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--- |
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license: apache-2.0 |
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language: |
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- kur |
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datasets: |
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- allenai/MADLAD-400 |
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- cis-lmu/Glot500 |
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- sil-ai/bloom-lm |
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- oscar-corpus/OSCAR-2109 |
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- allenai/nllb |
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library_name: transformers |
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pipeline_tag: text-generation |
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tags: |
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- goldfish |
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- arxiv:2408.10441 |
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--- |
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# kur_latn_full |
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Goldfish is a suite of monolingual language models trained for 350 languages. |
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This model is the <b>Kurdish</b> (Latin script) model trained on 685MB of data (all our data in the language), after accounting for an estimated byte premium of 1.29; content-matched text in Kurdish takes on average 1.29x as many UTF-8 bytes to encode as English. |
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The Goldfish models are trained primarily for comparability across languages and for low-resource languages; Goldfish performance for high-resource languages is not designed to be comparable with modern large language models (LLMs). |
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Note: This language is available in Goldfish with other scripts (writing systems). See: kur_arab. |
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Note: kur_latn is a [macrolanguage](https://iso639-3.sil.org/code_tables/639/data) code. Individual language code kmr_latn (Northern Kurdish) is included in Goldfish, although with less data. |
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All training and hyperparameter details are in our paper, [Goldfish: Monolingual Language Models for 350 Languages (Chang et al., 2024)](https://www.arxiv.org/abs/2408.10441). |
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Training code and sample usage: https://github.com/tylerachang/goldfish |
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Sample usage also in this Google Colab: [link](https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1rHFpnQsyXJ32ONwCosWZ7frjOYjbGCXG?usp=sharing) |
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## Model details: |
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To access all Goldfish model details programmatically, see https://github.com/tylerachang/goldfish/blob/main/model_details.json. |
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All models are trained with a [CLS] (same as [BOS]) token prepended, and a [SEP] (same as [EOS]) token separating sequences. |
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For best results, make sure that [CLS] is prepended to your input sequence (see sample usage linked above)! |
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Details for this model specifically: |
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* Architecture: gpt2 |
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* Parameters: 124770816 |
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* Maximum sequence length: 512 tokens |
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* Training text data (raw): 883.19MB |
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* Training text data (byte premium scaled): 685.535MB |
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* Training tokens: 189872128 (x10 epochs) |
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* Vocabulary size: 50000 |
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* Compute cost: 9.6897014562816e+17 FLOPs or ~91.6 NVIDIA A6000 GPU hours |
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Training datasets (percentages prior to deduplication): |
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* 71.61672%: [MADLAD-400 (CommonCrawl)](https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/MADLAD-400) |
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* 13.40823%: [Glot500](https://huggingface.co/datasets/cis-lmu/Glot500), including [Bianet](https://opus.nlpl.eu/Bianet.php), [BLOOM](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sil-ai/bloom-lm), [CCNet](https://github.com/facebookresearch/cc_net), [Earthlings](https://publicdata.canterbury.ac.nz/Research/Geocorpus/CCGLU_v5.0/), [OSCAR](https://oscar-project.org/), [Tatoeba](https://tatoeba.org/en/), [TICO](https://tico-19.github.io/), [W2C](https://lindat.mff.cuni.cz/repository/xmlui/handle/11858/00-097C-0000-0022-6133-9) |
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* 8.33884%: [OSCAR 2021/09](https://huggingface.co/datasets/oscar-corpus/OSCAR-2109) |
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* 4.36208%: [NLLB (CommonCrawl and ParaCrawl)](https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/nllb) |
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* 2.27236%: [Wikipedia 2023/08](https://dumps.wikimedia.org/) |
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* 0.00178%: [Tatoeba](https://tatoeba.org/en/) |
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## Citation |
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If you use this model, please cite: |
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``` |
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@article{chang-etal-2024-goldfish, |
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title={Goldfish: Monolingual Language Models for 350 Languages}, |
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author={Chang, Tyler A. and Arnett, Catherine and Tu, Zhuowen and Bergen, Benjamin K.}, |
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journal={Preprint}, |
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year={2024}, |
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url={https://www.arxiv.org/abs/2408.10441}, |
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} |
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``` |
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