First draft of model card
Browse files
README.md
ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
+
---
|
2 |
+
license: apache-2.0
|
3 |
+
datasets:
|
4 |
+
- cifar10
|
5 |
+
- cifar100
|
6 |
+
- imagenet
|
7 |
+
- imagenet-21k
|
8 |
+
- oxford-iiit-pets
|
9 |
+
- oxford-flowers-102
|
10 |
+
- vtab
|
11 |
+
---
|
12 |
+
|
13 |
+
# Vision Transformer base model
|
14 |
+
|
15 |
+
Vision Transformer (ViT) model pre-trained on ImageNet-21k (14 million images, 21,843 classes) at resolution 224x224, and fine-tuned on ImageNet 2012 (1 million images, 1,000 classes) at resolution 384x384. It was introduced in the paper [An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale](https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.11929) by Dosovitskiy et al. and first released in [this repository](https://github.com/google-research/vision_transformer). However, the weights were converted from the [timm repository](https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models) by Ross Wightman, who already converted the weights from JAX to PyTorch. Credits go to him.
|
16 |
+
|
17 |
+
Disclaimer: The team releasing ViT did not write a model card for this model so this model card has been written by the Hugging Face team.
|
18 |
+
|
19 |
+
## Model description
|
20 |
+
|
21 |
+
The Vision Transformer (ViT) is a transformer encoder model (BERT-like) pretrained on a large collection of images in a supervised fashion, namely ImageNet-21k, at a resolution of 224x224 pixels. Next, the model was fine-tuned on ImageNet (also referred to as ILSVRC2012), a dataset comprising 1 million images and 1,000 classes, at a higher resolution of 384x384.
|
22 |
+
|
23 |
+
Images are presented to the model as a sequence of fixed-size patches (resolution 32x32), which are linearly embedded. One also adds a [CLS] token to the beginning of a sequence to use it for classification tasks. One also adds absolute position embeddings before feeding the sequence to the layers of the Transformer encoder.
|
24 |
+
|
25 |
+
By pre-training the model, it learns an inner representation of images that can then be used to extract features useful for downstream tasks: if you have a dataset of labeled images for instance, you can train a standard classifier by placing a linear layer on top of the pre-trained encoder. One typically places a linear layer on top of the [CLS] token, as the last hidden state of this token can be seen as a representation of an entire image.
|
26 |
+
|
27 |
+
## Intended uses & limitations
|
28 |
+
|
29 |
+
You can use the raw model for image classification. See the [model hub](https://huggingface.co/models?search=google/vit) to look for
|
30 |
+
fine-tuned versions on a task that interests you.
|
31 |
+
|
32 |
+
### How to use
|
33 |
+
|
34 |
+
Here is how to use this model to classify an image of the COCO 2017 dataset into one of the 1,000 ImageNet classes:
|
35 |
+
|
36 |
+
```python
|
37 |
+
from transformers import ViTFeatureExtractor, ViTForImageClassification
|
38 |
+
from PIL import Image
|
39 |
+
import requests
|
40 |
+
url = 'http://images.cocodataset.org/val2017/000000039769.jpg'
|
41 |
+
image = Image.open(requests.get(url, stream=True).raw)
|
42 |
+
feature_extractor = ViTFeatureExtractor.from_pretrained('google/vit-base-patch32-384')
|
43 |
+
model = ViTForImageClassification.from_pretrained('google/vit-base-patch32-384')
|
44 |
+
inputs = feature_extractor(images=image)
|
45 |
+
outputs = model(**inputs)
|
46 |
+
logits = outputs.logits
|
47 |
+
# model predicts one of the 1000 ImageNet classes
|
48 |
+
predicted_class = logits.argmax(-1).item()
|
49 |
+
```
|
50 |
+
|
51 |
+
Currently, both the feature extractor and model support PyTorch. Tensorflow and JAX/FLAX are coming soon, and the API of ViTFeatureExtractor might change.
|
52 |
+
|
53 |
+
## Training data
|
54 |
+
|
55 |
+
The ViT model was pretrained on [ImageNet-21k](http://www.image-net.org/), a dataset consisting of 14 million images and 21k classes, and fine-tuned on [ImageNet](http://www.image-net.org/challenges/LSVRC/2012/), a dataset consisting of 1 million images and 1k classes.
|
56 |
+
|
57 |
+
## Training procedure
|
58 |
+
|
59 |
+
### Preprocessing
|
60 |
+
|
61 |
+
The exact details of preprocessing of images during training/validation can be found [here](https://github.com/google-research/vision_transformer/blob/master/vit_jax/input_pipeline.py).
|
62 |
+
|
63 |
+
Images are resized/rescaled to the same resolution (224x224 during pre-training, 384x384 during fine-tuning) and normalized across the RGB channels with mean (0.5, 0.5, 0.5) and standard deviation (0.5, 0.5, 0.5).
|
64 |
+
|
65 |
+
### Pretraining
|
66 |
+
|
67 |
+
The model was trained on TPUv3 hardware (8 cores). All model variants are trained with a batch size of 4096 and learning rate warmup of 10k steps. For ImageNet, the authors found it beneficial to additionally apply gradient clipping at global norm 1. Pre-training resolution is 224.
|
68 |
+
|
69 |
+
## Evaluation results
|
70 |
+
|
71 |
+
For evaluation results on several image classification benchmarks, we refer to tables 2 and 5 of the original paper. Note that for fine-tuning, the best results are obtained with a higher resolution (384x384). Of course, increasing the model size will result in better performance.
|
72 |
+
|
73 |
+
### BibTeX entry and citation info
|
74 |
+
|
75 |
+
```bibtex
|
76 |
+
@misc{wu2020visual,
|
77 |
+
title={Visual Transformers: Token-based Image Representation and Processing for Computer Vision},
|
78 |
+
author={Bichen Wu and Chenfeng Xu and Xiaoliang Dai and Alvin Wan and Peizhao Zhang and Zhicheng Yan and Masayoshi Tomizuka and Joseph Gonzalez and Kurt Keutzer and Peter Vajda},
|
79 |
+
year={2020},
|
80 |
+
eprint={2006.03677},
|
81 |
+
archivePrefix={arXiv},
|
82 |
+
primaryClass={cs.CV}
|
83 |
+
}
|
84 |
+
```
|
85 |
+
|
86 |
+
```bibtex
|
87 |
+
@inproceedings{deng2009imagenet,
|
88 |
+
title={Imagenet: A large-scale hierarchical image database},
|
89 |
+
author={Deng, Jia and Dong, Wei and Socher, Richard and Li, Li-Jia and Li, Kai and Fei-Fei, Li},
|
90 |
+
booktitle={2009 IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition},
|
91 |
+
pages={248--255},
|
92 |
+
year={2009},
|
93 |
+
organization={Ieee}
|
94 |
+
}
|
95 |
+
```
|