Transformers documentation

MobileBERT

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MobileBERT

Overview

The MobileBERT model was proposed in MobileBERT: a Compact Task-Agnostic BERT for Resource-Limited Devices by Zhiqing Sun, Hongkun Yu, Xiaodan Song, Renjie Liu, Yiming Yang, and Denny Zhou. It’s a bidirectional transformer based on the BERT model, which is compressed and accelerated using several approaches.

The abstract from the paper is the following:

Natural Language Processing (NLP) has recently achieved great success by using huge pre-trained models with hundreds of millions of parameters. However, these models suffer from heavy model sizes and high latency such that they cannot be deployed to resource-limited mobile devices. In this paper, we propose MobileBERT for compressing and accelerating the popular BERT model. Like the original BERT, MobileBERT is task-agnostic, that is, it can be generically applied to various downstream NLP tasks via simple fine-tuning. Basically, MobileBERT is a thin version of BERT_LARGE, while equipped with bottleneck structures and a carefully designed balance between self-attentions and feed-forward networks. To train MobileBERT, we first train a specially designed teacher model, an inverted-bottleneck incorporated BERT_LARGE model. Then, we conduct knowledge transfer from this teacher to MobileBERT. Empirical studies show that MobileBERT is 4.3x smaller and 5.5x faster than BERT_BASE while achieving competitive results on well-known benchmarks. On the natural language inference tasks of GLUE, MobileBERT achieves a GLUEscore o 77.7 (0.6 lower than BERT_BASE), and 62 ms latency on a Pixel 4 phone. On the SQuAD v1.1/v2.0 question answering task, MobileBERT achieves a dev F1 score of 90.0/79.2 (1.5/2.1 higher than BERT_BASE).

This model was contributed by vshampor. The original code can be found here.

Usage tips

  • MobileBERT is a model with absolute position embeddings so it’s usually advised to pad the inputs on the right rather than the left.
  • MobileBERT is similar to BERT and therefore relies on the masked language modeling (MLM) objective. It is therefore efficient at predicting masked tokens and at NLU in general, but is not optimal for text generation. Models trained with a causal language modeling (CLM) objective are better in that regard.

Resources

MobileBertConfig

class transformers.MobileBertConfig

< >

( vocab_size = 30522 hidden_size = 512 num_hidden_layers = 24 num_attention_heads = 4 intermediate_size = 512 hidden_act = 'relu' hidden_dropout_prob = 0.0 attention_probs_dropout_prob = 0.1 max_position_embeddings = 512 type_vocab_size = 2 initializer_range = 0.02 layer_norm_eps = 1e-12 pad_token_id = 0 embedding_size = 128 trigram_input = True use_bottleneck = True intra_bottleneck_size = 128 use_bottleneck_attention = False key_query_shared_bottleneck = True num_feedforward_networks = 4 normalization_type = 'no_norm' classifier_activation = True classifier_dropout = None **kwargs )

Parameters

  • vocab_size (int, optional, defaults to 30522) — Vocabulary size of the MobileBERT model. Defines the number of different tokens that can be represented by the inputs_ids passed when calling MobileBertModel or TFMobileBertModel.
  • hidden_size (int, optional, defaults to 512) — Dimensionality of the encoder layers and the pooler layer.
  • num_hidden_layers (int, optional, defaults to 24) — Number of hidden layers in the Transformer encoder.
  • num_attention_heads (int, optional, defaults to 4) — Number of attention heads for each attention layer in the Transformer encoder.
  • intermediate_size (int, optional, defaults to 512) — Dimensionality of the “intermediate” (often named feed-forward) layer in the Transformer encoder.
  • hidden_act (str or function, optional, defaults to "relu") — The non-linear activation function (function or string) in the encoder and pooler. If string, "gelu", "relu", "silu" and "gelu_new" are supported.
  • hidden_dropout_prob (float, optional, defaults to 0.0) — The dropout probability for all fully connected layers in the embeddings, encoder, and pooler.
  • attention_probs_dropout_prob (float, optional, defaults to 0.1) — The dropout ratio for the attention probabilities.
  • max_position_embeddings (int, optional, defaults to 512) — The maximum sequence length that this model might ever be used with. Typically set this to something large just in case (e.g., 512 or 1024 or 2048).
  • type_vocab_size (int, optional, defaults to 2) — The vocabulary size of the token_type_ids passed when calling MobileBertModel or TFMobileBertModel.
  • initializer_range (float, optional, defaults to 0.02) — The standard deviation of the truncated_normal_initializer for initializing all weight matrices.
  • layer_norm_eps (float, optional, defaults to 1e-12) — The epsilon used by the layer normalization layers.
  • pad_token_id (int, optional, defaults to 0) — The ID of the token in the word embedding to use as padding.
  • embedding_size (int, optional, defaults to 128) — The dimension of the word embedding vectors.
  • trigram_input (bool, optional, defaults to True) — Use a convolution of trigram as input.
  • use_bottleneck (bool, optional, defaults to True) — Whether to use bottleneck in BERT.
  • intra_bottleneck_size (int, optional, defaults to 128) — Size of bottleneck layer output.
  • use_bottleneck_attention (bool, optional, defaults to False) — Whether to use attention inputs from the bottleneck transformation.
  • key_query_shared_bottleneck (bool, optional, defaults to True) — Whether to use the same linear transformation for query&key in the bottleneck.
  • num_feedforward_networks (int, optional, defaults to 4) — Number of FFNs in a block.
  • normalization_type (str, optional, defaults to "no_norm") — The normalization type in MobileBERT.
  • classifier_dropout (float, optional) — The dropout ratio for the classification head.

This is the configuration class to store the configuration of a MobileBertModel or a TFMobileBertModel. It is used to instantiate a MobileBERT model according to the specified arguments, defining the model architecture. Instantiating a configuration with the defaults will yield a similar configuration to that of the MobileBERT google/mobilebert-uncased architecture.

Configuration objects inherit from PretrainedConfig and can be used to control the model outputs. Read the documentation from PretrainedConfig for more information.

Examples:

>>> from transformers import MobileBertConfig, MobileBertModel

>>> # Initializing a MobileBERT configuration
>>> configuration = MobileBertConfig()

>>> # Initializing a model (with random weights) from the configuration above
>>> model = MobileBertModel(configuration)

>>> # Accessing the model configuration
>>> configuration = model.config

MobileBertTokenizer

class transformers.MobileBertTokenizer

< >

( vocab_file do_lower_case = True do_basic_tokenize = True never_split = None unk_token = '[UNK]' sep_token = '[SEP]' pad_token = '[PAD]' cls_token = '[CLS]' mask_token = '[MASK]' tokenize_chinese_chars = True strip_accents = None **kwargs )

Parameters

  • vocab_file (str) — File containing the vocabulary.
  • do_lower_case (bool, optional, defaults to True) — Whether or not to lowercase the input when tokenizing.
  • do_basic_tokenize (bool, optional, defaults to True) — Whether or not to do basic tokenization before WordPiece.
  • never_split (Iterable, optional) — Collection of tokens which will never be split during tokenization. Only has an effect when do_basic_tokenize=True
  • unk_token (str, optional, defaults to "[UNK]") — The unknown token. A token that is not in the vocabulary cannot be converted to an ID and is set to be this token instead.
  • sep_token (str, optional, defaults to "[SEP]") — The separator token, which is used when building a sequence from multiple sequences, e.g. two sequences for sequence classification or for a text and a question for question answering. It is also used as the last token of a sequence built with special tokens.
  • pad_token (str, optional, defaults to "[PAD]") — The token used for padding, for example when batching sequences of different lengths.
  • cls_token (str, optional, defaults to "[CLS]") — The classifier token which is used when doing sequence classification (classification of the whole sequence instead of per-token classification). It is the first token of the sequence when built with special tokens.
  • mask_token (str, optional, defaults to "[MASK]") — The token used for masking values. This is the token used when training this model with masked language modeling. This is the token which the model will try to predict.
  • tokenize_chinese_chars (bool, optional, defaults to True) — Whether or not to tokenize Chinese characters.

    This should likely be deactivated for Japanese (see this issue).

  • strip_accents (bool, optional) — Whether or not to strip all accents. If this option is not specified, then it will be determined by the value for lowercase (as in the original MobileBERT).

Construct a MobileBERT tokenizer. Based on WordPiece.

This tokenizer inherits from PreTrainedTokenizer which contains most of the main methods. Users should refer to this superclass for more information regarding those methods.

build_inputs_with_special_tokens

< >

( token_ids_0: List token_ids_1: Optional = None ) List[int]

Parameters

  • token_ids_0 (List[int]) — List of IDs to which the special tokens will be added.
  • token_ids_1 (List[int], optional) — Optional second list of IDs for sequence pairs.

Returns

List[int]

List of input IDs with the appropriate special tokens.

Build model inputs from a sequence or a pair of sequence for sequence classification tasks by concatenating and adding special tokens. A MobileBERT sequence has the following format:

  • single sequence: [CLS] X [SEP]
  • pair of sequences: [CLS] A [SEP] B [SEP]

convert_tokens_to_string

< >

( tokens )

Converts a sequence of tokens (string) in a single string.

create_token_type_ids_from_sequences

< >

( token_ids_0: List token_ids_1: Optional = None ) List[int]

Parameters

  • token_ids_0 (List[int]) — List of IDs.
  • token_ids_1 (List[int], optional) — Optional second list of IDs for sequence pairs.

Returns

List[int]

List of token type IDs according to the given sequence(s).

Create a mask from the two sequences passed to be used in a sequence-pair classification task. A MobileBERT sequence

pair mask has the following format:

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
| first sequence    | second sequence |

If token_ids_1 is None, this method only returns the first portion of the mask (0s).

get_special_tokens_mask

< >

( token_ids_0: List token_ids_1: Optional = None already_has_special_tokens: bool = False ) List[int]

Parameters

  • token_ids_0 (List[int]) — List of IDs.
  • token_ids_1 (List[int], optional) — Optional second list of IDs for sequence pairs.
  • already_has_special_tokens (bool, optional, defaults to False) — Whether or not the token list is already formatted with special tokens for the model.

Returns

List[int]

A list of integers in the range [0, 1]: 1 for a special token, 0 for a sequence token.

Retrieve sequence ids from a token list that has no special tokens added. This method is called when adding special tokens using the tokenizer prepare_for_model method.

MobileBertTokenizerFast

class transformers.MobileBertTokenizerFast

< >

( vocab_file = None tokenizer_file = None do_lower_case = True unk_token = '[UNK]' sep_token = '[SEP]' pad_token = '[PAD]' cls_token = '[CLS]' mask_token = '[MASK]' tokenize_chinese_chars = True strip_accents = None **kwargs )

Parameters

  • vocab_file (str) — File containing the vocabulary.
  • do_lower_case (bool, optional, defaults to True) — Whether or not to lowercase the input when tokenizing.
  • unk_token (str, optional, defaults to "[UNK]") — The unknown token. A token that is not in the vocabulary cannot be converted to an ID and is set to be this token instead.
  • sep_token (str, optional, defaults to "[SEP]") — The separator token, which is used when building a sequence from multiple sequences, e.g. two sequences for sequence classification or for a text and a question for question answering. It is also used as the last token of a sequence built with special tokens.
  • pad_token (str, optional, defaults to "[PAD]") — The token used for padding, for example when batching sequences of different lengths.
  • cls_token (str, optional, defaults to "[CLS]") — The classifier token which is used when doing sequence classification (classification of the whole sequence instead of per-token classification). It is the first token of the sequence when built with special tokens.
  • mask_token (str, optional, defaults to "[MASK]") — The token used for masking values. This is the token used when training this model with masked language modeling. This is the token which the model will try to predict.
  • clean_text (bool, optional, defaults to True) — Whether or not to clean the text before tokenization by removing any control characters and replacing all whitespaces by the classic one.
  • tokenize_chinese_chars (bool, optional, defaults to True) — Whether or not to tokenize Chinese characters. This should likely be deactivated for Japanese (see this issue).
  • strip_accents (bool, optional) — Whether or not to strip all accents. If this option is not specified, then it will be determined by the value for lowercase (as in the original MobileBERT).
  • wordpieces_prefix (str, optional, defaults to "##") — The prefix for subwords.

Construct a “fast” MobileBERT tokenizer (backed by HuggingFace’s tokenizers library). Based on WordPiece.

This tokenizer inherits from PreTrainedTokenizerFast which contains most of the main methods. Users should refer to this superclass for more information regarding those methods.

build_inputs_with_special_tokens

< >

( token_ids_0 token_ids_1 = None ) List[int]

Parameters

  • token_ids_0 (List[int]) — List of IDs to which the special tokens will be added.
  • token_ids_1 (List[int], optional) — Optional second list of IDs for sequence pairs.

Returns

List[int]

List of input IDs with the appropriate special tokens.

Build model inputs from a sequence or a pair of sequence for sequence classification tasks by concatenating and adding special tokens. A MobileBERT sequence has the following format:

  • single sequence: [CLS] X [SEP]
  • pair of sequences: [CLS] A [SEP] B [SEP]

create_token_type_ids_from_sequences

< >

( token_ids_0: List token_ids_1: Optional = None ) List[int]

Parameters

  • token_ids_0 (List[int]) — List of IDs.
  • token_ids_1 (List[int], optional) — Optional second list of IDs for sequence pairs.

Returns

List[int]

List of token type IDs according to the given sequence(s).

Create a mask from the two sequences passed to be used in a sequence-pair classification task. A MobileBERT sequence

pair mask has the following format:

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
| first sequence    | second sequence |

If token_ids_1 is None, this method only returns the first portion of the mask (0s).

MobileBert specific outputs

class transformers.models.mobilebert.modeling_mobilebert.MobileBertForPreTrainingOutput

< >

( loss: Optional = None prediction_logits: FloatTensor = None seq_relationship_logits: FloatTensor = None hidden_states: Optional = None attentions: Optional = None )

Parameters

  • loss (optional, returned when labels is provided, torch.FloatTensor of shape (1,)) — Total loss as the sum of the masked language modeling loss and the next sequence prediction (classification) loss.
  • prediction_logits (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, config.vocab_size)) — Prediction scores of the language modeling head (scores for each vocabulary token before SoftMax).
  • seq_relationship_logits (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, 2)) — Prediction scores of the next sequence prediction (classification) head (scores of True/False continuation before SoftMax).
  • hidden_states (tuple(torch.FloatTensor), optional, returned when output_hidden_states=True is passed or when config.output_hidden_states=True) — Tuple of torch.FloatTensor (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size).

    Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.

  • attentions (tuple(torch.FloatTensor), optional, returned when output_attentions=True is passed or when config.output_attentions=True) — Tuple of torch.FloatTensor (one for each layer) of shape (batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length).

    Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

Output type of MobileBertForPreTraining.

class transformers.models.mobilebert.modeling_tf_mobilebert.TFMobileBertForPreTrainingOutput

< >

( loss: tf.Tensor | None = None prediction_logits: tf.Tensor = None seq_relationship_logits: tf.Tensor = None hidden_states: Tuple[tf.Tensor] | None = None attentions: Tuple[tf.Tensor] | None = None )

Parameters

  • prediction_logits (tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, config.vocab_size)) — Prediction scores of the language modeling head (scores for each vocabulary token before SoftMax).
  • seq_relationship_logits (tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, 2)) — Prediction scores of the next sequence prediction (classification) head (scores of True/False continuation before SoftMax).
  • hidden_states (tuple(tf.Tensor), optional, returned when output_hidden_states=True is passed or when config.output_hidden_states=True) — Tuple of tf.Tensor (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size).

    Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.

  • attentions (tuple(tf.Tensor), optional, returned when output_attentions=True is passed or when config.output_attentions=True) — Tuple of tf.Tensor (one for each layer) of shape (batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length).

    Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

Output type of TFMobileBertForPreTraining.

Pytorch
Hide Pytorch content

MobileBertModel

class transformers.MobileBertModel

< >

( config add_pooling_layer = True )

Parameters

  • config (MobileBertConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

The bare MobileBert Model transformer outputting raw hidden-states without any specific head on top.

This model inherits from PreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a PyTorch torch.nn.Module subclass. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.02984.pdf

forward

< >

( input_ids: Optional = None attention_mask: Optional = None token_type_ids: Optional = None position_ids: Optional = None head_mask: Optional = None inputs_embeds: Optional = None output_hidden_states: Optional = None output_attentions: Optional = None return_dict: Optional = None ) transformers.modeling_outputs.BaseModelOutputWithPooling or tuple(torch.FloatTensor)

Parameters

  • input_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length)) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

    Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

    What are input IDs?

  • attention_mask (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in [0, 1]:

    • 1 for tokens that are not masked,
    • 0 for tokens that are masked.

    What are attention masks?

  • token_type_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in [0, 1]:

    • 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
    • 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.

    What are token type IDs?

  • position_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range [0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1].

    What are position IDs?

  • head_mask (torch.FloatTensor of shape (num_heads,) or (num_layers, num_heads), optional) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in [0, 1]:

    • 1 indicates the head is not masked,
    • 0 indicates the head is masked.
  • inputs_embeds (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size), optional) — Optionally, instead of passing input_ids you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert input_ids indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
  • output_attentions (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See attentions under returned tensors for more detail.
  • output_hidden_states (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See hidden_states under returned tensors for more detail.
  • return_dict (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.

Returns

transformers.modeling_outputs.BaseModelOutputWithPooling or tuple(torch.FloatTensor)

A transformers.modeling_outputs.BaseModelOutputWithPooling or a tuple of torch.FloatTensor (if return_dict=False is passed or when config.return_dict=False) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (MobileBertConfig) and inputs.

  • last_hidden_state (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)) — Sequence of hidden-states at the output of the last layer of the model.

  • pooler_output (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, hidden_size)) — Last layer hidden-state of the first token of the sequence (classification token) after further processing through the layers used for the auxiliary pretraining task. E.g. for BERT-family of models, this returns the classification token after processing through a linear layer and a tanh activation function. The linear layer weights are trained from the next sentence prediction (classification) objective during pretraining.

  • hidden_states (tuple(torch.FloatTensor), optional, returned when output_hidden_states=True is passed or when config.output_hidden_states=True) — Tuple of torch.FloatTensor (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, + one for the output of each layer) of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size).

    Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.

  • attentions (tuple(torch.FloatTensor), optional, returned when output_attentions=True is passed or when config.output_attentions=True) — Tuple of torch.FloatTensor (one for each layer) of shape (batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length).

    Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The MobileBertModel forward method, overrides the __call__ special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the Module instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, MobileBertModel
>>> import torch

>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google/mobilebert-uncased")
>>> model = MobileBertModel.from_pretrained("google/mobilebert-uncased")

>>> inputs = tokenizer("Hello, my dog is cute", return_tensors="pt")
>>> outputs = model(**inputs)

>>> last_hidden_states = outputs.last_hidden_state

MobileBertForPreTraining

class transformers.MobileBertForPreTraining

< >

( config )

Parameters

  • config (MobileBertConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

MobileBert Model with two heads on top as done during the pretraining: a masked language modeling head and a next sentence prediction (classification) head.

This model inherits from PreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a PyTorch torch.nn.Module subclass. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

forward

< >

( input_ids: Optional = None attention_mask: Optional = None token_type_ids: Optional = None position_ids: Optional = None head_mask: Optional = None inputs_embeds: Optional = None labels: Optional = None next_sentence_label: Optional = None output_attentions: Optional = None output_hidden_states: Optional = None return_dict: Optional = None ) transformers.models.mobilebert.modeling_mobilebert.MobileBertForPreTrainingOutput or tuple(torch.FloatTensor)

Parameters

  • input_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length)) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

    Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

    What are input IDs?

  • attention_mask (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in [0, 1]:

    • 1 for tokens that are not masked,
    • 0 for tokens that are masked.

    What are attention masks?

  • token_type_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in [0, 1]:

    • 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
    • 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.

    What are token type IDs?

  • position_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range [0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1].

    What are position IDs?

  • head_mask (torch.FloatTensor of shape (num_heads,) or (num_layers, num_heads), optional) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in [0, 1]:

    • 1 indicates the head is not masked,
    • 0 indicates the head is masked.
  • inputs_embeds (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size), optional) — Optionally, instead of passing input_ids you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert input_ids indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
  • output_attentions (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See attentions under returned tensors for more detail.
  • output_hidden_states (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See hidden_states under returned tensors for more detail.
  • return_dict (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.
  • labels (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Labels for computing the masked language modeling loss. Indices should be in [-100, 0, ..., config.vocab_size] (see input_ids docstring) Tokens with indices set to -100 are ignored (masked), the loss is only computed for the tokens with labels in [0, ..., config.vocab_size]
  • next_sentence_label (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size,), optional) — Labels for computing the next sequence prediction (classification) loss. Input should be a sequence pair (see input_ids docstring) Indices should be in [0, 1]:

    • 0 indicates sequence B is a continuation of sequence A,
    • 1 indicates sequence B is a random sequence.

Returns

transformers.models.mobilebert.modeling_mobilebert.MobileBertForPreTrainingOutput or tuple(torch.FloatTensor)

A transformers.models.mobilebert.modeling_mobilebert.MobileBertForPreTrainingOutput or a tuple of torch.FloatTensor (if return_dict=False is passed or when config.return_dict=False) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (MobileBertConfig) and inputs.

  • loss (optional, returned when labels is provided, torch.FloatTensor of shape (1,)) — Total loss as the sum of the masked language modeling loss and the next sequence prediction (classification) loss.

  • prediction_logits (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, config.vocab_size)) — Prediction scores of the language modeling head (scores for each vocabulary token before SoftMax).

  • seq_relationship_logits (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, 2)) — Prediction scores of the next sequence prediction (classification) head (scores of True/False continuation before SoftMax).

  • hidden_states (tuple(torch.FloatTensor), optional, returned when output_hidden_states=True is passed or when config.output_hidden_states=True) — Tuple of torch.FloatTensor (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size).

    Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.

  • attentions (tuple(torch.FloatTensor), optional, returned when output_attentions=True is passed or when config.output_attentions=True) — Tuple of torch.FloatTensor (one for each layer) of shape (batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length).

    Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The MobileBertForPreTraining forward method, overrides the __call__ special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the Module instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Examples:

>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, MobileBertForPreTraining
>>> import torch

>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google/mobilebert-uncased")
>>> model = MobileBertForPreTraining.from_pretrained("google/mobilebert-uncased")

>>> input_ids = torch.tensor(tokenizer.encode("Hello, my dog is cute", add_special_tokens=True)).unsqueeze(0)
>>> # Batch size 1
>>> outputs = model(input_ids)

>>> prediction_logits = outputs.prediction_logits
>>> seq_relationship_logits = outputs.seq_relationship_logits

MobileBertForMaskedLM

class transformers.MobileBertForMaskedLM

< >

( config )

Parameters

  • config (MobileBertConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

MobileBert Model with a language modeling head on top.

This model inherits from PreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a PyTorch torch.nn.Module subclass. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

forward

< >

( input_ids: Optional = None attention_mask: Optional = None token_type_ids: Optional = None position_ids: Optional = None head_mask: Optional = None inputs_embeds: Optional = None labels: Optional = None output_attentions: Optional = None output_hidden_states: Optional = None return_dict: Optional = None ) transformers.modeling_outputs.MaskedLMOutput or tuple(torch.FloatTensor)

Parameters

  • input_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length)) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

    Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

    What are input IDs?

  • attention_mask (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in [0, 1]:

    • 1 for tokens that are not masked,
    • 0 for tokens that are masked.

    What are attention masks?

  • token_type_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in [0, 1]:

    • 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
    • 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.

    What are token type IDs?

  • position_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range [0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1].

    What are position IDs?

  • head_mask (torch.FloatTensor of shape (num_heads,) or (num_layers, num_heads), optional) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in [0, 1]:

    • 1 indicates the head is not masked,
    • 0 indicates the head is masked.
  • inputs_embeds (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size), optional) — Optionally, instead of passing input_ids you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert input_ids indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
  • output_attentions (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See attentions under returned tensors for more detail.
  • output_hidden_states (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See hidden_states under returned tensors for more detail.
  • return_dict (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.
  • labels (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Labels for computing the masked language modeling loss. Indices should be in [-100, 0, ..., config.vocab_size] (see input_ids docstring) Tokens with indices set to -100 are ignored (masked), the loss is only computed for the tokens with labels in [0, ..., config.vocab_size]

Returns

transformers.modeling_outputs.MaskedLMOutput or tuple(torch.FloatTensor)

A transformers.modeling_outputs.MaskedLMOutput or a tuple of torch.FloatTensor (if return_dict=False is passed or when config.return_dict=False) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (MobileBertConfig) and inputs.

  • loss (torch.FloatTensor of shape (1,), optional, returned when labels is provided) — Masked language modeling (MLM) loss.

  • logits (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, config.vocab_size)) — Prediction scores of the language modeling head (scores for each vocabulary token before SoftMax).

  • hidden_states (tuple(torch.FloatTensor), optional, returned when output_hidden_states=True is passed or when config.output_hidden_states=True) — Tuple of torch.FloatTensor (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, + one for the output of each layer) of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size).

    Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.

  • attentions (tuple(torch.FloatTensor), optional, returned when output_attentions=True is passed or when config.output_attentions=True) — Tuple of torch.FloatTensor (one for each layer) of shape (batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length).

    Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The MobileBertForMaskedLM forward method, overrides the __call__ special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the Module instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, MobileBertForMaskedLM
>>> import torch

>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google/mobilebert-uncased")
>>> model = MobileBertForMaskedLM.from_pretrained("google/mobilebert-uncased")

>>> inputs = tokenizer("The capital of France is [MASK].", return_tensors="pt")

>>> with torch.no_grad():
...     logits = model(**inputs).logits

>>> # retrieve index of [MASK]
>>> mask_token_index = (inputs.input_ids == tokenizer.mask_token_id)[0].nonzero(as_tuple=True)[0]

>>> predicted_token_id = logits[0, mask_token_index].argmax(axis=-1)
>>> tokenizer.decode(predicted_token_id)
'paris'

>>> labels = tokenizer("The capital of France is Paris.", return_tensors="pt")["input_ids"]
>>> # mask labels of non-[MASK] tokens
>>> labels = torch.where(inputs.input_ids == tokenizer.mask_token_id, labels, -100)

>>> outputs = model(**inputs, labels=labels)
>>> round(outputs.loss.item(), 2)
0.57

MobileBertForNextSentencePrediction

class transformers.MobileBertForNextSentencePrediction

< >

( config )

Parameters

  • config (MobileBertConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

MobileBert Model with a next sentence prediction (classification) head on top.

This model inherits from PreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a PyTorch torch.nn.Module subclass. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

forward

< >

( input_ids: Optional = None attention_mask: Optional = None token_type_ids: Optional = None position_ids: Optional = None head_mask: Optional = None inputs_embeds: Optional = None labels: Optional = None output_attentions: Optional = None output_hidden_states: Optional = None return_dict: Optional = None **kwargs ) transformers.modeling_outputs.NextSentencePredictorOutput or tuple(torch.FloatTensor)

Parameters

  • input_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length)) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

    Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

    What are input IDs?

  • attention_mask (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in [0, 1]:

    • 1 for tokens that are not masked,
    • 0 for tokens that are masked.

    What are attention masks?

  • token_type_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in [0, 1]:

    • 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
    • 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.

    What are token type IDs?

  • position_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range [0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1].

    What are position IDs?

  • head_mask (torch.FloatTensor of shape (num_heads,) or (num_layers, num_heads), optional) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in [0, 1]:

    • 1 indicates the head is not masked,
    • 0 indicates the head is masked.
  • inputs_embeds (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size), optional) — Optionally, instead of passing input_ids you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert input_ids indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
  • output_attentions (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See attentions under returned tensors for more detail.
  • output_hidden_states (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See hidden_states under returned tensors for more detail.
  • return_dict (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.
  • labels (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size,), optional) — Labels for computing the next sequence prediction (classification) loss. Input should be a sequence pair (see input_ids docstring) Indices should be in [0, 1].

    • 0 indicates sequence B is a continuation of sequence A,
    • 1 indicates sequence B is a random sequence.

Returns

transformers.modeling_outputs.NextSentencePredictorOutput or tuple(torch.FloatTensor)

A transformers.modeling_outputs.NextSentencePredictorOutput or a tuple of torch.FloatTensor (if return_dict=False is passed or when config.return_dict=False) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (MobileBertConfig) and inputs.

  • loss (torch.FloatTensor of shape (1,), optional, returned when next_sentence_label is provided) — Next sequence prediction (classification) loss.

  • logits (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, 2)) — Prediction scores of the next sequence prediction (classification) head (scores of True/False continuation before SoftMax).

  • hidden_states (tuple(torch.FloatTensor), optional, returned when output_hidden_states=True is passed or when config.output_hidden_states=True) — Tuple of torch.FloatTensor (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, + one for the output of each layer) of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size).

    Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.

  • attentions (tuple(torch.FloatTensor), optional, returned when output_attentions=True is passed or when config.output_attentions=True) — Tuple of torch.FloatTensor (one for each layer) of shape (batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length).

    Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The MobileBertForNextSentencePrediction forward method, overrides the __call__ special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the Module instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Examples:

>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, MobileBertForNextSentencePrediction
>>> import torch

>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google/mobilebert-uncased")
>>> model = MobileBertForNextSentencePrediction.from_pretrained("google/mobilebert-uncased")

>>> prompt = "In Italy, pizza served in formal settings, such as at a restaurant, is presented unsliced."
>>> next_sentence = "The sky is blue due to the shorter wavelength of blue light."
>>> encoding = tokenizer(prompt, next_sentence, return_tensors="pt")

>>> outputs = model(**encoding, labels=torch.LongTensor([1]))
>>> loss = outputs.loss
>>> logits = outputs.logits

MobileBertForSequenceClassification

class transformers.MobileBertForSequenceClassification

< >

( config )

Parameters

  • config (MobileBertConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

MobileBert Model transformer with a sequence classification/regression head on top (a linear layer on top of the pooled output) e.g. for GLUE tasks.

This model inherits from PreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a PyTorch torch.nn.Module subclass. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

forward

< >

( input_ids: Optional = None attention_mask: Optional = None token_type_ids: Optional = None position_ids: Optional = None head_mask: Optional = None inputs_embeds: Optional = None labels: Optional = None output_attentions: Optional = None output_hidden_states: Optional = None return_dict: Optional = None ) transformers.modeling_outputs.SequenceClassifierOutput or tuple(torch.FloatTensor)

Parameters

  • input_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length)) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

    Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

    What are input IDs?

  • attention_mask (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in [0, 1]:

    • 1 for tokens that are not masked,
    • 0 for tokens that are masked.

    What are attention masks?

  • token_type_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in [0, 1]:

    • 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
    • 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.

    What are token type IDs?

  • position_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range [0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1].

    What are position IDs?

  • head_mask (torch.FloatTensor of shape (num_heads,) or (num_layers, num_heads), optional) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in [0, 1]:

    • 1 indicates the head is not masked,
    • 0 indicates the head is masked.
  • inputs_embeds (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size), optional) — Optionally, instead of passing input_ids you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert input_ids indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
  • output_attentions (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See attentions under returned tensors for more detail.
  • output_hidden_states (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See hidden_states under returned tensors for more detail.
  • return_dict (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.
  • labels (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size,), optional) — Labels for computing the sequence classification/regression loss. Indices should be in [0, ..., config.num_labels - 1]. If config.num_labels == 1 a regression loss is computed (Mean-Square loss), If config.num_labels > 1 a classification loss is computed (Cross-Entropy).

Returns

transformers.modeling_outputs.SequenceClassifierOutput or tuple(torch.FloatTensor)

A transformers.modeling_outputs.SequenceClassifierOutput or a tuple of torch.FloatTensor (if return_dict=False is passed or when config.return_dict=False) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (MobileBertConfig) and inputs.

  • loss (torch.FloatTensor of shape (1,), optional, returned when labels is provided) — Classification (or regression if config.num_labels==1) loss.

  • logits (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, config.num_labels)) — Classification (or regression if config.num_labels==1) scores (before SoftMax).

  • hidden_states (tuple(torch.FloatTensor), optional, returned when output_hidden_states=True is passed or when config.output_hidden_states=True) — Tuple of torch.FloatTensor (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, + one for the output of each layer) of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size).

    Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.

  • attentions (tuple(torch.FloatTensor), optional, returned when output_attentions=True is passed or when config.output_attentions=True) — Tuple of torch.FloatTensor (one for each layer) of shape (batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length).

    Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The MobileBertForSequenceClassification forward method, overrides the __call__ special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the Module instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example of single-label classification:

>>> import torch
>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, MobileBertForSequenceClassification

>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("lordtt13/emo-mobilebert")
>>> model = MobileBertForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained("lordtt13/emo-mobilebert")

>>> inputs = tokenizer("Hello, my dog is cute", return_tensors="pt")

>>> with torch.no_grad():
...     logits = model(**inputs).logits

>>> predicted_class_id = logits.argmax().item()
>>> model.config.id2label[predicted_class_id]
'others'

>>> # To train a model on `num_labels` classes, you can pass `num_labels=num_labels` to `.from_pretrained(...)`
>>> num_labels = len(model.config.id2label)
>>> model = MobileBertForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained("lordtt13/emo-mobilebert", num_labels=num_labels)

>>> labels = torch.tensor([1])
>>> loss = model(**inputs, labels=labels).loss
>>> round(loss.item(), 2)
4.72

Example of multi-label classification:

>>> import torch
>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, MobileBertForSequenceClassification

>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("lordtt13/emo-mobilebert")
>>> model = MobileBertForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained("lordtt13/emo-mobilebert", problem_type="multi_label_classification")

>>> inputs = tokenizer("Hello, my dog is cute", return_tensors="pt")

>>> with torch.no_grad():
...     logits = model(**inputs).logits

>>> predicted_class_ids = torch.arange(0, logits.shape[-1])[torch.sigmoid(logits).squeeze(dim=0) > 0.5]

>>> # To train a model on `num_labels` classes, you can pass `num_labels=num_labels` to `.from_pretrained(...)`
>>> num_labels = len(model.config.id2label)
>>> model = MobileBertForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(
...     "lordtt13/emo-mobilebert", num_labels=num_labels, problem_type="multi_label_classification"
... )

>>> labels = torch.sum(
...     torch.nn.functional.one_hot(predicted_class_ids[None, :].clone(), num_classes=num_labels), dim=1
... ).to(torch.float)
>>> loss = model(**inputs, labels=labels).loss

MobileBertForMultipleChoice

class transformers.MobileBertForMultipleChoice

< >

( config )

Parameters

  • config (MobileBertConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

MobileBert Model with a multiple choice classification head on top (a linear layer on top of the pooled output and a softmax) e.g. for RocStories/SWAG tasks.

This model inherits from PreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a PyTorch torch.nn.Module subclass. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

forward

< >

( input_ids: Optional = None attention_mask: Optional = None token_type_ids: Optional = None position_ids: Optional = None head_mask: Optional = None inputs_embeds: Optional = None labels: Optional = None output_attentions: Optional = None output_hidden_states: Optional = None return_dict: Optional = None ) transformers.modeling_outputs.MultipleChoiceModelOutput or tuple(torch.FloatTensor)

Parameters

  • input_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, num_choices, sequence_length)) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

    Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

    What are input IDs?

  • attention_mask (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, num_choices, sequence_length), optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in [0, 1]:

    • 1 for tokens that are not masked,
    • 0 for tokens that are masked.

    What are attention masks?

  • token_type_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, num_choices, sequence_length), optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in [0, 1]:

    • 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
    • 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.

    What are token type IDs?

  • position_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, num_choices, sequence_length), optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range [0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1].

    What are position IDs?

  • head_mask (torch.FloatTensor of shape (num_heads,) or (num_layers, num_heads), optional) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in [0, 1]:

    • 1 indicates the head is not masked,
    • 0 indicates the head is masked.
  • inputs_embeds (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, num_choices, sequence_length, hidden_size), optional) — Optionally, instead of passing input_ids you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert input_ids indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
  • output_attentions (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See attentions under returned tensors for more detail.
  • output_hidden_states (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See hidden_states under returned tensors for more detail.
  • return_dict (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.
  • labels (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size,), optional) — Labels for computing the multiple choice classification loss. Indices should be in [0, ..., num_choices-1] where num_choices is the size of the second dimension of the input tensors. (See input_ids above)

Returns

transformers.modeling_outputs.MultipleChoiceModelOutput or tuple(torch.FloatTensor)

A transformers.modeling_outputs.MultipleChoiceModelOutput or a tuple of torch.FloatTensor (if return_dict=False is passed or when config.return_dict=False) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (MobileBertConfig) and inputs.

  • loss (torch.FloatTensor of shape (1,), optional, returned when labels is provided) — Classification loss.

  • logits (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, num_choices)) — num_choices is the second dimension of the input tensors. (see input_ids above).

    Classification scores (before SoftMax).

  • hidden_states (tuple(torch.FloatTensor), optional, returned when output_hidden_states=True is passed or when config.output_hidden_states=True) — Tuple of torch.FloatTensor (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, + one for the output of each layer) of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size).

    Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.

  • attentions (tuple(torch.FloatTensor), optional, returned when output_attentions=True is passed or when config.output_attentions=True) — Tuple of torch.FloatTensor (one for each layer) of shape (batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length).

    Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The MobileBertForMultipleChoice forward method, overrides the __call__ special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the Module instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, MobileBertForMultipleChoice
>>> import torch

>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google/mobilebert-uncased")
>>> model = MobileBertForMultipleChoice.from_pretrained("google/mobilebert-uncased")

>>> prompt = "In Italy, pizza served in formal settings, such as at a restaurant, is presented unsliced."
>>> choice0 = "It is eaten with a fork and a knife."
>>> choice1 = "It is eaten while held in the hand."
>>> labels = torch.tensor(0).unsqueeze(0)  # choice0 is correct (according to Wikipedia ;)), batch size 1

>>> encoding = tokenizer([prompt, prompt], [choice0, choice1], return_tensors="pt", padding=True)
>>> outputs = model(**{k: v.unsqueeze(0) for k, v in encoding.items()}, labels=labels)  # batch size is 1

>>> # the linear classifier still needs to be trained
>>> loss = outputs.loss
>>> logits = outputs.logits

MobileBertForTokenClassification

class transformers.MobileBertForTokenClassification

< >

( config )

Parameters

  • config (MobileBertConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

MobileBert Model with a token classification head on top (a linear layer on top of the hidden-states output) e.g. for Named-Entity-Recognition (NER) tasks.

This model inherits from PreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a PyTorch torch.nn.Module subclass. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

forward

< >

( input_ids: Optional = None attention_mask: Optional = None token_type_ids: Optional = None position_ids: Optional = None head_mask: Optional = None inputs_embeds: Optional = None labels: Optional = None output_attentions: Optional = None output_hidden_states: Optional = None return_dict: Optional = None ) transformers.modeling_outputs.TokenClassifierOutput or tuple(torch.FloatTensor)

Parameters

  • input_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length)) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

    Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

    What are input IDs?

  • attention_mask (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in [0, 1]:

    • 1 for tokens that are not masked,
    • 0 for tokens that are masked.

    What are attention masks?

  • token_type_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in [0, 1]:

    • 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
    • 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.

    What are token type IDs?

  • position_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range [0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1].

    What are position IDs?

  • head_mask (torch.FloatTensor of shape (num_heads,) or (num_layers, num_heads), optional) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in [0, 1]:

    • 1 indicates the head is not masked,
    • 0 indicates the head is masked.
  • inputs_embeds (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size), optional) — Optionally, instead of passing input_ids you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert input_ids indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
  • output_attentions (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See attentions under returned tensors for more detail.
  • output_hidden_states (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See hidden_states under returned tensors for more detail.
  • return_dict (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.
  • labels (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Labels for computing the token classification loss. Indices should be in [0, ..., config.num_labels - 1].

Returns

transformers.modeling_outputs.TokenClassifierOutput or tuple(torch.FloatTensor)

A transformers.modeling_outputs.TokenClassifierOutput or a tuple of torch.FloatTensor (if return_dict=False is passed or when config.return_dict=False) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (MobileBertConfig) and inputs.

  • loss (torch.FloatTensor of shape (1,), optional, returned when labels is provided) — Classification loss.

  • logits (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, config.num_labels)) — Classification scores (before SoftMax).

  • hidden_states (tuple(torch.FloatTensor), optional, returned when output_hidden_states=True is passed or when config.output_hidden_states=True) — Tuple of torch.FloatTensor (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, + one for the output of each layer) of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size).

    Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.

  • attentions (tuple(torch.FloatTensor), optional, returned when output_attentions=True is passed or when config.output_attentions=True) — Tuple of torch.FloatTensor (one for each layer) of shape (batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length).

    Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The MobileBertForTokenClassification forward method, overrides the __call__ special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the Module instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, MobileBertForTokenClassification
>>> import torch

>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("mrm8488/mobilebert-finetuned-ner")
>>> model = MobileBertForTokenClassification.from_pretrained("mrm8488/mobilebert-finetuned-ner")

>>> inputs = tokenizer(
...     "HuggingFace is a company based in Paris and New York", add_special_tokens=False, return_tensors="pt"
... )

>>> with torch.no_grad():
...     logits = model(**inputs).logits

>>> predicted_token_class_ids = logits.argmax(-1)

>>> # Note that tokens are classified rather then input words which means that
>>> # there might be more predicted token classes than words.
>>> # Multiple token classes might account for the same word
>>> predicted_tokens_classes = [model.config.id2label[t.item()] for t in predicted_token_class_ids[0]]
>>> predicted_tokens_classes
['I-ORG', 'I-ORG', 'O', 'O', 'O', 'O', 'O', 'I-LOC', 'O', 'I-LOC', 'I-LOC']

>>> labels = predicted_token_class_ids
>>> loss = model(**inputs, labels=labels).loss
>>> round(loss.item(), 2)
0.03

MobileBertForQuestionAnswering

class transformers.MobileBertForQuestionAnswering

< >

( config )

Parameters

  • config (MobileBertConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

MobileBert Model with a span classification head on top for extractive question-answering tasks like SQuAD (a linear layers on top of the hidden-states output to compute span start logits and span end logits).

This model inherits from PreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a PyTorch torch.nn.Module subclass. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

forward

< >

( input_ids: Optional = None attention_mask: Optional = None token_type_ids: Optional = None position_ids: Optional = None head_mask: Optional = None inputs_embeds: Optional = None start_positions: Optional = None end_positions: Optional = None output_attentions: Optional = None output_hidden_states: Optional = None return_dict: Optional = None ) transformers.modeling_outputs.QuestionAnsweringModelOutput or tuple(torch.FloatTensor)

Parameters

  • input_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length)) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

    Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

    What are input IDs?

  • attention_mask (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in [0, 1]:

    • 1 for tokens that are not masked,
    • 0 for tokens that are masked.

    What are attention masks?

  • token_type_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in [0, 1]:

    • 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
    • 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.

    What are token type IDs?

  • position_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range [0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1].

    What are position IDs?

  • head_mask (torch.FloatTensor of shape (num_heads,) or (num_layers, num_heads), optional) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in [0, 1]:

    • 1 indicates the head is not masked,
    • 0 indicates the head is masked.
  • inputs_embeds (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size), optional) — Optionally, instead of passing input_ids you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert input_ids indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
  • output_attentions (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See attentions under returned tensors for more detail.
  • output_hidden_states (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See hidden_states under returned tensors for more detail.
  • return_dict (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.
  • start_positions (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size,), optional) — Labels for position (index) of the start of the labelled span for computing the token classification loss. Positions are clamped to the length of the sequence (sequence_length). Position outside of the sequence are not taken into account for computing the loss.
  • end_positions (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size,), optional) — Labels for position (index) of the end of the labelled span for computing the token classification loss. Positions are clamped to the length of the sequence (sequence_length). Position outside of the sequence are not taken into account for computing the loss.

Returns

transformers.modeling_outputs.QuestionAnsweringModelOutput or tuple(torch.FloatTensor)

A transformers.modeling_outputs.QuestionAnsweringModelOutput or a tuple of torch.FloatTensor (if return_dict=False is passed or when config.return_dict=False) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (MobileBertConfig) and inputs.

  • loss (torch.FloatTensor of shape (1,), optional, returned when labels is provided) — Total span extraction loss is the sum of a Cross-Entropy for the start and end positions.

  • start_logits (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length)) — Span-start scores (before SoftMax).

  • end_logits (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length)) — Span-end scores (before SoftMax).

  • hidden_states (tuple(torch.FloatTensor), optional, returned when output_hidden_states=True is passed or when config.output_hidden_states=True) — Tuple of torch.FloatTensor (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, + one for the output of each layer) of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size).

    Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.

  • attentions (tuple(torch.FloatTensor), optional, returned when output_attentions=True is passed or when config.output_attentions=True) — Tuple of torch.FloatTensor (one for each layer) of shape (batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length).

    Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The MobileBertForQuestionAnswering forward method, overrides the __call__ special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the Module instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, MobileBertForQuestionAnswering
>>> import torch

>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("csarron/mobilebert-uncased-squad-v2")
>>> model = MobileBertForQuestionAnswering.from_pretrained("csarron/mobilebert-uncased-squad-v2")

>>> question, text = "Who was Jim Henson?", "Jim Henson was a nice puppet"

>>> inputs = tokenizer(question, text, return_tensors="pt")
>>> with torch.no_grad():
...     outputs = model(**inputs)

>>> answer_start_index = outputs.start_logits.argmax()
>>> answer_end_index = outputs.end_logits.argmax()

>>> predict_answer_tokens = inputs.input_ids[0, answer_start_index : answer_end_index + 1]
>>> tokenizer.decode(predict_answer_tokens, skip_special_tokens=True)
'a nice puppet'

>>> # target is "nice puppet"
>>> target_start_index = torch.tensor([12])
>>> target_end_index = torch.tensor([13])

>>> outputs = model(**inputs, start_positions=target_start_index, end_positions=target_end_index)
>>> loss = outputs.loss
>>> round(loss.item(), 2)
3.98
TensorFlow
Hide TensorFlow content

TFMobileBertModel

class transformers.TFMobileBertModel

< >

( config *inputs **kwargs )

Parameters

  • config (MobileBertConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

The bare MobileBert Model transformer outputting raw hidden-states without any specific head on top.

This model inherits from TFPreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a keras.Model subclass. Use it as a regular TF 2.0 Keras Model and refer to the TF 2.0 documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

TensorFlow models and layers in transformers accept two formats as input:

  • having all inputs as keyword arguments (like PyTorch models), or
  • having all inputs as a list, tuple or dict in the first positional argument.

The reason the second format is supported is that Keras methods prefer this format when passing inputs to models and layers. Because of this support, when using methods like model.fit() things should “just work” for you - just pass your inputs and labels in any format that model.fit() supports! If, however, you want to use the second format outside of Keras methods like fit() and predict(), such as when creating your own layers or models with the Keras Functional API, there are three possibilities you can use to gather all the input Tensors in the first positional argument:

  • a single Tensor with input_ids only and nothing else: model(input_ids)
  • a list of varying length with one or several input Tensors IN THE ORDER given in the docstring: model([input_ids, attention_mask]) or model([input_ids, attention_mask, token_type_ids])
  • a dictionary with one or several input Tensors associated to the input names given in the docstring: model({"input_ids": input_ids, "token_type_ids": token_type_ids})

Note that when creating models and layers with subclassing then you don’t need to worry about any of this, as you can just pass inputs like you would to any other Python function!

call

< >

( input_ids: TFModelInputType | None = None attention_mask: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None token_type_ids: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None position_ids: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None head_mask: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None inputs_embeds: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None return_dict: Optional[bool] = None training: Optional[bool] = False ) transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFBaseModelOutputWithPooling or tuple(tf.Tensor)

Parameters

  • input_ids (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length)) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

    Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.call() and PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() for details.

    What are input IDs?

  • attention_mask (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in [0, 1]:

    • 1 for tokens that are not masked,
    • 0 for tokens that are masked.

    What are attention masks?

  • token_type_ids (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in [0, 1]:

    • 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
    • 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.

    What are token type IDs?

  • position_ids (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range [0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1].

    What are position IDs?

  • head_mask (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (num_heads,) or (num_layers, num_heads), optional) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in [0, 1]:

    • 1 indicates the head is not masked,
    • 0 indicates the head is masked.
  • inputs_embeds (tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size), optional) — Optionally, instead of passing input_ids you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert input_ids indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
  • output_attentions (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See attentions under returned tensors for more detail. This argument can be used only in eager mode, in graph mode the value in the config will be used instead.
  • output_hidden_states (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See hidden_states under returned tensors for more detail. This argument can be used only in eager mode, in graph mode the value in the config will be used instead.
  • return_dict (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple. This argument can be used in eager mode, in graph mode the value will always be set to True.
  • training (bool, optional, defaults to False) — Whether or not to use the model in training mode (some modules like dropout modules have different behaviors between training and evaluation).

Returns

transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFBaseModelOutputWithPooling or tuple(tf.Tensor)

A transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFBaseModelOutputWithPooling or a tuple of tf.Tensor (if return_dict=False is passed or when config.return_dict=False) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (MobileBertConfig) and inputs.

  • last_hidden_state (tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)) — Sequence of hidden-states at the output of the last layer of the model.

  • pooler_output (tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, hidden_size)) — Last layer hidden-state of the first token of the sequence (classification token) further processed by a Linear layer and a Tanh activation function. The Linear layer weights are trained from the next sentence prediction (classification) objective during pretraining.

    This output is usually not a good summary of the semantic content of the input, you’re often better with averaging or pooling the sequence of hidden-states for the whole input sequence.

  • hidden_states (tuple(tf.Tensor), optional, returned when output_hidden_states=True is passed or when config.output_hidden_states=True) — Tuple of tf.Tensor (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size).

    Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.

  • attentions (tuple(tf.Tensor), optional, returned when output_attentions=True is passed or when config.output_attentions=True) — Tuple of tf.Tensor (one for each layer) of shape (batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length).

    Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The TFMobileBertModel forward method, overrides the __call__ special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the Module instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, TFMobileBertModel
>>> import tensorflow as tf

>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google/mobilebert-uncased")
>>> model = TFMobileBertModel.from_pretrained("google/mobilebert-uncased")

>>> inputs = tokenizer("Hello, my dog is cute", return_tensors="tf")
>>> outputs = model(inputs)

>>> last_hidden_states = outputs.last_hidden_state

TFMobileBertForPreTraining

class transformers.TFMobileBertForPreTraining

< >

( config *inputs **kwargs )

Parameters

  • config (MobileBertConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

MobileBert Model with two heads on top as done during the pretraining: a masked language modeling head and a next sentence prediction (classification) head.

This model inherits from TFPreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a keras.Model subclass. Use it as a regular TF 2.0 Keras Model and refer to the TF 2.0 documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

TensorFlow models and layers in transformers accept two formats as input:

  • having all inputs as keyword arguments (like PyTorch models), or
  • having all inputs as a list, tuple or dict in the first positional argument.

The reason the second format is supported is that Keras methods prefer this format when passing inputs to models and layers. Because of this support, when using methods like model.fit() things should “just work” for you - just pass your inputs and labels in any format that model.fit() supports! If, however, you want to use the second format outside of Keras methods like fit() and predict(), such as when creating your own layers or models with the Keras Functional API, there are three possibilities you can use to gather all the input Tensors in the first positional argument:

  • a single Tensor with input_ids only and nothing else: model(input_ids)
  • a list of varying length with one or several input Tensors IN THE ORDER given in the docstring: model([input_ids, attention_mask]) or model([input_ids, attention_mask, token_type_ids])
  • a dictionary with one or several input Tensors associated to the input names given in the docstring: model({"input_ids": input_ids, "token_type_ids": token_type_ids})

Note that when creating models and layers with subclassing then you don’t need to worry about any of this, as you can just pass inputs like you would to any other Python function!

call

< >

( input_ids: TFModelInputType | None = None attention_mask: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None token_type_ids: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None position_ids: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None head_mask: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None inputs_embeds: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None return_dict: Optional[bool] = None labels: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None next_sentence_label: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None training: Optional[bool] = False ) transformers.models.mobilebert.modeling_tf_mobilebert.TFMobileBertForPreTrainingOutput or tuple(tf.Tensor)

Parameters

  • input_ids (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length)) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

    Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.call() and PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() for details.

    What are input IDs?

  • attention_mask (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in [0, 1]:

    • 1 for tokens that are not masked,
    • 0 for tokens that are masked.

    What are attention masks?

  • token_type_ids (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in [0, 1]:

    • 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
    • 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.

    What are token type IDs?

  • position_ids (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range [0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1].

    What are position IDs?

  • head_mask (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (num_heads,) or (num_layers, num_heads), optional) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in [0, 1]:

    • 1 indicates the head is not masked,
    • 0 indicates the head is masked.
  • inputs_embeds (tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size), optional) — Optionally, instead of passing input_ids you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert input_ids indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
  • output_attentions (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See attentions under returned tensors for more detail. This argument can be used only in eager mode, in graph mode the value in the config will be used instead.
  • output_hidden_states (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See hidden_states under returned tensors for more detail. This argument can be used only in eager mode, in graph mode the value in the config will be used instead.
  • return_dict (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple. This argument can be used in eager mode, in graph mode the value will always be set to True.
  • training (bool, optional, defaults to False) — Whether or not to use the model in training mode (some modules like dropout modules have different behaviors between training and evaluation).

Returns

transformers.models.mobilebert.modeling_tf_mobilebert.TFMobileBertForPreTrainingOutput or tuple(tf.Tensor)

A transformers.models.mobilebert.modeling_tf_mobilebert.TFMobileBertForPreTrainingOutput or a tuple of tf.Tensor (if return_dict=False is passed or when config.return_dict=False) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (MobileBertConfig) and inputs.

  • prediction_logits (tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, config.vocab_size)) — Prediction scores of the language modeling head (scores for each vocabulary token before SoftMax).

  • seq_relationship_logits (tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, 2)) — Prediction scores of the next sequence prediction (classification) head (scores of True/False continuation before SoftMax).

  • hidden_states (tuple(tf.Tensor), optional, returned when output_hidden_states=True is passed or when config.output_hidden_states=True) — Tuple of tf.Tensor (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size).

    Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.

  • attentions (tuple(tf.Tensor), optional, returned when output_attentions=True is passed or when config.output_attentions=True) — Tuple of tf.Tensor (one for each layer) of shape (batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length).

    Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The TFMobileBertForPreTraining forward method, overrides the __call__ special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the Module instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Examples:

>>> import tensorflow as tf
>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, TFMobileBertForPreTraining

>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google/mobilebert-uncased")
>>> model = TFMobileBertForPreTraining.from_pretrained("google/mobilebert-uncased")
>>> input_ids = tf.constant(tokenizer.encode("Hello, my dog is cute"))[None, :]  # Batch size 1
>>> outputs = model(input_ids)
>>> prediction_scores, seq_relationship_scores = outputs[:2]

TFMobileBertForMaskedLM

class transformers.TFMobileBertForMaskedLM

< >

( config *inputs **kwargs )

Parameters

  • config (MobileBertConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

MobileBert Model with a language modeling head on top.

This model inherits from TFPreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a keras.Model subclass. Use it as a regular TF 2.0 Keras Model and refer to the TF 2.0 documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

TensorFlow models and layers in transformers accept two formats as input:

  • having all inputs as keyword arguments (like PyTorch models), or
  • having all inputs as a list, tuple or dict in the first positional argument.

The reason the second format is supported is that Keras methods prefer this format when passing inputs to models and layers. Because of this support, when using methods like model.fit() things should “just work” for you - just pass your inputs and labels in any format that model.fit() supports! If, however, you want to use the second format outside of Keras methods like fit() and predict(), such as when creating your own layers or models with the Keras Functional API, there are three possibilities you can use to gather all the input Tensors in the first positional argument:

  • a single Tensor with input_ids only and nothing else: model(input_ids)
  • a list of varying length with one or several input Tensors IN THE ORDER given in the docstring: model([input_ids, attention_mask]) or model([input_ids, attention_mask, token_type_ids])
  • a dictionary with one or several input Tensors associated to the input names given in the docstring: model({"input_ids": input_ids, "token_type_ids": token_type_ids})

Note that when creating models and layers with subclassing then you don’t need to worry about any of this, as you can just pass inputs like you would to any other Python function!

call

< >

( input_ids: TFModelInputType | None = None attention_mask: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None token_type_ids: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None position_ids: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None head_mask: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None inputs_embeds: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None return_dict: Optional[bool] = None labels: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None training: Optional[bool] = False ) transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFMaskedLMOutput or tuple(tf.Tensor)

Parameters

  • input_ids (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length)) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

    Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.call() and PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() for details.

    What are input IDs?

  • attention_mask (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in [0, 1]:

    • 1 for tokens that are not masked,
    • 0 for tokens that are masked.

    What are attention masks?

  • token_type_ids (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in [0, 1]:

    • 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
    • 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.

    What are token type IDs?

  • position_ids (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range [0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1].

    What are position IDs?

  • head_mask (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (num_heads,) or (num_layers, num_heads), optional) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in [0, 1]:

    • 1 indicates the head is not masked,
    • 0 indicates the head is masked.
  • inputs_embeds (tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size), optional) — Optionally, instead of passing input_ids you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert input_ids indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
  • output_attentions (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See attentions under returned tensors for more detail. This argument can be used only in eager mode, in graph mode the value in the config will be used instead.
  • output_hidden_states (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See hidden_states under returned tensors for more detail. This argument can be used only in eager mode, in graph mode the value in the config will be used instead.
  • return_dict (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple. This argument can be used in eager mode, in graph mode the value will always be set to True.
  • training (bool, optional, defaults to False) — Whether or not to use the model in training mode (some modules like dropout modules have different behaviors between training and evaluation).
  • labels (tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Labels for computing the masked language modeling loss. Indices should be in [-100, 0, ..., config.vocab_size] (see input_ids docstring) Tokens with indices set to -100 are ignored (masked), the loss is only computed for the tokens with labels

Returns

transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFMaskedLMOutput or tuple(tf.Tensor)

A transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFMaskedLMOutput or a tuple of tf.Tensor (if return_dict=False is passed or when config.return_dict=False) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (MobileBertConfig) and inputs.

  • loss (tf.Tensor of shape (n,), optional, where n is the number of non-masked labels, returned when labels is provided) — Masked language modeling (MLM) loss.

  • logits (tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, config.vocab_size)) — Prediction scores of the language modeling head (scores for each vocabulary token before SoftMax).

  • hidden_states (tuple(tf.Tensor), optional, returned when output_hidden_states=True is passed or when config.output_hidden_states=True) — Tuple of tf.Tensor (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size).

    Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.

  • attentions (tuple(tf.Tensor), optional, returned when output_attentions=True is passed or when config.output_attentions=True) — Tuple of tf.Tensor (one for each layer) of shape (batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length).

    Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The TFMobileBertForMaskedLM forward method, overrides the __call__ special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the Module instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, TFMobileBertForMaskedLM
>>> import tensorflow as tf

>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google/mobilebert-uncased")
>>> model = TFMobileBertForMaskedLM.from_pretrained("google/mobilebert-uncased")

>>> inputs = tokenizer("The capital of France is [MASK].", return_tensors="tf")
>>> logits = model(**inputs).logits

>>> # retrieve index of [MASK]
>>> mask_token_index = tf.where((inputs.input_ids == tokenizer.mask_token_id)[0])
>>> selected_logits = tf.gather_nd(logits[0], indices=mask_token_index)

>>> predicted_token_id = tf.math.argmax(selected_logits, axis=-1)
>>> tokenizer.decode(predicted_token_id)
'paris'
>>> labels = tokenizer("The capital of France is Paris.", return_tensors="tf")["input_ids"]
>>> # mask labels of non-[MASK] tokens
>>> labels = tf.where(inputs.input_ids == tokenizer.mask_token_id, labels, -100)

>>> outputs = model(**inputs, labels=labels)
>>> round(float(outputs.loss), 2)
0.57

TFMobileBertForNextSentencePrediction

class transformers.TFMobileBertForNextSentencePrediction

< >

( config *inputs **kwargs )

Parameters

  • config (MobileBertConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

MobileBert Model with a next sentence prediction (classification) head on top.

This model inherits from TFPreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a keras.Model subclass. Use it as a regular TF 2.0 Keras Model and refer to the TF 2.0 documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

TensorFlow models and layers in transformers accept two formats as input:

  • having all inputs as keyword arguments (like PyTorch models), or
  • having all inputs as a list, tuple or dict in the first positional argument.

The reason the second format is supported is that Keras methods prefer this format when passing inputs to models and layers. Because of this support, when using methods like model.fit() things should “just work” for you - just pass your inputs and labels in any format that model.fit() supports! If, however, you want to use the second format outside of Keras methods like fit() and predict(), such as when creating your own layers or models with the Keras Functional API, there are three possibilities you can use to gather all the input Tensors in the first positional argument:

  • a single Tensor with input_ids only and nothing else: model(input_ids)
  • a list of varying length with one or several input Tensors IN THE ORDER given in the docstring: model([input_ids, attention_mask]) or model([input_ids, attention_mask, token_type_ids])
  • a dictionary with one or several input Tensors associated to the input names given in the docstring: model({"input_ids": input_ids, "token_type_ids": token_type_ids})

Note that when creating models and layers with subclassing then you don’t need to worry about any of this, as you can just pass inputs like you would to any other Python function!

call

< >

( input_ids: TFModelInputType | None = None attention_mask: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None token_type_ids: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None position_ids: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None head_mask: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None inputs_embeds: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None return_dict: Optional[bool] = None next_sentence_label: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None training: Optional[bool] = False ) transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFNextSentencePredictorOutput or tuple(tf.Tensor)

Parameters

  • input_ids (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length)) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

    Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.call() and PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() for details.

    What are input IDs?

  • attention_mask (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in [0, 1]:

    • 1 for tokens that are not masked,
    • 0 for tokens that are masked.

    What are attention masks?

  • token_type_ids (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in [0, 1]:

    • 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
    • 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.

    What are token type IDs?

  • position_ids (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range [0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1].

    What are position IDs?

  • head_mask (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (num_heads,) or (num_layers, num_heads), optional) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in [0, 1]:

    • 1 indicates the head is not masked,
    • 0 indicates the head is masked.
  • inputs_embeds (tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size), optional) — Optionally, instead of passing input_ids you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert input_ids indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
  • output_attentions (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See attentions under returned tensors for more detail. This argument can be used only in eager mode, in graph mode the value in the config will be used instead.
  • output_hidden_states (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See hidden_states under returned tensors for more detail. This argument can be used only in eager mode, in graph mode the value in the config will be used instead.
  • return_dict (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple. This argument can be used in eager mode, in graph mode the value will always be set to True.
  • training (bool, optional, defaults to False) — Whether or not to use the model in training mode (some modules like dropout modules have different behaviors between training and evaluation).

Returns

transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFNextSentencePredictorOutput or tuple(tf.Tensor)

A transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFNextSentencePredictorOutput or a tuple of tf.Tensor (if return_dict=False is passed or when config.return_dict=False) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (MobileBertConfig) and inputs.

  • loss (tf.Tensor of shape (n,), optional, where n is the number of non-masked labels, returned when next_sentence_label is provided) — Next sentence prediction loss.

  • logits (tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, 2)) — Prediction scores of the next sequence prediction (classification) head (scores of True/False continuation before SoftMax).

  • hidden_states (tuple(tf.Tensor), optional, returned when output_hidden_states=True is passed or when config.output_hidden_states=True) — Tuple of tf.Tensor (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size).

    Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.

  • attentions (tuple(tf.Tensor), optional, returned when output_attentions=True is passed or when config.output_attentions=True) — Tuple of tf.Tensor (one for each layer) of shape (batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length).

    Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The TFMobileBertForNextSentencePrediction forward method, overrides the __call__ special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the Module instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Examples:

>>> import tensorflow as tf
>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, TFMobileBertForNextSentencePrediction

>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google/mobilebert-uncased")
>>> model = TFMobileBertForNextSentencePrediction.from_pretrained("google/mobilebert-uncased")

>>> prompt = "In Italy, pizza served in formal settings, such as at a restaurant, is presented unsliced."
>>> next_sentence = "The sky is blue due to the shorter wavelength of blue light."
>>> encoding = tokenizer(prompt, next_sentence, return_tensors="tf")

>>> logits = model(encoding["input_ids"], token_type_ids=encoding["token_type_ids"])[0]

TFMobileBertForSequenceClassification

class transformers.TFMobileBertForSequenceClassification

< >

( config *inputs **kwargs )

Parameters

  • config (MobileBertConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

MobileBert Model transformer with a sequence classification/regression head on top (a linear layer on top of the pooled output) e.g. for GLUE tasks.

This model inherits from TFPreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a keras.Model subclass. Use it as a regular TF 2.0 Keras Model and refer to the TF 2.0 documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

TensorFlow models and layers in transformers accept two formats as input:

  • having all inputs as keyword arguments (like PyTorch models), or
  • having all inputs as a list, tuple or dict in the first positional argument.

The reason the second format is supported is that Keras methods prefer this format when passing inputs to models and layers. Because of this support, when using methods like model.fit() things should “just work” for you - just pass your inputs and labels in any format that model.fit() supports! If, however, you want to use the second format outside of Keras methods like fit() and predict(), such as when creating your own layers or models with the Keras Functional API, there are three possibilities you can use to gather all the input Tensors in the first positional argument:

  • a single Tensor with input_ids only and nothing else: model(input_ids)
  • a list of varying length with one or several input Tensors IN THE ORDER given in the docstring: model([input_ids, attention_mask]) or model([input_ids, attention_mask, token_type_ids])
  • a dictionary with one or several input Tensors associated to the input names given in the docstring: model({"input_ids": input_ids, "token_type_ids": token_type_ids})

Note that when creating models and layers with subclassing then you don’t need to worry about any of this, as you can just pass inputs like you would to any other Python function!

call

< >

( input_ids: TFModelInputType | None = None attention_mask: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None token_type_ids: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None position_ids: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None head_mask: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None inputs_embeds: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None return_dict: Optional[bool] = None labels: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None training: Optional[bool] = False ) transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFSequenceClassifierOutput or tuple(tf.Tensor)

Parameters

  • input_ids (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length)) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

    Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.call() and PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() for details.

    What are input IDs?

  • attention_mask (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in [0, 1]:

    • 1 for tokens that are not masked,
    • 0 for tokens that are masked.

    What are attention masks?

  • token_type_ids (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in [0, 1]:

    • 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
    • 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.

    What are token type IDs?

  • position_ids (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range [0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1].

    What are position IDs?

  • head_mask (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (num_heads,) or (num_layers, num_heads), optional) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in [0, 1]:

    • 1 indicates the head is not masked,
    • 0 indicates the head is masked.
  • inputs_embeds (tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size), optional) — Optionally, instead of passing input_ids you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert input_ids indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
  • output_attentions (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See attentions under returned tensors for more detail. This argument can be used only in eager mode, in graph mode the value in the config will be used instead.
  • output_hidden_states (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See hidden_states under returned tensors for more detail. This argument can be used only in eager mode, in graph mode the value in the config will be used instead.
  • return_dict (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple. This argument can be used in eager mode, in graph mode the value will always be set to True.
  • training (bool, optional, defaults to False) — Whether or not to use the model in training mode (some modules like dropout modules have different behaviors between training and evaluation).
  • labels (tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size,), optional) — Labels for computing the sequence classification/regression loss. Indices should be in [0, ..., config.num_labels - 1]. If config.num_labels == 1 a regression loss is computed (Mean-Square loss), If config.num_labels > 1 a classification loss is computed (Cross-Entropy).

Returns

transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFSequenceClassifierOutput or tuple(tf.Tensor)

A transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFSequenceClassifierOutput or a tuple of tf.Tensor (if return_dict=False is passed or when config.return_dict=False) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (MobileBertConfig) and inputs.

  • loss (tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, ), optional, returned when labels is provided) — Classification (or regression if config.num_labels==1) loss.

  • logits (tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, config.num_labels)) — Classification (or regression if config.num_labels==1) scores (before SoftMax).

  • hidden_states (tuple(tf.Tensor), optional, returned when output_hidden_states=True is passed or when config.output_hidden_states=True) — Tuple of tf.Tensor (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size).

    Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.

  • attentions (tuple(tf.Tensor), optional, returned when output_attentions=True is passed or when config.output_attentions=True) — Tuple of tf.Tensor (one for each layer) of shape (batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length).

    Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The TFMobileBertForSequenceClassification forward method, overrides the __call__ special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the Module instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, TFMobileBertForSequenceClassification
>>> import tensorflow as tf

>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("vumichien/emo-mobilebert")
>>> model = TFMobileBertForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained("vumichien/emo-mobilebert")

>>> inputs = tokenizer("Hello, my dog is cute", return_tensors="tf")

>>> logits = model(**inputs).logits

>>> predicted_class_id = int(tf.math.argmax(logits, axis=-1)[0])
>>> model.config.id2label[predicted_class_id]
'others'
>>> # To train a model on `num_labels` classes, you can pass `num_labels=num_labels` to `.from_pretrained(...)`
>>> num_labels = len(model.config.id2label)
>>> model = TFMobileBertForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained("vumichien/emo-mobilebert", num_labels=num_labels)

>>> labels = tf.constant(1)
>>> loss = model(**inputs, labels=labels).loss
>>> round(float(loss), 2)
4.72

TFMobileBertForMultipleChoice

class transformers.TFMobileBertForMultipleChoice

< >

( config *inputs **kwargs )

Parameters

  • config (MobileBertConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

MobileBert Model with a multiple choice classification head on top (a linear layer on top of the pooled output and a softmax) e.g. for RocStories/SWAG tasks.

This model inherits from TFPreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a keras.Model subclass. Use it as a regular TF 2.0 Keras Model and refer to the TF 2.0 documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

TensorFlow models and layers in transformers accept two formats as input:

  • having all inputs as keyword arguments (like PyTorch models), or
  • having all inputs as a list, tuple or dict in the first positional argument.

The reason the second format is supported is that Keras methods prefer this format when passing inputs to models and layers. Because of this support, when using methods like model.fit() things should “just work” for you - just pass your inputs and labels in any format that model.fit() supports! If, however, you want to use the second format outside of Keras methods like fit() and predict(), such as when creating your own layers or models with the Keras Functional API, there are three possibilities you can use to gather all the input Tensors in the first positional argument:

  • a single Tensor with input_ids only and nothing else: model(input_ids)
  • a list of varying length with one or several input Tensors IN THE ORDER given in the docstring: model([input_ids, attention_mask]) or model([input_ids, attention_mask, token_type_ids])
  • a dictionary with one or several input Tensors associated to the input names given in the docstring: model({"input_ids": input_ids, "token_type_ids": token_type_ids})

Note that when creating models and layers with subclassing then you don’t need to worry about any of this, as you can just pass inputs like you would to any other Python function!

call

< >

( input_ids: TFModelInputType | None = None attention_mask: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None token_type_ids: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None position_ids: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None head_mask: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None inputs_embeds: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None return_dict: Optional[bool] = None labels: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None training: Optional[bool] = False ) transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFMultipleChoiceModelOutput or tuple(tf.Tensor)

Parameters

  • input_ids (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, num_choices, sequence_length)) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

    Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.call() and PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() for details.

    What are input IDs?

  • attention_mask (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, num_choices, sequence_length), optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in [0, 1]:

    • 1 for tokens that are not masked,
    • 0 for tokens that are masked.

    What are attention masks?

  • token_type_ids (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, num_choices, sequence_length), optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in [0, 1]:

    • 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
    • 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.

    What are token type IDs?

  • position_ids (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, num_choices, sequence_length), optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range [0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1].

    What are position IDs?

  • head_mask (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (num_heads,) or (num_layers, num_heads), optional) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in [0, 1]:

    • 1 indicates the head is not masked,
    • 0 indicates the head is masked.
  • inputs_embeds (tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, num_choices, sequence_length, hidden_size), optional) — Optionally, instead of passing input_ids you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert input_ids indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
  • output_attentions (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See attentions under returned tensors for more detail. This argument can be used only in eager mode, in graph mode the value in the config will be used instead.
  • output_hidden_states (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See hidden_states under returned tensors for more detail. This argument can be used only in eager mode, in graph mode the value in the config will be used instead.
  • return_dict (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple. This argument can be used in eager mode, in graph mode the value will always be set to True.
  • training (bool, optional, defaults to False) — Whether or not to use the model in training mode (some modules like dropout modules have different behaviors between training and evaluation).
  • labels (tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size,), optional) — Labels for computing the multiple choice classification loss. Indices should be in [0, ..., num_choices] where num_choices is the size of the second dimension of the input tensors. (See input_ids above)

Returns

transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFMultipleChoiceModelOutput or tuple(tf.Tensor)

A transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFMultipleChoiceModelOutput or a tuple of tf.Tensor (if return_dict=False is passed or when config.return_dict=False) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (MobileBertConfig) and inputs.

  • loss (tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, ), optional, returned when labels is provided) — Classification loss.

  • logits (tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, num_choices)) — num_choices is the second dimension of the input tensors. (see input_ids above).

    Classification scores (before SoftMax).

  • hidden_states (tuple(tf.Tensor), optional, returned when output_hidden_states=True is passed or when config.output_hidden_states=True) — Tuple of tf.Tensor (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size).

    Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.

  • attentions (tuple(tf.Tensor), optional, returned when output_attentions=True is passed or when config.output_attentions=True) — Tuple of tf.Tensor (one for each layer) of shape (batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length).

    Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The TFMobileBertForMultipleChoice forward method, overrides the __call__ special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the Module instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, TFMobileBertForMultipleChoice
>>> import tensorflow as tf

>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google/mobilebert-uncased")
>>> model = TFMobileBertForMultipleChoice.from_pretrained("google/mobilebert-uncased")

>>> prompt = "In Italy, pizza served in formal settings, such as at a restaurant, is presented unsliced."
>>> choice0 = "It is eaten with a fork and a knife."
>>> choice1 = "It is eaten while held in the hand."

>>> encoding = tokenizer([prompt, prompt], [choice0, choice1], return_tensors="tf", padding=True)
>>> inputs = {k: tf.expand_dims(v, 0) for k, v in encoding.items()}
>>> outputs = model(inputs)  # batch size is 1

>>> # the linear classifier still needs to be trained
>>> logits = outputs.logits

TFMobileBertForTokenClassification

class transformers.TFMobileBertForTokenClassification

< >

( config *inputs **kwargs )

Parameters

  • config (MobileBertConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

MobileBert Model with a token classification head on top (a linear layer on top of the hidden-states output) e.g. for Named-Entity-Recognition (NER) tasks.

This model inherits from TFPreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a keras.Model subclass. Use it as a regular TF 2.0 Keras Model and refer to the TF 2.0 documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

TensorFlow models and layers in transformers accept two formats as input:

  • having all inputs as keyword arguments (like PyTorch models), or
  • having all inputs as a list, tuple or dict in the first positional argument.

The reason the second format is supported is that Keras methods prefer this format when passing inputs to models and layers. Because of this support, when using methods like model.fit() things should “just work” for you - just pass your inputs and labels in any format that model.fit() supports! If, however, you want to use the second format outside of Keras methods like fit() and predict(), such as when creating your own layers or models with the Keras Functional API, there are three possibilities you can use to gather all the input Tensors in the first positional argument:

  • a single Tensor with input_ids only and nothing else: model(input_ids)
  • a list of varying length with one or several input Tensors IN THE ORDER given in the docstring: model([input_ids, attention_mask]) or model([input_ids, attention_mask, token_type_ids])
  • a dictionary with one or several input Tensors associated to the input names given in the docstring: model({"input_ids": input_ids, "token_type_ids": token_type_ids})

Note that when creating models and layers with subclassing then you don’t need to worry about any of this, as you can just pass inputs like you would to any other Python function!

call

< >

( input_ids: TFModelInputType | None = None attention_mask: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None token_type_ids: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None position_ids: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None head_mask: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None inputs_embeds: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None return_dict: Optional[bool] = None labels: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None training: Optional[bool] = False ) transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFTokenClassifierOutput or tuple(tf.Tensor)

Parameters

  • input_ids (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length)) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

    Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.call() and PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() for details.

    What are input IDs?

  • attention_mask (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in [0, 1]:

    • 1 for tokens that are not masked,
    • 0 for tokens that are masked.

    What are attention masks?

  • token_type_ids (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in [0, 1]:

    • 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
    • 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.

    What are token type IDs?

  • position_ids (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range [0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1].

    What are position IDs?

  • head_mask (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (num_heads,) or (num_layers, num_heads), optional) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in [0, 1]:

    • 1 indicates the head is not masked,
    • 0 indicates the head is masked.
  • inputs_embeds (tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size), optional) — Optionally, instead of passing input_ids you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert input_ids indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
  • output_attentions (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See attentions under returned tensors for more detail. This argument can be used only in eager mode, in graph mode the value in the config will be used instead.
  • output_hidden_states (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See hidden_states under returned tensors for more detail. This argument can be used only in eager mode, in graph mode the value in the config will be used instead.
  • return_dict (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple. This argument can be used in eager mode, in graph mode the value will always be set to True.
  • training (bool, optional, defaults to False) — Whether or not to use the model in training mode (some modules like dropout modules have different behaviors between training and evaluation).
  • labels (tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Labels for computing the token classification loss. Indices should be in [0, ..., config.num_labels - 1].

Returns

transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFTokenClassifierOutput or tuple(tf.Tensor)

A transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFTokenClassifierOutput or a tuple of tf.Tensor (if return_dict=False is passed or when config.return_dict=False) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (MobileBertConfig) and inputs.

  • loss (tf.Tensor of shape (n,), optional, where n is the number of unmasked labels, returned when labels is provided) — Classification loss.

  • logits (tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, config.num_labels)) — Classification scores (before SoftMax).

  • hidden_states (tuple(tf.Tensor), optional, returned when output_hidden_states=True is passed or when config.output_hidden_states=True) — Tuple of tf.Tensor (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size).

    Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.

  • attentions (tuple(tf.Tensor), optional, returned when output_attentions=True is passed or when config.output_attentions=True) — Tuple of tf.Tensor (one for each layer) of shape (batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length).

    Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The TFMobileBertForTokenClassification forward method, overrides the __call__ special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the Module instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, TFMobileBertForTokenClassification
>>> import tensorflow as tf

>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("vumichien/mobilebert-finetuned-ner")
>>> model = TFMobileBertForTokenClassification.from_pretrained("vumichien/mobilebert-finetuned-ner")

>>> inputs = tokenizer(
...     "HuggingFace is a company based in Paris and New York", add_special_tokens=False, return_tensors="tf"
... )

>>> logits = model(**inputs).logits
>>> predicted_token_class_ids = tf.math.argmax(logits, axis=-1)

>>> # Note that tokens are classified rather then input words which means that
>>> # there might be more predicted token classes than words.
>>> # Multiple token classes might account for the same word
>>> predicted_tokens_classes = [model.config.id2label[t] for t in predicted_token_class_ids[0].numpy().tolist()]
>>> predicted_tokens_classes
['I-ORG', 'I-ORG', 'O', 'O', 'O', 'O', 'O', 'I-LOC', 'O', 'I-LOC', 'I-LOC']
>>> labels = predicted_token_class_ids
>>> loss = tf.math.reduce_mean(model(**inputs, labels=labels).loss)
>>> round(float(loss), 2)
0.03

TFMobileBertForQuestionAnswering

class transformers.TFMobileBertForQuestionAnswering

< >

( config *inputs **kwargs )

Parameters

  • config (MobileBertConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

MobileBert Model with a span classification head on top for extractive question-answering tasks like SQuAD (a linear layers on top of the hidden-states output to compute span start logits and span end logits).

This model inherits from TFPreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a keras.Model subclass. Use it as a regular TF 2.0 Keras Model and refer to the TF 2.0 documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

TensorFlow models and layers in transformers accept two formats as input:

  • having all inputs as keyword arguments (like PyTorch models), or
  • having all inputs as a list, tuple or dict in the first positional argument.

The reason the second format is supported is that Keras methods prefer this format when passing inputs to models and layers. Because of this support, when using methods like model.fit() things should “just work” for you - just pass your inputs and labels in any format that model.fit() supports! If, however, you want to use the second format outside of Keras methods like fit() and predict(), such as when creating your own layers or models with the Keras Functional API, there are three possibilities you can use to gather all the input Tensors in the first positional argument:

  • a single Tensor with input_ids only and nothing else: model(input_ids)
  • a list of varying length with one or several input Tensors IN THE ORDER given in the docstring: model([input_ids, attention_mask]) or model([input_ids, attention_mask, token_type_ids])
  • a dictionary with one or several input Tensors associated to the input names given in the docstring: model({"input_ids": input_ids, "token_type_ids": token_type_ids})

Note that when creating models and layers with subclassing then you don’t need to worry about any of this, as you can just pass inputs like you would to any other Python function!

call

< >

( input_ids: TFModelInputType | None = None attention_mask: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None token_type_ids: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None position_ids: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None head_mask: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None inputs_embeds: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None return_dict: Optional[bool] = None start_positions: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None end_positions: np.ndarray | tf.Tensor | None = None training: Optional[bool] = False ) transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFQuestionAnsweringModelOutput or tuple(tf.Tensor)

Parameters

  • input_ids (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length)) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

    Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.call() and PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() for details.

    What are input IDs?

  • attention_mask (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in [0, 1]:

    • 1 for tokens that are not masked,
    • 0 for tokens that are masked.

    What are attention masks?

  • token_type_ids (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in [0, 1]:

    • 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
    • 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.

    What are token type IDs?

  • position_ids (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range [0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1].

    What are position IDs?

  • head_mask (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (num_heads,) or (num_layers, num_heads), optional) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in [0, 1]:

    • 1 indicates the head is not masked,
    • 0 indicates the head is masked.
  • inputs_embeds (tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size), optional) — Optionally, instead of passing input_ids you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert input_ids indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
  • output_attentions (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See attentions under returned tensors for more detail. This argument can be used only in eager mode, in graph mode the value in the config will be used instead.
  • output_hidden_states (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See hidden_states under returned tensors for more detail. This argument can be used only in eager mode, in graph mode the value in the config will be used instead.
  • return_dict (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple. This argument can be used in eager mode, in graph mode the value will always be set to True.
  • training (bool, optional, defaults to False) — Whether or not to use the model in training mode (some modules like dropout modules have different behaviors between training and evaluation).
  • start_positions (tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size,), optional) — Labels for position (index) of the start of the labelled span for computing the token classification loss. Positions are clamped to the length of the sequence (sequence_length). Position outside of the sequence are not taken into account for computing the loss.
  • end_positions (tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size,), optional) — Labels for position (index) of the end of the labelled span for computing the token classification loss. Positions are clamped to the length of the sequence (sequence_length). Position outside of the sequence are not taken into account for computing the loss.

Returns

transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFQuestionAnsweringModelOutput or tuple(tf.Tensor)

A transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFQuestionAnsweringModelOutput or a tuple of tf.Tensor (if return_dict=False is passed or when config.return_dict=False) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (MobileBertConfig) and inputs.

  • loss (tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, ), optional, returned when start_positions and end_positions are provided) — Total span extraction loss is the sum of a Cross-Entropy for the start and end positions.

  • start_logits (tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length)) — Span-start scores (before SoftMax).

  • end_logits (tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length)) — Span-end scores (before SoftMax).

  • hidden_states (tuple(tf.Tensor), optional, returned when output_hidden_states=True is passed or when config.output_hidden_states=True) — Tuple of tf.Tensor (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size).

    Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.

  • attentions (tuple(tf.Tensor), optional, returned when output_attentions=True is passed or when config.output_attentions=True) — Tuple of tf.Tensor (one for each layer) of shape (batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length).

    Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The TFMobileBertForQuestionAnswering forward method, overrides the __call__ special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the Module instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, TFMobileBertForQuestionAnswering
>>> import tensorflow as tf

>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("vumichien/mobilebert-uncased-squad-v2")
>>> model = TFMobileBertForQuestionAnswering.from_pretrained("vumichien/mobilebert-uncased-squad-v2")

>>> question, text = "Who was Jim Henson?", "Jim Henson was a nice puppet"

>>> inputs = tokenizer(question, text, return_tensors="tf")
>>> outputs = model(**inputs)

>>> answer_start_index = int(tf.math.argmax(outputs.start_logits, axis=-1)[0])
>>> answer_end_index = int(tf.math.argmax(outputs.end_logits, axis=-1)[0])

>>> predict_answer_tokens = inputs.input_ids[0, answer_start_index : answer_end_index + 1]
>>> tokenizer.decode(predict_answer_tokens)
'a nice puppet'
>>> # target is "nice puppet"
>>> target_start_index = tf.constant([12])
>>> target_end_index = tf.constant([13])

>>> outputs = model(**inputs, start_positions=target_start_index, end_positions=target_end_index)
>>> loss = tf.math.reduce_mean(outputs.loss)
>>> round(float(loss), 2)
3.98
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