and such other parts of India as are outside British India at the States as well as such other territories as are willing to be constituted into the Independent Sovereign India, shall be a Union of them all; and (3) Where in the said territories, whether with their pre sent boundaries or with such others as may be determined by the Constituent Assembly and there after according to the Law of the Constitution, shall 464 possess and retain the status of autonomous Units, together with residuary powers, and exercise all powers, and exercise all powers and functions as are vested in or assigned to the Union, or as are inherent or implied in the Union or resulting therefrom; and (4) Wherein all power and authority of the Sovereign Independent India, its constituent parts and organs of government, are derived from the people; and (5) Wherein shall be guaranteed and secured to all the people of India justice, social, economic and political; equality of status, of opportunity, and before the law, freedom of thought, expression, belief, faith, worship, vocation, association and action, subject to law and public morality; and (6) Wherein adequate safeguards shall be provided for minorities, Backward and tribal areas, and depressed and other backward classes; and (7) Wherein shall be maintained the integrity of the territory of the Republic and its sovereign rights on land, sea, and air according to Justice and the law of civilised nations: and (8) this ancient land attains its rightful and honoured place in the world and make its full and willing contribution to the promotion of world peace and the welfare of mankind." (Underlining by us) Clause (6) of the above resolution which was later adopted by the Constituent Assembly pledged to make adequate safeguards in the Constitution for 'minorities, backward and tribal areas and depressed and other backward classes ' The above resolution and the history of the enactment of Part XVI of the Constitution by the Constituent Assembly lead to the conclusion that backward classes are only those castes, races, tribes or communities, which are identified by birth, which are backward.