metadata

license: cc-by-4.0
metrics:
  - bleu4
  - meteor
  - rouge-l
  - bertscore
  - moverscore
language: it
datasets:
  - lmqg/qg_itquad
pipeline_tag: text2text-generation
tags:
  - question generation
widget:
  - text: >-
      <hl> Dopo il 1971 <hl> , l' OPEC ha tardato ad adeguare i prezzi per
      riflettere tale deprezzamento.
    example_title: Question Generation Example 1
  - text: >-
      L' individuazione del petrolio e lo sviluppo di nuovi giacimenti
      richiedeva in genere <hl> da cinque a dieci anni <hl> prima di una
      produzione significativa.
    example_title: Question Generation Example 2
  - text: il <hl> Giappone <hl> è stato il paese più dipendente dal petrolio arabo.
    example_title: Question Generation Example 3
model-index:
  - name: lmqg/mt5-small-itquad-qg
    results:
      - task:
          name: Text2text Generation
          type: text2text-generation
        dataset:
          name: lmqg/qg_itquad
          type: default
          args: default
        metrics:
          - name: BLEU4 (Question Generation)
            type: bleu4_question_generation
            value: 7.37
          - name: ROUGE-L (Question Generation)
            type: rouge_l_question_generation
            value: 21.93
          - name: METEOR (Question Generation)
            type: meteor_question_generation
            value: 17.57
          - name: BERTScore (Question Generation)
            type: bertscore_question_generation
            value: 80.8
          - name: MoverScore (Question Generation)
            type: moverscore_question_generation
            value: 56.79
          - name: BLEU4 (Question & Answer Generation)
            type: bleu4_question_answer_generation
            value: 15.44
          - name: ROUGE-L (Question & Answer Generation)
            type: rouge_l_question_answer_generation
            value: 40.08
          - name: METEOR (Question & Answer Generation)
            type: meteor_question_answer_generation
            value: 34.31
          - name: BERTScore (Question & Answer Generation)
            type: bertscore_question_answer_generation
            value: 86.62
          - name: MoverScore (Question & Answer Generation)
            type: moverscore_question_answer_generation
            value: 60.68
          - name: >-
              QAAlignedF1Score-BERTScore (Question & Answer Generation) [Gold
              Answer]
            type: >-
              qa_aligned_f1_score_bertscore_question_answer_generation_gold_answer
            value: 87.66
          - name: >-
              QAAlignedRecall-BERTScore (Question & Answer Generation) [Gold
              Answer]
            type: qa_aligned_recall_bertscore_question_answer_generation_gold_answer
            value: 87.57
          - name: >-
              QAAlignedPrecision-BERTScore (Question & Answer Generation) [Gold
              Answer]
            type: >-
              qa_aligned_precision_bertscore_question_answer_generation_gold_answer
            value: 87.76
          - name: >-
              QAAlignedF1Score-MoverScore (Question & Answer Generation) [Gold
              Answer]
            type: >-
              qa_aligned_f1_score_moverscore_question_answer_generation_gold_answer
            value: 61.6
          - name: >-
              QAAlignedRecall-MoverScore (Question & Answer Generation) [Gold
              Answer]
            type: >-
              qa_aligned_recall_moverscore_question_answer_generation_gold_answer
            value: 61.48
          - name: >-
              QAAlignedPrecision-MoverScore (Question & Answer Generation) [Gold
              Answer]
            type: >-
              qa_aligned_precision_moverscore_question_answer_generation_gold_answer
            value: 61.73

Model Card of `lmqg/mt5-small-itquad-qg`

This model is fine-tuned version of google/mt5-small for question generation task on the lmqg/qg_itquad (dataset_name: default) via lmqg.

Overview

Language model: google/mt5-small
Language: it
Training data: lmqg/qg_itquad (default)
Online Demo: https://autoqg.net/
Repository: https://github.com/asahi417/lm-question-generation
Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.03992

Usage

With lmqg

from lmqg import TransformersQG

# initialize model
model = TransformersQG(language="it", model="lmqg/mt5-small-itquad-qg")

# model prediction
questions = model.generate_q(list_context="Dopo il 1971 , l' OPEC ha tardato ad adeguare i prezzi per riflettere tale deprezzamento.", list_answer="Dopo il 1971")

With transformers

from transformers import pipeline

pipe = pipeline("text2text-generation", "lmqg/mt5-small-itquad-qg")
output = pipe("<hl> Dopo il 1971 <hl> , l' OPEC ha tardato ad adeguare i prezzi per riflettere tale deprezzamento.")

Evaluation

Metric (Question Generation): raw metric file

	Score	Type	Dataset
BERTScore	80.8	default	lmqg/qg_itquad
Bleu_1	22.78	default	lmqg/qg_itquad
Bleu_2	14.93	default	lmqg/qg_itquad
Bleu_3	10.34	default	lmqg/qg_itquad
Bleu_4	7.37	default	lmqg/qg_itquad
METEOR	17.57	default	lmqg/qg_itquad
MoverScore	56.79	default	lmqg/qg_itquad
ROUGE_L	21.93	default	lmqg/qg_itquad

Metric (Question & Answer Generation): QAG metrics are computed with the gold answer and generated question on it for this model, as the model cannot provide an answer. raw metric file

	Score	Type	Dataset
BERTScore	86.62	default	lmqg/qg_itquad
Bleu_1	40.5	default	lmqg/qg_itquad
Bleu_2	28.64	default	lmqg/qg_itquad
Bleu_3	20.78	default	lmqg/qg_itquad
Bleu_4	15.44	default	lmqg/qg_itquad
METEOR	34.31	default	lmqg/qg_itquad
MoverScore	60.68	default	lmqg/qg_itquad
QAAlignedF1Score (BERTScore)	87.66	default	lmqg/qg_itquad
QAAlignedF1Score (MoverScore)	61.6	default	lmqg/qg_itquad
QAAlignedPrecision (BERTScore)	87.76	default	lmqg/qg_itquad
QAAlignedPrecision (MoverScore)	61.73	default	lmqg/qg_itquad
QAAlignedRecall (BERTScore)	87.57	default	lmqg/qg_itquad
QAAlignedRecall (MoverScore)	61.48	default	lmqg/qg_itquad
ROUGE_L	40.08	default	lmqg/qg_itquad

Training hyperparameters

The following hyperparameters were used during fine-tuning:

dataset_path: lmqg/qg_itquad
dataset_name: default
input_types: ['paragraph_answer']
output_types: ['question']
prefix_types: None
model: google/mt5-small
max_length: 512
max_length_output: 32
epoch: 15
batch: 16
lr: 0.0005
fp16: False
random_seed: 1
gradient_accumulation_steps: 4
label_smoothing: 0.0

The full configuration can be found at fine-tuning config file.

Citation

@inproceedings{ushio-etal-2022-generative,
    title = "{G}enerative {L}anguage {M}odels for {P}aragraph-{L}evel {Q}uestion {G}eneration",
    author = "Ushio, Asahi  and
        Alva-Manchego, Fernando  and
        Camacho-Collados, Jose",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = dec,
    year = "2022",
    address = "Abu Dhabi, U.A.E.",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
}