id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
16,796,643 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain%20%28mathematical%20analysis%29 | In mathematical analysis, a domain or region is a non-empty, connected, and open set in a topological space. In particular, it is any non-empty connected open subset of the real coordinate space or the complex coordinate space . A connected open subset of coordinate space is frequently used for the domain of a functio... | Domain (mathematical analysis) | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 727 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Topology",
"Space",
"Geometry",
"Spacetime"
] |
16,801,419 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spheroidal%20wave%20function | Spheroidal wave functions are solutions of the Helmholtz equation that are found by writing the equation in spheroidal coordinates and applying the technique of separation of variables, just like the use of spherical coordinates lead to spherical harmonics. They are called oblate spheroidal wave functions if oblate sp... | Spheroidal wave function | [
"Mathematics"
] | 297 | [
"Special functions",
"Applied mathematics",
"Applied mathematics stubs",
"Combinatorics"
] |
16,801,509 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonstandard%20finite%20difference%20scheme | Nonstandard finite difference schemes is a general set of methods in numerical analysis that gives numerical solutions to differential equations by constructing a discrete model. The general rules for such schemes are not precisely known.
Overview
A finite difference (FD) model of a differential equation (DE) can be f... | Nonstandard finite difference scheme | [
"Mathematics"
] | 455 | [
"Mathematical relations",
"Computational mathematics",
"Approximations",
"Numerical analysis"
] |
9,962,898 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermogenic%20plant | Thermogenic plants have the ability to raise their temperature above that of the surrounding air. Heat is generated in the mitochondria, as a secondary process of cellular respiration called thermogenesis. Alternative oxidase and uncoupling proteins similar to those found in mammals enable the process, which is still p... | Thermogenic plant | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 867 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Plant physiology",
"Physical phenomena",
"Heat transfer",
"Plants",
"Organisms by adaptation",
"Thermodynamics",
"Plants by adaptation"
] |
9,966,817 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modes%20of%20convergence | In mathematics, there are many senses in which a sequence or a series is said to be convergent. This article describes various modes (senses or species) of convergence in the settings where they are defined. For a list of modes of convergence, see Modes of convergence (annotated index)
Each of the following objects ... | Modes of convergence | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,140 | [
"Sequences and series",
"Functions and mappings",
"Convergence (mathematics)",
"Mathematical structures",
"Mathematical objects",
"Topology",
"Mathematical relations",
"Space",
"Geometry",
"Spacetime"
] |
9,970,499 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Este | Este may refer to:
Geography
Este (woreda), a district in Ethiopia
Este, Veneto, a town in Italy
Este (Málaga), a district in Spain
Este (river), a river in Germany
Este (São Pedro), a parish in Portugal
Este (São Mamede), a parish in Portugal
People
House of Este, a European dynasty
Dukes of Ferrara and o... | Este | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 217 | [
"Topology",
"Space",
"Geometry",
"Spacetime",
"Orientation (geometry)"
] |
4,443,719 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beam%20parameter%20product | In laser science, the beam parameter product (BPP) is the product of a laser beam's divergence angle (half-angle) and the radius of the beam at its narrowest point (the beam waist). The BPP quantifies the quality of a laser beam, and how well it can be focused to a small spot.
A Gaussian beam has the lowest possible B... | Beam parameter product | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 713 | [
"Optical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Physical quantities"
] |
4,444,573 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dip-coating | Dip coating is an industrial coating process which is used, for example, to manufacture bulk products such as coated fabrics and condoms and specialised coatings for example in the biomedical field. Dip coating is also commonly used in academic research, where many chemical and nano material engineering research projec... | Dip-coating | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics"
] | 990 | [
"Thin film deposition",
"Coatings",
"Thin films",
"Planes (geometry)",
"Solid state engineering"
] |
4,444,651 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evil%20number | In number theory, an evil number is a non-negative integer that has an even number of 1s in its binary expansion. These numbers give the positions of the zero values in the Thue–Morse sequence, and for this reason they have also been called the Thue–Morse set. Non-negative integers that are not evil are called odious n... | Evil number | [
"Mathematics"
] | 243 | [
"Sequences and series",
"Integer sequences",
"Mathematical structures",
"Recreational mathematics",
"Mathematical objects",
"Combinatorics",
"Numbers",
"Number theory"
] |
4,446,319 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20run-on | A nuclear run-on assay is conducted to identify the genes that are being transcribed at a certain time point. Approximately one million cell nuclei are isolated and incubated with labeled nucleotides, and genes in the process of being transcribed are detected by hybridization of extracted RNA to gene specific probes on... | Nuclear run-on | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 650 | [
"Genetics techniques",
"Gene expression",
"Genetic engineering",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
4,446,652 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowmelt | In hydrology, snowmelt is surface runoff produced from melting snow. It can also be used to describe the period or season during which such runoff is produced. Water produced by snowmelt is an important part of the annual water cycle in many parts of the world, in some cases contributing high fractions of the annual ru... | Snowmelt | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,104 | [
"Hydrology",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
4,447,184 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homoiconicity | In computer programming, homoiconicity (from the Greek words homo- meaning "the same" and icon meaning "representation") is an informal property of some programming languages. A language is homoiconic if a program written in it can be manipulated as data using the language. The program's internal representation can thu... | Homoiconicity | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,169 | [
"Software engineering",
"Programming language topics"
] |
4,447,338 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1%2C4%2C7-Triazacyclononane | 1,4,7-Triazacyclononane, known as "TACN" which is pronounced "tack-en," is an aza-crown ether with the formula (C2H4NH)3. TACN is derived, formally speaking, from cyclononane by replacing three equidistant CH2 groups with NH groups. TACN is one of the oligomers derived from aziridine, C2H4NH. Other members of the serie... | 1,4,7-Triazacyclononane | [
"Chemistry"
] | 944 | [
"Organic compounds",
"Chelating agents",
"Macrocycles",
"Process chemicals"
] |
679,218 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESC/Java | ESC/Java (and more recently ESC/Java2), the "Extended Static Checker for Java," is a programming tool that attempts to find common run-time errors in Java programs at compile time. The underlying approach used in ESC/Java is referred to as extended static checking, which is a collective name referring to a range of te... | ESC/Java | [
"Mathematics"
] | 652 | [
"Formal methods tools",
"Mathematical software"
] |
679,294 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuse%20reflection | Diffuse reflection is the reflection of light or other waves or particles from a surface such that a ray incident on the surface is scattered at many angles rather than at just one angle as in the case of specular reflection. An ideal diffuse reflecting surface is said to exhibit Lambertian reflection, meaning that the... | Diffuse reflection | [
"Physics"
] | 1,619 | [
"Optical phenomena",
"Physical phenomena"
] |
679,582 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypocenter | A hypocenter or hypocentre (), also called ground zero or surface zero, is the point on the Earth's surface directly below a nuclear explosion, meteor air burst, or other mid-air explosion. In seismology, the hypocenter of an earthquake is its point of origin below ground; a synonym is the focus of an earthquake.
Gene... | Hypocenter | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,285 | [
"Point (geometry)",
"Geometric centers",
"Symmetry"
] |
679,596 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous%20wavelet%20transform | In mathematics, the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is a formal (i.e., non-numerical) tool that provides an overcomplete representation of a signal by letting the translation and scale parameter of the wavelets vary continuously.
Definition
The continuous wavelet transform of a function at a scale and translation... | Continuous wavelet transform | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,005 | [
"Theory of continuous functions",
"Topology"
] |
679,919 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girdler%20sulfide%20process | The Girdler sulfide (GS) process, also known as the GeibSpevack (GS) process, is an industrial production method for extracting heavy water (deuterium oxide, D2O) from natural water. Heavy water is used in particle research, in deuterium NMR spectroscopy, deuterated solvents for proton NMR spectroscopy, heavy water nu... | Girdler sulfide process | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,001 | [
"Name reactions"
] |
680,115 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelation%20therapy | Chelation therapy is a medical procedure that involves the administration of chelating agents to remove heavy metals from the body. Chelation therapy has a long history of use in clinical toxicology and remains in use for some very specific medical treatments, although it is administered under very careful medical supe... | Chelation therapy | [
"Chemistry"
] | 3,033 | [
"Metal metabolism",
"Metabolism"
] |
681,185 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress%20concentration | In solid mechanics, a stress concentration (also called a stress raiser or a stress riser or notch sensitivity) is a location in an object where the stress is significantly greater than the surrounding region. Stress concentrations occur when there are irregularities in the geometry or material of a structural componen... | Stress concentration | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,653 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Elasticity (physics)",
"Deformation (mechanics)",
"nan",
"Physical properties"
] |
681,241 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creep%20%28deformation%29 | In materials science, creep (sometimes called cold flow) is the tendency of a solid material to undergo slow deformation while subject to persistent mechanical stresses. It can occur as a result of long-term exposure to high levels of stress that are still below the yield strength of the material. Creep is more severe ... | Creep (deformation) | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 8,553 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Elasticity (physics)",
"Deformation (mechanics)",
"Materials science",
"Materials degradation",
"Physical properties"
] |
681,579 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasiparticle | In condensed matter physics, a quasiparticle is a concept used to describe a collective behavior of a group of particles that can be treated as if they were a single particle. Formally, quasiparticles and collective excitations are closely related phenomena that arise when a microscopically complicated system such as a... | Quasiparticle | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 2,778 | [
"Quantum phases",
"Matter",
"Physical phenomena",
"Phases of matter",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Materials science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Quasiparticles",
"Mesoscopic physics",
"Subatomic particles"
] |
681,582 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective%20field%20theory | In physics, an effective field theory is a type of approximation, or effective theory, for an underlying physical theory, such as a quantum field theory or a statistical mechanics model. An effective field theory includes the appropriate degrees of freedom to describe physical phenomena occurring at a chosen length sca... | Effective field theory | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,411 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Physical phenomena",
"Matter",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Critical phenomena",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Renormalization group",
"Phases of matter",
"Materials science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"nan",
"Nuclear physics",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Chem... |
681,895 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20geometry | In theoretical physics, quantum geometry is the set of mathematical concepts that generalize geometry to describe physical phenomena at distance scales comparable to the Planck length. At such distances, quantum mechanics has a profound effect on physical phenomena.
Quantum gravity
Each theory of quantum gravity uses... | Quantum geometry | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 645 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Quantum gravity",
"Mathematical physics",
"Physics beyond the Standard Model"
] |
681,962 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coupling%20constant | In physics, a coupling constant or gauge coupling parameter (or, more simply, a coupling), is a number that determines the strength of the force exerted in an interaction. Originally, the coupling constant related the force acting between two static bodies to the "charges" of the bodies (i.e. the electric charge for e... | Coupling constant | [
"Physics"
] | 2,734 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Physical phenomena",
"Theoretical physics",
"Critical phenomena",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Renormalization group",
"Statistical mechanics"
] |
682,635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelength-dispersive%20X-ray%20spectroscopy | Wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDXS or WDS) is a non-destructive analysis technique used to obtain elemental information about a range of materials by measuring characteristic x-rays within a small wavelength range. The technique generates a spectrum in which the peaks correspond to specific x-ray lines and ... | Wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 792 | [
"Emission spectroscopy",
"X-ray spectroscopy",
"Spectroscopy",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)"
] |
682,642 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy-dispersive%20X-ray%20spectroscopy | Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS, EDX, EDXS or XEDS), sometimes called energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA or EDAX) or energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDXMA), is an analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. It relies on an interaction of some sourc... | Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,978 | [
"X-rays",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Measuring instruments",
"X-ray spectroscopy",
"Spectroscopy"
] |
83,909 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graham%27s%20law | Graham's law of effusion (also called Graham's law of diffusion) was formulated by Scottish physical chemist Thomas Graham in 1848. Graham found experimentally that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the molar mass of its particles. This formula is stated as:
,
where:
Rate1 is... | Graham's law | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,221 | [
"Gas laws"
] |
84,026 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metre%20%28music%29 | In music, metre (British spelling) or meter (American spelling) refers to regularly recurring patterns and accents such as bars and beats. Unlike rhythm, metric onsets are not necessarily sounded, but are nevertheless implied by the performer (or performers) and expected by the listener.
A variety of systems exist thr... | Metre (music) | [
"Physics"
] | 4,454 | [
"Spacetime",
"Rhythm and meter",
"Physical quantities",
"Time"
] |
84,130 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal%20governor | A centrifugal governor is a specific type of governor with a feedback system that controls the speed of an engine by regulating the flow of fuel or working fluid, so as to maintain a near-constant speed. It uses the principle of proportional control.
Centrifugal governors, also known as "centrifugal regulators" and "f... | Centrifugal governor | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,314 | [
"Machines",
"Control devices",
"Physical systems",
"Rotating machines",
"Control engineering",
"Mechanics",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Mechanical power control",
"Mechanisms (engineering)"
] |
84,139 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketosis | Ketosis is a metabolic state characterized by elevated levels of ketone bodies in the blood or urine. Physiological ketosis is a normal response to low glucose availability. In physiological ketosis, ketones in the blood are elevated above baseline levels, but the body's acid–base homeostasis is maintained. This contra... | Ketosis | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,733 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Metabolism",
"Cellular processes"
] |
84,397 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deborah%20number | The Deborah number (De) is a dimensionless number, often used in rheology to characterize the fluidity of materials under specific flow conditions. It quantifies the observation that given enough time even a solid-like material might flow, or a fluid-like material can act solid when it is deformed rapidly enough. Mater... | Deborah number | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,026 | [
"Piping",
"Chemical engineering",
"Rheology",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
84,400 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-point%20energy | Zero-point energy (ZPE) is the lowest possible energy that a quantum mechanical system may have. Unlike in classical mechanics, quantum systems constantly fluctuate in their lowest energy state as described by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Therefore, even at absolute zero, atoms and molecules retain some vibrat... | Zero-point energy | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 17,794 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Phases of matter",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Thermodynamics",
"Dynamical systems",
"Quantum phases",
"Applied mathematics",
"Materials science",
"Energy (physics)",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Theoretical physics",
"Condensed matte... |
84,539 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toma%C5%BE%20Pisanski | Tomaž (Tomo) Pisanski (born 24 May 1949 in Ljubljana, Yugoslavia, which is now in Slovenia) is a Slovenian mathematician working mainly in discrete mathematics and graph theory. He is considered by many Slovenian mathematicians to be the "father of Slovenian discrete mathematics."
Biography
As a high school student, P... | Tomaž Pisanski | [
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,247 | [
"Drug discovery",
"Applied mathematics",
"Graph theory",
"Computational chemists",
"Molecular modelling",
"Mathematical chemistry",
"Computational chemistry",
"Theoretical chemists",
"Theoretical chemistry",
"Mathematical relations",
"Graph theorists"
] |
85,151 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloacina | Cloacina was a goddess who presided over the Cloaca Maxima ('Greatest Drain'), the main interceptor discharge outfall of the system of sewers in Rome.
Name
The theonym Cloācīna is a derivative of the noun cloāca ('sewer, underground drainage'; cf. cluere 'to purify'), itself from Proto-Italic *klowā-, ultimately from... | Cloacina | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 540 | [
"Sewerage",
"Water pollution",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
85,331 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High%20pressure | In science and engineering the study of high pressure examines its effects on materials and the design and construction of devices, such as a diamond anvil cell, which can create high pressure. High pressure usually means pressures of thousands (kilobars) or millions (megabars) of times atmospheric pressure (about 1 ba... | High pressure | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 513 | [
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Mechanical quantities",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Physical quantities",
"Pressure",
"Materials science",
"nan",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities"
] |
85,411 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH%20indicator | A pH indicator is a halochromic chemical compound added in small amounts to a solution so the pH (acidity or basicity) of the solution can be determined visually or spectroscopically by changes in absorption and/or emission properties. Hence, a pH indicator is a chemical detector for hydronium ions (H3O+) or hydrogen i... | PH indicator | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,895 | [
"Titration",
"Instrumental analysis",
"PH indicators",
"Chromism",
"Chemical tests",
"Equilibrium chemistry"
] |
85,425 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalloid | A metalloid is a chemical element which has a preponderance of properties in between, or that are a mixture of, those of metals and nonmetals. The word metalloid comes from the Latin metallum ("metal") and the Greek oeides ("resembling in form or appearance"). There is no standard definition of a metalloid and no compl... | Metalloid | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 32,215 | [
"Periodic table",
"Matter",
"Metals",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Phases of matter",
"Materials science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"nan",
"Chemical physics"
] |
85,620 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generation%20ship | A generation ship, generation starship or world ship, is a hypothetical type of interstellar ark starship that travels at sub-light speed. Since such a ship might require hundreds to thousands of years to reach nearby stars, the original occupants of a generation ship would grow old and die, leaving their descendants t... | Generation ship | [
"Astronomy",
"Technology"
] | 1,728 | [
"Hypothetical spacecraft",
"Astronomical hypotheses",
"Interstellar travel",
"Exploratory engineering"
] |
13,987,435 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitrakinra | Pitrakinra (trade name Aerovant) is a 15-kDa human recombinant protein of wild-type human interleukin-4 (IL-4). It is an IL-4 and IL-13 antagonist that has been studied in a phase IIb clinical trial for the treatment of asthma. Two point mutations on pitrakinra (position 121 mutated from arginine to aspartic acid and p... | Pitrakinra | [
"Biology"
] | 919 | [
"Recombinant proteins",
"Biotechnology products"
] |
13,998,668 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer%20immunology | Cancer immunology (immuno-oncology) is an interdisciplinary branch of biology and a sub-discipline of immunology that is concerned with understanding the role of the immune system in the progression and development of cancer; the most well known application is cancer immunotherapy, which utilises the immune system as a... | Cancer immunology | [
"Biology"
] | 2,318 | [
"Branches of immunology"
] |
3,272,644 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20chemical%20engineering | Chemical engineering is a discipline that was developed out of those practicing "industrial chemistry" in the late 19th century. Before the Industrial Revolution (18th century), industrial chemicals and other consumer products such as soap were mainly produced through batch processing. Batch processing is labour-intens... | History of chemical engineering | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,109 | [
"Chemical engineering",
"History of the chemical industry",
"nan"
] |
3,275,398 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird%20intelligence | The difficulty of defining or measuring intelligence in non-human animals makes the subject difficult to study scientifically in birds. In general, birds have relatively large brains compared to their head size. Furthermore, bird brains have two-to-four times the neuron packing density of mammal brains, for higher over... | Bird intelligence | [
"Biology"
] | 5,316 | [
"Behavior by type of animal",
"Behavior",
"Bird behavior"
] |
17,990,982 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion%20gradient | A diffusion gradient is a gradient in the rates of diffusion of multiple groups of molecules through a medium or substrate. The groups of molecules may constitute multiple substances, portions of the same substance that have different temperatures, or other differentiable groupings. The analysis of diffusion gradients ... | Diffusion gradient | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 136 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Diffusion"
] |
17,993,374 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron%28III%29%20chromate | Iron(III) chromate is the iron(III) salt of chromic acid with the chemical formula Fe2(CrO4)3.
Discovery
Iron(III) chromate was discovered by Samuel Hibbert-Ware in 1817 while visiting Shetland.
Production
It may be formed by the salt metathesis reaction of potassium chromate and iron(III) nitrate, which gives potass... | Iron(III) chromate | [
"Chemistry"
] | 179 | [
"Inorganic compounds",
"Redox",
"Oxidizing agents",
"Inorganic compound stubs",
"Salts",
"Chromates"
] |
17,996,959 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable%20consumption | Sustainable consumption (sometimes abbreviated to "SC") is the use of products and services in ways that minimizes impacts on the environment.
Sustainable consumption can be undertaken in such a way that needs are met for present-day humans and also for future generations. Sustainable consumption is often paralleled w... | Sustainable consumption | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 4,133 | [
"Environmental social science concepts",
"Environmental mitigation",
"Environmental social science",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
17,998,857 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E.%20coli%20long-term%20evolution%20experiment | The E. coli long-term evolution experiment (LTEE''') is an ongoing study in experimental evolution begun by Richard Lenski at the University of California, Irvine, carried on by Lenski and colleagues at Michigan State University, and currently overseen by Jeffrey Barrick at the University of Texas at Austin. It has bee... | E. coli long-term evolution experiment | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 6,218 | [
"Evolutionary biology",
"Evolutionary processes",
"Molecular evolution",
"Model organisms",
"Molecular biology",
"Escherichia coli"
] |
18,001,499 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayesian%20efficiency | Bayesian efficiency is an analog of Pareto efficiency for situations in which there is incomplete information. Under Pareto efficiency, an allocation of a resource is Pareto efficient if there is no other allocation of that resource that makes no one worse off while making some agents strictly better off. A limitation ... | Bayesian efficiency | [
"Mathematics"
] | 448 | [
"Mathematical optimization",
"Mathematical analysis",
"Game theory"
] |
1,711,063 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerodynamic%20heating | Aerodynamic heating is the heating of a solid body produced by its high-speed passage through air. In science and engineering, an understanding of aerodynamic heating is necessary for predicting the behaviour of meteoroids which enter the Earth's atmosphere, to ensure spacecraft safely survive atmospheric reentry, and ... | Aerodynamic heating | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,352 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Heat transfer",
"Aerodynamics",
"Atmospheric entry",
"Thermodynamics",
"Aerospace engineering",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
1,711,423 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wurtz%20reaction | In organic chemistry, the Wurtz reaction, named after Charles Adolphe Wurtz, is a coupling reaction in which two alkyl halides are treated with sodium metal to form a higher alkane.
2 R−X + 2 Na → R−R + 2 NaX
The reaction is of little value except for intramolecular versions, such as 1,6-dibromohexane + 2 Na → cyclohe... | Wurtz reaction | [
"Chemistry"
] | 693 | [
"Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions",
"Coupling reactions",
"Organic reactions",
"Name reactions",
"Condensation reactions"
] |
1,711,465 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coupling%20reaction | In organic chemistry, a coupling reaction is a type of reaction in which two reactant molecules are bonded together. Such reactions often require the aid of a metal catalyst. In one important reaction type, a main group organometallic compound of the type R-M (where R = organic group, M = main group centre metal atom) ... | Coupling reaction | [
"Chemistry"
] | 263 | [
"Catalysis",
"Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions",
"Coupling reactions",
"Organic reactions",
"Chemical kinetics",
"Organometallic chemistry"
] |
1,711,590 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Renewable%20Energy%20Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in the US specializes in the research and development of renewable energy, energy efficiency, energy systems integration, and sustainable transportation. NREL is a federally funded research and development center sponsored by the Department of Energy and operated by the A... | National Renewable Energy Laboratory | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,845 | [
"Energy research institutes",
"Energy organizations"
] |
1,714,290 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neighbourhood%20system | In topology and related areas of mathematics, the neighbourhood system, complete system of neighbourhoods, or neighbourhood filter for a point in a topological space is the collection of all neighbourhoods of
Definitions
Neighbourhood of a point or set
An of a point (or subset) in a topological space is any ope... | Neighbourhood system | [
"Mathematics"
] | 845 | [
"General topology",
"Topology"
] |
1,714,439 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samarium%E2%80%93cobalt%20magnet | A samarium–cobalt (SmCo) magnet, a type of rare-earth magnet, is a strong permanent magnet made of two basic elements: samarium and cobalt.
They were developed in the early 1960s based on work done by Karl Strnat at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and Alden Ray at the University of Dayton. In particular, Strnat and Ra... | Samarium–cobalt magnet | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,830 | [
"Ferromagnetic materials",
"Electric and magnetic fields in matter",
"Materials science",
"Magnetic alloys",
"Materials",
"Alloys",
"Matter",
"Cobalt alloys"
] |
1,715,797 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water%20splitting | Water splitting is the chemical reaction in which water is broken down into oxygen and hydrogen:
Efficient and economical water splitting would be a technological breakthrough that could underpin a hydrogen economy. A version of water splitting occurs in photosynthesis, but hydrogen is not produced. The reverse of wat... | Water splitting | [
"Chemistry",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,482 | [
"Chemical energy sources",
"Environmental chemistry",
"Industrial gases",
"nan",
"Fuels",
"Chemical process engineering"
] |
1,715,834 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water%E2%80%93gas%20shift%20reaction | The water–gas shift reaction (WGSR) describes the reaction of carbon monoxide and water vapor to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen:
CO + H2O CO2 + H2
The water gas shift reaction was discovered by Italian physicist Felice Fontana in 1780. It was not until much later that the industrial value of this reaction was reali... | Water–gas shift reaction | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,315 | [
"Inorganic reactions",
"Chemical processes",
"Industrial gases",
"nan",
"Chemical process engineering"
] |
15,089,522 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category%20of%20topological%20vector%20spaces | In mathematics, the category of topological vector spaces is the category whose objects are topological vector spaces and whose morphisms are continuous linear maps between them. This is a category because the composition of two continuous linear maps is again a continuous linear map. The category is often denoted TVe... | Category of topological vector spaces | [
"Mathematics"
] | 649 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Vector spaces",
"Topological vector spaces",
"Space (mathematics)",
"Category theory",
"Categories in category theory"
] |
15,094,186 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph%20automorphism | In the mathematical field of graph theory, an automorphism of a graph is a form of symmetry in which the graph is mapped onto itself while preserving the edge–vertex connectivity.
Formally, an automorphism of a graph is a permutation of the vertex set , such that the pair of vertices form an edge if and only if the... | Graph automorphism | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,139 | [
"Mathematical relations",
"Graph theory",
"Algebra",
"Algebraic graph theory"
] |
15,096,444 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper%20model | Paper models, also called card models or papercraft, are models constructed mainly from sheets of heavy paper, paperboard, card stock, or foam.
Details
This may be considered a broad category that contains origami and card modeling. Origami is the process of making a paper model by folding a single piece of paper wi... | Paper model | [
"Physics"
] | 1,316 | [
"Scale modeling"
] |
2,390,407 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogic | The Dogic () is an icosahedron-shaped puzzle like the Rubik's Cube. The 5 triangles meeting at its tips may be rotated, or 5 entire faces (including the triangles) around the tip may be rotated. It has a total of 80 movable pieces to rearrange, compared to the 20 pieces in the Rubik's Cube.
History
The Dogic was pat... | Dogic | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,174 | [
"Recreational mathematics",
"Mechanical puzzles"
] |
2,390,915 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron%20spectrometer | An electron spectrometer is a device used to perform different forms of electron spectroscopy and electron microscopy. This requires analyzing the energy of an incoming beam of electrons. Most electron spectrometers use a hemispherical electron energy analyzer in which the beam of electrons is bent with electric or mag... | Electron spectrometer | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Astronomy"
] | 566 | [
"Spectroscopy stubs",
"Electron",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Electron spectroscopy",
"Electron beam",
"Astronomy stubs",
"Spectrometers",
"Molecular physics stubs",
"Spectroscopy",
"Physical chemistry stubs"
] |
2,392,005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blum%20axioms | In computational complexity theory the Blum axioms or Blum complexity axioms are axioms that specify desirable properties of complexity measures on the set of computable functions. The axioms were first defined by Manuel Blum in 1967.
Importantly, Blum's speedup theorem and the Gap theorem hold for any complexity mea... | Blum axioms | [
"Mathematics"
] | 307 | [
"Mathematical logic",
"Mathematical axioms"
] |
2,392,113 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stretched%20tuning | Stretched tuning is a detail of musical tuning, applied to wire-stringed musical instruments, older, non-digital electric pianos (such as the Fender Rhodes piano and Wurlitzer electric piano), and some sample-based synthesizers based on these instruments, to accommodate the natural inharmonicity of their vibrating elem... | Stretched tuning | [
"Physics"
] | 1,647 | [
"Classical mechanics",
"Acoustics"
] |
2,392,912 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peek%27s%20law | In physics, Peek's law defines the electric potential gap necessary for triggering a corona discharge between two wires:
ev is the "visual critical corona voltage" or "corona inception voltage" (CIV), the voltage required to initiate a visible corona discharge between the wires. It is named after Frank William Pee... | Peek's law | [
"Physics"
] | 300 | [
"Equations of physics",
"Plasma physics equations"
] |
2,393,371 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quazepam | Quazepam, sold under the brand name Doral among others, is a relatively long-acting benzodiazepine derivative drug developed by the Schering Corporation in the 1970s. Quazepam is used for the treatment of insomnia, including sleep induction and sleep maintenance. Quazepam induces impairment of motor function and has re... | Quazepam | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,343 | [
"Hypnotics",
"Behavior",
"Sleep",
"Functional groups",
"Thioamides"
] |
19,033,652 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CA%2015-3 | CA 15-3, for Carcinoma Antigen 15-3, is a tumor marker for many types of cancer, most notably breast cancer.
It is derived from MUC1. CA 15-3 and associated CA 27-29 are different epitopes on the same protein antigen product of the breast cancer-associated MUC1 gene.
Elevated CA15-3, in conjunction with alkaline phos... | CA 15-3 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 163 | [
"Chemical pathology",
"Tumor markers",
"Biomarkers"
] |
11,415,750 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diethylaminosulfur%20trifluoride | Diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST) is the organosulfur compound with the formula Et2NSF3. This liquid is a fluorinating reagent used for the synthesis of organofluorine compounds. The compound is colourless; older samples assume an orange colour.
Use in organic synthesis
DAST converts alcohols to the corresponding ... | Diethylaminosulfur trifluoride | [
"Chemistry"
] | 600 | [
"Organic compounds",
"Fluorinating agents",
"Organosulfur compounds",
"Reagents for organic chemistry"
] |
11,415,890 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmonds%20matrix | In graph theory, the Edmonds matrix of a balanced bipartite graph with sets of vertices and is defined by
where the xij are indeterminates. One application of the Edmonds matrix of a bipartite graph is that the graph admits a perfect matching if and only if the polynomial det(Aij) in the xij is not identicall... | Edmonds matrix | [
"Mathematics"
] | 157 | [
"Graph theory stubs",
"Graph theory",
"Mathematical relations",
"Algebra",
"Algebraic graph theory"
] |
11,419,890 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PYTHIA | PYTHIA is a computer simulation program for predicting events at very high energies in particle accelerators.
History
PYTHIA was originally written in FORTRAN 77, until the 2007 release of PYTHIA 8.1 which was rewritten in C++. Both the Fortran and C++ versions were maintained until 2012 because not all components had... | PYTHIA | [
"Physics"
] | 259 | [
"Computational physics",
"Particle physics",
"Particle physics stubs",
"Computational physics stubs",
"Physics software"
] |
11,420,641 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5.8S%20ribosomal%20RNA | In molecular biology, the 5.8S ribosomal RNA (5.8S rRNA) is a non-coding RNA component of the large subunit of the eukaryotic ribosome and so plays an important role in protein translation. It is transcribed by RNA polymerase I as part of the 45S precursor that also contains 18S and 28S rRNA. Its function is thought to... | 5.8S ribosomal RNA | [
"Chemistry"
] | 473 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Molecular and cellular biology stubs"
] |
11,420,921 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis%20delta%20virus%20ribozyme | The hepatitis delta virus (HDV) ribozyme is a non-coding RNA found in the hepatitis delta virus that is necessary for viral replication. Hepatitis delta virus is the only known human virus that utilizes ribozyme activity to infect its host. The ribozyme acts to process the RNA transcripts to unit lengths in a self-cle... | Hepatitis delta virus ribozyme | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,180 | [
"Catalysis",
"Ribozymes"
] |
11,420,925 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis%20E%20virus%20cis-reactive%20element | The hepatitis E virus cis-reactive element is an RNA element that is believed to be essential for "some step in gene expression". The mutation of this element resulted in hepatitis E strains which were unable to infect rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).
References
External links
Cis-regulatory RNA elements
Hepevir... | Hepatitis E virus cis-reactive element | [
"Chemistry"
] | 71 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Molecular and cellular biology stubs"
] |
11,421,042 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrococcus%20C/D%20box%20small%20nucleolar%20RNA | In molecular biology, Pyrococcus C/D box small nucleolar RNA are non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules identified in the archaeal genus Pyrococcus which function in the modification of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell, which i... | Pyrococcus C/D box small nucleolar RNA | [
"Chemistry"
] | 254 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Molecular and cellular biology stubs"
] |
11,421,126 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin-like%20growth%20factor%20II%20IRES | The insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) internal ribosome entry site IRES is found in the 5' UTR of IGF-II leader 2 mRNA. This RNA element allows cap-independent translation of the mRNA and it is thought that this family may facilitate a continuous IGF-II production in rapidly dividing cells during development. Ribo... | Insulin-like growth factor II IRES | [
"Chemistry"
] | 132 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Molecular and cellular biology stubs"
] |
11,421,139 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IS102%20RNA | The IS102 RNA is a non-coding RNA that is found in bacteria such as Shigella flexneri and Escherichia coli. The RNA is 208 nucleotides in length and found between the yeeP and flu genes. This RNA was identified in a computational screen of E. coli. The function of this RNA is unknown.
See also
IS061 RNA
IS128 RNA
Re... | IS102 RNA | [
"Chemistry"
] | 92 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Molecular and cellular biology stubs"
] |
11,421,151 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaposi%27s%20sarcoma-associated%20herpesvirus%20internal%20ribosome%20entry%20site%20%28IRES%29 | This family represents the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) internal ribosome entry site (IRES) present in the vCyclin gene. The vCyclin and vFLIP coding sequences are present on a bicistronic transcript and it is thought the IRES may initiate translation of vFLIP from this bicistronic transcript.
Refere... | Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus internal ribosome entry site (IRES) | [
"Chemistry"
] | 91 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Molecular and cellular biology stubs"
] |
11,421,162 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysine%20riboswitch | The Lysine riboswitch is a metabolite binding RNA element found within certain messenger RNAs that serve as a precision sensor for the amino acid lysine. Allosteric rearrangement of mRNA structure is mediated by ligand binding, and this results in modulation of gene expression. Lysine riboswitch are most abundant in Ba... | Lysine riboswitch | [
"Chemistry"
] | 591 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Molecular and cellular biology stubs"
] |
11,421,326 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnt%20IRES | The Mnt internal ribosome entry site (IRES) is an RNA element. Mnt is a transcriptional repressor related to the Myc/Mad family of transcription factors. It is thought that this IRES allows efficient Mnt synthesis when cap-dependent translation initiation is reduced.
See also
N-myc IRES
Tobamovirus IRES
TrkB IRES
Re... | Mnt IRES | [
"Chemistry"
] | 89 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Molecular and cellular biology stubs"
] |
11,421,332 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-myc%20internal%20ribosome%20entry%20site%20%28IRES%29 | The N-myc internal ribosome entry site (IRES) is an RNA element found in the n-myc gene. The myc family of genes when expressed are known to be involved in the control of cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. n-myc mRNA has an alternative method of translation via an internal ribosome entry site where ribosomes a... | N-myc internal ribosome entry site (IRES) | [
"Chemistry"
] | 132 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Molecular and cellular biology stubs"
] |
11,421,344 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pestivirus%20internal%20ribosome%20entry%20site%20%28IRES%29 | This family represents the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) of the pestiviruses. The pestivirus IRES allows cap and end-independent translation of mRNA in the host cell. The IRES achieves this by mediating the internal initiation of translation by recruiting a ribosomal 43S pre-initiation complex directly to the ini... | Pestivirus internal ribosome entry site (IRES) | [
"Chemistry"
] | 140 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Molecular and cellular biology stubs"
] |
11,421,347 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picornavirus%20internal%20ribosome%20entry%20site%20%28IRES%29 | This family represents the Picornavirus internal ribosome entry site (IRES) element present in their 5' untranslated region. These elements were discovered in picornaviruses. They are cis-acting RNA sequences that adopt diverse three-dimensional structures, recruit the translation machinery and that often operate in as... | Picornavirus internal ribosome entry site (IRES) | [
"Chemistry"
] | 258 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Molecular and cellular biology stubs"
] |
11,421,411 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribosomal%20protein%20L10%20leader | This family is a putative ribosomal protein leader autoregulatory structure found in B. subtilis and other low-GC Gram-positive bacteria. It is located in the 5′ untranslated regions of mRNAs encoding ribosomal proteins L10 and L12 (rplJ-rplL). A Rho-independent transcription terminator structure that is probably invol... | Ribosomal protein L10 leader | [
"Chemistry"
] | 124 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Molecular and cellular biology stubs"
] |
11,421,418 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribosomal%20protein%20L19%20leader | L19 Ribosomal protein leaders are part of the ribosome biogenesis. They are used as an autoregulatory mechanism to control the concentration of ribosomal proteins L19, and are located in the 5′ untranslated regions of mRNAs encoding ribosomal protein L19 (rplS).
L19 ribosomal protein leaders have been bioinformatically... | Ribosomal protein L19 leader | [
"Chemistry"
] | 143 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Molecular and cellular biology stubs"
] |
11,421,431 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNAI | RNAI is a non-coding RNA that is an antisense repressor of the replication of some E. coli plasmids, including ColE1. Plasmid replication is usually initiated by RNAII, which acts as a primer by binding to its template DNA. The complementary RNAI binds RNAII prohibiting it from its initiation role. The rate of degrad... | RNAI | [
"Chemistry"
] | 149 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Molecular and cellular biology stubs"
] |
11,421,446 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNase%20E%205%E2%80%B2%20UTR%20element | In molecular biology, the RNase E 5′ UTR element is a cis-acting element located in the 5′ UTR of ribonuclease (RNase) E messenger RNA (mRNA).
RNase E is a key regulatory enzyme in the pathway of mRNA degradation in Escherichia coli. It is able to auto-regulate the degradation of its own mRNA in response to changes in... | RNase E 5′ UTR element | [
"Chemistry"
] | 132 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Molecular and cellular biology stubs"
] |
11,421,453 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotavirus%20cis-acting%20replication%20element | This family represents a rotavirus cis-acting replication element (CRE) found at the 3'-end of rotavirus mRNAs. The family is thought to promote the synthesis of minus strand RNA to form viral dsRNA.
References
External links
Cis-regulatory RNA elements | Rotavirus cis-acting replication element | [
"Chemistry"
] | 58 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Molecular and cellular biology stubs"
] |
11,421,460 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RsmY%20RNA%20family | The rsmY RNA family is a set of related non-coding RNA genes, that like RsmZ, is regulated by the GacS/GacA signal transduction system in the plant-beneficial soil bacterium and biocontrol model organism Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0. GacA/GacS target genes are translationally repressed by the small RNA binding protein... | RsmY RNA family | [
"Chemistry"
] | 215 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Molecular and cellular biology stubs"
] |
11,421,475 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RydC%20RNA | RydC is a bacterial non-coding RNA. RydC is thought to regulate a mRNA, yejABEF, which encodes an ABC transporter protein. RydC is known to bind the Hfq protein, which causes a conformational change in the RNA molecule. The Hfq/RydC complex is then thought to bind to the target mRNA and induce its degradation.
See als... | RydC RNA | [
"Chemistry"
] | 101 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Molecular and cellular biology stubs"
] |
11,421,508 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SgrS%20RNA | SgrS (sugar transport-related sRNA, previously named ryaA) is a 227 nucleotide small RNA that is activated by SgrR in Escherichia coli during glucose-phosphate stress. The nature of glucose-phosphate stress is not fully understood, but is correlated with intracellular accumulation of glucose-6-phosphate. SgrS helps c... | SgrS RNA | [
"Chemistry"
] | 359 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Molecular and cellular biology stubs"
] |
11,421,646 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime%20k-tuple | In number theory, a prime -tuple is a finite collection of values representing a repeatable pattern of differences between prime numbers. For a -tuple , the positions where the -tuple matches a pattern in the prime numbers are given by the set of integers such that all of the values are prime. Typically the first va... | Prime k-tuple | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,106 | [
"Prime numbers",
"Mathematical objects",
"Numbers",
"Number theory"
] |
16,806,575 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactonase | Lactonase (EC 3.1.1.81, acyl-homoserine lactonase; systematic name N-acyl-L-homoserine-lactone lactonohydrolase) is a metalloenzyme, produced by certain species of bacteria, which targets and inactivates acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs). It catalyzes the reaction
an N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone + H2O an N-acyl-L-h... | Lactonase | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,484 | [
"Natural products",
"Organic compounds",
"Structural biology",
"Biomolecules",
"Biochemistry",
"Molecular biology"
] |
16,808,988 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ERDLator | The ERDLator was a field water treatment device developed during World War II at the U.S. Army's United States Army Engineer Research and Development Laboratory (ERDL) at Ft. Belvoir, Virginia.
Technically named the "Water Purification Unit, Van-Type, Body Mounted, Electric Motor Driven", the laboratory's acronym was ... | ERDLator | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 386 | [
"Water treatment",
"Environmental engineering",
"Water technology",
"Water pollution"
] |
16,809,626 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucosidases | Glucosidases are the glycoside hydrolase enzymes categorized under the EC number 3.2.1.
Function
Alpha-glucosidases are enzymes involved in breaking down complex carbohydrates such as starch and glycogen into their monomers.
They catalyze the cleavage of individual glucosyl residues from various glycoconjugates inclu... | Glucosidases | [
"Chemistry"
] | 203 | [
"Organic compounds",
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Carbohydrates",
"Carbohydrate chemistry"
] |
16,809,925 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulically%20activated%20pipeline%20pigging | Hydraulically activated pipeline pigging (HAPP) is a pigging technology applied for pipeline cleaning. The basic principle is that a pressure drop is created over a by-passable pig held back against a pipeline's fluid flow. The pipeline fluid passing through the pig's cleaning head is accelerated by this pressure drop,... | Hydraulically activated pipeline pigging | [
"Engineering"
] | 794 | [
"Pigging",
"Petroleum engineering"
] |
16,811,582 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roll%20program | A roll program or tilt maneuver is an aerodynamic maneuver that alters the attitude of a vertically launched space launch vehicle. It consists of a partial rotation around the vehicle's vertical axis, allowing the vehicle to then pitch to follow the proper azimuth toward orbit.
A roll program is usually completed afte... | Roll program | [
"Chemistry",
"Astronomy",
"Engineering"
] | 480 | [
"Outer space",
"Rocketry stubs",
"Astronomy stubs",
"Aerodynamics",
"Rocketry",
"Aerospace engineering",
"Spaceflight",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
7,713,778 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Settlement%20%28structural%29 | Settlement is the downward movement or the sinking of a structure's foundation. It is mostly caused by changes in the underlying soil, such as drying and shrinking, wetting and softening, or compression due to the soil being poorly compacted when construction started.
Some settlement is quite normal after construction ... | Settlement (structural) | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 281 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Foundations (buildings and structures)",
"Construction",
"Civil engineering",
"Building defects",
"Mechanical failure"
] |
7,714,070 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic%20transmission | Acoustic transmission is the transmission of sounds through and between materials, including air, wall, and musical instruments.
The degree to which sound is transferred between two materials depends on how well their acoustical impedances match.
In musical instrument design
Musical instruments are generally designed... | Acoustic transmission | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 645 | [
"Building engineering",
"Classical mechanics",
"Acoustics",
"Civil engineering",
"Architecture"
] |
7,714,496 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuse%20element%20method | In numerical analysis the diffuse element method (DEM) or simply diffuse approximation is a meshfree method.
The diffuse element method was developed by B. Nayroles, G. Touzot and Pierre Villon at the Universite de Technologie de Compiegne, in 1992.
It is in concept rather similar to the much older smoothed particle h... | Diffuse element method | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 245 | [
"Computational physics stubs",
"Computational fluid dynamics",
"Computational physics",
"Fluid dynamics stubs",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
7,715,335 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harpoon%20reaction | A harpoon reaction is a type of chemical reaction, first proposed by Michael Polanyi in 1920, whose mechanism (also called the harpooning mechanism) involves two neutral reactants undergoing an electron transfer over a relatively long distance to form ions that then attract each other closer together. For example, a me... | Harpoon reaction | [
"Chemistry"
] | 388 | [
"Reaction mechanisms",
"Chemical reaction engineering",
"nan",
"Physical organic chemistry",
"Chemical kinetics"
] |
7,716,099 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline%20tide | Alkaline tide (mal del puerco) refers to a condition, normally encountered after eating a meal, where during the production of hydrochloric acid by the parietal cells in the stomach, the parietal cells secrete bicarbonate ions across their basolateral membranes and into the blood, causing a temporary increase in blood ... | Alkaline tide | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 362 | [
"Digestive system",
"Organ systems",
"Cellular processes",
"Biochemistry",
"Metabolism"
] |
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