id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
16,821,478 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CFD-DEM%20model | A CFD-DEM model is suitable for the modeling or simulation of fluid-solids or fluid-particles systems. In a typical CFD-DEM model, the phase motion of discrete solids or particles is obtained by the Discrete Element Method (DEM) which applies Newton's laws of motion to every particle and the flow of continuum fluid is ... | CFD-DEM model | [
"Physics"
] | 284 | [
"Computational physics stubs",
"Computational physics"
] |
7,721,911 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mestranol | Mestranol, sold under the brand names Enovid, Norinyl, and Ortho-Novum among others, is an estrogen medication which has been used in birth control pills, menopausal hormone therapy, and the treatment of menstrual disorders. It is formulated in combination with a progestin and is not available alone. It is taken by mou... | Mestranol | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,470 | [
"Chemicals in medicine",
"Prodrugs"
] |
7,724,083 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillium%20crustosum | Penicillium crustosum is a blue-green or blue-grey mold that can cause food spoilage, particularly of protein-rich foods such as meats and cheeses. It is identified by its complex biseriate conidiophores on which phialides produce asexual spores. It can grow at fairly low temperatures (it is a psychrophile), and in low... | Penicillium crustosum | [
"Biology"
] | 237 | [
"Fungi",
"Fungus species"
] |
7,725,171 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RUNX2 | Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) also known as core-binding factor subunit alpha-1 (CBF-alpha-1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RUNX2 gene. RUNX2 is a key transcription factor associated with osteoblast differentiation.
It has also been suggested that Runx2 plays a cell proliferation regulato... | RUNX2 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,614 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
7,725,457 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin%20ceiling | A tin ceiling is an architectural element, consisting of a ceiling finished with tinplate with designs pressed into them, that was very popular in Victorian buildings in North America in the late 19th and early 20th century. They were also popular in Australia where they were commonly known as pressed metal ceilings o... | Tin ceiling | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,391 | [
"Building engineering",
"Architecture",
"Construction",
"Materials",
"Architectural elements",
"Components",
"Matter",
"Building materials"
] |
7,726,829 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxy-fuel%20combustion%20process | Oxy-fuel combustion is the process of burning a fuel using pure oxygen, or a mixture of oxygen and recirculated flue gas, instead of air. Since the nitrogen component of air is not heated, fuel consumption is reduced, and higher flame temperatures are possible. Historically, the primary use of oxy-fuel combustion has b... | Oxy-fuel combustion process | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,597 | [
"Geoengineering",
"Combustion",
"Carbon capture and storage"
] |
7,728,392 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy%20%28order%20and%20disorder%29 | In thermodynamics, entropy is often associated with the amount of order or disorder in a thermodynamic system. This stems from Rudolf Clausius' 1862 assertion that any thermodynamic process always "admits to being reduced [reduction] to the alteration in some way or another of the arrangement of the constituent parts o... | Entropy (order and disorder) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 2,937 | [
"State functions",
"Thermodynamic properties",
"Physical quantities",
"Thermodynamic entropy",
"Entropy",
"Statistical mechanics"
] |
7,729,010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McLafferty%20rearrangement | The McLafferty rearrangement is a reaction observed in mass spectrometry during the fragmentation or dissociation of organic molecules. It is sometimes found that a molecule containing a keto-group undergoes β-cleavage, with the gain of the γ-hydrogen atom, as first reported by Anthony Nicholson working in the Division... | McLafferty rearrangement | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 240 | [
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Organic reactions",
"Name reactions",
"Tandem mass spectrometry",
"Mass spectrometry",
"Rearrangement reactions"
] |
7,729,301 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debye%E2%80%93H%C3%BCckel%20theory | The Debye–Hückel theory was proposed by Peter Debye and Erich Hückel as a theoretical explanation for departures from ideality in solutions of electrolytes and plasmas.
It is a linearized Poisson–Boltzmann model, which assumes an extremely simplified model of electrolyte solution but nevertheless gave accurate predic... | Debye–Hückel theory | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 5,339 | [
"Thermodynamic models",
"Electrochemistry",
"Thermodynamics",
"Equilibrium chemistry"
] |
12,385,248 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper-64 | Copper-64 (Cu) is a positron and beta emitting isotope of copper, with applications for molecular radiotherapy and positron emission tomography. Its unusually long half-life (12.7-hours) for a positron-emitting isotope makes it increasingly useful when attached to various ligands, for PET and PET-CT scanning.
Properti... | Copper-64 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 987 | [
"Isotopes of copper",
"Chemicals in medicine",
"Isotopes",
"Medical isotopes"
] |
12,385,647 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-center%20two-electron%20bond | A 4-center 2-electron (4c–2e) bond is a type of chemical bond in which four atoms share two electrons in bonding, with a net bond order of . This type of bonding differs from the usual covalent bond, which involves two atoms sharing two electrons (2c–2e bonding).
Four-center two-electron bonding is postulated in certa... | Four-center two-electron bond | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 292 | [
"Chemical bonding",
"Condensed matter physics",
"nan"
] |
1,716,835 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graver%20Tank%20%26%20Manufacturing%20Co.%20v.%20Linde%20Air%20Products%20Co. | Graver Tank & Manufacturing Co. v. Linde Air Products Co., 339 U.S. 605 (1950), was an important United States Supreme Court decision in the area of patent law, establishing the propriety of the doctrine of equivalents, and explaining how and when it was to be used.
Facts
The plaintiff Linde Air Products Co. owned a p... | Graver Tank & Manufacturing Co. v. Linde Air Products Co. | [
"Engineering"
] | 774 | [
"Welding",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
1,717,012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunt%20%28electrical%29 | A shunt is a device that is designed to provide a low-resistance path for an electrical current in a circuit. It is typically used to divert current away from a system or component in order to prevent overcurrent. Electrical shunts are commonly used in a variety of applications including power distribution systems, ele... | Shunt (electrical) | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,847 | [
"Electrical engineering"
] |
1,717,346 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrosynthetic%20analysis | Retrosynthetic analysis is a technique for solving problems in the planning of organic syntheses. This is achieved by transforming a target molecule into simpler precursor structures regardless of any potential reactivity/interaction with reagents. Each precursor material is examined using the same method. This procedu... | Retrosynthetic analysis | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 927 | [
"Chemical engineering",
"Chemical reaction engineering",
"nan",
"Chemical synthesis"
] |
1,717,684 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribosomal%20RNA | Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) is a type of non-coding RNA which is the primary component of ribosomes, essential to all cells. rRNA is a ribozyme which carries out protein synthesis in ribosomes. Ribosomal RNA is transcribed from ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and then bound to ribosomal proteins to form small and large ribo... | Ribosomal RNA | [
"Chemistry"
] | 6,593 | [
"Catalysis",
"Protein biosynthesis",
"Gene expression",
"Biosynthesis",
"Ribozymes"
] |
1,718,317 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorenz%20gauge%20condition | In electromagnetism, the Lorenz gauge condition or Lorenz gauge (after Ludvig Lorenz) is a partial gauge fixing of the electromagnetic vector potential by requiring The name is frequently confused with Hendrik Lorentz, who has given his name to many concepts in this field. (See, however, the Note added below for a dif... | Lorenz gauge condition | [
"Physics"
] | 923 | [
"Electromagnetism",
"Physical phenomena",
"Fundamental interactions",
"nan"
] |
1,720,933 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface%20gravity | The surface gravity, g, of an astronomical object is the gravitational acceleration experienced at its surface at the equator, including the effects of rotation. The surface gravity may be thought of as the acceleration due to gravity experienced by a hypothetical test particle which is very close to the object's surfa... | Surface gravity | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 2,302 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Black holes",
"Physical quantities",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Astrophysics",
"General relativity",
"Density",
"Theory of relativity",
"Stellar phenomena",
"Astronomical objects"
] |
683,065 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trisodium%20citrate | Trisodium citrate is a chemical compound with the molecular formula Na3C6H5O7. It is sometimes referred to simply as "sodium citrate", though sodium citrate can refer to any of the three sodium salts of citric acid. It possesses a saline, mildly tart taste, and is a mild alkali.
Uses
Foods
Sodium citrate is chiefly u... | Trisodium citrate | [
"Chemistry"
] | 828 | [
"Salts",
"Organic sodium salts",
"Edible salt",
"Chelating agents",
"Process chemicals"
] |
683,109 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triality | In mathematics, triality is a relationship among three vector spaces, analogous to the duality relation between dual vector spaces. Most commonly, it describes those special features of the Dynkin diagram D4 and the associated Lie group Spin(8), the double cover of 8-dimensional rotation group SO(8), arising because th... | Triality | [
"Mathematics"
] | 917 | [
"Lie groups",
"Mathematical structures",
"Algebraic structures"
] |
683,116 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SO%288%29 | In mathematics, SO(8) is the special orthogonal group acting on eight-dimensional Euclidean space. It could be either a real or complex simple Lie group of rank 4 and dimension 28.
Spin(8)
Like all special orthogonal groups SO(n) with n ≥ 2, SO(8) is not simply connected. And all like all SO(n) with n > 2, the fundame... | SO(8) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,068 | [
"Lie groups",
"Mathematical structures",
"Algebraic structures"
] |
683,322 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HEPA | HEPA (, high efficiency particulate air) filter, also known as a high efficiency particulate arresting filter, is an efficiency standard of air filters.
Filters meeting the HEPA standard must satisfy certain levels of efficiency. Common standards require that a HEPA air filter must remove—from the air that passes thro... | HEPA | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 3,360 | [
"Building engineering",
"Filters",
"Cleanroom technology",
"Air filters",
"Building biology"
] |
683,342 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuse%20%28electrical%29 | In electronics and electrical engineering, a fuse is an electrical safety device that operates to provide overcurrent protection of an electrical circuit. Its essential component is a metal wire or strip that melts when too much current flows through it, thereby stopping or interrupting the current. It is a sacrificial... | Fuse (electrical) | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 6,067 | [
"Electrical components",
"Electrical systems",
"Building engineering",
"Physical systems",
"Electrical engineering",
"Electrical wiring",
"Components"
] |
683,368 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young%20tableau | In mathematics, a Young tableau (; plural: tableaux) is a combinatorial object useful in representation theory and Schubert calculus. It provides a convenient way to describe the group representations of the symmetric and general linear groups and to study their properties.
Young tableaux were introduced by Alfred Yo... | Young tableau | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,881 | [
"Symmetry",
"Number theory",
"Symmetric functions",
"Integer partitions",
"Algebra"
] |
683,561 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total%20variation | In mathematics, the total variation identifies several slightly different concepts, related to the (local or global) structure of the codomain of a function or a measure. For a real-valued continuous function f, defined on an interval [a, b] ⊂ R, its total variation on the interval of definition is a measure of the one... | Total variation | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,989 | [
"Mathematical analysis"
] |
683,583 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcutaneous%20electrical%20nerve%20stimulation | A transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS or TNS) is a device that produces mild electric current to stimulate the nerves for therapeutic purposes. TENS, by definition, covers the complete range of transcutaneously applied currents used for nerve excitation, but the term is often used with a more restrictive ... | Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation | [
"Biology"
] | 2,974 | [
"Medical equipment",
"Medical technology"
] |
683,590 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcurrent%20electrical%20neuromuscular%20stimulator | A microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulator or MENS (also microamperage electrical neuromuscular stimulator) is a device used to send weak electrical signals into the body. Such devices apply extremely small microamp [uA] electrical currents (less than 1 milliampere [mA]) to the tissues using electrodes placed ... | Microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulator | [
"Biology"
] | 770 | [
"Medical equipment",
"Medical technology"
] |
684,210 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean%20curvature | In mathematics, the mean curvature of a surface is an extrinsic measure of curvature that comes from differential geometry and that locally describes the curvature of an embedded surface in some ambient space such as Euclidean space.
The concept was used by Sophie Germain in her work on elasticity theory. Jean Bapti... | Mean curvature | [
"Physics"
] | 887 | [
"Geometric measurement",
"Physical quantities",
"Curvature (mathematics)"
] |
685,179 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwinger%27s%20quantum%20action%20principle | The Schwinger's quantum action principle is a variational approach to quantum mechanics and quantum field theory. This theory was introduced by Julian Schwinger in a series of articles starting 1950.
Approach
In Schwinger's approach, the action principle is targeted towards quantum mechanics. The action becomes a qua... | Schwinger's quantum action principle | [
"Physics"
] | 352 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Perturbation theory"
] |
685,311 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimental%20physics | Experimental physics is the category of disciplines and sub-disciplines in the field of physics that are concerned with the observation of physical phenomena and experiments. Methods vary from discipline to discipline, from simple experiments and observations, such as Galileo's experiments, to more complicated ones, su... | Experimental physics | [
"Physics"
] | 2,510 | [
"Experimental physics"
] |
685,428 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levetiracetam | Levetiracetam, sold under the brand name Keppra among others, is a novel antiepileptic drug (medication) used to treat epilepsy. It is used for partial-onset, myoclonic, or tonic–clonic seizures, and is taken either by mouth as an immediate or extended release formulation or by injection into a vein.
"Levetiracetam wa... | Levetiracetam | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,320 | [
"Stereochemistry",
"Enantiopure drugs"
] |
686,036 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave%20vector | In physics, a wave vector (or wavevector) is a vector used in describing a wave, with a typical unit being cycle per metre. It has a magnitude and direction. Its magnitude is the wavenumber of the wave (inversely proportional to the wavelength), and its direction is perpendicular to the wavefront. In isotropic media, ... | Wave vector | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,395 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Classical mechanics",
"Waves",
"Wave mechanics",
"Vector physical quantities"
] |
9,991,540 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observed%20information | In statistics, the observed information, or observed Fisher information, is the negative of the second derivative (the Hessian matrix) of the "log-likelihood" (the logarithm of the likelihood function). It is a sample-based version of the Fisher information.
Definition
Suppose we observe random variables , independent... | Observed information | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 485 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Applied mathematics",
"Computer science",
"Information theory"
] |
18,021,657 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noether%27s%20second%20theorem | In mathematics and theoretical physics, Noether's second theorem relates symmetries of an action functional with a system of differential equations. The theorem is named after its discoverer, Emmy Noether.
The action S of a physical system is an integral of a so-called Lagrangian function L, from which the system's be... | Noether's second theorem | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,211 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Equations of physics",
"Conservation laws",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Theorems in mathematical physics",
"Geometry",
"Mathematical problems",
"Symmetry",
"Physics theorems"
] |
18,026,038 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bismuth%28III%29%20iodide | Bismuth(III) iodide is the inorganic compound with the formula BiI3. This gray-black salt is the product of the reaction of bismuth and iodine, which once was of interest in qualitative inorganic analysis.
Bismuth(III) iodide adopts a distinctive crystal structure, with iodide centres occupying a hexagonally closest-p... | Bismuth(III) iodide | [
"Chemistry"
] | 393 | [
"Inorganic compounds",
"Metal halides",
"Salts"
] |
18,026,501 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidation%20ratio | Consolidation ratio within network infrastructure for Internet hosting, is the number of virtual servers that can run on each physical host machine. Many companies arrive at that figure through trial and error by stacking virtual machines on top of each other until performance slows to a crawl. “It’s sort of capacity p... | Consolidation ratio | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 143 | [
"Computer networking",
"Computer engineering",
"Computer network stubs",
"Computer science",
"Computing stubs"
] |
4,457,082 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohn%E2%80%93Sham%20equations | The Kohn-Sham equations are a set of mathematical equations used in quantum mechanics to simplify the complex problem of understanding how electrons behave in atoms and molecules. They introduce fictitious non-interacting electrons and use them to find the most stable arrangement of electrons, which helps scientists un... | Kohn–Sham equations | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 695 | [
"Electron",
"Density functional theory",
"Quantum chemistry",
"Equations of physics",
"Molecular physics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Eponymous equations of physics",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
4,458,422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron-withdrawing%20group | An electron-withdrawing group (EWG) is a group or atom that has the ability to draw electron density toward itself and away from other adjacent atoms. This electron density transfer is often achieved by resonance or inductive effects. Electron-withdrawing groups have significant impacts on fundamental chemical processe... | Electron-withdrawing group | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 575 | [
"nan",
"Chemical bonding",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Physical organic chemistry"
] |
4,458,810 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuromodulation | Neuromodulation is the physiological process by which a given neuron uses one or more chemicals to regulate diverse populations of neurons. Neuromodulators typically bind to metabotropic, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) to initiate a second messenger signaling cascade that induces a broad, long-lasting signal. This... | Neuromodulation | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,963 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Neurochemistry"
] |
4,459,356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvated%20electron | A solvated electron is a free electron in a solution, in which it behaves like an anion. An electron's being solvated in a solution means it is bound by the solution. The notation for a solvated electron in formulas of chemical reactions is "e−". Often, discussions of solvated electrons focus on their solutions in ammo... | Solvated electron | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,415 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Electron",
"Physical phenomena",
"Electrides",
"Nuclear chemistry",
"Salts",
"Homogeneous chemical mixtures",
"Waves",
"Radiation",
"nan",
"Nuclear physics",
"Solutions"
] |
4,461,378 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocline | A monocline (or, rarely, a monoform) is a step-like fold in rock strata consisting of a zone of steeper dip within an otherwise horizontal or gently dipping sequence.
Formation
Monoclines may be formed in several different ways (see diagram)
By differential compaction over an underlying structure, particularly a la... | Monocline | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 287 | [
"Deformation (mechanics)",
"Materials science"
] |
14,020,842 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle%20size | Particle size is a notion introduced for comparing dimensions of solid particles (flecks), liquid particles (droplets), or gaseous particles (bubbles). The notion of particle size applies to particles in colloids, in ecology, in granular material (whether airborne or not), and to particles that form a granular material... | Particle size | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,097 | [
"Geometric measurement",
"Colloidal chemistry",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Colloids",
"Size",
"Surface science",
"Physical objects",
"Particles",
"Matter"
] |
14,023,957 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-Methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate%E2%80%94homocysteine%20S-methyltransferase | In enzymology, a 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate—homocysteine S-methyltransferase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
5-methyltetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate + L-homocysteine tetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate + L-methionine
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 5-methyltetrahydropteroylt... | 5-Methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate—homocysteine S-methyltransferase | [
"Biology"
] | 481 | [
"Protein families",
"Protein classification"
] |
14,024,091 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeoyl-CoA%20O-methyltransferase | In enzymology, a caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + caffeoyl-CoA S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + feruloyl-CoA
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are S-adenosyl methionine and caffeoyl-CoA, whereas its two products are S-adenosylhomocystein... | Caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase | [
"Chemistry"
] | 318 | [
"O-methylation",
"Methylation"
] |
14,024,418 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral%20nonstructural%20protein | In virology, a nonstructural protein is a protein encoded by a virus but that is not part of the viral particle. They typically include the various enzymes and transcription factors the virus uses to replicate itself, such as a viral protease (3CL/nsp5, etc.), an RNA replicase or other template-directed polymerases, an... | Viral nonstructural protein | [
"Chemistry"
] | 147 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Protein stubs"
] |
85,746 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoma | In botany, a stoma (: stomata, from Greek στόμα, "mouth"), also called a stomate (: stomates), is a pore found in the epidermis of leaves, stems, and other organs, that controls the rate of gas exchange between the internal air spaces of the leaf and the atmosphere. The pore is bordered by a pair of specialized parench... | Stoma | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 4,419 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Photosynthesis",
"Plants",
"Plant physiology"
] |
85,754 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonon | A phonon is a collective excitation in a periodic, elastic arrangement of atoms or molecules in condensed matter, specifically in solids and some liquids. A type of quasiparticle in physics, a phonon is an excited state in the quantum mechanical quantization of the modes of vibrations for elastic structures of interact... | Phonon | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science"
] | 6,104 | [
"Matter",
"Bosons",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Quasiparticles",
"Subatomic particles"
] |
85,757 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-lunar%20injection | A trans-lunar injection (TLI) is a propulsive maneuver, which is used to send a spacecraft to the Moon. Typical lunar transfer trajectories approximate Hohmann transfers, although low-energy transfers have also been used in some cases, as with the Hiten probe. For short duration missions without significant perturbati... | Trans-lunar injection | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,428 | [
"Astrodynamics",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
85,767 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonymous%20remailer | A pseudonymous remailer or nym server, as opposed to an anonymous remailer, is an Internet software program designed to allow people to write pseudonymous messages on Usenet newsgroups and send pseudonymous email. Unlike purely anonymous remailers, it assigns its users a user name, and it keeps a database of instructi... | Pseudonymous remailer | [
"Engineering"
] | 720 | [
"Network architecture",
"Computer networks engineering"
] |
86,061 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cygnus%20X-1 | Cygnus X-1 (abbreviated Cyg X-1) is a galactic X-ray source in the constellation Cygnus and was the first such source widely accepted to be a black hole. It was discovered in 1964 during a rocket flight and is one of the strongest X-ray sources detectable from Earth, producing a peak X-ray flux density of (). It remai... | Cygnus X-1 | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 4,816 | [
"Black holes",
"Stellar black holes",
"Cygnus (constellation)",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Constellations"
] |
86,092 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile | Bile (from Latin bilis), or gall, is a yellow-green/misty green fluid produced by the liver of most vertebrates that aids the digestion of lipids in the small intestine. In humans, bile is primarily composed of water, is produced continuously by the liver, and is stored and concentrated in the gallbladder. After a huma... | Bile | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,784 | [
"Digestive system",
"Natural products",
"Organic compounds",
"Organ systems",
"Structural biology",
"Biomolecules",
"Biochemistry",
"Molecular biology"
] |
86,113 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winding%20number | In mathematics, the winding number or winding index of a closed curve in the plane around a given point is an integer representing the total number of times that the curve travels counterclockwise around the point, i.e., the curve's number of turns. For certain open plane curves, the number of turns may be a non-intege... | Winding number | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,859 | [
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Topology",
"Algebraic topology"
] |
86,347 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group%20%28periodic%20table%29 | In chemistry, a group (also known as a family) is a column of elements in the periodic table of the chemical elements. There are 18 numbered groups in the periodic table; the 14 f-block columns, between groups 2 and 3, are not numbered. The elements in a group have similar physical or chemical characteristics of the ou... | Group (periodic table) | [
"Chemistry"
] | 993 | [
"Periodic table",
"Groups (periodic table)"
] |
86,350 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period%20%28periodic%20table%29 | A period on the periodic table is a row of chemical elements. All elements in a row have the same number of electron shells. Each next element in a period has one more proton and is less metallic than its predecessor. Arranged this way, elements in the same group (column) have similar chemical and physical properties, ... | Period (periodic table) | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,998 | [
"Periodic table",
"Periods (periodic table)"
] |
87,019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ductility | Ductility refers to the ability of a material to sustain significant plastic deformation before fracture. Plastic deformation is the permanent distortion of a material under applied stress, as opposed to elastic deformation, which is reversible upon removing the stress. Ductility is a critical mechanical performance in... | Ductility | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 3,014 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Continuum mechanics",
"Deformation (mechanics)",
"Classical mechanics",
"Materials science",
"Physical properties"
] |
87,027 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malleability%20%28cryptography%29 | Malleability is a property of some cryptographic algorithms. An encryption algorithm is "malleable" if it is possible to transform a ciphertext into another ciphertext which decrypts to a related plaintext. That is, given an encryption of a plaintext , it is possible to generate another ciphertext which decrypts to , f... | Malleability (cryptography) | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 908 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Cryptography",
"Cybersecurity engineering"
] |
87,175 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herd%20immunity | Herd immunity (also called herd effect, community immunity, population immunity, or mass immunity) is a form of indirect protection that applies only to contagious diseases. It occurs when a sufficient percentage of a population has become immune to an infection, whether through previous infections or vaccination, that... | Herd immunity | [
"Biology",
"Environmental_science"
] | 4,200 | [
"Epidemiology",
"Immunology",
"Vaccination",
"Environmental social science"
] |
87,310 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercavitation | Supercavitation is the use of a cavitation bubble to reduce skin friction drag on a submerged object and enable high speeds. Applications include torpedoes and propellers, but in theory, the technique could be extended to an entire underwater vessel.
Physical principle
Cavitation is the formation of vapour bubbles in... | Supercavitation | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,633 | [
"Piping",
"Chemical engineering",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
87,410 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coral%20reef | A coral reef is an underwater ecosystem characterized by reef-building corals. Reefs are formed of colonies of coral polyps held together by calcium carbonate. Most coral reefs are built from stony corals, whose polyps cluster in groups.
Coral belongs to the class Anthozoa in the animal phylum Cnidaria, which includes... | Coral reef | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology",
"Environmental_science"
] | 13,834 | [
"Hydrology",
"Symbiosis",
"Natural products",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Coral reefs",
"Oceanography",
"Animal products",
"Biogeomorphology",
"Ecosystems"
] |
87,793 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph-Louis%20Lagrange | Joseph-Louis Lagrange (born Giuseppe Luigi Lagrangia or Giuseppe Ludovico De la Grange Tournier; 25 January 1736 – 10 April 1813), also reported as Giuseppe Luigi Lagrange or Lagrangia, was an Italian mathematician, physicist and astronomer, later naturalized French. He made significant contributions to the fields of a... | Joseph-Louis Lagrange | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 6,903 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Lagrangian mechanics",
"Classical mechanics",
"Mathematical analysts",
"Number theorists",
"Number theory",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
87,806 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornucopia | In classical antiquity, the cornucopia (; ), also called the horn of plenty, was a symbol of abundance and nourishment, commonly a large horn-shaped container overflowing with produce, flowers, or nuts. In Greek, it was called the "horn of Amalthea" (), after Amalthea, a nurse of Zeus, who is often part of stories of t... | Cornucopia | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 862 | [
"Visual motifs",
"Symbols",
"Magic items",
"Physical objects",
"Matter"
] |
87,872 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiproton | The antiproton, , (pronounced p-bar) is the antiparticle of the proton. Antiprotons are stable, but they are typically short-lived, since any collision with a proton will cause both particles to be annihilated in a burst of energy.
The existence of the antiproton with electric charge of , opposite to the electric char... | Antiproton | [
"Physics"
] | 1,433 | [
"Antimatter",
"Nucleons",
"Matter",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
87,945 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminator%20%28solar%29 | A terminator or twilight zone is a moving line that divides the daylit side and the dark night side of a planetary body. The terminator is defined as the locus of points on a planet or moon where the line through the center of its parent star is tangent. An observer on the terminator of such an orbiting body with an at... | Terminator (solar) | [
"Physics",
"Technology"
] | 1,207 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Earth phenomena",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Parts of a day",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Waves",
"Light",
"Solar phenomena",
"Stellar phenomena",
"Components"
] |
87,947 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharkovskii%27s%20theorem | In mathematics, Sharkovskii's theorem (also spelled Sharkovsky, Sharkovskiy, Šarkovskii or Sarkovskii), named after Oleksandr Mykolayovych Sharkovsky, who published it in 1964, is a result about discrete dynamical systems. One of the implications of the theorem is that if a discrete dynamical system on the real line ha... | Sharkovskii's theorem | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 966 | [
"Theorems in dynamical systems",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Equations of physics",
"Eponymous theorems of physics",
"Physics theorems",
"Mathematical problems",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
88,168 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilge | The bilge of a ship or boat is the part of the hull that would rest on the ground if the vessel were unsupported by water. The "turn of the bilge" is the transition from the bottom of a hull to the sides of a hull.
Internally, the bilges (usually used in the plural in this context) is the lowest compartment on a ship... | Bilge | [
"Engineering"
] | 879 | [
"Naval architecture",
"Marine engineering"
] |
88,231 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20IBM%20products | The list of IBM products is a partial list of products, services, and subsidiaries of International Business Machines (IBM) Corporation and its predecessor corporations, beginning in the 1890s.
Context
Products, services, and subsidiaries have been offered from International Business Machines (IBM) Corporation and it... | List of IBM products | [
"Technology"
] | 25,407 | [
"Computing-related lists",
"IBM lists"
] |
88,340 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galvanism | Galvanism is a term invented by the late 18th-century physicist and chemist Alessandro Volta to refer to the generation of electric current by chemical action. The term also came to refer to the discoveries of its namesake, Luigi Galvani, specifically the generation of electric current within biological organisms and t... | Galvanism | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,267 | [
"Electrochemistry"
] |
11,437,063 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levomefolic%20acid | Levomefolic acid (INN, also known as L-5-MTHF, L-methylfolate and L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate and (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate, and (6S)-5-MTHF) is the primary biologically active form of folate used at the cellular level for DNA reproduction, the cysteine cycle and the regulation of homocysteine. It is also the form f... | Levomefolic acid | [
"Chemistry"
] | 998 | [
"Organic compounds",
"Coenzymes"
] |
11,437,108 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5%2C10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate | 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate (N5,N10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate; 5,10-CH2-THF) is cofactor in several biochemical reactions. It exists in nature as the diastereoisomer [6R]-5,10-methylene-THF.
As an intermediate in one-carbon metabolism, 5,10-CH2-THF converts to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, 5-formyltetrahydrofolate, an... | 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate | [
"Chemistry"
] | 478 | [
"Organic compounds",
"Coenzymes"
] |
11,437,402 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethyl%20sulfoxide%20%28data%20page%29 | This page provides supplementary chemical data on dimethyl sulfoxide.
Material Safety Data Sheet
The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommend that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source such as SIRI, and follow its direct... | Dimethyl sulfoxide (data page) | [
"Chemistry"
] | 111 | [
"Chemical data pages",
"nan"
] |
11,438,514 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog%20device | Analog devices are a combination of both analog machine and analog media that can together measure, record, reproduce, receive or broadcast continuous information, for example, the almost infinite number of grades of transparency, voltage, resistance, rotation, or pressure. In theory, the continuous information in an a... | Analog device | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 542 | [
"Computer engineering",
"Analog circuits",
"Electronic circuits",
"Electronic engineering",
"Electrical engineering"
] |
11,438,515 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material%20flow%20accounting | Material flow accounting (MFA) is the study of material flows on a national or regional scale. It is therefore sometimes also referred to as regional, national or economy-wide material flow analysis.
Introduction
Material flow accounting provides economy-wide data on material use. Through international standardization... | Material flow accounting | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,158 | [
"Industrial ecology",
"Industrial engineering",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
11,440,843 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonium-242 | Plutonium-242 (Pu or Pu-242) is the second longest-lived isotope of plutonium, with a half-life of 375,000 years. The half-life of Pu is about 15 times that of Pu; so it is one-fifteenth as radioactive, and not one of the larger contributors to nuclear waste radioactivity. Pu's gamma ray emissions are also weaker than ... | Plutonium-242 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 427 | [
"Isotopes of plutonium",
"Isotopes",
"Materials",
"Nuclear materials",
"Matter"
] |
11,443,297 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shear%20force | In solid mechanics, shearing forces are unaligned forces acting on one part of a body in a specific direction, and another part of the body in the opposite direction. When the forces are collinear (aligned with each other), they are called tension forces or compression forces. Shear force can also be defined in terms o... | Shear force | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 544 | [
"Force",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Mass",
"Classical mechanics",
"Construction",
"Civil engineering",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Matter"
] |
19,046,783 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process%20hazard%20analysis | A process hazard analysis (PHA) (or process hazard evaluation) is an exercise for the identification of hazards of a process facility and the qualitative or semi-quantitative assessment of the associated risk. A PHA provides information intended to assist managers and employees in making decisions for improving safety ... | Process hazard analysis | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 447 | [
"Chemical process engineering",
"Safety engineering",
"Process safety"
] |
19,047,010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online%20land%20planning | Online land planning is a collaborative process in which sustainable development practices and design professionals from across the world are networked to provide advice and solutions on urban design and land planning issues. The target audience includes property owners, communities, businesses and government agencies ... | Online land planning | [
"Engineering"
] | 465 | [
"Urban planning",
"Architecture"
] |
19,047,417 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational%20Synergy | Rational Synergy is a software tool that provides software configuration management (SCM) capabilities for all artifacts related to software development including source code, documents and images as well as the final built software executable and libraries. Rational Synergy also provides the repository for the change ... | Rational Synergy | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,189 | [
"Systems engineering",
"Configuration management"
] |
19,047,741 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BChring%27s%20rule | Dühring's rule is a scientific rule developed by Eugen Dühring which states that a linear relationship exists between the temperatures at which two solutions exert the same vapour pressure. The rule is often used to compare a pure liquid and a solution at a given concentration.
Dühring's plot is a graphical represent... | Dühring's rule | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 131 | [
"Thermodynamics stubs",
"Engineering thermodynamics",
"Homogeneous chemical mixtures",
"Thermodynamics",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Solutions",
"Physical chemistry stubs"
] |
19,049,087 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentric%20objects | In geometry, two or more objects are said to be concentric when they share the same center. Any pair of (possibly unalike) objects with well-defined centers can be concentric, including circles, spheres, regular polygons, regular polyhedra, parallelograms, cones, conic sections, and quadrics.
Geometric objects are coa... | Concentric objects | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 816 | [
"Corrosion prevention",
"Point (geometry)",
"Visual motifs",
"Geometric centers",
"Symbols",
"Corrosion",
"Symmetry"
] |
19,057,150 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intersection%20form%20of%20a%204-manifold | In mathematics, the intersection form of an oriented compact 4-manifold is a special symmetric bilinear form on the 2nd (co)homology group of the 4-manifold. It reflects much of the topology of the 4-manifolds, including information on the existence of a smooth structure.
Definition using intersection
Let be a clos... | Intersection form of a 4-manifold | [
"Mathematics"
] | 836 | [
"Topology",
"Geometric topology"
] |
19,057,218 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleaved%20amplified%20polymorphic%20sequence | The cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) method is a technique in molecular biology for the analysis of genetic markers. It is an extension to the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to more quickly analyse the results.
Like RFLP, CAPS works on the pri... | Cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 253 | [
"Genetics techniques",
"DNA profiling techniques",
"Molecular and cellular biology stubs",
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
19,058,043 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertain%20data | In computer science, uncertain data is data that contains noise that makes it deviate from the correct, intended or original values. In the age of big data, uncertainty or data veracity is one of the defining characteristics of data. Data is constantly growing in volume, variety, velocity and uncertainty (1/veracity). ... | Uncertain data | [
"Engineering"
] | 605 | [
"Artificial intelligence engineering",
"Machine learning"
] |
19,058,424 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TESEO | Tecnica Empirica Stima Errori Operatori (TESEO) is a technique in the field of Human reliability Assessment (HRA), that evaluates the probability of a human error occurring throughout the completion of a specific task. From such analyses measures can then be taken to reduce the likelihood of errors occurring within a s... | TESEO | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,070 | [
"Human reliability",
"Reliability engineering"
] |
19,058,606 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HBV%20RNA%20encapsidation%20signal%20epsilon | The HBV RNA encapsidation signal epsilon (HBV_epsilon) is an element essential for HBV virus replication.
It is an RNA structure situated near the 5' end of the HBV pregenomic RNA.
The structure consists of a lower stem, a bulge region, an upper stem and a tri-loop.
The structure was determined and refined through en... | HBV RNA encapsidation signal epsilon | [
"Chemistry"
] | 232 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Molecular and cellular biology stubs"
] |
19,058,746 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technique%20for%20human%20error-rate%20prediction | The Technique for human error-rate prediction (THERP) is a technique that is used in the field of Human Reliability Assessment (HRA) to evaluate the probability of human error occurring throughout the completion of a task. From such an analysis (after calculating a probability of human error in a given task), some cor... | Technique for human error-rate prediction | [
"Engineering"
] | 3,433 | [
"Human reliability",
"Reliability engineering"
] |
19,059,421 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%20error%20assessment%20and%20reduction%20technique | Human error assessment and reduction technique (HEART) is a technique used in the field of human reliability assessment (HRA), for the purposes of evaluating the probability of a human error occurring throughout the completion of a specific task. From such analyses measures can then be taken to reduce the likelihood o... | Human error assessment and reduction technique | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,345 | [
"Human reliability",
"Reliability engineering"
] |
7,736,707 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die%20%28integrated%20circuit%29 | A die, in the context of integrated circuits, is a small block of semiconducting material on which a given functional circuit is fabricated. Typically, integrated circuits are produced in large batches on a single wafer of electronic-grade silicon (EGS) or other semiconductor (such as GaAs) through processes such as ph... | Die (integrated circuit) | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 372 | [
"Computer engineering",
"Integrated circuits"
] |
7,737,918 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Load%20bank | A load bank is a piece of electrical test equipment used to simulate an electrical load, to test an electric power source without connecting it to its normal operating load. During testing, adjustment, calibration, or verification procedures, a load bank is connected to the output of a power source, such as an electri... | Load bank | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,801 | [
"Power (physics)",
"Electrical engineering",
"Electric power",
"Physical quantities"
] |
7,737,980 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incipient%20wetness%20impregnation | Incipient wetness impregnation (IW or IWI), also called capillary impregnation or dry impregnation, is a commonly used technique for the synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts. Typically, the active metal precursor is dissolved in an aqueous or organic solution. Then the metal-containing solution is added to a catalyst s... | Incipient wetness impregnation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 220 | [
"Catalysis",
"Catalysts",
"Materials science stubs",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Materials science",
"nan",
"Chemical reaction stubs",
"Chemical kinetics",
"Chemical process stubs"
] |
7,739,128 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanding | Islanding is the intentional or unintentional division of an interconnected power grid into individual disconnected regions with their own power generation.
Intentional islanding is often performed as a defence in depth to mitigate a cascading blackout. If one island collapses, it will not take neighboring islands wi... | Islanding | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 2,435 | [
"Power (physics)",
"Electrical engineering",
"Electric power",
"Physical quantities"
] |
7,739,252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elasticity%20tensor | The elasticity tensor is a fourth-rank tensor describing the stress-strain relation in
a linear elastic material. Other names are elastic modulus tensor and stiffness tensor. Common symbols include and .
The defining equation can be written as
where and are the components of the Cauchy stress tensor and infinitesi... | Elasticity tensor | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,436 | [
"Tensors",
"Physical quantities",
"Continuum mechanics",
"Quantity",
"Tensor physical quantities",
"Classical mechanics"
] |
7,739,570 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigner%20D-matrix | The Wigner D-matrix is a unitary matrix in an irreducible representation of the groups SU(2) and SO(3). It was introduced in 1927 by Eugene Wigner, and plays a fundamental role in the quantum mechanical theory of angular momentum. The complex conjugate of the D-matrix is an eigenfunction of the Hamiltonian of spherical... | Wigner D-matrix | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,555 | [
"Matrices (mathematics)",
"Mathematical objects",
"Symmetry",
"Rotational symmetry"
] |
7,740,082 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parry%E2%80%93Sullivan%20invariant | In mathematics, the Parry–Sullivan invariant (or Parry–Sullivan number) is a numerical quantity of interest in the study of incidence matrices in graph theory, and of certain one-dimensional dynamical systems. It provides a partial classification of non-trivial irreducible incidence matrices.
It is named after the Eng... | Parry–Sullivan invariant | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 169 | [
"Graph theory stubs",
"Mathematical objects",
"Graph theory",
"Matrices (mathematics)",
"Algebraic graph theory",
"Graph invariants",
"Mechanics",
"Mathematical relations",
"Matrix stubs",
"Algebra",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
5,889,331 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed/dual%20cycle | The dual combustion cycle (also known as the mixed cycle, Trinkler cycle, Seiliger cycle or Sabathe cycle) is a thermal cycle that is a combination of the Otto cycle and the Diesel cycle, first introduced by Russian-German engineer Gustav Trinkler, who never claimed to have developed the cycle himself. Heat is added pa... | Mixed/dual cycle | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 236 | [
"Thermodynamics stubs",
"Physical chemistry stubs",
"Thermodynamics"
] |
5,895,015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inertial%20fusion%20power%20plant | Inertial Fusion Energy is a proposed approach to building a nuclear fusion power plant based on performing inertial confinement fusion at industrial scale. This approach to fusion power is still in a research phase. ICF first developed shortly after the development of the laser in 1960, but was a classified US resear... | Inertial fusion power plant | [
"Physics"
] | 2,190 | [
"Nuclear technology",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
5,895,033 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platelet-derived%20growth%20factor%20receptor | Platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGF-R) are cell surface tyrosine kinase receptors for members of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family. PDGF subunits -A and -B are important factors regulating cell proliferation, cellular differentiation, cell growth, development and many diseases including cancer... | Platelet-derived growth factor receptor | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,790 | [
"Growth factors",
"Signal transduction",
"Biochemistry",
"Neurochemistry",
"Tyrosine kinase receptors"
] |
5,895,398 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombin%20receptor | There are three known thrombin receptors (ThrR), termed PAR1, PAR3 and PAR4 (PAR for protease-activated receptor).
G-protein-coupled receptors that are responsible for the coagulation effects and responses of thrombin on cells are known as protease-activated receptors, or PARs. These receptors are members of the 7-tra... | Thrombin receptor | [
"Chemistry"
] | 654 | [
"G protein-coupled receptors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
15,110,024 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitive%20model | In mathematical set theory, a transitive model is a model of set theory that is standard and transitive. Standard means that the membership relation is the usual one, and transitive means that the model is a transitive set or class.
Examples
An inner model is a transitive model containing all ordinals.
A countable tra... | Transitive model | [
"Mathematics"
] | 168 | [
"Mathematical logic",
"Set theory"
] |
16,824,055 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True%20polar%20wander | True polar wander is a solid-body rotation (or reorientation) of a planet or moon with respect to its spin axis, causing the geographic locations of the north and south poles to change, or "wander". In rotational equilibrium, a planetary body has the largest moment of inertia axis aligned with the spin axis, with the s... | True polar wander | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,178 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Geodesy"
] |
16,831,188 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric%20and%20material%20buckling | Geometric buckling is a measure of neutron leakage and material buckling is a measure of the difference between neutron production and neutron absorption. When nuclear fission occurs inside of a nuclear reactor, neutrons are produced. These neutrons then, to state it simply, either react with the fuel in the reactor or... | Geometric and material buckling | [
"Physics"
] | 537 | [
"Nuclear technology",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
16,835,402 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZNF268 | Zinc finger protein 268 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF268 gene. ZNF268 is associated with cervical cancer.
References
Further reading | ZNF268 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 37 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Protein stubs"
] |
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