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id int64 39 79M	url stringlengths 32 168	text stringlengths 7 145k	source stringlengths 2 105	categories listlengths 1 6	token_count int64 3 32.2k	subcategories listlengths 0 27
2,410,571	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler%20problem	In classical mechanics, the Kepler problem is a special case of the two-body problem, in which the two bodies interact by a central force that varies in strength as the inverse square of the distance between them. The force may be either attractive or repulsive. The problem is to find the position or speed of the two...	Kepler problem	[ "Physics" ]	1,076	[ "Mechanics", "Classical mechanics" ]
2,411,486	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic%20lubrication	Acoustic lubrication or sonic lubrication occurs when sound (measurable in a vacuum by placing a microphone on one element of the sliding system) permits vibration to introduce separation between the sliding faces. This could happen between two plates or between a series of particles. The frequency of sound required ...	Acoustic lubrication	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	435	[ "Mechanical engineering", "Mechanics", "Classical mechanics", "Acoustics" ]
2,413,037	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolated%20system	In physical science, an isolated system is either of the following: a physical system so far removed from other systems that it does not interact with them. a thermodynamic system enclosed by rigid immovable walls through which neither mass nor energy can pass. Though subject internally to its own gravity, an isolat...	Isolated system	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	951	[ "Physical systems", "Thermodynamic systems", "Thermodynamics", "Dynamical systems" ]
2,414,080	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degree%20of%20polymerization	The degree of polymerization, or DP, is the number of monomeric units in a macromolecule or polymer or oligomer molecule. For a homopolymer, there is only one type of monomeric unit and the number-average degree of polymerization is given by , where is the number-average molecular weight and is the molecular weight ...	Degree of polymerization	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	724	[ "Materials science", "Polymer chemistry" ]
7,765,005	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenske%20equation	The Fenske equation in continuous fractional distillation is an equation used for calculating the minimum number of theoretical plates required for the separation of a binary feed stream by a fractionation column that is being operated at total reflux (i.e., which means that no overhead product distillate is being with...	Fenske equation	[ "Chemistry", "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	660	[ "Separation processes", "Chemical engineering", "Mathematical objects", "Equations", "Distillation", "nan" ]
7,768,355	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fas%20receptor	The Fas receptor, also known as Fas, FasR, apoptosis antigen 1 (APO-1 or APT), cluster of differentiation 95 (CD95) or tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 (TNFRSF6), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FAS gene. Fas was first identified using a monoclonal antibody generated by immunizing mice...	Fas receptor	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,578	[ "Immune system", "Signal transduction", "Senescence", "Organ systems", "Biochemistry", "Neurochemistry", "Programmed cell death" ]
4,477,636	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraluminous%20X-ray%20source	In astronomy and astrophysics, an ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) is less luminous than an active galactic nucleus but more consistently luminous than any known stellar process (over 1039 erg/s, or 1032 watts), assuming that it radiates isotropically (the same in all directions). Typically there is about one ULX per g...	Ultraluminous X-ray source	[ "Astronomy" ]	1,652	[ "Astronomical X-ray sources", "Astronomical objects", "Astronomical sub-disciplines", "X-ray astronomy" ]
4,477,923	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc%20mapping	Arc mapping is a technique used in fire investigation that relies on finding the locations of electrical arcs and other electrical faults that occurred during a fire; the locations of the electrical faults can then, under some circumstances, indicate the progression of the fire over time. It is usually performed by a ...	Arc mapping	[ "Chemistry" ]	706	[ "Combustion", "Fire" ]
4,478,605	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization%20for%20Women%20in%20Science%20for%20the%20Developing%20World	The Organization for Women in Science for the Developing World (OWSD) is an international organisation that provides research training, career development and networking opportunities for women scientists throughout the developing world at different stages in their career. It was founded in 1987 and was officially laun...	Organization for Women in Science for the Developing World	[ "Technology" ]	1,761	[ "Organizations for women in science and technology", "Women in science and technology" ]
4,479,365	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream%20ecology	Stream ecology is the scientific study of the aquatic species, their interactions with one another, and their connection with the biological, chemical, and physical processes from multiple dimensions within streams. Streams display great variability in their force and generate spatial and temporal gradients in abiotic ...	Stream ecology	[ "Biology" ]	1,646	[ "Aquatic ecology", "Ecosystems" ]
4,480,666	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramic%20engineering	Ceramic engineering is the science and technology of creating objects from inorganic, non-metallic materials. This is done either by the action of heat, or at lower temperatures using precipitation reactions from high-purity chemical solutions. The term includes the purification of raw materials, the study and producti...	Ceramic engineering	[ "Physics", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	7,976	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Materials science", "Ceramic materials", "nan", "Ceramic engineering" ]
4,481,005	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cole%E2%80%93Cole%20equation	The Cole–Cole equation is a relaxation model that is often used to describe dielectric relaxation in polymers. It is given by the equation where is the complex dielectric constant, and are the "static" and "infinite frequency" dielectric constants, is the angular frequency and is a dielectric relaxation time co...	Cole–Cole equation	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	359	[ "Condensed matter physics", "Electric and magnetic fields in matter", "Materials science" ]
4,481,194	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Response%20surface%20methodology	In statistics, response surface methodology (RSM) explores the relationships between several explanatory variables and one or more response variables. RSM is an empirical model which employs the use of mathematical and statistical techniques to relate input variables, otherwise known as factors, to the response. RSM be...	Response surface methodology	[ "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	1,003	[ "Systems engineering", "Mathematical analysis", "Statistical process control", "Industrial engineering", "Engineering statistics", "Mathematical optimization" ]
4,481,904	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van%20%27t%20Hoff%20equation	The Van 't Hoff equation relates the change in the equilibrium constant, , of a chemical reaction to the change in temperature, T, given the standard enthalpy change, , for the process. The subscript means "reaction" and the superscript means "standard". It was proposed by Dutch chemist Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff i...	Van 't Hoff equation	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	2,337	[ "Thermochemistry", "Eponymous equations of physics", "Equations of physics", "Equilibrium chemistry" ]
4,482,505	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frascati%20Tokamak%20Upgrade	The Frascati Tokamak Upgrade (FTU) is a tokamak operating at Frascati, Italy. Building on the Frascati Tokamak experiment, FTU is a compact, high-magnetic-field tokamak (Btor = 8 Tesla ). It began operation in 1990 and has since achieved operating goals of 1.6 MA at 8 T and average electron density greater than 4 per c...	Frascati Tokamak Upgrade	[ "Physics" ]	117	[ "Plasma physics stubs", "Plasma physics" ]
4,482,716	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolic%20waste	Metabolic wastes or excrements are substances left over from metabolic processes (such as cellular respiration) which cannot be used by the organism (they are surplus or toxic), and must therefore be excreted. This includes nitrogen compounds, water, CO2, phosphates, sulphates, etc. Animals treat these compounds as exc...	Metabolic waste	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	961	[ "Excretion", "Materials", "Cellular processes", "Biochemistry", "Waste", "Metabolism", "Matter" ]
25,010	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton%E2%80%93proton%20chain	The proton–proton chain, also commonly referred to as the chain, is one of two known sets of nuclear fusion reactions by which stars convert hydrogen to helium. It dominates in stars with masses less than or equal to that of the Sun, whereas the CNO cycle, the other known reaction, is suggested by theoretical models t...	Proton–proton chain	[ "Chemistry" ]	2,582	[ "Nuclear fusion", "Nuclear fusion reactions" ]
25,021	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl%20Index	The Pearl Index, also called the Pearl rate, is the most common technique used in clinical trials for reporting the effectiveness of a birth control method. It is a very approximate measure of the number of unintended pregnancies in 100 woman-years of exposure that is simple to calculate, but has a number of methodolog...	Pearl Index	[ "Biology" ]	787	[ "Methods of birth control", "Medical technology" ]
25,178	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications%20of%20quantum%20mechanics	Quantum physics is a branch of modern physics in which energy and matter are described at their most fundamental level, that of energy quanta, elementary particles, and quantum fields. Quantum physics encompasses any discipline concerned with systems that exhibit notable quantum-mechanical effects, where waves have pro...	Applications of quantum mechanics	[ "Physics" ]	1,130	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Quantum mechanics", "Applications of quantum mechanics" ]
25,182	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantization%20%28physics%29	Quantization (in British English quantisation) is the systematic transition procedure from a classical understanding of physical phenomena to a newer understanding known as quantum mechanics. It is a procedure for constructing quantum mechanics from classical mechanics. A generalization involving infinite degrees o...	Quantization (physics)	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	1,737	[ "Quantum field theory", "Physical phenomena", "Applied mathematics", "Theoretical physics", "Quantum mechanics", "Mathematical quantization", "Mathematical physics" ]
25,202	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20mechanics	Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory that describes the behavior of nature at and below the scale of atoms. It is the foundation of all quantum physics, which includes quantum chemistry, quantum field theory, quantum technology, and quantum information science. Quantum mechanics can describe many systems that cla...	Quantum mechanics	[ "Physics" ]	8,871	[ "Theoretical physics", "Quantum mechanics" ]
25,211	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20chemistry	Quantum chemistry, also called molecular quantum mechanics, is a branch of physical chemistry focused on the application of quantum mechanics to chemical systems, particularly towards the quantum-mechanical calculation of electronic contributions to physical and chemical properties of molecules, materials, and solution...	Quantum chemistry	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	2,028	[ "Quantum chemistry", "Quantum mechanics", "Theoretical chemistry", " molecular", "Atomic", " and optical physics" ]
25,267	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20field%20theory	In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is a theoretical framework that combines field theory and the principle of relativity with ideas behind quantum mechanics. QFT is used in particle physics to construct physical models of subatomic particles and in condensed matter physics to construct models of quasipa...	Quantum field theory	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	12,198	[ "Quantum field theory", "Applied mathematics", "Theoretical physics", "Quantum mechanics", "Mathematical physics" ]
25,312	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20gravity	Quantum gravity (QG) is a field of theoretical physics that seeks to describe gravity according to the principles of quantum mechanics. It deals with environments in which neither gravitational nor quantum effects can be ignored, such as in the vicinity of black holes or similar compact astrophysical objects, as well a...	Quantum gravity	[ "Physics" ]	3,906	[ "Theoretical physics", "Unsolved problems in physics", "Theories of gravity", "General relativity", "Quantum gravity", "Particle physics", "Theory of relativity", "Physics beyond the Standard Model" ]
25,336	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20entanglement	Quantum entanglement is the phenomenon of a group of particles being generated, interacting, or sharing spatial proximity in such a way that the quantum state of each particle of the group cannot be described independently of the state of the others, including when the particles are separated by a large distance. The t...	Quantum entanglement	[ "Physics" ]	8,826	[ "Quantum measurement", "Quantum mechanics" ]
25,350	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasicrystal	A quasiperiodic crystal, or quasicrystal, is a structure that is ordered but not periodic. A quasicrystalline pattern can continuously fill all available space, but it lacks translational symmetry. While crystals, according to the classical crystallographic restriction theorem, can possess only two-, three-, four-, and...	Quasicrystal	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	4,532	[ "Symmetry", "Tessellation", "Euclidean plane geometry", "Phases of matter", "Materials science", "Crystallography", "Condensed matter physics", "Planes (geometry)", "Quasicrystals", "Matter" ]
25,418	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof%20by%20contradiction	In logic, proof by contradiction is a form of proof that establishes the truth or the validity of a proposition by showing that assuming the proposition to be false leads to a contradiction. Although it is quite freely used in mathematical proofs, not every school of mathematical thought accepts this kind of nonconstru...	Proof by contradiction	[ "Mathematics" ]	2,496	[ "Proof theory", "Methods of proof", "Theorems in propositional logic", "nan", "Theorems in the foundations of mathematics" ]
25,453	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheology	Rheology (; ) is the study of the flow of matter, primarily in a fluid (liquid or gas) state but also as "soft solids" or solids under conditions in which they respond with plastic flow rather than deforming elastically in response to an applied force. Rheology is the branch of physics that deals with the deformation a...	Rheology	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	4,299	[ "Tribology", "Materials science", "Surface science", "Mechanical engineering", "Rheology", "Fluid dynamics" ]
25,599	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium	Rubidium is a chemical element; it has symbol Rb and atomic number 37. It is a very soft, whitish-grey solid in the alkali metal group, similar to potassium and caesium. Rubidium is the first alkali metal in the group to have a density higher than water. On Earth, natural rubidium comprises two isotopes: 72% is a stabl...	Rubidium	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Technology" ]	3,312	[ "Chemical elements", "Redox", "Reducing agents", "Atoms", "Matter" ]
25,604	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radon	Radon is a chemical element; it has symbol Rn and atomic number 86. It is a radioactive noble gas and is colorless and odorless. Of the three naturally occurring radon isotopes, only Rn has a sufficiently long half-life (3.825 days) for it to be released from the soil and rock where it is generated. Radon isotopes are ...	Radon	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Technology", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	11,737	[ "Noble gases", "Toxicology", "Chemical elements", "Building engineering", "Environmental chemistry", "Nonmetals", "Building biology", "Materials", "Soil contamination", "Industrial gases", "Chemical process engineering", "Carcinogens", "Hazardous materials", "Atoms", "Matter" ]
25,758	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA	Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule that is essential for most biological functions, either by performing the function itself (non-coding RNA) or by forming a template for the production of proteins (messenger RNA). RNA and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are nucleic acids. The nucleic acids constitute one of th...	RNA	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	5,509	[ "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Biotechnology", "nan", "Molecular biology", "Biochemistry", "Nucleic acids" ]
25,765	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA%20world	The RNA world is a hypothetical stage in the evolutionary history of life on Earth in which self-replicating RNA molecules proliferated before the evolution of DNA and proteins. The term also refers to the hypothesis that posits the existence of this stage. Alexander Rich first proposed the concept of the RNA world in ...	RNA world	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	8,093	[ "Biological hypotheses", "Origin of life", "Prebiotic chemistry" ]
25,766	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribosome	Ribosomes () are macromolecular machines, found within all cells, that perform biological protein synthesis (messenger RNA translation). Ribosomes link amino acids together in the order specified by the codons of messenger RNA molecules to form polypeptide chains. Ribosomes consist of two major components: the small an...	Ribosome	[ "Chemistry" ]	5,602	[ "Catalysis", "Protein biosynthesis", "Gene expression", "Biosynthesis", "Ribozymes" ]
25,809	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann%20zeta%20function	The Riemann zeta function or Euler–Riemann zeta function, denoted by the Greek letter (zeta), is a mathematical function of a complex variable defined as for and its analytic continuation elsewhere. The Riemann zeta function plays a pivotal role in analytic number theory and has applications in physics, probability...	Riemann zeta function	[ "Mathematics" ]	4,758	[ "Analytic number theory", "Number theory" ]
25,880	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive%20index	In optics, the refractive index (or refraction index) of an optical medium is the ratio of the apparent speed of light in the air or vacuum to the speed in the medium. The refractive index determines how much the path of light is bent, or refracted, when entering a material. This is described by Snell's law of refracti...	Refractive index	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	7,280	[ "Physical phenomena", "Physical quantities", "Refraction", "Quantity", "Optical phenomena", "Dimensionless quantities", "Optical quantities" ]
25,929	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regiomontanus	Johannes Müller von Königsberg (6 June 1436 – 6 July 1476), better known as Regiomontanus (), was a mathematician, astrologer and astronomer of the German Renaissance, active in Vienna, Buda and Nuremberg. His contributions were instrumental in the development of Copernican heliocentrism in the decades following his de...	Regiomontanus	[ "Astronomy" ]	2,542	[ "Astronomical instrument makers", "Astronomical instruments" ]
26,118	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roof	A roof (: roofs or rooves) is the top covering of a building, including all materials and constructions necessary to support it on the walls of the building or on uprights, providing protection against rain, snow, sunlight, extremes of temperature, and wind. A roof is part of the building envelope. The characteristics...	Roof	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	3,713	[ "Structural engineering", "Building engineering", "Structural system", "Construction", "Civil engineering", "Roofs" ]
26,262	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redshift	In physics, a redshift is an increase in the wavelength, and corresponding decrease in the frequency and photon energy, of electromagnetic radiation (such as light). The opposite change, a decrease in wavelength and increase in frequency and energy, is known as a blueshift, or negative redshift. The terms derive from t...	Redshift	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Astronomy", "Mathematics" ]	6,992	[ "Physical phenomena", "Astronomical sub-disciplines", "Physical quantities", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Concepts in astronomy", "Quantity", "Theoretical physics", "Astrophysics", "Astronomical spectroscopy", "Doppler effects", "Spectroscopy", "Physical properties", "Physical cosmology"...
26,301	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket	A rocket (from , and so named for its shape) is a vehicle that uses jet propulsion to accelerate without using any surrounding air. A rocket engine produces thrust by reaction to exhaust expelled at high speed. Rocket engines work entirely from propellant carried within the vehicle; therefore a rocket can fly in the va...	Rocket	[ "Engineering" ]	10,016	[ "Rocketry", "Aerospace engineering" ]
26,350	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation%20therapy	Radiation therapy or radiotherapy (RT, RTx, or XRT) is a treatment using ionizing radiation, generally provided as part of cancer therapy to either kill or control the growth of malignant cells. It is normally delivered by a linear particle accelerator. Radiation therapy may be curative in a number of types of cancer i...	Radiation therapy	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Biology" ]	12,201	[ "Radiation health effects", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Radiobiology", "Medical physics", "Nuclear physics", "Radiation effects", "Radioactivity" ]
26,452	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riesz%20representation%20theorem	The Riesz representation theorem, sometimes called the Riesz–Fréchet representation theorem after Frigyes Riesz and Maurice René Fréchet, establishes an important connection between a Hilbert space and its continuous dual space. If the underlying field is the real numbers, the two are isometrically isomorphic; if the u...	Riesz representation theorem	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	4,726	[ "Theorems in mathematical analysis", "Mathematical structures", "Articles containing proofs", "Quantum mechanics", "Theorems in functional analysis", "Category theory", "Duality theories", "Geometry", "Hilbert spaces" ]
26,469	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General%20recursive%20function	In mathematical logic and computer science, a general recursive function, partial recursive function, or μ-recursive function is a partial function from natural numbers to natural numbers that is "computable" in an intuitive sense – as well as in a formal one. If the function is total, it is also called a total recursi...	General recursive function	[ "Mathematics" ]	2,215	[ "Computability theory", "Mathematical logic" ]
26,477	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rust	Rust is an iron oxide, a usually reddish-brown oxide formed by the reaction of iron and oxygen in the catalytic presence of water or air moisture. Rust consists of hydrous iron(III) oxides (Fe2O3·nH2O) and iron(III) oxide-hydroxide (FeO(OH), Fe(OH)3), and is typically associated with the corrosion of refined iron. Giv...	Rust	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	3,159	[ "Materials degradation", "Electrochemistry", "Metallurgy", "Corrosion" ]
26,561	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rank%20%28linear%20algebra%29	In linear algebra, the rank of a matrix is the dimension of the vector space generated (or spanned) by its columns. This corresponds to the maximal number of linearly independent columns of . This, in turn, is identical to the dimension of the vector space spanned by its rows. Rank is thus a measure of the "nondegener...	Rank (linear algebra)	[ "Mathematics" ]	3,503	[ "Linear algebra", "Algebra" ]
26,826	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium	Sodium is a chemical element; it has symbol Na (from Neo-Latin ) and atomic number 11. It is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal. Sodium is an alkali metal, being in group 1 of the periodic table. Its only stable isotope is 23Na. The free metal does not occur in nature and must be prepared from compounds. Sodi...	Sodium	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	5,624	[ "Chemical elements", "Redox", "Reducing agents", "Desiccants", "Materials", "Atoms", "Matter" ]
26,872	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SI%20base%20unit	The SI base units are the standard units of measurement defined by the International System of Units (SI) for the seven base quantities of what is now known as the International System of Quantities: they are notably a basic set from which all other SI units can be derived. The units and their physical quantities are t...	SI base unit	[ "Physics", "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	827	[ "Dimensional analysis", "Physical quantities", "SI base quantities", "Quantity", "Mechanical engineering" ]
26,884	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superconductivity	Superconductivity is a set of physical properties observed in superconductors: materials where electrical resistance vanishes and magnetic fields are expelled from the material. Unlike an ordinary metallic conductor, whose resistance decreases gradually as its temperature is lowered, even down to near absolute zero, a ...	Superconductivity	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	7,109	[ "Physical phenomena", "Phase transitions", "Matter", "Physical quantities", "Spintronics", "Superconductivity", "Phases of matter", "Critical phenomena", "Unsolved problems in physics", "Materials science", "Condensed matter physics", "Exotic matter", "Statistical mechanics", "Electrical r...
26,962	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%20relativity	In physics, the special theory of relativity, or special relativity for short, is a scientific theory of the relationship between space and time. In Albert Einstein's 1905 paper, On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies, the theory is presented as being based on just two postulates: The laws of physics are invariant (i...	Special relativity	[ "Physics" ]	20,692	[ "Special relativity", "Theory of relativity" ]
26,985	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salinity	Salinity () is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water, called saline water (see also soil salinity). It is usually measured in g/L or g/kg (grams of salt per liter/kilogram of water; the latter is dimensionless and equal to ‰). Salinity is an important factor in determining many aspects of the c...	Salinity	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Biology", "Environmental_science" ]	2,532	[ "Hydrology", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Oceanography", "Water pollution", "Chemical oceanography", "Salts", "Water quality indicators", "Ecosystems", "Aquatic ecology" ]
18,071,097	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scoop%20wheel	A scoop wheel or scoopwheel is a pump, usually used for land drainage. A scoop wheel pump is similar in construction to a water wheel, but works in the opposite manner: a waterwheel is water-powered and used to drive machinery, a scoop wheel is engine-driven and is used to lift water from one level to another. Princi...	Scoop wheel	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	553	[ "Physical systems", "Hydraulics", "Turbomachinery", "Pumps" ]
18,075,735	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziegler%E2%80%93Nichols%20method	The Ziegler–Nichols tuning method is a heuristic method of tuning a PID controller. It was developed by John G. Ziegler and Nathaniel B. Nichols. It is performed by setting the I (integral) and D (derivative) gains to zero. The "P" (proportional) gain, is then increased (from zero) until it reaches the ultimate gain ,...	Ziegler–Nichols method	[ "Engineering" ]	377	[ "Control devices", "Control engineering" ]
16,871,767	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camassa%E2%80%93Holm%20equation	In fluid dynamics, the Camassa–Holm equation is the integrable, dimensionless and non-linear partial differential equation The equation was introduced by Roberto Camassa and Darryl Holm as a bi-Hamiltonian model for waves in shallow water, and in this context the parameter κ is positive and the solitary wave solutions...	Camassa–Holm equation	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	1,412	[ "Equations of fluid dynamics", "Equations of physics", "Integrable systems", "Theoretical physics", "Fluid dynamics" ]
16,874,116	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultramicroelectrode	An ultramicroelectrode (UME) is a working electrode with a low surface area primarily used in voltammetry experiments. The small size of UMEs limits mass transfer, which give them large diffusion layers and small overall currents at typical electrochemical potentials. These features allow UMEs to achieve useful cycli...	Ultramicroelectrode	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,189	[ "Electroanalytical chemistry devices", "Electrochemistry", "Electrodes", "Electroanalytical chemistry" ]
16,877,732	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaverboard	Beaverboard (also beaver board) is a fiberboard building material, formed of wood fibre compressed into sheets. It was originally a trademark for a lumber product built up from the fibre of clean white spruce made from 1906 until 1928 by the Beaver Manufacturing Company at their plant in Beaver Falls and marketed from ...	Beaverboard	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	110	[ "Building engineering", "Materials stubs", "Construction", "Materials", "Building materials", "Matter", "Architecture" ]
16,879,665	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circle%20packing	In geometry, circle packing is the study of the arrangement of circles (of equal or varying sizes) on a given surface such that no overlapping occurs and so that no circle can be enlarged without creating an overlap. The associated packing density, , of an arrangement is the proportion of the surface covered by the cir...	Circle packing	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,126	[ "Circle packing", "Mathematical problems", "Packing problems", "Geometry problems" ]
16,880,962	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River%20mile	A river mile is a measure of distance in miles along a river from its mouth. River mile numbers begin at zero and increase further upstream. The corresponding metric unit using kilometers is the river kilometer. They are analogous to vehicle roadway mile markers, except that river miles are rarely marked on the physica...	River mile	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	700	[ "Hydrology", "Distance", "Physical quantities", "Quantity", "Size", "Space", "Environmental engineering", "Spacetime", "Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities" ]
16,881,256	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindemann%20index	The Lindemann index is a simple measure of thermally driven disorder in atoms or molecules. Definition The local Lindemann index is defined as: where angle brackets indicate a time average. The global Lindemann index is a system average of this quantity. In condensed matter physics a departure from linearity in the...	Lindemann index	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	280	[ "Molecular physics", "Phases of matter", "Materials science", " molecular", "Condensed matter physics", "nan", "Atomic", "Matter", " and optical physics" ]
16,884,572	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser%20absorption%20spectrometry	Laser absorption spectrometry (LAS) refers to techniques that use lasers to assess the concentration or amount of a species in gas phase by absorption spectrometry (AS). Optical spectroscopic techniques in general, and laser-based techniques in particular, have a great potential for detection and monitoring of constit...	Laser absorption spectrometry	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	2,172	[ "Spectroscopy", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Absorption spectroscopy" ]
694,843	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%E2%80%93Spanier%20cohomology	In mathematics, particularly in algebraic topology, Alexander–Spanier cohomology is a cohomology theory for topological spaces. History It was introduced by for the special case of compact metric spaces, and by for all topological spaces, based on a suggestion of Alexander D. Wallace. Definition If X is a topologi...	Alexander–Spanier cohomology	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,157	[ "Mathematical structures", "Category theory", "Duality theories", "Geometry" ]
695,215	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizon%20problem	The horizon problem (also known as the homogeneity problem) is a cosmological fine-tuning problem within the Big Bang model of the universe. It arises due to the difficulty in explaining the observed homogeneity of causally disconnected regions of space in the absence of a mechanism that sets the same initial condition...	Horizon problem	[ "Physics" ]	1,568	[ "Physical cosmological concepts", "Concepts in astrophysics" ]
695,241	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale%20invariance	In physics, mathematics and statistics, scale invariance is a feature of objects or laws that do not change if scales of length, energy, or other variables, are multiplied by a common factor, and thus represent a universality. The technical term for this transformation is a dilatation (also known as dilation). Dilatat...	Scale invariance	[ "Physics", "Materials_science", "Mathematics" ]	4,562	[ "Symmetry", "Physical phenomena", "Critical phenomena", "Scale-invariant systems", "Condensed matter physics", "Geometry", "Statistical mechanics", "Scaling symmetries", "Dynamical systems" ]
695,319	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermultiplet	In theoretical physics, a supermultiplet is a representation of a supersymmetry algebra, possibly with extended supersymmetry. Then a superfield is a field on superspace which is valued in such a representation. Naïvely, or when considering flat superspace, a superfield can simply be viewed as a function on superspace...	Supermultiplet	[ "Physics" ]	1,616	[ "Symmetry", "Unsolved problems in physics", "Physics beyond the Standard Model", "Supersymmetry" ]
695,523	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin%E2%80%93Helmholtz%20mechanism	The Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism is an astronomical process that occurs when the surface of a star or a planet cools. The cooling causes the internal pressure to drop, and the star or planet shrinks as a result. This compression, in turn, heats the core of the star/planet. This mechanism is evident on Jupiter and Saturn ...	Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism	[ "Physics" ]	854	[ "Concepts in astrophysics", "Astrophysics", "Stellar evolution" ]
695,742	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordwood%20construction	Cordwood construction (also called cordwood masonry or cordwood building, alternatively stackwall or stovewood particularly in Canada) is a term used for a natural building method in which short logs are piled crosswise to build a wall, using mortar or cob to permanently secure them. This technique can be made to use a...	Cordwood construction	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	3,534	[ "Structural engineering", "Building", "Building engineering", "Structural system", "Construction" ]
696,317	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buchberger%27s%20algorithm	In the theory of multivariate polynomials, Buchberger's algorithm is a method for transforming a given set of polynomials into a Gröbner basis, which is another set of polynomials that have the same common zeros and are more convenient for extracting information on these common zeros. It was introduced by Bruno Buchber...	Buchberger's algorithm	[ "Mathematics", "Technology" ]	821	[ "Computer algebra", "Computational mathematics", "Fields of abstract algebra", "Computer science", "Algebraic geometry", "Commutative algebra", "Algebra" ]
696,449	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granular%20material	A granular material is a conglomeration of discrete solid, macroscopic particles characterized by a loss of energy whenever the particles interact (the most common example would be friction when grains collide). The constituents that compose granular material are large enough such that they are not subject to thermal m...	Granular material	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	2,866	[ "Discrete-phase flow", "Materials", "Particle technology", "Granularity of materials", "Matter", "Fluid dynamics" ]
697,387	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granular%20convection	Granular convection is a phenomenon where granular material subjected to shaking or vibration will exhibit circulation patterns similar to types of fluid convection. It is sometimes called the Brazil nut effect, when the largest of irregularly shaped particles end up on the surface of a granular material containing a m...	Granular convection	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	1,536	[ "Transport phenomena", "Physical phenomena", "Convection", "Materials", "Thermodynamics", "Particle technology", "Granularity of materials", "Matter" ]
697,531	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric%E2%80%93harmonic%20mean	In mathematics, the geometric–harmonic mean M(x, y) of two positive real numbers x and y is defined as follows: we form the geometric mean of g0 = x and h0 = y and call it g1, i.e. g1 is the square root of xy. We also form the harmonic mean of x and y and call it h1, i.e. h1 is the reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of...	Geometric–harmonic mean	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	498	[ "Means", "Mathematical analysis", "Point (geometry)", "Geometric centers", "Symmetry" ]
698,759	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagator	In quantum mechanics and quantum field theory, the propagator is a function that specifies the probability amplitude for a particle to travel from one place to another in a given period of time, or to travel with a certain energy and momentum. In Feynman diagrams, which serve to calculate the rate of collisions in quan...	Propagator	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	3,465	[ "Quantum field theory", "Applied mathematics", "Theoretical physics", "Quantum mechanics", "Mathematical physics" ]
5,914,620	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society%20of%20Tribologists%20and%20Lubrication%20Engineers	The Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers (STLE) is an American non-profit technical society for the tribology and lubrication engineering sectors worldwide. Its offices are in Park Ridge, Illinois. Established in 1944 as the American Society of Lubrication Engineers (ASLE), the STLE is now one of the worl...	Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	177	[ "Tribology", "Materials science", "Mechanical engineering organizations", "Surface science", "Mechanical engineering" ]
5,920,338	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomistix	Atomistix A/S was a software company developing tools for atomic scale modelling. It was headquartered in Copenhagen, Denmark, with a subsidiary for Asia Pacific in Singapore and for the Americas in California. In September 2008 Atomistix A/S went bankrupt, but in December 2008 the newly founded company QuantumWise ann...	Atomistix	[ "Materials_science" ]	644	[ "Nanotechnology", "Nanotechnology companies" ]
5,920,421	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pur%20%28brand%29	Pur (styled PŪR; pronounced as "pure") is a division of Helen of Troy Limited that produces Pur Water products. Pur's products include water filter faucet mounts, pitchers, side taps, dispensers, coolers, and filtration systems for Kenmore refrigerators of Sears Holdings Corporation. History The Pur brand was created ...	Pur (brand)	[ "Chemistry" ]	220	[ "Water treatment", "Water filters", "Filters" ]
19,097,104	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEFA%20%28drug%29	NEFA is a moderate affinity NMDA antagonist (IC50 = 0.51 μM). It is a structural analog of phencyclidine. It was first synthesized by a team at Parke-Davis in the late 1950s. References Dissociative drugs NMDA receptor antagonists Fluorenes Amines	NEFA (drug)	[ "Chemistry" ]	67	[ "Amines", "Bases (chemistry)", "Functional groups" ]
19,099,507	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anachronisms%20in%20the%20Book%20of%20Mormon	There are a number of anachronistic words and phrases in the Book of Mormon—their existence in the text contradicts known linguistic patterns or archaeological findings. Each of the anachronisms is a word, phrase, artifact, or other concept that did not exist in the Americas during the time period in which the Book of ...	Anachronisms in the Book of Mormon	[ "Physics" ]	5,957	[ "Spacetime", "Physical quantities", "Anachronism", "Time" ]
19,099,981	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TANGO	The TANGO control system is a free open source device-oriented controls toolkit for controlling any kind of hardware or software and building SCADA systems. It is used for controlling synchrotrons, lasers, physics experiments in over 20 sites. It is being actively developed by a consortium of research institutes. TANG...	TANGO	[ "Engineering" ]	832	[ "Industrial automation", "Industrial engineering", "Automation" ]
19,101,222	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easington%20Gas%20Terminal	The Easington Gas Terminal is one of six main gas terminals in the UK, and is situated on the North Sea coast at Easington, East Riding of Yorkshire and Dimlington. The other main gas terminals are at St Fergus, Aberdeenshire; Bacton, Norfolk; Teesside; Theddlethorpe, Lincolnshire and Rampside gas terminal, Barrow, Cum...	Easington Gas Terminal	[ "Chemistry" ]	2,375	[ "Natural gas technology", "Natural gas plants" ]
19,103,227	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerium%28III%29%20bromide	Cerium(III) bromide is an inorganic compound with the formula CeBr3. This white hygroscopic solid is of interest as a component of scintillation counters. Preparation and basic properties The compound has been known since at least 1899, when Muthman and Stützel reported its preparation from cerium sulfide and gaseous ...	Cerium(III) bromide	[ "Chemistry" ]	387	[ "Bromides", "Salts" ]
19,103,379	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmichael%27s%20totient%20function%20conjecture	In mathematics, Carmichael's totient function conjecture concerns the multiplicity of values of Euler's totient function φ(n), which counts the number of integers less than and coprime to n. It states that, for every n there is at least one other integer m ≠ n such that φ(m) = φ(n). Robert Carmichael first stated this...	Carmichael's totient function conjecture	[ "Mathematics" ]	816	[ "Unsolved problems in mathematics", "Multiplicative functions", "Unsolved problems in number theory", "Conjectures", "Mathematical problems", "Number theory" ]
19,103,773	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit%20topology%20%28electrical%29	The circuit topology of an electronic circuit is the form taken by the network of interconnections of the circuit components. Different specific values or ratings of the components are regarded as being the same topology. Topology is not concerned with the physical layout of components in a circuit, nor with their po...	Circuit topology (electrical)	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	7,051	[ "Electrical engineering", "Electronic engineering", "Computer engineering" ]
19,104,225	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mond%20gas	Mond gas is a cheap coal gas that was used for industrial heating purposes. Coal gases are made by decomposing coal through heating it to a high temperature. Coal gases were the primary source of gas fuel during the 1940s and 1950s until the adoption of natural gas. They were used for lighting, heating, and cooking, ty...	Mond gas	[ "Chemistry" ]	746	[ "Chemical energy sources", "Petroleum technology", "Chemical mixtures", "Industrial gases", "Synthetic fuel technologies", "nan", "Chemical process engineering", "Fuels" ]
19,106,129	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthanum%28III%29%20bromide	Lanthanum(III) bromide (LaBr3) is an inorganic halide salt of lanthanum. When pure, it is a colorless white powder. The single crystals of LaBr3 are hexagonal crystals with melting point of 783 °C. It is highly hygroscopic and water-soluble. There are several hydrates, La3Br·x H2O, of the salt also known. It is often u...	Lanthanum(III) bromide	[ "Chemistry", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	560	[ "Luminescence", "Radioactive contamination", "Measuring instruments", "Salts", "Bromides", "Ionising radiation detectors", "Phosphors and scintillators" ]
10,038,696	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl%20siloxane	Polyvinyl siloxane (PVS), also called poly-vinyl siloxane, vinyl polysiloxane (VPS), or vinylpolysiloxane, is an addition-reaction silicone elastomer (an addition silicone). It is a viscous liquid that cures (solidifies) quickly into a rubber-like solid, taking the shape of whatever surface it was lying against while c...	Polyvinyl siloxane	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	353	[ "Dental materials", "Materials", "Polymer chemistry", "Polymers", "Matter" ]
10,039,881	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girih%20tiles	Girih tiles are a set of five tiles that were used in the creation of Islamic geometric patterns using strapwork (girih) for decoration of buildings in Islamic architecture. They have been used since about the year 1200 and their arrangements found significant improvement starting with the Darb-i Imam shrine in Isfahan...	Girih tiles	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	1,509	[ "Girih", "Tessellation", "Euclidean plane geometry", "Planes (geometry)", "Symmetry" ]
10,040,229	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%20infrastructure	Green infrastructure or blue-green infrastructure refers to a network that provides the “ingredients” for solving urban and climatic challenges by building with nature. The main components of this approach include stormwater management, climate adaptation, the reduction of heat stress, increasing biodiversity, food pro...	Green infrastructure	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Biology", "Environmental_science" ]	11,561	[ "Hydrology", "Chemical engineering", "Water pollution", "Civil engineering", "Hydrology and urban planning", "Biodiversity", "Environmental engineering" ]
10,043,708	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycoprotein%20Ib	Glycoprotein Ib (GPIb), also known as CD42, is a component of the GPIb-V-IX complex on platelets. The GPIb-V-IX complex binds von Willebrand factor, allowing platelet adhesion and platelet plug formation at sites of vascular injury. Glycoprotein Ibα (GPIbα) is the major ligand-binding subunit of the GPIb-V-IX complex....	Glycoprotein Ib	[ "Chemistry" ]	189	[ "Glycoproteins", "Glycobiology", "Protein stubs", "Biochemistry stubs" ]
12,424,551	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence%20cross-correlation%20spectroscopy	Fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS) is a spectroscopic technique that examines the interactions of fluorescent particles of different colours as they randomly diffuse through a microscopic detection volume over time, under steady conditions. Discovery Eigen and Rigler first introduced the fluorescence ...	Fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,070	[ "Biochemistry methods", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Molecular physics", "Instrumental analysis", "Spectroscopy", "nan", "Biochemistry", "Physical chemistry", "Fluorescence techniques" ]
15,149,776	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Configuration%20entropy	In statistical mechanics, configuration entropy is the portion of a system's entropy that is related to discrete representative positions of its constituent particles. For example, it may refer to the number of ways that atoms or molecules pack together in a mixture, alloy or glass, the number of conformations of a mol...	Configuration entropy	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	419	[ "Thermodynamics stubs", "Statistical mechanics stubs", "Physical phenomena", "Physical chemistry stubs", "Philosophy of thermal and statistical physics", "Physical quantities", "Quantity", "Thermodynamic entropy", "Entropy", "Thermodynamics", "Statistical mechanics", "Physical properties" ]
15,152,001	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomalous%20X-ray%20scattering	Anomalous X-ray scattering (AXRS or XRAS) is a non-destructive determination technique within X-ray diffraction that makes use of the anomalous dispersion that occurs when a wavelength is selected that is in the vicinity of an absorption edge of one of the constituent elements of the sample. It is used in materials res...	Anomalous X-ray scattering	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	678	[ "X-ray crystallography", "Crystallography" ]
15,152,367	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-angle%20laser%20light%20scattering	Low-angle laser light scattering or LALLS is an application of light scattering that is particularly useful in conjunction with the technique of Size exclusion chromatography, one of the most powerful and widely used techniques to study the molecular mass distribution of a polymer. Typically the eluent of the SEC colu...	Low-angle laser light scattering	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	243	[ "Polymer physics", "Polymer stubs", "Scattering stubs", "Scattering", "Condensed matter physics", "Particle physics", "Nuclear physics", "Polymer chemistry", "Organic chemistry stubs" ]
15,152,836	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positron%20annihilation%20spectroscopy	Positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) or sometimes specifically referred to as positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) is a non-destructive spectroscopy technique to study voids and defects in solids. Theory The technique operates on the principle that a positron or positronium will annihilate through i...	Positron annihilation spectroscopy	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	888	[ "Instrumental analysis", "Molecular physics", "Spectroscopy", "Spectrum (physical sciences)" ]
14,065,904	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCF3	Transcription factor 3 (E2A immunoglobulin enhancer-binding factors E12/E47), also known as TCF3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TCF3 gene. TCF3 has been shown to directly enhance Hes1 (a well-known target of Notch signaling) expression. Function This gene encodes a member of the E protein (class I) f...	TCF3	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	472	[ "Induced stem cells", "Gene expression", "Transcription factors", "Signal transduction" ]
14,065,909	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZNF35	Zinc finger protein 35 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF35 gene. See also Zinc finger References External links Transcription factors	ZNF35	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	31	[ "Induced stem cells", "Gene expression", "Transcription factors", "Signal transduction" ]
14,066,008	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxisome%20proliferator-activated%20receptor%20alpha	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α), also known as NR1C1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group C, member 1), is a nuclear receptor protein functioning as a transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the PPARA gene. Together with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta and peroxisome...	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,378	[ "Induced stem cells", "Gene expression", "Transcription factors", "Signal transduction" ]
14,066,275	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inversion%20temperature	The inversion temperature in thermodynamics and cryogenics is the critical temperature below which a non-ideal gas (all gases in reality) that is expanding at constant enthalpy will experience a temperature decrease, and above which will experience a temperature increase. This temperature change is known as the Joule–T...	Inversion temperature	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	345	[ "Scalar physical quantities", "Thermodynamic properties", "Temperature", "Gases", "Physical quantities", "Engineering thermodynamics", "Intensive quantities", "Phases of matter", "SI base quantities", "Quantity", "Industrial gases", "Thermodynamics", "Mechanical engineering", "Chemical pro...
14,068,005	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolactin-releasing%20peptide%20receptor	The prolactin-releasing peptide receptor (PrRPR) also known as G-protein coupled receptor 10 (GPR10) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRLHR gene. PrRPR is a G-protein coupled receptor that binds the prolactin-releasing peptide (PRLH). Function PrRPR is a 7-transmembrane domain receptor for prolactin-re...	Prolactin-releasing peptide receptor	[ "Chemistry" ]	114	[ "G protein-coupled receptors", "Signal transduction" ]
14,069,368	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep-sub-voltage%20nanoelectronics	Deep-sub-voltage nanoelectronics are integrated circuits (ICs) operating near theoretical limits of energy consumption per unit of processing. These devices are intended to address the needs of applications such as wireless sensor networks which have dramatically different requirements from traditional electronics. F...	Deep-sub-voltage nanoelectronics	[ "Materials_science" ]	546	[ "Nanotechnology", "Nanoelectronics" ]
14,071,313	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CEBPB	CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CEBPB gene. Function The protein encoded by this intronless gene is a bZIP transcription factor that can bind as a homodimer to certain DNA regulatory regions. It can also form heterodimers with the related proteins CEBP-alpha, CEBP-de...	CEBPB	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,032	[ "Induced stem cells", "Gene expression", "Transcription factors", "Signal transduction" ]
14,071,714	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHAT%20IF%20software	WHAT IF is a computer program used in a wide variety of computational (in silico) macromolecular structure research fields. The software provides a flexible environment to display, manipulate, and analyze small and large molecules, proteins, nucleic acids, and their interactions. History The first version of the WHAT...	WHAT IF software	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	364	[ "Molecular modelling software", "Computational chemistry software", "Bioinformatics software", "Bioinformatics", "Molecular modelling", "Structural biology", "Protein structure" ]
14,073,967	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthalpy%20of%20mixing	In thermodynamics, the enthalpy of mixing (also heat of mixing and excess enthalpy) is the enthalpy liberated or absorbed from a substance upon mixing. When a substance or compound is combined with any other substance or compound, the enthalpy of mixing is the consequence of the new interactions between the two substan...	Enthalpy of mixing	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	1,316	[ "Enthalpy", "Quantity", "Physical quantities", "Thermodynamic properties" ]
14,075,504	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VEGFR1	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FLT1 gene. Function FLT1 is a member of VEGF receptor gene family. It encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase which is activated by VEGF-A, VEGF-B, and placental growth factor. The sequence structure of the FLT1 gene resembles tha...	VEGFR1	[ "Chemistry" ]	234	[ "Tyrosine kinase receptors", "Signal transduction" ]

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