id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
18,093,768 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid%20sulfur%20cycle | The hybrid sulfur cycle (HyS) is a two-step water-splitting process intended to be used for hydrogen production. Based on sulfur oxidation and reduction, it is classified as a hybrid thermochemical cycle because it uses an electrochemical (instead of a thermochemical) reaction for one of the two steps. The remaining t... | Hybrid sulfur cycle | [
"Chemistry"
] | 359 | [
"Chemical reaction stubs",
"Inorganic reactions",
"nan"
] |
18,097,410 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian%20Penning%20Trap%20Mass%20Spectrometer | The Canadian Penning Trap Mass Spectrometer (CPT) is one of the major pieces of experimental equipment that is installed on the ATLAS superconducting heavy-ion linac facility at the Physics Division of the Argonne National Laboratory. It was developed and operated by physicist Guy Savard and a collaboration of other sc... | Canadian Penning Trap Mass Spectrometer | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 494 | [
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Mass",
"Mass spectrometry",
"Nuclear and atomic physics stubs",
"Nuclear physics",
"Spectrometers",
"Spectroscopy",
"Matter"
] |
18,097,527 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delivery%20Bar%20Code%20Sorter | A Delivery Bar Code Sorter (DBCS) is a mail sorting machine used primarily by the United States Postal Service. Introduced in 1990, these machines sort letters at a rate of approximately 36,000 pieces per hour, with a 99% accuracy rate. A computer scans the addresses of the mail, and sorts it to one of up to 286 pocket... | Delivery Bar Code Sorter | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 91 | [
"Physical systems",
"Machines",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
91,100 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelson%E2%80%93Morley%20experiment | The Michelson–Morley experiment was an attempt to measure the motion of the Earth relative to the luminiferous aether, a supposed medium permeating space that was thought to be the carrier of light waves. The experiment was performed between April and July 1887 by American physicists Albert A. Michelson and Edward W. ... | Michelson–Morley experiment | [
"Physics"
] | 7,241 | [
"Experimental physics",
"Physics experiments"
] |
91,173 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axial%20tilt | In astronomy, axial tilt, also known as obliquity, is the angle between an object's rotational axis and its orbital axis, which is the line perpendicular to its orbital plane; equivalently, it is the angle between its equatorial plane and orbital plane. It differs from orbital inclination.
At an obliquity of 0 degrees... | Axial tilt | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 2,497 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Precession",
"Planetary science",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines"
] |
91,256 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer%20and%20network%20surveillance | Computer and network surveillance is the monitoring of computer activity and data stored locally on a computer or data being transferred over computer networks such as the Internet. This monitoring is often carried out covertly and may be completed by governments, corporations, criminal organizations, or individuals. I... | Computer and network surveillance | [
"Engineering"
] | 4,513 | [
"Cybersecurity engineering",
"Computer forensics"
] |
92,193 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular%20dichroism | Circular dichroism (CD) is dichroism involving circularly polarized light, i.e., the differential absorption of left- and right-handed light. Left-hand circular (LHC) and right-hand circular (RHC) polarized light represent two possible spin angular momentum states for a photon, and so circular dichroism is also referre... | Circular dichroism | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 3,663 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Astrophysics",
"Structural biology",
"Protein structure",
"Polarization (waves)",
"Physical properties"
] |
92,206 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic%20circular%20dichroism | Magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) is the differential absorption of left and right circularly polarized (LCP and RCP) light, induced in a sample by a strong magnetic field oriented parallel to the direction of light propagation. MCD measurements can detect transitions which are too weak to be seen in conventional optic... | Magnetic circular dichroism | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 3,693 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Molecular physics",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Electric and magnetic fields in matter",
"Astrophysics",
"Optical phenomena",
"Polarization (waves)",
"Magneto-optic effects",
"Spectroscopy"
] |
92,236 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron%20transport%20chain | An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of protein complexes and other molecules which transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membra... | Electron transport chain | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 4,781 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Cellular respiration",
"Metabolism"
] |
16,901,031 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispersionless%20equation | Dispersionless (or quasi-classical) limits of integrable partial differential equations (PDE) arise in various problems of mathematics and physics and have been intensively studied in recent literature (see e.g. references below). They typically arise when considering slowly modulated long waves of an integrable dispe... | Dispersionless equation | [
"Physics"
] | 770 | [
"Integrable systems",
"Theoretical physics"
] |
16,907,616 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetically%20induced%20grating | Electromagnetically induced grating (EIG) is an optical interference phenomenon where an interference pattern is used to build a dynamic spatial diffraction grating in matter. EIGs are dynamically created by light interference on optically resonant materials and rely on population inversion and/or optical coherence pro... | Electromagnetically induced grating | [
"Physics"
] | 547 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Classical mechanics",
"Waves",
"Wave mechanics"
] |
16,908,428 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-transcriptional%20regulation | Post-transcriptional regulation is the control of gene expression at the RNA level. It occurs once the RNA polymerase has been attached to the gene's promoter and is synthesizing the nucleotide sequence. Therefore, as the name indicates, it occurs between the transcription phase and the translation phase of gene expres... | Post-transcriptional regulation | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 3,094 | [
"Gene expression",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
11,487,713 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic%20olefin%20copolymer | Cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) is an amorphous polymer made by several polymer manufacturers. COC is a relatively new class of polymers as compared to commodities such as polypropylene and polyethylene. This newer material is used in a wide variety of applications including packaging films, lenses, vials, displays, and... | Cyclic olefin copolymer | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,233 | [
"Materials science",
"Polymer chemistry"
] |
11,489,016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular%20binding | Molecular binding is an attractive interaction between two molecules that results in a stable association in which the molecules are in close proximity to each other. It is formed when atoms or molecules bind together by sharing of electrons. It often, but not always, involves some chemical bonding.
In some cases, the... | Molecular binding | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,045 | [
"Molecular physics",
"Biochemistry",
" molecular",
"Medicinal chemistry",
"nan",
"Atomic",
" and optical physics"
] |
11,491,735 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markov%20partition | A Markov partition in mathematics is a tool used in dynamical systems theory, allowing the methods of symbolic dynamics to be applied to the study of hyperbolic dynamics. By using a Markov partition, the system can be made to resemble a discrete-time Markov process, with the long-term dynamical characteristics of the... | Markov partition | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 706 | [
"Symbolic dynamics",
"Mechanics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
11,493,977 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekorot | Mekorot (, lit. "Sources") is the national water company of Israel and the country's top agency for water management. Founded in 1937, it supplies Israel with approx. 80% of its drinking water and operates a cross-country water supply network known as the National Water Carrier. Mekorot and its subsidiaries have partne... | Mekorot | [
"Physics",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,543 | [
"Hydrology",
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Civil engineering",
"Hydraulic engineering"
] |
11,494,409 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Element%20%28category%20theory%29 | In category theory, the concept of an element, or a point, generalizes the more usual set theoretic concept of an element of a set to an object of any category. This idea often allows restating of definitions or properties of morphisms (such as monomorphism or product) given by a universal property in more familiar te... | Element (category theory) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,020 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Mathematical structures",
"Mathematical objects",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Category theory",
"Mathematical relations"
] |
699,689 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polaron | A polaron is a quasiparticle used in condensed matter physics to understand the interactions between electrons and atoms in a solid material. The polaron concept was proposed by Lev Landau in 1933 and Solomon Pekar in 1946 to describe an electron moving in a dielectric crystal where the atoms displace from their equili... | Polaron | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 3,839 | [
"Matter",
"Subatomic particles",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Quasiparticles",
"Ions"
] |
700,131 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-loop%20Feynman%20diagram | In physics, a one-loop Feynman diagram is a connected Feynman diagram with only one cycle (unicyclic). Such a diagram can be obtained from a connected tree diagram by taking two external lines of the same type and joining them together into an edge.
Diagrams with loops (in graph theory, these kinds of loops are called... | One-loop Feynman diagram | [
"Physics"
] | 297 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Quantum physics stubs"
] |
700,141 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiclassical%20physics | In physics, semiclassical refers to a theory in which one part of a system is described quantum mechanically, whereas the other is treated classically. For example, external fields will be constant, or when changing will be classically described. In general, it incorporates a development in powers of the Planck constan... | Semiclassical physics | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 378 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Quantum chemistry",
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Theoretical chemistry",
"Computational chemistry",
" molecular",
"nan",
"Atomic",
"Quantum physics stubs",
" and optical physics"
] |
700,154 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WKB%20approximation | In mathematical physics, the WKB approximation or WKB method is a method for finding approximate solutions to linear differential equations with spatially varying coefficients. It is typically used for a semiclassical calculation in quantum mechanics in which the wavefunction is recast as an exponential function, semi... | WKB approximation | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 3,209 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Applied mathematics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Mathematical relations",
"Asymptotic analysis",
"Mathematical physics",
"Approximations"
] |
701,099 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luttinger%20liquid | A Luttinger liquid, or Tomonaga–Luttinger liquid, is a theoretical model describing interacting electrons (or other fermions) in a one-dimensional conductor (e.g. quantum wires such as carbon nanotubes). Such a model is necessary as the commonly used Fermi liquid model breaks down for one dimension.
The Tomonaga–Lutti... | Luttinger liquid | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,106 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Phases of matter",
"Materials science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Matter"
] |
701,141 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersymmetry%20breaking | In particle physics, supersymmetry breaking or SUSY breaking is a process via which a seemingly non-supersymmetric physics emerges from a supersymmetric theory. Assuming a breaking of supersymmetry is a necessary step to reconcile supersymmetry with experimental observations.
Superpartner particles, whose mass is equ... | Supersymmetry breaking | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 317 | [
"Symmetry",
"Supersymmetric quantum field theory",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Geometry",
"Supersymmetry",
"Quantum physics stubs"
] |
701,188 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20vacuum%20state | In quantum field theory, the quantum vacuum state (also called the quantum vacuum or vacuum state) is the quantum state with the lowest possible energy. Generally, it contains no physical particles. The term zero-point field is sometimes used as a synonym for the vacuum state of a quantized field which is completely in... | Quantum vacuum state | [
"Physics"
] | 2,209 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Vacuum",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Quantum states",
"Matter"
] |
701,333 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20fission%20product | Nuclear fission products are the atomic fragments left after a large atomic nucleus undergoes nuclear fission. Typically, a large nucleus like that of uranium fissions by splitting into two smaller nuclei, along with a few neutrons, the release of heat energy (kinetic energy of the nuclei), and gamma rays. The two smal... | Nuclear fission product | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Technology",
"Biology"
] | 5,651 | [
"Nuclear fission",
"Radioactive contamination",
"Nuclear chemistry",
"Radiobiology",
"Nuclear technology",
"Fission products",
"Nuclear fallout",
"Environmental impact of nuclear power",
"nan",
"Nuclear physics",
"Radioactivity"
] |
701,756 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt%20%28cryptography%29 | In cryptography, a salt is random data fed as an additional input to a one-way function that hashes data, a password or passphrase. Salting helps defend against attacks that use precomputed tables (e.g. rainbow tables), by vastly growing the size of table needed for a successful attack. It also helps protect passwords ... | Salt (cryptography) | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,605 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Cryptography",
"Cybersecurity engineering"
] |
701,991 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creation%20and%20annihilation%20operators | Creation operators and annihilation operators are mathematical operators that have widespread applications in quantum mechanics, notably in the study of quantum harmonic oscillators and many-particle systems. An annihilation operator (usually denoted ) lowers the number of particles in a given state by one. A creation ... | Creation and annihilation operators | [
"Physics"
] | 2,443 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Quantum operators",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
702,351 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ham%20sandwich%20theorem | In mathematical measure theory, for every positive integer the ham sandwich theorem states that given measurable "objects" in -dimensional Euclidean space, it is possible to divide each one of them in half (with respect to their measure, e.g. volume) with a single -dimensional hyperplane. This is possible even if the... | Ham sandwich theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,231 | [
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Theorems in measure theory",
"Theorems in topology",
"Topology",
"Mathematical problems",
"Articles containing proofs",
"Mathematical theorems"
] |
702,705 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonification | Sonification is the use of non-speech audio to convey information or perceptualize data. Auditory perception has advantages in temporal, spatial, amplitude, and frequency resolution that open possibilities as an alternative or complement to visualization techniques.
For example, the rate of clicking of a Geiger counte... | Sonification | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 2,088 | [
"Display technology",
"Electronic engineering",
"Classical mechanics",
"Acoustics"
] |
703,071 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brennschluss | Brennschluss (a loanword, from the German Brennschluss) is either the cessation of fuel burning in a rocket or the time that the burning ceases: the cessation may result from the consumption of the propellants, from deliberate shutoff, or from some other cause. After Brennschluss, the rocket is subject only to external... | Brennschluss | [
"Engineering"
] | 328 | [
"Rocketry",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
703,764 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20bag%20fiber | A nuclear bag fiber is a type of intrafusal muscle fiber that lies in the center of a muscle spindle. Each has many nuclei concentrated in bags and they cause excitation of the primary sensory fibers.
There are two kinds of bag fibers based upon contraction speed and motor innervation.
BAG2 fibers are the largest. The... | Nuclear bag fiber | [
"Biology"
] | 166 | [
"Organ systems",
"Nervous system"
] |
703,772 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20chain%20fiber | A nuclear chain fiber is a specialized sensory organ contained within a muscle. Nuclear chain fibers are intrafusal fibers that, along with nuclear bag fibers, make up the muscle spindle responsible for the detection of changes in muscle length.
There are 3–9 nuclear chain fibers per muscle spindle that are half the ... | Nuclear chain fiber | [
"Biology"
] | 439 | [
"Organ systems",
"Nervous system"
] |
12,437,267 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamella%20clarifier | A lamella clarifier or inclined plate settler (IPS) is a type of clarifier designed to remove particulates from liquids.
Range of applications
Lamella clarifiers can be used in a range of industries, including mining and metal finishing, as well as to treat groundwater, industrial process water and backwash from sand... | Lamella clarifier | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 2,959 | [
"Water treatment",
"Water pollution",
"Water technology",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
12,437,648 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisymmetrizer | In quantum mechanics, an antisymmetrizer (also known as an antisymmetrizing operator) is a linear operator that makes a wave function of N identical fermions antisymmetric under the exchange of the coordinates of any pair of fermions. After application of the wave function satisfies the Pauli exclusion principle. Sin... | Antisymmetrizer | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,734 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Quantum chemistry",
"Permutations",
"Pauli exclusion principle",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Mathematical objects",
"Combinatorics",
"Theoretical chemistry",
"Quantum operators",
"Mathematical relations",
" molecular",
"Atomic",
" and optical physics"
] |
12,440,032 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C5H4O2 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C5H4O2}}
The molecular formula C5H4O2 (molar mass: 96.085 g/mol) may refer to:
Furfural (2-furaldehyde)
3-Furaldehyde
Protoanemonin
Pyrones
2-Pyrone
4-Pyrone
Molecular formulas | C5H4O2 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 79 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
15,172,243 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolidophyceae | Bolidophyceae is a class of photosynthetic heterokont picophytoplankton, and consist of less than 20 known species. They are distinguished by the angle of flagellar insertion and swimming patterns as well as recent molecular analyses. Bolidophyceae is the sister taxon to the diatoms (Bacillariophyceae). They lack the c... | Bolidophyceae | [
"Biology"
] | 431 | [
"Ochrophyta",
"Algae"
] |
15,173,176 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi%20and%20Frost | "Fermi and Frost" is a science fiction short story by American writer Frederik Pohl, first published in the January 1985 issue of Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine. It won the Hugo Award for Best Short Story in 1986.
Summary
The story opens with an astronomer who is at an airport when a nuclear war begins. Recog... | Fermi and Frost | [
"Astronomy"
] | 202 | [
"Astronomical hypotheses",
"Fermi paradox"
] |
15,179,440 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakacin | Sakacins are bacteriocins produced by Lactobacillus sakei. They are often clustered with the other lactic acid bacteriocins. The best known sakacins are sakacin A, G, K, P, and Q. In particular, sakacin A and P have been well characterized.
List of named sakacins
Sakacin A is a small, 41 amino acid (the precursor... | Sakacin | [
"Chemistry"
] | 681 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Peptides",
"Molecular biology"
] |
15,181,102 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZNF259 | Zinc finger protein ZPR1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF259 gene.
References
Further reading
External links
Transcription factors | ZNF259 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 32 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
1,739,569 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass-independent%20fractionation | Mass-independent isotope fractionation or Non-mass-dependent fractionation (NMD), refers to any chemical or physical process that acts to separate isotopes, where the amount of separation does not scale in proportion with the difference in the masses of the isotopes. Most isotopic fractionations (including typical kin... | Mass-independent fractionation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 953 | [
"Fractionation",
"Separation processes",
"Isotopes",
"nan",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
1,740,295 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition%20metal%20pincer%20complex | In chemistry, a transition metal pincer complex is a type of coordination complex with a pincer ligand. Pincer ligands are chelating agents that binds tightly to three adjacent coplanar sites in a meridional configuration. The inflexibility of the pincer-metal interaction confers high thermal stability to the result... | Transition metal pincer complex | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,791 | [
"Coordination chemistry"
] |
1,740,611 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C6H8O7 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C6H8O7}}
The molecular formula C6H8O7 (molar mass: 192.12 g/mol, exact mass: 192.0270 u) may refer to:
Citric acid
Isocitric acid
Molecular formulas | C6H8O7 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 60 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
1,740,813 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid%20salt | Acid salts are a class of salts that produce an acidic solution after being dissolved in a solvent. Its formation as a substance has a greater electrical conductivity than that of the pure solvent. An acidic solution formed by acid salt is made during partial neutralization of diprotic or polyprotic acids. A half-neutr... | Acid salt | [
"Chemistry"
] | 703 | [
"Acids",
"Salts"
] |
1,741,375 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rearrangement%20reaction | In organic chemistry, a rearrangement reaction is a broad class of organic reactions where the carbon skeleton of a molecule is rearranged to give a structural isomer of the original molecule. Often a substituent moves from one atom to another atom in the same molecule, hence these reactions are usually intramolecular.... | Rearrangement reaction | [
"Chemistry"
] | 700 | [
"Rearrangement reactions",
"Organic reactions"
] |
1,741,453 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parent%E2%80%93offspring%20conflict | Parent–offspring conflict (POC) is an expression coined in 1974 by Robert Trivers. It is used to describe the evolutionary conflict arising from differences in optimal parental investment (PI) in an offspring from the standpoint of the parent and the offspring. PI is any investment by the parent in an individual offspr... | Parent–offspring conflict | [
"Biology"
] | 3,344 | [
"Biological interactions",
"Behavior",
"Evolutionary biology",
"Reproduction"
] |
1,742,210 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System%20equivalence | In the systems sciences system equivalence is the behavior of a parameter or component of a system in a way similar to a parameter or component of a different system. Similarity means that mathematically the parameters and components will be indistinguishable from each other. Equivalence can be very useful in understa... | System equivalence | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,214 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Systems engineering",
"Mechanics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
1,742,660 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicyclopentadiene | Dicyclopentadiene, abbreviated DCPD, is a chemical compound with formula . At room temperature, it is a white brittle wax, although lower purity samples can be straw coloured liquids. The pure material smells somewhat of soy wax or camphor, with less pure samples possessing a stronger acrid odor. Its energy density is... | Dicyclopentadiene | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,041 | [
"Monomers",
"Dimers (chemistry)",
"Polymer chemistry"
] |
1,743,649 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial%20analysis%20of%20gene%20expression | Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) is a transcriptomic technique used by molecular biologists to produce a snapshot of the messenger RNA population in a sample of interest in the form of small tags that correspond to fragments of those transcripts. Several variants have been developed since, most notably a more ... | Serial analysis of gene expression | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,102 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Molecular biology"
] |
1,744,212 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tazobactam | Tazobactam is a pharmaceutical drug that inhibits the action of bacterial β-lactamases, especially those belonging to the SHV-1 and TEM groups. It is commonly used as its sodium salt, tazobactam sodium.
Tazobactam is combined with the extended spectrum β-lactam antibiotic piperacillin in the drug piperacillin/tazobact... | Tazobactam | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 190 | [
"Biotechnology products",
"Functional groups",
"Antibiotics",
"Sulfones",
"Biocides"
] |
1,744,318 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground%20storage%20tank | An underground storage tank (UST) is, according to United States federal regulations, a storage tank, including any underground piping connected to the tank, that has at least 10 percent of its volume underground.
Definition & Regulation in U.S. federal law
"Underground storage tank" or "UST" means any one or combinat... | Underground storage tank | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,895 | [
"Chemical equipment",
"Storage tanks",
"Fuels",
"Chemical energy sources"
] |
1,744,650 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispersion%20%28water%20waves%29 | In fluid dynamics, dispersion of water waves generally refers to frequency dispersion, which means that waves of different wavelengths travel at different phase speeds. Water waves, in this context, are waves propagating on the water surface, with gravity and surface tension as the restoring forces. As a result, water ... | Dispersion (water waves) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 2,856 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Water waves",
"Chemical engineering",
"Classical mechanics",
"Waves",
"Wave mechanics",
"Physical oceanography",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
1,744,868 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damping | In physical systems, damping is the loss of energy of an oscillating system by dissipation. Damping is an influence within or upon an oscillatory system that has the effect of reducing or preventing its oscillation. Examples of damping include viscous damping in a fluid (see viscous drag), surface friction, radiation, ... | Damping | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 2,410 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Metrics",
"Engineering ratios",
"Quantity",
"Classical mechanics",
"Mechanics",
"Dimensionless numbers of mechanics"
] |
1,744,922 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma%20spectroscopy | Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics. Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement.
Most radioactive sources produce gamma ... | Gamma spectroscopy | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 3,938 | [
"Molecular physics",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Gamma rays",
"Nuclear physics",
"Spectrometers",
"Spectroscopy",
"Radioactivity"
] |
1,744,973 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer%20length%20method | The Transfer Length Method or the "Transmission Line Model" (both abbreviated as TLM) is a technique used in semiconductor physics and engineering to determine the specific contact resistivity between a metal and a semiconductor. TLM has been developed because with the ongoing device shrinkage in microelectronics the r... | Transfer length method | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 3,183 | [
"Electrical resistance and conductance",
"Physical quantities",
"Semiconductors",
"Materials",
"Electronic engineering",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Solid state engineering",
"Matter"
] |
5,933,183 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liebigs%20Annalen | Justus Liebig's Annalen der Chemie (often cited as Liebigs Annalen) was one of the oldest and historically most important journals in the field of organic chemistry worldwide. It was established in 1832 and edited by Justus von Liebig with Friedrich Wöhler and others until Liebig's death in 1873. The journal was origin... | Liebigs Annalen | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,958 | [
"Organic chemistry journals"
] |
5,937,299 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendulum%20%28mechanics%29 | A pendulum is a body suspended from a fixed support such that it freely swings back and forth under the influence of gravity. When a pendulum is displaced sideways from its resting, equilibrium position, it is subject to a restoring force due to gravity that will accelerate it back towards the equilibrium position. Whe... | Pendulum (mechanics) | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,921 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Time",
"Horology",
"Applied mathematics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Mathematical objects",
"Differential equations",
"Equations",
"Mechanics",
"Spacetime",
"Mathematical physics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
4,494,768 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergent%20gravity | Emergent gravity may refer to
Induced gravity, a theory proposed by Andrei Sakharov in 1967,
Entropic gravity, a theory proposed by Erik Verlinde in 2009.
Theories of gravity | Emergent gravity | [
"Physics"
] | 41 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Theories of gravity"
] |
4,495,335 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tautology%20%28logic%29 | In mathematical logic, a tautology (from ) is a formula that is true regardless of the interpretation of its component terms, with only the logical constants having a fixed meaning. For example, a formula that states, "the ball is green or the ball is not green," is always true, regardless of what a ball is and regar... | Tautology (logic) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 3,467 | [
"Mathematical logic",
"Logical expressions",
"Logical truth"
] |
4,497,595 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrilotriacetic%20acid | Nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) is the aminopolycarboxylic acid with the formula N(CH2CO2H)3. It is a colourless solid. Its conjugate base nitrilotriacetate is used as a chelating agent for Ca2+, Co2+, Cu2+, and Fe3+.
Production and use
Nitrilotriacetic acid is commercially available as the free acid and as the sodium s... | Nitrilotriacetic acid | [
"Chemistry"
] | 665 | [
"Functional groups",
"Chelating agents",
"Amines",
"Bases (chemistry)",
"Process chemicals"
] |
4,498,159 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estramustine%20phosphate | Estramustine phosphate (EMP), also known as estradiol normustine phosphate and sold under the brand names Emcyt and Estracyt, is a dual estrogen and chemotherapy medication which is used in the treatment of prostate cancer in men. It is taken multiple times a day by mouth or by injection into a vein.
Side effects of E... | Estramustine phosphate | [
"Chemistry"
] | 5,893 | [
"Chemicals in medicine",
"Harmful chemical substances",
"Prodrugs",
"Mitotic inhibitors"
] |
4,498,490 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Euclidean%20crystallographic%20group | In mathematics, a non-Euclidean crystallographic group, NEC group or N.E.C. group is a discrete group of isometries of the hyperbolic plane. These symmetry groups correspond to the wallpaper groups in euclidean geometry. A NEC group which contains only orientation-preserving elements is called a Fuchsian group, and any... | Non-Euclidean crystallographic group | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 145 | [
"Geometry",
"Symmetry"
] |
4,499,323 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Pines | Alexander Pines (June 22, 1945 – November 1, 2024) was an American chemist. He was the Glenn T. Seaborg Professor Emeritus, University of California, Berkeley, Chancellor's Professor Emeritus and Professor of the Graduate School, University of California, Berkeley, and a member of the California Institute for Quantitat... | Alexander Pines | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 923 | [
"Nuclear magnetic resonance",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
4,499,533 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type-II%20superconductor | In superconductivity, a type-II superconductor is a superconductor that exhibits an intermediate phase of mixed ordinary and superconducting properties at intermediate temperature and fields above the superconducting phases.
It also features the formation of magnetic field vortices with an applied external magnetic fie... | Type-II superconductor | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,279 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Superconductivity",
"Materials science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Electrical resistance and conductance"
] |
4,499,573 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adduct | In chemistry, an adduct (; alternatively, a contraction of "addition product") is a product of a direct addition of two or more distinct molecules, resulting in a single reaction product containing all atoms of all components. The resultant is considered a distinct molecular species. Examples include the addition of so... | Adduct | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 518 | [
"Condensed matter physics",
"nan",
"Solid-state chemistry"
] |
4,500,316 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop%20quantum%20cosmology | Loop quantum cosmology (LQC) is a finite, symmetry-reduced model of loop quantum gravity (LQG) that predicts a "quantum bridge" between contracting and expanding cosmological branches.
The distinguishing feature of LQC is the prominent role played by the quantum geometry effects of loop quantum gravity (LQG). In parti... | Loop quantum cosmology | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 863 | [
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Theoretical physics",
"Physical cosmology",
"Astrophysics"
] |
4,500,344 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phorbol | Phorbol is a natural, plant-derived organic compound. It is a member of the tigliane family of diterpenes. Phorbol was first isolated in 1934 as the hydrolysis product of croton oil, which is derived from the seeds of the purging croton, Croton tiglium. The structure of phorbol was determined in 1967.
Various esters o... | Phorbol | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,239 | [
"Total synthesis",
"Ketones",
"Functional groups",
"Chemical synthesis"
] |
4,500,356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC%2015288 | The ISO/IEC 15288 Systems and software engineering — System life cycle processes is a technical standard in systems engineering which covers processes and lifecycle stages, developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Planning for the ISO... | ISO/IEC 15288 | [
"Engineering"
] | 845 | [
"ISO/IEC JTC1/SC7 standards",
"Systems engineering"
] |
4,500,678 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River%20morphology | The terms river morphology and its synonym stream morphology are used to describe the shapes of river channels and how they change in shape and direction over time. The morphology of a river channel is a function of a number of processes and environmental conditions, including the composition and erodibility of the bed... | River morphology | [
"Physics",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 465 | [
"Hydrology",
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Civil engineering",
"Hydraulic engineering"
] |
4,501,128 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron%20time-of-flight%20scattering | In neutron time-of-flight scattering, a form of inelastic neutron scattering, the initial position and velocity of a pulse of neutrons are fixed, and their final position and the time after the pulse that the neutrons are detected are measured. By the principle of conservation of momentum, these pairs of coordinates ma... | Neutron time-of-flight scattering | [
"Chemistry"
] | 415 | [
"Scattering",
"Scattering stubs",
"Neutron scattering"
] |
4,501,325 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma%20parameters | Plasma parameters define various characteristics of a plasma, an electrically conductive collection of charged and neutral particles of various species (electrons and ions) that responds collectively to electromagnetic forces. Such particle systems can be studied statistically, i.e., their behaviour can be described ba... | Plasma parameters | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 762 | [
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Astrophysics"
] |
19,121,488 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hodoscope | A hodoscope (from the Greek "hodos" for way or path, and "skopos" an observer) is an instrument used in particle detectors to detect passing charged particles and determine their trajectories. Hodoscopes are characterized by being made up of many segments; the combination of which segments record a detection is then u... | Hodoscope | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 417 | [
"Particle physics stubs",
"Particle detectors",
"Particle physics",
"Measuring instruments"
] |
19,122,210 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global%20Design%20Effort | The Global Design Effort (GDE) was an international team tasked with designing the International Linear Collider (ILC), a particle accelerator to succeed machines such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the Stanford Linear Accelerator (SLAC), with the endorsement of the International Committee for Future Accelerato... | Global Design Effort | [
"Physics"
] | 130 | [
"Particle physics stubs",
"Particle physics"
] |
19,127,190 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muffin-tin%20approximation | The muffin-tin approximation is a shape approximation of the potential well in a crystal lattice. It is most commonly employed in quantum mechanical simulations of the electronic band structure in solids. The approximation was proposed by John C. Slater. Augmented plane wave method (APW) is a method which uses muffin-t... | Muffin-tin approximation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 516 | [
"Electron",
"Quantum chemistry",
"Phases of matter",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Materials science",
"Computational physics",
"Electronic structure methods",
"Electronic band structures",
"Computational chemistry",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Matter"
] |
10,061,569 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perpendicular%20axis%20theorem | The perpendicular axis theorem (or plane figure theorem) states that for a planar lamina the moment of inertia about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the lamina is equal to the sum of the moments of inertia about two mutually perpendicular axes in the plane of the lamina, which intersect at the point where the per... | Perpendicular axis theorem | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 335 | [
"Equations of physics",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Classical mechanics",
"Mechanics",
"Articles containing proofs",
"Physics theorems",
"Moment (physics)"
] |
10,062,927 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overdrive%20voltage | Overdrive voltage, usually abbreviated as VOV, is typically referred to in the context of MOSFET transistors. The overdrive voltage is defined as the voltage between transistor gate and source (VGS) in excess of the threshold voltage (VTH) where VTH is defined as the minimum voltage required between gate and source to... | Overdrive voltage | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 460 | [
"Electrical resistance and conductance",
"Physical quantities",
"Semiconductors",
"Materials",
"Electronic engineering",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Electrical engineering",
"Solid state engineering",
"Matter",
"Electrical parameters"
] |
10,064,136 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation%20principle | In control theory, a separation principle, more formally known as a principle of separation of estimation and control, states that under some assumptions the problem of designing an optimal feedback controller for a stochastic system can be solved by designing an optimal observer for the state of the system, which feed... | Separation principle | [
"Mathematics"
] | 446 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Control theory",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
10,064,152 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental%20rise | The continental rise is a low-relief zone of accumulated sediments that lies between the continental slope and the abyssal plain. It is a major part of the continental margin, covering around 10% of the ocean floor.
Formation
This geologic structure results from deposition of sediments, mainly due to mass wasting, th... | Continental rise | [
"Physics",
"Environmental_science"
] | 455 | [
"Oceanography",
"Hydrology",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics"
] |
10,066,313 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgers%20vector | In materials science, the Burgers vector, named after Dutch physicist Jan Burgers, is a vector, often denoted as , that represents the magnitude and direction of the lattice distortion resulting from a dislocation in a crystal lattice.
Concepts
The vector's magnitude and direction is best understood when the disloca... | Burgers vector | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 772 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Materials science",
"Crystallography",
"Condensed matter physics",
"nan"
] |
10,067,215 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality%20engineering | Quality engineering is the discipline of engineering concerned with the principles and practice of product and service quality assurance and control. In software development, it is the management, development, operation and maintenance of IT systems and enterprise architectures with high quality standard.
Description ... | Quality engineering | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,610 | [
"Systems engineering",
"Quality engineering",
"nan"
] |
7,800,566 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface%20photovoltage | Surface photovoltage (SPV) measurements are a widely used method to determine the minority carrier diffusion length of semiconductors. Since the transport of minority carriers determines the behavior of the p-n junctions that are ubiquitous in semiconductor devices, surface photovoltage data can be very helpful in und... | Surface photovoltage | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 983 | [
"Phases of matter",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Matter",
"Materials science"
] |
7,801,429 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproductive%20suppression | Reproductive suppression is the prevention or inhibition of reproduction in otherwise healthy adult individuals. It occurs in birds, mammals, and social insects. It is sometimes accompanied by cooperative breeding. It is maintained by behavioral mechanisms such as aggression, and physiological mechanisms such as pherom... | Reproductive suppression | [
"Biology"
] | 3,774 | [
"Reproduction in animals",
"Behavior",
"Reproduction",
"Behavioral ecology",
"Behavioural sciences",
"Sociobiology",
"Ethology"
] |
7,803,002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marchetti%27s%20constant | Marchetti's constant is the average time spent by a person for commuting each day. Its value is approximately one hour, or half an hour for a one-way trip. It is named after Italian physicist Cesare Marchetti, though Marchetti himself attributed the "one hour" finding to transportation analyst and engineer Yacov Zahavi... | Marchetti's constant | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 510 | [
"Physical systems",
"Transport",
"Sustainable transport",
"Urban planning",
"Architecture"
] |
7,803,747 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-knot | In loop quantum gravity, an s-knot is an equivalence class of spin networks under diffeomorphisms. In this formalism, s-knots represent the quantum states of the gravitational field.
External links
Living Reviews in Relativity: Loop Quantum Gravity: Diffeomorphism invariance
Loop quantum gravity | S-knot | [
"Physics"
] | 65 | [
"Quantum mechanics",
"Quantum physics stubs"
] |
18,103,572 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplicative%20number%20theory | Multiplicative number theory is a subfield of analytic number theory that deals with prime numbers and with factorization and divisors. The focus is usually on developing approximate formulas for counting these objects in various contexts. The prime number theorem is a key result in this subject. The Mathematics Subjec... | Multiplicative number theory | [
"Mathematics"
] | 522 | [
"Analytic number theory",
"Number theory"
] |
18,104,802 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complementarity%20theory | A complementarity problem is a type of mathematical optimization problem. It is the problem of optimizing (minimizing or maximizing) a function of two vector variables subject to certain requirements (constraints) which include: that the inner product of the two vectors must equal zero, i.e. they are orthogonal. In par... | Complementarity theory | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 394 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Functions and mappings",
"Functional analysis",
"Mathematical analysis stubs",
"Mathematical objects",
"Topology",
"Space",
"Mathematical relations",
"Geometry",
"Mathematical optimization",
"Spacetime"
] |
2,421,876 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monod%E2%80%93Wyman%E2%80%93Changeux%20model | In biochemistry, the Monod–Wyman–Changeux model (MWC model, also known as the symmetry model or concerted model) describes allosteric transitions of proteins made up of identical subunits. It was proposed by Jean-Pierre Changeux in his PhD thesis, and described by Jacques Monod, Jeffries Wyman, and Jean-Pierre Changeux... | Monod–Wyman–Changeux model | [
"Chemistry"
] | 873 | [
"Protein structure",
"Structural biology"
] |
2,422,001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISACA | ISACA is an international professional association focused on IT (information technology) governance. On its IRS filings, it is known as the Information Systems Audit and Control Association, although ISACA now goes by its acronym only. ISACA currently offers 8 certification programs, as well as other micro-certificate... | ISACA | [
"Technology"
] | 922 | [
"Information technology",
"Information technology organizations"
] |
2,423,712 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic%20acid | Magic acid () is a superacid consisting of a mixture, most commonly in a 1:1 molar ratio, of fluorosulfuric acid () and antimony pentafluoride (). This conjugate Brønsted–Lewis superacid system was developed in the 1960s by Ronald Gillespie and his team at McMaster University, and has been used by George Olah to stabil... | Magic acid | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,996 | [
"Superacids",
"Acids",
"Functional groups",
"Sulfonic acids"
] |
2,424,431 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrovacuum%20solution | In general relativity, an electrovacuum solution (electrovacuum) is an exact solution of the Einstein field equation in which the only nongravitational mass–energy present is the field energy of an electromagnetic field, which must satisfy the (curved-spacetime) source-free Maxwell equations appropriate to the given ge... | Electrovacuum solution | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,964 | [
"Exact solutions in general relativity",
"Electromagnetism",
"Physical phenomena",
"Mathematical objects",
"Equations",
"Fundamental interactions"
] |
2,424,548 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrameric%20protein | A tetrameric protein is a protein with a quaternary structure of four subunits (tetrameric). Homotetramers have four identical subunits (such as glutathione S-transferase), and heterotetramers are complexes of different subunits. A tetramer can be assembled as dimer of dimers with two homodimer subunits (such as sorbit... | Tetrameric protein | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,091 | [
"Immunology",
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Proteins",
"Molecular biology"
] |
2,425,912 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar%20field%20solution | In general relativity, a scalar field solution is an exact solution of the Einstein field equation in which the gravitational field is due entirely to the field energy and momentum of a scalar field. Such a field may or may not be massless, and it may be taken to have minimal curvature coupling, or some other choice, ... | Scalar field solution | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 681 | [
"Exact solutions in general relativity",
"Mathematical objects",
"Equations",
"Relativity stubs",
"Theory of relativity"
] |
2,425,949 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambdavacuum%20solution | In general relativity, a lambdavacuum solution is an exact solution to the Einstein field equation in which the only term in the stress–energy tensor is a cosmological constant term. This can be interpreted physically as a kind of classical approximation to a nonzero vacuum energy. These are discussed here as distinct... | Lambdavacuum solution | [
"Mathematics"
] | 791 | [
"Exact solutions in general relativity",
"Mathematical objects",
"Equations"
] |
412,531 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphygmomanometer | A sphygmomanometer ( ), also known as a blood pressure monitor, or blood pressure gauge, is a device used to measure blood pressure, composed of an inflatable cuff to collapse and then release the artery under the cuff in a controlled manner, and a mercury or aneroid manometer to measure the pressure. Manual sphygmoman... | Sphygmomanometer | [
"Technology",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 1,655 | [
"Physiological instruments",
"Medical equipment",
"Measuring instruments",
"Pressure gauges",
"Medical technology"
] |
412,702 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monotypic%20taxon | In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispecific" or "monospecific" is sometimes preferred. In botanical nomenclature, ... | Monotypic taxon | [
"Biology"
] | 1,307 | [
"Evolutionary processes",
"Speciation",
"Conservation biology"
] |
412,909 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substructural%20logic | In logic, a substructural logic is a logic lacking one of the usual structural rules (e.g. of classical and intuitionistic logic), such as weakening, contraction, exchange or associativity. Two of the more significant substructural logics are relevance logic and linear logic.
Examples
In a sequent calculus, one write... | Substructural logic | [
"Mathematics"
] | 726 | [
"Substructural logic",
"Proof theory"
] |
412,937 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teichoic%20acid | Teichoic acids (cf. Greek τεῖχος, teīkhos, "wall", to be specific a fortification wall, as opposed to τοῖχος, toīkhos, a regular wall) are bacterial copolymers of glycerol phosphate or ribitol phosphate and carbohydrates linked via phosphodiester bonds.
Teichoic acids are found within the cell wall of most Gram-posit... | Teichoic acid | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,561 | [
"Organic acids",
"Acids",
"Cell biology",
"Organic compounds"
] |
412,942 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipopolysaccharide | Lipopolysaccharide, now more commonly known as endotoxin, is a collective term for components of the outermost membrane of the cell envelope of gram-negative bacteria, such as E. coli and Salmonella with a common structural architecture. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are large molecules consisting of three parts: an outer... | Lipopolysaccharide | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 6,135 | [
"Molecules",
"Membrane-active molecules",
"Matter"
] |
412,984 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glide%20reflection | In geometry, a glide reflection or transflection is a geometric transformation that consists of a reflection across a hyperplane and a translation ("glide") in a direction parallel to that hyperplane, combined into a single transformation. Because the distances between points are not changed under glide reflection, it ... | Glide reflection | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,781 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Euclidean symmetries",
"Transformation (function)",
"Mathematical objects",
"Materials science",
"Crystallography",
"Mathematical relations",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Geometry",
"Symmetry"
] |
413,102 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folding%40home | Folding@home (FAH or F@h) is a distributed computing project aimed to help scientists develop new therapeutics for a variety of diseases by the means of simulating protein dynamics. This includes the process of protein folding and the movements of proteins, and is reliant on simulations run on volunteers' personal comp... | Folding@home | [
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 9,809 | [
"Molecular dynamics software",
"Molecular modelling software",
"Molecular physics",
"Computational chemistry software",
"Distributed computing projects",
"Mathematical and theoretical biology",
"Biological engineering",
"Applied mathematics",
"Information technology projects",
"Bioinformatics",
... |
413,204 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm%20drain | A storm drain, storm sewer (United Kingdom, U.S. and Canada), highway drain, surface water drain/sewer (United Kingdom), or stormwater drain (Australia and New Zealand) is infrastructure designed to drain excess rain and ground water from impervious surfaces such as paved streets, car parks, parking lots, footpaths, si... | Storm drain | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Technology",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 3,017 | [
"Hydrology",
"Water treatment",
"Stormwater management",
"Chemical engineering",
"Road hazards",
"Water pollution",
"Physical systems",
"Flood control",
"Hydraulics",
"Civil engineering",
"Environmental engineering",
"Hydraulic engineering"
] |
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