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---
language:
- eng
license: wtfpl
tags:
- multilabel-image-classification
- multilabel
- generated_from_trainer
base_model: facebook/dinov2-base
model-index:
- name: dinov2-base-2024_09_09-batch-size32_epochs150_freeze
  results: []
---

DinoVd'eau is a fine-tuned version of [facebook/dinov2-base](https://huggingface.co/facebook/dinov2-base). It achieves the following results on the test set:

- Loss: 0.1321
- F1 Micro: 0.8069
- F1 Macro: 0.7121
- Roc Auc: 0.8742
- Accuracy: 0.2869

---

# Model description
DinoVd'eau is a model built on top of dinov2 model for underwater multilabel image classification.The classification head is a combination of linear, ReLU, batch normalization, and dropout layers.

The source code for training the model can be found in this [Git repository](https://github.com/SeatizenDOI/DinoVdeau).

- **Developed by:** [lombardata](https://huggingface.co/lombardata), credits to [César Leblanc](https://huggingface.co/CesarLeblanc) and [Victor Illien](https://huggingface.co/groderg)

---

# Intended uses & limitations
You can use the raw model for classify diverse marine species, encompassing coral morphotypes classes taken from the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (GCRMN), habitats classes and seagrass species.

---

# Training and evaluation data
Details on the number of images for each class are given in the following table:
| Class                    |   train |   val |   test |   Total |
|:-------------------------|--------:|------:|-------:|--------:|
| Acropore_branched        |    1469 |   464 |    475 |    2408 |
| Acropore_digitised       |     568 |   160 |    160 |     888 |
| Acropore_sub_massive     |     150 |    50 |     43 |     243 |
| Acropore_tabular         |     999 |   297 |    293 |    1589 |
| Algae_assembly           |    2546 |   847 |    845 |    4238 |
| Algae_drawn_up           |     367 |   126 |    127 |     620 |
| Algae_limestone          |    1652 |   557 |    563 |    2772 |
| Algae_sodding            |    3148 |   984 |    985 |    5117 |
| Atra/Leucospilota        |    1084 |   348 |    360 |    1792 |
| Bleached_coral           |     219 |    71 |     70 |     360 |
| Blurred                  |     191 |    67 |     62 |     320 |
| Dead_coral               |    1979 |   642 |    643 |    3264 |
| Fish                     |    2018 |   656 |    647 |    3321 |
| Homo_sapiens             |     161 |    62 |     59 |     282 |
| Human_object             |     157 |    58 |     55 |     270 |
| Living_coral             |     406 |   154 |    141 |     701 |
| Millepore                |     385 |   127 |    125 |     637 |
| No_acropore_encrusting   |     441 |   130 |    154 |     725 |
| No_acropore_foliaceous   |     204 |    36 |     46 |     286 |
| No_acropore_massive      |    1031 |   336 |    338 |    1705 |
| No_acropore_solitary     |     202 |    53 |     48 |     303 |
| No_acropore_sub_massive  |    1401 |   433 |    422 |    2256 |
| Rock                     |    4489 |  1495 |   1473 |    7457 |
| Rubble                   |    3092 |  1030 |   1001 |    5123 |
| Sand                     |    5842 |  1939 |   1938 |    9719 |
| Sea_cucumber             |    1408 |   439 |    447 |    2294 |
| Sea_urchins              |     327 |   107 |    111 |     545 |
| Sponge                   |     269 |    96 |    105 |     470 |
| Syringodium_isoetifolium |    1212 |   392 |    391 |    1995 |
| Thalassodendron_ciliatum |     782 |   261 |    260 |    1303 |
| Useless                  |     579 |   193 |    193 |     965 |

---

# Training procedure

## Training hyperparameters

The following hyperparameters were used during training:

- **Number of Epochs**: 150
- **Learning Rate**: 0.001
- **Train Batch Size**: 32
- **Eval Batch Size**: 32
- **Optimizer**: Adam
- **LR Scheduler Type**: ReduceLROnPlateau with a patience of 5 epochs and a factor of 0.1
- **Freeze Encoder**: Yes
- **Data Augmentation**: Yes


## Data Augmentation
Data were augmented using the following transformations :

Train Transforms
- **PreProcess**: No additional parameters
- **Resize**: probability=1.00
- **RandomHorizontalFlip**: probability=0.25
- **RandomVerticalFlip**: probability=0.25
- **ColorJiggle**: probability=0.25
- **RandomPerspective**: probability=0.25
- **Normalize**: probability=1.00

Val Transforms
- **PreProcess**: No additional parameters
- **Resize**: probability=1.00
- **Normalize**: probability=1.00



## Training results
Epoch | Validation Loss | Accuracy | F1 Macro | F1 Micro | Learning Rate
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
1 | 0.16006726026535034 | 0.23284823284823286 | 0.7633800438966739 | 0.6250897780499145 | 0.001
2 | 0.150440976023674 | 0.24982674982674982 | 0.7780064686856808 | 0.646165211379598 | 0.001
3 | 0.14829224348068237 | 0.2564102564102564 | 0.7816936696175046 | 0.6644318154557648 | 0.001
4 | 0.14641565084457397 | 0.2553707553707554 | 0.7862639635912287 | 0.680888104485521 | 0.001
5 | 0.14226503670215607 | 0.2681912681912682 | 0.7891243298442687 | 0.6919100708566497 | 0.001
6 | 0.1439608633518219 | 0.26507276507276506 | 0.7901946045268521 | 0.6987715680115144 | 0.001
7 | 0.1425073742866516 | 0.2681912681912682 | 0.7937821236053655 | 0.6849790066180481 | 0.001
8 | 0.14294348657131195 | 0.2636867636867637 | 0.793083667950504 | 0.6880365824342907 | 0.001
9 | 0.14630228281021118 | 0.25571725571725573 | 0.7926595005517636 | 0.6884565577441364 | 0.001
10 | 0.13922064006328583 | 0.27442827442827444 | 0.8009224940284985 | 0.7049759390767861 | 0.001
11 | 0.14429208636283875 | 0.26992376992376993 | 0.785345272946444 | 0.6892328865834217 | 0.001
12 | 0.14520499110221863 | 0.2713097713097713 | 0.7888341543513957 | 0.6976448599197044 | 0.001
13 | 0.13695523142814636 | 0.2765072765072765 | 0.8007200870802982 | 0.7032121010324246 | 0.001
14 | 0.14012356102466583 | 0.273042273042273 | 0.7983576642335767 | 0.6875097222118577 | 0.001
15 | 0.13785772025585175 | 0.2817047817047817 | 0.8048810652595126 | 0.7001361694791496 | 0.001
16 | 0.1429404616355896 | 0.2681912681912682 | 0.7968854097268487 | 0.7063273106998997 | 0.001
17 | 0.1451471894979477 | 0.26126126126126126 | 0.7956287718153646 | 0.6860743816280108 | 0.001
18 | 0.141770601272583 | 0.2713097713097713 | 0.7906203368151778 | 0.6849355289660601 | 0.001
19 | 0.14384245872497559 | 0.2654192654192654 | 0.7899699957136733 | 0.6794374521554336 | 0.001
20 | 0.13193023204803467 | 0.28655578655578656 | 0.8068363147728227 | 0.7201978132992005 | 0.0001
21 | 0.13121400773525238 | 0.2875952875952876 | 0.8080536912751679 | 0.7236910659256566 | 0.0001
22 | 0.1310088187456131 | 0.2934857934857935 | 0.810120343368793 | 0.7222147145142929 | 0.0001
23 | 0.1304517388343811 | 0.2934857934857935 | 0.8120394137616957 | 0.7226400439644629 | 0.0001
24 | 0.13093852996826172 | 0.29521829521829523 | 0.8096162584162916 | 0.7237916982943077 | 0.0001
25 | 0.13081994652748108 | 0.2948717948717949 | 0.8093388464269307 | 0.7170657451815683 | 0.0001
26 | 0.13007444143295288 | 0.2910602910602911 | 0.8099862459884133 | 0.7200172245050901 | 0.0001
27 | 0.13034380972385406 | 0.29244629244629244 | 0.8082065853250877 | 0.7207907434740295 | 0.0001
28 | 0.13018907606601715 | 0.29695079695079696 | 0.810349848163401 | 0.7217805682073449 | 0.0001
29 | 0.13019531965255737 | 0.29625779625779625 | 0.8104190823256585 | 0.723719101965087 | 0.0001
30 | 0.13030356168746948 | 0.2955647955647956 | 0.8096606287736832 | 0.718144679800513 | 0.0001
31 | 0.1301266849040985 | 0.2959112959112959 | 0.8092418049879057 | 0.7189603352791966 | 0.0001
32 | 0.1301257312297821 | 0.2927927927927928 | 0.8097980303789017 | 0.7210148516296496 | 0.0001
33 | 0.12959885597229004 | 0.29625779625779625 | 0.8099594769603543 | 0.7204264964359948 | 1e-05
34 | 0.12959957122802734 | 0.2955647955647956 | 0.8100854344655136 | 0.722168676552786 | 1e-05
35 | 0.12954092025756836 | 0.2955647955647956 | 0.8108894430590192 | 0.7220033007887567 | 1e-05
36 | 0.12953610718250275 | 0.29313929313929316 | 0.8104569713142095 | 0.7211650841899886 | 1e-05
37 | 0.1295497566461563 | 0.29625779625779625 | 0.8118778893007372 | 0.7239071903959954 | 1e-05
38 | 0.12949061393737793 | 0.2959112959112959 | 0.8104318798247445 | 0.7212977755433345 | 1e-05
39 | 0.12945865094661713 | 0.2966042966042966 | 0.8106218263547823 | 0.7221707642640621 | 1e-05
40 | 0.12946291267871857 | 0.2955647955647956 | 0.8113418729013804 | 0.7232749192333074 | 1e-05
41 | 0.1294611394405365 | 0.2945252945252945 | 0.8100071001962995 | 0.722313917509489 | 1e-05
42 | 0.12951640784740448 | 0.2972972972972973 | 0.8111398315684148 | 0.7219276596712088 | 1e-05
43 | 0.12940654158592224 | 0.29313929313929316 | 0.8097862391449566 | 0.7212066160587719 | 1e-05
44 | 0.12948854267597198 | 0.29695079695079696 | 0.8108311081441923 | 0.7211905265653523 | 1e-05
45 | 0.12943118810653687 | 0.2945252945252945 | 0.8103943697164036 | 0.7217673828508766 | 1e-05
46 | 0.12941767275333405 | 0.29764379764379767 | 0.8113435070065285 | 0.7232663108413819 | 1e-05
47 | 0.12936843931674957 | 0.2945252945252945 | 0.8107185952648442 | 0.7229077354567445 | 1e-05
48 | 0.12944123148918152 | 0.2955647955647956 | 0.8102512730611904 | 0.7208766406208041 | 1e-05
49 | 0.12932655215263367 | 0.2959112959112959 | 0.8111032502392942 | 0.7215165769975259 | 1e-05
50 | 0.1294257938861847 | 0.2966042966042966 | 0.8106959890041235 | 0.7210862927892402 | 1e-05
51 | 0.12937645614147186 | 0.29244629244629244 | 0.8098573930447837 | 0.7224236625273444 | 1e-05
52 | 0.12941104173660278 | 0.2972972972972973 | 0.8110019973368842 | 0.7223932851056244 | 1e-05
53 | 0.12947481870651245 | 0.29799029799029797 | 0.8110783049860689 | 0.7225026360610024 | 1e-05
54 | 0.12942463159561157 | 0.29625779625779625 | 0.8104531646623112 | 0.7221711249170111 | 1e-05
55 | 0.12934881448745728 | 0.2955647955647956 | 0.8107163657542226 | 0.7231230527181782 | 1e-05
56 | 0.12935101985931396 | 0.2959112959112959 | 0.810738813735692 | 0.7226955143721722 | 1.0000000000000002e-06
57 | 0.12934598326683044 | 0.2955647955647956 | 0.8110560712650376 | 0.7230703100391168 | 1.0000000000000002e-06
58 | 0.1293543428182602 | 0.2966042966042966 | 0.8112406328059951 | 0.7230017316798248 | 1.0000000000000002e-06
59 | 0.12936049699783325 | 0.2966042966042966 | 0.8110088687179914 | 0.7227156089091311 | 1.0000000000000002e-06


---

# CO2 Emissions

The estimated CO2 emissions for training this model are documented below:

- **Emissions**: 0.7291228651023076 grams of CO2
- **Source**: Code Carbon
- **Training Type**: fine-tuning
- **Geographical Location**: Brest, France
- **Hardware Used**: NVIDIA Tesla V100 PCIe 32 Go


---

# Framework Versions

- **Transformers**: 4.41.1
- **Pytorch**: 2.3.0+cu121
- **Datasets**: 2.19.1
- **Tokenizers**: 0.19.1