Sitting as President of the Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration, the learned Judge posed the question as to what is the model or criterion by which fairness or reasonableness is to be determined, and he answered it by saying that " a fair and reasonable wage in the case of an unskilled labourer must be ail amount adequate to cover the normal needs of the average employee regarded as a human being living in a civilised community." (1) (1) Cited by Foender in "Better Employment Relations", , 178, 545 In their work " Industrial Democracy " published in 1920 Sidney and Beatrice Webb observed that "there is a growing feeling not confined to trade unionists that the best interests in the community can only be attained by deliberately securing to each section of the workers those conditions which are necessary for the continuous and efficient fulfilment of its particular function in the social machine " (p. 590).