State of Punjab vs Ajaib Singh & Another ([1953] S.C.R. 254), Shaik Ali Ahmed vs Collector of Bombay (I.L.R. , Chiranjit Lal Chowdhury vs The Union of India ([1950] S.C.R. 869), Budhan Choudhry and others vs The State of Bihar ([1955] 1 S.C.R. 1045), Middleton vs Texas Power and Light Company ; , Bowman vs Lewis (101 U.S. 22; , The State of Rajasthan vs Rao Manohar Singhji ([1954] S.C.R. 996), Bhikaji Narayan Dhakras vs The State of Madhya Pradesh, Nagpur and Another ([1965] 2 S.C.R. 589) and Erimmal Ebrahim Hajee vs The Collector of Malabar ([1954] , referred to.