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%WER = 6.12 Errors: 202 insertions, 643 deletions, 896 substitutions, over 28430 reference words (26891 correct) Search below for sections starting with PER-UTT DETAILS:, SUBSTITUTIONS:, DELETIONS:, INSERTIONS:, PER-WORD STATS: PER-UTT DETAILS: corr or (ref->hyp) three billion hours a week is not nearly enough game play to solve the world 's most urgent problems in fact very scary tons of studies were done to see if this was true tons of studies should have been done it 's (*->in) a serious issue and i turn around and (it 's->*) this (*->is) older man i have no idea who he is and i said i 'm sorry sir i don 't (and->*) that 's back from (*->a) high school algebra but let 's (let 's->*) take a look first we 've got population and you have (*->made) the remembering self of patient a (and->*) lot better (off->of) because now you have endowed patient a then what do we have to start taking emergency measures to try and keep the temperature of the earth (*->'s) stable disabled adjective crippled helpless useless wrecked most of them don 't leave a trace most of them are completely ignored by the remembering self of all the energy and so in fact we need a big breakthrough here something that 's going to be they do that because they 're able to follow the broken white line of highway a ninety two even better it was farm raised to the supposed highest standards of sustainability china brazil can get online they expect one billion more gamers in the next decade (*->so) it (will->*) bring us up to one point five billion gamers was its catalyst and nathaniel 's manic rage (repurposed->repurpose) multiple times and in each case it makes the whole greater than the sum of the parts with the data so (of->*) energy (gathered->gather) in these technologies is dramatically less than a power plant this is energy farming merging the two passions something interesting came out of the abyss which was all day it doesn 't shine every day and likewise the wind doesn 't blow all the time and so (if->*) you depend on these sources please don 't tell me there are no consequences to these things there are there always are now to be curious and imaginative then we are truly using our power well minute of pain that patient a had patient b had and more but now there is another question is really very deadening and it 's preventing millions of people from prospering you know in the next will be hard but the toughest one here is this long (term issue->termissue) who 's going to be sure who 's going to guarantee and if i want to step back and look at everything i can slice and dice my history perhaps by my search history unfortunately that 's all the good news because there ('s->are) some other problems and they 've been mentioned many times and one of them is that i thought back to a year ago when i brought mosquitos and somehow people enjoyed that we don 't want companies patenting life we don 't want companies owning seeds and you know what my response to all of that is yes it was as if he was in the grip of some invisible pharmaceutical a chemical reaction for which my playing the music taking something fake and making it into something real i 'm just going to leave it there and walk off the stage so i wrote this piece called avatar which was meant to absolutely push the envelope (who had->with) a question and (answer->answers) session after one of my lectures you might say it 's a recipe for the future of good food architects and engineers thankfully and but what are your fish eating (*->and) what 's the feed conversion ratio (now->*) the remembering self killed like ninety percent of the birds which for this place is a lot of birds too many chemicals pesticides hormones they used the channels to pull water back in they flooded the canals like three parts charles darwin and one part crocodile (dundee->dund) (miguel->migal) do they fly one hundred and fifty miles to the farm (a->*) drop in the ocean i know but i 'll take it and so should you what 's sustainable about feeding chicken to fish chernobyl (bhopal->bopal) the challenger let 's call him (don->dawn) (echinacea echinacea->econnesia a little econition) a little antioxidant to get you going is that (is->something) that (something->*) you can share since you do have a few moments (*->to) left now (sure->*) was a company trying to do it right i wanted to support (them->him) farms that (well the->*) last year this property had six hundred thousand birds on it that guy in the middle not so much his name is paul (offit->aweso) here 's what happened now essentially we 're in the same position we were in with the knife trick unlike (like->*) any fish (any->for all) farm i 'd ever been at i 've loved only two ever heard of a farm that doesn 't feed its animals you know i 'm okay with that think about that it 's an incredible fact and why is it true however romantic is also instructive will go hungry today one billion that 's more than ever before i was in a relationship with this beauty for several months and leaves the water is cleaner than when it (entered->enter) what 's become this unimaginable problem for (our->us) chefs and some fish meals and then he said chicken pellets by a tragic affliction with paranoid schizophrenia and then do they fly one hundred and fifty miles back at night they raised beef cattle on what was essentially wetlands (and->*) this is a bit (hard->how) to justify (i think i mean i->a thing) and all along agribusiness has simply asked oh and by the way those flamingos they shouldn 't even be there in the first place who lives in the present they created a twenty seven thousand acre fish farm so i 've known a lot of fish in my life but a farm that 's literally a water purification plant completely reversed the ecological destruction instead let 's look to the ecological model i mean you know you can choose your list (i said->*) chicken (pellets->pots) he said yeah feathers (skin->scan) it 's not even an idea it 's a process so after this amazingly fun conversation we talk about local food we eat organic but one thing will happen they will think they are happier the kind where the more you get to know your fish you love the fish what does that have to do with the placebo effect well they reversed the flow of water they literally flipped the switch being satisfied with people that we like if we 're feeding more people more cheaply how terrible could that be the data came back the data came back from the united states from england from sweden from canada and it was all the same no correlation no connection none at all in a russian reactor to make sure that our materials work properly then you 'll only be up in (the->*) hundreds of millions the tough thing is building the pilot reactor is that we 're going to have to work on each of these five and we can 't give up any of them because they they look daunting because they all (and->*) so you can ask how happy is the experiencing self and then you would ask how happy are the moments in the experiencing self 's life to the amount of electrical energy the world uses and what i found is that all the batteries we make now could store less than ten minutes gaming emotion now if you 're not a gamer you might miss some of the nuance in this photo you probably see the sense of urgency a little bit of and the ocean is the most challenging environment there is for the thrill of discovery and for that strange bond that happens than we do now people wrap themselves in their beliefs and they do it so tightly that you can 't set them free not even the truth will set them free and listen ninety percent of large fish the ones we love the tunas the halibuts the salmons (*->the) swordfish they 've collapsed (there was->the almost) nothing left time magazine person of the year bringing up all of them so looking at these people i can see that the majority come from government but (i could->*) that was a world i could really go to right here on earth that was as (as->*) rich and exotic as anything that i had imagined from reading these books there (is->'s) an economist named (edward->ever) castronova (his->whose) work is brilliant he looks at why people are investing so much time (and->in) energy and money in online worlds and taking them down so that they had access astrobiologists planetary scientists people who were interested in these (extremely fine->extremophile) environments (and->when) my voice broke and i had to stop and collect myself from the emotional shock that the (environment models->environments) environmental models have have (have->*) shown us that we have to meet and you know (terrapower->terror power) if things go well and i was standing over a (bushel->bushle) of tomatoes it was (summer time->summertime) i had shorts on i hear this guy his voice behind me say well if it isn 't (aimee->aimed in) mullins an african american man charming rugged homeless playing a violin that only had two strings it did click this man was (doctor kean->dr keene) a man (*->that) i had only known about (through->to) my mother 's stories of that day because of course smallpox smallpox killed billions of people on this planet it reshaped the demography of the globe in a way that no war ever has it 's gone why do we do that why do we do that well i think i understand we hate big pharma we hate big government we don 't trust the man and we shouldn 't our health care system sucks this motion kind of covers the moving back of my finger i take this hand away you give the knife out there (is->'s) a trick you can do for your friends and neighbors (*->him) thanks now the chef had (overcooked->over cooked) it like twice over ok amazingly it was still delicious and he says we 're witnessing what amounts to (no->know) less than a mass exodus to virtual worlds and online game environments and he 's an economist so he 's rational and he says but failure has to be an option in art and in exploration because it 's a leap of faith and no important endeavor that required innovation there was a case study done in (nineteen sixties in->1960s) britain when they were moving from grammar schools to comprehensive schools it 's called the streaming trials we call it tracking it (breathes->breeds) this uranium as it goes along so it 's kind of like (a->the) candle you can see it 's (it 's->*) a log there often referred to (as->us) a traveling wave reactor in terms of fuel this is a portrait by a photographer named (phil toledano->phildono) he wanted to capture the emotion of gaming so he set up a camera in front of gamers while they were playing and this is a classic expeditions and (and->*) you know really beginning to appreciate what was down there such as at the at the the deep ocean vents where we had these very different notions anyone who doesn 't distinguish those notions is going to (mess->miss) up the study of happiness and i belong to a crowd of students of well being (herodotus->arata to) says that games particularly dice games were invented in the kingdom of (lydia->lidia) during a time of famine apparently there was such a severe famine so we have an entire parallel track of education going on where young people are learning as much about what it takes to be a good gamer as they (are->'re) learning about everything else in school diseases that threatened millions of us just a generation ago no longer exist hardly (diphtheria->dipteria) rubella polio does anyone even know what those things are what we are capable of as human beings we are evolving to be a more collaborative and (hearty->hardy) species this is true i believe this so consider this really interesting statistic whether winning a second grade spelling bee marching with the girl scouts (you know->*) the halloween parade winning my college scholarship or any of my sports victories and (they 're all->there are) happiness for moments is a fairly complicated process what are the emotions that can be measured and by the way now we are capable of you may end up some people may end up moving to california and it 's sort of interesting to trace what is going to happen to people who move to california (in->and) the hope of getting happier but they could never simulate properly whether it would work or not and so it 's through the advent of modern supercomputers that now you can simulate and see that yes with the right when paul speaks in (a->it) public hearing he can 't testify without armed guards he gets called at home because people like to tell (him->them) that they remember where his kids go to school of the illusion in a moment when my hand moves from facing you to being away from you this finger right here my index finger is just going to shift from where it is to a (position->positioned) here i was doing some (nepotistic->nepatistic) searching looking for (bing->being) over here for live (labs->lapse) pivot and from these i can drill into the (web page->webpage) and just launch them again it 's one metaphor it 's pretty amazing as peter tells us not only do (do->*) they produce the tallest structures but (they 're->to) the most interesting structures of them all so the question you want to ask is how come blissful productivity i love it you know there (is->'s) a reason why the average world of warcraft gamer plays for twenty two hours a week kind of a (half time->halftime) job it 's because we know when we 're playing a game that we 're actually happier working hard than we are the industrial revolution and even in the (nineteen hundreds->1900s) we 've seen a very rapid decline in the price of electricity and that 's why we have refrigerators air conditioning we can make (uh->*) modern materials and do so many things fifty years we 're going to have to grow seventy percent more food than we do right now seventy percent this is investment in africa over the last thirty years disgraceful disgraceful they need it and we 're not giving it to them and why and in this way time is actually the critical variable that distinguishes (a->are) remembering self from (an->our) experiencing self time has very little impact on (this->the) story pop right back (in to->into) a specific section now the reason why this is important is because by virtue of just viewing web pages in this way i can look (at->it in) my entire browsing history in the exact same way so i can drill (in to->into) what i 've done what i 'd like you to think about is how we can use information (so->to) that patterns pop and we can see trends that would otherwise be invisible so what we 're looking at right here is a typical mortality chart organized by age this and my talk today will be mostly about these cognitive traps this applies to (laypeople->lay people) thinking about their own happiness and it applies to scholars thinking about happiness because it turns out we 're just as messed up as anybody else (is->'s) to post videos to post photos we piloted this game with (seventeen->one thousand seven) hundred players in two thousand and seven and we 've tracked them for the three years since and i can tell you that this is a transformative experience nobody wants to change how they live just because and so if you can deal with the negatives which are essentially the radiation the (footprint and->footprinting) cost the potential in terms of effect on land and various things is (*->in) almost in a class of its own things will change in ways that their fragile environment simply can 't support and that leads to starvation it leads to uncertainty it leads to unrest so (the->that) the climate changes will be terrible for them don 't put limitations on yourself other people will do that for you don 't do it to yourself don 't bet against yourself and and take risks nasa has this has this phrase that they like failure is not an option so perhaps technology is revealing more clearly to us now what has always been a truth that everyone has something rare and powerful to offer our society (*->that will) cause the patient to suffer but just a little and much less than before and if you do that for a couple of minutes you have made the experiencing self of patient a (worse->wors) off now we have some pilot things that do this at the sixty to eighty percent level but getting up to that full percentage that will be very tricky and (agreeing->a green) on where these (co two->co2) quantities should be put i don 't remember the statistic now (sorry->*) but the point is and all i can say about this is a literal pink carpet for as far as you could see but i was in love and my head well they couldn 't make it work not economically there is a genuine question (i->he) said what percentage how much did these patients think they suffered and they pushed water off the land and out into the river but our water has no (impurities->imperities) and every evening they fly one hundred and fifty miles back a journalist friend (had->have) been talking about this fish for a long time some fewer still have come from business it ruined the whole experience (okay->*) so let 's review a farm that doesn 't feed its animals to do that don 't look he 's a biologist (we->*) 're not (realists->realist) us foodies okay a farm that doesn 't feed its fish a farm that measures (its->the) success (and->any) in the process (miguel->migal) and this company so i just started playing whether we 're talking about (bass->mass) or beef cattle let 's start by asking how are (we->you) going to feed ourselves chemical contaminants pesticide runoff i first ate it at a restaurant in southern spain here he 's pointing out a rare black (shouldered->shoulder) kite look at their bellies pink (they 're->their) feasting (well->what) we need for one of these there is no feed someone who didn 't have a childhood is out there (that->at) the only true disability that 's the one that relies on two billion years what defines a story he looked at me like i (had->*) just quoted a whitney houston song it was more like a passionate affair a fish farm but also a bird sanctuary but it (hadn't->hadn 't) there 's my boss and (yes there it is->this was) i don 't care if it 's the secretary of (h h s->hs) one has come from music of american agriculture we should call it what it is let 's call him (miguel->migill) actually his name is (miguel->migill) to soak up impurities and then he added approaches in asking the question about the farm ('s->*) sustainability absolutely i said the mineral needs of phytoplankton and then there is a remembering self that 's fantastic i love big placebo the system is so healthy it purifies the water pointing out like this (ok->*) it came to the table a bright so it 's not just about the words that the fish are eating what they ('d be eating->'re beating) in the wild yeah if you get into that situation it 's like farms that aren 't worlds unto themselves none of it (ginkgo->ginko) fraud private bird sanctuaries in all of europe (you don 't->*) want to do that i (i->*) have to say i don 't understand it we object to genetically engineered food why do we do that well the things i constantly hear are that 's not necessarily the worst case and there are people in the (rich world->ritual) who look at ipcc and say (okay you know->ok) that that isn 't that big (of->*) a deal the fact is it 's that uncertain part this is how many people we now have in the world who spend at least an hour a day playing online games these are our virtuoso gamers five hundred million people who are (who are->*) extraordinarily good at something launching into more talk about rare birds and (algaes->algaees) and strange aquatic plants and don 't get me wrong (that->i) was really fascinating (you know->*) the biotic community unplugged kind of thing you know it 's great about a decade ago i wrote a story about vaccines for the new yorker a little story (and->in) i was amazed to find opposition opposition to what is after all the most effective public health measure in human history (in->and) you know (in->an) uncharted territory doing avatar coming up with new technology that didn 't exist before tremendously exciting tremendously challenging and we became a family you know (hum->*) of course this is my raggedy old (thesaurus i 'm->passar some) thinking this must be an ancient print date (right->*) but in fact the print (date->aid) was the early (nineteen eighties->1980s) so we can go jump and take a look at all (the->*) ted prize winners so you see we 're navigating the web for the first time as if it 's actually a web not (*->from) page to page but at a higher level of abstraction and innovation really stopped in this industry quite some time ago so the idea that there 's some good ideas (laying->lying) around is not all that surprising the idea of (terrapower->a terror power) i ('d->had) already finished editing the piece and i realized that i had never once in my life looked up the word disabled to see what i 'd find let me read you the entry but what he effectively did for me was reshape an awful daily occurrence into a new and promising experience for me and (to->did) dimensionalize this i went through and looked at all the types of batteries that get made for cars for computers for phones for flashlights for everything and compared that i chose to tell (were->where) science fiction stories terminator aliens (and->than) the abyss and with the abyss i (i->*) was putting together my love of underwater and diving with (film making->filmmaking) so (you know->*) so boundless compared to our own (meager->meageager) human imagination i still to this day stand in absolute awe of what i what i see when i make these dives and my love affair with the ocean is now there 's all sorts (gimmicky->of gimmy key) solutions like that one but they don 't really add up (too->to) much we need solutions either one or several that have (and->at) the people in the back (go okay->ok) i didn 't really see (that->the) people in (the->*) satellite room are like starting to move in now (let me->*) give you (*->a) good close look at this that really is my skin that is not a hollywood special effect that 's my flesh but these stories bothered me and i couldn 't figure out why and eventually i did and that 's because those fanatics that were driving me crazy weren 't actually fanatics at all they were thoughtful people educated people decent people music changes us and for nathaniel music is sanity because music allows him to take his thoughts and delusions and shape them through his imagination and his creativity into reality sixty thousand sixty thousand dollars a year people are unhappy and they get progressively unhappier the poorer they get above that we get an absolutely flat line i mean i 've (rarely->really) seen (lines->line) so flat so you might ask why would anyone actually spend time (writing->running) a marshmallow challenge and the reason is i help create digital tools and processes to help teams build cars and video games and visual effects and that 's the truth now (the->*) studio didn 't know that but i convinced them i said i said we 're going to dive to the wreck we 're going to film it for real we 'll be using it in the opening of the film (it will->to) be (really important it will be->*) a great marketing hook and i talked them into funding (an->and) expedition these are people who believe that they are individually capable of changing the world and the only problem is they believe that they are capable of changing virtual worlds and not the real world that 's the problem that i 'm trying to solve response of our memory it starts immediately we don 't only tell stories when we set out to tell stories our memory tells us stories that is what we get to keep from our experiences is a story and so you get the idea that when you navigate over information this way going (narrower->narrow) broader backing in backing out you 're not searching you 're not browsing you 're doing something that 's actually a little bit different it 's in between (and->*) that you can 't explain to someone else when you come back to the shore and you say you know we had to do this and the fiber optic and the (attentuation->attenuation) and (the this and the that->*) all the (all the->*) technology of it and the difficulty the human performance aspects of working at sea and keeps repeating them saying come dance with me come dance with me thank you this is an old study those are actual patients undergoing a painful procedure i won 't go into detail it 's no longer painful these days but it was painful when (this when this->the) study was run in the (nineteen nineties->1990s) for some time i have been interested in the placebo effect which might seem like an odd thing for a magician to be interested in unless you think of it in the terms that i do which is something fake the experiencing self has no voice in this choice we actually don 't choose between experiences we choose between memories of experiences and even when we think about the future genetically engineered food we don 't want to encourage people to eat that rotten stuff like cassava for instance cassava 's something that half a billion people eat it 's kind of like a potato it 's just a bunch of calories it sucks who against all odds is on the verge of an epic win now unfortunately this is more of the face that we see in everyday life now as we try to tackle urgent problems this is what i call the i 'm not good at life face and this is actually me i wrote a story about that too and i couldn 't understand why people thought this was (frankenfoods->franken foods) why they thought moving molecules around in a specific rather than a (haphazard->half hazarded) way was trespassing on nature 's ground but for these first three factors now we 've gone from twenty six billion to at best maybe thirteen billion tons and that just won 't cut it so let 's look at this fourth factor this is going to be a key one and that contrast (say is->says) in climate well it turns out that climate is not very important to the experiencing self and (is->it 's) not even very important to the reflective self that decides how happy people are achieving normalcy to one (of->a) possibility or potency to be even a little bit more dangerous we can release the power of so many more children and invite them to engage this really solves the problem i 've got a picture here of a place in kentucky this is the (left over->leftover of) the ninety nine percent where they 've taken out the part they (burn->are) now so it 's called depleted uranium that would power the (u s->us) epic (wins->winds) so possible in online worlds so the first thing is whenever you show up in one of these online games especially in world of (warcraft->forecraft) there are lots and lots of different characters who are willing to trust you with a world saving mission dude in that film (the->and it) success hung in the balance on whether that effect would work and it did and we created magic again and we had the same result with an audience although we did make a little more money on that (one->way) so is a force that can actually manifest a reality and the respect of your team is more important than all the laurels in the world typical fashion i arrived late (for->from) my birthday by two weeks (an->and) so my mother 's prenatal physician had gone on vacation so the man who delivered me was a complete stranger to my parents and in a miracle he lifted his own violin and he started playing by ear certain snippets of (violin->violent) concertos which he then asked me to complete (mendelssohn tchaikovsky sibelius->mentals and shaikovsky cibellos) (you know->now) the envelope pushed back and i was told by the folks at my company that we weren 't going to be able to do this for a while so i shelved it and i made this other movie about a big ship that sinks (you know->*) are they saying (*->that) there 's negative feedback effects that have to do with clouds that offset things there are very very few things that they can even say you know there 's a chance (in->and) a million of those things the main problem (we->you) have here saved their culture by playing games escaping to games for eighteen years and then been so inspired and (and->*) knew so much about how to come together with games that they actually (saved->save) the entire civilization that way (okay->ok) we can do that and there are now efforts to measure the two separately the gallup organization has a world poll with more (that->than) half a million people have been asked questions about what they think of their life and about certified by the world bank institute as a social innovator class of two thousand (*->and) ten working with universities all over sub saharan africa and we are inviting them to learn social innovation skills we 've got a graphic novel the first of these (trap->traps) is a reluctance to admit complexity it turns out that the word happiness is just not a useful word anymore because we apply (it->*) to too many different things this is because in the mid area here people are (at->*) their most active and over here (they 're at->*) their most frail we can step back out again and then reorganize the data by cause of death our language hasn 't caught up with the changes in our society many of which have been brought about by technology certainly from a medical standpoint something that is literally billions of times larger than any type of waste (*->do) you think of in (in->*) terms of nuclear (or->*) other things this is a lot (of->a) volume but you can view web pages with it and we bring that zoomable technology to every single (web page->webpage) like this so i can step back (you know->*) for example taxation policy and so forth is (is->*) there (any->really) chance that politicians that the country generally would take a finding like that seriously and run public policy based on it crazy idea plus twenty crazy idea i don 't get that feedback in real life now the problem with collaborative online environments like world of warcraft but he related to this music at a personal level he spoke about it with the kind of passion and understanding that i share with my colleagues in the los angeles philharmonic now this is a direct conflict between the experiencing self and the remembering self from the point of view (of->*) the experiencing self clearly b had a (worse->worst) time and (and->*) we start (off->out) actually by taking the waste that exists today that ('s->*) sitting in these cooling pools (or->are) dry casking by reactors that 's our fuel what exactly are gamers getting so good at because if we could figure that out we would have a virtually unprecedented human resource on our hands on these breakthroughs these breakthroughs we need to move those at full speed and we can measure that in terms of companies pilot projects regulatory things that have been changed but recently dna evidence has shown that the (etruscans->a truskans) who (lead->then led) to the roman empire actually share the same dna as the ancient (lydians->lidians) and so i didn 't see the ocean a (a->*) real ocean for another two years until we (until->though) we moved to california (you know->and now) since then (you know->*) in (in->*) the in the intervening (i->*) 'll do it for you and then i 'll explain it and then i 'll explain why i explained it (ok->*) so here (is->'s) what happens (the->*) knife which you (can->could) examine my hand which you could examine and most importantly there 's a partnership between those perceived (deficiencies->efficiencies) and our greatest creative ability for hundreds of years and simply by filtering (sea water->seawater) in an inexpensive process you 'd have enough fuel for the entire lifetime of the rest of the planet so but i didn 't let that daunt me i (pestered->pastured) my father until he finally found a a scuba class in in buffalo new york right across the border from where we live sounds crazy but this goes back to that theme about you know your imagination creating a reality because (we->it) actually created a reality where six months later i (find->found) myself in a russian submersible he 's making the r (and->&) d point and (and->*) so there is a (a a thread->threat) of something that i (i->*) think is appropriate the r (and->&) d piece it 's crazy how little it 's funded and then disappearing for days wandering the streets of skid row exposed to its horrors with the torment of his own mind unleashed upon him i know (dude->do) the algae the phytoplankton the relationships it 's amazing and no he didn 't cook the fish and he 's not a chef at least in the way that you and i understand it the possibility of an individual to see themselves as capable how are you going to feed the world can i be honest i don 't love that question and in the next decade we 're going to have another billion gamers who are extraordinarily good (uh->*) and (and->an) impact that the assault from these words unleashed (it->*) turns out (miguel->migal) spent the better part of his career in the (mikumi->makumi) national park in africa here in the states it 's separating students from a b c d and so on so for better (or->*) for worse aquaculture fish farming is going to be (a->*) part of our future people in the back (or->are) people on video years from now watching this (will go->ago) well yeah that looks kind of neat (in->and) and basically you can look at this you know as a tyranny of the remembering self which was delicious and i don 't like fish skin i don 't like it (seared->seeded) i don 't like it crispy and (and->*) if and if you would choose a different vacation or better how can we create conditions that enable every community previously imagined so that seemed to resonate with the whole science fiction part of it (no->*) i fell out of love with this fish because i swear to god after that conversation the fish tasted like chicken i 'm going to open my hand and hopefully (if all is->i fall as) well two point five to one great (*->like) two point five (to one->*) what what (are->do) you feeding sustainable proteins he said it 's hard to (overstate->overstrate) the destruction and for nathaniel music brought him back into a fold of friends you know i didn 't mention the skin of my beloved fish (and->*) maintains the story of our life and it 's the one that the doctor (bass->bas) mullet shrimp eel i can 't but this guy can (*->'t) it 's cruel to millions of people it 's absolutely (astonishingly->astonishing) cold the future of good food someone somewhere stands up and says hey (guy->gay) (and i 'm->*) panting and sweating (got->i 'm) mud up to my knees and (miguel 's->mcgal is) calmly conducting a biology lecture (no->now) i don 't love this question because it 's determined the logic of our food system for the last fifty years (it->*) was (film making->filmmaking) and that seemed to be the best way to reconcile at (veta la->vettel a) palma it 's a fish farm in the southwestern corner of spain i said (miguel->migal) isn 't a thriving bird population like the last thing you want on a fish farm is the respect that you have for them and that they have for you that you 've done a task (you know->*) i was imagining a march of the penguins thing you know so i looked at (miguel->mcgow) i said and we can measure that (misery->measury) very very clearly in terms of (*->the) well (their->they 're) experiencing self is not going to get happier we know that that what happens during these moments of experience is our life despite all our accomplishments a billion people go to bed hungry in this world some have come from natural sciences making it can you see (yes->it guess) good this is actually me making the i 'm not good at life face this is a piece of graffiti in my old neighborhood in berkeley california where i did my (phd->ph d) on why we 're better in games than we are in real life and this is a problem that a lot of gamers have we feel that we are not as good in reality as we are in games and i don 't mean just good as in successful although that 's part of it we do achieve more in game worlds but i also mean good as in motivated to do something that matters inspired to collaborate and to cooperate and when we 're in game worlds and the fundamental lesson i believe is that design truly is a contact sport it demands that we bring all of our senses to the task and that we apply the very best of our thinking our feeling and our doing to the challenge that we have at hand and sometimes a little prototype of this experience is all that it takes to turn us from an (uh oh->o) moment to a (ta da->tada) moment and that can make a big difference thank you very much we think it changes the way information can be used so i want to extrapolate on this idea a bit with something that 's a little bit crazy what we ('re->'ve) done here is we 've taken every single wikipedia page and we ('ve->*) reduced it down to a little summary so the summary (consisted->consists) of just little synopsis and an icon to indicate the topical area that it comes from i 'm only showing the top five hundred most popular wikipedia pages right here but even in this limited view several years ago here at ted peter skillman introduced a design challenge called the marshmallow challenge and the idea ('s->is) pretty simple teams of four have to build the tallest (free standing->freestanding) structure out of twenty (sticks->six) of spaghetti one yard of tape one yard of string and (a->of) marshmallow the marshmallow has to be on top and though it seems really simple it 's actually pretty hard because it forces people to collaborate very quickly every project has its own marshmallow doesn 't it the challenge provides a shared experience a common language a common (stance->sense) to build the right prototype and so this is the value of the experience of this so simple exercise and those of you who are interested (may->me) want to go to (marshmallowchallenge dot->marshmallow challenged) com it 's a blog that you can look at how to build the marshmallows (there 's step->they 're stepped) by step instructions on this there are i met (mister ayers->mr eyes) in two thousand (*->and) eight two years ago at walt disney concert hall he had just heard a performance of (beethoven 's->beethovens ') first and fourth symphonies and came backstage and introduced himself (he was->when) speaking in a very (jovial->jovialed) and gregarious way about yo yo ma and hillary clinton and how the dodgers were never going to make the world series all because of the (treacherous->treacher 's) first (violin->violent) passage work in the last movement (in->of) beethoven 's fourth symphony fear but intense concentration deep deep focus on tackling a really difficult problem if you are a gamer you will notice a few nuances here the crinkle of the eyes up and around the mouth is a sign of optimism and the eyebrows up is (surprise->surprised) this is a gamer who (is->'s) on the verge of something called an epic win now (*->at) (so it->*) goes like this from here right and as i move around my finger (shifts->shift) so we could talk about why this is deceptive why you don 't notice there are only three fingers down here because the mind and the way it processes information it doesn 't count one two three it groups them but that 's not really what this is about right (and->*) then i open my hand (up->*) obviously it 's clinging there not by animal magnetism but by turns out that if you administer a placebo in the form of a white pill that 's like aspirin shaped (it 's->*) just a round white pill it has some certain measurable effect but if you change the form that you give the placebo in like you make a smaller pill and color it blue and stamp a letter into it it is actually measurably more effective not one team had a standing structure not (one had a a->*) if anyone had built say a (*->a) one inch structure they (could have->wouldn 't) taken (home->on) the prize so isn 't it interesting that high stakes have a strong impact we did the exercise again with the same students what do you think happened then so now they understand the value of prototyping normally most people begin by orienting themselves to the task they talk about it they figure out what it 's going to look like they (jockey->jockie) for power then they spend some time planning organizing they sketch in they (lay out->layout) spaghetti they spend the majority of their time assembling the sticks into ever growing structures and then you sign up you tell us where you live and then we give you real time news videos data feeds that show you exactly how much oil costs what 's not available how food (supply is->supplies) being affected how (transportation is->transportations) being affected (*->and) if schools are closed if (their is rioting->there 's riding) and you have to figure out how you would live your real life as if this were true and then we ask you to blog about it if you 're queasy if you (if you->*) faint easily i was doing this for some friends in the hotel room last night and some people that i didn 't know and one woman almost passed out so i suggest if you (if you->*) get queasy easy that (you->*) look away for about the next thirty in fact (you know what->*) i 'll do the first bad part behind it you 'll get to see you can look away too if you 'd like to and even though (the->a) film didn 't make any money barely broke even i should say i witnessed something amazing which is that the the audience the global audience was mesmerized by this apparent magic you know it 's arthur clarke 's law that any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic they were seeing something magical and the reason is it takes a lot of trust to play a game with someone we trust that they will spend their time with us that they will play by the same rules value the same goal they 'll stay with the game until it 's over and so playing a game together actually builds up bonds and trust and cooperation and (and->*) we actually build stronger social relationships as a result we 've got leveling up in skills like local insight knowledge networking sustainability vision and resourcefulness i would like to invite all of you to please share this game with young people anywhere in the world particularly in developing areas who might benefit from coming together to try to start to imagine their own social enterprises to save the world bill gross has several companies (including->include) one called (esolar->east solar) that has some great solar thermal (technologies->technology) vinod (khosla 's->coalslas) investing in dozens of companies that are doing great things and have interesting possibilities and i 'm (i 'm->*) trying to help back that (nathan myhrvold->unithm myhrbled) and i actually are backing a company is that it 's so satisfying to be on the verge of an (epic win->epigin) all the time that we decide to spend all our time in these game worlds it 's just better than reality so so far collectively all the world of warcraft gamers have spent five point nine three million years solving the virtual problems of (azeroth->asaroth) now and that is true of the stories that memory delivers for us and it 's also true of the stories that we make up what defines a story (are->up) changes significant moments and endings endings are very very important and in this case you know the ending dominated that what 's happening to them is a pharmaceutical or (some sort of a->*) for pain management for example if they believe it enough there (is->'s) a measurable effect in the body called the placebo effect something fake becomes something real because of someone 's perception of it five million people use it every month they have compiled more information about world of warcraft on the internet than any other topic covered on any other wiki in the world they are building an epic story they are building (*->an) epic knowledge resource about the world of warcraft okay so these are four superpowers that add up (is->and so) that would be your response to the the (the bjorn lomborg->bunborg) argument that basically if you (if you->*) spend all this energy trying to solve the (co two->co2) problem it 's going to take away all your other goals of trying to rid the world of poverty and malaria and so forth it 's (it 's it 's->*) a stupid waste of the earth 's resources to put money towards that when there are better things we can do conducted about seventy design workshops across the world with students and designers and architects even the ctos of the fortune fifty and there 's something about this exercise that reveals very deep lessons about the nature of collaboration and i 'd like to share some of them with you so and he was talking about invisible demons and smoke and how someone was poisoning him in his sleep and i was afraid not for myself but i was afraid that i was going to lose him that he was going to sink into one of his states my legs (hum->*) you know laser surgery for vision impairment (uh->*) titanium (knee->knees) and hip replacements for aging bodies that are allowing people to more fully engage with their abilities and move beyond the limits that nature (has->is) imposed on them right a syringe with some (inert a couple->inertuple) ccs of some inert something and you inject this into a patient well this is such a powerful image in their mind (it->that) it 's so much stronger than the white pill (*->is) it ('s a->*) really this graph well i 'll show it to you some other time when we have slides the point is over a four and (*->a) half year period (and->*) it completely changed how i do (movies->a movie) so people have commented on how (well->*) you (know you->*) brought back the ocean organisms and put them on the planet of pandora to me it was more of a fundamental way of doing business the process itself that changed as a result of that but energy and climate are extremely important to these people in fact more important than to anyone else on the planet and the knife does not come off nothing goes up or down my sleeve (*->there 's) no trickery and you can examine everything (ta da->cut a) an energy breakthrough is the the most important thing it would have been even without the environmental constraint but the environmental constraint just makes (it->that) so much because if you have a patient who has had say two colonoscopies with two different surgeons and is deciding which (of->for) them to choose then this zero emission technology (have->*) we deployed it in all the developed countries and we 're in the process of of getting it elsewhere that 's super important so what reality do we want to call into existence a person who is limited or a person who 's empowered and so overall here if we 're optimistic we may get a reduction of a (a->*) factor of three to even perhaps a factor of (six->sex) went to look up the two thousand and nine (uh->*) online edition expecting to find a revision worth noting here 's the updated version of this entry we 're using games to escape real world suffering we 're using games to get away from everything that 's broken in the real environment everything that 's not satisfying about real life high scale (electro electro->electric electrical) generation things that 's very cheap we have twenty years to invent and then twenty years to deploy that 's sort of the deadline serves to be more disabling to the individual than the pathology itself by not treating the wholeness of a person continuously it has moments of experience one after the other and you can ask what happens to these moments and the answer is really straightforward have significant challenges let 's look first at the burning fossil fuels either burning coal or burning natural gas what you need to do there disable someone perhaps the existing model of only looking at what is broken in you and how do we fix it that 's right today you 're always refueling the reactor so you have lots of people and lots of controls that can go wrong that thing where you 're opening it up and moving things in and out that ('s->*) including countries like china will have had to switch their electric electricity generation (altogether->all together) so the other (grade->great) is are we deploying you can know how satisfied somebody is with their life and that really doesn 't teach you much about how happily they 're living their life is that instead of burning (a->the) part of uranium the one percent which is the (u->year) two thirty five we decided (*->well) let 's burn the ninety nine percent and if you drill into that it 's especially the case for (men->met) so you get the idea that viewing information viewing data in this way is a lot like i don 't want to go back and it 's not because i 'm adventurous it 's because possibilities on this planet they don 't go back they go forward so i want to get in the machine and i want to go forward and even if (given a->*) modicum of support if left to their own devices a child will achieve and the equation on (co two->co2) is actually a very straightforward one if you sum up the (co two->co2) that gets emitted (and->*) perhaps worse the indirect effects in that the natural ecosystems can 't adjust to these rapid changes and so you get ecosystem collapses finding the several billion finding the (*->the) regulator the location that will actually build the first one of these once you get the first one built i aspired to that kind of (normalcy->normal sea) back then (*->but) if you ask me today i 'm not so sure or indeed a prognosis on the expected quality of their life we have to make sure that we don 't put the first brick in a wall that will actually now how we 're going to go forward on this what 's (what 's->*) the right approach is (it->at) a manhattan project what 's the the thing that can get us there well we need lots (that->and) my friend (jacques dembois->jacquedam was) told me about and (the->a) poem is called the god who only knows four words every child proponents of genetically engineered food and the organic elite it 's an idiotic debate it has to stop it 's a debate about words about metaphors (i 'm->*) just going to hold the knife in my (fist->fists) like this (*->right) i ('ll->*) get my sleeve back and to make sure nothing goes up or down my sleeve i 'm just going to squeeze my wrist right here right (uh->*) really advanced civilization is based on advances in (*->in) energy the coal revolution (fueled->guiled) right they don 't (time->*) spend time (jockeying->jocking) for power but there 's another reason as well and the reason is that business students are trained to find (the->this) single right plan will significantly improve the team 's performance specialized skills and facilitation skills (are->and) the combination leads to to strong success but you know it 's (not it 's it 's it 's->*) really a serious thing because this stuff is crap and we spend billions of dollars on it and i have all sorts of little props here i am here (is->'s) why this picture pretty much sums up why i think games are so essential to the future survival of the human species truly (rundown->run down) worn out weakened impotent castrated paralyzed handicapped getting more (discussed->disgust) he (he->*) 's still because of his earlier stuff (further->sort of) associated with the skeptic camp but he 's realized that ('s->*) that 's a (pretty->prett) lonely camp and so i loved almost everything about my time spent at this hospital with the exception of my physical therapy sessions and then people would be able to eat (it->in) and they 'd be able to not go blind they wouldn 't starve and you know what that would be nice it wouldn 't be (chez panisse->shape penise) but it would be nice but as we make it cheaper and let 's say let 's go for making it twice as cheap we need to (meet->mean) a new constraint i did these expeditions because i had to at a certain point say what am i doing out here why am i doing this what do i get out of it there seems to be a discrepancy now i may be a bit extreme (you know->*) in how little appetite i have for consuming memories but even if you do more of (this->those) senile (decrepit->to crep it) laid up done up done for done in cracked up counted out their experiences and there (there->*) have been other efforts along those lines so in recent years we have begun to learn about the happiness of the two (selves->cells) i think you 're going to break one of those bands when you do break it i 'm going to give you (a->one) hundred bucks now of course this (this->*) was a simple (ploy->toy) i felt like i was physically present inside the shipwreck of titanic and it was the (*->the) most surreal (kind of deja->days j) vu experience i 've (i 've->*) ever had because (don->down) i said just to get the (facts->fact) straight you guys are famous for for farming so far out to (sea->see) you (you->*) don 't pollute that 's right he said we 're so far out advance but it 's like a fast reactor and a lot of countries have built them so anybody who 's done a fast reactor is a candidate to to be where the first one gets built who of them suffered more and it 's a very easy question i mean clearly patient (b->be) suffered more (his->is) colonoscopy was longer and every you 're teaching them to open doors for themselves in fact the the exact meaning of the word educate (i 'm->*) sorry (man am->mount and) i (*->might) freaking you out (ok->okay) and then just (through->threw) my skin a tiny bit and out the other side like this i don 't know i 'm (i 'm->*) convinced that there 's some sort of pull to nostalgia to wishful thinking and i understand that i 'm not part of that crowd i have to say and how to spend it would seem to be relevant but that is not the story that (the->are) remembering self keeps for us so we have the over specific time frames here in fact is the state of all the demo that i just gave and i can sort of (replay->replace) some stuff that i was looking at earlier today (so->*) we (we we->*) 've got a lot of interest that people from the company have been in russia india china i 've been (back seeing->vaccine) the secretary of energy here talking about how this and the set was based as an exact replica on the blueprints of the ship so (it->there) was this absolutely remarkable experience and it really (made me realize that->*) they were performing at a level and of course the heartbreaking flip side of (this->the) study is that they took the a students so for the next world saving game we decided to aim higher bigger problem than just peak oil we did a game called superstruct at the institute for the future even though neither one of these things has any pharmaceutical (*->place) they 're sugar pills but a white pill is not as good as a blue pill (*->they 're going to talk about) what so (ceos a->ceo 's) little bit better than average but here 's where (it->*) gets interesting if you put in an executive admin on the team they get significantly better this isn 't about rice (krispies->crispies) this is about keeping people alive and it 's about time we started to understand what that meant because you know something if we don 't adversity isn 't an obstacle that we need to get around in order to resume living our life it 's part of our life when we (when we->*) face failure when we confront obstacles we often don 't feel that way we feel overcome we feel overwhelmed we feel anxious maybe depressed frustrated or cynical that (formed->form) between these two men but how music helped shape that bond and ultimately was instrumental if you 'll (pardon->partner) the pun in helping (nathaniel->nthaniel) get off the streets and we know from that study that when you want reality you go to the needle this is a seven inch (hat->hot) pin it 's very very sharp so you know here i am now on the deck of titanic sitting in a submersible and looking out at planks that look much like this where i knew that the (that->*) the band had played it 's what we believe about people when we name them with these words it 's about the values behind the words and how we construct those values our language affects our thinking yeah well what happens with the waste you can (you can->*) let it sit there (there->*) 's a lot less waste under this approach then you can actually take that and put it into another one and burn that fits into the the energy agenda so i 'm optimistic you know the (french->prench) and japanese have done some work this is a a variant on something that has been done it 's an important (*->a) per unit of energy so let 's look at each one of these and see how we can get this down to zero (uh->*) probably one of these numbers is going to have to get (pretty near->prettar) to zero (now->*) so i decided i was going to become a scuba diver at the age of fifteen and the only problem with that was that i lived in a little village in canada six hundred miles from the nearest ocean i grew up on (a->*) steady diet of science fiction in high school i (i->*) took a bus to school an hour each way every day and i was always absorbed in a book so that 's probably a bit of a counterintuitive idea so i 'll just i 'll say it again let it sink in if we want to solve problems like hunger poverty climate change global conflict obesity and perhaps if we see adversity as natural consistent and useful we 're less burdened by the presence of it (to to->well they) actually do (the->this) software (buy->by) the supercomputer hire all the great scientists which we 've done that 's only tens of millions and even once we test our materials out the two week vacation is twice as good as the one week vacation that 's not the way it works at all for the remembering self for the remembering self (a->the) two week vacation is barely better i believe that if we want to survive the next century on this planet we need to increase that total dramatically i 've calculated the total we need at twenty one billion hours of game play every week and nathaniel was in such a state of agitation when we started our first lesson at walt disney concert hall he had a kind of manic glint in his eyes he was lost i say i 'm going to grab hold of my wrist to make sure nothing goes up or down my sleeve that is a lie the reason i 'm holding (onto->on to) my wrist is because that 's actually the secret why not a college classmate of mine wrote me a couple weeks ago and said you know she thought (i->it) was a little strident no one 's ever said that before now very quickly another reason we cannot think straight about happiness is that embracing it grappling with it to use a wrestling term maybe even dancing with it have we met i (i->*) don 't remember meeting you he said well you wouldn 't remember meeting me i mean when we met i was delivering you from your mother 's womb that 's not good so if you have very very cheap fuel (that->then) you can put sixty years in just think of it as a log died all of them by the time they were sixty my grandparents pushed that number to seventy my parents are closing in on eighty so i ('ve->*) and we 're going to move it where we want to move it we have to have these conversations and we have to think but when we get in the time machine and we go ahead the plant biomass the (phytoplankton->phytoplaint) the zooplankton it 's what feeds the fish the system is so healthy it 's totally self renewing (there->*) now the remembering self does more than remember and tell stories it is actually the one that makes decisions which is wishing for a lot could easily meet that and there are fortunately now dozens of companies we (need it->needed) to be hundreds to measure the experience happiness of the population this is going to be i think within the next decade or two part of national statistics expensive then the rich (can->could) afford that i mean all of us here could pay five times as much for our energy and not change our lifestyle so here (is->'s) what happens right here (*->at) the beginning of my flesh at the lower part of my arm i just make a little pierce to survive on the resources that were available and hopefully to take (the->your) civilization somewhere else where they could thrive now this sounds crazy right (ranked->rank) their life eight on a scale of ten you have a lot of uncertainty about how happy they are with their experiencing self we don 't think of our future normally as experiences we think of our future as anticipated memories we don 't believe a bunch of documents from a government official giving us data and i (i->*) do understand that i think we all do but you know what i know you did because half of americans do every day they take (the->this) stuff and they take alternative medicines and it doesn 't matter how often we limited audience (*->so) no fame no glory no money what are you doing you 're doing it for the task itself for the challenge so this is world without oil we made this game in two thousand and seven this is an online game in which you try to survive an oil shortage and they will feel they made the right decision it is very difficult to think straight about well being and that perhaps surprisingly is actually taking the nuclear approach (*->now) there are some innovations in nuclear modular liquid i believe that we need to aspire to play games online for at least twenty one billion hours a week by the end of the next decade from the paranoid disturbed man that had just come from walking the streets of downtown los angeles to the charming so that instead of navigating from one thing to the next we get used to the habit of being able to go from many things to many things and then being able to see the patterns that were otherwise (hidden->hit it) if we can do that then instead (yeah->ye) well the actual spending on the r (and d piece you know->& dp) say the u s should spend ten billion (a year->years or) more than it is right now it 's not that dramatic it shouldn 't take away from other things the thing you get into big money on response to this was to paint to draw alien creatures alien worlds robots spaceships all that stuff i was endlessly getting busted in math class you know doodling behind the behind the textbook and (and->now) some of you have probably read (malcom->malcolm) gladwell 's new book outliers so you would have heard of his theory of success (the ten thousand->a 10 000) hour theory of success it 's based on this great cognitive science research that if we can master we never have those feelings when we 're playing games they just don 't exist in games so that 's what i wanted to study when i was a graduate student what about games makes it impossible to feel that we can 't achieve everything how can we clothing tv heating these are very good things (and->*) getting rid of poverty means providing these services to almost everyone on the planet and it 's a great thing things going on in poor countries still some agriculture hopefully we will have cleaned up forestry cement so to get to that eighty percent the developed countries so i 'm going to wrap up now i want to ask a question what do you think happens next we 've got all these amazing gamers we 've got these games that are kind of pilots of what we might do but none of them have saved the real world yet it 's all here it 's all on the web you can go back to your rooms and try this after my talk with pivot you can drill into a decade you can drill into a particular year you can jump right into a specific issue conflict is the genesis of creation from darwin 's work (amongst->among) others we can recognize that the human ability to survive and flourish and so to understand it right this involves building deep into the ground almost like a vertical kind of column of nuclear fuel of this sort (of->*) spent uranium and then (and then and then->*) the process starts at the top and (kind of->*) works down and why because paul made a vaccine i don 't need to say this but vaccines are essential you take them away disease comes back horrible diseases and that 's happening we have measles in this country now is is (in->*) injected into the into the vehicle into this this other form of existence (*->and) it was really really quite profound and maybe a little bit of a glimpse to to what might be happening (you know->*) some decades out as relaxing or hanging out we know that we are optimized as human beings to do hard (and->*) meaningful work and gamers are willing to work hard all the time if they 're given the right work (finally->finely) epic meaning i think there is one particular (meaning for->meaningful) to which we might restrict it but by and large this is something that (we 'll->will) have to give up and we 'll have to adopt (the->a) more complicated view of what well being is can achieve the big numbers i 've left out tide geothermal fusion biofuels those may make some contribution and if they can do better than i expect so much the better but my key point here ready to work with you to achieve your epic mission (it 's->as) not something (that->*) we have in real life that easily (this->the) sense that at our fingertips are tons of collaborators and also (*->if) there (is->'s) this epic story this inspiring story of why we 're there shows (*->and) actually got me very excited about the fact that there was an alien world right here on earth i might not really go to an alien world on a spaceship someday that (that->*) seemed pretty (pretty darn->pretten) unlikely wrapped in the adversity so maybe the idea i want to put out there is not so much overcoming adversity as it is opening ourselves up to it goes very different ways depending on how you think and whether you think of the remembering self or you think of the experiencing self this is going to influence policy i think in years to come in the united states efforts are being made and i will always make music with nathaniel whether we ('re->were) at walt disney concert hall or on skid row because he reminds me why i became a musician thank you not to mention social networking platforms (allow->allows) people to self identify to claim their own descriptions of themselves so they can go align with global groups of their own choosing (and->*) we started talking about music from bach to beethoven and brahms (bruckner->brookneer) all the (b 's->bees) from (bartok->barktuk) all the way up to (esa pekka salonen->as a peck asyalin) and i understood that he not only had an encyclopedic knowledge of music but in fact we are changed we are marked of course by a challenge whether physically emotionally or both and i (am->'m) going to suggest that this is a good thing i asked the top scientists (on->and) this several times do we really have to get down to near zero can 't we just you know cut it in half or a quarter and the answer is that until we get near to zero so the question is can we do that and i i think we can i think it 's clear that we can make food that will feed billions of people without raping the land that they live on i think we can power this world with energy that doesn 't also destroy it and so i want to show you one other thing that may catch you a little bit by surprise i 'm just showing the new york times website here so pivot this application i don 't want to call it a browser it 's really not a browser on one day everybody would eat and on the next day everybody would play games and they would be so immersed in playing the dice games because games are so engaging (and immerse us->in immersive) in such satisfying blissful productivity and they can do it because they don 't link causation and correlation they don 't understand that these things seem the same but they 're almost never the same and it 's something we need to learn and we need to learn it really soon and vice versa you know just to give you a sense of the correlation the correlation is about (point five->5) what that means is if you met somebody and you were told oh his father is six feet tall and yet i actually think we 'd have to go back hundreds three hundred years before the enlightenment to find a time when we battled progress when we (fought->thought) about these things more vigorously on on more fronts doesn 't happen very much (*->it) doesn 't happen in this country at all but it happened (a->one) hundred and sixty thousand times in the world last year that 's a lot of death of measles twenty an hour but it is on the the verge of what you 're capable of so you have to try hard but there (is->'s) no unemployment in world of warcraft there (is->'s) no sitting around (wringing->bringing) your hands there (is->'s) always something specific and so there there are different ones but the beauty of this is a molecule of uranium has a million times as much energy as a molecule of say coal now having selected government i can now see that the wikipedia categories that most frequently correspond to that are time magazine people of the year that the king of (lydia->lidia) decided (that->*) they had to do something crazy people were suffering people were fighting it was an extreme situation they needed an extreme solution and perhaps (it's->it 's) because the life experience of survival of these people proved of value to the community up the (ante->anti) once so i offered a (*->$) ten thousand (dollar->*) prize of software to the winning team so what do you think (happened->happen) to these design students what was the result well we haven 't (uh->*) picked a particular place (uh and->but) there 's all these interesting disclosure rules about anything that 's called nuclear when i think about that i think about a vacation we had in antarctica a few years ago which was clearly the best vacation i 've ever had and i think of it relatively often and told them they were d 's and that 's what happened at the end of that three month period those who were still around in school besides the people (who->*) had dropped out and the reality of that expression reaches all of us and moves us inspires and unites us i 'm celebrated for (uh->*) the opportunities and adventures my life (has procured->have precured) so (uh->*) i immediately and because i was born without the (fibula->civil) bones (and->then) had feet turned in and a few toes in this foot and a few toes in that he had to be the bearer (this->the) stranger see also hurt useless and weak antonyms healthy strong capable where we don 't have the same relationship to progress that we used to we talk about it ambivalently we talk about it in ironic terms with little quotes around it progress the waste from our fish gets distributed we type we file we go to dinner it 's fine everybody talks about happiness these days there we are slogging through the (wetlands->wetland) he said no they do it because the food 's better (he->we) pointed at the algae thank you i ('ve got a question for you->'m going to cust your kid) that first one was (a->*) and a farm that measures its success and it 's never produced anything really good (to eat->deed) that 's a bit too radical we farm extensively (we 're->or) basically a world unto ourselves like you were taking a bite of the ocean and that night i was lying in bed and i thought and ecologically it was a disaster it 's at the tip of the (guadalquivir->guadalakavier) river great i said got off the (phone->poem) and he said there 's just too much chicken in the world of on the job experience of your feed is chicken (i->*) 'm an expert in relationships and then he 's off (it 's->is) that (acrid->accurate) tar like flavor and when it works its way through the system almost shimmering white color thank you thanks (*->and) i have young (film makers->filmmakers) it was a beautiful fish not by (pumps->palms) but by fresh water a lot of arguments against it to feed itself there (there was->is) a long pause on the line who can make a fish taste good what the hell is a sustainable protein and then i (realized->realize) when he says (we 're->where) lovers i was there not long ago with (miguel->me guil) it 's ideology it 's not science now he 's mentioning (how 's->as) that look out there pretty good like we clear cut forests flavorful textured dark urine dark how do you measure success this is an ecological network and if i 'm going to be really honest because this love story there wasn 't any (cantaloupe->canalope) (health->it 's) success by the health of its predators do they do that for the children (let->*) me (work up->workup) some blood for you so you could feel good about selling it so let me give you a little (peek->peak) (than->that right) what 's come before on the health of its predators (they 're a->there are) better chef than i 'll ever be it 's such a rich system by the success of its predators and not just for those fish (well it->*) 's about thirty percent he said no i 'm serious (instead of->*) pushing water out and i say here was a company trying to solve i fell out of love with this fish (*->but) it 's a different kind of love story it tasted sweet and clean that are experts in flavor too and so in (nineteen->one thousand nine hundred and) eighty two because they 're the ones fish farms pollute not intensively well (he mentioned->you mention) some algaes if you ('ve->'re) (well he->it) goes on to tell me how do we (keep->kee) fish on our menus nice one this second fish thinking you know two percent one billion people (and ta da->tara) i didn 't know anything about fish and here is a surprise so here finally after it 's been overcooked it 's the romantic kind he (shook his head->should have said) no he said let 's call him (don->down) too but for a lot (*->of) people and one of the most important that ('s->*) success he said he 's an amazing guy feed (grain to->grained) herbivores thank you thank you sort of yes he said she kind of set us up (terrible->credible) you know a business in liquidation okay (thank you danny kahneman->thanks to telecommun) sixty thousand and so i (i->*) really got bitten by the bug of deep ocean exploration of course the curiosity the science component of it it was everything it was adventure it was curiosity it was imagination and it was an experience i had to create these images in my head you know we all did as kids having to read a book and through the author 's description put something on (*->the) on the screen the movie screen in our heads and so my i tried to apply that same principle of leadership which is that you respect your team and you earn their respect in return and it really changed the dynamic so here i was again with a small team sure i think the most interesting (result->resolve) that we found in the (gallup survey->galaps surface) is a number which we absolutely did not expect to find we found that with respect to the happiness of the experiencing self unfortunately it 's not much better i find the the last two words under near (antonyms->anthems) particularly unsettling whole and wholesome thirty nine inches (is->of) the tallest structure i (i->*) 've seen and why is it because they understand triangles and self (re enforcing->reinforcing) geometrical patterns are the key to building self (reinforce->reinforced) stable structures this year we celebrate the (two hundreth->200th) birthday of charles darwin and it was one hundred and fifty years ago when writing about evolution (that->the) darwin illustrated i think a truth about the human character and i 'm going to make an admission this phrase never sat right with me and i always felt uneasy trying to answer people 's questions about it and i think i 'm starting to figure out why this is a gamer on the verge of an epic win and this is the face that we need to see on millions of problem solvers all over the world as we try to tackle the obstacles of the next century the face of someone on sunlight based system the way we do and so you 're seeing animals that are living next to a five hundred degree centigrade water plumes that (*->that) you think they can 't possibly exist at the same time they lie they (cheat->cheap) they get distracted and they produce really (lame->lambed) structures and of course there (are->'s) teams that have a lot more (ta da->tadest) structures and among the best are recent graduates of kindergarten the white pill is not as good as the blue pill is not as good as the capsule is not as good as the needle and none of it has any real pharmaceutical quality it 's only your belief that makes it real to paraphrase it 's not the strongest of the species that survives nor is it the most intelligent that survives it is the one that is most adaptable to change they admire their work but what really happens most of the time is that the (ta da->tab) turns into (an uh->and) oh because the weight of the marshmallow causes the entire structure to buckle and to collapse so would be my contribution to the environment here this year so here we have some (natural fireflies->entriflies) i 'm told they don 't bite in fact they might (not->*) even not even leave that jar i also agree that that is rational for now but it is not by any means an optimal situation we have to start making the real world work more like a game so i take my inspiration from something that happened this (has->is) nothing to do with science it 's law it 's morality it 's patent stuff you know science isn 't a company it 's not a country (it->*) was recently published by a researcher at carnegie mellon university the average young person today in a country with a strong gamer culture this is a bigger deal than that a kid born in new delhi today can expect to live as long as the richest man in the world did one hundred years ago they didn 't view these people as broken and useless they were seen as rare and valuable and one day he came in to my session (hum->*) exhaustive and unforgiving why do we pick them the vacations we do is a problem that confronts us (you know->*) with a choice between the two (selves->cells) imagine that for your next vacation you know that at the end of the (the->*) vacation all your pictures will be destroyed (you know->*) i was already bargaining as a five year old child with (doctor p->dr pe) to try to get out of doing these exercises unsuccessfully of course for this number to go up in the rich world perhaps the top one billion we probably could cut back and use less but every year the disaster is for that two billion and even (lomborg->lawn board) has changed his (shtick->stick) now is why isn 't the r (and->&) d (it->*) doesn 't matter it doesn 't matter because we believe anecdotes we believe what we see what we think we see what makes us feel real this eighty percent reduction that really is very important that we get there and that twenty percent will be used up by the one that chooses is the one that has you know the memory that is less bad and that 's the the surgeon that will be chosen from let 's get half of us to agree to spend an hour a day playing games until we solve real world problems now i know you 're asking the modular people that 's a different approach there 's a liquid type reactor which seems a little hard (but->that) maybe they say (that->out) about us and it 's getting worse and pretty soon kids are going to die again because it 's just a (numbers->number 's) game and they 're not just going to die of measles what about polio let 's have that and you would never have the kind of mobility that other kids have or any kind of life of independence and you 've been making (*->a) liar out of me ever since because when they think about it they 'll be reminded of how horrible the weather was in ohio lazy that you 'll keep eating because you know heart surgery (will->you 'll) be there to save you i 'm not sure that 's wise given the importance of the problem but they (played dice games->play disames) for eighteen years we 've been playing warcraft for sixteen years i say we are ready for our own epic game now and you 'll get an (amnesic->amusic) drug so that you won 't remember anything now would you choose the same vacation why what is it about them and peter likes to say that none of (this->*) none of the kids spend any time (trying->*) to be ceo of spaghetti (inc->inkk) and you know i (i->*) went (*->in) and (pitched->pitch) it to the studio as romeo and juliet on a ship it 's going to be this epic romance passionate and soul (bending->dendoning) to those of us who can even afford it so we run away from it and where do we run we leap into the arms of big placebo at the agribusiness model for the future it 's really old and it 's tired it 's high on capital chemistry and machines absolutely but we can put something like vitamin a into rice and that stuff can help millions of people millions of people prolong their lives (erudite->airodite) brilliant juilliard (trained->train) musician music is medicine this this resulted in the first soft surface character cg animation that was ever in a (in a->*) movie (it->*) 's got a feed conversion ratio of fifteen to one that means it takes fifteen pounds of wild fish to get you one pound of farm tuna finally just as they 're running out of time someone takes out the marshmallow and then they gingerly put it on top and they stand back reproductive health services we could lower that by perhaps ten or fifteen percent but there we see an increase of about one point three when a spirit has those qualities we are able to create new realities and new ways of being (now->*) that that blew my mind and you know it took a lot of preparation we had to build cameras and lights and all kinds of things but it struck me how much this the services each person ('s using->juicing) on average the energy on average for each service and the (co two->co2) being put out leadership now you think directors got to be a leader (*->a) leader of you know captain of (the->*) ship (and->*) all that sort of thing i didn 't really learn about leadership until there is a huge wave of interest in happiness among researchers there is a lot of happiness (coaching->culturing) everybody would like to make people happier medical school and hershey medical school and he called this part of the course the x factor (*->and it was) the potential of the human will (a->*) little bit of multiplication so you 've got a thing on the left (co two->co2) that you want to get to zero and that 's going to be based on the number of people and i tend to think of it like my shadow sometimes i see a lot of it sometimes there 's very little but it 's always with me a farm that has no (impurities->imperities) he made a big understatement because the water that flows through that farm comes in from the (guadalquivir->guadaulo cavier) river from the point of view of the experiencing self if you have a vacation and the second week is just as good as the first then the teachers didn 't know a switch had been made they were simply told these are the (a->as) students these are the d students and that 's how they went about teaching them they (were asked->are used) to report on their pain every sixty seconds and here are two patients those are their recordings and (you->who) are asked by not acknowledging their potency we are creating another ill on top of whatever natural struggle they might have who 's saying hmm i 'm not going to take the evidence of my experts on (the->*) mammograms or some (cancer quack->cancerquak) who wants to treat his patient this number on average is going to go up and so (over all->overall) that will more than double the services delivered per person is create a new system and so we need energy miracles now when i use the term miracle i don 't mean something that 's impossible now what you could do with patient a and we actually ran clinical experiments and it has been done and it does work you could actually extend the colonoscopy of patient a by just keeping the tube in without (jiggling->draggling) it too much that will there 's a lot of great books that have been written about this the al gore book our choice and the david (mckay->mackai) book sustainable energy without the hot air they really go through it and i think (*->can) create a framework that this can be discussed broadly because we need (broad backing->broadbacking) for this in order for us to understand each other i want to start by showing you a rudimentary very simple magic trick and i 'm going to show you how it works this is a trick that 's been in every children 's magic book since at least the (nineteen fifties->1950s) i learned it myself from cub scout magic in the (nineteen seventies->1970s) so this is really important because this is an insight that was not contained within any one wikipedia page it 's only possible to see that insight when you step back and look at all of them looking at one of these particular summaries i can then drill into the concept of i 'm (jane mcgonigal->jamed johnigel) i 'm a game designer i 've been making games online now for ten years and my goal for the next decade is to try to make it as easy to save the world in real life as it is to save the world in online games at that time and it was called digital domain and the concept of the company was that we would (leap frog->leapfrog) past the kind of analog processes of of optical printers and so on and we would go right to digital production and we actually did that and it gave us a competitive advantage for a while and so you know we started planning these (these->*) expeditions and we wound up going to the bismark and and exploring it with with robotic vehicles we went back to the titanic wreck we took little bots that we had created that (spooled a->spool to) fiber optic and i wound up getting involved with the space community really involved with with nasa sitting on the nasa advisory board planning actual space missions going to russia going (to->through) the (pre cosmonaut->precosnaut) biomedical protocols and all these sorts of things i was seeing creatures at hydrothermal vents and (and->*) sometimes things that i had (had->*) never seen before sometimes things that no one had seen before that actually were not described by science at the time that we saw them and imaged them so i was completely smitten by this the temperature will continue to rise and so that ('s->*) that 's a big challenge it 's very different than saying you know we 're a (twelve feet->12 ft) high truck trying to get under a (ten feet->10 foot) bridge and we can just sort of squeeze under this is something that has to get to zero the second trap is a confusion between experience and memory basically it 's between being happy in your life and being happy about your life or happy with your life and those are two very different concepts and they 're both lumped in the notion of happiness what it had ruined were the memory of the experience he had had the experience he had had twenty minutes of glorious music they counted for nothing because he was left with (a->the) memory the memory was ruined and the memory was all that he had gotten (to->*) keep because when he was treated it was with shock therapy and thorazine and handcuffs and that scar has stayed with him for his entire life implicit in this phrase of overcoming adversity is the idea that success or happiness the other self the remembering self you get a different story the more money you (earn->are) the more satisfied you are that does not hold for emotions i was reading this (list->lists) out loud to a friend and at first was laughing it was so ludicrous but (i->had) just gotten past mangled you stare out at a horizon that is a million miles away and all you see are flooded canals and this thick rich marshland this guy was a hero jonas (salk->sal) he took one of the worst scourges of mankind away from us no fear no agony polio puff gone but you can 't count my fingers right now (can you->kenya) so let me show them to you that 's one two three four five (yes->*) that we can make any future we can imagine and we can play any games we want so (*->if) i say let the world changing games begin thank you how have you been feeling lately or how (was->has) your trip to albania or something like that those are two very different entities the experiencing self right now in this world we think about data as being this curse we talk about the curse of information overload we talk about we invent this technology if you gave me only one wish for the next fifty years i (could->can) pick who 's president i (could->can) pick a vaccine playing bigger and better games right now we spend three billion hours a week playing online games some of you might be thinking that (was the->*) creativity had to had to find its outlet somehow and an interesting thing happened the (the->*) jacques cousteau always keeping the marshmallow on top so they have multiple times to to fix (ill built->in and build) prototypes along the way so designers recognize this type of collaboration and if you 're familiar with the work of the ancient greek historian (herodotus->hereditists) you might know this history which is the history of who invented games and why on these innovative approaches we do need the market incentives (co two tax cap and trade->co2 tacks captrate) something that gets that price signal out there they would ignore the fact that they had no food to eat and then on the next day they would play games and on the next day they would eat and according to (herodotus->hereoditists) but we found ourselves lagging in the in the mid (nineties->' 90s) in the creature and character design stuff that we had actually founded the company to do that should move us towards (this->us) but my dream here is that if you can make it economic and meet the (co two constraints->co2 constraint) then the skeptics say okay just discuss the (co two->co2) they should discuss this innovation agenda and you 'd be stunned at the ridiculously low levels of spending sound familiar right ok what (kindergarteners->kindergartners) do differently is that they start with the marshmallow and they build prototypes successive prototypes (material 's->materials) approach this looks like it would work and because you 're burning that ninety nine percent you have the issue of the safety really feeling good about nothing (could->can) go wrong that even though you have these human operators that the fuel spending time with people that we like there are other pleasures but this is dominant so if you want to maximize the happiness of the two (selves->cells) you are going to end up doing very different things is a crushed spirit a spirit that 's been crushed doesn 't have hope it doesn 't see beauty and the idea was to go in and do an interior survey of that ship which had never been done (nobody->nobod) had ever looked inside the (wreck they->rect it) didn 't have the means to do it so we created technology to do it if i can leave you with one big idea today it 's that the whole of the data in which we consume is greater (that->than) the sum of the parts and instead of thinking about information overload (at->what) that moment it (was->'s) as if a film director called for a set change and we rounded the corner and saw the most amazing (sight->site) thousands and thousands of pink flamingos we have this (banner->manner) in our offices in palo alto and it expresses our view of how we should try to relate to the future we do not want to try to predict the future what we want to do is make the future it 's a process and sometimes it works and sometimes it (doesn 't->dozens) but the idea that we should not allow science to do its job because we 're afraid ten thousand hours (at->of) effortful study at anything by the age of twenty one we will be virtuosos at it we will be as good at whatever we do as the greatest people in the world and so and i understood that this was the very essence of art this was the very reason why we made music that we take something that exists within all of us at our very fundamental core our emotions here we have a very basic service do you have lighting in your house to be able to read your homework and in fact these kids don 't so they 're going out and reading their (school work->schoolwork) under the street (lamps->labs) (see->*) all you really need is one person to show you the epiphany of your own power and you 're off if you can hand somebody the key you know it 's got lots lots of challenges ahead but it is an example of the many hundreds and hundreds of ideas that we need to move forward the bottom line of what i 've said here is that we really should not think of happiness as a substitute for well being it is a completely different notion i 'd like to share with you a discovery that i made a few months ago while writing an article for italian wired i always keep my (thesaurus->fasares) handy whenever i 'm writing anything but to actually go and fly to the international space station with our (three d->3d) camera systems and this was fascinating but what (what->*) i wound up doing was bringing space scientists with us into the deep we do not attend (the same->*) to the same things when we think about life and we actually live so if you ask the simple question of how happy people are in california we want to imagine the best case scenario outcome and then we want to empower people to make that outcome a reality we want to imagine epic (wins->winds) and then give people the means to achieve the epic win as if my successes in life have come about from an ability to sidestep or (circumnavigate the presumed pitfalls->circum navigate to presume pitballs) of a life with prosthetics or what other people perceive as my disability why do we put so much weight on memory relative to the weight that we put on experiences so i want you to think about a thought experiment seems like it might be simple but it 's not and that 's to take all the (co two->co2) after you 've burned it going out the (flue->flu) pressurize it create a liquid put it somewhere and hope it stays there you are not going to get to the correct answer when you ask that question you think people must be happier in california if if say you live in ohio (*->and) is driven by the the struggle of the human spirit through conflict into transformation so again transformation adaptation is our greatest and this is the amount of (co two->co2) put out (per->for) each unit of energy and so the question is can you actually get that to zero if you burn coal i believe that many of us become the best version of ourselves the most likely to help at a moment 's notice the most likely to stick with a problem as long (at->as) it takes to get up after failure and try again and in real life some individual services even bring it down by ninety percent there are other services like how we make fertilizer (or->*) how we do air transport where the rooms for improvement are far far less comes from the root word (educe->adduce) it means to bring forth what is within to bring out potential so again which potential do we want to bring out through different types of cars different ways of building buildings there are a lot of services where you can bring the energy for that service down quite substantially so the average for most people is around twenty inches business (schools->school) students about half of that lawyers a little better but not much better than that (kindergarteners->kindergarten 's) better than most adults who does the very best we 've never needed progress in science more than we need it right now never and we 've also never been in a position (to->that) deploy it properly in the way that we can today we 're on the verge of amazing amazing events in many fields and absolutely absolutely i do it 's stuck in the present right now but we have an amazing opportunity we can set that time machine on anything we want we can move it where we want to move it so it 's not about devaluing or negating these more trying times (*->is) as something we want to avoid or sweep under the rug but instead to find those opportunities so you 're talking about many square miles thousands of (time->times) more area than (than->*) you think of as a normal energy plant also these are (intermittent->intermitten) sources the sun doesn 't shine take those feelings from games and apply them to real world work so i looked at games like world of warcraft which is really the ideal collaborative problem solving environment and i started to notice a few things that make let 's pretend right here we have a machine a big machine a cool (ted ish->teddish) machine and it 's a time machine and everyone in this room has to get into it and you can go backwards you can go forwards you cannot stay where you are normally now i would take the needle out i would clean off my arm and i would show you that there are no wounds but i think in this context and with the idea of you have to have some way of getting (the->*) energy during those time periods that it 's not available so we 've got big cost challenges here climate skeptics if you had a (a->*) sentence or two to say to them how (how->*) might you persuade them that they 're wrong had to be the bearer of bad news he said to me i had to give this prognosis to your parents that you would never walk the climate getting worse means that many years their crops won 't grow (there will->it 'll) be too much rain not enough rain now what we 're looking at is an entire generation of young people who are virtuoso gamers so the big question is that 's a key element of making that report card so backing up from there what should the (twenty->two thousand and) twenty report card look like and that i would ruin his relationship with the violin if i started talking about scales and (arpeggios->our pegios) and other exciting forms of didactic violin (pedagogy->pentagogy) maybe we can see it as change adversity is just change that we haven 't adapted ourselves (to->too) yet is about emerging on the other side of a challenging experience unscathed or unmarked by the experience (hum it's->you know) an italian american whose name apparently was too difficult for most americans to (pronounce->pronounced) so he went by (doctor->dr) p and (doctor->dr) p we can do a lot of things right away we get a sense of what are the topical domains that are most popular (on->in) wikipedia i 'm going to go ahead and select government put it down and not have those same complexities and it just sits there and burns for the (sixty->six) years and (and->*) then it 's done that to solve a specific narrative problem on that film which was to create this kind of liquid water creature with (coffee enemas->coffeemas) when you start down the road where belief (and->in) magic replace evidence (and->in) science you end up in a place you don 't want to be the last three of the five i 've grouped together these are what people often refer to as the renewable sources and they actually so in in your mind timescale and likelihood of actually taking something like this live amazing amazing animals they (are->'re) basically aliens right here on earth they live in an environment of chemosynthesis they don 't survive on (doctor p->dr pea) 's part to get me to do the exercises i didn 't want to do before the prospect of being the richest five year old in the second floor (*->a) ward but in spite of all this flood of work there are several cognitive traps that sort of make it almost impossible to think straight about happiness this is (a->the) crucial part of (*->of) this case study was that the teachers were duped too was swooning over that overcooked piece of delicious fish i had the night before so i interrupted (him i said miguel->hit me gal) what makes your fish taste so good if it works as advertised then it 's just clear as day because the economics the energy density are so different than nuclear as we know it i mentioned that to (miguel and->migalan) he nodded he said the skin acts like a sponge (it 's->so) the last defense before anything enters the body it evolved (chicanery->chickannery) my (index->in) finger being there and then when i (close->closed) my finger same thing as i move back if people took seriously that finding i mean it seems to turn upside down everything we believe about although it 's great they don 't require fuel they have some disadvantages one is that the density was transformed into understanding a quiet curiosity and grace so much greater in the nuclear space there are other innovators (you know->*) we don 't know their work as well as we know this one but now i have a plan for this and it entails convincing more people including all of you to spend more time mobility opportunity declining rates of disease there 's never been a time like this my great grandparents and so i thought (that->*) this was an interesting idea and i incorporated it into a design workshop and it was a huge success and since then i 've there ('d->*) better be (there 'd better be->*) a nine (at->in) the beginning of my death number but it 's not even about people like us because every day that number 's rising and it 's rising really rapidly and it 's (disgraceful and->disgracefully) not only that we 've used our imagination so the next day just before the event i called (don->dawn) i said (don->dawn) what are some examples of sustainable proteins he said (he didn 't know->even no) two and a half miles down in the north atlantic looking at the real titanic through (*->a) through (*->through) a (view port->viewport) not a movie not hd for real we actually embraced computer generated animation cg and i know what people think when they see this they go well he ('s->would) certainly not dumb enough to stab himself through the skin to entertain us for a few minutes they had half the civilization go off in search of a new world so that 's where i get my twenty one billion hours a week of game play always wore really colorful bow ties and (hum->*) had the very perfect disposition to work with children verbally was so powerful because to say the thing out loud brought it into existence as the essence of the iterative process and with each version kids get instant feedback about what works and what doesn 't work i 'm just going to very briefly show you three games that i 've made that are an attempt to give people the means to create epic (wins->winds) in their own futures that that deep ocean environment and even the shallow oceans are so rich with with amazing life in our desire to protect those we care about by giving them the cold hard truth about their medical prognosis made me realize that the (the telepresense->telepresence) experience that you actually can have these robotic avatars then your consciousness it 's not about our ridiculous passion for hormones our insistence on having bigger food better food singular food (but in your->you 're) talking to different people around the world about the possibilities here where (where->*) is (there->their) most interest in actually doing something with this these sessions and he said to me wow (aimee->amy) you (are->'re) such a strong (*->and) powerful little girl i understand it i do understand it because (*->who) does anyone have measles here (has->does) one person in this audience ever see someone die of measles can go around preaching messages of fear and illiteracy from platforms like oprah and larry king live i have that sense that when we go on vacations this is very frequently the case that is that it 's one day los angeles times columnist steve lopez was walking along the streets of downtown los angeles when he heard and through our artistic lens through our creativity we ('re->are) able to shape those emotions into reality which is something i love or i could pick that this thing that 's half the cost with no (co two->co2) gets invented and so we 're in a wonderful situation with (uh->*) electricity in the rich world not by chainsaws but by forests and not by fishing boats and nets but by (fish in->fishing) the sea want to (feed->few) the world this is the greatest time there 's ever been on this planet by any measure (*->that) you wish to choose health wealth seeing if it works changing it when it doesn 't is one of the great accomplishments of humanity so that 's the good news and what the marshmallow challenge does is it helps them identify the hidden assumptions because frankly i 'd like to leave you with a poem by (a fourteenth->the 14th) century persian poet named (hafiz->office) i wrote a story about genetically engineered food same thing only bigger people were going crazy so (echinacea->a canasia) fraud (acai->a kay) i don 't even know what that is but we 're spending billions of dollars on it it 's fraud (and->then) i actually got certified in a pool (in->at) a ymca in the dead of winter in buffalo new york and (i didn 't->*) know what to do so i just did what i do i wrote a story and i moved on and soon after that (that->there) really is beyond beyond our imagination (you know->*) nature 's imagination is so the flamingos eat the shrimp the shrimp eat the phytoplankton so the pinker the belly the better the system (*->laughter) oh that guy and (but->*) of course actually it 's good for the world or because we (are->'re) supposed to but if you immerse them in an epic adventure and tell them what we need now is a radically new conception of agriculture one in which the food actually tastes good the extraordinary thing is that he said he had saved newspaper clipping throughout my whole childhood actually seemed to be mirrored in the world around me because what was happening this (is->was) in the late (sixties->60s) you end up in (thabo mbeki->tabo and becki) south africa he killed four hundred thousand of his people by insisting and treating them so i think there 's a lot that has to come together so this is a wish it 's a very concrete wish that a business that 's quickly eroding ecological capital that makes that very production possible there are questions and problems with the people we (used->use) to believe (were->we 're) always right so be skeptical which are various techniques that would delay the heating to (buy us->bias) twenty or thirty years to get our act together and here (here->*) he sees a grouping pattern that reminds him of the tanzanian giraffe tool that i 'm using here is a little experiment it 's called pivot and with pivot what i can do is i can choose to filter (in->on) one particular cause of (deaths->debt) say accidents and right away i see there 's a different pattern that emerges our earliest primate human ancestors stood up that was the first upright primate (okay->*) so when we talk about how much time we 're currently investing in playing games (*->laughter) and we got talking about music and i got an email from steve a few days later saying that nathaniel was interested in a violin lesson with me now i should mention that nathaniel refuses treatment so i 'm looking at this i see the athletes that have appeared in this issue the sports i 'm (a->the) lance armstrong fan so i 'll go ahead and (i 'll->on) click on that which reveals for me all the issues in which (lance->lands) armstrong 's been a part of to what temperature will be and where the positive feedbacks are there 's some uncertainty there but not very much and there 's certainly uncertainty about how bad those effects will be but they will be extremely bad and i played the first movement of the beethoven violin (concerto->finchero) and as i played i understood that there was a profound change occurring in nathaniel 's eyes for children in the united states ten thousand and eighty hours is the exact amount of time you will spend in school from fifth grade to high school graduation if you have perfect attendance and truthfully the only real and consistent disability i 've had to confront is the world ever thinking that i could be described by those definitions that hollywood couldn 't give me because you know i could imagine a creature and we could create a visual effect for it but i couldn 't imagine what i was seeing out that window as we did some of our subsequent expeditions (*->and) i was getting very interested in space science as well again you know it 's the science fiction influence as a kid to one thing gamers are super empowered hopeful individuals by casually doing something as (simple->symbol) as naming a person a child few years ago i was in a food market in the town where i grew up in that red zone in northeastern pennsylvania they (brood->brewed) in a town (a->one) hundred and fifty miles away where the soil conditions are better for building nests i will be seeing you several times over the next few days i hope you 're looking forward to that thank you very much crazy examples from around the world of how people tweak and adjust the system there 's world records (*->that are) on this as well so according to (herodotus->eroticists) they invented dice games and they set up a kingdom wide policy people are recognizing that they ought to be thinking of policy (*->when) of happiness when they think of public policy you 're right let 's fix it it 's true we 've got a huge food problem but this isn 't science when you know we looked at how (at how->*) feelings vary with income the second factor is the services we use this encompasses everything the food we eat than the one week vacation because there are no new memories added you have not changed the story thank you (just so i->to) understand more about about (terrapower->terror power) right and they 're going away soon (and->*) unless we innovate our way out of this mess we 're going away too and important to be done and there are also tons of collaborators everywhere you go hundreds of thousands of people some sort of effect there but if it were real he would be see there 's a hole there and a hole there if it were real he would be bleeding the most interesting policy discussion to track over the next few years thank you so much for inventing behavioral economics (we->*) 're going to be happy we do i know that we can and as far as i 'm concerned restore instead of deplete farms that farm extensively instead of just intensively and you know i (i->*) thought wow i 'm (i 'm like->*) living in a science fiction movie this is really cool and i can twist that around i 'm sorry if you 're getting queasy look away don 't look at the thing and because a very critical part of the story is how it ends she wasn 't going to vaccinate her kid against polio no way fine and some of it worked and some of it didn 't we got rid of the stuff that didn 't now we can do it in a more precise way and there are risks and through playing music and talking about music this man had transformed that linked the epidemic of autism to the measles (mumps and rubella->months in rebella) vaccine shot so i 've started to think about what these games are making us (virtuosos->virtuoses) at here are the four things i came up with so the capacity to play in prototype is is really essential but let 's look at how different teams perform the united states is one of the only countries in the world where the vaccine rate for measles is going down (and what kind->i mean) what kind of a (thing->saying) happened that we could do that now he just developed a (rotavirus->roadvirus) vaccine with a bunch of other people it ('s->'ll) save the lives of four hundred five hundred thousand getting a pretty good idea of the happiness of the experiencing self over time film secretly what i wanted to do was i wanted to dive to the real wreck of titanic and that 's why i made the movie to help build up my leg muscles and i hated these bands more than anything i hated them had names for them i hated them and now we put out a lot of carbon dioxide every year over twenty six billion tons for each american well unfortunately the skeptics come in different camps i mean the ones who make scientific arguments are very few is ongoing and and just as strong as it ever was but when i when i chose (a->*) career as an adult and i have to wonder today to what extent his vision and his declaration of me now you hope that 's just an (insurance->entrins) policy you hope you don 't need to do that some people say you shouldn 't even work on the (insurance->entrins) policy because it might make you you know (jerry bruckheimer->in chairbrachimer) movies you form a dream team you 've got the astronaut the (scientist->scientists) the (ex->x) convict and they all have something to do to save the world and drive we need to go (for more->from war) research funding when countries get together (in->at) places like (copenhagen they shouldn 't->copenhagenation) how are we going to solve real (world->*) problems in games well that 's what i have devoted my work to over the past few years at the institute for the future these dosages have something to do with it and the form has something (*->new) and if you want the ultimate in placebo you ('ve->*) go to the needle if you have ten teams that typically perform you 'll get maybe six or so that (*->i) have standing structures and i (i->*) tried something interesting i thought let 's to thoroughly trash this globe potable water arable land (rainforest->rainforests) oil gas they 're going away (right->*) and then they execute on it and then what happens is when they put the marshmallow on the top they run out of time and what happens it 's a crisis there are a number of people who (*->'d) have a lot more (uh oh->o) moments than others and among the worst are recent graduates of business school (now->by) who 's normal there 's (no->*) normal there 's common there 's typical by age say forty years or less we see that accidents are actually the greatest cause that people have to be worried about so finally the last game we 're launching (it march->at much) third this is a game done with the world bank institute if you complete the game you will be ask questions demand proof demand evidence don 't take anything for granted but here 's the thing when you get proof (and i 'm->*) telling a story that many of you know because steve 's columns became the basis for a book which was turned into a movie and i think here in the ted group we have many people who are already pursuing this biggest wiki in the world second biggest wiki in the world with nearly eighty thousand articles is the world of warcraft wiki our (bread basket->breadbasket) is threatened today not because of diminishing supply but because of diminishing resources so what we have right here is the cover of every single sports illustrated ever produced and that constraint has to do with (co two co two->co2 co2) is warming the planet it no longer has our natural childlike curiosity and our innate ability to imagine the (u->year) two (*->hundred and) thirty eight it is kind of a crazy idea in fact people had talked about it for a long time as a strong and powerful little girl shaped my own view of myself as an inherently strong powerful and athletic person well into the future if we continue to act the way we 're acting we 're guilty of something that i don 't think we want to be guilty of high tech colonialism there 's no other way to describe what 's going on here it 's selfish and we do a disservice to our kids when we make them feel that they 're not equipped to adapt everyone 's entitled to their opinion they 're even entitled to their opinion about progress but you know what you 're not entitled to you 're not entitled to your own facts sorry you 're not and this took me (awhile->a while) to figure out you 've been (over eating->overeating) and you 're about to have a heart attack (you know->*) then (then then->*) where do you go you may need heart (surgery->surge) or something there is a line of research on what 's called geoengineering samples frogs and snakes and bugs and pond water and bringing it back looking at it under the microscope (i was->*) you know i was (a->*) real science geek but it was all about trying to understand why because we don 't have polio and you know what we didn 't have polio in this country yesterday today i don 't know maybe a guy got on a (plane->plain) in (lagos->logos) this morning and he 's flying to lax right now he 's over ohio (ok->*) gamers are virtuosos at weaving a tight social fabric there (is->'s) a lot of interesting research that shows that we like people better after we play a game with them even if they ('ve->*) beaten us badly taking them down to the vents and letting them see and take samples and test instruments and so on so here we were making documentary films but actually doing science and actually doing space science i had to do what seemed like innumerable repetitions of exercises with these thick elastic bands (uh->*) different colors (you know->*) there 's now (the->that) the geoengineering discussion about should that be in the back pocket in case things happen faster or this innovation goes a lot slower than we expect doing things that don 't get us all the way to the big reductions is only equally or maybe even slightly less important than the other which is the (piece->pace) of innovation adversity and challenge in life and it 's all very real and relative to every single person but the question isn 't whether or not you 're going to meet adversity but how you 're going to meet it (is->it 's) kind of like aids (*->that) you make the mistake now and you pay for it a lot later and so when you have all sorts of urgent problems the idea of taking (pain->pay) now you know drawing a line through those (those->*) two (two->*) dots of of experience came to this (this->*) is going to be a whole new world this (was->is) a whole new world of creativity for and the reason that i can say that is because we 're now in an epidemic of fear like one (*->that) i 've never seen and hope never to see again about twelve years ago there was a story published a horrible story so that 's (a tough->the top) one next would be nuclear it also has three big problems cost particularly in highly regulated countries is high the oil shortage is fictional but we put enough online content out there for you to believe that it 's real and to live your real life as if we 've run out of oil so when you come to the game dive these deep dives was like a like a space mission you know where it was it was highly technical and (it->*) required enormous planning (*->and) you get in this capsule you go down to this dark hostile environment where there (is->'s) no hope of rescue if you can 't get back by yourself so this is a trick that i often teach to young children that are interested in magic because you can learn a great deal about deception by studying this (very->*) even though it 's a very simple trick methodologically probably many of you in the room know this trick what happens is this i hold the knife in my hand i (*->'d) probably have consumed my memories of that three week trip i would say for about twenty five minutes in the last four years now you know if (if->*) i had ever opened the folder with the six hundred pictures in it i would have spent another hour and neither (of->*) these stories is very inspiring or great but (but->*) one of them is distinct but one of them is distinctly worse than the other and the one that is worse is the one where pain was (at its peak->that it speak) at the very end so the correlation is low we know something about what controls satisfaction of the happiness self we know that money is very important goals are very important we know that happiness is mainly to do real world work that games are a powerful platform for change we have all these amazing superpowers blissful productivity the ability to weave a tight social fabric this feeling of urgent optimism and the desire for epic meaning i really hope that we can come together doesn 't get used for weapons and then what do you do with the waste (and->*) although it 's not very large there are a lot of concerns about that people need to feel good about it so three very tough problems that might be solvable and so should be worked on and the premise was a supercomputer has calculated that humans have only twenty three years left on the planet (this->the) supercomputer was called the global extinction awareness system of course (*->when) we asked people to come online almost like a jerry (bruckheimer->brockheimer) movie if you ask for the happiness of the remembering self it 's a completely different thing this is not about how happily a person lives it is about how satisfied or (pleased->please) the person is when that person thinks about her life and perhaps this shift in me has happened because i 've been exposed to more people who have (opened->open) doors for me than those who have put lids and (cast->cash) shadows on me as we start to have cyborg bodies for exploration or for other means in (in->*) many sort of post human futures that (i->*) that i can imagine as a science fiction fan so having done these these we are effectively grading someone 's worth to our community so we need to see through the pathology and into the range of human capability they are lost forever i mean most of the moments of our life (and->when) i calculated you know the psychological present is said to be about three seconds long (which->that) means that you know in in a life there are about six hundred million of them in a month there are about six hundred thousand well (it->*) again it should have the two elements we should go through these efficiency measures to start getting reductions the less we emit the less that sum will be of (co two->co2) and therefore the less the temperature but in some ways the grade we get there and this (reasonable->reason why) people can (disagree->discree) is when you have something that 's non economic and you 're trying to fund that that to me mostly is a waste unless you 're very close and you 're just funding the learning (curve->curb) and it 's going to get very cheap i believe we should try (you know->*) more we don 't make money at these damn shows you know we barely break even there (is->'s) no fame in it people sort of think i went away between titanic and avatar and was buffing my nails someplace you know sitting at the beach made all these films made all these documentary films (*->that) you know (for a->four) very and that might seem a bit surprising because my full time work at the foundation is mostly about vaccines and seeds about the things that we need to invent and deliver to help the poorest two billion live better lives and had to do more and so i actually made a kind of curious decision after the success of titanic i said okay you know i 'm going to park my day job as a hollywood (movie maker->moviemaker) and i 'm going to go be a full time explorer for a while so let 's think how should we measure ourselves what should our report card look like well let 's go out to where we really need to get and (and->*) then look at the intermediate for (twenty->two thousand and) fifty you 've heard many people talk about it 's been constantly going up it 's only various economic changes that have even flattened (it->*) at all so we have to go from rapidly rising to falling and falling all the way to zero this equation has four factors where you have to get the miracle by a certain date usually you just kind of stand by and some come along some don 't this is a case where we actually have to drive (it->at) full speed and get a miracle in a (a->*) pretty tight (time line->timeline) and we 're getting what we need from games but it doesn 't have to end there this is really exciting according to (herodotus->hereditists) after eighteen years the famine wasn 't getting better so the king decided they would play one final dice game and the third is it 's the focusing illusion and it 's the unfortunate fact that we can 't think about any circumstance that affects (well being->will be) without distorting its importance i mean this is a real cognitive trap there ('s->is) just no way of getting it right (a->*) factor of (a->one) hundred better than the approaches we have now it 's not (it 's not->*) impossible but it 's not a very easy thing now this shows up when you try to get the the (intermittent->internet and) source to be above say twenty to thirty percent who 've been (messing->missing) up the study of happiness for a long time in precisely this way the (the->*) distinction between the happiness of the experiencing self and the satisfaction of the remembering self has been recognized in recent years kids in the developing world every year pretty good right well it 's good except (that paul->they paud) goes around talking about vaccines and says how valuable they are and (that->the) people ought (to->have) just (stop->stopped) the (whining->winning) and he actually says it that way so (paul 's->pause) a terrorist i said (don->dan) no kidding (robert gupta->the good time) if this doesn 't work (six->*) sixty thousand yeah i (know->don 't) (i->*) actually am thank you (thank you->laughter) thank you so and we 've been playing warcraft since (nineteen->one thousand nine hundred and) ninety four that was the first real time strategy game from the world of warcraft series that was sixteen years ago but as a result now he is prone to these schizophrenic episodes the worst of which can manifest themselves (as->is) him exploding understand the world understand the the limits of of possibility and my you know love of of science fiction i read a study a year or so ago that really blew my mind wide open i 'm not a doctor or a researcher so this to me was an astonishing thing of what you 're using if you 're counting on it for (a->one) hundred percent you need (a->*) an incredible miracle battery clearly what is happening is money does not buy (you experiential->your experienceial) happiness but lack of money certainly buys you misery that way you can see that at no time can anything travel as long as i 'm squeezing there nothing can go up or down my sleeve and the object of this is quite simple when a small group of people form a tightly knit team because we would do these things with ten twelve people working for years at a time no prognosis can account for how powerful this could be (and a->*) as a determinant in the quality of someone 's life i 'd completely closed the loop between being the science fiction fan you know as a kid and doing this stuff for real why are we fighting it (why i mean->and we) let 's ask ourselves why are we (fighting->funning) it because we don 't want to move genes around this is about moving genes around it 's not about chemicals remembering self and the experiencing self and they 're really quite distinct the biggest difference between them is in the handling of time swimming (in an->and then) living information (info graphic->and photographic) and if we can do this for raw data why not do it for content as well i really do believe that and no (it->in) ain 't wishful thinking but here 's the thing that keeps me up at night one of the things that keeps me up at night if instead we can bolster a human spirit to keep hope to see beauty in themselves and others sometimes at sea for for (for->*) two (or->*) three months at a time and in that bond you (realize->realized) that the most important thing then you get one answer and if you think in terms of (*->of) memories you might get another answer and he was using it (and->*) integrating it into teaching (uh->*) resident students med students from (hahnemann->honeman) that leads to a temperature increase and that temperature increase leads to some very negative effects the effects on the weather and you can think (of->*) the remembering self sort of dragging the experiencing self (through->to) experiences that the experiencing self doesn 't need that 's not necessarily a bad thing it might sound like it 's a bad thing but to put that in context five point nine three million years ago was when we had eight thousand people play that game for eight weeks (they->that) came up with five hundred insanely creative solutions that you can go online if you google (superstruct and->superstructen) see on an epic adventure they would leave lydia and they would go out in search of a new place to live leaving behind just enough people how much do we consume our memories that is one of the explanations that is given for the dominance of the remembering self and but in our (game instead->games) of just having five people on the dream team we said everybody (is->'s) on the dream team and it 's your job reported a story and that was the story he said he ('d->had) been listening to (the->a) symphony (*->and) the fact that whenever i wasn 't in school i was (i was->*) out in the woods hiking and taking i had somebody count the number of books with happiness in the title published in the last five years we (we->*) go on vacations to a very large extent in the service of our remembering self well i hope that you will agree with me that gamers are a human resource that we can use and the main lesson i think that we have learned is (*->that) they (are->'re) really different but (danny->donnny) the (the->*) whole american endeavor is about you know life liberty the pursuit of happiness for now it makes perfect sense for gamers to spend more time in virtual worlds than the real world now well bill i suspect i (i->*) speak on (the behalf->bath) of most people here to say i really hope your wish comes true thank you so much there weren 't christmas trees we made it all we made it over the last eleven thousand years yet when i tasted it at that restaurant in southern spain it tasted not at all like fish skin (in terms->means) of big scale possible game changes (is->*) this (*->is) the biggest that you 're aware (of out->about) there it doesn 't have nutrients it doesn 't have protein and scientists are engineering all of that into it right now i don 't care that it doesn 't put out (co two->co2) i kind of wish it did put out (co two->co2) but i guess i 'll accept it because it 's cheaper i think the greatest adversity that we 've created for ourselves is this idea of normalcy drowning in data what if we can actually turn that upside down and turn the web upside down you mentioned to me that there was quite an interesting result came out of that (gallup->gallop) survey and i 'm going to just sterilize (it->at) a tiny bit ok now the exact amount of how you map from a (a->*) certain increase (*->in) of (co two->co2) later that day i was driving around this property with (miguel->me gallo) and i asked him i said for a place (that->it) seems so natural is an option but fear is not thank (*->you) now i 'd like to start with an example of somebody nathaniel dropped out of juilliard he suffered a complete breakdown and thirty years later he was living homeless on the streets of skid row in downtown los angeles i encourage all of you to read steve 's book or to watch the movie to understand not only the beautiful bond greatly improved cost profile you actually burn up the waste and you can actually use as fuel all the leftover waste from today 's reactors (*->and) so instead of worrying about them you just take that it 's a great thing no if you burn natural gas (no->now) almost every way we make electricity today except for the emerging renewables and nuclear puts out (co two->co2) and so (what->*) we 're going to have to do at a global scale recently scientists have suggested that (herodotus->hereodicist) 's crazy story is actually true and geologists have found evidence of a global cooling that lasted for nearly twenty years that could have explained the famine so this crazy story might be true they might have actually and i was (a->*) an artist i could (draw i could->drag) paint and and i (i->*) found that because there weren 't you know video games (and->in) this saturation of cg movies and (and->*) all of this imagery in the media landscape and he 's going to land in a couple hours he ('s going to rent->'ll run) a car and he 's going to come to long beach and he 's going to (attend->tend) one of these fabulous ted dinners tonight and he doesn 't know that he 's infected with a paralytic disease and we (don 't->know) either because that 's the way the world works that 's the planet we live on and (you know->*) the a students get the (tougher->topper) curriculum the best teachers etc well they took over a three month period d level students gave them (a 's->maize) told them they were (a 's->aze) told them they were bright and at the end of this three month period also the price of energy is very important to them in fact if you could pick just one thing to lower the price (of->up) to reduce poverty by far you would pick energy now the price of energy has come down over time we have transmission challenges for example say this energy source is outside your country you not only need the technology but you have to deal with the risk of the energy coming from elsewhere and finally this storage problem this urge i had to tell stories with my my urges to create images and i was as a kid constantly drawing comic books and so on so (film making->filmmaking) was the way to put put pictures and stories together and that made sense and of course the stories that the only way it makes sense to even think about it is to talk about time at the magnitude of human evolution which is an extraordinary thing but it 's also (apt->act) because it turns out that by spending all this time playing games we (are->'re) actually changing (twenty->thousand) five hundred years ago these are ancient dice made out of sheep ('s knuckles->snuckles) right before we had awesome game (controlers->controllers) we had sheep ('s knuckles->snuckles) and these represent the first game equipment designed by human beings you can 't explain it to people it 's that thing that that maybe cops have (or->are) people in in combat that have gone through something together and they know they can never explain it creates a bond creates a bond of respect so when i came back to make my next movie which was avatar and (doctor kean->dr king) went on to tell me that he said in my experience unless repeatedly told otherwise now if i want to just kind of take a (peek->peak) at these i might think well what about taking a look at all of cycling so i can step back and expand on that and i see greg (lemond->lamand) now there is a conflict between your two (selves->cells) and you need to think about how to (adjudicate->ducate) that conflict and it 's actually not at all obvious because if you think in terms of time of companies working on this hundreds in each of these five paths we need at least (a->one) hundred people and a lot of them you 'll look at (and->them) say they 're crazy that 's good to their own power the human spirit is so receptive if you can do that and open a door for someone at a crucial moment you are educating them in the best sense but in the previous instances of those (thesaurus->basarus) entries our language isn 't allowing us to evolve into the reality that we would all want unbelievable scale and unbelievable reliability and although there 's many directions (of->or) people seeking i really only see five that so our responsibility is not simply shielding those we care for from adversity but preparing them to meet it well now efficiency e the energy for each service here finally we have some good news we have something that 's not going up through various inventions and new ways of doing lighting now the two (selves->cells) bring up two notions of happiness there are really two concepts of happiness that we can apply one (per self->percent) (one->once) such person who opened doors for me was my childhood doctor at the (a i dupont->aid depont) institute in (wilmington->wellington) delaware his name is (doctor pizzutillo->dr petezu tillo) (and->now) i 'm flying a little robotic vehicle through the through the (corridor->quarter) of the of the ship you know when i say (you know->*) i 'm (i 'm i 'm->*) operating it but my mind is in the vehicle to play games that matter to survive on this planet for another century and that 's my hope that you will join me in making and playing games like this when i look forward to the next decade i know two things for sure and the surprise is that patient a had a much worse memory of the colonoscopy than patient b the stories of the colonoscopies were different was done without risk you have to be willing to take those risks so that 's the thought i would leave you with is that in whatever you 're doing failure the redemptive power of music brought him back into a family of musicians that understood him that recognized his talents and respected him now i thought how could i really capture this is there some kind of natural illustration some demonstration that would grab people 's imagination here and what happens is when you think about living in california you are thinking of the contrast between california and other places they (are->'re) more effective than tablets in any form a colored capsule that 's yellow on one end and red on the other is better than a white capsule dosage has something to do with this you know one pill twice a day is not as good (at->as) three pills and knows the present (is->it 's) capable of (re living->reliving) the past but basically it has only the present it 's the experiencing self that the doctor approaches you know when the doctor asks does it hurt now when i touch you here of visual effects of cg effects beyond with realistic human emotive characters generated in cg and the main characters (would->that) all be in (cg->seegi) and the world would be in (cg->seegi) and (oh->all) you ('ve->*) heard of that okay good so we have some (gamers->gavers) among (us->this) so an epic win is an outcome that is so extraordinarily positive you had no idea it was even possible until you achieved it it was almost beyond the threshold of imagination of being trapped in data we might actually extract information and instead of dealing just with information we can tease out knowledge and (if->*) we get the knowledge (then->*) maybe (even->from) there 's wisdom to be found so with that i thank you you know we were (we were->*) going to the moon we were exploring the deep oceans jacques cousteau was coming into our living rooms with his amazing specials that showed us animals and places (and a you know a->in an all) wondrous world that we could never really have this is really my flesh this is not (damian->damien) 's special grown flesh that 's my skin right there this is not a hollywood special effect i 'm going to pierce my skin and run this needle through to the other side and it turns out that below an income of sixty thousand dollars a year for americans and that 's a very large sample of americans like six hundred thousand so it 's a large representative sample below (an->*) income of six hundred thousand dollars a year and what we 're doing and then we get all this positive feedback you guys have heard of leveling up and plus one strength and plus one (*->'s) intelligence we don 't get that kind of constant feedback in real life when i get off (this->the) stage i 'm not going to have (*->you know) plus one speaking and plus one (okay->ok) there are reasons for that and i think we know what those reasons are we 've lost faith in institutions in authority and sometimes in science itself and there (there->*) 's no reason we shouldn 't have you can just say a few names and people will understand when i would have been starting primary school and forming an understanding of myself outside the family unit and as related to the other kids (and->in) the world around me and needless to say thank god i wasn 't using (a thesaurus->it the source) back then that this makes perfect sense because gamers can achieve more in (online->all my) worlds (than->and) they can in real life they can have stronger social relationships in games than they can have in real life they get better feedback and feel more rewarded in games than they do in real life so he says it 's about twenty tons (uh->*) for people in poor countries it 's less than one (ton->tonne) it 's an average (of->*) about five tons for everyone on the planet and somehow we have to make changes that will bring that down to zero gamers love to be attached to (awe->all) inspiring missions to human planetary scale stories so just one bit of trivia that helps put that into perspective so you all know wikipedia that really flipped me out (*->it) turns out though that that 's not even where it stops if you have capsules and it it just disturbed me so much but then i thought you know let 's be honest we 're at a point in this world and the and the remembering self and getting confused between them is part of the mess (of->about) the notion of happiness find out that they 're useless the data says it all the time they darken your urine they almost never do more than that that has to do with a (gain->game) later and a somewhat uncertain (pain thing->painting) in fact the ipcc report you know that don 't pretend it isn 't now we love to wrap ourselves in lies we love to do it everyone take their vitamins this morning gamers always believe that an epic (win->one) is possible and that it (is->'s) always worth trying and trying now gamers don 't sit around they divided the entire kingdom in half they played one dice game and the winners of that game got to go things that have a potential to be far less expensive if the trade off you get into is let 's make energy super (*->and) super stalled maimed wounded mangled lame mutilated to invent the future of energy the future of food the future of health the future of security and the future of the social safety net this is an example of how adults (in->and) positions of power can ignite the power of a child my pure animal magnetism will hold the knife in fact it 's held so tightly in place that i can shake it (thank thank you->*) so much now when we were on the phone a few weeks ago it 's the finite resource that we ('re->are) spending (while->where) we ('re->are) on this earth the day before the event i called the head of pr for the company (he->they) would ask around well i got on the phone with a few people in the company no one could give me a straight answer i hope i have given you a sense of how difficult it is thank you for the past fifty years we 've been fishing the seas (meaty->meeting) a best seller on the menu what a fish (no->*) not because i 'm some self righteous (goody->goodty) two shoes (foodie->foody) but now because the reflective self is in charge (it 's a->*) river that carries with it all the things that rivers tend to carry these days that 's something the world needs right now thank you that is disgraceful and we should be ashamed of ourselves it 's horrible not like me i 'm a game designer i 'm exuberant but he says he says the result of that has been disastrous disastrous because here 's a fact the most mindless epidemic we 're in the middle of right now is this absurd battle between we lose twenty percent of our fish and fish eggs to birds bone meal scraps dried and processed (into feed->and defeat) but since it didn 't happen here we can put it out of our minds and people like (jenny->jenni) mccarthy and when you get there you (are->'re) shocked to discover what you (are->'re) truly capable of that 's an epic (win->wind) we love farmers (*->') markets we love small family farms (i mean->*) first of all (what->*) can you give a sense of what (*->sort) scale of investment this is vioxx weapons of mass destruction hanging chads (no->*) not because we already produce enough calories to more than feed the world a spanish company with an environmental conscience purchased the land what did they do more than two hundred and fifty different species it 's become today the largest that 's been the motivation it 's been the justification it 's been the business plan and they gave up after about forty and there were many more it 's ugly it 's beneath us and we really have to stop it not very sustainable (*->it) doesn 't taste very good either (that feed->a fee) conversion ratio two point five to one he said best in the business it 's vanished we (*->'ve) vanquished it (puff->push) in the rich world the farm 's incredible (i mean->*) you 've never seen anything like this and interestingly enough bono is also (a->*) ted prize winner is a storyteller and that really starts with a basic farmers that are not just producers but experts in relationships (i want to->*) play something that i shamelessly stole from (cellists->shallists) so please (forgive me->for you) until finally i got on the phone with (the->a) head biologist and that is an escape from his tormented state one day the head of the company called and asked if i 'd speak (at->out) an event now that is three weeks and that is at most an hour and a half (it 's okay->ok) you want to pay twenty eight billion dollars for (*->a) dark (urine->year and) i 'm totally with you now the experiencing self lives its life you might want to say so you still want (to get in->*) this ridiculous time machine and go forward most of them do anyway and they 're inefficient take tuna a major drawback their rare and valuable abilities with the community anthropologists tell us that the one thing we as humans have always required of our community members is to be of use to be able to contribute that beetroot garlic and (lemon oil->lemonoil) were much more effective than the antiretroviral drugs we know can slow the course of aids hundreds of thousands of needless deaths in a country that has been plagued worse than any other by this disease you know i think that there is recognition of the role of happiness research in public policy the recognition is going to be slow in the united states no question about that but in the (uk->u k) it is happening and in other countries it is happening you look around you go (oh->out) that team 's going to win you can just tell beforehand and why is that because they have (specials->special) skills of facilitation they manage the process they understand the process and any team who manages and pays a close attention to to work i mean from this entry it would seem that i was born into a world that perceived someone like me to have nothing positive whatsoever going for them when in fact today the first is urgent optimism (okay->ok) think of this as extreme self motivation urgent optimism is the desire to act immediately to tackle an obstacle combined with the belief that we have a reasonable hope of success it 's a bad story how do we know that because we asked these people after their colonoscopy and much later (too->two) how bad was the whole thing in total and it was much worse for a than for b in memory is believed in enough by somebody that it becomes something real in other words sugar pills have a measurable effect in certain kinds of studies the placebo effect just because the person thinks between u s and china between poor countries and rich and most of all the lives of those two billion will be far worse so what do we have to do what am i appealing to you to step forward and at whatever that is if you don 't know it already this is coming the game industry is developing consoles that are low energy and (that work->network) with the wireless phone networks instead of broadband internet so that gamers all over the world particularly in india human skill and perhaps (you know->*) until we 're tested we don 't know what we 're made of maybe that 's what adversity gives us a sense of self a sense of our own power (it->*) 's going to take a while and it 's not going to and people are going to debate whether they want to study experience happiness or whether they want to study life evaluation so we need to have that debate fairly soon how to enhance happiness science fiction book which took my mind to other worlds and satisfied this in (in->*) a (in a->*) narrative form this insatiable sense of curiosity that i had (and and->*) who likewise if their science goes well if the funding for their pilot (pilot->*) plants goes well that they they can compete for this and it 's best if multiple succeed because then you (could->can) use a mix a mix of these things we certainly need one to succeed and certainly i 'm not trying to diminish the impact the weight of a person 's struggle there is seeing that circulatory diseases and (cancer->cancers) are the usual suspects but not for everyone if we go ahead and we filter to begin with so the thing that 's been a problem from those reactors is actually what gets fed into ours and you 're reducing the volume of the waste quite dramatically as you 're going through this process forty years i 've (i 've->*) spent about three thousand hours underwater and five hundred hours of that was in submersibles and i 've learned that (*->that) they passed eighteen years this way surviving (through a->the) famine by eating on one day and playing games on the next now this is exactly i think how we 're using games today and i wonder what you 'd choose because i 've been asking my friends this question a lot lately and they all want to go back i don 't know (*->if) they want to go back before there were automobiles or twitter or american idol what this is telling us really is that we might be thinking of ourselves and of other people in terms of two selves there is an experiencing self there 's evidence that neanderthals sixty thousand years ago carried their elderly and those with serious physical injury and you know what when i say this stuff people scream at me and they say what do you care let people do what they want to do it ('s it 's it->*) makes them feel good and you know what you 're wrong because vaccines modern medicine our ability to feed billions of people those are triumphs of the scientific method and to my mind the scientific method trying stuff out we might be putting lids and casting shadows on their power wouldn 't we want to open doors for them instead has known god not the god of names not the god of don ('ts->'t) but the god who only knows four words and how we view the world and how we view other people in fact many ancient societies including the greeks and the romans believed that to utter (a curse->occurse) and you know along the way in this journey of discovery i learned a lot i learned a lot about science but i also learned a lot about so we can give ourselves a gift we can (re imagine->reimagine) adversity as something more than just tough times (now->*) the world today has six point eight billion people that 's headed up to about nine billion now if we do a really great job on new vaccines health care with robert (downey->danie) jr acting as steve lopez and jamie (foxx->fox) as nathaniel anthony ayers the juilliard trained double (bassist->basis) whose promising career was cut short will have spent ten thousand hours playing online games by the age of twenty one now ten thousand hours is a really interesting number for two reasons first of all and it 's because of the experiences i 've had with them not in spite of the experiences i 've had with them for film artists so i (i->*) started a company with (stan->stam) winston my good friend (stan->stam) winston who (is->was) the the (the->*) premier (make up->makeup) and (and->*) creature designer and that the human ability to adapt is our greatest asset (the->a) human ability to adapt it 's an interesting thing because people it (it->*) really got them involved in the idea (of->*) you know there are people who (live with->lived) mosquitos so with energy (all->*) i (could->like it) come up with is this i decided that releasing fireflies and there 's been a shift in my thinking over time (in->and) that if you ('d->had) asked me (at->as) fifteen years old if i would have traded prosthetics for flesh and bone legs i wouldn 't have hesitated for a second and so that that (that->*) got me very excited and i thought wow this is (this is->*) something that needs to be embraced into the cinematic art so with terminator two which was my next film we took that much farther working with with ilm we created the liquid metal there 's an important difference and distinction between the objective medical fact of my being an amputee and the subjective societal opinion of whether or not (i 'm disabled->undistable) the microprocessor is a miracle the personal (computer is->computers) a miracle the internet and its services are a miracle so the people here have participated in the creation of many miracles usually we don 't have a deadline that 's a lot of time to spend playing games maybe too much time considering how many urgent problems we have to solve in the real world but actually according to my research at the institute for the future it 's actually the opposite is true so the same team went from being the very worst to being among the very best they produced the tallest structures in the least amount of time so there 's (*->a) deep lessons for us about the nature of incentives and success so what can we synthesize out of all this (you know->*) what ('s the what->*) are the lessons (learned->learn) well i think number one is curiosity it 's the most powerful thing you (own->owned) imagination in your body and makes a stronger effect i wanted to see if i could take that idea and apply it to a magic trick and take something that is obviously a fake trick and make it seem real we need to get the message out we need to have this dialogue be a more rational more understandable dialogue including the steps that the government takes this is an important wish but it is one i think we can achieve thank you i would know before i turned (a->to) corner what was going to be there before the lights of the vehicle actually revealed it because i had walked the set for months when we were making the movie see (doctor kean->dr keene) made that shift in thinking he understood that there 's a difference between the medical condition and what someone might do with it there 's (no->*) normal and would you want to meet that poor beige person if they existed i don 't think so if we can change this paradigm from one of this is the wish i would pick this is the one with the greatest impact if we don 't get this wish (the division->that a vision) between the people who think short term and long term will be terrible and it was absolutely glorious music and at the very end of the recording there was a dreadful screeching sound and then he added really quite emotionally we 've run out of oil this is an amazing story (and->in) adventure for you to go on challenge yourself to see how you would survive most of our players have kept up the habits that they learned in this game right away but not just any mission it 's a mission that is perfectly matched with your current level in the game (right->*) so you can do it they never give you a challenge that you can 't achieve every single thing we eat every grain of rice every sprig of parsley every brussel sprout has been modified by man you know there weren 't (tangerines->tangrians) in the garden of eden (would->*) how much would you know about his height well you would know something about his height but there 's a lot of uncertainty you have that much uncertainty if i tell you that somebody not by the latest combine and tractor invention but by fertile land i asked him how he became such an expert on fish he said fish every morning they fly one hundred and fifty miles into the farm because if that 's the future of good food it 's going to be delicious thank you have continually wanted to talk to me about overcoming adversity but for you and me as well because when that water leaves it dumps out into the atlantic but you know i do what i do i wrote (the->this) story i moved on i mean i 'm a journalist with a better story about his experience they did it by draining the land they built this intricate series of canals it 's a (it 's a->*) nuclear power plant that is its own waste disposal solution i 'm going to talk today about energy and climate feasting i was totally confused i said (miguel->meet yeah) aren 't they feasting on your fish until the (nineteen eighties->1980s) the farm was in the hands of the argentinians monoculture we don 't want giant fields of the same thing that 's wrong that 's not a business and it (isn 't->is) agriculture because of gross inequalities (in->and) distribution not tonnage not concentrated and then he added relative to how much i think (of->about) other vacations and and yet somehow you get the sense that they should count beautiful music and the source was a man (well->*) it seems to me (*->that) this issue (will->where) or at least should be and when you suggest these are the things that will (insure->ensure) you need to accept the proof and we 're not that good at doing that (don->done) i said what are some examples of sustainable proteins i almost never cook with it (you know->*) that curiosity also manifested itself in in pesticides to monocultures chemicals to soil chicken to fish and the remembering self is the one that keeps score i love (pink->think) flamingos but how are you going to feed the world (how are you going to feed the world->*) come up to me and say you know give me some advice for doing this they were exactly like the people in this room so not just a farm that doesn 't feed (its->it 's) animals not just a farm that measures (its->the) health and let me begin with one example SUBSTITUTIONS: count ref -> hyp 19 is -> 's 18 co -> co2 10 and -> in 9 are -> 're 8 in -> and 8 doctor -> dr 8 a -> the 7 this -> the 7 the -> a 6 a -> one 5 selves -> cells 5 're -> are 4 the -> this 4 okay -> ok 4 miguel -> migal 4 it -> at 4 could -> can 4 and -> & 3 wins -> winds 3 the -> that 3 that -> the 3 or -> are 3 of -> about 3 is -> it 3 film -> filmmaking 3 don -> dawn 3 at -> as 3 an -> and 3 a -> to 3 's -> is 3 'd -> had 2 web -> webpage 2 we -> you 2 violin -> violent 2 uh -> o 2 u -> year 2 twenty -> two 2 through -> to 2 they -> there 2 that -> than 2 terrapower -> terror 2 ten -> 10 2 stan -> stam 2 peek -> peak 2 of -> a 2 no -> now 2 nineteen -> one 2 nineteen -> 1980s 2 miguel -> migill 2 miguel -> me 2 lydia -> lidia 2 kean -> keene 2 its -> the 2 its -> it 2 it -> that 2 it -> in 2 is -> was 2 insurance -> entrins 2 in -> into 2 in -> at 2 impurities -> imperities 2 herodotus -> hereditists 2 has -> is 2 for -> from 2 echinacea -> a 2 don -> down 2 cg -> seegi 2 can -> could 2 and -> when 2 and -> then 2 and -> now 2 a -> it 2 's -> snuckles 2 's -> 'll 1 you -> your 1 you -> who 1 you -> to 1 you -> now 1 you -> kid 1 you -> and 1 you -> all 1 yes -> this 1 yes -> it 1 year -> or 1 yeah -> ye 1 writing -> running 1 wringing -> bringing 1 wreck -> rect 1 would -> that 1 worse -> worst 1 worse -> wors 1 work -> workup 1 win -> wind 1 win -> one 1 wilmington -> wellington 1 will -> you 1 will -> where 1 will -> ago 1 will -> 'll 1 why -> and 1 who -> with 1 whining -> winning 1 while -> where 1 which -> that 1 what -> mean 1 wetlands -> wetland 1 were -> where 1 were -> we 1 were -> are 1 well -> will 1 well -> what 1 well -> it 1 we -> will 1 we -> where 1 we -> or 1 we -> it 1 was -> is 1 was -> has 1 was -> almost 1 was -> 's 1 warcraft -> forecraft 1 virtuosos -> virtuoses 1 view -> viewport 1 veta -> vettel 1 used -> use 1 us -> this 1 urine -> year 1 until -> though 1 uk -> u 1 uh -> but 1 u -> us 1 two -> tacks 1 two -> constraint 1 two -> co2 1 two -> 200th 1 twenty -> thousand 1 twelve -> 12 1 treacherous -> treacher 1 trap -> traps 1 transportation -> transportations 1 trained -> train 1 tougher -> topper 1 tough -> top 1 too -> two 1 too -> to 1 ton -> tonne 1 to -> well 1 to -> too 1 to -> through 1 to -> they 1 to -> that 1 to -> have 1 to -> did 1 to -> deed 1 time -> times 1 time -> timeline 1 through -> threw 1 through -> the 1 three -> 3d 1 thousand -> 000 1 this -> us 1 this -> those 1 think -> thing 1 thing -> saying 1 they -> to 1 they -> their 1 they -> that 1 they -> it 1 thesaurus -> the 1 thesaurus -> passar 1 thesaurus -> fasares 1 thesaurus -> basarus 1 there -> was 1 there -> they 1 there -> their 1 there -> the 1 there -> it 1 there -> is 1 them -> him 1 their -> they 1 their -> there 1 the -> your 1 the -> telepresence 1 the -> navigate 1 the -> bunborg 1 the -> bath 1 the -> are 1 the -> and 1 that -> they 1 that -> there 1 that -> then 1 that -> out 1 that -> network 1 that -> it 1 that -> i 1 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filmmakers 1 fighting -> funning 1 fibula -> civil 1 feet -> ft 1 feet -> foot 1 feed -> few 1 feed -> fee 1 feed -> defeat 1 facts -> fact 1 extremely -> extremophile 1 experiential -> experienceial 1 ex -> x 1 even -> from 1 etruscans -> a 1 esolar -> east 1 esa -> as 1 erudite -> airodite 1 epic -> epigin 1 environment -> environments 1 entered -> enter 1 electro -> electrical 1 electro -> electric 1 edward -> ever 1 educe -> adduce 1 echinacea -> econnesia 1 earn -> are 1 dundee -> dund 1 dude -> do 1 draw -> drag 1 downey -> danie 1 dot -> challenged 1 don -> know 1 don -> done 1 don -> dan 1 doesn -> dozens 1 division -> a 1 disgraceful -> disgracefully 1 discussed -> disgust 1 disagree -> discree 1 diphtheria -> dipteria 1 didn -> no 1 dice -> disames 1 dembois -> was 1 deficiencies -> efficiencies 1 decrepit -> to 1 deaths -> debt 1 date -> aid 1 danny -> telecommun 1 danny -> donnny 1 damian -> damien 1 da -> a 1 d -> dp 1 curve -> curb 1 could -> wouldn 1 could -> like 1 corridor -> quarter 1 copenhagen -> copenhagenation 1 controlers -> controllers 1 consisted -> consists 1 concerto -> finchero 1 computer -> computers 1 coffee -> coffeemas 1 coaching -> culturing 1 close -> closed 1 circumnavigate -> circum 1 chicanery -> chickannery 1 chez -> shape 1 cheat -> cheap 1 ceos -> ceo 1 cellists -> shallists 1 cast -> cash 1 cantaloupe -> canalope 1 cancer -> cancers 1 cancer -> cancerquak 1 can -> kenya 1 buy -> by 1 buy -> bias 1 but -> you 1 but -> that 1 bushel -> bushle 1 burn -> are 1 built -> and 1 bruckner -> brookneer 1 bruckheimer -> chairbrachimer 1 bruckheimer -> brockheimer 1 brood -> brewed 1 broad -> broadbacking 1 breathes -> breeds 1 bread -> breadbasket 1 bing -> being 1 bhopal -> bopal 1 bending -> dendoning 1 being -> be 1 beethoven -> beethovens 1 be -> beating 1 bassist -> basis 1 bass -> mass 1 bass -> bas 1 bartok -> barktuk 1 banner -> manner 1 back -> vaccine 1 b -> bees 1 b -> be 1 azeroth -> asaroth 1 ayers -> eyes 1 awhile -> a 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42 41 really 67 3 68 69 realize 1 3 3 2 re 0 3 3 0 pretty 10 3 13 10 power 15 3 15 18 peak 1 3 2 3 our 78 3 79 80 not 142 3 145 142 making 13 3 16 13 let 33 3 36 33 laughter 0 3 0 3 kind 28 3 31 28 kean 0 3 3 0 into 52 3 53 54 hundred 31 3 31 34 his 30 3 33 30 filmmaking 0 3 0 3 echinacea 0 3 3 0 down 24 3 24 27 dawn 0 3 0 3 d 7 3 9 8 any 23 3 25 24 ' 0 3 0 3 yeah 5 2 6 6 worse 10 2 12 10 with 153 2 154 154 why 38 2 39 39 while 6 2 7 7 webpage 0 2 0 2 web 6 2 8 6 violin 6 2 8 6 violent 0 2 0 2 used 7 2 8 8 those 39 2 40 40 think 80 2 81 81 ten 13 2 15 13 stan 0 2 2 0 stam 0 2 0 2 something 58 2 59 59 some 55 2 56 56 snuckles 0 2 0 2 sixties 0 2 2 0 seegi 0 2 0 2 see 47 2 48 48 school 13 2 14 14 s 2 2 4 2 run 8 2 8 10 realized 2 2 3 3 piece 5 2 7 5 per 2 2 4 2 peek 0 2 2 0 paul 3 2 5 3 pain 4 2 6 4 page 4 2 6 4 p 2 2 4 2 off 12 2 14 12 o 0 2 0 2 nineties 0 2 2 0 nine 9 2 9 11 movie 11 2 12 12 migill 0 2 0 2 meet 7 2 8 8 made 23 2 24 24 lydia 1 2 3 1 lomborg 0 2 2 0 line 6 2 7 7 lidia 0 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