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+ ---
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+ language:
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+ - en
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+ - ja
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+ library_name: transformers
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+ pipeline_tag: text-generation
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+ license: llama3
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+ model_type: llama
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+ ---
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+
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+ # Llama3 Swallow
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+
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+ Our Swallow model has undergone continual pre-training from the [Llama 3 family](https://huggingface.co/collections/meta-llama/meta-llama-3-66214712577ca38149ebb2b6), primarily with the addition of Japanese language data. The Instruct versions use supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and Chat Vector. Links to other models can be found in the index.
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+
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+
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+ # Model Release Updates
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+
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+ We are excited to share the release schedule for our latest models:
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+ - **July 1, 2024**: Released the [Llama-3-Swallow-8B-v0.1](https://huggingface.co/tokyotech-llm/Llama-3-Swallow-8B-v0.1), [Llama-3-Swallow-8B-Instruct-v0.1](https://huggingface.co/tokyotech-llm/Llama-3-Swallow-8B-Instruct-v0.1), [Llama-3-Swallow-70B-v0.1](https://huggingface.co/tokyotech-llm/Llama-3-Swallow-70B-v0.1), and [Llama-3-Swallow-70B-Instruct-v0.1](https://huggingface.co/tokyotech-llm/Llama-3-Swallow-70B-Instruct-v0.1).
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+
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+ ## Swallow Model Index
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+
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+ |Model|Llama-3-Swallow|Llama3 Swallow instruct|
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+ |---|---|---|
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+ |8B| [Link](https://huggingface.co/tokyotech-llm/Llama-3-Swallow-8B-v0.1) | [Link](https://huggingface.co/tokyotech-llm/Llama-3-Swallow-8B-Instruct-v0.1) |
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+ |70B| [Link](https://huggingface.co/tokyotech-llm/Llama-3-Swallow-70B-v0.1) | [Link](https://huggingface.co/tokyotech-llm/Llama-3-Swallow-70B-Instruct-v0.1) |
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+
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+ ![logo](./logo.png)
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+
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+ This repository provides large language models developed by [Swallow-LLM](https://swallow-llm.github.io/).
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+ Read our [blog post](https://zenn.dev/tokyotech_lm/articles/f65989d76baf2c).
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+
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+ ## Model Details
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+
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+ * **Model type**: Please refer to [Llama 3 MODEL_CARD](https://github.com/meta-llama/llama3/blob/main/MODEL_CARD.md) for details on the model architecture.
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+ * **Language(s)**: Japanese English
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+ * **Library**: [Megatron-LM](https://github.com/NVIDIA/Megatron-LM)
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+ * **Tokenizer**: Please refer to [Llama 3 blog](https://ai.meta.com/blog/meta-llama-3/) for details on the tokenizer.
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+ * **Contact**: swallow[at]nlp.c.titech.ac.jp
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+
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+ ## Model Performance
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+
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+ ### Japanese tasks
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+
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+ |Model|Size|JCom.|JEMHopQA|NIILC|JSQuAD|XL-Sum|MGSM|WMT20-en-ja|WMT20-ja-en|JMMLU|JHumanEval|Ja Avg|
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+ |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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+ | | |4-shot|4-shot|4-shot|4-shot|1-shot|4-shot|4-shot|4-shot|5-shot|0-shot| |
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+ | | |EM acc|Char-F1|Char-F1|Char-F1|ROUGE-2|EM acc|BLEU|BLEU|EM acc|pass@1| |
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+ |Llama-2-70b|70B|0.8651|0.5157|0.5464|0.9130|0.2372|0.3640|0.2657|0.2402|0.5496|0.2841|0.4781|
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+ |Swallow-70b-hf|70B|0.9178|0.6178|**0.6910**|0.9208|0.2279|0.4720|0.3046|0.2301|0.5750|0.2262|0.5183|
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+ |Qwen2-72B|72B|0.9607|0.6399|0.5617|**0.9261**|0.2362|**0.7560**|0.2747|0.2419|**0.7831**|**0.5567**|**0.5937**|
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+ |Meta-Llama-3-70B|70B|0.9473|0.6042|0.5965|0.9207|0.2254|0.6720|0.2855|0.2526|0.6975|0.4799|0.5682|
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+ |Llama-3-Swallow-70B-v0.1|70B|**0.9714**|**0.6695**|0.6881|0.9218|**0.2404**|0.7080|**0.3072**|**0.2548**|0.7049|0.4683|0.5934|
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+
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+ ### English tasks
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+
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+ |Model|Size|OpenBookQA|TriviaQA|HellaSWAG|SQuAD2.0|XWINO|MMLU|GSM8K|BBH|HumanEval|En Avg|
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+ |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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+ | | |4-shot|4-shot|4-shot|4-shot|4-shot|5-shot|4-shot|3-shot|0-shot| |
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+ | | |Acc|EM acc|Acc|EM acc|Acc|Acc|EM acc|CoT EM Acc|pass@1| |
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+ |Llama-2-70b|70B|0.4260|0.7988|0.6681|0.3379|**0.9256**|0.6876|0.5466|0.6643|0.3152|0.5967|
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+ |Swallow-70b-hf|70B|0.4160|0.7610|0.6433|0.3345|0.9191|0.6571|0.5080|0.6537|0.2409|0.5704|
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+ |Qwen2-72B|72B|0.4160|0.7890|0.6766|0.4052|0.9161|**0.8428**|**0.8908**|0.6388|**0.6049**|0.6867|
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+ |Meta-Llama-3-70B|70B|**0.4360**|**0.8263**|**0.6909**|**0.4071**|0.9213|0.7870|0.8014|**0.8266**|0.5177|**0.6905**|
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+ |Llama-3-Swallow-70B-v0.1|70B|0.4240|0.8231|0.6828|0.4059|0.9234|0.7745|0.8143|0.7352|0.4909|0.6749|
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+
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+ ## Evaluation Benchmarks
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+
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+ ### Japanese evaluation benchmarks
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+
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+ We used llm-jp-eval(v1.3.0), JP Language Model Evaluation Harness(commit #9b42d41) and Code Generation LM Evaluation Harness(commit #0261c52). The details are as follows:
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+
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+ - Multiple-choice question answering (JCommonsenseQA [Kurihara et al., 2022])
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+ - Open-ended question answering (JEMHopQA [Ishii et al., 2024])
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+ - Open-ended question answering (NIILC [関根, 2003])
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+ - Machine reading comprehension (JSQuAD [Kurihara et al., 2022])
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+ - Automatic summarization (XL-Sum [Hasan et al., 2021])
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+ - Machine translation (WMT2020 ja-en [Barrault et al., 2020])
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+ - Machine translation (WMT2020 en-ja [Barrault et al., 2020])
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+ - Mathematical reasoning (MGSM [Shi et al., 2023])
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+ - Academic exams (JMMLU [尹ら, 2024])
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+ - Code generation (JHumanEval [佐藤ら, 2024])
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+
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+ ### English evaluation benchmarks
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+
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+ We used the Language Model Evaluation Harness(v.0.4.2) and Code Generation LM Evaluation Harness(commit #0261c52). The details are as follows:
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+
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+ - Multiple-choice question answering (OpenBookQA [Mihaylov et al., 2018])
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+ - Open-ended question answering (TriviaQA [Joshi et al., 2017])
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+ - Machine reading comprehension (SQuAD2 [Rajpurkar et al., 2018])
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+ - Commonsense reasoning (XWINO [Tikhonov and Ryabinin, 2021])
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+ - Natural language inference (HellaSwag [Zellers et al., 2019])
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+ - Mathematical reasoning (GSM8K [Cobbe et al., 2021])
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+ - Reasoning (BBH (BIG-Bench-Hard) [Suzgun et al., 2023])
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+ - Academic exams (MMLU [Hendrycks et al., 2021])
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+ - Code generation (HumanEval [Chen et al., 2021])
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+
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+ ## Training Datasets
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+
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+ ### Continual Pre-Training
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+ The following datasets were used for continual pre-training.
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+
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+ - [Algebraic Stack](https://huggingface.co/datasets/EleutherAI/proof-pile-2)
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+ - [Cosmopedia](https://huggingface.co/datasets/HuggingFaceTB/cosmopedia)
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+ - [English Wikipedia](https://dumps.wikimedia.org/other/cirrussearch)
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+ - [Japanese Wikipedia](https://dumps.wikimedia.org/other/cirrussearch)
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+ - [Laboro ParaCorpus](https://github.com/laboroai/Laboro-ParaCorpus)
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+ - [OpenWebMath](https://huggingface.co/datasets/EleutherAI/proof-pile-2)
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+ - [RefinedWeb](https://huggingface.co/datasets/tiiuae/falcon-refinedweb)
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+ - [Swallow Corpus](https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.17733)
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+
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+ ## Risks and Limitations
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+
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+ The models released here are still in the early stages of our research and development and have not been tuned to ensure outputs align with human intent and safety considerations.
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+
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+ ## Acknowledgements
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+
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+ We thank Meta Research for releasing Llama 3 under an open license for others to build on.
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+
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+ Our project is supported by the [Large Generative AI Development Support Program](https://abci.ai/en/link/lfm_support_program.html) of the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology.
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+
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+ ## License
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+
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+ [META LLAMA 3 COMMUNITY LICENSE](https://llama.meta.com/llama3/license/)
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+
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+ ## Authors
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+
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+ Here are the team members:
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+ - From [Tokyo Institute of Technology Okazaki Laboratory](https://www.nlp.c.titech.ac.jp/index.en.html), the following members:
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+ - [Naoaki Okazaki](https://www.chokkan.org/index.ja.html)
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+ - [Sakae Mizuki](https://s-mizuki-nlp.github.io/)
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+ - [Youmi Ma](https://www.nlp.c.titech.ac.jp/member/youmi.en.html)
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+ - [Koki Maeda](https://sites.google.com/view/silviase)
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+ - [Kakeru Hattori](https://aya-se.vercel.app/)
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+ - [Masanari Ohi](https://sites.google.com/view/masanariohi)
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+ - [Taihei Shiotani](https://github.com/inatoihs)
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+ - [Koshiro Saito](https://sites.google.com/view/koshiro-saito)
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+ - From [Tokyo Institute of Technology YOKOTA Laboratory](https://www.rio.gsic.titech.ac.jp/en/index.html), the following members:
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+ - [Rio Yokota](https://twitter.com/rioyokota)
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+ - [Kazuki Fujii](https://twitter.com/okoge_kaz)
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+ - [Taishi Nakamura](https://twitter.com/Setuna7777_2)
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+ - [Takumi Okamoto](https://www.linkedin.com/in/takumi-okamoto)
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+ - [Ishida Shigeki](https://www.wantedly.com/id/reborn27)
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+ - From [Artificial Intelligence Research Center, AIST, Japan](https://www.airc.aist.go.jp/en/teams/), the following members:
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+ - [Hiroya Takamura](https://sites.google.com/view/hjtakamura)
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+
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+ ## How to Cite
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+
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+ If you find our work helpful, please feel free to cite us.
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+
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+ ```tex
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+ @misc{llama3swallow,
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+ title={Llama 3 Swallow},
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+ url={https://swallow-llm.github.io/llama3-swallow.en.html},
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+ author={Swallow LLM},
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+ year={2024},
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+ }
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+ ```
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+
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+ ### Citations
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+
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+ ```tex
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+ @article{llama3modelcard,
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+ title={Llama 3 Model Card},
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+ author={AI@Meta},
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+ year={2024},
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+ url = {https://github.com/meta-llama/llama3/blob/main/MODEL_CARD.md}
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+ }
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+ ```