Split (1)

train · 29k rows

id int64 39 79M	url stringlengths 32 168	text stringlengths 7 145k	source stringlengths 2 105	categories listlengths 1 6	token_count int64 3 32.2k	subcategories listlengths 0 27
1,710,185	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interference%20fit	An interference fit, also known as a pressed fit or friction fit, is a form of fastening between two tightfitting mating parts that produces a joint which is held together by friction after the parts are pushed together. Depending on the amount of interference, parts may be joined using a tap from a hammer or forced...	Interference fit	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	1,085	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Mechanical engineering" ]
13,976,612	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harris%20functional	In density functional theory (DFT), the Harris energy functional is a non-self-consistent approximation to the Kohn–Sham density functional theory. It gives the energy of a combined system as a function of the electronic densities of the isolated parts. The energy of the Harris functional varies much less than the ene...	Harris functional	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	658	[ "Density functional theory", "Quantum chemistry", "Quantum mechanics" ]
13,985,721	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biointerface	A biointerface is the region of contact between a biomolecule, cell, biological tissue or living organism or organic material considered living with another biomaterial or inorganic/organic material. The motivation for biointerface science stems from the urgent need to increase the understanding of interactions between...	Biointerface	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,118	[ "Bioinorganic chemistry", "Biomineralization", "Biosensors" ]
3,265,197	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma%20recombination	Plasma recombination is a process by which positive ions of a plasma capture a free (energetic) electron and combine with electrons or negative ions to form new neutral atoms (gas). The process of recombination can be described as the reverse of ionization, whereby conditions allow the plasma to evert to a gas. Recombi...	Plasma recombination	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	404	[ "Physical phenomena", "Phase transitions", "Plasma physics", "Plasma phenomena", "Phases of matter", "Critical phenomena", "Plasma physics stubs", "Statistical mechanics", "Matter" ]
3,265,205	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directional%20symmetry%20%28time%20series%29	In statistical analysis of time series and in signal processing, directional symmetry is a statistical measure of a model's performance in predicting the direction of change, positive or negative, of a time series from one time period to the next. Definition Given a time series with values at times and a model that...	Directional symmetry (time series)	[ "Physics", "Mathematics", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	354	[ "Telecommunications engineering", "Computer engineering", "Signal processing", "Geometry", "Symmetry" ]
3,265,506	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beam%20homogenizer	A beam homogenizer is a device that smoothes out the irregularities in a laser beam profile to create a more uniform one. Most beam homogenizers use a multifaceted mirror with square facets. The mirror reflects light at different angles to create a beam with uniform power across the whole beam profile (a "top hat" prof...	Beam homogenizer	[ "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	256	[ "Glass engineering and science", "Optical devices" ]
3,265,720	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise-equivalent%20flux%20density	In optics the noise-equivalent flux density (NEFD) or noise-equivalent irradiance (NEI) of a system is the level of flux density required to be equivalent to the noise present in the system. It is a measure used by astronomers in determining the accuracy of observations. The NEFD can be related to a light detector's n...	Noise-equivalent flux density	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	140	[ "Physical phenomena", "Molecular physics", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Quantum electronics", "Physical quantities", "Metrics", "Instrumental analysis", "Quantity", "Engineering ratios", "Quantum mechanics", "Condensed matter physics", "Nanotechnology", "Spectroscopy", "Physical proper...
3,267,403	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotional%20detachment	In psychology, emotional detachment, also known as emotional blunting, is a condition or state in which a person lacks emotional connectivity to others, whether due to an unwanted circumstance or as a positive means to cope with anxiety. Such a coping strategy, also known as emotion-focused coping, is used when avoidin...	Emotional detachment	[ "Biology" ]	1,523	[ "Emotion", "Behavior", "Human behavior" ]
3,267,736	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transporter%20Classification%20Database	The Transporter Classification Database (or TCDB) is an International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB)-approved classification system for membrane transport proteins, including ion channels. Classification The upper level of classification and a few examples of proteins with known 3D structure: 1. ...	Transporter Classification Database	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	10,329	[ "Biochemistry", "Biochemistry databases", "Protein classification" ]
3,270,043	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric%20power	Electric power is the rate of transfer of electrical energy within a circuit. Its SI unit is the watt, the general unit of power, defined as one joule per second. Standard prefixes apply to watts as with other SI units: thousands, millions and billions of watts are called kilowatts, megawatts and gigawatts respectively...	Electric power	[ "Physics", "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	2,013	[ "Temporal quantities", "Electromagnetic quantities", "Physical quantities", "Quantity", "Temporal rates", "Power (physics)", "Electric power", "Electrical engineering" ]
3,270,504	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxinium	Oxinium is the brand name of a material used for replacement joints manufactured by the reconstructive orthopedic surgery division of medical devices company Smith & Nephew. It consists of a zirconium alloy metal substrate that transitions into a ceramic zirconium oxide outer surface. The ceramic surface is extremely ...	Oxinium	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	417	[ "Biomaterials", "Materials", "Alloys", "Zirconium alloys", "Matter", "Medical technology" ]
3,271,052	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic%20modulus	Dynamic modulus (sometimes complex modulus) is the ratio of stress to strain under vibratory conditions (calculated from data obtained from either free or forced vibration tests, in shear, compression, or elongation). It is a property of viscoelastic materials. Viscoelastic stress–strain phase-lag Viscoelasticity i...	Dynamic modulus	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	519	[ "Solid mechanics", "Physical phenomena", "Physical quantities", "Quantity", "Mechanics", "Physical properties" ]
400,184	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Calderwood	Rev Henry Calderwood FRSE LLD (10 May 1830, Peebles – 19 November 1897, Edinburgh) was a Scottish minister and philosopher. Life He was born in Peebles on 10 May 1830, the son of William Calderwood, a corn merchant, and his wife Elizabeth Mitchell. He was educated at the Edinburgh Institution and then the High Schoo...	Henry Calderwood	[ "Biology" ]	751	[ "Non-Darwinian evolution", "Theistic evolutionists", "Biology theories" ]
400,339	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenol%20formaldehyde%20resin	Phenol formaldehyde resins (PF), also called phenolic resins or phenoplasts, are synthetic polymers obtained by the reaction of phenol or substituted phenol with formaldehyde. Used as the basis for Bakelite, PFs were the first commercial synthetic resins. They have been widely used for the production of molded products...	Phenol formaldehyde resin	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	2,099	[ "Semiconductor device fabrication", "Synthetic materials", "Microtechnology", "Synthetic resins" ]
401,062	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shower-curtain%20effect	The shower-curtain effect in physics describes the phenomenon of a shower curtain being blown inward when a shower is running. The problem of identifying the cause of this effect has been featured in Scientific American magazine, with several theories given to explain the phenomenon but no definite conclusion. The sho...	Shower-curtain effect	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	1,010	[ "Physical phenomena", "Chemical engineering", "Unsolved problems in physics", "Piping", "Fluid dynamics" ]
401,314	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knudsen%20number	The Knudsen number (Kn) is a dimensionless number defined as the ratio of the molecular mean free path length to a representative physical length scale. This length scale could be, for example, the radius of a body in a fluid. The number is named after Danish physicist Martin Knudsen (1871–1949). The Knudsen number he...	Knudsen number	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	1,278	[ "Piping", "Chemical engineering", "Fluid dynamics" ]
402,048	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed%20system	A closed system is a natural physical system that does not allow transfer of matter in or out of the system, althoughin the contexts of physics, chemistry, engineering, etc.the transfer of energy (e.g. as work or heat) is allowed. Physics In classical mechanics In nonrelativistic classical mechanics, a closed system ...	Closed system	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	770	[ "Physical systems", "Thermodynamic systems", "Thermodynamics", "Dynamical systems" ]
402,244	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold%20cyanidation	Gold cyanidation (also known as the cyanide process or the MacArthur–Forrest process) is a hydrometallurgical technique for extracting gold from low-grade ore through conversion to a water-soluble coordination complex. It is the most commonly used leaching process for gold extraction. Cyanidation is also widely used si...	Gold cyanidation	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	2,644	[ "Metallurgical processes", "Metallurgy" ]
15,077,797	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PIGA%20accelerometer	A PIGA (Pendulous Integrating Gyroscopic Accelerometer) is a type of accelerometer that can measure acceleration and simultaneously integrates this acceleration against time to produce a speed measure as well. The PIGA's main use is in Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) for guidance of aircraft and most particularly fo...	PIGA accelerometer	[ "Physics", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	1,428	[ "Accelerometers", "Physical quantities", "Acceleration", "Measuring instruments" ]
15,080,192	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GTF2F1	General transcription factor IIF subunit 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GTF2F1 gene. Interactions GTF2F1 has been shown to interact with: CTDP1, GTF2H4, HNRPU, MED21, POLR2A, Serum response factor TAF11, TAF1, TATA binding protein, and Transcription Factor II B. See also Trans...	GTF2F1	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	95	[ "Induced stem cells", "Gene expression", "Transcription factors", "Signal transduction" ]
15,080,454	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioxygenase	Dioxygenases are oxidoreductase enzymes. Aerobic life, from simple single-celled bacteria species to complex eukaryotic organisms, has evolved to depend on the oxidizing power of dioxygen in various metabolic pathways. From energetic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation to xenobiotic degradation, the use of dioxygen...	Dioxygenase	[ "Chemistry" ]	3,454	[ "Oxidoreductases", "Bioinorganic chemistry" ]
15,086,544	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coccidioides%20posadasii	Coccidioides posadasii is a pathogenic fungus that, along with Coccidioides immitis, is the causative agent of coccidioidomycosis, or valley fever in humans. It resides in the soil in certain parts of the Southwestern United States, northern Mexico, and some other areas in the Americas, but its evolution was connected ...	Coccidioides posadasii	[ "Biology" ]	1,339	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
5,876,226	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IC%20programming	IC programming is the process of transferring a software or firmware into an integrated circuit (IC), typically to enable the chip to perform specific tasks or functions. The process of IC programming usually requires an IC programmer, also known as a chip programmer, device programmer, or PROM writer, which is an ele...	IC programming	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	221	[ "Computer engineering", "Embedded systems", "Computer hardware stubs", "Computer systems", "Computer science", "Computing stubs" ]
5,876,658	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical%20cross-connect	An optical cross-connect (OXC) is a device used by telecommunications carriers to switch high-speed optical signals in a fiber optic network, such as an optical mesh network. In the 1980s, when transmission speeds supported by optical fibers increased from to , carrier networks developed and introduced digital cross ...	Optical cross-connect	[ "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	692	[ "Materials science", "Microtechnology" ]
5,877,457	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inviscid%20flow	In fluid dynamics, inviscid flow is the flow of an inviscid fluid which is a fluid with zero viscosity. The Reynolds number of inviscid flow approaches infinity as the viscosity approaches zero. When viscous forces are neglected, such as the case of inviscid flow, the Navier–Stokes equation can be simplified to a for...	Inviscid flow	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	1,618	[ "Physical phenomena", "Phase transitions", "Chemical engineering", "Phases of matter", "Superfluidity", "Condensed matter physics", "Exotic matter", "Piping", "Matter", "Fluid dynamics" ]
17,984,491	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber-reinforced%20composite	A fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) is a composite building material that consists of three components: the fibers as the discontinuous or dispersed phase, the matrix as the continuous phase, and the fine interphase region, also known as the interface. This is a type of advanced composite group, which makes use of ric...	Fiber-reinforced composite	[ "Physics" ]	1,495	[ "Unsolved problems in physics", "Composite materials", "Materials", "Amorphous solids", "Matter", "Plastics" ]
17,986,007	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioasphalt	Bioasphalt is an asphalt alternative made from non-petroleum based renewable resources. These sources include sugar, molasses and rice, corn and potato starches, natural tree and gum resins, natural latex rubber and vegetable oils, lignin, cellulose, palm oil waste, coconut waste, peanut oil waste, canola oil waste, d...	Bioasphalt	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	709	[ "Building engineering", "Unsolved problems in physics", "Architecture", "Construction", "Materials", "Chemical mixtures", "nan", "Amorphous solids", "Matter", "Building materials" ]
17,986,913	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacoepidemiology	Pharmacoepidemiology is the study of the uses and effects of drugs in well-defined populations. To accomplish this study, pharmacoepidemiology borrows from both pharmacology and epidemiology. Thus, pharmacoepidemiology is the bridge between both pharmacology and epidemiology. Pharmacology is the study of the effect of...	Pharmacoepidemiology	[ "Chemistry", "Environmental_science" ]	729	[ "Epidemiology", "Pharmacology", "Environmental social science", "Medicinal chemistry" ]
17,987,436	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucket%20%28machine%20part%29	A bucket (also called a scoop to qualify shallower designs of tools) is a specialized container attached to a machine, as compared to a bucket adapted for manual use by a human being. It is a bulk material handling component. The bucket has an inner volume as compared to other types of machine attachments like blades ...	Bucket (machine part)	[ "Physics", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	1,029	[ "Machines", "Excavating equipment", "Construction equipment", "Physical systems", "Construction", "Engineering vehicles", "Hardware (mechanical)", "Industrial machinery" ]
1,122,854	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equilibrium%20constant	The equilibrium constant of a chemical reaction is the value of its reaction quotient at chemical equilibrium, a state approached by a dynamic chemical system after sufficient time has elapsed at which its composition has no measurable tendency towards further change. For a given set of reaction conditions, the equilib...	Equilibrium constant	[ "Chemistry" ]	5,648	[ "Equilibrium chemistry", "Dimensionless numbers of chemistry" ]
1,123,353	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorus-32	Phosphorus-32 (32P) is a radioactive isotope of phosphorus. The nucleus of phosphorus-32 contains 15 protons and 17 neutrons, one more neutron than the most common isotope of phosphorus, phosphorus-31. Phosphorus-32 only exists in small quantities on Earth as it has a short half-life of 14 days and so decays rapidly. ...	Phosphorus-32	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,030	[ "Isotopes of phosphorus", "Chemicals in medicine", "Isotopes", "Medical isotopes" ]
1,123,615	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbig%E2%80%93Haro%20object	Herbig–Haro (HH) objects are bright patches of nebulosity associated with newborn stars. They are formed when narrow jets of partially ionised gas ejected by stars collide with nearby clouds of gas and dust at several hundred kilometers per second. Herbig–Haro objects are commonly found in star-forming regions, and sev...	Herbig–Haro object	[ "Astronomy" ]	3,207	[ "Nebulae", "Astronomical objects" ]
1,123,962	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakedown%20%28continuum%20mechanics%29	In continuum mechanics, elastic shakedown behavior is one in which plastic deformation takes place during running in, while due to residual stresses or strain hardening the steady state is perfectly elastic. Plastic shakedown behavior is one in which the steady state is a closed elastic-plastic loop, with no net accum...	Shakedown (continuum mechanics)	[ "Physics" ]	440	[ "Classical mechanics", "Continuum mechanics" ]
1,124,025	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limit%20load%20%28physics%29	Limit load is the maximum load that a structure can safely carry. It's the load at which the structure is in a state of incipient plastic collapse. As the load on the structure increases, the displacements increases linearly in the elastic range until the load attains the yield value. Beyond this, the load-displacement...	Limit load (physics)	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	289	[ "Structural engineering", "Continuum mechanics", "Classical mechanics", "Construction", "Civil engineering" ]
12,363,573	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusionless%20transformation	A diffusionless transformation, commonly known as displacive transformation, denotes solid-state alterations in crystal structures that do not hinge on the diffusion of atoms across extensive distances. Rather, these transformations manifest as a result of synchronized shifts in atomic positions, wherein atoms undergo ...	Diffusionless transformation	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	1,295	[ "Physical phenomena", "Phase transitions", "Phases of matter", "Critical phenomena", "Statistical mechanics", "Matter" ]
12,365,585	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal%20recognition%20particle%20RNA	The signal recognition particle RNA, (also known as 7SL, 6S, ffs, or 4.5S RNA) is part of the signal recognition particle (SRP) ribonucleoprotein complex. SRP recognizes the signal peptide and binds to the ribosome, halting protein synthesis. is a protein that is embedded in a membrane, and which contains a transmembr...	Signal recognition particle RNA	[ "Chemistry" ]	2,844	[ "Protein biosynthesis", "Gene expression", "Biosynthesis" ]
12,366,559	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crevice%20corrosion	Crevice corrosion refers to corrosion occurring in occluded spaces such as interstices in which a stagnant solution is trapped and not renewed. These spaces are generally called crevices. Examples of crevices are gaps and contact areas between parts, under gaskets or seals, inside cracks and seams, spaces filled with ...	Crevice corrosion	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	1,366	[ "Systems engineering", "Reliability engineering", "Metallurgy", "Technological failures", "Materials science", "Corrosion", "Engineering failures", "Electrochemistry", "Civil engineering", "Materials degradation", "Fouling" ]
12,367,441	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PROLITH	PROLITH (abbreviated from Positive Resist Optical LITHography) is a computer simulator modeling the optical and chemical aspects of photolithography. Chris Mack started developing PROLITH after he began working in the field of photolithography at the NSA in 1983. PROLITH was first developed on an IBM PC. The models i...	PROLITH	[ "Materials_science" ]	219	[ "Semiconductor device fabrication", "Microtechnology" ]
12,367,811	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GATA%20transcription%20factor	The GATA transcription factor family consists of six DNA-binding proteins (GATA1-6) that regulates transcription of DNA due to their ability to bind to the DNA sequence "GATA" which can therefore affect different diseases. These six proteins are divided into two subfamilies of GATA1/2/3 and GATA4/5/6 based on diffe...	GATA transcription factor	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	863	[ "Induced stem cells", "Gene expression", "Transcription factors", "Signal transduction" ]
12,368,154	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular%20Biology%20and%20Evolution	Molecular Biology and Evolution (MBE) is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. It publishes work in the intersection of molecular biology and evolutionary biology. The founding editors were Walter Fitch and Masatoshi...	Molecular Biology and Evolution	[ "Chemistry" ]	450	[ "Molecular and cellular biology journals", "Molecular biology" ]
12,368,347	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio-frequency%20microelectromechanical%20system	A radio-frequency microelectromechanical system (RF MEMS) is a microelectromechanical system with electronic components comprising moving sub-millimeter-sized parts that provide radio-frequency (RF) functionality. RF functionality can be implemented using a variety of RF technologies. Besides RF MEMS technology, III-V ...	Radio-frequency microelectromechanical system	[ "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	3,628	[ "Microelectronic and microelectromechanical systems", "Materials science", "Microtechnology" ]
12,368,774	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanosubmarine	Nanosubmarines, or nanosubs, are synthetic microscopic devices that can navigate and perform specific tasks within the human body. Most of the self-propelled devices will be used to detect substances, decontaminate the environment, perform targeted drug delivery, conduct microsurgery and destroy malicious cells. Nanosu...	Nanosubmarine	[ "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	710	[ "Nanotechnology", "Materials science" ]
2,383,387	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neopterin	Neopterin is an organic compound belonging to the pteridine class of heterocyclic compounds. Neopterin belongs to the chemical group known as pteridines. It is synthesised by human macrophages upon stimulation with the cytokine interferon-gamma and is indicative of a pro-inflammatory immune status. Neopterin serves as...	Neopterin	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	842	[ "Biotechnology stubs", "Biochemistry stubs", "Immunology", "Cellular processes", "Biochemistry", "Metabolism" ]
2,383,470	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Hookean%20solid	A neo-Hookean solid is a hyperelastic material model, similar to Hooke's law, that can be used for predicting the nonlinear stress–strain behavior of materials undergoing large deformations. The model was proposed by Ronald Rivlin in 1948 using invariants, though Mooney had already described a version in stretch form ...	Neo-Hookean solid	[ "Physics", "Materials_science" ]	1,798	[ "Solid mechanics", "Physical phenomena", "Continuum mechanics", "Elasticity (physics)", "Deformation (mechanics)", "Classical mechanics", "Mechanics", "Physical properties" ]
2,383,535	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corey%E2%80%93Itsuno%20reduction	The Corey–Itsuno reduction, also known as the Corey–Bakshi–Shibata (CBS) reduction, is a chemical reaction in which a prochiral ketone is enantioselectively reduced to produce the corresponding chiral, non-racemic alcohol. The oxazaborolidine reagent which mediates the enantioselective reduction of ketones was previous...	Corey–Itsuno reduction	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,748	[ "Name reactions", "Organic redox reactions", "Organic reactions" ]
2,385,242	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor%20number	In fluid dynamics, the Taylor number (Ta) is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes the importance of centrifugal "forces" or so-called inertial forces due to rotation of a fluid about an axis, relative to viscous forces. In 1923 Geoffrey Ingram Taylor introduced this quantity in his article on the stability of ...	Taylor number	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	537	[ "Piping", "Chemical engineering", "Fluid dynamics" ]
2,385,900	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor%E2%80%93Couette%20flow	In fluid dynamics, the Taylor–Couette flow consists of a viscous fluid confined in the gap between two rotating cylinders. For low angular velocities, measured by the Reynolds number Re, the flow is steady and purely azimuthal. This basic state is known as circular Couette flow, after Maurice Marie Alfred Couette, who...	Taylor–Couette flow	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	1,363	[ "Piping", "Chemical engineering", "Fluid dynamic instabilities", "Fluid dynamics" ]
2,386,081	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentine%20bonding%20agents	Also known as a "bonderizer" bonding agents (spelled dentin bonding agents in American English) are resin materials used to make a dental composite filling material adhere to both dentin and enamel. Bonding agents are often methacrylates with some volatile carrier and solvent like acetone. They may also contain diluen...	Dentine bonding agents	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	2,027	[ "Dental materials", "Materials science", "Materials", "Polymer chemistry", "Matter" ]
2,388,144	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timing	Timing is the tracking or planning of the spacing of events in time. It may refer to: Timekeeping, the process of measuring the passage of time Synchronization, controlling the timing of a process relative to another process Time metrology, the measurement of time Timing in different fields Timing (comedy), use o...	Timing	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	198	[ "Physical quantities", "Time", "Time stubs", "Quantity", "Spacetime", "Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities" ]
7,702,975	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%E2%80%93Tamm%20formula	The Frank–Tamm formula yields the amount of Cherenkov radiation emitted on a given frequency as a charged particle moves through a medium at superluminal velocity. It is named for Russian physicists Ilya Frank and Igor Tamm who developed the theory of the Cherenkov effect in 1937, for which they were awarded a Nobel Pr...	Frank–Tamm formula	[ "Physics" ]	978	[ "Equations of physics", "Eponymous equations of physics", "Experimental physics", "Particle physics", "Experimental particle physics" ]
7,705,107	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA%20Data%20Bank%20of%20Japan	The DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ) is a biological database that collects DNA sequences. It is located at the National Institute of Genetics (NIG) in the Shizuoka prefecture of Japan. It is also a member of the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration or INSDC. It exchanges its data with European Molecul...	DNA Data Bank of Japan	[ "Biology" ]	305	[ "Bioinformatics", "Bioinformatics organizations" ]
7,705,906	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta-Chlorophenylpiperazine	meta-Chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) is a psychoactive drug of the phenylpiperazine class. It was initially developed in the late-1970s and used in scientific research before being sold as a designer drug in the mid-2000s. It has been detected in pills touted as legal alternatives to illicit stimulants in New Zealand and...	Meta-Chlorophenylpiperazine	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,578	[ "Chemicals in medicine", "Human drug metabolites" ]
7,705,960	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modal%20dispersion	Modal dispersion is a distortion mechanism occurring in multimode fibers and other waveguides, in which the signal is spread in time because the propagation velocity of the optical signal is not the same for all modes. Other names for this phenomenon include multimode distortion, multimode dispersion, modal distortion,...	Modal dispersion	[ "Engineering" ]	678	[ "Electrical engineering", "Telecommunications engineering" ]
7,707,347	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trap%20%28plumbing%29	In plumbing, a trap is a U-shaped portion of pipe designed to trap liquid or gas to prevent unwanted flow; most notably sewer gases from entering buildings while allowing waste materials to pass through. In oil refineries, traps are used to prevent hydrocarbons and other dangerous gases and chemical fumes from escaping...	Trap (plumbing)	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	1,108	[ "Piping", "Chemical engineering", "Mechanical engineering", "Building engineering" ]
7,709,624	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education%20for%20Chemical%20Engineers	Education for Chemical Engineers is a peer-reviewed academic journal published quarterly by Elsevier on behalf of the Institution of Chemical Engineers. The journal's scope covers all aspects of chemical engineering education. The journal was established in 2006 and publishes educational research papers, teaching and l...	Education for Chemical Engineers	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	160	[ "Chemical engineering journals", "Chemical engineering", "Chemical engineering organizations", "Institution of Chemical Engineers" ]
7,710,180	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20tic-tac-toe	Quantum tic-tac-toe is a "quantum generalization" of tic-tac-toe in which the players' moves are "superpositions" of plays in the classical game. The game was invented by Allan Goff of Novatia Labs, who describes it as "a way of introducing quantum physics without mathematics", and offering "a conceptual foundation for...	Quantum tic-tac-toe	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	1,209	[ "Quantum game theory", "Game theory", "Quantum mechanics", "Thought experiments in quantum mechanics" ]
7,710,370	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suppressor%20mutation	A suppressor mutation is a second mutation that alleviates or reverts the phenotypic effects of an already existing mutation in a process defined synthetic rescue. Genetic suppression therefore restores the phenotype seen prior to the original background mutation. Suppressor mutations are useful for identifying new g...	Suppressor mutation	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Biology" ]	1,109	[ "Evolutionary biology", "Radiation health effects", "Molecular genetics", "Molecular biology", "Radiation effects", "Radioactivity" ]
12,369,411	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surge%20tank	A surge tank (or surge drum or surge pool) is a standpipe or storage reservoir at the downstream end of a closed aqueduct, feeder pipe, or dam to absorb sudden rises of pressure, as well as to quickly provide extra water during a brief drop in pressure. In mining technology, ore pulp pumps use a relatively small surge...	Surge tank	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	516	[ "Plumbing", "Physical systems", "Construction", "Hydraulics", "Fluid dynamics" ]
12,370,450	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minichromosome%20maintenance	The minichromosome maintenance protein complex (MCM) is a DNA helicase essential for genomic DNA replication. Eukaryotic MCM consists of six gene products, Mcm2–7, which form a heterohexamer. As a critical protein for cell division, MCM is also the target of various checkpoint pathways, such as the S-phase entry and S-...	Minichromosome maintenance	[ "Biology" ]	2,288	[ "Genetics techniques", "DNA replication", "Molecular genetics" ]
12,374,236	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absoluteness%20%28logic%29	In mathematical logic, a formula is said to be absolute to some class of structures (also called models), if it has the same truth value in each of the members of that class. One can also speak of absoluteness of a formula between two structures, if it is absolute to some class which contains both of them. Theorems abo...	Absoluteness (logic)	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,575	[ "Mathematical logic" ]
12,374,512	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeroprediction	The Aeroprediction Code is a semi-empirical computer program that estimates the aerodynamics of weapons over the Mach number range 0 to 20, angle of attack range 0 to 90 degrees, and for configurations that have various cross sectional body shapes. Weapons considered include projectiles, missiles, bombs, rockets and mo...	Aeroprediction	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	4,649	[ "Aerospace engineering", "Aerodynamics", "Aerospace engineering software", "Fluid dynamics" ]
23,204	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical%20quantity	A physical quantity (or simply quantity) is a property of a material or system that can be quantified by measurement. A physical quantity can be expressed as a value, which is the algebraic multiplication of a numerical value and a unit of measurement. For example, the physical quantity mass, symbol m, can be quantifie...	Physical quantity	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	1,762	[ "Physical phenomena", "Quantity", "Physical quantities", "Physical properties" ]
23,205	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical%20constant	A physical constant, sometimes fundamental physical constant or universal constant, is a physical quantity that cannot be explained by a theory and therefore must be measured experimentally. It is distinct from a mathematical constant, which has a fixed numerical value, but does not directly involve any physical measur...	Physical constant	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	2,294	[ "Physical constants", "Quantity", "Physical quantities" ]
23,311	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasteurization	In food processing, pasteurization (also pasteurisation) is a process of food preservation in which packaged foods (e.g., milk and fruit juices) are treated with mild heat, usually to less than , to eliminate pathogens and extend shelf life. Pasteurization either destroys or deactivates microorganisms and enzymes that ...	Pasteurization	[ "Chemistry" ]	4,564	[ "Chemical process engineering", "Unit operations" ]
23,535	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon	A photon () is an elementary particle that is a quantum of the electromagnetic field, including electromagnetic radiation such as light and radio waves, and the force carrier for the electromagnetic force. Photons are massless particles that can move no faster than the speed of light measured in vacuum. The photon belo...	Photon	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	7,760	[ "Electromagnetism", "Physical phenomena", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Optics", "Elementary particles", "Force carriers", "Bosons", "Subatomic particles", "Fundamental interactions", " molecular", "Atomic", "Matter", " and optical physics" ]
23,637	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase%20%28matter%29	In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The ...	Phase (matter)	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	2,067	[ "Engineering thermodynamics", "Phases of matter", "Materials science", "Condensed matter physics", "Thermodynamics", "nan", "Mechanical engineering", "Matter" ]
23,665	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pixel	In digital imaging, a pixel (abbreviated px), pel, or picture element is the smallest addressable element in a raster image, or the smallest addressable element in a dot matrix display device. In most digital display devices, pixels are the smallest element that can be manipulated through software. Each pixel is a sa...	Pixel	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	3,856	[ "Information and communications technology", "Electronic engineering", "Television technology", "Display technology" ]
23,666	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime%20number	A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers. A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime because the only ways of writing it as a product, or , involve 5 itself. However, 4 is composite b...	Prime number	[ "Mathematics" ]	9,953	[ "Sequences and series", "Integer sequences", "Mathematical structures", "Recreational mathematics", "Prime numbers", "Mathematical objects", "Combinatorics", "Articles containing proofs", "Numbers", "Number theory" ]
23,670	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfect%20number	In number theory, a perfect number is a positive integer that is equal to the sum of its positive proper divisors, that is, divisors excluding the number itself. For instance, 6 has proper divisors 1, 2 and 3, and 1 + 2 + 3 = 6, so 6 is a perfect number. The next perfect number is 28, since 1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 14 = 28. Th...	Perfect number	[ "Mathematics" ]	3,089	[ "Sequences and series", "Unsolved problems in mathematics", "Integer sequences", "Mathematical structures", "Recreational mathematics", "Perfect numbers", "Mathematical objects", "Unsolved problems in number theory", "Combinatorics", "Mathematical problems", "Numbers", "Number theory" ]
23,678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panspermia	Panspermia () is the hypothesis that life exists throughout the Universe, distributed by space dust, meteoroids, asteroids, comets, and planetoids, as well as by spacecraft carrying unintended contamination by microorganisms, known as directed panspermia. The theory argues that life did not originate on Earth, but inst...	Panspermia	[ "Chemistry", "Astronomy", "Biology" ]	4,676	[ "Origin of life", "Panspermia", "Speculative evolution", "Prebiotic chemistry", "Astrobiology", "Biological hypotheses", "Astronomical sub-disciplines" ]
23,703	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential%20energy	In physics, potential energy is the energy held by an object because of its position relative to other objects, stresses within itself, its electric charge, or other factors. The term potential energy was introduced by the 19th-century Scottish engineer and physicist William Rankine, although it has links to the ancien...	Potential energy	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	4,992	[ "Mechanical quantities", "Physical quantities", "Quantity", "Forms of energy", "Energy (physics)", "Mechanics", "Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities" ]
23,731	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma%20ashing	In semiconductor manufacturing plasma ashing is the process of removing the photoresist (light sensitive coating) from an etched wafer. Using a plasma source, a monatomic (single atom) substance known as a reactive species is generated. Oxygen or fluorine are the most common reactive species. Other gases used are N2/H2...	Plasma ashing	[ "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	579	[ "Semiconductor device fabrication", "Materials science stubs", "Materials science", "Microtechnology" ]
23,740	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxin	A toxin is a naturally occurring poison produced by metabolic activities of living cells or organisms. They occur especially as proteins, often conjugated. The term was first used by organic chemist Ludwig Brieger (1849–1919), derived from toxic. Toxins can be small molecules, peptides, or proteins that are capable of...	Toxin	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Biology", "Environmental_science" ]	1,854	[ "Toxicology", "Chemical ecology", "Harmful chemical substances", "Materials", "Toxicants", "nan", "Biochemistry", "Toxins", "Matter" ]
23,750	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramagnetism	Paramagnetism is a form of magnetism whereby some materials are weakly attracted by an externally applied magnetic field, and form internal, induced magnetic fields in the direction of the applied magnetic field. In contrast with this behavior, diamagnetic materials are repelled by magnetic fields and form induced magn...	Paramagnetism	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	4,178	[ "Quantum phases", "Physical phenomena", "Phases of matter", "Electric and magnetic fields in matter", "Quantum mechanics", "Materials science", "Condensed matter physics", "Matter" ]
23,781	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoresist	A photoresist (also known simply as a resist) is a light-sensitive material used in several processes, such as photolithography and photoengraving, to form a patterned coating on a surface. This process is crucial in the electronics industry. The process begins by coating a substrate with a light-sensitive organic mat...	Photoresist	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	3,417	[ "Light-sensitive chemicals", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Microtechnology", "Materials science", "Light reactions", "Polymer chemistry", "nan", "Polymers", "Nanotechnology", "Lithography (microfabrication)" ]
23,863	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine	Pyridine is a basic heterocyclic organic compound with the chemical formula . It is structurally related to benzene, with one methine group replaced by a nitrogen atom . It is a highly flammable, weakly alkaline, water-miscible liquid with a distinctive, unpleasant fish-like smell. Pyridine is colorless, but older or...	Pyridine	[ "Chemistry" ]	6,687	[ "Bases (chemistry)", "Functional groups", "Aromatic bases" ]
23,872	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerization	In polymer chemistry, polymerization (American English), or polymerisation (British English), is a process of reacting monomer molecules together in a chemical reaction to form polymer chains or three-dimensional networks. There are many forms of polymerization and different systems exist to categorize them. In chemi...	Polymerization	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	1,507	[ "Polymerization reactions", "Polymer chemistry" ]
24,032	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positron%20emission%20tomography	Positron emission tomography (PET) is a functional imaging technique that uses radioactive substances known as radiotracers to visualize and measure changes in metabolic processes, and in other physiological activities including blood flow, regional chemical composition, and absorption. Different tracers are used for v...	Positron emission tomography	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	7,593	[ "Electron", "Antimatter", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Medicinal radiochemistry", "Positron emission tomography", "Medical physics", "Medicinal chemistry", "Positron", "Matter" ]
24,065	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population%20inversion	In physics, specifically statistical mechanics, a population inversion occurs when a system (such as a group of atoms or molecules) exists in a state in which more members of the system are in higher, excited states than in lower, unexcited energy states. It is called an "inversion" because in many familiar and commonl...	Population inversion	[ "Physics" ]	3,654	[ "Statistical mechanics" ]
24,138	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton%20decay	In particle physics, proton decay is a hypothetical form of particle decay in which the proton decays into lighter subatomic particles, such as a neutral pion and a positron. The proton decay hypothesis was first formulated by Andrei Sakharov in 1967. Despite significant experimental effort, proton decay has never bee...	Proton decay	[ "Physics" ]	1,866	[ "Supersymmetric quantum field theory", "Hypotheses in physics", "Theoretical physics", "Unsolved problems in physics", "Particle physics", "Grand Unified Theory", "Nuclear physics", "Supersymmetry", "Physics beyond the Standard Model", "Symmetry" ]
24,446	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptide%20bond	In organic chemistry, a peptide bond is an amide type of covalent chemical bond linking two consecutive alpha-amino acids from C1 (carbon number one) of one alpha-amino acid and N2 (nitrogen number two) of another, along a peptide or protein chain. It can also be called a eupeptide bond to distinguish it from an isope...	Peptide bond	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	1,337	[ "Condensed matter physics", "nan", "Structural biology", "Chemical bonding", "Protein structure" ]
24,530	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH	In chemistry, pH ( ), also referred to as acidity or basicity, historically denotes "potential of hydrogen" (or "power of hydrogen"). It is a logarithmic scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of aqueous solutions. Acidic solutions (solutions with higher concentrations of hydrogen () ions) are measured to have l...	PH	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics", "Environmental_science" ]	5,973	[ "Acid–base chemistry", "Physical quantities", "Quantity", "Water pollution", "Equilibrium chemistry", "Logarithmic scales of measurement", "Water quality indicators", "nan", "Units of measurement" ]
24,544	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesis	Photosynthesis ( ) is a system of biological processes by which photosynthetic organisms, such as most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, convert light energy, typically from sunlight, into the chemical energy necessary to fuel their metabolism. Photosynthesis usually refers to oxygenic photosynthesis, a process that p...	Photosynthesis	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	10,895	[ "Plant physiology", "Cellular respiration", "Symbiosis", "Plants", "Photosynthesis", "Quantum mechanics", "Ecosystems", "nan", "Botany", "Biochemistry", "Cellular processes", "Metabolism", "Quantum biology" ]
24,553	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20biosynthesis	Protein biosynthesis (or protein synthesis) is a core biological process, occurring inside cells, balancing the loss of cellular proteins (via degradation or export) through the production of new proteins. Proteins perform a number of critical functions as enzymes, structural proteins or hormones. Protein synthesis is ...	Protein biosynthesis	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	5,089	[ "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Protein biosynthesis", "Gene expression", "Molecular genetics", "Biosynthesis", "Cellular processes", "Chemical synthesis", "Molecular biology", "Biochemistry", "Proteins", "Metabolism" ]
24,603	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteasome	Proteasomes are protein complexes which degrade ubiquitin-tagged proteins by proteolysis, a chemical reaction that breaks peptide bonds. Enzymes that help such reactions are called proteases. Proteasomes are part of a major mechanism by which cells regulate the concentration of particular proteins and degrade misfolde...	Proteasome	[ "Chemistry" ]	9,993	[ "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Signal transduction", "Apoptosis", "Molecular biology", "Proteins" ]
24,669	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauli%20exclusion%20principle	In quantum mechanics, the Pauli exclusion principle (German: Pauli-Ausschlussprinzip) states that two or more identical particles with half-integer spins (i.e. fermions) cannot simultaneously occupy the same quantum state within a system that obeys the laws of quantum mechanics. This principle was formulated by Austria...	Pauli exclusion principle	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	3,224	[ "Spintronics", "Quantum mechanics", "Condensed matter physics", "nan", "Pauli exclusion principle", "Chemical bonding" ]
24,714	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precession	Precession is a change in the orientation of the rotational axis of a rotating body. In an appropriate reference frame it can be defined as a change in the first Euler angle, whereas the third Euler angle defines the rotation itself. In other words, if the axis of rotation of a body is itself rotating about a second ax...	Precession	[ "Physics" ]	2,713	[ "Physical phenomena", "Physical quantities", "Classical mechanics", "Precession", "Motion (physics)", "Dynamics (mechanics)", "Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities" ]
24,731	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positron	The positron or antielectron is the particle with an electric charge of +1e, a spin of 1/2 (the same as the electron), and the same mass as an electron. It is the antiparticle (antimatter counterpart) of the electron. When a positron collides with an electron, annihilation occurs. If this collision occurs at low energi...	Positron	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	3,103	[ "Electron", "Antimatter", "Elementary particles", "Matter", "Molecular physics", "Positron", "Subatomic particles" ]
24,762	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P53	p53, also known as Tumor protein P53, cellular tumor antigen p53 (UniProt name), or transformation-related protein 53 (TRP53) is a regulatory protein that is often mutated in human cancers. The p53 proteins (originally thought to be, and often spoken of as, a single protein) are crucial in vertebrates, where they preve...	P53	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	6,256	[ "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Gene expression", "Aging-related proteins", "Signal transduction", "Senescence", "Induced stem cells", "Apoptosis", "Molecular biology", "Proteins", "Programmed cell death", "Transcription factors" ]
24,834	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20targeting	Protein targeting or protein sorting is the biological mechanism by which proteins are transported to their appropriate destinations within or outside the cell. Proteins can be targeted to the inner space of an organelle, different intracellular membranes, the plasma membrane, or to the exterior of the cell via secreti...	Protein targeting	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	6,648	[ "Gene expression", "Protein targeting", "Protein classification", "Biochemical reactions", "Post-translational modification", "Cellular processes", "Membrane proteins" ]
24,838	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptidoglycan	Peptidoglycan or murein is a unique large macromolecule, a polysaccharide, consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like layer (sacculus) that surrounds the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. The sugar component consists of alternating residues of β-(1,4) linked N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic ...	Peptidoglycan	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	4,698	[ "Biochemistry", "Glycobiology", "Membrane biology", "Molecular biology" ]
24,910	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product%20topology	In topology and related areas of mathematics, a product space is the Cartesian product of a family of topological spaces equipped with a natural topology called the product topology. This topology differs from another, perhaps more natural-seeming, topology called the box topology, which can also be given to a product...	Product topology	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,401	[ "General topology", "Topology" ]
11,404,605	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society%20of%20Professional%20Audio%20Recording%20Services	The Society of Professional Audio Recording Services (SPARS) is an organization that holds conferences and publishes papers about the professional audio community. Its members include many of the top audio engineers working in the industry today. SPARS was founded in 1979 as the Society of Professional Audio Recording...	Society of Professional Audio Recording Services	[ "Engineering" ]	183	[ "Electrical engineering", "Audio engineering" ]
11,406,702	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marker-assisted%20selection	Marker assisted selection or marker aided selection (MAS) is an indirect selection process where a trait of interest is selected based on a marker (morphological, biochemical or DNA/RNA variation) linked to a trait of interest (e.g. productivity, disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, and quality), rather than o...	Marker-assisted selection	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	3,002	[ "Plant breeding", "Genetics", "Molecular biology" ]
11,408,570	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latent%20extinction%20risk	In conservation biology, latent extinction risk is a measure of the potential for a species to become threatened. Latent risk can most easily be described as the difference, or discrepancy, between the current observed extinction risk of a species (typically as quantified by the IUCN Red List) and the theoretical exti...	Latent extinction risk	[ "Mathematics" ]	590	[ "Ecological metrics", "Quantity", "Metrics" ]
16,793,276	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lift-off%20%28microtechnology%29	The lift-off process in microstructuring technology is a method of creating structures (patterning) of a target material on the surface of a substrate (e.g. wafer) using a sacrificial material (e.g. photoresist). It is an additive technique as opposed to more traditional subtracting technique like etching. The scale of...	Lift-off (microtechnology)	[ "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	902	[ "Semiconductor device fabrication", "Materials science", "Microtechnology" ]
16,794,181	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride%20Group	Chloride is a global company that specializes in the design, production, and maintenance of industrial uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems to ensure a reliable power supply for critical equipment across multiple industries. Formerly listed on the London Stock Exchange and a constituent of FTSE 250 index, the co...	Chloride Group	[ "Engineering" ]	487	[ "Electrical engineering organizations", "Electrical equipment manufacturers" ]
16,794,275	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawking%20energy	The Hawking energy or Hawking mass is one of the possible definitions of mass in general relativity. It is a measure of the bending of ingoing and outgoing rays of light that are orthogonal to a 2-sphere surrounding the region of space whose mass is to be defined. Definition Let be a 3-dimensional sub-manifold of a...	Hawking energy	[ "Physics" ]	302	[ "General relativity", "Theory of relativity" ]
16,795,124	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical%20Mechanics%20%28Goldstein%29	Classical Mechanics is a textbook written by Herbert Goldstein, a professor at Columbia University. Intended for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students, it has been one of the standard references on its subject around the world since its first publication in 1950. Overview In the second edition, Golds...	Classical Mechanics (Goldstein)	[ "Physics" ]	1,761	[ "Mechanics", "Classical mechanics" ]
16,796,173	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nix%20%28package%20manager%29	Nix is a cross-platform package manager for Unix-like systems, and a tool to instantiate and manage those systems, invented in 2003 by Eelco Dolstra. Approach The Nix package manager employs a model in which software packages are each installed into unique directories with immutable contents. These directory names co...	Nix (package manager)	[ "Engineering" ]	965	[ "Systems engineering", "Configuration management" ]

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.