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id int64 39 79M	url stringlengths 32 168	text stringlengths 7 145k	source stringlengths 2 105	categories listlengths 1 6	token_count int64 3 32.2k	subcategories listlengths 0 27
7,716,173	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NMR%20tube	An NMR tube is a thin glass walled tube used to contain samples in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Typically NMR tubes come in 5 mm diameters but 10 mm and 3 mm samples are known. It is important that the tubes are uniformly thick and well-balanced to ensure that NMR tube spins at a regular rate (i.e., they do...	NMR tube	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	1,199	[ "Nuclear magnetic resonance", "Nuclear physics" ]
7,716,807	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic%20polymer%E2%80%93metal%20composites	Ionic polymer–metal composites (IPMCs) are synthetic composite nanomaterials that display artificial muscle behavior under an applied voltage or electric field. IPMCs are composed of an ionic polymer like Nafion or Flemion whose surfaces are chemically plated or physically coated with conductors such as platinum or gol...	Ionic polymer–metal composites	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	1,538	[ "Polymers", "Polymer chemistry" ]
7,717,738	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact%20resistance	Electrical contact resistance (ECR, or simply contact resistance) is resistance to the flow of electric current caused by incomplete contact of the surfaces through which the current is flowing, and by films or oxide layers on the contacting surfaces. It occurs at electrical connections such as switches, connectors, br...	Contact resistance	[ "Physics", "Materials_science", "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	1,468	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Physical quantities", "Quantity", "Materials science", "nan", "Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities", "Electrical resistance and conductance" ]
12,378,165	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluxomics	Fluxomics describes the various approaches that seek to determine the rates of metabolic reactions within a biological entity. While metabolomics can provide instantaneous information on the metabolites in a biological sample, metabolism is a dynamic process. The significance of fluxomics is that metabolic fluxes det...	Fluxomics	[ "Engineering", "Biology" ]	1,025	[ "Bioinformatics", "Biological engineering", "Computational biology", "Systems biology" ]
12,382,234	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Review%20of%20Cell%20and%20Molecular%20Biology	The International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology is a scientific book series that publishes articles on plant and animal cell biology. Until 2008 it was known as the International Review of Cytology. References Molecular and cellular biology journals English-language journals Elsevier academic journals	International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology	[ "Chemistry" ]	52	[ "Molecular and cellular biology journals", "Molecular biology" ]
5,880,781	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinoic%20acid%20receptor	The retinoic acid receptor (RAR) is a type of nuclear receptor which can also act as a ligand-activated transcription factor that is activated by both all-trans retinoic acid and 9-cis retinoic acid, retinoid active derivatives of Vitamin A. They are typically found within the nucleus. There are three retinoic acid re...	Retinoic acid receptor	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	537	[ "Induced stem cells", "Gene expression", "Transcription factors", "Signal transduction" ]
5,880,996	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farnesoid%20X%20receptor	The bile acid receptor (BAR), also known as farnesoid X receptor (FXR) or NR1H4 (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4), is a nuclear receptor that is encoded by the NR1H4 gene in humans. Function FXR is expressed at high levels in the liver and intestine. Chenodeoxycholic acid and other bile acids are na...	Farnesoid X receptor	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	702	[ "Induced stem cells", "Gene expression", "Transcription factors", "Signal transduction" ]
5,884,194	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesicular%20transport%20adaptor%20protein	Vesicular transport adaptor proteins are proteins involved in forming complexes that function in the trafficking of molecules from one subcellular location to another. These complexes concentrate the correct cargo molecules in vesicles that bud or extrude off of one organelle and travel to another location, where the c...	Vesicular transport adaptor protein	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,898	[ "Evolutionary processes", "Cell biology", "Molecular evolution", "Protein classification", "Molecular biology", "Protein families" ]
207,601	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adsorption	Adsorption is the adhesion of atoms, ions or molecules from a gas, liquid or dissolved solid to a surface. This process creates a film of the adsorbate on the surface of the adsorbent. This process differs from absorption, in which a fluid (the absorbate) is dissolved by or permeates a liquid or solid (the absorbent). ...	Adsorption	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	6,554	[ "Catalysis", "Matter", "Colloidal chemistry", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Chemical kinetics", "Phases of matter", "Materials science", "Surface science", "Colloids", "Chemical processes", "Condensed matter physics", "nan", "Chemical process engineering", "Statistical mechanic...
207,754	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic%20cell	In cellular biology, a somatic cell (), or vegetal cell, is any biological cell forming the body of a multicellular organism other than a gamete, germ cell, gametocyte or undifferentiated stem cell. Somatic cells compose the body of an organism and divide through mitosis. In contrast, gametes derive from meiosis withi...	Somatic cell	[ "Engineering", "Biology" ]	1,492	[ "Behavior", "Developmental biology", "Reproduction", "Cloning", "Genetic engineering" ]
208,215	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geochronology	Geochronology is the science of determining the age of rocks, fossils, and sediments using signatures inherent in the rocks themselves. Absolute geochronology can be accomplished through radioactive isotopes, whereas relative geochronology is provided by tools such as paleomagnetism and stable isotope ratios. By combin...	Geochronology	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,857	[ "Radiometric dating", "Radioactivity" ]
208,369	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoluminescence%20dating	Thermoluminescence dating (TL) is the determination, by means of measuring the accumulated radiation dose, of the time elapsed since material containing crystalline minerals was either heated (lava, ceramics) or exposed to sunlight (sediments). As a crystalline material is heated during measurements, the process of th...	Thermoluminescence dating	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,955	[ "Luminescence", "Molecular physics" ]
208,572	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical%20window	The optical window is the portion of the optical spectrum that is blocked by the Earth's atmosphere. The window runs from around 300 nanometers (ultraviolet-B) up into the range the human eye can detect, roughly 400–700 nm and continues up to approximately 2 μm. Sunlight mostly reaches the ground through the optical a...	Optical window	[ "Physics", "Astronomy" ]	419	[ "Astronomical sub-disciplines", "Observational astronomy", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Electromagnetic spectrum" ]
208,810	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddington%20luminosity	The Eddington luminosity, also referred to as the Eddington limit, is the maximum luminosity a body (such as a star) can achieve when there is balance between the force of radiation acting outward and the gravitational force acting inward. The state of balance is called hydrostatic equilibrium. When a star exceeds the ...	Eddington luminosity	[ "Physics", "Astronomy" ]	1,833	[ "Astronomical sub-disciplines", "Concepts in astrophysics", "Astrophysics", "Stellar astronomy" ]
208,986	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%20fuming%20nitric%20acid	Red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) is a storable oxidizer used as a rocket propellant. It consists of nitric acid (), dinitrogen tetroxide () and a small amount of water. The color of red fuming nitric acid is due to the dinitrogen tetroxide, which breaks down partially to form nitrogen dioxide. The nitrogen dioxide dissolv...	Red fuming nitric acid	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,133	[ "Acids", "Rocket oxidizers", "Oxidizing acids", "Oxidizing agents" ]
209,005	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noon	Noon (also known as noontime or midday) is 12 o'clock in the daytime. It is written as 12 noon, 12:00 m. (for meridiem, literally 12:00 midday), 12 p.m. (for post meridiem, literally "after midday"), 12 pm, or 12:00 (using a 24-hour clock) or 1200 (military time). Solar noon is the time when the Sun appears to contact ...	Noon	[ "Astronomy", "Technology" ]	1,355	[ "Time in astronomy", "Parts of a day", "Components" ]
209,128	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotient%20rule	In calculus, the quotient rule is a method of finding the derivative of a function that is the ratio of two differentiable functions. Let , where both and are differentiable and The quotient rule states that the derivative of is It is provable in many ways by using other derivative rules. Examples Example 1: Bas...	Quotient rule	[ "Mathematics" ]	458	[ "Theorems in mathematical analysis", "Mathematical analysis", "Theorems in calculus", "Calculus", "Mathematical problems", "Articles containing proofs", "Mathematical theorems" ]
209,271	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter%20Zeeman	Pieter Zeeman (, ; ; 25 May 1865 – 9 October 1943) was a Dutch physicist who shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Hendrik Lorentz for his discovery of the Zeeman effect. Childhood and youth Pieter Zeeman was born in Zonnemaire, a small town on the island of Schouwen-Duiveland, the Netherlands, the son of Rev Ca...	Pieter Zeeman	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	1,527	[ "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Physical chemists", "Analytical chemists", "Quantum physicists", "Quantum mechanics", "Spectroscopists", "Experimental physics", "Spectroscopy", "Experimental physicists" ]
209,455	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thylakoid	Thylakoids are membrane-bound compartments inside chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. They are the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. Thylakoids consist of a thylakoid membrane surrounding a thylakoid lumen. Chloroplast thylakoids frequently form stacks of disks referred to as grana (singular: granum)...	Thylakoid	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	4,568	[ "Membrane biology", "Photosynthesis", "Plastids", "Molecular biology", "Biochemistry" ]
209,459	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative%20splicing	Alternative splicing, or alternative RNA splicing, or differential splicing, is an alternative splicing process during gene expression that allows a single gene to produce different splice variants. For example, some exons of a gene may be included within or excluded from the final RNA product of the gene. This means t...	Alternative splicing	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	6,421	[ "Gene expression", "Molecular genetics", "Cellular processes", "Molecular biology", "Biochemistry" ]
209,874	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density%20functional%20theory	Density functional theory (DFT) is a computational quantum mechanical modelling method used in physics, chemistry and materials science to investigate the electronic structure (or nuclear structure) (principally the ground state) of many-body systems, in particular atoms, molecules, and the condensed phases. Using thi...	Density functional theory	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	8,136	[ "Density functional theory", "Quantum chemistry", "Quantum mechanics", "Computational physics", "Electronic structure methods", "Computational chemistry" ]
14,001,145	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die%20shrink	The term die shrink (sometimes optical shrink or process shrink) refers to the scaling of metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) devices. The act of shrinking a die creates a somewhat identical circuit using a more advanced fabrication process, usually involving an advance of lithographic nodes. This reduces overall costs fo...	Die shrink	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	835	[ "Electrical resistance and conductance", "Integrated circuits", "Physical quantities", "Computer engineering", "Semiconductors", "Materials", "Electronic engineering", "Condensed matter physics", "Solid state engineering", "Matter" ]
14,005,026	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusiophoresis%20and%20diffusioosmosis	Diffusiophoresis is the spontaneous motion of colloidal particles or molecules in a fluid, induced by a concentration gradient of a different substance. In other words, it is motion of one species, A, in response to a concentration gradient in another species, B. Typically, A is colloidal particles which are in aqueous...	Diffusiophoresis and diffusioosmosis	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	3,206	[ "Colloidal chemistry", "Colloids", "Surface science", "Civil engineering", "Fluid mechanics" ]
14,011,666	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic%20absorption%20by%20water	The absorption of electromagnetic radiation by water depends on the state of the water. The absorption in the gas phase occurs in three regions of the spectrum. Rotational transitions are responsible for absorption in the microwave and far-infrared, vibrational transitions in the mid-infrared and near-infrared. Vibrat...	Electromagnetic absorption by water	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	2,476	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Electric and magnetic fields in matter", "Absorption spectroscopy", "Materials science", "Electrochemistry", "Condensed matter physics", "nan", "Water physics", "Spectroscopy", "Chemical physics" ]
1,124,466	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium%E2%80%93thorium%20dating	Uranium–thorium dating, also called thorium-230 dating, uranium-series disequilibrium dating or uranium-series dating, is a radiometric dating technique established in the 1960s which has been used since the 1970s to determine the age of calcium carbonate materials such as speleothem or coral. Unlike other commonly use...	Uranium–thorium dating	[ "Chemistry" ]	960	[ "Radiometric dating", "Radioactivity" ]
1,125,528	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swordquest	Swordquest is a series of video games originally produced by Atari, Inc. in the 1980s as part of a contest, consisting of three finished games, Earthworld, Fireworld and Waterworld (with these titles occasionally appearing on cartridge labels and boxes with capitalized central Ws, e.g. EarthWorld), and a planned fourth...	Swordquest	[ "Technology" ]	3,159	[ "Multimedia", "Multimedia works" ]
1,126,109	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosystem	Photosystems are functional and structural units of protein complexes involved in photosynthesis. Together they carry out the primary photochemistry of photosynthesis: the absorption of light and the transfer of energy and electrons. Photosystems are found in the thylakoid membranes of plants, algae, and cyanobacteria....	Photosystem	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,946	[ "Photosynthesis", "Biochemical reactions", "Light reactions", "Biochemistry", "Metalloproteins", "Bioinorganic chemistry" ]
1,126,110	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosystem%20II	Photosystem II (or water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase) is the first protein complex in the light-dependent reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis. It is located in the thylakoid membrane of plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. Within the photosystem, enzymes capture photons of light to energize electrons that are then tran...	Photosystem II	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,562	[ "Biochemistry", "Light reactions", "Photosynthesis", "Biochemical reactions" ]
1,126,111	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosystem%20I	Photosystem I (PSI, or plastocyanin–ferredoxin oxidoreductase) is one of two photosystems in the photosynthetic light reactions of algae, plants, and cyanobacteria. Photosystem I is an integral membrane protein complex that uses light energy to catalyze the transfer of electrons across the thylakoid membrane from plas...	Photosystem I	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,664	[ "Biochemistry", "Light reactions", "Photosynthesis", "Biochemical reactions" ]
1,126,641	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant%20%28physics%29	In theoretical physics, an invariant is an observable of a physical system which remains unchanged under some transformation. Invariance, as a broader term, also applies to the no change of form of physical laws under a transformation, and is closer in scope to the mathematical definition. Invariants of a system are de...	Invariant (physics)	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	696	[ "Physical phenomena", "Physical quantities", "Equations of physics", "Conservation laws", "Quantity", "Physical properties", "Symmetry", "Physics theorems" ]
1,127,490	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sporopollenin	Sporopollenin is a biological polymer found as a major component of the tough outer (exine) walls of plant spores and pollen grains. It is chemically very stable (one of the most inert among biopolymers) and is usually well preserved in soils and sediments. The exine layer is often intricately sculptured in species-sp...	Sporopollenin	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	889	[ "Organic polymers", "Natural products", "Biochemistry", "Organic compounds", "Biomolecules", "Molecular biology", "Structural biology" ]
1,127,875	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerator%20mass%20spectrometry	Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is a form of mass spectrometry that accelerates ions to extraordinarily high kinetic energies before mass analysis. The special strength of AMS among the different methods of mass spectrometry is its ability to separate a rare isotope from an abundant neighboring mass ("abundance sen...	Accelerator mass spectrometry	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	1,309	[ "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Instrumental analysis", "Mass", "Accelerator mass spectrometry", "Mass spectrometry", "Matter" ]
4,449,103	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibration%20isolation	Vibration isolation is the prevention of transmission of vibration from one component of a system to others parts of the same system, as in buildings or mechanical systems. Vibration is undesirable in many domains, primarily engineered systems and habitable spaces, and methods have been developed to prevent the transfe...	Vibration isolation	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	4,753	[ "Structural engineering", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Mechanics", "Mechanical vibrations", "Mechanical engineering" ]
4,449,204	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasi-solid	Quasi-solid, Falsely-solid, or semisolid is the physical term for something whose state lies between a solid and a liquid. While similar to solids in some respects, such as having the ability to support their own weight and hold their shapes, a quasi-solid also shares some properties of liquids, such as conforming in s...	Quasi-solid	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	240	[ "Phases of matter", "Physical chemistry stubs", "Matter" ]
4,450,467	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum%20energy%20control	In control theory, the minimum energy control is the control that will bring a linear time invariant system to a desired state with a minimum expenditure of energy. Let the linear time invariant (LTI) system be with initial state . One seeks an input so that the system will be in the state at time , and for an...	Minimum energy control	[ "Mathematics" ]	159	[ "Applied mathematics", "Control theory", "Dynamical systems" ]
4,450,595	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petasis%20reagent	The Petasis reagent, named after Nicos A. Petasis, is an organotitanium compound with the formula Cp2Ti(CH3)2. It is an orange-colored solid. Preparation and use The Petasis reagent is prepared by the salt metathesis reaction of methylmagnesium chloride or methyllithium with titanocene dichloride: Cp2TiCl2 + 2 CH3...	Petasis reagent	[ "Chemistry" ]	377	[ "Cyclopentadienyl complexes", "Coordination complexes", "Coordination chemistry", "Reagents for organic chemistry", "Organometallic chemistry" ]
9,980,598	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nth-term%20test	In mathematics, the nth-term test for divergence is a simple test for the divergence of an infinite series:If or if the limit does not exist, then diverges.Many authors do not name this test or give it a shorter name. When testing if a series converges or diverges, this test is often checked first due to its ease of...	Nth-term test	[ "Mathematics" ]	456	[ "Theorems in mathematical analysis", "Convergence tests", "Articles containing proofs" ]
9,986,646	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soliton%20model%20in%20neuroscience	The soliton hypothesis in neuroscience is a model that claims to explain how action potentials are initiated and conducted along axons based on a thermodynamic theory of nerve pulse propagation. It proposes that the signals travel along the cell's membrane in the form of certain kinds of solitary sound (or density) pul...	Soliton model in neuroscience	[ "Physics", "Biology" ]	2,800	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Biophysics" ]
18,004,542	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindmarsh%E2%80%93Rose%20model	The Hindmarsh–Rose model of neuronal activity is aimed to study the spiking-bursting behavior of the membrane potential observed in experiments made with a single neuron. The relevant variable is the membrane potential, x(t), which is written in dimensionless units. There are two more variables, y(t) and z(t), which ta...	Hindmarsh–Rose model	[ "Physics", "Mathematics", "Biology" ]	496	[ "Functions and mappings", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Mathematical objects", "Nonlinear systems", "Biophysics", "Mathematical relations", "Chaotic maps", "Dynamical systems" ]
18,004,969	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese%28II%29%20fluoride	Manganese(II) fluoride is the chemical compound composed of manganese and fluoride with the formula MnF2. It is a light pink solid, the light pink color being characteristic for manganese(II) compounds. It is made by treating manganese and diverse compounds of manganese(II) in hydrofluoric acid. Like some other metal ...	Manganese(II) fluoride	[ "Chemistry" ]	168	[ "Inorganic compounds", "Inorganic compound stubs", "Salts", "Metal halides", "Fluorides" ]
18,005,010	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium%20dioxide	Niobium dioxide, is the chemical compound with the formula NbO2. It is a bluish-black non-stoichiometric solid with a composition range of NbO1.94-NbO2.09. It can be prepared by reducing Nb2O5 with H2 at 800–1350 °C. An alternative method is reaction of Nb2O5 with Nb powder at 1100 °C. Properties The room temperature...	Niobium dioxide	[ "Chemistry" ]	287	[ "Non-stoichiometric compounds" ]
18,005,603	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoran	Fluoran is a triarylmethane dye. It is the structural core of a variety of other dyes. These dyes have a variety of applications such as chemical stains (for example eosins) and in thermal paper. Black 305 is a common leuco dye product for thermal paper. References Triarylmethane dyes Spiro compounds Lactones	Fluoran	[ "Chemistry" ]	77	[ "Organic compounds", "Organic compound stubs", "Organic chemistry stubs", "Spiro compounds" ]
18,005,720	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese%28II%29%20bromide	Manganese(II) bromide is the chemical compound composed of manganese and bromine with the formula MnBr2. It can be used in place of palladium in the Stille reaction, which couples two carbon atoms using an organotin compound. References Manganese(II) compounds Bromides Metal halides	Manganese(II) bromide	[ "Chemistry" ]	68	[ "Inorganic compounds", "Inorganic compound stubs", "Salts", "Bromides", "Metal halides" ]
18,006,051	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred%20Bucherer	Alfred Heinrich Bucherer (* 9 July 1863 in Cologne; † 16 April 1927 in Bonn) was a German physicist, who is known for his experiments on relativistic mass. He also was the first who used the phrase "theory of relativity" for Einstein's theory of special relativity. Education He studied from 1884 until 1899 at the Univ...	Alfred Bucherer	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	814	[ "Biochemists", "Mass spectrometry", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Mass spectrometrists" ]
18,007,622	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan%E2%80%93Wigner%20transformation	The Jordan–Wigner transformation is a transformation that maps spin operators onto fermionic creation and annihilation operators. It was proposed by Pascual Jordan and Eugene Wigner for one-dimensional lattice models, but now two-dimensional analogues of the transformation have also been created. The Jordan–Wigner tran...	Jordan–Wigner transformation	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	674	[ "Quantum field theory", "Phases of matter", "Quantum mechanics", "Lattice models", "Computational physics", "Materials science", "Condensed matter physics", "Statistical mechanics", "Matter" ]
18,008,163	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundwater%20remediation	Groundwater remediation is the process that is used to treat polluted groundwater by removing the pollutants or converting them into harmless products. Groundwater is water present below the ground surface that saturates the pore space in the subsurface. Globally, between 25 per cent and 40 per cent of the world's drin...	Groundwater remediation	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Biology", "Environmental_science" ]	2,655	[ "Hydrology", "Ecological restoration", "Phytoremediation plants", "Water pollution", "Environmental engineering", "Aquifers", "nan", "Bioremediation" ]
18,012,776	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric%20convolution	In mathematics, symmetric convolution is a special subset of convolution operations in which the convolution kernel is symmetric across its zero point. Many common convolution-based processes such as Gaussian blur and taking the derivative of a signal in frequency-space are symmetric and this property can be exploited ...	Symmetric convolution	[ "Mathematics" ]	618	[ "Functional analysis", "Functions and mappings", "Mathematical relations", "Mathematical objects" ]
18,013,345	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ModelSim	ModelSim is a multi-language environment by Siemens (previously developed by Mentor Graphics,) for simulation of hardware description languages such as VHDL, Verilog and SystemC, and includes a built-in C debugger. ModelSim can be used independently, or in conjunction with Intel Quartus Prime, PSIM, Xilinx ISE or Xilin...	ModelSim	[ "Engineering" ]	380	[ "Electronic engineering", "Digital electronics" ]
404,001	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic%20equation	In mathematics, an algebraic equation or polynomial equation is an equation of the form , where P is a polynomial with coefficients in some field, often the field of the rational numbers. For example, is an algebraic equation with integer coefficients and is a multivariate polynomial equation over the rationals. For...	Algebraic equation	[ "Mathematics" ]	2,085	[ "Polynomials", "Equations", "Mathematical objects", "Algebra" ]
404,078	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brauer%20group	In mathematics, the Brauer group of a field K is an abelian group whose elements are Morita equivalence classes of central simple algebras over K, with addition given by the tensor product of algebras. It was defined by the algebraist Richard Brauer. The Brauer group arose out of attempts to classify division algebras...	Brauer group	[ "Mathematics" ]	2,853	[ "Fields of abstract algebra", "Algebraic number theory", "Ring theory", "Number theory" ]
404,082	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central%20simple%20algebra	In ring theory and related areas of mathematics a central simple algebra (CSA) over a field K is a finite-dimensional associative K-algebra A that is simple, and for which the center is exactly K. (Note that not every simple algebra is a central simple algebra over its center: for instance, if K is a field of character...	Central simple algebra	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,040	[ "Mathematical structures", "Algebras", "Ring theory", "Fields of abstract algebra", "Algebraic structures" ]
404,181	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed%20and%20exact%20differential%20forms	In mathematics, especially vector calculus and differential topology, a closed form is a differential form α whose exterior derivative is zero (), and an exact form is a differential form, α, that is the exterior derivative of another differential form β. Thus, an exact form is in the image of d, and a closed form is ...	Closed and exact differential forms	[ "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	1,848	[ "Theorems in mathematical analysis", "Tensors", "Differential forms", "Lemmas in mathematical analysis", "Lemmas" ]
404,365	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anyolite	Anyolite is a metamorphic rock composed of intergrown green zoisite, black/dark green pargasite and ruby. It has been found in the Arusha Region of Tanzania and in Austria. It is sometimes incorrectly advertised as a variety of the mineral zoisite. The term anyolite is, however, not an officially accepted term for a me...	Anyolite	[ "Physics" ]	248	[ "Materials", "Gemstones", "Matter" ]
404,854	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrostatic%20test	A hydrostatic test is a way in which pressure vessels such as pipelines, plumbing, gas cylinders, boilers and fuel tanks can be tested for strength and leaks. The test involves filling the vessel or pipe system with a liquid, usually water, which may be dyed to aid in visual leak detection, and pressurization of the ve...	Hydrostatic test	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	1,971	[ "Structural engineering", "Chemical equipment", "Building engineering", "Chemical engineering", "Physical systems", "Nondestructive testing", "Materials testing", "Hydraulics", "Mechanical engineering", "Piping", "Pressure vessels" ]
405,532	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%20and%20Z%20bosons	In particle physics, the W and Z bosons are vector bosons that are together known as the weak bosons or more generally as the intermediate vector bosons. These elementary particles mediate the weak interaction; the respective symbols are , , and . The bosons have either a positive or negative electric charge of 1 elem...	W and Z bosons	[ "Physics" ]	3,396	[ "Standard Model", "Physical phenomena", "Elementary particles", "Matter", "Force carriers", "Electroweak theory", "Bosons", "Fundamental interactions", "Particle physics", "Subatomic particles" ]
405,711	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superluminal%20motion	In astronomy, superluminal motion is the apparently faster-than-light motion seen in some radio galaxies, BL Lac objects, quasars, blazars and recently also in some galactic sources called microquasars. Bursts of energy moving out along the relativistic jets emitted from these objects can have a proper motion that appe...	Superluminal motion	[ "Physics", "Astronomy" ]	2,080	[ "Astronomical sub-disciplines", "Astrophysics" ]
405,766	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear%20combination%20of%20atomic%20orbitals	A linear combination of atomic orbitals or LCAO is a quantum superposition of atomic orbitals and a technique for calculating molecular orbitals in quantum chemistry. In quantum mechanics, electron configurations of atoms are described as wavefunctions. In a mathematical sense, these wave functions are the basis set of...	Linear combination of atomic orbitals	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	809	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Quantum chemistry", "Quantum mechanics", "Computational physics", "Electronic structure methods", "Computational chemistry", "Condensed matter physics", "nan", "Chemical bonding", "Physical chemistry" ]
3,279,949	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line%E2%80%93plane%20intersection	In analytic geometry, the intersection of a line and a plane in three-dimensional space can be the empty set, a point, or a line. It is the entire line if that line is embedded in the plane, and is the empty set if the line is parallel to the plane but outside it. Otherwise, the line cuts through the plane at a single ...	Line–plane intersection	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	791	[ "Planes (geometry)", "Infinity", "Mathematical objects", "Computational physics" ]
3,281,044	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%2C3-sigmatropic%20rearrangement	2,3-Sigmatropic rearrangements are a type of sigmatropic rearrangements and can be classified into two types. Rearrangements of allylic sulfoxides, amine oxides, selenoxides are neutral. Rearrangements of carbanions of allyl ethers are anionic. The general scheme for this kind of rearrangement is: Atom Y may be sulfur...	2,3-sigmatropic rearrangement	[ "Chemistry" ]	466	[ "Reaction mechanisms", "Organic reactions", "Physical organic chemistry", "Chemical kinetics", "Rearrangement reactions" ]
3,281,166	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic%20process	Classical thermodynamics considers three main kinds of thermodynamic processes: (1) changes in a system, (2) cycles in a system, and (3) flow processes. (1) A Thermodynamic process is a process in which the thermodynamic state of a system is changed. A change in a system is defined by a passage from an initial to a f...	Thermodynamic process	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	2,840	[ "Thermodynamic systems", "Thermodynamic processes", "Physical systems", "Equilibrium chemistry", "Thermodynamics", "Dynamical systems" ]
3,281,317	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timoshenko%20Medal	The Timoshenko Medal is an award given annually by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) to an individual "in recognition of distinguished contributions to the field of applied mechanics." The Timoshenko Medal, widely regarded as the highest international award in the field of applied mechanics, was est...	Timoshenko Medal	[ "Engineering" ]	1,255	[ "Mechanical engineering awards", "Mechanical engineering" ]
3,282,143	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robust%20control	In control theory, robust control is an approach to controller design that explicitly deals with uncertainty. Robust control methods are designed to function properly provided that uncertain parameters or disturbances are found within some (typically compact) set. Robust methods aim to achieve robust performance and/or...	Robust control	[ "Mathematics" ]	924	[ "Applied mathematics", "Control theory", "Dynamical systems" ]
3,283,910	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclostationary%20process	A cyclostationary process is a signal having statistical properties that vary cyclically with time. A cyclostationary process can be viewed as multiple interleaved stationary processes. For example, the maximum daily temperature in New York City can be modeled as a cyclostationary process: the maximum temperature on Ju...	Cyclostationary process	[ "Engineering" ]	2,246	[ "Statistical signal processing", "Engineering statistics" ]
2,393,975	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yang%E2%80%93Mills%20existence%20and%20mass%20gap	The Yang–Mills existence and mass gap problem is an unsolved problem in mathematical physics and mathematics, and one of the seven Millennium Prize Problems defined by the Clay Mathematics Institute, which has offered a prize of US$1,000,000 for its solution. The problem is phrased as follows: Yang–Mills Existence a...	Yang–Mills existence and mass gap	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	1,410	[ "Unsolved problems in mathematics", "Mathematical problems", "Unsolved problems in physics", "Millennium Prize Problems" ]
2,394,829	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophily	Hydrophily is a fairly uncommon form of pollination whereby pollen is distributed by the flow of waters, particularly in rivers and streams. Hydrophilous species fall into two categories: (i) Those that distribute their pollen to the surface of water. e.g. Vallisneria'''s male flower or pollen grain are released on th...	Hydrophily	[ "Biology" ]	416	[ "Plant morphology", "Plants" ]
2,396,039	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood%E2%80%93testis%20barrier	The blood–testis barrier is a physical barrier between the blood vessels and the seminiferous tubules of the animal testes. The name "blood-testis barrier" is misleading as it is not a blood-organ barrier in a strict sense, but is formed between Sertoli cells of the seminiferous tubule and isolates the further develope...	Blood–testis barrier	[ "Biology" ]	695	[ "Animals", "Animal physiology" ]
2,396,555	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20experimental%20errors%20and%20frauds%20in%20physics	Experimental science demands repeatability of results, but many experiments are not repeatable due to fraud or error. The list of papers whose results were later retracted or discredited, thus leading to invalid science, is growing. Some errors are introduced when the experimenter's desire for a certain result unconsci...	List of experimental errors and frauds in physics	[ "Physics" ]	1,585	[ "Experimental physics", "Physics experiments" ]
2,397,362	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karush%E2%80%93Kuhn%E2%80%93Tucker%20conditions	In mathematical optimization, the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) conditions, also known as the Kuhn–Tucker conditions, are first derivative tests (sometimes called first-order necessary conditions) for a solution in nonlinear programming to be optimal, provided that some regularity conditions are satisfied. Allowing inequal...	Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,847	[ "Mathematical optimization", "Applied mathematics", "Mathematical analysis", "Mathematical economics" ]
2,397,539	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beal%20conjecture	The Beal conjecture is the following conjecture in number theory: If , where A, B, C, x, y, and z are positive integers with x, y, z ≥ 3, then A, B, and C have a common prime factor. Equivalently, The equation has no solutions in positive integers and pairwise coprime integers A, B, C if x, y, z ≥ 3. The conjec...	Beal conjecture	[ "Mathematics" ]	2,676	[ "Unsolved problems in mathematics", "Mathematical objects", "Equations", "Unsolved problems in number theory", "Diophantine equations", "Conjectures", "Abc conjecture", "Mathematical problems", "Number theory" ]
2,398,004	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas%20C.%20Handy	Nicholas Charles Handy (17 June 1941 – 2 October 2012) was a British theoretical chemist. He retired as Professor of quantum chemistry at the University of Cambridge in September 2004. Education and early life Handy was born in Wiltshire, England and educated at Clayesmore School. He studied the Mathematical Tripos a...	Nicholas C. Handy	[ "Chemistry" ]	362	[ "Quantum chemistry", "Theoretical chemistry", "Theoretical chemists", "Physical chemists" ]
2,398,131	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tactile%20graphic	Tactile graphics, including tactile pictures, tactile diagrams, tactile maps, and tactile graphs, are images that use raised surfaces so that a visually impaired person can feel them. They are used to convey non-textual information such as maps, paintings, graphs and diagrams. Tactile graphics can be seen as a subset ...	Tactile graphic	[ "Engineering" ]	1,203	[ "Accessibility", "Design" ]
11,422,055	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD64	In molecular biology, SNORD64 (also known as HBII-13) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the biogenesis (modification) of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a sma...	Small nucleolar RNA SNORD64	[ "Chemistry" ]	331	[ "Biochemistry stubs", "Molecular and cellular biology stubs" ]
11,422,059	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD65	In molecular biology, SNORD65 (also known as HBII-135) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the biogenesis (modification) of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a sm...	Small nucleolar RNA SNORD65	[ "Chemistry" ]	244	[ "Biochemistry stubs", "Molecular and cellular biology stubs" ]
11,422,061	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD66	In molecular biology, SNORD66 (also known as HBII-142) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small n...	Small nucleolar RNA SNORD66	[ "Chemistry" ]	280	[ "Biochemistry stubs", "Molecular and cellular biology stubs" ]
11,422,066	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD67	In molecular biology, SNORD67 (also known as HBII-166) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the biogenesis (modification) of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a sm...	Small nucleolar RNA SNORD67	[ "Chemistry" ]	242	[ "Biochemistry stubs", "Molecular and cellular biology stubs" ]
11,422,070	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD69	In molecular biology, snoRNA HBII-210 belongs to the C/D family of snoRNAs. It is the human orthologue of the mouse MBII-210 and is predicted to guide the 2'O-ribose methylation of large 28S rRNA on residue G4464. References External links Small nuclear RNA	Small nucleolar RNA SNORD69	[ "Chemistry" ]	73	[ "Biochemistry stubs", "Molecular and cellular biology stubs" ]
11,422,075	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD71	In molecular biology, snoRNA HBII-239 belongs to the family of C/D snoRNAs. It is the human orthologue of the mouse MBII-239 described and is predicted to guide 2'O-ribose methylation of 5.8S rRNA on residue U14. References External links Small nuclear RNA	Small nucleolar RNA SNORD71	[ "Chemistry" ]	73	[ "Biochemistry stubs", "Molecular and cellular biology stubs" ]
11,422,078	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD72	In molecular biology, SNORD72 (also known as HBII-240) belongs to the C/D family of snoRNAs. It is the human orthologue of the mouse MBII-240 and is predicted to guide 2'O-ribose methylation of the large 28S rRNA at residue U4590. References External links Small nuclear RNA	Small nucleolar RNA SNORD72	[ "Chemistry" ]	80	[ "Biochemistry stubs", "Molecular and cellular biology stubs" ]
11,422,100	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD89	In molecular biology, snoRNA HBII-289 belongs to the family of C/D snoRNAs. It is the human orthologue of the mouse MBII-289 and has no identified RNA target. References External links Small nuclear RNA	Small nucleolar RNA SNORD89	[ "Chemistry" ]	54	[ "Biochemistry stubs", "Molecular and cellular biology stubs" ]
11,422,101	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD90	In molecular biology, snoRNA SNORD90 (HBII-295) is a non-coding RNA that belongs to the family of C/D snoRNAs. Initially described as HBII-295 this RNA has now been called SNORD70 by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee. It is the human orthologue of the mouse MBII-295 and has no identified RNA target. This RNA is expr...	Small nucleolar RNA SNORD90	[ "Chemistry" ]	187	[ "Biochemistry stubs", "Molecular and cellular biology stubs" ]
11,422,102	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD95	In molecular biology, snoRNA U95 (also known as SNORD95 or Z38) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as ...	Small nucleolar RNA SNORD95	[ "Chemistry" ]	260	[ "Biochemistry stubs", "Molecular and cellular biology stubs" ]
11,422,259	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spi-1%20%28PU.1%29%205%E2%80%B2%20UTR%20regulatory%20element	The Spi-1 (PU.1) 5′ UTR regulatory element is an RNA element found in the 5′ UTR of Spi-1 mRNA which is able to inhibit the translation Spi-1 transcripts by 8-fold. Spi-1 regulates myeloid gene expression during haemopoietic development. Mutations in this regulatory region of the 5′ UTR can lead to overexpression of S...	Spi-1 (PU.1) 5′ UTR regulatory element	[ "Chemistry" ]	117	[ "Biochemistry stubs", "Molecular and cellular biology stubs" ]
11,422,266	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SraB%20RNA	The SraB RNA is a small non-coding RNA discovered in E. coli during a large scale experimental screen. The 14 novel RNAs discovered were named 'sra' for small RNA, examples include SraC, SraD and SraG. This ncRNA was found to be expressed only in stationary phase. The exact function of this RNA is unknown but it has be...	SraB RNA	[ "Chemistry" ]	130	[ "Biochemistry stubs", "Molecular and cellular biology stubs" ]
11,422,317	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobamovirus%20internal%20ribosome%20entry%20site%20%28IRES%29	The Tobamovirus internal ribosome entry site (IRES) is an element that allows cap and end-independent translation of mRNA in the host cell. The IRES achieves this by mediating the internal initiation of translation by recruiting a ribosomal 43S pre-initiation complex directly to the initiation codon and eliminates the ...	Tobamovirus internal ribosome entry site (IRES)	[ "Chemistry" ]	114	[ "Biochemistry stubs", "Molecular and cellular biology stubs" ]
11,422,320	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Togavirus%205%E2%80%B2%20plus%20strand%20cis-regulatory%20element	The Togavirus 5′ plus strand cis-regulatory element is an RNA element which is thought to be essential for both plus and minus strand RNA synthesis. Genus Alphavirus belongs to the family Togaviridae. Alpha viruses contain secondary structural motifs in the 5′ UTR that allow them to avoid detection by IFIT1. See al...	Togavirus 5′ plus strand cis-regulatory element	[ "Chemistry" ]	87	[ "Biochemistry stubs", "Molecular and cellular biology stubs" ]
11,422,340	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TPP%20riboswitch	The TPP riboswitch, also known as the THI element and Thi-box riboswitch, is a highly conserved RNA secondary structure. It serves as a riboswitch that binds thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) directly and modulates gene expression through a variety of mechanisms in archaea, bacteria and eukaryotes. TPP is the active form ...	TPP riboswitch	[ "Chemistry" ]	268	[ "Biochemistry stubs", "Molecular and cellular biology stubs" ]
11,422,746	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrasonic%20transducer	Ultrasonic transducers and ultrasonic sensors are devices that generate or sense ultrasound energy. They can be divided into three broad categories: transmitters, receivers and transceivers. Transmitters convert electrical signals into ultrasound, receivers convert ultrasound into electrical signals, and transceivers ...	Ultrasonic transducer	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	1,862	[ "Sensors", "Measuring instruments" ]
11,423,298	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online%20refuelling	In nuclear power technology, online refuelling is a technique for changing the fuel of a nuclear reactor while the reactor is critical. This allows the reactor to continue to generate electricity during routine refuelling, and therefore improve the availability and profitability of the plant. Benefits of online refue...	Online refuelling	[ "Physics" ]	698	[ "Nuclear technology", "Nuclear physics" ]
11,423,396	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burnup	In nuclear power technology, burnup is a measure of how much energy is extracted from a given amount of nuclear fuel. It may be measured as the fraction of fuel atoms that underwent fission in %FIMA (fissions per initial heavy metal atom) or %FIFA (fissions per initial fissile atom) as well as the actual energy release...	Burnup	[ "Physics" ]	2,282	[ "Nuclear technology", "Nuclear physics" ]
11,424,590	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaSalle%20Lake%20State%20Fish%20and%20Wildlife%20Area	LaSalle Lake State Fish and Wildlife Area is an Illinois state park on in LaSalle County, Illinois, United States. It is a man-made lake, built as a cooling pond for the LaSalle County Generating Station. References State parks of Illinois Protected areas of LaSalle County, Illinois Cooling ponds	LaSalle Lake State Fish and Wildlife Area	[ "Chemistry", "Environmental_science" ]	62	[ "Cooling ponds", "Water pollution" ]
11,428,320	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAVEman	CAVEman is a 4D high-resolution model of a functioning human elaborated by the University of Calgary. It resides in a cube-shaped virtual reality room, like a cave, also known as the "research holodeck", in which the human model floats in space, projected from three walls and the floor below. References External link...	CAVEman	[ "Biology" ]	97	[ "Health informatics", "Medical technology" ]
11,434,033	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s%20field%20NMR	Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in the geomagnetic field is conventionally referred to as Earth's field NMR (EFNMR). EFNMR is a special case of low field NMR. When a sample is placed in a constant magnetic field and stimulated (perturbed) by a time-varying (e.g., pulsed or alternating) magnetic field, NMR active nucl...	Earth's field NMR	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	1,620	[ "Nuclear magnetic resonance", "Nuclear physics" ]
11,434,205	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass%20flux	In physics and engineering, mass flux is the rate of mass flow per unit of area. Its SI units are kgs−1m−2. The common symbols are j, J, q, Q, φ, or Φ (Greek lowercase or capital Phi), sometimes with subscript m to indicate mass is the flowing quantity. This flux quantity is also known simply as "mass flow". "Mass fl...	Mass flux	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	1,068	[ "Physical phenomena", "Quantity", "Physical quantities", "Physical properties" ]
16,812,637	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20windstorm	European windstorms are powerful extratropical cyclones which form as cyclonic windstorms associated with areas of low atmospheric pressure. They can occur throughout the year, but are most frequent between October and March, with peak intensity in the winter months. Deep areas of low pressure are common over the North...	European windstorm	[ "Physics" ]	4,041	[ "Weather", "Physical phenomena", "Weather hazards" ]
16,815,031	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calogero%E2%80%93Degasperis%E2%80%93Fokas%20equation	In mathematics, the Calogero–Degasperis–Fokas equation is the nonlinear partial differential equation This equation was named after F. Calogero, A. Degasperis, and A. Fokas. See also Boomeron equation Zoomeron equation External links Partial differential equations Integrable systems	Calogero–Degasperis–Fokas equation	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	67	[ "Integrable systems", "Mathematical analysis", "Theoretical physics", "Mathematical analysis stubs" ]
16,818,152	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demethylating%20agent	Demethylating agents are chemical substances that can inhibit methylation, resulting in the expression of the previously hypermethylated silenced genes (see Methylation#Cancer for more detail). Cytidine analogs such as 5-azacytidine (azacitidine) and 5-azadeoxycytidine (decitabine) are the most commonly used demethylat...	Demethylating agent	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	944	[ "Biochemistry", "Methylation", "nan" ]
16,818,862	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAF%20Stability%20and%20Control%20DATCOM	The United States Air Force Stability and Control DATCOM is a collection, correlation, codification, and recording of best knowledge, opinion, and judgment in the area of aerodynamic stability and control prediction methods. It presents substantiated techniques for use (1) early in the design or concept study phase, (2...	USAF Stability and Control DATCOM	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	664	[ "Aerospace engineering", "Aerodynamics", "Fluid dynamics" ]
16,819,755	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane%20fouling	Membrane fouling is a process whereby a solution or a particle is deposited on a membrane surface or in membrane pores in a processes such as in a membrane bioreactor, reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, membrane distillation, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, or nanofiltration so that the membrane's performance is degra...	Membrane fouling	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	1,321	[ "Separation processes", "Membrane technology", "Water technology", "Materials degradation", "Fouling" ]
16,820,016	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solobacterium%20moorei	Solobacterium moorei is a bacterium that has been identified as a contributor to halitosis. It is a gram-positive anaerobic bacillus, erroneously known as Bulleidia moorei, in the family Erysipelotrichaceae of the order Erysipelotrichales. This particular strain was identified by Kageyama and Benno in 2000, previously ...	Solobacterium moorei	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	126	[]
16,821,253	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CFD-DEM	The CFD-DEM model, or Computational Fluid Dynamics / Discrete Element Method model, is a process used to model or simulate systems combining fluids with solids or particles. In CFD-DEM, the motion of discrete solids or particles phase is obtained by the Discrete Element Method (DEM) which applies Newton's laws of motio...	CFD-DEM	[ "Physics" ]	728	[ "Computational physics" ]

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