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Configuration error
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import os
import hashlib
import tempfile
import contextily as ctx
from mpl_toolkits.basemap import Basemap
import cartopy.crs as ccrs
import cartopy.feature as cfeature
from PIL import Image
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Determine platform and fallback cache path
def get_cache_dir(app_name):
if os.name == 'nt':
return os.path.join(os.getenv('LOCALAPPDATA', tempfile.gettempdir()), f"{app_name}_cache")
elif os.name == 'posix':
home_dir = os.path.expanduser("~")
if os.path.isdir(home_dir) and os.access(home_dir, os.W_OK):
return os.path.join(home_dir, f".{app_name}_cache")
else:
return os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(), f"{app_name}_cache")
else:
return os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(), f"{app_name}_cache")
# Define cache directories
CTX_TILE_CACHE_DIR = get_cache_dir("contextily")
BASEMAP_TILE_CACHE_DIR = get_cache_dir("basemap")
os.environ["XDG_CACHE_HOME"] = CTX_TILE_CACHE_DIR
os.makedirs(CTX_TILE_CACHE_DIR, exist_ok=True)
os.makedirs(BASEMAP_TILE_CACHE_DIR, exist_ok=True)
def draw_etopo_basemap(ax, mode="basemap", zoom=11):
"""
Draws a high-resolution basemap background on the provided Cartopy GeoAxes.
Parameters
----------
ax : matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot
The matplotlib Axes object (with Cartopy projection) to draw the map background on.
mode : str, optional
The basemap mode to use:
- "stock": Default stock image from Cartopy.
- "contextily": Web tile background (CartoDB Voyager), with caching.
- "basemap": High-resolution shaded relief using Basemap, with caching.
Default is "basemap".
zoom : int, optional
Tile zoom level (only for "contextily"). Higher = more detail. Default is 7.
Notes
-----
- Uses high resolution for Basemap (resolution='h') and saves figure at 300 DPI.
- Cached images are reused using extent-based hashing to avoid re-rendering.
- Basemap is deprecated; Cartopy with web tiles is recommended for new projects.
"""
try:
if mode == "stock":
ax.stock_img()
elif mode == "contextily":
extent = ax.get_extent(crs=ccrs.PlateCarree())
ax.set_extent(extent, crs=ccrs.PlateCarree())
ctx.add_basemap(
ax,
crs=ccrs.PlateCarree(),
source=ctx.providers.CartoDB.Voyager,
zoom=zoom
)
elif mode == "basemap":
extent = ax.get_extent(crs=ccrs.PlateCarree())
extent_str = f"{extent[0]:.4f}_{extent[1]:.4f}_{extent[2]:.4f}_{extent[3]:.4f}"
cache_key = hashlib.md5(extent_str.encode()).hexdigest()
cache_file = os.path.join(BASEMAP_TILE_CACHE_DIR, f"{cache_key}_highres.png")
if os.path.exists(cache_file):
img = Image.open(cache_file)
ax.imshow(img, extent=extent, transform=ccrs.PlateCarree())
else:
temp_fig, temp_ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 9),
subplot_kw={'projection': ccrs.PlateCarree()})
temp_ax.set_extent(extent, crs=ccrs.PlateCarree())
m = Basemap(projection='cyl',
llcrnrlon=extent[0], urcrnrlon=extent[1],
llcrnrlat=extent[2], urcrnrlat=extent[3],
resolution='f', ax=temp_ax)
m.shadedrelief()
temp_fig.savefig(cache_file, dpi=300, bbox_inches='tight', pad_inches=0)
plt.close(temp_fig)
img = Image.open(cache_file)
ax.imshow(img, extent=extent, transform=ccrs.PlateCarree())
else:
raise ValueError(f"Unsupported basemap mode: {mode}")
except Exception as e:
print(f"[Relief Error - {mode} mode]:", e)
ax.add_feature(cfeature.LAND)
ax.add_feature(cfeature.OCEAN)
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