id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
13,967,547 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry%20lab | A dry lab is a laboratory where the nature of the experiments does not involve significant risk. This is in contrast to a wet lab where it is necessary to handle various types of chemicals and biological hazards. An example of a dry lab is one where computational or applied mathematical analyses are done on a computer-... | Dry lab | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 960 | [
"Bioinformatics",
"Biological engineering",
"Laboratory types"
] |
13,968,939 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenFOAM | OpenFOAM (Open Field Operation And Manipulation) is a C++ toolbox for the development of customized numerical solvers, and pre-/post-processing utilities for the solution of continuum mechanics problems, most prominently including computational fluid dynamics (CFD).
The OpenFOAM software is used in research organisati... | OpenFOAM | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,400 | [
"Continuum mechanics",
"Computational fluid dynamics",
"Chemical engineering",
"Classical mechanics",
"Computational physics",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
13,969,132 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neher%E2%80%93McGrath%20method | In electrical engineering, Neher–McGrath is a method of estimating the steady-state temperature of electrical power cables for some commonly encountered configurations. By estimating the temperature of the cables, the safe long-term current-carrying capacity of the cables can be calculated.
J. H. Neher and M. H. McG... | Neher–McGrath method | [
"Engineering"
] | 670 | [
"Power engineering",
"Electrical engineering",
"Energy engineering"
] |
13,971,587 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrasound%20attenuation%20spectroscopy | Ultrasound attenuation spectroscopy is a method for characterizing properties of fluids and dispersed particles. It is also known as acoustic spectroscopy.
There is an international standard for this method.
Measurement of attenuation coefficient versus ultrasound frequency yields raw data for further calculation of ... | Ultrasound attenuation spectroscopy | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Astronomy"
] | 148 | [
"Spectroscopy stubs",
"Colloidal chemistry",
"Molecular physics",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Classical mechanics",
"Acoustics",
"Colloids",
"Surface science",
"Astronomy stubs",
"Molecular physics stubs",
"Spectroscopy",
"Physical chemistry stubs"
] |
13,973,033 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kickoff%20meeting | A kickoff meeting is the first meeting with the project team and with or without the client of the project. This meeting would follow definition of the base elements for the project and other project planning activities. This meeting introduces the members of the project team and the client and provides the opportunity... | Kickoff meeting | [
"Physics"
] | 320 | [
"Spacetime",
"Physical quantities",
"Time",
"Schedule (project management)"
] |
13,973,133 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolbe%20nitrile%20synthesis | The Kolbe nitrile synthesis is a method for the preparation of alkyl nitriles by reaction of the corresponding alkyl halide with a metal cyanide. A side product for this reaction is the formation of an isonitrile because the cyanide ion is an ambident nucleophile. The reaction is named after Hermann Kolbe.
\underset{a... | Kolbe nitrile synthesis | [
"Chemistry"
] | 359 | [
"Name reactions"
] |
675,130 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular%20physics | Molecular physics is the study of the physical properties of molecules and molecular dynamics. The field overlaps significantly with physical chemistry, chemical physics, and quantum chemistry. It is often considered as a sub-field of atomic, molecular, and optical physics. Research groups studying molecular physics ar... | Molecular physics | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,009 | [
"Molecular physics",
" molecular",
"nan",
"Atomic",
" and optical physics"
] |
675,364 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage%20regulation | In electrical engineering, particularly power engineering, voltage regulation is a measure of change in the voltage magnitude between the sending and receiving end of a component, such as a transmission or distribution line. Voltage regulation describes the ability of a system to provide near constant voltage over a wi... | Voltage regulation | [
"Physics"
] | 2,084 | [
"Voltage",
"Physical quantities",
"Voltage regulation"
] |
676,502 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogue%20wave | Rogue waves (also known as freak waves or killer waves) are large and unpredictable surface waves that can be extremely dangerous to ships and isolated structures such as lighthouses. They are distinct from tsunamis, which are long wavelength waves, often almost unnoticeable in deep waters and are caused by the displac... | Rogue wave | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 8,607 | [
"Ocean currents",
"Physical phenomena",
"Hydrology",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Weather hazards",
"Weather",
"Oceanography",
"Water waves",
"Surface waves",
"Chemical engineering",
"Waves",
"Experimental physics",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
678,365 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthalpy%20change%20of%20solution | In thermochemistry, the enthalpy of solution (heat of solution or enthalpy of solvation) is the enthalpy change associated with the dissolution of a substance in a solvent at constant pressure resulting in infinite dilution.
The enthalpy of solution is most often expressed in kJ/mol at constant temperature. The energy... | Enthalpy change of solution | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 733 | [
"Thermodynamic properties",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Homogeneous chemical mixtures",
"Enthalpy",
"Solutions"
] |
17,962,061 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werthamer%E2%80%93Helfand%E2%80%93Hohenberg%20theory | In physics, The Werthamer–Helfand–Hohenberg (WHH) theory was proposed in 1966 by N. Richard Werthamer, Eugene Helfand and Pierre Hohenberg to go beyond BCS theory of superconductivity and it provides predictions of upper critical field () in type-II superconductors.
The theory predicts the upper critical field () at 0... | Werthamer–Helfand–Hohenberg theory | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 102 | [
"Materials science stubs",
"Physical quantities",
"Superconductivity",
"Materials science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Electromagnetism stubs",
"Physical chemistry stubs",
"Electrical resistance and conductance"
] |
17,962,735 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarifier | Clarifiers are settling tanks built with mechanical means for continuous removal of solids being deposited by sedimentation. A clarifier is generally used to remove solid particulates or suspended solids from liquid for clarification and/or thickening. Inside the clarifier, solid contaminants will settle down to the bo... | Clarifier | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,786 | [
"Water treatment",
"Industrial water treatment",
"Water pollution",
"Sewerage",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
17,967,841 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-HTTLPR | 5-HTTLPR (serotonin-transporter-linked promoter region) is a degenerate repeat (redundancy in the genetic code) polymorphic region in SLC6A4, the gene that codes for the serotonin transporter.
Since the polymorphism was identified in the middle of the 1990s,
it has been extensively investigated, e.g., in connection wit... | 5-HTTLPR | [
"Biology"
] | 2,845 | [
"SNPs on chromosome 17",
"Single-nucleotide polymorphisms"
] |
17,971,241 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barwise%20compactness%20theorem | In mathematical logic, the Barwise compactness theorem, named after Jon Barwise, is a generalization of the usual compactness theorem for first-order logic to a certain class of infinitary languages. It was stated and proved by Barwise in 1967.
Statement
Let be a countable admissible set. Let be an -finite relatio... | Barwise compactness theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 162 | [
"Foundations of mathematics",
"Mathematical logic",
"Mathematical problems",
"Mathematical logic stubs",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Theorems in the foundations of mathematics"
] |
17,972,479 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxemburg%E2%80%93Gorky%20effect | In radiophysics, the Luxemburg–Gorky effect (named after Radio Luxemburg and the city of Gorky (Nizhny Novgorod)) is a phenomenon of cross modulation between two radio waves, one of which is strong, passing through the same part of a medium, especially a conductive region of atmosphere or a plasma.
Current theory seem... | Luxemburg–Gorky effect | [
"Physics"
] | 385 | [
"Radio spectrum",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Electromagnetic spectrum"
] |
2,379,305 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brihanmumbai%20Storm%20Water%20Disposal%20System | The Brihanmumbai Stormwater Disposal System is a project planned to overhaul Mumbai's water drainage system. The estimated budget for implementing the project is Rs. 12 billion (approx. 300 million US dollars) as of August 2005. Such a high-budget project would require funds from the Central Government.
Mumbai has a dr... | Brihanmumbai Storm Water Disposal System | [
"Chemistry",
"Environmental_science"
] | 663 | [
"Water treatment",
"Stormwater management",
"Water pollution"
] |
2,379,569 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submersible%20bridge | A submersible bridge is a type of movable bridge that lowers the bridge deck below the water level to permit waterborne traffic to use the waterway. This differs from a lift bridge or table bridge, which operate by raising the roadway. Two submersible bridges exist across the Corinth Canal in Greece, one at each end, i... | Submersible bridge | [
"Engineering"
] | 348 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Bridges"
] |
2,379,716 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devolution%20%28biology%29 | Devolution, de-evolution, or backward evolution (not to be confused with dysgenics) is the notion that species can revert to supposedly more primitive forms over time. The concept relates to the idea that evolution has a divine purpose (teleology) and is thus progressive (orthogenesis), for example that feet might be b... | Devolution (biology) | [
"Biology"
] | 3,404 | [
"Evolutionary biology",
"Creationism",
"Biology theories",
"Obsolete biology theories"
] |
2,379,726 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcification | Calcification is the accumulation of calcium salts in a body tissue. It normally occurs in the formation of bone, but calcium can be deposited abnormally in soft tissue, causing it to harden. Calcifications may be classified on whether there is mineral balance or not, and the location of the calcification. Calcificatio... | Calcification | [
"Chemistry"
] | 853 | [
"Histopathology",
"Bioinorganic chemistry",
"Biomineralization",
"Microscopy"
] |
2,379,771 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium%20zinc%20telluride | Cadmium zinc telluride, (CdZnTe) or CZT, is a compound of cadmium, zinc and tellurium or, more strictly speaking, an alloy of cadmium telluride and zinc telluride. A direct bandgap semiconductor, it is used in a variety of applications, including semiconductor radiation detectors, photorefractive gratings, electro-opt... | Cadmium zinc telluride | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 377 | [
"Inorganic compounds",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Radioactive contamination",
"Semiconductor materials",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Measuring instruments",
"Ionising radiation detectors",
"II-VI semiconductors",
"Terahertz technology"
] |
2,379,782 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated%20logistics%20support | Integrated logistics support (ILS) is a technology in the system engineering to lower a product life cycle cost and decrease demand for logistics by the maintenance system optimization to ease the product support. Although originally developed for military purposes, it is also widely used in commercial customer service... | Integrated logistics support | [
"Engineering"
] | 3,059 | [
"Systems engineering"
] |
2,379,792 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant%20component | In network theory, a giant component is a connected component of a given random graph that contains a significant fraction of the entire graph's vertices.
More precisely, in graphs drawn randomly from a probability distribution over arbitrarily large graphs, a giant component is a connected component whose fraction of... | Giant component | [
"Mathematics"
] | 873 | [
"Mathematical relations",
"Graph connectivity",
"Graph theory",
"Random graphs"
] |
2,380,748 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suction%20pressure | Suction pressure is also called Diffusion Pressure Deficit. If some solute is dissolved in solvent, its diffusion pressure decreases. The difference between diffusion pressure of pure solvent and solution is called diffusion pressure deficit (DPD). It is a reduction in the diffusion pressure of solvent in the solution... | Suction pressure | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 500 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Diffusion"
] |
2,380,765 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discharge%20pressure | Discharge pressure (also called high side pressure or head pressure) is the pressure generated on the output side of a gas compressor in a refrigeration or air conditioning system. The discharge pressure is affected by several factors: size and speed of the condenser fan, condition and cleanliness of the condenser coil... | Discharge pressure | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 108 | [
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Mechanical quantities",
"Physical quantities",
"Pressure",
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
2,380,869 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrite%20%28magnet%29 | A ferrite is one of a family of iron oxide-containing magnetic ceramic materials. They are ferrimagnetic, meaning they are attracted by magnetic fields and can be magnetized to become permanent magnets. Unlike many ferromagnetic materials, most ferrites are not electrically conductive, making them useful in applicati... | Ferrite (magnet) | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 3,171 | [
"Ferromagnetic materials",
"Materials",
"Ceramic materials",
"Ceramic engineering",
"Matter"
] |
2,381,942 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larock%20indole%20synthesis | The Larock indole synthesis is a heteroannulation reaction that uses palladium as a catalyst to synthesize indoles from an ortho-iodoaniline and a disubstituted alkyne. It is also known as Larock heteroannulation. The reaction is extremely versatile and can be used to produce varying types of indoles. Larock indole syn... | Larock indole synthesis | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,485 | [
"Name reactions",
"Ring forming reactions",
"Organic reactions"
] |
2,382,632 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanner%20graph | In coding theory, a Tanner graph is a bipartite graph that can be used to express constraints (typically equations) that specify an error correcting code. Tanner graphs play a central role in the design and decoding of LDPC codes. They have also been applied to the construction of longer codes from smaller ones. Bot... | Tanner graph | [
"Mathematics"
] | 409 | [
"Discrete mathematics",
"Coding theory"
] |
2,383,266 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apo2.7 | Apo2.7 is a protein confined to the mitochondrial membrane. It can be detected during early stages of apoptosis. It can be used to detect apoptosis via flow cytometry.
References
Apoptosis
Proteins | Apo2.7 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 49 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Signal transduction",
"Apoptosis",
"Molecular biology",
"Proteins"
] |
15,065,280 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZNF74 | Zinc finger protein 74 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF74 gene. Schizophrenia susceptibility has been associated with a mutation in this protein.
Interactions
ZNF74 has been shown to interact with POLR2A.
References
Further reading
External links
Transcription factors | ZNF74 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 62 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
15,067,464 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZNF238 | Zinc finger protein 238 (also known as RP58 or ZBTB18) is a zinc finger containing transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the ZNF238 gene.
Function
ZNF238 is a gene that plays a major role in the "promotion of ordered and correctly timed neurogenesis leading to proper layer formation and cortical growth." ... | ZNF238 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 382 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
15,068,567 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein%E2%80%93Hopf%20drag | In physics, the Einstein–Hopf drag (named after Albert Einstein and Ludwig Hopf) is a velocity-dependent drag force upon charged particles that are being bathed in thermal radiation.
References
Further reading
Drag (physics)
Electrical phenomena | Einstein–Hopf drag | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 48 | [
"Drag (physics)",
"Physical phenomena",
"Electrical phenomena",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
15,071,240 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IFNA7 | Interferon alpha-7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IFNA7 gene.
References
Further reading | IFNA7 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 26 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Protein stubs"
] |
15,071,250 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IFNA14 | Interferon alpha-14 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IFNA14 gene.
References
Further reading | IFNA14 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 26 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Protein stubs"
] |
15,071,267 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IGHV%40 | Ig heavy chain V-III region VH26 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGHV@ gene.
IGHV is the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region genes; in B-cell neoplasms like chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mutations of IGHV are associated with better responses to some treatments and with prolonged survival.
See al... | IGHV@ | [
"Chemistry"
] | 90 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Protein stubs",
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Molecular biology",
"Proteins"
] |
15,071,362 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KCNC4 | Potassium voltage-gated channel, Shaw-related subfamily, member 4 (KCNC4), also known as Kv3.4, is a human gene.
The Shaker gene family of Drosophila encodes components of voltage-gated potassium channels and comprises four subfamilies. Based on sequence similarity, this gene is similar to the Shaw subfamily. The prot... | KCNC4 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 167 | [
"Neurochemistry",
"Ion channels"
] |
15,071,397 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/REPIN1 | Replication initiator 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the REPIN1 gene. The protein helps enable RNA binding activity as a replication initiation-region protein. The make up of REPIN 1 include three zinc finger hand clusters that organize polydactyl zinc finger proteins containing 15 zinc finger DNA- binding... | REPIN1 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 591 | [
"Protein stubs",
"Gene expression",
"Signal transduction",
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Induced stem cells",
"Transcription factors"
] |
15,071,485 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOX8 | Transcription factor SOX-8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SOX8 gene.
This gene encodes a member of the SOX (SRY-related HMG-box) family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of embryonic development and in the determination of the cell fate. The encoded protein may act as a transcriptional... | SOX8 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 141 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
15,071,821 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MEIS2 | Homeobox protein Meis2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MEIS2 gene.
This gene encodes a homeobox protein belonging to the TALE ('three amino acid loop extension') family of homeodomain-containing proteins. TALE homeobox proteins are highly conserved transcription regulators, and several members have been ... | MEIS2 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 102 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
15,071,920 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MLLT1 | Protein ENL is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MLLT1 gene.
Interactions
MLLT1 has been shown to interact with CBX8.
References
Further reading
External links
Transcription factors | MLLT1 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 41 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
15,072,456 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBX3 | Pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PBX3 gene.
References
Further reading
External links
Transcription factors | PBX3 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 34 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
15,074,246 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DPF2 | Zinc finger protein ubi-d4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DPF2 gene.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the d4 domain family, characterized by a zinc finger-like structural motif. This protein functions as a transcription factor which is necessary for the apoptotic response following depriv... | DPF2 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 139 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
15,074,255 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RFX4 | Transcription factor RFX4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RFX4 gene.
This gene is a member of the regulatory factor X gene family, which encodes transcription factors that contain a highly conserved winged helix DNA binding domain. The protein encoded by this gene is structurally related to regulatory fa... | RFX4 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 147 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
15,074,561 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNR1 | RNR1 (RNA, ribosomal 45S cluster 1) is a human ribosomal DNA gene located on Chromosome 13. Tandem copies of this gene form one of five nucleolus organizer regions in the human genome, they are located on the chromosomes 13 (RNR1), 14 (RNR2), 15 (RNR3), 21 (RNR4), 22 (RNR5).
References
Further reading
Proteins
Non-c... | RNR1 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 104 | [
"Catalysis",
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Protein stubs",
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Molecular biology",
"Proteins",
"Ribozymes"
] |
19,015,982 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral%20purity | Spectral purity is a term used in both optics and signal processing. In optics, it refers to the quantification of the monochromaticity of a given light sample. This is a particularly important parameter in areas like laser operation and time measurement. Spectral purity is easier to achieve in devices that generate v... | Spectral purity | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 121 | [
"Instrumental analysis",
"Molecular physics",
"Spectroscopy",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)"
] |
9,947,492 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digifant%20engine%20management%20system | Digifant is an Engine Management System operated by an Engine Control Unit that actuates outputs, such as fuel injection and ignition systems, using information derived from sensor inputs, such as engine speed, exhaust oxygen and intake air flow. Digifant was designed by Volkswagen Group, in cooperation with Robert Bos... | Digifant engine management system | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,864 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Engines",
"Computer engineering",
"Embedded systems",
"Computer systems",
"Engine technology",
"Power (physics)",
"Computer science",
"Power control"
] |
9,947,735 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-fuel%20weight | The zero-fuel weight (ZFW) of an aircraft is the total weight of the airplane and all its contents, minus the total weight of the usable fuel on board. Unusable fuel is included in ZFW.
Remember the takeoff weight components contributions:
Where OEW is the Operating Empty Weight (that is a charactersitic of the plane... | Zero-fuel weight | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 831 | [
"Aircraft weight measurements",
"Mass",
"Matter",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
9,950,498 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least%20squares%20inference%20in%20phylogeny | Least squares inference in phylogeny generates a
phylogenetic tree based on an
observed matrix of pairwise genetic distances and
optionally a weight
matrix. The goal is to find a tree which satisfies the distance constraints as
best as possible.
Ordinary and weighted least squares
The discrepancy between the observed ... | Least squares inference in phylogeny | [
"Biology"
] | 622 | [
"Bioinformatics",
"Phylogenetics",
"Computational phylogenetics",
"Genetics techniques"
] |
9,955,143 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial%20transcription | Bacterial transcription is the process in which a segment of bacterial DNA is copied into a newly synthesized strand of messenger RNA (mRNA) with use of the enzyme RNA polymerase.
The process occurs in three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination; and the result is a strand of mRNA that is complementary t... | Bacterial transcription | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,325 | [
"Gene expression",
"Prokaryotes",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"Bacteria",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry",
"Microorganisms"
] |
9,956,291 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AP-1%20transcription%20factor | Activator protein 1 (AP-1) is a transcription factor that regulates gene expression in response to a variety of stimuli, including cytokines, growth factors, stress, and bacterial and viral infections. AP-1 controls a number of cellular processes including differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. The structure of... | AP-1 transcription factor | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,803 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
9,957,063 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone%20acetylation%20and%20deacetylation | Histone acetylation and deacetylation are the processes by which the lysine residues within the N-terminal tail protruding from the histone core of the nucleosome are acetylated and deacetylated as part of gene regulation.
Histone acetylation and deacetylation are essential parts of gene regulation. These reactions ar... | Histone acetylation and deacetylation | [
"Chemistry"
] | 7,050 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Gene expression",
"Organic reactions",
"Biochemical reactions",
"Post-translational modification",
"Molecular biology",
"Proteins"
] |
12,356,622 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoionisation%20cross%20section | Photoionisation cross section in the context of condensed matter physics refers to the probability of a particle (usually an electron) being emitted from its electronic state.
Cross section in photoemission
The photoemission is a useful experimental method for the determination and the study of the electronic states... | Photoionisation cross section | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 189 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Electromagnetism",
"Materials science stubs",
"Phases of matter",
"Materials science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Fundamental interactions",
"Condensed matter stubs",
"Electromagnetism stubs",
"Matter"
] |
12,357,222 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition%20metal%20dinitrogen%20complex | Transition metal dinitrogen complexes are coordination compounds that contain transition metals as ion centers the dinitrogen molecules (N2) as ligands.
Historical background
Transition metal complexes of N2 have been studied since 1965 when the first complex was reported by Allen and Senoff. This diamagnetic comple... | Transition metal dinitrogen complex | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,842 | [
"Coordination chemistry",
"Coordination complexes"
] |
204,680 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-momentum | In special relativity, four-momentum (also called momentum–energy or momenergy) is the generalization of the classical three-dimensional momentum to four-dimensional spacetime. Momentum is a vector in three dimensions; similarly four-momentum is a four-vector in spacetime. The contravariant four-momentum of a particle... | Four-momentum | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,049 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Four-vectors",
"Vector physical quantities",
"Momentum",
"Moment (physics)"
] |
204,682 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation%20%28geometry%29 | In Euclidean geometry, a translation is a geometric transformation that moves every point of a figure, shape or space by the same distance in a given direction. A translation can also be interpreted as the addition of a constant vector to every point, or as shifting the origin of the coordinate system. In a Euclidean s... | Translation (geometry) | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,253 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Mathematical analysis",
"Euclidean symmetries",
"Transformation (function)",
"Mathematical objects",
"Elementary mathematics",
"Elementary geometry",
"Mathematical relations",
"Geometry",
"Symmetry"
] |
204,762 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaporization | Vaporization (or vapo(u)risation) of an element or compound is a phase transition from the liquid phase to vapor. There are two types of vaporization: evaporation and boiling. Evaporation is a surface phenomenon, whereas boiling is a bulk phenomenon (a phenomenon in which the whole object or substance is involved in th... | Vaporization | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 664 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Phase transitions",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Phases of matter",
"Critical phenomena",
"Chemical processes",
"nan",
"Chemical process engineering",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Physical chemistry",
"Matter"
] |
204,912 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic%20refrigeration | Magnetic refrigeration is a cooling technology based on the magnetocaloric effect. This technique can be used to attain extremely low temperatures, as well as the ranges used in common refrigerators.
A magnetocaloric material warms up when a magnetic field is applied. The warming is due to changes in the internal sta... | Magnetic refrigeration | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 4,335 | [
"Phases of matter",
"Materials science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Matter"
] |
205,126 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill | A drill is a tool used for making round holes or driving fasteners. It is fitted with a bit, either a drill or driver chuck. Hand-operated types are dramatically decreasing in popularity and cordless battery-powered ones proliferating due to increased efficiency and ease of use.
Drills are commonly used in woodworking... | Drill | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 4,998 | [
"Physical systems",
"Rotating machines",
"Machines",
"Construction"
] |
205,224 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progeria | Progeria is a specific type of progeroid syndrome, also known as Hutchinson–Gilford syndrome or Hutchinson–Gilford progeroid syndrome (HGPS). A single gene mutation is responsible for causing progeria. The affected gene, known as lamin A (LMNA), makes a protein necessary for holding the cell nucleus together. When this... | Progeria | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 4,725 | [
"Senescence",
"Cellular processes",
"Metabolism",
"Progeroid syndromes"
] |
205,393 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary%20classification | Binary classification is the task of classifying the elements of a set into one of two groups (each called class). Typical binary classification problems include:
Medical testing to determine if a patient has a certain disease or not;
Quality control in industry, deciding whether a specification has been met;
In inf... | Binary classification | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,793 | [
"Artificial intelligence engineering",
"Machine learning"
] |
205,406 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microgram | In the metric system, a microgram or microgramme is a unit of mass equal to one millionth () of a gram. The unit symbol is μg according to the International System of Units (SI); the recommended symbol in the United States and United Kingdom when communicating medical information is mcg. In μg, the prefix symbol for m... | Microgram | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 370 | [
"Matter",
"Quantity",
"Units of mass",
"Mass",
"Units of measurement"
] |
205,464 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%20microbiome | The human microbiome is the aggregate of all microbiota that reside on or within human tissues and biofluids along with the corresponding anatomical sites in which they reside, including the gastrointestinal tract, skin, mammary glands, seminal fluid, uterus, ovarian follicles, lung, saliva, oral mucosa, conjunctiva, a... | Human microbiome | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology",
"Environmental_science"
] | 7,531 | [
"Microbiology",
"Environmental microbiology",
"Microscopy",
"Genome projects",
"Bacteria",
"Microbiomes",
"Human genome projects",
"Bacteria and humans",
"Gut flora"
] |
205,592 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway%20engineering | Highway engineering (also known as roadway engineering and street engineering) is a professional engineering discipline branching from the civil engineering subdiscipline of transportation engineering that involves the planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of roads, highways, streets, bridges, and ... | Highway engineering | [
"Engineering"
] | 4,354 | [
"Transportation engineering",
"Civil engineering",
"Industrial engineering"
] |
206,064 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van%20der%20Waals%20equation | The van der Waals equation is a mathematical formula that describes the behavior of real gases. It is named after Dutch physicist Johannes Diderik van der Waals. It is an equation of state that relates the pressure, temperature, and molar volume in a fluid. However, it can be written in terms of other, equivalent, prop... | Van der Waals equation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 13,445 | [
"Equations of physics",
"Engineering thermodynamics",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Eponymous equations of physics",
"Thermodynamics",
"Gas laws",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Equations of state"
] |
206,101 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stokes%27%20law | In fluid dynamics, Stokes' law gives the frictional force – also called drag force – exerted on spherical objects moving at very small Reynolds numbers in a viscous fluid. It was derived by George Gabriel Stokes in 1851 by solving the Stokes flow limit for small Reynolds numbers of the Navier–Stokes equations.
Statem... | Stokes' law | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,820 | [
"Piping",
"Chemical engineering",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
206,115 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzschild%20radius | The Schwarzschild radius or the gravitational radius is a physical parameter in the Schwarzschild solution to Einstein's field equations that corresponds to the radius defining the event horizon of a Schwarzschild black hole. It is a characteristic radius associated with any quantity of mass. The Schwarzschild radius w... | Schwarzschild radius | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 1,638 | [
"Black holes",
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical quantities",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Astrophysics",
"Density",
"Stellar phenomena",
"Astronomical objects"
] |
206,122 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big%20Crunch | The Big Crunch is a hypothetical scenario for the ultimate fate of the universe, in which the expansion of the universe eventually reverses and the universe recollapses, ultimately causing the cosmic scale factor to reach absolute zero, an event potentially followed by a reformation of the universe starting with anothe... | Big Crunch | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 2,536 | [
"Astrophysics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Physical cosmology",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines"
] |
206,217 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMART-1 | SMART-1 was a European Space Agency satellite that orbited the Moon. It was launched on 27 September 2003 at 23:14 UTC from the Guiana Space Centre in Kourou, French Guiana. "SMART-1" stands for Small Missions for Advanced Research in Technology-1. On 3 September 2006 (05:42 UTC), SMART-1 was deliberately crashed into ... | SMART-1 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 3,615 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Hall effect",
"Electric and magnetic fields in matter",
"Electrical phenomena",
"Solid state engineering"
] |
206,242 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential%20%28mechanical%20device%29 | A differential is a gear train with three drive shafts that has the property that the rotational speed of one shaft is the average of the speeds of the others. A common use of differentials is in motor vehicles, to allow the wheels at each end of a drive axle to rotate at different speeds while cornering. Other uses in... | Differential (mechanical device) | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,953 | [
"Vehicle technology",
"Mechanical engineering by discipline",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Mechanisms (engineering)"
] |
206,886 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program%20evaluation%20and%20review%20technique | The program evaluation and review technique (PERT) is a statistical tool used in project management, which was designed to analyze and represent the tasks involved in completing a given project.
PERT was originally developed by Charles E. Clark for the United States Navy in 1958; it is commonly used in conjunction wi... | Program evaluation and review technique | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 4,230 | [
"Systems engineering",
"Behavior",
"Engineering economics",
"Physical quantities",
"Time",
"Applied mathematics",
"Graph theory",
"Network theory",
"Operations research",
"Behavioural sciences",
"Management science",
"Mathematical relations",
"Engineering management",
"Spacetime",
"Sched... |
207,074 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta%20distribution | In probability theory and statistics, the beta distribution is a family of continuous probability distributions defined on the interval [0, 1] or (0, 1) in terms of two positive parameters, denoted by alpha (α) and beta (β), that appear as exponents of the variable and its complement to 1, respectively, and control the... | Beta distribution | [
"Mathematics"
] | 27,939 | [
"Factorial and binomial topics",
"Combinatorics"
] |
207,079 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma%20distribution | In probability theory and statistics, the gamma distribution is a versatile two-parameter family of continuous probability distributions. The exponential distribution, Erlang distribution, and chi-squared distribution are special cases of the gamma distribution. There are two equivalent parameterizations in common us... | Gamma distribution | [
"Mathematics"
] | 4,681 | [
"Factorial and binomial topics",
"Combinatorics"
] |
4,435,023 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud%20logging | Mud logging is the creation of a detailed record (well log) of a borehole by examining the cuttings of rock brought to the surface by the circulating drilling medium (most commonly drilling mud). Mud logging is usually performed by a third-party mud logging company. This provides well owners and producers with informat... | Mud logging | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,906 | [
"Petroleum",
"Petroleum geology",
"Petroleum engineering",
"Well logging"
] |
4,436,145 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apex%20%28radio%20band%29 | Apex radio stations (also known as skyscraper and pinnacle) was the name commonly given to a short-lived group of United States broadcasting stations, which were used to evaluate transmitting on frequencies that were much higher than the ones used by standard amplitude modulation (AM) and shortwave stations. Their name... | Apex (radio band) | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 2,353 | [
"Information and communications technology",
"Broadcast engineering",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Radio technology",
"Electronic engineering"
] |
4,436,559 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stetter%20reaction | The Stetter reaction is a reaction used in organic chemistry to form carbon-carbon bonds through a 1,4-addition reaction utilizing a nucleophilic catalyst. While the related 1,2-addition reaction, the benzoin condensation, was known since the 1830s, the Stetter reaction was not reported until 1973 by Dr. Hermann Stette... | Stetter reaction | [
"Chemistry"
] | 3,053 | [
"Coupling reactions",
"Name reactions",
"Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions",
"Organic reactions"
] |
4,437,283 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass%20transfer%20coefficient | In engineering, the mass transfer coefficient is a diffusion rate constant that relates the mass transfer rate, mass transfer area, and concentration change as driving force:
Where:
is the mass transfer coefficient [mol/(s·m2)/(mol/m3)], or m/s
is the mass transfer rate [mol/s]
is the effective mass transfer area [... | Mass transfer coefficient | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 342 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Chemical engineering",
"Physical phenomena"
] |
4,438,763 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gillespie%20algorithm | In probability theory, the Gillespie algorithm (or the Doob–Gillespie algorithm or stochastic simulation algorithm, the SSA) generates a statistically correct trajectory (possible solution) of a stochastic equation system for which the reaction rates are known. It was created by Joseph L. Doob and others (circa 1945), ... | Gillespie algorithm | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 2,239 | [
"Chemical reaction engineering",
"Monte Carlo methods",
"Computational physics",
"Theoretical chemistry",
"Computational chemistry",
"Chemical kinetics"
] |
4,439,998 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium%20borohydride | Uranium borohydride is the inorganic compound with the empirical formula U(BH4)4. Two polymeric forms are known, as well as a monomeric derivative that exists in the gas phase. Because the polymers convert to the gaseous form at mild temperatures, uranium borohydride once attracted much attention. It is solid green.
... | Uranium borohydride | [
"Chemistry"
] | 584 | [
"Inorganic polymers",
"Inorganic compounds"
] |
4,440,593 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone%20methylation | Histone methylation is a process by which methyl groups are transferred to amino acids of histone proteins that make up nucleosomes, which the DNA double helix wraps around to form chromosomes. Methylation of histones can either increase or decrease transcription of genes, depending on which amino acids in the histones... | Histone methylation | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 3,030 | [
"Gene expression",
"Biochemical reactions",
"Post-translational modification",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology"
] |
16,783,683 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic%20nanoring | Magnetic Nanorings are a form of magnetic nanoparticles, typically made of iron oxide in the shape of a ring. They have multiple applications in the medical field and computer engineering. In experimental trials, they provide a more localized form of cancer treatment by attacking individual cells instead of a general c... | Magnetic nanoring | [
"Materials_science"
] | 1,444 | [
"Nanotechnology",
"Nanoelectronics"
] |
16,784,189 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligomer%20restriction | Oligomer Restriction (abbreviated OR) is a procedure to detect an altered DNA sequence in a genome. A labeled oligonucleotide probe is hybridized to a target DNA, and then treated with a restriction enzyme. If the probe exactly matches the target, the restriction enzyme will cleave the probe, changing its size. If, how... | Oligomer restriction | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,155 | [
"Genetics techniques",
"DNA profiling techniques",
"Molecular biology techniques",
"nan",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
16,785,076 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infiltration%20basin | An infiltration basin (or recharge basin) is a form of engineered sump or percolation pond that is used to manage stormwater runoff, prevent flooding and downstream erosion, and improve water quality in an adjacent river, stream, lake or bay. It is essentially a shallow artificial pond that is designed to infiltrate st... | Infiltration basin | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 423 | [
"Hydrology",
"Water treatment",
"Stormwater management",
"Chemical engineering",
"Water pollution",
"Construction",
"Civil engineering",
"Environmental engineering",
"Infrastructure"
] |
7,690,175 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA-dependent%20RNA%20polymerase | RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) or RNA replicase is an enzyme that catalyzes the replication of RNA from an RNA template. Specifically, it catalyzes synthesis of the RNA strand complementary to a given RNA template. This is in contrast to typical DNA-dependent RNA polymerases, which all organisms use to catalyze th... | RNA-dependent RNA polymerase | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,429 | [
"Gene expression",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
7,690,493 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20Missouri%20Amendment%202 | Missouri Constitutional Amendment 2 (The Missouri Stem Cell Research and Cures Initiative) was a state constitutional amendment initiative that concerned stem cell research and human cloning. It allows any stem cell research and therapy in the U.S. state of Missouri that is legal under federal law, including somatic ce... | 2006 Missouri Amendment 2 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,177 | [
"Translational medicine",
"Tissue engineering",
"Stem cell research"
] |
7,691,702 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Computer%20Wore%20Tennis%20Shoes%20%281995%20film%29 | The Computer Wore Tennis Shoes is a 1995 American made-for-television science fiction comedy film directed by Peyton Reed (in his feature directorial debut) and written by Joseph L. McEveety and Ryan Rowe. The film is a remake of the 1969 film of the same name. It premiered on ABC as an ABC Family Movie on February 18,... | The Computer Wore Tennis Shoes (1995 film) | [
"Technology"
] | 657 | [
"Works about computing",
"Films about computing"
] |
7,692,767 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual%20hull | A visual hull is a geometric entity created by shape-from-silhouette 3D reconstruction technique introduced by A. Laurentini. This technique assumes the foreground object in an image can be separated from the background. Under this assumption, the original image can be thresholded into a foreground/background binary im... | Visual hull | [
"Mathematics"
] | 402 | [
"Geometry in computer vision",
"Geometry"
] |
7,694,425 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.%20Stanley%20Whittingham | Sir Michael Stanley Whittingham (born 22 December 1941) is a British-American chemist. He is a professor of chemistry and director of both the Institute for Materials Research and the Materials Science and Engineering program at Binghamton University, State University of New York. He also serves as director of the Nort... | M. Stanley Whittingham | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,664 | [
"Solid state chemists",
"Inorganic chemists"
] |
7,699,045 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid%20capacitive%20inclinometers | Liquid capacitive inclinometers are inclinometers (or clinometers) whose sensing elements are made with a liquid-filled differential capacitor; they sense the local direction of acceleration due to gravity (or movement). A capacitive inclinometer has a disc-like cavity that is partly filled with a dielectric liquid. ... | Liquid capacitive inclinometers | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 262 | [
"Accelerometers",
"Dimensional instruments",
"Physical quantities",
"Acceleration",
"Quantity",
"Measuring instruments",
"Size"
] |
1,705,815 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark-energy%20star | A dark-energy star is a hypothetical compact astrophysical object, which a minority of physicists think might constitute an alternative explanation for observations of astronomical black hole candidates.
The concept was proposed by physicist George Chapline. The theory states that infalling matter is converted into va... | Dark-energy star | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 557 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Black holes",
"Physical quantities",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Dark energy",
"Stellar phenomena",
"Physics beyond the Standard Model",
"Dark matter",
"Concepts in astronomy",
"Energy (physics)",
"Exotic matter",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantitie... |
1,706,048 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery%20room | A battery room is a room that houses batteries for backup or uninterruptible power systems. The rooms are found in telecommunication central offices, and provide standby power for computing equipment in datacenters. Batteries provide direct current (DC) electricity, which may be used directly by some types of equipment... | Battery room | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,009 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Rooms",
"Power (physics)",
"Electric power",
"Electrical engineering",
"Architecture"
] |
1,706,275 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raney%20nickel | Raney nickel , also known as the primary catalyst for the Cormas-Grisius Electrophilic Benzene Addition, is a fine-grained solid composed mostly of nickel derived from a nickel–aluminium alloy. Several grades are known, of which most are gray solids. Some are pyrophoric, but most are used as air-stable slurries. Raney ... | Raney nickel | [
"Chemistry",
"Technology"
] | 2,282 | [
"Nickel alloys",
"Catalysis",
"Catalysts",
"Hydrogenation catalysts",
"Alloys",
"Hydrogenation",
"Chemical kinetics"
] |
1,706,360 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rado%27s%20theorem%20%28Ramsey%20theory%29 | Rado's theorem is a theorem from the branch of mathematics known as Ramsey theory. It is named for the German mathematician Richard Rado. It was proved in his thesis, Studien zur Kombinatorik.
Statement
Let be a system of linear equations, where is a matrix with integer entries. This system is said to be -regular... | Rado's theorem (Ramsey theory) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 579 | [
"Discrete mathematics",
"Combinatorics",
"Theorems in discrete mathematics",
"Mathematical problems",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Ramsey theory"
] |
1,706,851 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropinone | Tropinone is an alkaloid, famously synthesised in 1917 by Robert Robinson as a synthetic precursor to atropine, a scarce commodity during World War I. Tropinone and the alkaloids cocaine and atropine all share the same tropane core structure. Its corresponding conjugate acid at pH 7.3 major species is known as tropini... | Tropinone | [
"Chemistry"
] | 878 | [
"Ketones",
"Functional groups",
"Tropane alkaloids",
"Alkaloids by chemical classification",
"Chemical synthesis",
"Total synthesis"
] |
1,706,886 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purkinje%20effect | The Purkinje effect or Purkinje phenomenon (; sometimes called the Purkinje shift, often pronounced ) is the tendency for the peak luminance sensitivity of the eye to shift toward the blue end of the color spectrum at low illumination levels as part of dark adaptation. In consequence, reds will appear darker relative t... | Purkinje effect | [
"Physics"
] | 1,081 | [
"Optical phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Color appearance phenomena"
] |
1,707,086 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tag%20%28metadata%29 | In information systems, a tag is a keyword or term assigned to a piece of information (such as an Internet bookmark, multimedia, database record, or computer file). This kind of metadata helps describe an item and allows it to be found again by browsing or searching. Tags are generally chosen informally and personally ... | Tag (metadata) | [
"Technology"
] | 3,215 | [
"Computing terminology",
"Computer jargon",
"Metadata",
"Data",
"Natural language and computing"
] |
1,708,182 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Designer%20baby | A designer baby is a baby whose genetic makeup has been selected or altered, often to exclude a particular gene or to remove genes associated with disease. This process usually involves analysing a wide range of human embryos to identify genes associated with particular diseases and characteristics, and selecting embry... | Designer baby | [
"Chemistry",
"Technology",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 7,477 | [
"Bioethics",
"Genetics techniques",
"Biological engineering",
"Genome editing",
"Genetic engineering",
"Transhumanism",
"Ethics of science and technology",
"Molecular biology"
] |
1,708,335 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanger%20sequencing | Sanger sequencing is a method of DNA sequencing that involves electrophoresis and is based on the random incorporation of chain-terminating dideoxynucleotides by DNA polymerase during in vitro DNA replication. After first being developed by Frederick Sanger and colleagues in 1977, it became the most widely used sequenc... | Sanger sequencing | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 3,402 | [
"Genetics techniques",
"DNA sequencing methods",
"Molecular biology techniques",
"DNA sequencing",
"Molecular biology"
] |
1,708,398 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptobiosis | Cryptobiosis or anabiosis is a metabolic state in extremophilic organisms in response to adverse environmental conditions such as desiccation, freezing, and oxygen deficiency. In the cryptobiotic state, all measurable metabolic processes stop, preventing reproduction, development, and repair. When environmental conditi... | Cryptobiosis | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,506 | [
"Senescence",
"Cellular processes",
"Metabolism",
"Physiology"
] |
1,708,412 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restriction%20digest | A restriction digest is a procedure used in molecular biology to prepare DNA for analysis or other processing. It is sometimes termed DNA fragmentation, though this term is used for other procedures as well. In a restriction digest, DNA molecules are cleaved at specific restriction sites of 4-12 nucleotides in length ... | Restriction digest | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 982 | [
"Genetics techniques",
"Biochemistry",
"Genetic engineering",
"Molecular biology"
] |
1,708,801 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse%20isotropy | A transversely isotropic material is one with physical properties that are symmetric about an axis that is normal to a plane of isotropy. This transverse plane has infinite planes of symmetry and thus, within this plane, the material properties are the same in all directions. Hence, such materials are also known as "po... | Transverse isotropy | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,708 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Continuum mechanics",
"Elasticity (physics)",
"Deformation (mechanics)",
"Classical mechanics",
"Materials science",
"Crystallography",
"Materials",
"Space",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Topology",
"Geometry",
"Spacetime",
"Orientation (geometry)",
"Physical proper... |
1,710,040 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indentation%20hardness | Indentation hardness tests are used in mechanical engineering to determine the hardness of a material to deformation. Several such tests exist, wherein the examined material is indented until an impression is formed; these tests can be performed on a macroscopic or microscopic scale.
When testing metals, indentation h... | Indentation hardness | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,321 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Materials testing",
"Hardness tests",
"Physical properties"
] |
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