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---
language:
- en
license: apache-2.0
library_name: transformers
datasets:
- Intel/orca_dpo_pairs
- wikipedia
- Open-Orca/OpenOrca
inference: false
model-index:
- name: phi-2-upscaled-4B-instruct-v0.1
  results:
  - task:
      type: text-generation
      name: Text Generation
    dataset:
      name: AI2 Reasoning Challenge (25-Shot)
      type: ai2_arc
      config: ARC-Challenge
      split: test
      args:
        num_few_shot: 25
    metrics:
    - type: acc_norm
      value: 22.95
      name: normalized accuracy
    source:
      url: https://huggingface.co/spaces/HuggingFaceH4/open_llm_leaderboard?query=daekeun-ml/phi-2-upscaled-4B-instruct-v0.1
      name: Open LLM Leaderboard
  - task:
      type: text-generation
      name: Text Generation
    dataset:
      name: HellaSwag (10-Shot)
      type: hellaswag
      split: validation
      args:
        num_few_shot: 10
    metrics:
    - type: acc_norm
      value: 28.68
      name: normalized accuracy
    source:
      url: https://huggingface.co/spaces/HuggingFaceH4/open_llm_leaderboard?query=daekeun-ml/phi-2-upscaled-4B-instruct-v0.1
      name: Open LLM Leaderboard
  - task:
      type: text-generation
      name: Text Generation
    dataset:
      name: MMLU (5-Shot)
      type: cais/mmlu
      config: all
      split: test
      args:
        num_few_shot: 5
    metrics:
    - type: acc
      value: 26.8
      name: accuracy
    source:
      url: https://huggingface.co/spaces/HuggingFaceH4/open_llm_leaderboard?query=daekeun-ml/phi-2-upscaled-4B-instruct-v0.1
      name: Open LLM Leaderboard
  - task:
      type: text-generation
      name: Text Generation
    dataset:
      name: TruthfulQA (0-shot)
      type: truthful_qa
      config: multiple_choice
      split: validation
      args:
        num_few_shot: 0
    metrics:
    - type: mc2
      value: 40.92
    source:
      url: https://huggingface.co/spaces/HuggingFaceH4/open_llm_leaderboard?query=daekeun-ml/phi-2-upscaled-4B-instruct-v0.1
      name: Open LLM Leaderboard
  - task:
      type: text-generation
      name: Text Generation
    dataset:
      name: Winogrande (5-shot)
      type: winogrande
      config: winogrande_xl
      split: validation
      args:
        num_few_shot: 5
    metrics:
    - type: acc
      value: 50.59
      name: accuracy
    source:
      url: https://huggingface.co/spaces/HuggingFaceH4/open_llm_leaderboard?query=daekeun-ml/phi-2-upscaled-4B-instruct-v0.1
      name: Open LLM Leaderboard
  - task:
      type: text-generation
      name: Text Generation
    dataset:
      name: GSM8k (5-shot)
      type: gsm8k
      config: main
      split: test
      args:
        num_few_shot: 5
    metrics:
    - type: acc
      value: 0.76
      name: accuracy
    source:
      url: https://huggingface.co/spaces/HuggingFaceH4/open_llm_leaderboard?query=daekeun-ml/phi-2-upscaled-4B-instruct-v0.1
      name: Open LLM Leaderboard
---

# phi-2-upscaled-4B-instruct-v0.1

## Model Details
This model is a model that performed continued pre-training and fine-tuning (instruction tuning) using the depth up-scaling (DUS) technique disclosed by Upstage.

### DUS(Depth Up-Scaling) and continued pre-training
Similar to the methodology disclosed in the paper, we expanded from 32 transformer blocks to 48 blocks and then continued pre-training with the public dataset. Pre-training was performed for 3 days using 4 `ml.g5.48xlarge` instances from AWS (NVIDIA A10G GPU x 32ea). For pre-training, we used a sample set from Wikipedia.
Note that performance is not guaranteed since only a small number of datasets were used for the experiment. The number of samples for training set is just around 1.5 million after tokenization.
For distributed training, all weights were trained without adapter techniques, and sharding parallelization was performed with ZeRO-2. The presets are as follows.

```json
{
    "fp16": {
        "enabled": "auto",
        "loss_scale": 0,
        "loss_scale_window": 1000,
        "initial_scale_power": 16,
        "hysteresis": 2,
        "min_loss_scale": 1
    },
    
    "bf16": {
        "enabled": "auto"
    },    

    "optimizer": {
        "type": "AdamW",
        "params": {
            "lr": "auto",
            "betas": "auto",
            "eps": "auto",
            "weight_decay": "auto"
        }
    },

    "scheduler": {
        "type": "WarmupLR",
        "params": {
            "warmup_min_lr": "auto",
            "warmup_max_lr": "auto",
            "warmup_num_steps": "auto"
        }
    },

    "zero_optimization": {
        "stage": 2,
        "allgather_partitions": true,
        "allgather_bucket_size": 2e8,
        "overlap_comm": true,
        "reduce_scatter": true,
        "reduce_bucket_size": 2e8,
        "contiguous_gradients": true,
        "cpu_offload": true
    },

    "gradient_accumulation_steps": "auto",
    "gradient_clipping": "auto",
    "train_batch_size": "auto",
    "train_micro_batch_size_per_gpu": "auto"
}
```

Some hyperparameters are listed below.
```
batch_size: 2
num_epochs: 1
learning_rate: 3e-4
gradient_accumulation_steps: 8
lr_scheduler_type: "linear"
group_by_length: False
```

### Fine-tuning
After performing pre-training, instruction tuning and alignment tuning were performed sequentially. This process only took about 10 hours using AWS `ml.g5.24xlarge` (NVIDIA A10G GPU x 4ea). The dataset used for instruction tuning is a sample set of the OpenOrca dataset, and the dataset used for alignment tuning is Intel's orca_dpo_pairs dataset.
All fine-tuning was learned using QLoRA, and the batch sizes were set to 3 and 1, respectively. We used 1,024 for the context length. 2,048 is also possible, but applying DPO often runs out of memory on 24GB GPU memory, so we settled on 1,024.
Please see below for relevant code snippets.

```python
peft_config = LoraConfig(
    r=8,
    lora_alpha=16,
    target_modules=["q_proj", "k_proj", "v_proj", "fc1", "fc2"],
    lora_dropout=0.05,
    bias="none",
    task_type="CAUSAL_LM",
)
training_arguments = TrainingArguments(
    output_dir="logs",
    num_train_epochs=1,
    per_device_train_batch_size=batch_size,
    gradient_accumulation_steps=4,
    optim="paged_adamw_8bit",
    learning_rate=3e-4,
    weight_decay=0.001,
    bf16=True,
    max_grad_norm=0.3,
    max_steps=-1,
    warmup_ratio=0.03,
    group_by_length=True,
    lr_scheduler_type="cosine",
    report_to="wandb", ...
)
```

### References
- Base model: [microsoft/phi-2](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/phi-2)
- Paper: [SOLAR 10.7B](https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.15166)

## How to Get Started with the Model

Since this model used ChatGPT's ChatML template, <im_start> and <im_end> tokens were added.
You can use Hugging Face's chat template to create the prompt, but you can also create the prompt yourself with the code snippet below.

```python
def create_inference_prompt(text):
     string = f"""<|im_start|>system
You are a helpful AI assistant.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>user
{text}<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
"""
     return string
```

If you want to simply see the inference results, please use the code snippet below.

```python
from transformers import pipeline, AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
import torch
torch.set_default_device("cuda")
model_path = "daekeun-ml/phi-2-upscaled-4B-instruct-v0.1"

model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
    model_path,
    torch_dtype="auto",
    trust_remote_code=True)

tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(
    model_path, 
    use_fast=True, 
    trust_remote_code=True
)

# Format prompt
message = [
    {"role": "system", "content": "You are a helpful AI assistant. Generate appropriate answers to given questions."},
    {"role": "user", "content": "What is a Large Language Model?"}
]

prompt = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(message, add_generation_prompt=True, tokenize=False)
inputs = tokenizer(prompt, return_tensors="pt", return_attention_mask=False)

outputs = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=200, do_sample=True, top_p=0.9, temperature=0.5, repetition_penalty=1.2)
text = tokenizer.batch_decode(outputs)[0]
print(text)
```

## Notes 

### License

Apache 2.0; The license of phi-2 is MIT, but the license of the orca dataset used for training is apache 2.0. 

### Caution
This model was created as a personal experiment, unrelated to the organization I work for. The model may not operate correctly because separate verification was not performed. Please be careful unless it is for personal experimentation or PoC (Proof of Concept)!
# [Open LLM Leaderboard Evaluation Results](https://huggingface.co/spaces/HuggingFaceH4/open_llm_leaderboard)
Detailed results can be found [here](https://huggingface.co/datasets/open-llm-leaderboard/details_daekeun-ml__phi-2-upscaled-4B-instruct-v0.1)

|             Metric              |Value|
|---------------------------------|----:|
|Avg.                             |28.45|
|AI2 Reasoning Challenge (25-Shot)|22.95|
|HellaSwag (10-Shot)              |28.68|
|MMLU (5-Shot)                    |26.80|
|TruthfulQA (0-shot)              |40.92|
|Winogrande (5-shot)              |50.59|
|GSM8k (5-shot)                   | 0.76|