other than the son given, being substitutes, there is a prohibition in a passage of law, wherein, after having been premised "The adoption, as sons of these other than the legitimate son, and the son given," it is subjoined. 'This rule, sages pronounce to be avoided in the Kali age. ' "Upon the words, "in a passage of law" there is the following note; This passage, which is frequently cited, is attributed to the Aditya purana, and in its complete state is thus, 'The adoption, as sons of those other than the legitimate son, and son given; the procreation of issue by a brother in law; the assuming the state of an anchoret; these rules, sages pronounce to be avoided in the Kali age. '" Sir Thomas Strange, a former Chief Justice of Madras observes in his book on 'Hindu Law ' (published in 1830) Volume I at pages 74 75 as under: ". . whence the different sorts of sons enumerated by different authorities, all resolving themselves, with Menu, into twelve; that is, the legally begotten, and eleven subsidiary ones, reckoning the son of the appointed daughter (putrika putra) as the same in effect with the one legally begotten, and therefore not to be separately accounted; all formerly, in their turn and order, capable of succession, for the double purpose of obsequies, and of inheritance; six (reckoning, with Menu, the legally begotton, 41 and the son of the appointed daughter as one), deriving their pretensions from birth, six, from distinct adoptions; the first of the twelve, namely, the issue male of the body lawfully begotten, being the principal one of the whole as the son given in adoption was always the preferable one, among those obtainable expressly in this mode.