README.md · meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct-SpinQuant_INT4

metadata

language:
  - en
  - de
  - fr
  - it
  - pt
  - hi
  - es
  - th
pipeline_tag: text-generation
tags:
  - facebook
  - meta
  - pytorch
  - llama
  - llama-3
license: llama3.2
base_model:
  - meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B
extra_gated_prompt: "### LLAMA 3.2 COMMUNITY LICENSE AGREEMENT\n\nLlama 3.2 Version Release Date: September 25, 2024\n\n“Agreement” means the terms and conditions for use, reproduction, distribution  and modification of the Llama Materials set forth herein.\n\n“Documentation” means the specifications, manuals and documentation accompanying Llama 3.2 distributed by Meta at https://llama.meta.com/doc/overview.\n\n“Licensee” or “you” means you, or your employer or any other person or entity (if you are  entering into this Agreement on such person or entity’s behalf), of the age required under applicable laws, rules or regulations to provide legal consent and that has legal authority to bind your employer or such other person or entity if you are entering in this Agreement on their behalf.\n\n“Llama 3.2” means the foundational large language models and software and algorithms, including machine-learning model code, trained model weights, inference-enabling code, training-enabling code, fine-tuning enabling code and other elements of the foregoing distributed by Meta at  https://www.llama.com/llama-downloads.\n\n“Llama Materials” means, collectively, Meta’s proprietary Llama 3.2 and Documentation (and  any portion thereof) made available under this Agreement.\n\n“Meta” or “we” means Meta Platforms Ireland Limited (if you are located in or,  if you are an entity, your principal place of business is in the EEA or Switzerland)  and Meta Platforms, Inc. (if you are located outside of the EEA or Switzerland). \n\nBy clicking “I Accept” below or by using or distributing any portion or element of the Llama Materials, you agree to be bound by this Agreement.\n\n1. License Rights and Redistribution.\na. Grant of Rights. You are granted a non-exclusive, worldwide,  non-transferable and royalty-free limited license under Meta’s intellectual property or other rights  owned by Meta embodied in the Llama Materials to use, reproduce, distribute, copy, create derivative works  of, and make modifications to the Llama Materials.  \nb. Redistribution and Use.  \ni. If you distribute or make available the Llama Materials (or any derivative works thereof),  or a product or service (including another AI model) that contains any of them, you shall (A) provide a copy of this Agreement with any such Llama Materials; and (B) prominently display “Built with Llama” on a related website, user interface, blogpost, about page, or product documentation. If you use the Llama Materials or any outputs or results of the Llama Materials to create, train, fine tune, or otherwise improve an AI model, which is distributed or made available, you shall also include “Llama” at the beginning of any such AI model name.\nii. If you receive Llama Materials, or any derivative works thereof, from a Licensee as part of an integrated end user product, then Section 2 of this Agreement will not apply to you. \niii. You must retain in all copies of the Llama Materials that you distribute the  following attribution notice within a “Notice” text file distributed as a part of such copies:  “Llama 3.2 is licensed under the Llama 3.2 Community License, Copyright © Meta Platforms, Inc. All Rights Reserved.”\niv. Your use of the Llama Materials must comply with applicable laws and regulations (including trade compliance laws and regulations) and adhere to the Acceptable Use Policy for the Llama Materials (available at https://www.llama.com/llama3_2/use-policy), which is hereby  incorporated by reference into this Agreement.\n  \n2. Additional Commercial Terms. If, on the Llama 3.2 version release date, the monthly active users of the products or services made available by or for Licensee, or Licensee’s affiliates,  is greater than 700 million monthly active users in the preceding calendar month, you must request  a license from Meta, which Meta may grant to you in its sole discretion, and you are not authorized to exercise any of the rights under this Agreement unless or until Meta otherwise expressly grants you such rights.\n3. Disclaimer of Warranty. UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THE LLAMA MATERIALS AND ANY OUTPUT AND  RESULTS THEREFROM ARE PROVIDED ON AN “AS IS” BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, AND META DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, BOTH EXPRESS AND IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. YOU ARE SOLELY RESPONSIBLE FOR DETERMINING THE APPROPRIATENESS OF USING OR REDISTRIBUTING THE LLAMA MATERIALS AND ASSUME ANY RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH YOUR USE OF THE LLAMA MATERIALS AND ANY OUTPUT AND RESULTS.\n4. Limitation of Liability. IN NO EVENT WILL META OR ITS AFFILIATES BE LIABLE UNDER ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,  WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT, NEGLIGENCE, PRODUCTS LIABILITY, OR OTHERWISE, ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT,  FOR ANY LOST PROFITS OR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL, EXEMPLARY OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, EVEN  IF META OR ITS AFFILIATES HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF ANY OF THE FOREGOING.\n5. Intellectual Property.\na. No trademark licenses are granted under this Agreement, and in connection with the Llama Materials,  neither Meta nor Licensee may use any name or mark owned by or associated with the other or any of its affiliates,  except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing and redistributing the Llama Materials or as  set forth in this Section 5(a). Meta hereby grants you a license to use “Llama” (the “Mark”) solely as required  to comply with the last sentence of Section 1.b.i. You will comply with Meta’s brand guidelines (currently accessible  at https://about.meta.com/brand/resources/meta/company-brand/). All goodwill arising out of your use of the Mark  will inure to the benefit of Meta.\nb. Subject to Meta’s ownership of Llama Materials and derivatives made by or for Meta, with respect to any derivative works and modifications of the Llama Materials that are made by you, as between you and Meta, you are and will be the owner of such derivative works and modifications.\nc. If you institute litigation or other proceedings against Meta or any entity (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Llama Materials or Llama 3.2 outputs or results, or any portion of any of the foregoing, constitutes infringement of intellectual property or other rights owned or licensable by you, then any licenses granted to you under this Agreement shall terminate as of the date such litigation or claim is filed or instituted. You will indemnify and hold harmless Meta from and against any claim by any third party arising out of or related to your use or distribution of the Llama Materials.\n6. Term and Termination. The term of this Agreement will commence upon your acceptance of this Agreement or access to the Llama Materials and will continue in full force and effect until terminated in accordance with the terms and conditions herein. Meta may terminate this Agreement if you are in breach of any term or condition of this Agreement. Upon termination of this Agreement, you shall delete and cease use of the Llama Materials. Sections 3, 4 and 7 shall survive the termination of this Agreement. \n7. Governing Law and Jurisdiction. This Agreement will be governed and construed under the laws of the State of  California without regard to choice of law principles, and the UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods does not apply to this Agreement. The courts of California shall have exclusive jurisdiction of any dispute arising out of this Agreement. \n### Llama 3.2 Acceptable Use Policy\nMeta is committed to promoting safe and fair use of its tools and features, including Llama 3.2.  If you access or use Llama 3.2, you agree to this Acceptable Use Policy (“**Policy**”).  The most recent copy of this policy can be found at [https://www.llama.com/llama3_2/use-policy](https://www.llama.com/llama3_2/use-policy).\n#### Prohibited Uses\nWe want everyone to use Llama 3.2 safely and responsibly. You agree you will not use, or allow others to use, Llama 3.2 to:\n1. Violate the law or others’ rights, including to:\n    1. Engage in, promote, generate, contribute to, encourage, plan, incite, or further illegal or unlawful activity or content, such as:\n        1. Violence or terrorism\n        2. Exploitation or harm to children, including the solicitation, creation, acquisition, or dissemination of child exploitative content or failure to report Child Sexual Abuse Material\n        3. Human trafficking, exploitation, and sexual violence\n        4. The illegal distribution of information or materials to minors, including obscene materials, or failure to employ legally required age-gating in connection with such information or materials.\n        5. Sexual solicitation\n        6. Any other criminal activity\n    1. Engage in, promote, incite, or facilitate the harassment, abuse, threatening, or bullying of individuals or groups of individuals\n    2. Engage in, promote, incite, or facilitate discrimination or other unlawful or harmful conduct in the provision of employment, employment benefits, credit, housing, other economic benefits, or other essential goods and services\n    3. Engage in the unauthorized or unlicensed practice of any profession including, but not limited to, financial, legal, medical/health, or related professional practices\n    4. Collect, process, disclose, generate, or infer private or sensitive information about individuals, including information about individuals’ identity, health, or demographic information, unless you have obtained the right to do so in accordance with applicable law\n    5. Engage in or facilitate any action or generate any content that infringes, misappropriates, or otherwise violates any third-party rights, including the outputs or results of any products or services using the Llama Materials\n    6. Create, generate, or facilitate the creation of malicious code, malware, computer viruses or do anything else that could disable, overburden, interfere with or impair the proper working, integrity, operation or appearance of a website or computer system\n    7. Engage in any action, or facilitate any action, to intentionally circumvent or remove usage restrictions or other safety measures, or to enable functionality disabled by Meta\_\n2. Engage in, promote, incite, facilitate, or assist in the planning or development of activities that present a risk of death or bodily harm to individuals, including use of Llama 3.2 related to the following:\n    8. Military, warfare, nuclear industries or applications, espionage, use for materials or activities that are subject to the International Traffic Arms Regulations (ITAR) maintained by the United States Department of State or to the U.S. Biological Weapons Anti-Terrorism Act of 1989 or the Chemical Weapons Convention Implementation Act of 1997\n    9. Guns and illegal weapons (including weapon development)\n    10. Illegal drugs and regulated/controlled substances\n    11. Operation of critical infrastructure, transportation technologies, or heavy machinery\n    12. Self-harm or harm to others, including suicide, cutting, and eating disorders\n    13. Any content intended to incite or promote violence, abuse, or any infliction of bodily harm to an individual\n3. Intentionally deceive or mislead others, including use of Llama 3.2 related to the following:\n    14. Generating, promoting, or furthering fraud or the creation or promotion of disinformation\n    15. Generating, promoting, or furthering defamatory content, including the creation of defamatory statements, images, or other content\n    16. Generating, promoting, or further distributing spam\n    17. Impersonating another individual without consent, authorization, or legal right\n    18. Representing that the use of Llama 3.2 or outputs are human-generated\n    19. Generating or facilitating false online engagement, including fake reviews and other means of fake online engagement\_\n4. Fail to appropriately disclose to end users any known dangers of your AI system 5. Interact with third party tools, models, or software designed to generate unlawful content or engage in unlawful or harmful conduct and/or represent that the outputs of such tools, models, or software are associated with Meta or Llama 3.2\n\nWith respect to any multimodal models included in Llama 3.2, the rights granted under Section 1(a) of the Llama 3.2 Community License Agreement are not being granted to you if you are an individual domiciled in, or a company with a principal place of business in, the European Union. This restriction does not apply to end users of a product or service that incorporates any such multimodal models.\n\nPlease report any violation of this Policy, software “bug,” or other problems that could lead to a violation of this Policy through one of the following means:\n\n* Reporting issues with the model: [https://github.com/meta-llama/llama-models/issues](https://l.workplace.com/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fmeta-llama%2Fllama-models%2Fissues&h=AT0qV8W9BFT6NwihiOHRuKYQM_UnkzN_NmHMy91OT55gkLpgi4kQupHUl0ssR4dQsIQ8n3tfd0vtkobvsEvt1l4Ic6GXI2EeuHV8N08OG2WnbAmm0FL4ObkazC6G_256vN0lN9DsykCvCqGZ)\n* Reporting risky content generated by the model: [developers.facebook.com/llama_output_feedback](http://developers.facebook.com/llama_output_feedback)\n* Reporting bugs and security concerns: [facebook.com/whitehat/info](http://facebook.com/whitehat/info)\n* Reporting violations of the Acceptable Use Policy or unlicensed uses of Llama 3.2: LlamaUseReport@meta.com"
extra_gated_fields:
  First Name: text
  Last Name: text
  Date of birth: date_picker
  Country: country
  Affiliation: text
  Job title:
    type: select
    options:
      - Student
      - Research Graduate
      - AI researcher
      - AI developer/engineer
      - Reporter
      - Other
  geo: ip_location
  By clicking Submit below I accept the terms of the license and acknowledge that the information I provide will be collected stored processed and shared in accordance with the Meta Privacy Policy: checkbox
extra_gated_description: >-
  The information you provide will be collected, stored, processed and shared in
  accordance with the [Meta Privacy
  Policy](https://www.facebook.com/privacy/policy/).
extra_gated_button_content: Submit

Model Information

The Llama 3.2 collection of multilingual large language models (LLMs) is a collection of pretrained and instruction-tuned generative models in 1B and 3B sizes (text in/text out). The Llama 3.2 instruction-tuned text only models are optimized for multilingual dialogue use cases, including agentic retrieval and summarization tasks. They outperform many of the available open source and closed chat models on common industry benchmarks.

Model Developer: Meta

Model Architecture: Llama 3.2 is an auto-regressive language model that uses an optimized transformer architecture. The tuned versions use supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and reinforcement learning with human feedback (RLHF) to align with human preferences for helpfulness and safety.

	Training Data	Params	Input modalities	Output modalities	Context Length	GQA	Shared Embeddings	Token count	Knowledge cutoff
Llama 3.2 (text only)	A new mix of publicly available online data.	1B (1.23B)	Multilingual Text	Multilingual Text and code	128k	Yes	Yes	Up to 9T tokens	December 2023
		3B (3.21B)	Multilingual Text	Multilingual Text and code
Llama 3.2 Quantized (text only)	A new mix of publicly available online data.	1B (1.23B)	Multilingual Text	Multilingual Text and code	8k	Yes	Yes	Up to 9T tokens	December 2023
		3B (3.21B)	Multilingual Text	Multilingual Text and code

Supported Languages: English, German, French, Italian, Portuguese, Hindi, Spanish, and Thai are officially supported. Llama 3.2 has been trained on a broader collection of languages than these 8 supported languages. Developers may fine-tune Llama 3.2 models for languages beyond these supported languages, provided they comply with the Llama 3.2 Community License and the Acceptable Use Policy. Developers are always expected to ensure that their deployments, including those that involve additional languages, are completed safely and responsibly.

Llama 3.2 Model Family: Token counts refer to pretraining data only. All model versions use Grouped-Query Attention (GQA) for improved inference scalability.

Model Release Date: Oct 24, 2024

Status: This is a static model trained on an offline dataset. Future versions may be released that improve model capabilities and safety.

License: Use of Llama 3.2 is governed by the Llama 3.2 Community License (a custom, commercial license agreement).

Feedback: Instructions on how to provide feedback or comments on the model can be found in the Llama Models README. For more technical information about generation parameters and recipes for how to use Llama 3.2 in applications, please go here.

Intended Use

Intended Use Cases: Llama 3.2 is intended for commercial and research use in multiple languages. Instruction tuned text only models are intended for assistant-like chat and agentic applications like knowledge retrieval and summarization, mobile AI powered writing assistants and query and prompt rewriting. Pretrained models can be adapted for a variety of additional natural language generation tasks. Similarly, quantized models can be adapted for a variety of on-device use-cases with limited compute resources.

Out of Scope: Use in any manner that violates applicable laws or regulations (including trade compliance laws). Use in any other way that is prohibited by the Acceptable Use Policy and Llama 3.2 Community License. Use in languages beyond those explicitly referenced as supported in this model card.

Hardware and Software

Training Factors: We used custom training libraries, Meta's custom built GPU cluster, and production infrastructure for pretraining. Fine-tuning, quantization, annotation, and evaluation were also performed on production infrastructure.

Training Energy Use: Training utilized a cumulative of 916k GPU hours of computation on H100-80GB (TDP of 700W) type hardware, per the table below. Training time is the total GPU time required for training each model and power consumption is the peak power capacity per GPU device used, adjusted for power usage efficiency.

Training Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Estimated total location-based greenhouse gas emissions were 240 tons CO2eq for training. Since 2020, Meta has maintained net zero greenhouse gas emissions in its global operations and matched 100% of its electricity use with renewable energy; therefore, the total market-based greenhouse gas emissions for training were 0 tons CO2eq.

	Training Time (GPU hours)	Logit Generation Time (GPU Hours)	Training Power Consumption (W)	Training Location-Based Greenhouse Gas Emissions (tons CO2eq)
Llama 3.2 1B	370k	-	700	107
Llama 3.2 3B	460k	-	700	133
Llama 3.2 1B SpinQuant	1.7	0	700	Negligible**
Llama 3.2 3B SpinQuant	2.4	0	700	Negligible**
Llama 3.2 1B QLora	1.3k	0	700	0.381
Llama 3.2 3B QLora	1.6k	0	700	0.461
Total	833k	86k		240

** The location-based CO2e emissions of Llama 3.2 1B SpinQuant and Llama 3.2 3B SpinQuant are less than 0.001 metric tonnes each. This is due to the minimal training GPU hours that are required.

The methodology used to determine training energy use and greenhouse gas emissions can be found here. Since Meta is openly releasing these models, the training energy use and greenhouse gas emissions will not be incurred by others.

Training Data

Overview: Llama 3.2 was pretrained on up to 9 trillion tokens of data from publicly available sources. For the 1B and 3B Llama 3.2 models, we incorporated logits from the Llama 3.1 8B and 70B models into the pretraining stage of the model development, where outputs (logits) from these larger models were used as token-level targets. Knowledge distillation was used after pruning to recover performance. In post-training we used a similar recipe as Llama 3.1 and produced final chat models by doing several rounds of alignment on top of the pre-trained model. Each round involved Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT), Rejection Sampling (RS), and Direct Preference Optimization (DPO).

Data Freshness: The pretraining data has a cutoff of December 2023.

Quantization

Quantization Scheme

We designed the current quantization scheme with the PyTorch’s ExecuTorch inference framework and Arm CPU backend in mind, taking into account metrics including model quality, prefill/decoding speed, and memory footprint. Our quantization scheme involves three parts:

All linear layers in all transformer blocks are quantized to a 4-bit groupwise scheme (with a group size of 32) for weights and 8-bit per-token dynamic quantization for activations.
The classification layer is quantized to 8-bit per-channel for weight and 8-bit per token dynamic quantization for activation.
Similar to classification layer, an 8-bit per channel quantization is used for embedding layer.

Quantization-Aware Training and LoRA

The quantization-aware training (QAT) with low-rank adaptation (LoRA) models went through only post-training stages, using the same data as the full precision models. To initialize QAT, we utilize BF16 Llama 3.2 model checkpoints obtained after supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and perform an additional full round of SFT training with QAT. We then freeze the backbone of the QAT model and perform another round of SFT with LoRA adaptors applied to all layers within the transformer block. Meanwhile, the LoRA adaptors' weights and activations are maintained in BF16. Because our approach is similar to QLoRA of Dettmers et al., (2023) (i.e., quantization followed by LoRA adapters), we refer this method as QLoRA. Finally, we fine-tune the resulting model (both backbone and LoRA adaptors) using direct preference optimization (DPO).

SpinQuant

SpinQuant was applied, together with generative post-training quantization (GPTQ). For the SpinQuant rotation matrix fine-tuning, we optimized for 100 iterations, using 800 samples with sequence-length 2048 from the WikiText 2 dataset. For GPTQ, we used 128 samples from the same dataset with the same sequence-length.

Benchmarks - English Text

In this section, we report the results for Llama 3.2 models on standard automatic benchmarks. For all these evaluations, we used our internal evaluations library.

Base Pretrained Models

Category	Benchmark	# Shots	Metric	Llama 3.2 1B	Llama 3.2 3B	Llama 3.1 8B
General	MMLU	5	macro_avg/acc_char	32.2	58	66.7
	AGIEval English	3-5	average/acc_char	23.3	39.2	47.8
	ARC-Challenge	25	acc_char	32.8	69.1	79.7
Reading comprehension	SQuAD	1	em	49.2	67.7	77
	QuAC (F1)	1	f1	37.9	42.9	44.9
	DROP (F1)	3	f1	28.0	45.2	59.5
Long Context	Needle in Haystack	0	em	96.8	1	1

Instruction Tuned Models

Capability	Benchmark	# Shots	Metric	Llama 3.2 1B bf16	Llama 3.2 1B Vanilla PTQ**	Llama 3.2 1B Spin Quant	Llama 3.2 1B QLoRA	Llama 3.2 3B bf16	Llama 3.2 3B Vanilla PTQ**	Llama 3.2 3B Spin Quant	Llama 3.2 3B QLoRA	Llama 3.1 8B
General	MMLU	5	macro_avg/acc	49.3	43.3	47.3	49.0	63.4	60.5	62	62.4	69.4
Re-writing	Open-rewrite eval	0	micro_avg/rougeL	41.6	39.2	40.9	41.2	40.1	40.3	40.8	40.7	40.9
Summarization	TLDR9+ (test)	1	rougeL	16.8	14.9	16.7	16.8	19.0	19.1	19.2	19.1	17.2
Instruction following	IFEval	0	Avg(Prompt/Instruction acc Loose/Strict)	59.5	51.5	58.4	55.6	77.4	73.9	73.5	75.9	80.4
Math	GSM8K (CoT)	8	em_maj1@1	44.4	33.1	40.6	46.5	77.7	72.9	75.7	77.9	84.5
	MATH (CoT)	0	final_em	30.6	20.5	25.3	31.0	48.0	44.2	45.3	49.2	51.9
Reasoning	ARC-C	0	acc	59.4	54.3	57	60.7	78.6	75.6	77.6	77.6	83.4
	GPQA	0	acc	27.2	25.9	26.3	25.9	32.8	32.8	31.7	33.9	32.8
	Hellaswag	0	acc	41.2	38.1	41.3	41.5	69.8	66.3	68	66.3	78.7
Tool Use	BFCL V2	0	acc	25.7	14.3	15.9	23.7	67.0	53.4	60.1	63.5	67.1
	Nexus	0	macro_avg/acc	13.5	5.2	9.6	12.5	34.3	32.4	31.5	30.1	38.5
Long Context	InfiniteBench/En.QA	0	longbook_qa/f1	20.3	N/A	N/A	N/A	19.8	N/A	N/A	N/A	27.3
	InfiniteBench/En.MC	0	longbook_choice/acc	38.0	N/A	N/A	N/A	63.3	N/A	N/A	N/A	72.2
	NIH/Multi-needle	0	recall	75.0	N/A	N/A	N/A	84.7	N/A	N/A	N/A	98.8
Multilingual	MGSM (CoT)	0	em	24.5	13.7	18.2	24.4	58.2	48.9	54.3	56.8	68.9

**for comparison purposes only. Model not released.

Multilingual Benchmarks

Category	Benchmark	Language	Llama 3.2 1B	Llama 3.2 1B Vanilla PTQ**	Llama 3.2 1B Spin Quant	Llama 3.2 1B QLoRA	Llama 3.2 3B	Llama 3.2 3B Vanilla PTQ**	Llama 3.2 3B Spin Quant	Llama 3.2 3B QLoRA	Llama 3.1 8B
General	MMLU (5-shot, macro_avg/acc)	Portuguese	39.8	34.9	38.9	40.2	54.5	50.9	53.3	53.4	62.1
		Spanish	41.5	36.0	39.8	41.8	55.1	51.9	53.6	53.6	62.5
		Italian	39.8	34.9	38.1	40.6	53.8	49.9	52.1	51.7	61.6
		German	39.2	34.9	37.5	39.6	53.3	50.0	52.2	51.3	60.6
		French	40.5	34.8	39.2	40.8	54.6	51.2	53.3	53.3	62.3
		Hindi	33.5	30.0	32.1	34.0	43.3	40.4	42.0	42.1	50.9
		Thai	34.7	31.2	32.4	34.9	44.5	41.3	44.0	42.2	50.3

**for comparison purposes only. Model not released.

Inference time

In the below table, we compare the performance metrics of different quantization methods (SpinQuant and QAT + LoRA) with the BF16 baseline. The evaluation was done using the ExecuTorch framework as the inference engine, with the ARM CPU as a backend using Android OnePlus 12 device.

Category	Decode (tokens/sec)	Time-to-first-token (sec)	Prefill (tokens/sec)	Model size (PTE file size in MB)	Memory size (RSS in MB)
1B BF16 (baseline)	19.2	1.0	60.3	2358	3,185
1B SpinQuant	50.2 (2.6x)	0.3 (-76.9%)	260.5 (4.3x)	1083 (-54.1%)	1,921 (-39.7%)
1B QLoRA	45.8 (2.4x)	0.3 (-76.0%)	252.0 (4.2x)	1127 (-52.2%)	2,255 (-29.2%)
3B BF16 (baseline)	7.6	3.0	21.2	6129	7,419
3B SpinQuant	19.7 (2.6x)	0.7 (-76.4%)	89.7 (4.2x)	2435 (-60.3%)	3,726 (-49.8%)
3B QLoRA	18.5 (2.4x)	0.7 (-76.1%)	88.8 (4.2x)	2529 (-58.7%)	4,060 (-45.3%)

(*) The performance measurement is done using an adb binary-based approach. (**) It is measured on an Android OnePlus 12 device. (***) Time-to-first-token (TTFT) is measured with prompt length=64

Footnote:

Decode (tokens/second) is for how quickly it keeps generating. Higher is better.
Time-to-first-token (TTFT for shorthand) is for how fast it generates the first token for a given prompt. Lower is better.
Prefill is the inverse of TTFT (aka 1/TTFT) in tokens/second. Higher is better
Model size - how big is the model, measured by, PTE file, a binary file format for ExecuTorch
RSS size - Memory usage in resident set size (RSS)

Responsibility & Safety

As part of our Responsible release approach, we followed a three-pronged strategy to managing trust & safety risks:

Enable developers to deploy helpful, safe and flexible experiences for their target audience and for the use cases supported by Llama
Protect developers against adversarial users aiming to exploit Llama capabilities to potentially cause harm
Provide protections for the community to help prevent the misuse of our models

Responsible Deployment

Approach: Llama is a foundational technology designed to be used in a variety of use cases. Examples on how Meta’s Llama models have been responsibly deployed can be found in our Community Stories webpage. Our approach is to build the most helpful models, enabling the world to benefit from the technology power, by aligning our model safety for generic use cases and addressing a standard set of harms. Developers are then in the driver’s seat to tailor safety for their use cases, defining their own policies and deploying the models with the necessary safeguards in their Llama systems. Llama 3.2 was developed following the best practices outlined in our Responsible Use Guide.

Llama 3.2 Instruct

Objective: Our main objectives for conducting safety fine-tuning are to provide the research community with a valuable resource for studying the robustness of safety fine-tuning, as well as to offer developers a readily available, safe, and powerful model for various applications to reduce the developer workload to deploy safe AI systems. We implemented the same set of safety mitigations as in Llama 3, and you can learn more about these in the Llama 3 paper.

Fine-Tuning Data: We employ a multi-faceted approach to data collection, combining human-generated data from our vendors with synthetic data to mitigate potential safety risks. We’ve developed many large language model (LLM)-based classifiers that enable us to thoughtfully select high-quality prompts and responses, enhancing data quality control.

Refusals and Tone: Building on the work we started with Llama 3, we put a great emphasis on model refusals to benign prompts as well as refusal tone. We included both borderline and adversarial prompts in our safety data strategy, and modified our safety data responses to follow tone guidelines.

Llama 3.2 Systems

Safety as a System: Large language models, including Llama 3.2, are not designed to be deployed in isolation but instead should be deployed as part of an overall AI system with additional safety guardrails as required. Developers are expected to deploy system safeguards when building agentic systems. Safeguards are key to achieve the right helpfulness-safety alignment as well as mitigating safety and security risks inherent to the system and any integration of the model or system with external tools. As part of our responsible release approach, we provide the community with safeguards that developers should deploy with Llama models or other LLMs, including Llama Guard, Prompt Guard and Code Shield. All our reference implementations demos contain these safeguards by default so developers can benefit from system-level safety out-of-the-box.

New Capabilities and Use Cases

Technological Advancement: Llama releases usually introduce new capabilities that require specific considerations in addition to the best practices that generally apply across all Generative AI use cases. For prior release capabilities also supported by Llama 3.2, see Llama 3.1 Model Card, as the same considerations apply here as well.

Constrained Environments: Llama 3.2 1B and 3B models are expected to be deployed in highly constrained environments, such as mobile devices. LLM Systems using smaller models will have a different alignment profile and safety/helpfulness tradeoff than more complex, larger systems. Developers should ensure the safety of their system meets the requirements of their use case. We recommend using lighter system safeguards for such use cases, like Llama Guard 3-1B or its mobile-optimized version.

Evaluations

Scaled Evaluations: We built dedicated, adversarial evaluation datasets and evaluated systems composed of Llama models and Purple Llama safeguards to filter input prompt and output response. It is important to evaluate applications in context, and we recommend building dedicated evaluation dataset for your use case.

Red Teaming: We conducted recurring red teaming exercises with the goal of discovering risks via adversarial prompting and we used the learnings to improve our benchmarks and safety tuning datasets. We partnered early with subject-matter experts in critical risk areas to understand the nature of these real-world harms and how such models may lead to unintended harm for society. Based on these conversations, we derived a set of adversarial goals for the red team to attempt to achieve, such as extracting harmful information or reprogramming the model to act in a potentially harmful capacity. The red team consisted of experts in cybersecurity, adversarial machine learning, responsible AI, and integrity in addition to multilingual content specialists with background in integrity issues in specific geographic markets.

Critical Risks

In addition to our safety work above, we took extra care on measuring and/or mitigating the following critical risk areas:

1. CBRNE (Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosive Weapons): Llama 3.2 1B and 3B models are smaller and less capable derivatives of Llama 3.1. For Llama 3.1 70B and 405B, to assess risks related to proliferation of chemical and biological weapons, we performed uplift testing designed to assess whether use of Llama 3.1 models could meaningfully increase the capabilities of malicious actors to plan or carry out attacks using these types of weapons and have determined that such testing also applies to the smaller 1B and 3B models.

2. Child Safety: Child Safety risk assessments were conducted using a team of experts, to assess the model’s capability to produce outputs that could result in Child Safety risks and inform on any necessary and appropriate risk mitigations via fine tuning. We leveraged those expert red teaming sessions to expand the coverage of our evaluation benchmarks through Llama 3 model development. For Llama 3, we conducted new in-depth sessions using objective based methodologies to assess the model risks along multiple attack vectors including the additional languages Llama 3 is trained on. We also partnered with content specialists to perform red teaming exercises assessing potentially violating content while taking account of market specific nuances or experiences.

3. Cyber Attacks: For Llama 3.1 405B, our cyber attack uplift study investigated whether LLMs can enhance human capabilities in hacking tasks, both in terms of skill level and speed. Our attack automation study focused on evaluating the capabilities of LLMs when used as autonomous agents in cyber offensive operations, specifically in the context of ransomware attacks. This evaluation was distinct from previous studies that considered LLMs as interactive assistants. The primary objective was to assess whether these models could effectively function as independent agents in executing complex cyber-attacks without human intervention. Because Llama 3.2’s 1B and 3B models are smaller and less capable models than Llama 3.1 405B, we broadly believe that the testing conducted for the 405B model also applies to Llama 3.2 models.

Community

Industry Partnerships: Generative AI safety requires expertise and tooling, and we believe in the strength of the open community to accelerate its progress. We are active members of open consortiums, including the AI Alliance, Partnership on AI and MLCommons, actively contributing to safety standardization and transparency. We encourage the community to adopt taxonomies like the MLCommons Proof of Concept evaluation to facilitate collaboration and transparency on safety and content evaluations. Our Purple Llama tools are open sourced for the community to use and widely distributed across ecosystem partners including cloud service providers. We encourage community contributions to our Github repository.

Grants: We also set up the Llama Impact Grants program to identify and support the most compelling applications of Meta’s Llama model for societal benefit across three categories: education, climate and open innovation. The 20 finalists from the hundreds of applications can be found here.

Reporting: Finally, we put in place a set of resources including an output reporting mechanism and bug bounty program to continuously improve the Llama technology with the help of the community.

Ethical Considerations and Limitations

Values: The core values of Llama 3.2 are openness, inclusivity and helpfulness. It is meant to serve everyone, and to work for a wide range of use cases. It is thus designed to be accessible to people across many different backgrounds, experiences and perspectives. Llama 3.2 addresses users and their needs as they are, without insertion unnecessary judgment or normativity, while reflecting the understanding that even content that may appear problematic in some cases can serve valuable purposes in others. It respects the dignity and autonomy of all users, especially in terms of the values of free thought and expression that power innovation and progress.

Testing: Llama 3.2 is a new technology, and like any new technology, there are risks associated with its use. Testing conducted to date has not covered, nor could it cover, all scenarios. For these reasons, as with all LLMs, Llama 3.2’s potential outputs cannot be predicted in advance, and the model may in some instances produce inaccurate, biased or other objectionable responses to user prompts. Therefore, before deploying any applications of Llama 3.2 models, developers should perform safety testing and tuning tailored to their specific applications of the model. Please refer to available resources including our Responsible Use Guide, Trust and Safety solutions, and other resources to learn more about responsible development.