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+ ---
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+ language: en
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+ tags:
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+ - exbert
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+
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+ # OLM GPT-2 December 2022
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+
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+ This is a more up-to-date version of the [original GPT-2](https://huggingface.co/gpt2).
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+ In addition to being more up-to-date, it also tends to perform better than the original GPT2 on standard benchmarks.
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+ It was trained on a cleaned December 2022 snapshot of Common Crawl and Wikipedia.
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+
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+ This model was created as part of the OLM project, which has the goal of continuously training and releasing models that are up-to-date and comparable in standard language model performance to their static counterparts.
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+ This is important because we want our models to know about events like COVID or
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+ a presidential election right after they happen.
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+
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+ ## Intended uses
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+
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+ You can use the raw model for text generation or fine-tune it to a downstream task.
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+
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+ ## How to use
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+
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+ You can use this model directly with a pipeline for text generation. Since the generation relies on some randomness, we
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+ set a seed for reproducibility:
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+
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+ ```python
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+ >>> from transformers import pipeline, set_seed
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+ >>> # It is important to include the bad_words_ids=[[0,2]] if you want this model to stay on topic.
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+ >>> # Otherwise, the model may generate start and end tokens followed by text that is not relevant to
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+ >>> # the previous text.
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+ >>> generator = pipeline('text-generation', model='olm/olm-gpt2-dec-2022', bad_words_ids=[[0,2]])
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+ >>> set_seed(42)
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+ >>> # This example also illustrates that sometimes our model generates
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+ >>> # bloggy/spammy/webb-y things, even though it gets higher evaluation results
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+ >>> # than the original GPT-2 accross a variety of benchmarks. See the first output.
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+ >>> generator("Hello, I'm a language model,", max_length=30, num_return_sequences=5)
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+ TODO
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+ ```
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+
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+ Here is how to use this model to get the features of a given text in PyTorch:
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+
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+ ```python
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+ from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
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+ tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('olm/olm-gpt2-dec-2022')
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+ model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained('olm/olm-gpt2-dec-2022')
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+ text = "Replace me by any text you'd like."
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+ encoded_input = tokenizer(text, return_tensors='pt')
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+ output = model(**encoded_input)
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+ ```
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+
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+ ## Dataset
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+
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+ The model and tokenizer were trained with this [December 2022 cleaned Common Crawl dataset](TODO) plus this [December 2022 cleaned Wikipedia dataset](TODO).\
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+ The tokenized version of these concatenated datasets is [here](https://huggingface.co/datasets/olm/olm-december-2022-tokenized-1024).\
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+ The datasets were created with this [repo](https://github.com/huggingface/olm-datasets).
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+
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+ ## Training
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+
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+ The model was trained according to the OLM GPT2 instructions at this [repo](https://github.com/huggingface/olm-training).
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+
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+ ## Evaluation results
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+
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+ The model achieves the following results without any fine-tuning (zero-shot):
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+
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+ | Task | Metric | Original GPT2 | OLM GPT2 Dec 2022 (Ours) | Significance of Difference (two-tailed p-value) |
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+ |:------------|:-----------|--------------------:|-------------------------:|----------------------------------:|
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+ |rte |acc |0.5307 |0.5199 | |
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+ |piqa |acc/acc_norm|0.6289/0.6251 |**0.6692**/**0.6665** | |
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+ |copa |acc |0.6400 |0.6800 | |
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+ |record |f1/em |0.7094/0.7026 |0.6884/0.6818 | |
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+ |boolq |acc |0.4872 |0.6021 | |
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+ |cb |acc/f1 |0.4101/0.2619 |0.3393/0.1840 |/NA |
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+ |hellaswag |acc/acc_norm|0.2892/0.3114 |0.3079/0.3482 | |
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+ |mrpc |acc/f1 |0.5662/0.6911 |0.6814/0.8099 | |
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+ |multirc |acc |0.0189 |0.0220 | |
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+ |lambada |ppl/acc |40.0554/0.3256 |28.3359/0.3699 | |
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+ |wsc |acc |0.4327 |0.3654 | |
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+ |wic |acc |0.4922 |0.5000 | |
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+ |mnli |acc |0.3372 |0.3501 | |
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+ |qnli |acc |0.5017 |0.4946 | |
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+ |cola |mcc |0.0126 |0.0000 | |
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+ |triviaqa |acc |0.0151 |0.0181 | |
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+ |winogrande |acc |0.5162 |0.5051 | |
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+ |webqs |acc |0.0030 |0.0079 | |
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+ |arc_easy |acc/acc_norm|0.4381/0.3948 |0.4693/0.4230 | |
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+ |arc_challenge|acc/acc_norm|0.1903/0.2270 |0.2090/0.2398 | |
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+
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+ To get these results, we used the Eleuther AI evaluation harness [here](https://github.com/EleutherAI/lm-evaluation-harness),
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+ which can produce results different than those reported in the GPT2 paper. The p-values come from the stderr from the evaluation harness, plus a normal distribution assumption.