The contentions in support of the petitions urged at the hearing of these petitions of which (b) & (c) are particular to WP Nos. 14 and 15 of 1974 may be noticed and formulated thus: 487 "(a) that the legislative declaration in Section 2 of the 'Act ' that the legislation is for giving effect to the Directive Principles of State Policy, specified in clauses (b) & (c) of Article 39 of the Constitution is invalid, it being merely a pretext to undo and take away the petitioners ' legitimate entitle ment to the payment of market value as provid ed in the terms of the licence read with Section 6 and 7 of Electricity Act, 19 10, and, accordingly, the legislation does not attract the constitutional validity from challenge under Article 31 C of the Constitu tion; (b) that, pursuant to the order made under Section 4(1) of the 1954 Act petitioners ' undertakings stood vested in Government in the year 1968 and the concomitant right to receive compensation as determinable under and in terms of the 1954 Act was came to be vested in the petitioners and got crystalized into a 'chose in action ' and that in the circum stances the impugned 'Act ' which in effect and substance acquires only these "choses in action", and not the undertakings as such which had already vested under the 1954 Act; (c) that Section 23(2) of the Impugned Act in so far it seeks to undo the legal incidents and consequences of the order made which provided a less disadvantageous standards for the determination of the amount and the im pugned orders which seeks to declare that the said undertakings vest again in Government this time pursuant to order pro mulgating under Section 4(1) of the impugned Act is violative of Article 14, 19(1)(g) and 31 (as the latter Articles then stood) being a fraud on the power to acquire; (d) that the 'Act ' is violative of Article 14 of the Constitution in as much as it seeks to confer upon the Government an alternative and discriminatory power of attaining the same end, namely, the acquisition of petitioners ' undertakings on terms more advantageous to the Government and more disadvantageous to the petitioners than those contained in the Elec tricity Act 1910; that the direct effect of the impugned Act is to extinguish the rights conferred upon the petitioners to carry on a lawful business in terms of the subsisting licences in their favour and is violative of Article 19(1)(f) (as it then stood) and 19(1)(g): 488 (e) that, at all events, Section 4(5) of the Act which renders a licencee, who after the vesting date was in possession of, or deriving any benefit from, the undertaking liable to pay to Government compensation for the use occupation enjoyment of the undertak ing is arbitrary and violative of Articles 14 and 31; (f) that clause 5(2)(i) of the Act which excludes from the compensation of the 'Amount ' works paid for by the consumers is violative of Article 19(1)(g) and Article 31; (g) that Section 10(d) providing for deduc tion from the 'Amount ' sums due to the Govern ment or the Electricity Board by the licencee account of electricity supplied by Government is arbitrary, as the provision empowers deduc tions of even sums bona fide disputed by the licencee of debts.