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LLaVa-NeXT-Video

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LLaVa-NeXT-Video

Overview

The LLaVa-NeXT-Video model was proposed in LLaVA-NeXT: A Strong Zero-shot Video Understanding Model by Yuanhan Zhang, Bo Li, Haotian Liu, Yong Jae Lee, Liangke Gui, Di Fu, Jiashi Feng, Ziwei Liu, Chunyuan Li. LLaVa-NeXT-Video improves upon LLaVa-NeXT by fine-tuning on a mix if video and image dataset thus increasing the model’s performance on videos.

LLaVA-NeXT surprisingly has strong performance in understanding video content in zero-shot fashion with the AnyRes technique that it uses. The AnyRes technique naturally represents a high-resolution image into multiple images. This technique is naturally generalizable to represent videos because videos can be considered as a set of frames (similar to a set of images in LLaVa-NeXT). The current version of LLaVA-NeXT makes use of AnyRes and trains with supervised fine-tuning (SFT) on top of LLaVA-Next on video data to achieves better video understanding capabilities.The model is a current SOTA among open-source models on VideoMME bench.

The introduction from the blog is the following:

On January 30, 2024, we released LLaVA-NeXT, an open-source Large Multimodal Model (LMM) that has been trained exclusively on text-image data. With the proposed AnyRes technique, it boosts capabilities in reasoning, OCR, and world knowledge, demonstrating remarkable performance across a spectrum of image-based multimodal understanding tasks, and even exceeding Gemini-Pro on several image benchmarks, e.g. MMMU and MathVista.

**In today’s exploration, we delve into the performance of LLaVA-NeXT within the realm of video understanding tasks. We reveal that LLaVA-NeXT surprisingly has strong performance in understanding video content. The current version of LLaVA-NeXT for videos has several improvements:

Zero-shot video representation capabilities with AnyRes: The AnyRes technique naturally represents a high-resolution image into multiple images that a pre-trained VIT is able to digest, and forms them into a concantenated sequence. This technique is naturally generalizable to represent videos (consisting of multiple frames), allowing the image-only-trained LLaVA-Next model to perform surprisingly well on video tasks. Notably, this is the first time that LMMs show strong zero-shot modality transfer ability.
Inference with length generalization improves on longer videos. The linear scaling technique enables length generalization, allowing LLaVA-NeXT to effectively handle long-video beyond the limitation of the “max_token_length” of the LLM.
Strong video understanding ability. (1) LLaVA-Next-Image, which combines the above two techniques, yields superior zero-shot performance than open-source LMMs tuned on videos. (2) LLaVA-Next-Video, further supervised fine-tuning (SFT) LLaVA-Next-Image on video data, achieves better video understanding capabilities compared to LLaVA-Next-Image. (3) LLaVA-Next-Video-DPO, which aligns the model response with AI feedback using direct preference optimization (DPO), showing significant performance boost.
Efficient deployment and inference with SGLang. It allows 5x faster inference on video tasks, allowing more scalable serving such as million-level video re-captioning. See instructions in our repo.**

This model was contributed by RaushanTurganbay. The original code can be found here.

Usage tips

We advise users to use padding_side="left" when computing batched generation as it leads to more accurate results. Simply make sure to call processor.tokenizer.padding_side = "left" before generating.

Llava-Next uses different number of patches for images and thus has to pad the inputs inside modeling code, aside from the padding done when processing the inputs. The default setting is “left-padding” if model is in eval() mode, otherwise “right-padding”.

Note that each checkpoint has been trained with a specific prompt format, depending on which large language model (LLM) was used. You can use tokenizer’s apply_chat_template to format your prompts correctly. Below is an example of how to do that.

We will use LLaVA-NeXT-Video-7B-hf and a conversation history of videos and images. Each content field has to be a list of dicts, as follows:

from transformers import LlavaNextVideoProcessor

processor = LlavaNextVideoProcessor.from_pretrained("llava-hf/LLaVA-NeXT-Video-7B-hf")

conversation = [
    {
        "role": "system",
        "content": [
            {"type": "text", "text": "A chat between a curious human and an artificial intelligence assistant. The assistant gives helpful, detailed, and polite answers to the human's questions."},
            ],
    },
    {
        "role": "user",
        "content": [
            {"type": "text", "text": "What’s shown in this image?"},
            {"type": "image"},
            ],
    },
    {
        "role": "assistant",
        "content": [{"type": "text", "text": "This image shows a red stop sign."},]
    },
    {

        "role": "user",
        "content": [
            {"type": "text", "text": "Why is this video funny?"},
            {"type": "video"},
            ],
    },
]

text_prompt = processor.apply_chat_template(conversation, add_generation_prompt=True)

# Note that the template simply formats your prompt, you still have to tokenize it and obtain pixel values for your visuals
print(text_prompt)

Usage example

Single Media Mode

The model can accept both images and videos as input. Here’s an example code for inference in half-precision (torch.float16):

import av
import torch
import numpy as np
from transformers import LlavaNextVideoForConditionalGeneration, LlavaNextVideoProcessor

def read_video_pyav(container, indices):
    '''
    Decode the video with PyAV decoder.
    Args:
        container (`av.container.input.InputContainer`): PyAV container.
        indices (`List[int]`): List of frame indices to decode.
    Returns:
        result (np.ndarray): np array of decoded frames of shape (num_frames, height, width, 3).
    '''
    frames = []
    container.seek(0)
    start_index = indices[0]
    end_index = indices[-1]
    for i, frame in enumerate(container.decode(video=0)):
        if i > end_index:
            break
        if i >= start_index and i in indices:
            frames.append(frame)
    return np.stack([x.to_ndarray(format="rgb24") for x in frames])

# Load the model in half-precision
model = LlavaNextVideoForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained("llava-hf/LLaVA-NeXT-Video-7B-hf", torch_dtype=torch.float16, device_map="auto")
processor = LlavaNextVideoProcessor.from_pretrained("llava-hf/LLaVA-NeXT-Video-7B-hf")

# Load the video as an np.array, sampling uniformly 8 frames (can sample more for longer videos)
video_path = hf_hub_download(repo_id="raushan-testing-hf/videos-test", filename="sample_demo_1.mp4", repo_type="dataset")
container = av.open(video_path)
total_frames = container.streams.video[0].frames
indices = np.arange(0, total_frames, total_frames / 8).astype(int)
video = read_video_pyav(container, indices)

conversation = [
    {

        "role": "user",
        "content": [
            {"type": "text", "text": "Why is this video funny?"},
            {"type": "video"},
            ],
    },
]

prompt = processor.apply_chat_template(conversation, add_generation_prompt=True)
inputs = processor(text=prompt, videos=video, return_tensors="pt")

out = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=60)
processor.batch_decode(out, skip_special_tokens=True, clean_up_tokenization_spaces=True)

Mixed Media Mode

The model can also generate from an interleaved image-video inputs. However note, that it was not trained in interleaved image-video setting which might affect the performance. Below is an example usage for mixed media input, add the following lines to the above code snippet:

from PIL import Image
import requests

# Generate from image and video mixed inputs
# Load and image and write a new prompt
url = "http://images.cocodataset.org/val2017/000000039769.jpg"
image = Image.open(requests.get(url, stream=True).raw)
conversation = [
    {

        "role": "user",
        "content": [
            {"type": "text", "text": "How many cats are there in the image?"},
            {"type": "image"},
            ],
    },
    {

        "role": "assistant",
        "content": [{"type": "text", "text": "There are two cats"}],
    },
    {

        "role": "user",
        "content": [
            {"type": "text", "text": "Why is this video funny?"},
            {"type": "video"},
            ],
    },
]
prompt = processor.apply_chat_template(conversation, add_generation_prompt=True)
inputs = processor(text=prompt, images=image, videos=clip, padding=True, return_tensors="pt")

# Generate
generate_ids = model.generate(**inputs, max_length=50)
processor.batch_decode(generate_ids, skip_special_tokens=True, clean_up_tokenization_spaces=True)

Model optimization

Quantization using Bitsandbytes for memory efficiency

The model can be loaded in lower bits, significantly reducing memory burden while maintaining the performance of the original model. This allows for efficient deployment on resource-constrained cases.

First, make sure to install bitsandbytes by running pip install bitsandbytes and to have access to a GPU/accelerator that is supported by the library.

bitsandbytes is being refactored to support multiple backends beyond CUDA. Currently, ROCm (AMD GPU) and Intel CPU implementations are mature, with Intel XPU in progress and Apple Silicon support expected by Q4/Q1. For installation instructions and the latest backend updates, visit this link.

We value your feedback to help identify bugs before the full release! Check out these docs for more details and feedback links.

Then simply load the quantized model by adding BitsAndBytesConfig as shown below:

from transformers import LlavaNextVideoForConditionalGeneration, LlavaNextVideoProcessor

# specify how to quantize the model
quantization_config = BitsAndBytesConfig(
    load_in_4bit=True,
    bnb_4bit_quant_type="nf4",
    bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=torch.float16,
)

model = LlavaNextVideoForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained("llava-hf/LLaVA-NeXT-Video-7B-hf", quantization_config=quantization_config, device_map="auto")

Flash-Attention 2 to speed-up generation

Additionally, we can greatly speed-up model inference by using Flash Attention, which is a faster implementation of the attention mechanism used inside the model.

First, make sure to install the latest version of Flash Attention 2:

pip install -U flash-attn --no-build-isolation

Also, you should have a hardware that is compatible with Flash-Attention 2. Read more about it in the official documentation of the flash attention repository. FlashAttention-2 can only be used when a model is loaded in torch.float16 or torch.bfloat16.

To load and run a model using Flash Attention-2, simply add attn_implementation="flash_attention_2" when loading the model as follows:

from transformers import LlavaNextVideoForConditionalGeneration

model = LlavaNextVideoForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained(
    "llava-hf/LLaVA-NeXT-Video-7B-hf", 
    torch_dtype=torch.float16, 
    attn_implementation="flash_attention_2",
).to(0)

LlavaNextVideoConfig

class transformers.LlavaNextVideoConfig

< source >

( vision_config = None text_config = None ignore_index = -100 image_token_index = 32001 projector_hidden_act = 'gelu' vision_feature_select_strategy = 'default' vision_feature_layer = -2 image_grid_pinpoints = None tie_word_embeddings = False video_token_index = 32000 spatial_pool_mode = 'average' spatial_pool_stride = 2 image_seq_length = 576 video_seq_length = 288 **kwargs )

Parameters

vision_config (Union[AutoConfig, dict], optional, defaults to CLIPVisionConfig) — The config object or dictionary of the vision backbone.
text_config (Union[AutoConfig, dict], optional, defaults to LlamaConfig) — The config object or dictionary of the text backbone.
ignore_index (int, optional, defaults to -100) — The ignore index for the loss function.
image_token_index (int, optional, defaults to 32001) — The image token index to encode the image prompt.
projector_hidden_act (str, optional, defaults to "gelu") — The activation function used by the multimodal projector.
vision_feature_select_strategy (str, optional, defaults to "default") — The feature selection strategy used to select the vision feature from the vision backbone. Can be one of "default" or "full". If "default", the CLS token is removed from the vision features. If "full", the full vision features are used.
vision_feature_layer (int, optional, defaults to -2) — The index of the layer to select the vision feature.
image_grid_pinpoints (List, optional, defaults to [[336, 672], [672, 336], [672, 672], [1008, 336], [336, 1008]]) — A list of possible resolutions to use for processing high resolution images. Each item in the list should be a tuple or list of the form (height, width).
tie_word_embeddings (bool, optional, defaults to False) — Whether the model’s input and output word embeddings should be tied.
video_token_index (int, optional, defaults to 32000) — The video token index to encode the image prompt.
spatial_pool_mode (str, optional, defaults to "average") — Pooling mode to use for videos. Can be “average”, “max” or “conv”.
spatial_pool_stride (int, optional, defaults to 2) — Stride used in the pooling layer for videos.
image_seq_length (int, optional, defaults to 576) — Sequence length of one image embedding.
video_seq_length (int, optional, defaults to 288) — Sequence length of one video embedding.

This is the configuration class to store the configuration of a LlavaNextVideoForConditionalGeneration. It is used to instantiate an Llava-NeXT model according to the specified arguments, defining the model architecture. Instantiating a configuration with the defaults will yield a similar configuration to that of the llava-hf/LLaVA-NeXT-Video-7B-hf model. Configuration objects inherit from PretrainedConfig and can be used to control the model outputs. Read the documentation from PretrainedConfig for more information.

Example:

>>> from transformers import LlavaNextVideoForConditionalGeneration, LlavaNextVideoConfig, CLIPVisionConfig, LlamaConfig

>>> # Initializing a CLIP-vision config
>>> vision_config = CLIPVisionConfig()

>>> # Initializing a Llama config
>>> text_config = LlamaConfig()

>>> configuration = LlavaNextVideoConfig(vision_config, text_config)

>>> model = LlavaNextVideoForConditionalGeneration(configuration)

>>> # Accessing the model configuration
>>> configuration = model.config

LlavaNextVideoProcessor

class transformers.LlavaNextVideoProcessor

< source >

( video_processor = None image_processor = None tokenizer = None chat_template = None patch_size = None vision_feature_select_strategy = None video_token = '<video>' image_token = '<image>' **kwargs )

Parameters

video_processor (LlavaNextVideoImageProcessor, optional) — The video processor is a required input.
image_processor (LlavaNextImageProcessor, optional) — The image processor is a required input.
tokenizer (LlamaTokenizerFast, optional) — The tokenizer is a required input.
chat_template (str, optional) — Jinja chat template that will be used in tokenizer’s apply_chat_template
patch_size (int, optional) — Patch size from the vision tower.
vision_feature_select_strategy (str, optional) — The feature selection strategy used to select the vision feature from the vision backbone. Shoudl be same as in model’s config
video_token (str, optional, defaults to "<video>") — Special token used to denote video location.
image_token (str, optional, defaults to "<image>") — Special token used to denote image location.

Constructs a LLaVa-NeXT-Video processor which wraps a LLaVa-NeXT image processor, LLaVa-NeXT-Video video processor and a LLaMa tokenizer into a single processor.

LlavaNextVideoProcessor offers all the functionalities of LlavaNextImageProcessor, LlavaNextVideoImageProcessor and LlamaTokenizerFast. See the __call__() and decode() for more information.

batch_decode

< source >

( *args **kwargs )

This method forwards all its arguments to LlamaTokenizerFast’s batch_decode(). Please refer to the docstring of this method for more information.

decode

< source >

( *args **kwargs )

This method forwards all its arguments to LlamaTokenizerFast’s decode(). Please refer to the docstring of this method for more information.

LlavaNextVideoImageProcessor

class transformers.LlavaNextVideoImageProcessor

< source >

( do_resize: bool = True size: Dict = None image_grid_pinpoints: List = None resample: Resampling = <Resampling.BICUBIC: 3> do_center_crop: bool = True crop_size: Dict = None do_rescale: bool = True rescale_factor: Union = 0.00392156862745098 do_normalize: bool = True image_mean: Union = None image_std: Union = None do_convert_rgb: bool = True **kwargs )

Parameters

do_resize (bool, optional, defaults to True) — Whether to resize the image’s (height, width) dimensions to the specified size. Can be overridden by do_resize in the preprocess method.
size (Dict[str, int] optional, defaults to {"shortest_edge" -- 224}): Size of the image after resizing. The shortest edge of the image is resized to size[“shortest_edge”], with the longest edge resized to keep the input aspect ratio. Can be overridden by size in the preprocess method.
image_grid_pinpoints (List optional, defaults to [[672, 336], [336, 672], [672, 672], [336, 1008], [1008, 336]]) — A list of possible resolutions to use for processing high resolution images. The best resolution is selected based on the original size of the image. Can be overridden by image_grid_pinpoints in the preprocess method. Not used for processinf videos.
resample (PILImageResampling, optional, defaults to Resampling.BICUBIC) — Resampling filter to use if resizing the image. Can be overridden by resample in the preprocess method.
do_center_crop (bool, optional, defaults to True) — Whether to center crop the image to the specified crop_size. Can be overridden by do_center_crop in the preprocess method.
crop_size (Dict[str, int] optional, defaults to 224) — Size of the output image after applying center_crop. Can be overridden by crop_size in the preprocess method.
do_rescale (bool, optional, defaults to True) — Whether to rescale the image by the specified scale rescale_factor. Can be overridden by do_rescale in the preprocess method.
rescale_factor (int or float, optional, defaults to 1/255) — Scale factor to use if rescaling the image. Can be overridden by rescale_factor in the preprocess method.
do_normalize (bool, optional, defaults to True) — Whether to normalize the image. Can be overridden by do_normalize in the preprocess method.
image_mean (float or List[float], optional, defaults to [0.48145466, 0.4578275, 0.40821073]) — Mean to use if normalizing the image. This is a float or list of floats the length of the number of channels in the image. Can be overridden by the image_mean parameter in the preprocess method.
image_std (float or List[float], optional, defaults to [0.26862954, 0.26130258, 0.27577711]) — Standard deviation to use if normalizing the image. This is a float or list of floats the length of the number of channels in the image. Can be overridden by the image_std parameter in the preprocess method. Can be overridden by the image_std parameter in the preprocess method.
do_convert_rgb (bool, optional, defaults to True) — Whether to convert the image to RGB.

Constructs a LLaVa-NeXT-Video video processor. Based on CLIPImageProcessor with incorporation of processing each video frame.

preprocess

< source >

( images: Union do_resize: bool = None size: Dict = None resample: Resampling = None do_center_crop: bool = None crop_size: int = None do_rescale: bool = None rescale_factor: float = None do_normalize: bool = None image_mean: Union = None image_std: Union = None do_convert_rgb: bool = None return_tensors: Union = None data_format: Optional = <ChannelDimension.FIRST: 'channels_first'> input_data_format: Union = None )

Parameters

images (VideoInput) — Videos to preprocess. Expects a single or batch of videos with pixel values ranging from 0 to 255. If passing in images with pixel values between 0 and 1, set do_rescale=False.
do_resize (bool, optional, defaults to self.do_resize) — Whether to resize the video.
size (Dict[str, int], optional, defaults to self.size) — Size of the video after resizing. Shortest edge of the video is resized to size[“shortest_edge”], with the longest edge resized to keep the input aspect ratio.
resample (int, optional, defaults to self.resample) — Resampling filter to use if resizing the video. This can be one of the enum PILImageResampling. Only has an effect if do_resize is set to True.
do_center_crop (bool, optional, defaults to self.do_center_crop) — Whether to center crop the video.
crop_size (Dict[str, int], optional, defaults to self.crop_size) — Size of the center crop. Only has an effect if do_center_crop is set to True.
do_rescale (bool, optional, defaults to self.do_rescale) — Whether to rescale the video.
rescale_factor (float, optional, defaults to self.rescale_factor) — Rescale factor to rescale the video by if do_rescale is set to True.
do_normalize (bool, optional, defaults to self.do_normalize) — Whether to normalize the video.
image_mean (float or List[float], optional, defaults to self.image_mean) — Frame mean to use for normalization. Only has an effect if do_normalize is set to True.
image_std (float or List[float], optional, defaults to self.image_std) — Frame standard deviation to use for normalization. Only has an effect if do_normalize is set to True.
do_convert_rgb (bool, optional, defaults to self.do_convert_rgb) — Whether to convert the video to RGB.
return_tensors (str or TensorType, optional) — The type of tensors to return. Can be one of:
- Unset: Return a list of np.ndarray.
- TensorType.TENSORFLOW or 'tf': Return a batch of type tf.Tensor.
- TensorType.PYTORCH or 'pt': Return a batch of type torch.Tensor.
- TensorType.NUMPY or 'np': Return a batch of type np.ndarray.
- TensorType.JAX or 'jax': Return a batch of type jax.numpy.ndarray.
data_format (ChannelDimension or str, optional, defaults to ChannelDimension.FIRST) — The channel dimension format for the output image. Can be one of:
- "channels_first" or ChannelDimension.FIRST: image in (num_channels, height, width) format.
- "channels_last" or ChannelDimension.LAST: image in (height, width, num_channels) format.
- Unset: Use the channel dimension format of the input image.
input_data_format (ChannelDimension or str, optional) — The channel dimension format for the input image. If unset, the channel dimension format is inferred from the input image. Can be one of:
- "channels_first" or ChannelDimension.FIRST: image in (num_channels, height, width) format.
- "channels_last" or ChannelDimension.LAST: image in (height, width, num_channels) format.
- "none" or ChannelDimension.NONE: image in (height, width) format.

resize

< source >

( image: ndarray size: Dict resample: Resampling = <Resampling.BICUBIC: 3> data_format: Union = None input_data_format: Union = None **kwargs )

Parameters

image (np.ndarray) — Image to resize.
size (Dict[str, int]) — Size of the output image.
resample (PILImageResampling, optional, defaults to PILImageResampling.BICUBIC) — Resampling filter to use when resiizing the image.
data_format (str or ChannelDimension, optional) — The channel dimension format of the image. If not provided, it will be the same as the input image.
input_data_format (ChannelDimension or str, optional) — The channel dimension format of the input image. If not provided, it will be inferred.

Resize an image. The shortest edge of the image is resized to size[“shortest_edge”], with the longest edge resized to keep the input aspect ratio.

LlavaNextVideoForConditionalGeneration

class transformers.LlavaNextVideoForConditionalGeneration

< source >

( config: LlavaNextVideoConfig )

Parameters

config (LlavaNextVideoConfig or LlavaNextVideoVisionConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

The LLAVA-NeXT model which consists of a vision backbone and a language model. This model inherits from PreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a PyTorch torch.nn.Module subclass. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

forward

< source >

( input_ids: LongTensor = None pixel_values: FloatTensor = None pixel_values_videos: FloatTensor = None image_sizes: Optional = None attention_mask: Optional = None position_ids: Optional = None past_key_values: Optional = None inputs_embeds: Optional = None vision_feature_layer: Optional = None vision_feature_select_strategy: Optional = None labels: Optional = None use_cache: Optional = None output_attentions: Optional = None output_hidden_states: Optional = None return_dict: Optional = None cache_position: Optional = None num_logits_to_keep: int = 0 ) → transformers.models.llava_next_video.modeling_llava_next_video.LlavaNextVideoCausalLMOutputWithPast or tuple(torch.FloatTensor)

Parameters

input_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length)) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary. Padding will be ignored by default should you provide it.

Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

What are input IDs?
pixel_values (torch.FloatTensor of shape `(batch_size, num_channels, image_size, image_size)) — The tensors corresponding to the input images. Pixel values can be obtained using AutoImageProcessor. See LlavaNextVideoImageProcessor.call() for details. LlavaProcessor uses LlavaNextVideoImageProcessor for processing images.
image_sizes (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, 2), optional) — The sizes of the images in the batch, being (height, width) for each image.
attention_mask (torch.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in [0, 1]:
- 1 for tokens that are not masked,
- 0 for tokens that are masked.
What are attention masks?

Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

If past_key_values is used, optionally only the last decoder_input_ids have to be input (see past_key_values).

If you want to change padding behavior, you should read modeling_opt._prepare_decoder_attention_mask and modify to your needs. See diagram 1 in the paper for more information on the default strategy.
- 1 indicates the head is not masked,
- 0 indicates the head is masked.
position_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range [0, config.n_positions - 1]. What are position IDs?
past_key_values (tuple(tuple(torch.FloatTensor)), optional, returned when use_cache=True is passed or when config.use_cache=True) — Tuple of tuple(torch.FloatTensor) of length config.n_layers, with each tuple having 2 tensors of shape (batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, embed_size_per_head)) and 2 additional tensors of shape (batch_size, num_heads, encoder_sequence_length, embed_size_per_head).

Contains pre-computed hidden-states (key and values in the self-attention blocks and in the cross-attention blocks) that can be used (see past_key_values input) to speed up sequential decoding.

If past_key_values are used, the user can optionally input only the last decoder_input_ids (those that don’t have their past key value states given to this model) of shape (batch_size, 1) instead of all decoder_input_ids of shape (batch_size, sequence_length).
inputs_embeds (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size), optional) — Optionally, instead of passing input_ids you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert input_ids indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
vision_feature_layer (int, optional, defaults to -2) — The index of the layer to select the vision feature.
vision_feature_select_strategy (str, optional, defaults to "default") — The feature selection strategy used to select the vision feature from the vision backbone. Can be one of "default" or "full". If "default", the CLS token is removed from the vision features. If "full", the full vision features are used.
use_cache (bool, optional) — If set to True, past_key_values key value states are returned and can be used to speed up decoding (see past_key_values).
output_attentions (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See attentions under returned tensors for more detail.
output_hidden_states (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See hidden_states under returned tensors for more detail.
return_dict (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.
cache_position (torch.LongTensor of shape (sequence_length), optional) — Indices depicting the position of the input sequence tokens in the sequence. Contrarily to position_ids, this tensor is not affected by padding. It is used to update the cache in the correct position and to infer the complete sequence length.

Args — pixel_values_videos (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, num_frames, num_channels, image_size, image_size)): The tensors corresponding to the input videos. Pixel values can be obtained using [AutoImageProcessor](/docs/transformers/v4.46.2/en/model_doc/auto#transformers.AutoImageProcessor). See LlavaNextVideoVideoProcessor.callfor details. [LlavaProcessor](/docs/transformers/v4.46.2/en/model_doc/llava#transformers.LlavaProcessor) usesLlavaNextVideoVideoProcessor for processing videos. labels (torch.LongTensorof shape(batch_size, sequence_length), *optional*): Labels for computing the masked language modeling loss. Indices should either be in [0, …, config.vocab_size]or -100 (seeinput_idsdocstring). Tokens with indices set to-100are ignored (masked), the loss is only computed for the tokens with labels in[0, …, config.vocab_size]. num_logits_to_keep (int, *optional*): Calculate logits for the last num_logits_to_keeptokens. If0, calculate logits for all input_ids` (special case). Only last token logits are needed for generation, and calculating them only for that token can save memory, which becomes pretty significant for long sequences or large vocabulary size.

Returns

transformers.models.llava_next_video.modeling_llava_next_video.LlavaNextVideoCausalLMOutputWithPast or tuple(torch.FloatTensor)

A transformers.models.llava_next_video.modeling_llava_next_video.LlavaNextVideoCausalLMOutputWithPast or a tuple of torch.FloatTensor (if return_dict=False is passed or when config.return_dict=False) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (LlavaNextVideoConfig) and inputs.

loss (torch.FloatTensor of shape (1,), optional, returned when labels is provided) — Language modeling loss (for next-token prediction).
logits (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, config.vocab_size)) — Prediction scores of the language modeling head (scores for each vocabulary token before SoftMax).
past_key_values (tuple(tuple(torch.FloatTensor)), optional, returned when use_cache=True is passed or when config.use_cache=True) — Tuple of tuple(torch.FloatTensor) of length config.n_layers, with each tuple having 2 tensors of shape (batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, embed_size_per_head))

Contains pre-computed hidden-states (key and values in the self-attention blocks) that can be used (see past_key_values input) to speed up sequential decoding.
hidden_states (tuple(torch.FloatTensor), optional, returned when output_hidden_states=True is passed or when config.output_hidden_states=True) — Tuple of torch.FloatTensor (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, + one for the output of each layer) of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size).

Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.
attentions (tuple(torch.FloatTensor), optional, returned when output_attentions=True is passed or when config.output_attentions=True) — Tuple of torch.FloatTensor (one for each layer) of shape (batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length).

Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.
image_hidden_states (torch.FloatTensor, optional) — A torch.FloatTensor of size (batch_size * num_patches, num_images, sequence_length, hidden_size)`. image_hidden_states of the model produced by the vision encoder and after projecting the last hidden state.
video_hidden_states (torch.FloatTensor, optional) — A torch.FloatTensor of size (batch_size * num_frames, num_videos, sequence_length, hidden_size). video_hidden_states of the model produced by the vision encoder and after projecting the last hidden state.

The LlavaNextVideoForConditionalGeneration forward method, overrides the __call__ special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the Module instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

>>> from PIL import Image
>>> import requests
>>> import av
>>> from transformers import AutoProcessor, LlavaNextVideoForConditionalGeneration

>>> def read_video_pyav(container, indices):
...     '''
...     Decode the video with PyAV decoder.
...     Args:
...         container (`av.container.input.InputContainer`): PyAV container.
...         indices (`List[int]`): List of frame indices to decode.
...     Returns:
...         result (np.ndarray): np array of decoded frames of shape (num_frames, height, width, 3).
...     '''
...     frames = []
...     container.seek(0)
...     start_index = indices[0]
...     end_index = indices[-1]
...     for i, frame in enumerate(container.decode(video=0)):
...         if i > end_index:
...             break
...         if i >= start_index and i in indices:
...             frames.append(frame)
...     return np.stack([x.to_ndarray(format="rgb24") for x in frames])

>>> model = LlavaNextVideoForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained("llava-hf/LLaVA-NeXT-Video-7B-hf", device_map="auto")
>>> processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained("llava-hf/LLaVA-NeXT-Video-7B-hf")

>>> prompt = "USER: <video>\nWhy is this video funny? ASSISTANT:"
>>> video_path = hf_hub_download(repo_id="raushan-testing-hf/videos-test", filename="sample_demo_1.mp4", repo_type="dataset")
>>> container = av.open(video_path)

>>> # sample uniformly 8 frames from the video (model was trained with 32 frames per video, but this video is short)
>>> total_frames = container.streams.video[0].frames
>>> indices = np.arange(0, total_frames, total_frames / 8).astype(int)
>>> clip = read_video_pyav(container, indices)
>>> inputs_video = processor(text=prompt, videos=clip, return_tensors="pt").to(model.device)

>>> # load an image to generate from an image
>>> prompt = "USER:<image>\nWhat is shown in this image? ASSISTANT:"
>>> url = "https://www.ilankelman.org/stopsigns/australia.jpg"
>>> image = Image.open(requests.get(url, stream=True).raw)
>>> inputs_image = processor(text=prompt, images=image, return_tensors="pt").to(model.device)

>>> # Generate from video
>>> generate_ids = model.generate(**inputs_video, max_length=50)
>>> processor.batch_decode(generate_ids, skip_special_tokens=True, clean_up_tokenization_spaces=False)[0]
"USER:\nWhy is this video funny? ASSISTANT: The humor in this video comes from the unexpected and endearing sight of a baby wearing glasses and (...)"

>>> # Generate from image
>>> generate_ids = model.generate(**inputs_image, max_length=30)
>>> processor.batch_decode(generate_ids, skip_special_tokens=True, clean_up_tokenization_spaces=False)[0]
"USER: \nWhat's the content of the image? ASSISTANT: The image shows a red stop sign on a pole, with a traditional Chinese archway (...)"

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