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<human>: What common fungal infections are typically associated with diabetes? <bot>: A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes.,context:Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way? Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems. Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common. As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one. Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem. The key is to catch them early. Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection. When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet. Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin. Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes. When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump. Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills. Talk with your doctor. Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections. Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails). A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes. Women are likely to get this in their vaginas. People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth. It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis." Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes. It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed. Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections. Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use. Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes. It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds. It looks like a small wart. Skin becomes tan or brown. It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety. It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin. Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange. This condition usually affects people who are very overweight. It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance. While there's no cure, losing weight may help. Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color. It's more common with type 1 diabetes. With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed. Patches of skin look discolored. They often appear on the chest and stomach. But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes. Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options. Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin. Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin. Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins. The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning. Treatment usually isn't necessary. Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition. Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath. The overlaying skin becomes thin and red. Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma. Lesions have fairly well-defined borders. Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful. As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them. If the sores do break open, see your doctor. Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight. It can also make your finger joints stiff. Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition. Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin. When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels. They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup. That can affect blood supply to your skin. When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin. Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured. Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood. When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen. Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy. These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks. They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs. To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood. The bumps usually go away over several weeks. You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs). Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters. These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms. They're usually painless and they heal on their own. They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control. Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin. These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too. The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored. Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help. Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back. It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes. The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control. Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.,Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way?Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems.Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common.As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one.Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem.The key is to catch them early.Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection.When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet.Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin.Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes.When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump.Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills.Talk with your doctor.Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections.Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails).A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes.Women are likely to get this in their vaginas.People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth.It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis."Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes.It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed.Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections.Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use.Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes.It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds.It looks like a small wart.Skin becomes tan or brown.It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety.It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin.Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange.This condition usually affects people who are very overweight.It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance.While there's no cure, losing weight may help.Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color.It's more common with type 1 diabetes.With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed.Patches of skin look discolored.They often appear on the chest and stomach.But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes.Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options.Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin.Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin.Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins.The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning.Treatment usually isn't necessary.Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition.Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath.The overlaying skin becomes thin and red.Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma.Lesions have fairly well-defined borders.Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful.As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them.If the sores do break open, see your doctor.Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight.It can also make your finger joints stiff.Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition.Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin.When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels.They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup.That can affect blood supply to your skin.When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin.Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured.Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood.When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen.Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy.These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks.They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs.To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood.The bumps usually go away over several weeks.You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs).Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters.These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms.They're usually painless and they heal on their own.They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy.For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control.Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin.These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too.The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored.Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help.Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back.It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes.The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control.Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.

<human>: How can you develop atherosclerosis if you have diabetes? <bot>: When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels. They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup. That can affect blood supply to your skin. When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin. Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured.,context:Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way? Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems. Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common. As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one. Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem. The key is to catch them early. Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection. When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet. Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin. Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes. When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump. Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills. Talk with your doctor. Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections. Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails). A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes. Women are likely to get this in their vaginas. People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth. It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis." Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes. It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed. Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections. Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use. Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes. It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds. It looks like a small wart. Skin becomes tan or brown. It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety. It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin. Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange. This condition usually affects people who are very overweight. It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance. While there's no cure, losing weight may help. Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color. It's more common with type 1 diabetes. With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed. Patches of skin look discolored. They often appear on the chest and stomach. But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes. Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options. Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin. Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin. Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins. The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning. Treatment usually isn't necessary. Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition. Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath. The overlaying skin becomes thin and red. Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma. Lesions have fairly well-defined borders. Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful. As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them. If the sores do break open, see your doctor. Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight. It can also make your finger joints stiff. Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition. Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin. When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels. They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup. That can affect blood supply to your skin. When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin. Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured. Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood. When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen. Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy. These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks. They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs. To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood. The bumps usually go away over several weeks. You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs). Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters. These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms. They're usually painless and they heal on their own. They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control. Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin. These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too. The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored. Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help. Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back. It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes. The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control. Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.,Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way?Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems.Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common.As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one.Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem.The key is to catch them early.Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection.When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet.Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin.Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes.When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump.Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills.Talk with your doctor.Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections.Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails).A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes.Women are likely to get this in their vaginas.People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth.It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis."Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes.It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed.Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections.Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use.Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes.It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds.It looks like a small wart.Skin becomes tan or brown.It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety.It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin.Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange.This condition usually affects people who are very overweight.It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance.While there's no cure, losing weight may help.Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color.It's more common with type 1 diabetes.With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed.Patches of skin look discolored.They often appear on the chest and stomach.But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes.Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options.Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin.Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin.Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins.The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning.Treatment usually isn't necessary.Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition.Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath.The overlaying skin becomes thin and red.Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma.Lesions have fairly well-defined borders.Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful.As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them.If the sores do break open, see your doctor.Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight.It can also make your finger joints stiff.Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition.Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin.When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels.They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup.That can affect blood supply to your skin.When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin.Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured.Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood.When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen.Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy.These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks.They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs.To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood.The bumps usually go away over several weeks.You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs).Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters.These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms.They're usually painless and they heal on their own.They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy.For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control.Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin.These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too.The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored.Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help.Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back.It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes.The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control.Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.

<human>: How can you develop disseminated granuloma annulare if you have diabetes? <bot>: Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin. These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too. The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored. Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help.,context:Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way? Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems. Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common. As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one. Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem. The key is to catch them early. Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection. When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet. Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin. Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes. When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump. Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills. Talk with your doctor. Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections. Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails). A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes. Women are likely to get this in their vaginas. People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth. It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis." Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes. It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed. Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections. Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use. Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes. It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds. It looks like a small wart. Skin becomes tan or brown. It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety. It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin. Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange. This condition usually affects people who are very overweight. It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance. While there's no cure, losing weight may help. Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color. It's more common with type 1 diabetes. With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed. Patches of skin look discolored. They often appear on the chest and stomach. But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes. Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options. Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin. Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin. Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins. The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning. Treatment usually isn't necessary. Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition. Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath. The overlaying skin becomes thin and red. Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma. Lesions have fairly well-defined borders. Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful. As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them. If the sores do break open, see your doctor. Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight. It can also make your finger joints stiff. Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition. Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin. When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels. They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup. That can affect blood supply to your skin. When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin. Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured. Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood. When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen. Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy. These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks. They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs. To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood. The bumps usually go away over several weeks. You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs). Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters. These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms. They're usually painless and they heal on their own. They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control. Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin. These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too. The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored. Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help. Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back. It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes. The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control. Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.,Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way?Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems.Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common.As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one.Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem.The key is to catch them early.Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection.When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet.Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin.Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes.When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump.Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills.Talk with your doctor.Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections.Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails).A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes.Women are likely to get this in their vaginas.People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth.It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis."Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes.It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed.Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections.Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use.Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes.It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds.It looks like a small wart.Skin becomes tan or brown.It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety.It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin.Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange.This condition usually affects people who are very overweight.It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance.While there's no cure, losing weight may help.Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color.It's more common with type 1 diabetes.With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed.Patches of skin look discolored.They often appear on the chest and stomach.But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes.Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options.Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin.Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin.Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins.The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning.Treatment usually isn't necessary.Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition.Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath.The overlaying skin becomes thin and red.Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma.Lesions have fairly well-defined borders.Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful.As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them.If the sores do break open, see your doctor.Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight.It can also make your finger joints stiff.Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition.Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin.When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels.They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup.That can affect blood supply to your skin.When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin.Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured.Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood.When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen.Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy.These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks.They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs.To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood.The bumps usually go away over several weeks.You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs).Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters.These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms.They're usually painless and they heal on their own.They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy.For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control.Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin.These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too.The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored.Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help.Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back.It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes.The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control.Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.

<human>: How do shin spots (diabetic dermopathy) develop in diabetics? <bot>: Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin. Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins. The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning. Treatment usually isn't necessary.,context:Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way? Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems. Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common. As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one. Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem. The key is to catch them early. Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection. When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet. Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin. Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes. When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump. Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills. Talk with your doctor. Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections. Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails). A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes. Women are likely to get this in their vaginas. People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth. It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis." Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes. It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed. Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections. Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use. Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes. It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds. It looks like a small wart. Skin becomes tan or brown. It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety. It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin. Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange. This condition usually affects people who are very overweight. It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance. While there's no cure, losing weight may help. Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color. It's more common with type 1 diabetes. With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed. Patches of skin look discolored. They often appear on the chest and stomach. But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes. Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options. Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin. Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin. Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins. The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning. Treatment usually isn't necessary. Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition. Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath. The overlaying skin becomes thin and red. Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma. Lesions have fairly well-defined borders. Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful. As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them. If the sores do break open, see your doctor. Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight. It can also make your finger joints stiff. Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition. Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin. When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels. They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup. That can affect blood supply to your skin. When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin. Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured. Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood. When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen. Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy. These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks. They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs. To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood. The bumps usually go away over several weeks. You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs). Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters. These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms. They're usually painless and they heal on their own. They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control. Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin. These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too. The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored. Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help. Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back. It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes. The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control. Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.,Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way?Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems.Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common.As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one.Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem.The key is to catch them early.Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection.When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet.Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin.Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes.When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump.Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills.Talk with your doctor.Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections.Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails).A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes.Women are likely to get this in their vaginas.People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth.It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis."Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes.It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed.Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections.Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use.Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes.It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds.It looks like a small wart.Skin becomes tan or brown.It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety.It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin.Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange.This condition usually affects people who are very overweight.It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance.While there's no cure, losing weight may help.Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color.It's more common with type 1 diabetes.With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed.Patches of skin look discolored.They often appear on the chest and stomach.But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes.Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options.Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin.Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin.Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins.The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning.Treatment usually isn't necessary.Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition.Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath.The overlaying skin becomes thin and red.Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma.Lesions have fairly well-defined borders.Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful.As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them.If the sores do break open, see your doctor.Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight.It can also make your finger joints stiff.Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition.Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin.When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels.They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup.That can affect blood supply to your skin.When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin.Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured.Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood.When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen.Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy.These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks.They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs.To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood.The bumps usually go away over several weeks.You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs).Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters.These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms.They're usually painless and they heal on their own.They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy.For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control.Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin.These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too.The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored.Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help.Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back.It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes.The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control.Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.

<human>: What is necrobiosis lipoidica and how is it related to diabetes? <bot>: Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition. Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath. The overlaying skin becomes thin and red. Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma. Lesions have fairly well-defined borders. Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful. As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them. If the sores do break open, see your doctor.,context:Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way? Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems. Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common. As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one. Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem. The key is to catch them early. Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection. When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet. Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin. Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes. When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump. Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills. Talk with your doctor. Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections. Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails). A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes. Women are likely to get this in their vaginas. People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth. It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis." Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes. It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed. Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections. Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use. Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes. It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds. It looks like a small wart. Skin becomes tan or brown. It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety. It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin. Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange. This condition usually affects people who are very overweight. It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance. While there's no cure, losing weight may help. Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color. It's more common with type 1 diabetes. With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed. Patches of skin look discolored. They often appear on the chest and stomach. But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes. Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options. Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin. Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin. Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins. The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning. Treatment usually isn't necessary. Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition. Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath. The overlaying skin becomes thin and red. Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma. Lesions have fairly well-defined borders. Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful. As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them. If the sores do break open, see your doctor. Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight. It can also make your finger joints stiff. Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition. Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin. When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels. They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup. That can affect blood supply to your skin. When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin. Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured. Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood. When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen. Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy. These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks. They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs. To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood. The bumps usually go away over several weeks. You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs). Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters. These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms. They're usually painless and they heal on their own. They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control. Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin. These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too. The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored. Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help. Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back. It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes. The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control. Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.,Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way?Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems.Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common.As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one.Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem.The key is to catch them early.Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection.When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet.Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin.Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes.When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump.Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills.Talk with your doctor.Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections.Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails).A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes.Women are likely to get this in their vaginas.People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth.It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis."Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes.It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed.Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections.Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use.Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes.It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds.It looks like a small wart.Skin becomes tan or brown.It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety.It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin.Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange.This condition usually affects people who are very overweight.It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance.While there's no cure, losing weight may help.Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color.It's more common with type 1 diabetes.With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed.Patches of skin look discolored.They often appear on the chest and stomach.But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes.Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options.Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin.Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin.Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins.The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning.Treatment usually isn't necessary.Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition.Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath.The overlaying skin becomes thin and red.Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma.Lesions have fairly well-defined borders.Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful.As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them.If the sores do break open, see your doctor.Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight.It can also make your finger joints stiff.Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition.Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin.When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels.They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup.That can affect blood supply to your skin.When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin.Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured.Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood.When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen.Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy.These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks.They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs.To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood.The bumps usually go away over several weeks.You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs).Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters.These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms.They're usually painless and they heal on their own.They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy.For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control.Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin.These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too.The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored.Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help.Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back.It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes.The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control.Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.

<human>: How can you develop digital sclerosis if you have diabetes? <bot>: Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight. It can also make your finger joints stiff. Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition. Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin.,context:Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way? Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems. Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common. As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one. Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem. The key is to catch them early. Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection. When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet. Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin. Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes. When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump. Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills. Talk with your doctor. Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections. Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails). A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes. Women are likely to get this in their vaginas. People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth. It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis." Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes. It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed. Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections. Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use. Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes. It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds. It looks like a small wart. Skin becomes tan or brown. It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety. It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin. Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange. This condition usually affects people who are very overweight. It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance. While there's no cure, losing weight may help. Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color. It's more common with type 1 diabetes. With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed. Patches of skin look discolored. They often appear on the chest and stomach. But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes. Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options. Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin. Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin. Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins. The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning. Treatment usually isn't necessary. Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition. Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath. The overlaying skin becomes thin and red. Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma. Lesions have fairly well-defined borders. Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful. As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them. If the sores do break open, see your doctor. Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight. It can also make your finger joints stiff. Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition. Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin. When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels. They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup. That can affect blood supply to your skin. When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin. Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured. Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood. When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen. Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy. These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks. They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs. To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood. The bumps usually go away over several weeks. You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs). Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters. These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms. They're usually painless and they heal on their own. They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control. Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin. These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too. The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored. Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help. Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back. It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes. The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control. Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.,Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way?Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems.Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common.As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one.Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem.The key is to catch them early.Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection.When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet.Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin.Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes.When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump.Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills.Talk with your doctor.Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections.Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails).A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes.Women are likely to get this in their vaginas.People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth.It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis."Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes.It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed.Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections.Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use.Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes.It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds.It looks like a small wart.Skin becomes tan or brown.It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety.It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin.Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange.This condition usually affects people who are very overweight.It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance.While there's no cure, losing weight may help.Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color.It's more common with type 1 diabetes.With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed.Patches of skin look discolored.They often appear on the chest and stomach.But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes.Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options.Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin.Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin.Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins.The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning.Treatment usually isn't necessary.Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition.Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath.The overlaying skin becomes thin and red.Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma.Lesions have fairly well-defined borders.Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful.As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them.If the sores do break open, see your doctor.Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight.It can also make your finger joints stiff.Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition.Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin.When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels.They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup.That can affect blood supply to your skin.When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin.Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured.Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood.When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen.Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy.These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks.They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs.To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood.The bumps usually go away over several weeks.You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs).Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters.These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms.They're usually painless and they heal on their own.They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy.For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control.Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin.These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too.The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored.Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help.Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back.It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes.The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control.Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.

<human>: How can you develop scleredema diabeticorum if you have diabetes? <bot>: Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back. It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes. The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control. Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.,context:Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way? Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems. Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common. As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one. Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem. The key is to catch them early. Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection. When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet. Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin. Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes. When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump. Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills. Talk with your doctor. Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections. Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails). A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes. Women are likely to get this in their vaginas. People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth. It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis." Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes. It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed. Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections. Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use. Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes. It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds. It looks like a small wart. Skin becomes tan or brown. It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety. It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin. Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange. This condition usually affects people who are very overweight. It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance. While there's no cure, losing weight may help. Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color. It's more common with type 1 diabetes. With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed. Patches of skin look discolored. They often appear on the chest and stomach. But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes. Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options. Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin. Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin. Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins. The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning. Treatment usually isn't necessary. Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition. Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath. The overlaying skin becomes thin and red. Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma. Lesions have fairly well-defined borders. Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful. As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them. If the sores do break open, see your doctor. Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight. It can also make your finger joints stiff. Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition. Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin. When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels. They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup. That can affect blood supply to your skin. When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin. Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured. Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood. When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen. Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy. These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks. They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs. To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood. The bumps usually go away over several weeks. You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs). Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters. These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms. They're usually painless and they heal on their own. They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control. Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin. These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too. The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored. Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help. Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back. It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes. The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control. Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.,Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way?Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems.Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common.As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one.Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem.The key is to catch them early.Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection.When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet.Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin.Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes.When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump.Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills.Talk with your doctor.Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections.Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails).A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes.Women are likely to get this in their vaginas.People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth.It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis."Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes.It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed.Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections.Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use.Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes.It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds.It looks like a small wart.Skin becomes tan or brown.It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety.It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin.Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange.This condition usually affects people who are very overweight.It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance.While there's no cure, losing weight may help.Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color.It's more common with type 1 diabetes.With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed.Patches of skin look discolored.They often appear on the chest and stomach.But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes.Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options.Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin.Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin.Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins.The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning.Treatment usually isn't necessary.Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition.Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath.The overlaying skin becomes thin and red.Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma.Lesions have fairly well-defined borders.Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful.As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them.If the sores do break open, see your doctor.Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight.It can also make your finger joints stiff.Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition.Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin.When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels.They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup.That can affect blood supply to your skin.When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin.Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured.Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood.When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen.Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy.These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks.They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs.To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood.The bumps usually go away over several weeks.You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs).Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters.These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms.They're usually painless and they heal on their own.They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy.For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control.Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin.These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too.The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored.Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help.Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back.It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes.The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control.Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.

<human>: How can you develop eruptive xanthomatosis if you have diabetes? <bot>: Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood. When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen. Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy. These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks. They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs. To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood. The bumps usually go away over several weeks. You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs).,context:Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way? Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems. Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common. As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one. Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem. The key is to catch them early. Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection. When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet. Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin. Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes. When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump. Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills. Talk with your doctor. Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections. Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails). A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes. Women are likely to get this in their vaginas. People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth. It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis." Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes. It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed. Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections. Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use. Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes. It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds. It looks like a small wart. Skin becomes tan or brown. It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety. It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin. Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange. This condition usually affects people who are very overweight. It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance. While there's no cure, losing weight may help. Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color. It's more common with type 1 diabetes. With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed. Patches of skin look discolored. They often appear on the chest and stomach. But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes. Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options. Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin. Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin. Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins. The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning. Treatment usually isn't necessary. Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition. Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath. The overlaying skin becomes thin and red. Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma. Lesions have fairly well-defined borders. Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful. As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them. If the sores do break open, see your doctor. Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight. It can also make your finger joints stiff. Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition. Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin. When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels. They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup. That can affect blood supply to your skin. When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin. Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured. Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood. When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen. Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy. These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks. They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs. To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood. The bumps usually go away over several weeks. You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs). Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters. These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms. They're usually painless and they heal on their own. They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control. Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin. These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too. The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored. Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help. Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back. It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes. The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control. Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.,Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way?Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems.Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common.As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one.Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem.The key is to catch them early.Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection.When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet.Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin.Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes.When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump.Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills.Talk with your doctor.Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections.Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails).A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes.Women are likely to get this in their vaginas.People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth.It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis."Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes.It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed.Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections.Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use.Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes.It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds.It looks like a small wart.Skin becomes tan or brown.It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety.It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin.Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange.This condition usually affects people who are very overweight.It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance.While there's no cure, losing weight may help.Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color.It's more common with type 1 diabetes.With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed.Patches of skin look discolored.They often appear on the chest and stomach.But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes.Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options.Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin.Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin.Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins.The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning.Treatment usually isn't necessary.Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition.Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath.The overlaying skin becomes thin and red.Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma.Lesions have fairly well-defined borders.Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful.As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them.If the sores do break open, see your doctor.Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight.It can also make your finger joints stiff.Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition.Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin.When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels.They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup.That can affect blood supply to your skin.When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin.Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured.Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood.When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen.Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy.These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks.They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs.To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood.The bumps usually go away over several weeks.You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs).Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters.These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms.They're usually painless and they heal on their own.They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy.For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control.Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin.These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too.The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored.Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help.Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back.It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes.The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control.Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.

<human>: How do fungal infections occur in diabetics? <bot>: Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections. Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails).,context:Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way? Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems. Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common. As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one. Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem. The key is to catch them early. Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection. When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet. Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin. Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes. When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump. Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills. Talk with your doctor. Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections. Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails). A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes. Women are likely to get this in their vaginas. People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth. It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis." Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes. It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed. Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections. Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use. Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes. It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds. It looks like a small wart. Skin becomes tan or brown. It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety. It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin. Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange. This condition usually affects people who are very overweight. It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance. While there's no cure, losing weight may help. Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color. It's more common with type 1 diabetes. With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed. Patches of skin look discolored. They often appear on the chest and stomach. But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes. Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options. Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin. Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin. Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins. The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning. Treatment usually isn't necessary. Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition. Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath. The overlaying skin becomes thin and red. Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma. Lesions have fairly well-defined borders. Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful. As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them. If the sores do break open, see your doctor. Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight. It can also make your finger joints stiff. Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition. Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin. When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels. They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup. That can affect blood supply to your skin. When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin. Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured. Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood. When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen. Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy. These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks. They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs. To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood. The bumps usually go away over several weeks. You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs). Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters. These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms. They're usually painless and they heal on their own. They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control. Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin. These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too. The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored. Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help. Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back. It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes. The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control. Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.,Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way?Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems.Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common.As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one.Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem.The key is to catch them early.Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection.When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet.Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin.Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes.When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump.Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills.Talk with your doctor.Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections.Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails).A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes.Women are likely to get this in their vaginas.People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth.It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis."Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes.It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed.Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections.Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use.Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes.It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds.It looks like a small wart.Skin becomes tan or brown.It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety.It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin.Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange.This condition usually affects people who are very overweight.It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance.While there's no cure, losing weight may help.Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color.It's more common with type 1 diabetes.With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed.Patches of skin look discolored.They often appear on the chest and stomach.But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes.Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options.Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin.Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin.Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins.The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning.Treatment usually isn't necessary.Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition.Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath.The overlaying skin becomes thin and red.Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma.Lesions have fairly well-defined borders.Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful.As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them.If the sores do break open, see your doctor.Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight.It can also make your finger joints stiff.Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition.Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin.When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels.They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup.That can affect blood supply to your skin.When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin.Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured.Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood.When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen.Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy.These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks.They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs.To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood.The bumps usually go away over several weeks.You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs).Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters.These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms.They're usually painless and they heal on their own.They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy.For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control.Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin.These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too.The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored.Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help.Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back.It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes.The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control.Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.

<human>: What is disseminated granuloma annulare and is it related to diabetes? <bot>: Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin. These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too. The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored. Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help.,context:Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way? Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems. Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common. As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one. Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem. The key is to catch them early. Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection. When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet. Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin. Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes. When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump. Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills. Talk with your doctor. Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections. Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails). A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes. Women are likely to get this in their vaginas. People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth. It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis." Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes. It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed. Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections. Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use. Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes. It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds. It looks like a small wart. Skin becomes tan or brown. It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety. It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin. Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange. This condition usually affects people who are very overweight. It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance. While there's no cure, losing weight may help. Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color. It's more common with type 1 diabetes. With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed. Patches of skin look discolored. They often appear on the chest and stomach. But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes. Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options. Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin. Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin. Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins. The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning. Treatment usually isn't necessary. Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition. Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath. The overlaying skin becomes thin and red. Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma. Lesions have fairly well-defined borders. Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful. As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them. If the sores do break open, see your doctor. Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight. It can also make your finger joints stiff. Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition. Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin. When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels. They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup. That can affect blood supply to your skin. When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin. Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured. Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood. When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen. Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy. These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks. They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs. To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood. The bumps usually go away over several weeks. You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs). Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters. These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms. They're usually painless and they heal on their own. They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control. Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin. These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too. The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored. Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help. Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back. It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes. The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control. Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.,Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way?Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems.Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common.As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one.Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem.The key is to catch them early.Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection.When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet.Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin.Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes.When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump.Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills.Talk with your doctor.Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections.Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails).A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes.Women are likely to get this in their vaginas.People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth.It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis."Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes.It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed.Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections.Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use.Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes.It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds.It looks like a small wart.Skin becomes tan or brown.It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety.It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin.Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange.This condition usually affects people who are very overweight.It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance.While there's no cure, losing weight may help.Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color.It's more common with type 1 diabetes.With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed.Patches of skin look discolored.They often appear on the chest and stomach.But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes.Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options.Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin.Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin.Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins.The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning.Treatment usually isn't necessary.Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition.Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath.The overlaying skin becomes thin and red.Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma.Lesions have fairly well-defined borders.Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful.As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them.If the sores do break open, see your doctor.Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight.It can also make your finger joints stiff.Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition.Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin.When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels.They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup.That can affect blood supply to your skin.When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin.Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured.Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood.When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen.Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy.These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks.They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs.To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood.The bumps usually go away over several weeks.You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs).Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters.These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms.They're usually painless and they heal on their own.They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy.For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control.Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin.These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too.The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored.Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help.Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back.It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes.The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control.Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.

<human>: What are diabetes-related shin spots? <bot>: Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin. Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins. The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning. Treatment usually isn't necessary.,context:Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way? Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems. Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common. As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one. Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem. The key is to catch them early. Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection. When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet. Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin. Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes. When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump. Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills. Talk with your doctor. Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections. Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails). A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes. Women are likely to get this in their vaginas. People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth. It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis." Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes. It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed. Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections. Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use. Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes. It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds. It looks like a small wart. Skin becomes tan or brown. It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety. It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin. Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange. This condition usually affects people who are very overweight. It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance. While there's no cure, losing weight may help. Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color. It's more common with type 1 diabetes. With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed. Patches of skin look discolored. They often appear on the chest and stomach. But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes. Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options. Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin. Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin. Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins. The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning. Treatment usually isn't necessary. Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition. Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath. The overlaying skin becomes thin and red. Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma. Lesions have fairly well-defined borders. Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful. As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them. If the sores do break open, see your doctor. Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight. It can also make your finger joints stiff. Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition. Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin. When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels. They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup. That can affect blood supply to your skin. When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin. Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured. Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood. When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen. Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy. These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks. They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs. To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood. The bumps usually go away over several weeks. You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs). Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters. These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms. They're usually painless and they heal on their own. They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control. Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin. These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too. The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored. Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help. Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back. It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes. The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control. Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.,Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way?Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems.Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common.As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one.Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem.The key is to catch them early.Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection.When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet.Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin.Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes.When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump.Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills.Talk with your doctor.Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections.Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails).A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes.Women are likely to get this in their vaginas.People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth.It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis."Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes.It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed.Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections.Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use.Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes.It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds.It looks like a small wart.Skin becomes tan or brown.It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety.It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin.Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange.This condition usually affects people who are very overweight.It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance.While there's no cure, losing weight may help.Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color.It's more common with type 1 diabetes.With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed.Patches of skin look discolored.They often appear on the chest and stomach.But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes.Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options.Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin.Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin.Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins.The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning.Treatment usually isn't necessary.Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition.Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath.The overlaying skin becomes thin and red.Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma.Lesions have fairly well-defined borders.Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful.As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them.If the sores do break open, see your doctor.Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight.It can also make your finger joints stiff.Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition.Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin.When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels.They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup.That can affect blood supply to your skin.When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin.Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured.Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood.When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen.Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy.These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks.They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs.To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood.The bumps usually go away over several weeks.You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs).Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters.These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms.They're usually painless and they heal on their own.They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy.For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control.Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin.These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too.The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored.Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help.Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back.It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes.The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control.Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.

<human>: What is eruptive xanthomatosis and how is it related to diabetes? <bot>: Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood. When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen. Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy. These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks. They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs. To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood. The bumps usually go away over several weeks. You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs).,context:Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way? Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems. Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common. As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one. Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem. The key is to catch them early. Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection. When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet. Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin. Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes. When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump. Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills. Talk with your doctor. Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections. Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails). A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes. Women are likely to get this in their vaginas. People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth. It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis." Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes. It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed. Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections. Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use. Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes. It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds. It looks like a small wart. Skin becomes tan or brown. It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety. It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin. Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange. This condition usually affects people who are very overweight. It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance. While there's no cure, losing weight may help. Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color. It's more common with type 1 diabetes. With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed. Patches of skin look discolored. They often appear on the chest and stomach. But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes. Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options. Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin. Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin. Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins. The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning. Treatment usually isn't necessary. Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition. Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath. The overlaying skin becomes thin and red. Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma. Lesions have fairly well-defined borders. Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful. As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them. If the sores do break open, see your doctor. Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight. It can also make your finger joints stiff. Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition. Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin. When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels. They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup. That can affect blood supply to your skin. When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin. Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured. Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood. When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen. Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy. These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks. They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs. To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood. The bumps usually go away over several weeks. You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs). Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters. These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms. They're usually painless and they heal on their own. They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control. Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin. These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too. The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored. Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help. Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back. It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes. The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control. Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.,Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way?Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems.Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common.As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one.Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem.The key is to catch them early.Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection.When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet.Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin.Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes.When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump.Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills.Talk with your doctor.Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections.Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails).A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes.Women are likely to get this in their vaginas.People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth.It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis."Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes.It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed.Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections.Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use.Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes.It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds.It looks like a small wart.Skin becomes tan or brown.It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety.It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin.Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange.This condition usually affects people who are very overweight.It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance.While there's no cure, losing weight may help.Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color.It's more common with type 1 diabetes.With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed.Patches of skin look discolored.They often appear on the chest and stomach.But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes.Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options.Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin.Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin.Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins.The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning.Treatment usually isn't necessary.Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition.Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath.The overlaying skin becomes thin and red.Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma.Lesions have fairly well-defined borders.Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful.As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them.If the sores do break open, see your doctor.Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight.It can also make your finger joints stiff.Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition.Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin.When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels.They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup.That can affect blood supply to your skin.When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin.Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured.Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood.When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen.Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy.These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks.They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs.To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood.The bumps usually go away over several weeks.You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs).Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters.These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms.They're usually painless and they heal on their own.They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy.For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control.Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin.These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too.The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored.Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help.Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back.It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes.The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control.Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.

<human>: What are diabetes-related blisters? <bot>: Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters. These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms. They're usually painless and they heal on their own. They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control.,context:Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way? Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems. Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common. As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one. Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem. The key is to catch them early. Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection. When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet. Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin. Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes. When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump. Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills. Talk with your doctor. Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections. Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails). A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes. Women are likely to get this in their vaginas. People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth. It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis." Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes. It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed. Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections. Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use. Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes. It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds. It looks like a small wart. Skin becomes tan or brown. It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety. It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin. Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange. This condition usually affects people who are very overweight. It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance. While there's no cure, losing weight may help. Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color. It's more common with type 1 diabetes. With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed. Patches of skin look discolored. They often appear on the chest and stomach. But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes. Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options. Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin. Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin. Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins. The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning. Treatment usually isn't necessary. Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition. Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath. The overlaying skin becomes thin and red. Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma. Lesions have fairly well-defined borders. Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful. As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them. If the sores do break open, see your doctor. Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight. It can also make your finger joints stiff. Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition. Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin. When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels. They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup. That can affect blood supply to your skin. When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin. Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured. Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood. When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen. Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy. These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks. They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs. To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood. The bumps usually go away over several weeks. You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs). Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters. These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms. They're usually painless and they heal on their own. They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control. Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin. These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too. The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored. Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help. Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back. It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes. The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control. Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.,Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way?Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems.Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common.As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one.Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem.The key is to catch them early.Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection.When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet.Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin.Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes.When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump.Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills.Talk with your doctor.Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections.Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails).A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes.Women are likely to get this in their vaginas.People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth.It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis."Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes.It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed.Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections.Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use.Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes.It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds.It looks like a small wart.Skin becomes tan or brown.It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety.It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin.Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange.This condition usually affects people who are very overweight.It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance.While there's no cure, losing weight may help.Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color.It's more common with type 1 diabetes.With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed.Patches of skin look discolored.They often appear on the chest and stomach.But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes.Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options.Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin.Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin.Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins.The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning.Treatment usually isn't necessary.Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition.Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath.The overlaying skin becomes thin and red.Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma.Lesions have fairly well-defined borders.Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful.As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them.If the sores do break open, see your doctor.Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight.It can also make your finger joints stiff.Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition.Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin.When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels.They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup.That can affect blood supply to your skin.When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin.Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured.Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood.When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen.Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy.These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks.They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs.To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood.The bumps usually go away over several weeks.You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs).Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters.These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms.They're usually painless and they heal on their own.They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy.For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control.Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin.These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too.The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored.Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help.Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back.It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes.The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control.Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.

<human>: How common are diabetes-related skin problems? <bot>: Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems. Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common. As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one. Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem. The key is to catch them early.,context:Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way? Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems. Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common. As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one. Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem. The key is to catch them early. Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection. When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet. Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin. Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes. When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump. Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills. Talk with your doctor. Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections. Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails). A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes. Women are likely to get this in their vaginas. People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth. It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis." Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes. It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed. Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections. Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use. Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes. It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds. It looks like a small wart. Skin becomes tan or brown. It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety. It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin. Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange. This condition usually affects people who are very overweight. It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance. While there's no cure, losing weight may help. Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color. It's more common with type 1 diabetes. With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed. Patches of skin look discolored. They often appear on the chest and stomach. But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes. Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options. Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin. Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin. Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins. The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning. Treatment usually isn't necessary. Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition. Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath. The overlaying skin becomes thin and red. Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma. Lesions have fairly well-defined borders. Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful. As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them. If the sores do break open, see your doctor. Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight. It can also make your finger joints stiff. Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition. Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin. When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels. They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup. That can affect blood supply to your skin. When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin. Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured. Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood. When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen. Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy. These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks. They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs. To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood. The bumps usually go away over several weeks. You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs). Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters. These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms. They're usually painless and they heal on their own. They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control. Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin. These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too. The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored. Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help. Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back. It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes. The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control. Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.,Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way?Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems.Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common.As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one.Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem.The key is to catch them early.Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection.When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet.Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin.Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes.When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump.Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills.Talk with your doctor.Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections.Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails).A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes.Women are likely to get this in their vaginas.People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth.It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis."Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes.It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed.Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections.Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use.Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes.It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds.It looks like a small wart.Skin becomes tan or brown.It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety.It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin.Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange.This condition usually affects people who are very overweight.It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance.While there's no cure, losing weight may help.Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color.It's more common with type 1 diabetes.With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed.Patches of skin look discolored.They often appear on the chest and stomach.But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes.Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options.Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin.Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin.Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins.The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning.Treatment usually isn't necessary.Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition.Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath.The overlaying skin becomes thin and red.Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma.Lesions have fairly well-defined borders.Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful.As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them.If the sores do break open, see your doctor.Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight.It can also make your finger joints stiff.Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition.Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin.When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels.They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup.That can affect blood supply to your skin.When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin.Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured.Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood.When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen.Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy.These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks.They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs.To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood.The bumps usually go away over several weeks.You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs).Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters.These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms.They're usually painless and they heal on their own.They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy.For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control.Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin.These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too.The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored.Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help.Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back.It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes.The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control.Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.

<human>: What bacterial infections are commonly associated with diabetes? <bot>: Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes. When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump. Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills.,context:Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way? Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems. Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common. As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one. Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem. The key is to catch them early. Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection. When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet. Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin. Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes. When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump. Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills. Talk with your doctor. Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections. Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails). A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes. Women are likely to get this in their vaginas. People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth. It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis." Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes. It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed. Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections. Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use. Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes. It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds. It looks like a small wart. Skin becomes tan or brown. It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety. It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin. Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange. This condition usually affects people who are very overweight. It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance. While there's no cure, losing weight may help. Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color. It's more common with type 1 diabetes. With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed. Patches of skin look discolored. They often appear on the chest and stomach. But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes. Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options. Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin. Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin. Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins. The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning. Treatment usually isn't necessary. Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition. Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath. The overlaying skin becomes thin and red. Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma. Lesions have fairly well-defined borders. Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful. As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them. If the sores do break open, see your doctor. Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight. It can also make your finger joints stiff. Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition. Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin. When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels. They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup. That can affect blood supply to your skin. When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin. Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured. Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood. When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen. Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy. These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks. They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs. To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood. The bumps usually go away over several weeks. You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs). Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters. These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms. They're usually painless and they heal on their own. They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control. Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin. These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too. The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored. Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help. Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back. It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes. The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control. Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.,Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way?Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems.Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common.As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one.Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem.The key is to catch them early.Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection.When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet.Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin.Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes.When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump.Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills.Talk with your doctor.Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections.Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails).A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes.Women are likely to get this in their vaginas.People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth.It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis."Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes.It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed.Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections.Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use.Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes.It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds.It looks like a small wart.Skin becomes tan or brown.It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety.It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin.Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange.This condition usually affects people who are very overweight.It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance.While there's no cure, losing weight may help.Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color.It's more common with type 1 diabetes.With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed.Patches of skin look discolored.They often appear on the chest and stomach.But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes.Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options.Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin.Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin.Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins.The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning.Treatment usually isn't necessary.Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition.Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath.The overlaying skin becomes thin and red.Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma.Lesions have fairly well-defined borders.Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful.As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them.If the sores do break open, see your doctor.Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight.It can also make your finger joints stiff.Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition.Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin.When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels.They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup.That can affect blood supply to your skin.When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin.Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured.Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood.When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen.Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy.These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks.They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs.To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood.The bumps usually go away over several weeks.You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs).Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters.These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms.They're usually painless and they heal on their own.They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy.For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control.Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin.These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too.The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored.Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help.Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back.It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes.The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control.Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.

<human>: How can you develop diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum)? <bot>: Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters. These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms. They're usually painless and they heal on their own. They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control.,context:Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way? Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems. Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common. As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one. Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem. The key is to catch them early. Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection. When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet. Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin. Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes. When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump. Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills. Talk with your doctor. Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections. Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails). A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes. Women are likely to get this in their vaginas. People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth. It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis." Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes. It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed. Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections. Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use. Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes. It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds. It looks like a small wart. Skin becomes tan or brown. It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety. It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin. Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange. This condition usually affects people who are very overweight. It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance. While there's no cure, losing weight may help. Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color. It's more common with type 1 diabetes. With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed. Patches of skin look discolored. They often appear on the chest and stomach. But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes. Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options. Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin. Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin. Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins. The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning. Treatment usually isn't necessary. Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition. Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath. The overlaying skin becomes thin and red. Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma. Lesions have fairly well-defined borders. Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful. As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them. If the sores do break open, see your doctor. Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight. It can also make your finger joints stiff. Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition. Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin. When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels. They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup. That can affect blood supply to your skin. When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin. Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured. Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood. When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen. Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy. These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks. They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs. To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood. The bumps usually go away over several weeks. You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs). Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters. These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms. They're usually painless and they heal on their own. They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control. Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin. These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too. The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored. Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help. Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back. It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes. The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control. Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.,Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way?Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems.Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common.As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one.Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem.The key is to catch them early.Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection.When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet.Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin.Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes.When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump.Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills.Talk with your doctor.Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections.Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails).A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes.Women are likely to get this in their vaginas.People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth.It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis."Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes.It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed.Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections.Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use.Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes.It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds.It looks like a small wart.Skin becomes tan or brown.It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety.It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin.Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange.This condition usually affects people who are very overweight.It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance.While there's no cure, losing weight may help.Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color.It's more common with type 1 diabetes.With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed.Patches of skin look discolored.They often appear on the chest and stomach.But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes.Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options.Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin.Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin.Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins.The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning.Treatment usually isn't necessary.Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition.Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath.The overlaying skin becomes thin and red.Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma.Lesions have fairly well-defined borders.Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful.As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them.If the sores do break open, see your doctor.Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight.It can also make your finger joints stiff.Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition.Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin.When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels.They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup.That can affect blood supply to your skin.When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin.Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured.Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood.When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen.Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy.These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks.They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs.To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood.The bumps usually go away over several weeks.You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs).Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters.These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms.They're usually painless and they heal on their own.They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy.For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control.Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin.These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too.The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored.Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help.Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back.It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes.The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control.Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.

<human>: How can you develop necrobiosis lipoidica if you have diabetes? <bot>: Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition. Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath. The overlaying skin becomes thin and red. Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma. Lesions have fairly well-defined borders. Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful. As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them. If the sores do break open, see your doctor.,context:Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way? Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems. Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common. As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one. Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem. The key is to catch them early. Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection. When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet. Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin. Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes. When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump. Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills. Talk with your doctor. Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections. Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails). A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes. Women are likely to get this in their vaginas. People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth. It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis." Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes. It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed. Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections. Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use. Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes. It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds. It looks like a small wart. Skin becomes tan or brown. It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety. It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin. Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange. This condition usually affects people who are very overweight. It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance. While there's no cure, losing weight may help. Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color. It's more common with type 1 diabetes. With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed. Patches of skin look discolored. They often appear on the chest and stomach. But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes. Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options. Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin. Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin. Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins. The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning. Treatment usually isn't necessary. Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition. Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath. The overlaying skin becomes thin and red. Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma. Lesions have fairly well-defined borders. Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful. As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them. If the sores do break open, see your doctor. Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight. It can also make your finger joints stiff. Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition. Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin. When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels. They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup. That can affect blood supply to your skin. When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin. Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured. Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood. When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen. Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy. These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks. They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs. To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood. The bumps usually go away over several weeks. You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs). Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters. These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms. They're usually painless and they heal on their own. They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control. Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin. These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too. The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored. Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help. Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back. It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes. The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control. Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.,Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way?Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems.Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common.As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one.Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem.The key is to catch them early.Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection.When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet.Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin.Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes.When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump.Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills.Talk with your doctor.Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections.Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails).A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes.Women are likely to get this in their vaginas.People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth.It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis."Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes.It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed.Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections.Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use.Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes.It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds.It looks like a small wart.Skin becomes tan or brown.It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety.It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin.Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange.This condition usually affects people who are very overweight.It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance.While there's no cure, losing weight may help.Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color.It's more common with type 1 diabetes.With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed.Patches of skin look discolored.They often appear on the chest and stomach.But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes.Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options.Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin.Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin.Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins.The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning.Treatment usually isn't necessary.Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition.Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath.The overlaying skin becomes thin and red.Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma.Lesions have fairly well-defined borders.Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful.As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them.If the sores do break open, see your doctor.Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight.It can also make your finger joints stiff.Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition.Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin.When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels.They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup.That can affect blood supply to your skin.When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin.Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured.Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood.When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen.Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy.These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks.They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs.To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood.The bumps usually go away over several weeks.You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs).Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters.These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms.They're usually painless and they heal on their own.They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy.For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control.Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin.These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too.The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored.Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help.Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back.It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes.The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control.Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.

<human>: How does vitiligo develop in diabetics? <bot>: Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color. It's more common with type 1 diabetes. With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed. Patches of skin look discolored. They often appear on the chest and stomach. But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes. Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options. Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin.,context:Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way? Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems. Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common. As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one. Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem. The key is to catch them early. Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection. When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet. Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin. Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes. When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump. Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills. Talk with your doctor. Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections. Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails). A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes. Women are likely to get this in their vaginas. People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth. It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis." Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes. It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed. Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections. Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use. Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes. It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds. It looks like a small wart. Skin becomes tan or brown. It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety. It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin. Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange. This condition usually affects people who are very overweight. It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance. While there's no cure, losing weight may help. Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color. It's more common with type 1 diabetes. With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed. Patches of skin look discolored. They often appear on the chest and stomach. But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes. Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options. Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin. Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin. Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins. The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning. Treatment usually isn't necessary. Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition. Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath. The overlaying skin becomes thin and red. Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma. Lesions have fairly well-defined borders. Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful. As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them. If the sores do break open, see your doctor. Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight. It can also make your finger joints stiff. Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition. Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin. When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels. They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup. That can affect blood supply to your skin. When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin. Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured. Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood. When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen. Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy. These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks. They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs. To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood. The bumps usually go away over several weeks. You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs). Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters. These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms. They're usually painless and they heal on their own. They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control. Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin. These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too. The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored. Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help. Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back. It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes. The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control. Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.,Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way?Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems.Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common.As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one.Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem.The key is to catch them early.Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection.When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet.Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin.Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes.When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump.Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills.Talk with your doctor.Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections.Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails).A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes.Women are likely to get this in their vaginas.People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth.It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis."Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes.It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed.Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections.Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use.Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes.It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds.It looks like a small wart.Skin becomes tan or brown.It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety.It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin.Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange.This condition usually affects people who are very overweight.It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance.While there's no cure, losing weight may help.Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color.It's more common with type 1 diabetes.With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed.Patches of skin look discolored.They often appear on the chest and stomach.But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes.Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options.Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin.Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin.Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins.The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning.Treatment usually isn't necessary.Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition.Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath.The overlaying skin becomes thin and red.Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma.Lesions have fairly well-defined borders.Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful.As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them.If the sores do break open, see your doctor.Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight.It can also make your finger joints stiff.Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition.Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin.When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels.They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup.That can affect blood supply to your skin.When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin.Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured.Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood.When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen.Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy.These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks.They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs.To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood.The bumps usually go away over several weeks.You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs).Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters.These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms.They're usually painless and they heal on their own.They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy.For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control.Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin.These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too.The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored.Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help.Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back.It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes.The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control.Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.

<human>: Where do diabetics usually get fungal infections? <bot>: Women are likely to get this in their vaginas. People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth. It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis." Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes. It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed. Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections.,context:Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way? Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems. Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common. As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one. Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem. The key is to catch them early. Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection. When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet. Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin. Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes. When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump. Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills. Talk with your doctor. Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections. Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails). A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes. Women are likely to get this in their vaginas. People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth. It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis." Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes. It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed. Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections. Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use. Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes. It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds. It looks like a small wart. Skin becomes tan or brown. It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety. It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin. Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange. This condition usually affects people who are very overweight. It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance. While there's no cure, losing weight may help. Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color. It's more common with type 1 diabetes. With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed. Patches of skin look discolored. They often appear on the chest and stomach. But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes. Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options. Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin. Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin. Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins. The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning. Treatment usually isn't necessary. Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition. Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath. The overlaying skin becomes thin and red. Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma. Lesions have fairly well-defined borders. Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful. As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them. If the sores do break open, see your doctor. Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight. It can also make your finger joints stiff. Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition. Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin. When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels. They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup. That can affect blood supply to your skin. When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin. Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured. Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood. When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen. Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy. These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks. They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs. To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood. The bumps usually go away over several weeks. You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs). Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters. These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms. They're usually painless and they heal on their own. They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control. Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin. These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too. The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored. Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help. Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back. It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes. The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control. Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.,Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way?Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems.Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common.As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one.Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem.The key is to catch them early.Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection.When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet.Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin.Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes.When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump.Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills.Talk with your doctor.Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections.Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails).A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes.Women are likely to get this in their vaginas.People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth.It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis."Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes.It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed.Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections.Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use.Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes.It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds.It looks like a small wart.Skin becomes tan or brown.It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety.It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin.Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange.This condition usually affects people who are very overweight.It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance.While there's no cure, losing weight may help.Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color.It's more common with type 1 diabetes.With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed.Patches of skin look discolored.They often appear on the chest and stomach.But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes.Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options.Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin.Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin.Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins.The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning.Treatment usually isn't necessary.Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition.Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath.The overlaying skin becomes thin and red.Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma.Lesions have fairly well-defined borders.Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful.As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them.If the sores do break open, see your doctor.Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight.It can also make your finger joints stiff.Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition.Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin.When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels.They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup.That can affect blood supply to your skin.When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin.Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured.Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood.When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen.Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy.These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks.They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs.To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood.The bumps usually go away over several weeks.You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs).Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters.These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms.They're usually painless and they heal on their own.They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy.For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control.Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin.These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too.The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored.Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help.Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back.It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes.The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control.Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.

<human>: Why does diabetes cause itching? <bot>: Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection. When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet. Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin.,context:Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way? Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems. Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common. As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one. Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem. The key is to catch them early. Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection. When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet. Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin. Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes. When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump. Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills. Talk with your doctor. Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections. Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails). A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes. Women are likely to get this in their vaginas. People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth. It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis." Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes. It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed. Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections. Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use. Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes. It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds. It looks like a small wart. Skin becomes tan or brown. It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety. It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin. Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange. This condition usually affects people who are very overweight. It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance. While there's no cure, losing weight may help. Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color. It's more common with type 1 diabetes. With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed. Patches of skin look discolored. They often appear on the chest and stomach. But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes. Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options. Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin. Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin. Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins. The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning. Treatment usually isn't necessary. Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition. Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath. The overlaying skin becomes thin and red. Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma. Lesions have fairly well-defined borders. Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful. As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them. If the sores do break open, see your doctor. Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight. It can also make your finger joints stiff. Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition. Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin. When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels. They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup. That can affect blood supply to your skin. When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin. Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured. Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood. When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen. Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy. These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks. They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs. To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood. The bumps usually go away over several weeks. You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs). Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters. These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms. They're usually painless and they heal on their own. They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control. Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin. These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too. The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored. Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help. Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back. It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes. The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control. Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.,Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way?Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems.Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common.As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one.Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem.The key is to catch them early.Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection.When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet.Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin.Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes.When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump.Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills.Talk with your doctor.Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections.Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails).A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes.Women are likely to get this in their vaginas.People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth.It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis."Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes.It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed.Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections.Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use.Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes.It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds.It looks like a small wart.Skin becomes tan or brown.It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety.It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin.Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange.This condition usually affects people who are very overweight.It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance.While there's no cure, losing weight may help.Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color.It's more common with type 1 diabetes.With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed.Patches of skin look discolored.They often appear on the chest and stomach.But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes.Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options.Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin.Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin.Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins.The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning.Treatment usually isn't necessary.Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition.Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath.The overlaying skin becomes thin and red.Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma.Lesions have fairly well-defined borders.Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful.As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them.If the sores do break open, see your doctor.Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight.It can also make your finger joints stiff.Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition.Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin.When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels.They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup.That can affect blood supply to your skin.When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin.Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured.Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood.When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen.Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy.These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks.They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs.To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood.The bumps usually go away over several weeks.You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs).Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters.These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms.They're usually painless and they heal on their own.They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy.For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control.Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin.These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too.The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored.Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help.Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back.It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes.The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control.Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.

<human>: What is scleredema diabeticorum? <bot>: Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back. It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes. The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control. Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.,context:Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way? Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems. Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common. As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one. Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem. The key is to catch them early. Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection. When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet. Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin. Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes. When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump. Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills. Talk with your doctor. Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections. Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails). A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes. Women are likely to get this in their vaginas. People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth. It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis." Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes. It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed. Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections. Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use. Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes. It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds. It looks like a small wart. Skin becomes tan or brown. It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety. It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin. Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange. This condition usually affects people who are very overweight. It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance. While there's no cure, losing weight may help. Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color. It's more common with type 1 diabetes. With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed. Patches of skin look discolored. They often appear on the chest and stomach. But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes. Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options. Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin. Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin. Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins. The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning. Treatment usually isn't necessary. Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition. Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath. The overlaying skin becomes thin and red. Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma. Lesions have fairly well-defined borders. Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful. As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them. If the sores do break open, see your doctor. Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight. It can also make your finger joints stiff. Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition. Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin. When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels. They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup. That can affect blood supply to your skin. When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin. Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured. Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood. When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen. Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy. These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks. They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs. To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood. The bumps usually go away over several weeks. You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs). Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters. These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms. They're usually painless and they heal on their own. They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control. Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin. These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too. The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored. Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help. Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back. It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes. The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control. Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.,Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way?Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems.Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common.As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one.Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem.The key is to catch them early.Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection.When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet.Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin.Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes.When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump.Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills.Talk with your doctor.Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections.Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails).A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes.Women are likely to get this in their vaginas.People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth.It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis."Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes.It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed.Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections.Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use.Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes.It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds.It looks like a small wart.Skin becomes tan or brown.It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety.It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin.Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange.This condition usually affects people who are very overweight.It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance.While there's no cure, losing weight may help.Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color.It's more common with type 1 diabetes.With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed.Patches of skin look discolored.They often appear on the chest and stomach.But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes.Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options.Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin.Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin.Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins.The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning.Treatment usually isn't necessary.Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition.Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath.The overlaying skin becomes thin and red.Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma.Lesions have fairly well-defined borders.Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful.As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them.If the sores do break open, see your doctor.Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight.It can also make your finger joints stiff.Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition.Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin.When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels.They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup.That can affect blood supply to your skin.When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin.Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured.Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood.When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen.Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy.These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks.They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs.To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood.The bumps usually go away over several weeks.You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs).Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters.These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms.They're usually painless and they heal on their own.They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy.For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control.Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin.These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too.The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored.Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help.Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back.It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes.The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control.Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.

<human>: What is digital sclerosis and how is it related to diabetes? <bot>: Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight. It can also make your finger joints stiff. Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition. Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin.,context:Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way? Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems. Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common. As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one. Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem. The key is to catch them early. Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection. When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet. Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin. Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes. When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump. Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills. Talk with your doctor. Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections. Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails). A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes. Women are likely to get this in their vaginas. People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth. It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis." Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes. It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed. Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections. Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use. Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes. It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds. It looks like a small wart. Skin becomes tan or brown. It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety. It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin. Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange. This condition usually affects people who are very overweight. It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance. While there's no cure, losing weight may help. Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color. It's more common with type 1 diabetes. With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed. Patches of skin look discolored. They often appear on the chest and stomach. But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes. Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options. Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin. Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin. Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins. The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning. Treatment usually isn't necessary. Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition. Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath. The overlaying skin becomes thin and red. Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma. Lesions have fairly well-defined borders. Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful. As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them. If the sores do break open, see your doctor. Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight. It can also make your finger joints stiff. Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition. Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin. When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels. They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup. That can affect blood supply to your skin. When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin. Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured. Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood. When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen. Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy. These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks. They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs. To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood. The bumps usually go away over several weeks. You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs). Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters. These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms. They're usually painless and they heal on their own. They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control. Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin. These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too. The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored. Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help. Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back. It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes. The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control. Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.,Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way?Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems.Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common.As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one.Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem.The key is to catch them early.Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection.When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet.Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin.Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes.When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump.Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills.Talk with your doctor.Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections.Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails).A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes.Women are likely to get this in their vaginas.People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth.It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis."Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes.It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed.Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections.Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use.Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes.It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds.It looks like a small wart.Skin becomes tan or brown.It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety.It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin.Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange.This condition usually affects people who are very overweight.It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance.While there's no cure, losing weight may help.Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color.It's more common with type 1 diabetes.With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed.Patches of skin look discolored.They often appear on the chest and stomach.But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes.Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options.Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin.Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin.Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins.The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning.Treatment usually isn't necessary.Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition.Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath.The overlaying skin becomes thin and red.Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma.Lesions have fairly well-defined borders.Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful.As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them.If the sores do break open, see your doctor.Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight.It can also make your finger joints stiff.Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition.Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin.When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels.They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup.That can affect blood supply to your skin.When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin.Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured.Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood.When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen.Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy.These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks.They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs.To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood.The bumps usually go away over several weeks.You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs).Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters.These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms.They're usually painless and they heal on their own.They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy.For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control.Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin.These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too.The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored.Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help.Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back.It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes.The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control.Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.

<human>: What is diabetes-related acanthosis nigricans? <bot>: Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes. It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds. It looks like a small wart. Skin becomes tan or brown. It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety. It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin. Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange. This condition usually affects people who are very overweight. It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance. While there's no cure, losing weight may help.,context:Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way? Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems. Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common. As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one. Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem. The key is to catch them early. Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection. When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet. Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin. Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes. When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump. Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills. Talk with your doctor. Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections. Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails). A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes. Women are likely to get this in their vaginas. People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth. It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis." Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes. It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed. Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections. Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use. Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes. It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds. It looks like a small wart. Skin becomes tan or brown. It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety. It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin. Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange. This condition usually affects people who are very overweight. It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance. While there's no cure, losing weight may help. Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color. It's more common with type 1 diabetes. With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed. Patches of skin look discolored. They often appear on the chest and stomach. But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes. Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options. Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin. Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin. Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins. The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning. Treatment usually isn't necessary. Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition. Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath. The overlaying skin becomes thin and red. Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma. Lesions have fairly well-defined borders. Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful. As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them. If the sores do break open, see your doctor. Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight. It can also make your finger joints stiff. Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition. Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin. When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels. They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup. That can affect blood supply to your skin. When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin. Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured. Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood. When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen. Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy. These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks. They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs. To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood. The bumps usually go away over several weeks. You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs). Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters. These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms. They're usually painless and they heal on their own. They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control. Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin. These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too. The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored. Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help. Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back. It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes. The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control. Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.,Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way?Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems.Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common.As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one.Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem.The key is to catch them early.Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection.When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet.Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin.Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes.When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump.Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills.Talk with your doctor.Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections.Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails).A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes.Women are likely to get this in their vaginas.People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth.It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis."Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes.It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed.Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections.Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use.Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes.It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds.It looks like a small wart.Skin becomes tan or brown.It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety.It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin.Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange.This condition usually affects people who are very overweight.It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance.While there's no cure, losing weight may help.Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color.It's more common with type 1 diabetes.With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed.Patches of skin look discolored.They often appear on the chest and stomach.But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes.Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options.Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin.Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin.Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins.The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning.Treatment usually isn't necessary.Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition.Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath.The overlaying skin becomes thin and red.Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma.Lesions have fairly well-defined borders.Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful.As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them.If the sores do break open, see your doctor.Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight.It can also make your finger joints stiff.Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition.Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin.When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels.They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup.That can affect blood supply to your skin.When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin.Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured.Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood.When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen.Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy.These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks.They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs.To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood.The bumps usually go away over several weeks.You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs).Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters.These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms.They're usually painless and they heal on their own.They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy.For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control.Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin.These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too.The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored.Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help.Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back.It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes.The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control.Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.

<human>: How does acanthosis nigricans develop in diabetics? <bot>: Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes. It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds. It looks like a small wart. Skin becomes tan or brown. It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety. It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin. Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange. This condition usually affects people who are very overweight. It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance. While there's no cure, losing weight may help.,context:Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way? Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems. Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common. As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one. Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem. The key is to catch them early. Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection. When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet. Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin. Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes. When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump. Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills. Talk with your doctor. Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections. Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails). A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes. Women are likely to get this in their vaginas. People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth. It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis." Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes. It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed. Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections. Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use. Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes. It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds. It looks like a small wart. Skin becomes tan or brown. It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety. It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin. Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange. This condition usually affects people who are very overweight. It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance. While there's no cure, losing weight may help. Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color. It's more common with type 1 diabetes. With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed. Patches of skin look discolored. They often appear on the chest and stomach. But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes. Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options. Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin. Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin. Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins. The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning. Treatment usually isn't necessary. Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition. Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath. The overlaying skin becomes thin and red. Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma. Lesions have fairly well-defined borders. Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful. As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them. If the sores do break open, see your doctor. Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight. It can also make your finger joints stiff. Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition. Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin. When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels. They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup. That can affect blood supply to your skin. When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin. Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured. Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood. When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen. Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy. These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks. They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs. To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood. The bumps usually go away over several weeks. You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs). Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters. These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms. They're usually painless and they heal on their own. They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control. Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin. These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too. The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored. Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help. Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back. It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes. The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control. Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.,Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way?Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems.Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common.As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one.Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem.The key is to catch them early.Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection.When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet.Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin.Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes.When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump.Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills.Talk with your doctor.Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections.Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails).A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes.Women are likely to get this in their vaginas.People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth.It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis."Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes.It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed.Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections.Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use.Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes.It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds.It looks like a small wart.Skin becomes tan or brown.It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety.It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin.Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange.This condition usually affects people who are very overweight.It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance.While there's no cure, losing weight may help.Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color.It's more common with type 1 diabetes.With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed.Patches of skin look discolored.They often appear on the chest and stomach.But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes.Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options.Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin.Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin.Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins.The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning.Treatment usually isn't necessary.Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition.Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath.The overlaying skin becomes thin and red.Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma.Lesions have fairly well-defined borders.Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful.As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them.If the sores do break open, see your doctor.Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight.It can also make your finger joints stiff.Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition.Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin.When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels.They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup.That can affect blood supply to your skin.When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin.Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured.Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood.When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen.Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy.These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks.They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs.To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood.The bumps usually go away over several weeks.You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs).Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters.These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms.They're usually painless and they heal on their own.They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy.For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control.Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin.These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too.The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored.Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help.Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back.It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes.The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control.Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.

<human>: What is diabetes-related vitiligo? <bot>: Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color. It's more common with type 1 diabetes. With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed. Patches of skin look discolored. They often appear on the chest and stomach. But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes. Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options. Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin.,context:Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way? Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems. Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common. As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one. Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem. The key is to catch them early. Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection. When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet. Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin. Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes. When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump. Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills. Talk with your doctor. Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections. Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails). A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes. Women are likely to get this in their vaginas. People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth. It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis." Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes. It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed. Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections. Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use. Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes. It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds. It looks like a small wart. Skin becomes tan or brown. It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety. It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin. Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange. This condition usually affects people who are very overweight. It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance. While there's no cure, losing weight may help. Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color. It's more common with type 1 diabetes. With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed. Patches of skin look discolored. They often appear on the chest and stomach. But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes. Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options. Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin. Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin. Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins. The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning. Treatment usually isn't necessary. Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition. Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath. The overlaying skin becomes thin and red. Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma. Lesions have fairly well-defined borders. Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful. As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them. If the sores do break open, see your doctor. Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight. It can also make your finger joints stiff. Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition. Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin. When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels. They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup. That can affect blood supply to your skin. When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin. Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured. Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood. When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen. Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy. These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks. They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs. To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood. The bumps usually go away over several weeks. You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs). Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters. These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms. They're usually painless and they heal on their own. They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control. Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin. These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too. The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored. Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help. Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back. It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes. The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control. Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.,Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way?Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems.Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common.As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one.Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem.The key is to catch them early.Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection.When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet.Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin.Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes.When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump.Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills.Talk with your doctor.Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections.Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails).A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes.Women are likely to get this in their vaginas.People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth.It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis."Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes.It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed.Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections.Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use.Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes.It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds.It looks like a small wart.Skin becomes tan or brown.It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety.It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin.Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange.This condition usually affects people who are very overweight.It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance.While there's no cure, losing weight may help.Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color.It's more common with type 1 diabetes.With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed.Patches of skin look discolored.They often appear on the chest and stomach.But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes.Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options.Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin.Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin.Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins.The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning.Treatment usually isn't necessary.Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition.Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath.The overlaying skin becomes thin and red.Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma.Lesions have fairly well-defined borders.Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful.As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them.If the sores do break open, see your doctor.Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight.It can also make your finger joints stiff.Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition.Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin.When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels.They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup.That can affect blood supply to your skin.When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin.Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured.Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood.When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen.Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy.These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks.They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs.To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood.The bumps usually go away over several weeks.You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs).Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters.These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms.They're usually painless and they heal on their own.They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy.For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control.Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin.These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too.The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored.Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help.Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back.It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes.The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control.Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.

<human>: How are fungal infections due to diabetes treated? <bot>: A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes. Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use.,context:Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way? Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems. Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common. As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one. Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem. The key is to catch them early. Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection. When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet. Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin. Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes. When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump. Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills. Talk with your doctor. Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections. Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails). A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes. Women are likely to get this in their vaginas. People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth. It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis." Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes. It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed. Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections. Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use. Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes. It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds. It looks like a small wart. Skin becomes tan or brown. It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety. It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin. Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange. This condition usually affects people who are very overweight. It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance. While there's no cure, losing weight may help. Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color. It's more common with type 1 diabetes. With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed. Patches of skin look discolored. They often appear on the chest and stomach. But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes. Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options. Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin. Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin. Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins. The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning. Treatment usually isn't necessary. Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition. Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath. The overlaying skin becomes thin and red. Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma. Lesions have fairly well-defined borders. Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful. As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them. If the sores do break open, see your doctor. Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight. It can also make your finger joints stiff. Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition. Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin. When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels. They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup. That can affect blood supply to your skin. When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin. Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured. Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood. When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen. Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy. These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks. They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs. To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood. The bumps usually go away over several weeks. You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs). Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters. These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms. They're usually painless and they heal on their own. They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control. Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin. These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too. The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored. Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help. Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back. It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes. The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control. Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.,Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way?Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems.Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common.As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one.Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem.The key is to catch them early.Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection.When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet.Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin.Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes.When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump.Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills.Talk with your doctor.Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections.Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails).A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes.Women are likely to get this in their vaginas.People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth.It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis."Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes.It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed.Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections.Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use.Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes.It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds.It looks like a small wart.Skin becomes tan or brown.It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety.It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin.Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange.This condition usually affects people who are very overweight.It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance.While there's no cure, losing weight may help.Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color.It's more common with type 1 diabetes.With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed.Patches of skin look discolored.They often appear on the chest and stomach.But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes.Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options.Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin.Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin.Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins.The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning.Treatment usually isn't necessary.Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition.Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath.The overlaying skin becomes thin and red.Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma.Lesions have fairly well-defined borders.Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful.As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them.If the sores do break open, see your doctor.Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight.It can also make your finger joints stiff.Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition.Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin.When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels.They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup.That can affect blood supply to your skin.When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin.Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured.Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood.When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen.Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy.These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks.They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs.To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood.The bumps usually go away over several weeks.You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs).Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters.These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms.They're usually painless and they heal on their own.They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy.For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control.Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin.These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too.The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored.Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help.Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back.It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes.The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control.Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.

<human>: How are fungal infections from diabetes treated? <bot>: A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes. Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use.,context:Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way? Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems. Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common. As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one. Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem. The key is to catch them early. Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection. When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet. Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin. Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes. When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump. Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills. Talk with your doctor. Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections. Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails). A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes. Women are likely to get this in their vaginas. People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth. It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis." Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes. It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed. Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections. Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use. Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes. It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds. It looks like a small wart. Skin becomes tan or brown. It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety. It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin. Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange. This condition usually affects people who are very overweight. It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance. While there's no cure, losing weight may help. Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color. It's more common with type 1 diabetes. With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed. Patches of skin look discolored. They often appear on the chest and stomach. But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes. Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options. Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin. Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin. Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins. The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning. Treatment usually isn't necessary. Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition. Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath. The overlaying skin becomes thin and red. Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma. Lesions have fairly well-defined borders. Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful. As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them. If the sores do break open, see your doctor. Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight. It can also make your finger joints stiff. Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition. Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin. When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels. They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup. That can affect blood supply to your skin. When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin. Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured. Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood. When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen. Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy. These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks. They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs. To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood. The bumps usually go away over several weeks. You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs). Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters. These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms. They're usually painless and they heal on their own. They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control. Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin. These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too. The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored. Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help. Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back. It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes. The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control. Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.,Want another reason to get your blood sugar levels under control and keep them that way?Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems.Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common.As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one.Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem.The key is to catch them early.Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection.When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet.Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin.Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes.When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump.Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills.Talk with your doctor.Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections.Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails).A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes.Women are likely to get this in their vaginas.People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth.It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis."Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes.It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed.Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections.Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use.Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes.It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds.It looks like a small wart.Skin becomes tan or brown.It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety.It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin.Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange.This condition usually affects people who are very overweight.It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance.While there's no cure, losing weight may help.Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color.It's more common with type 1 diabetes.With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed.Patches of skin look discolored.They often appear on the chest and stomach.But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes.Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options.Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin.Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin.Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins.The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning.Treatment usually isn't necessary.Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition.Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath.The overlaying skin becomes thin and red.Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma.Lesions have fairly well-defined borders.Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful.As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them.If the sores do break open, see your doctor.Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight.It can also make your finger joints stiff.Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition.Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin.When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels.They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup.That can affect blood supply to your skin.When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin.Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured.Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood.When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen.Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy.These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks.They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs.To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood.The bumps usually go away over several weeks.You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs).Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters.These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms.They're usually painless and they heal on their own.They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy.For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control.Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin.These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too.The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored.Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help.Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back.It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes.The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control.Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.

<human>: Are there other factors besides the environment and genetics that can cause multiple sclerosis? <bot>: There's growing proof that hormones, including sex hormones, can affect and be affected by your immune system. For example, estrogen and progesterone, two important female sex hormones, may suppress your immune system. When these hormone levels are higher during pregnancy, women with MS tend to have less disease activity. Testosterone, the primary male hormone, may also suppress the immune response. Men's higher levels of testosterone may partly account for the fact that more than twice as many women as men have MS.,context:Doctors still don't understand what causes multiple sclerosis. But ongoing research shows that from your genes, to where you live, to the air you breathe, there are many factors in play. MS is an autoimmune condition. Doctors don't know why, but something tells your immune system to attack your body. With MS, the focus is on myelin, a fatty substance that covers the nerve fibers in your brain and spinal cord. Its job is to protect them like the plastic that wraps around the wires in your phone charger. When myelin is messed up, your nerves can't send messages back and forth the way they should. Without their protective coating, your nerves can get damaged, too. You might be more likely to get MS if you have another autoimmune condition like inflammatory bowel disease, thyroid disease, or type 1 diabetes. MS is more likely to affect people who live in certain places and belong to specific ethnic groups. It's especially common in cooler climates like Scotland, Scandinavia, and throughout northern Europe -- places that are farther from the equator. People who live close to the equator are least likely to get it. In the U. S., it affects white people more than other racial groups. If you move from a place where MS is rare to a place where it's common before you're a teenager, you'll also be more likely to get it. This suggests that something about the place you live before puberty raises your odds of getting MS. It could be the amount of sunlight in a day. There's evidence that vitamin D, which your body makes when it's exposed to sunlight, helps protect you from immune-related diseases. Are you a smoker? Then you're also more likely to get MS. And you'll probably have a worse case that progresses faster than cases for nonsmokers. Quitting can slow the disease down, though, whether you do it before or after you're diagnosed. If you smoke and you have clinically isolated syndrome -- a first instance of MS symptoms that lasts for about 24 hours -- you have a greater chance of a second episode and an MS diagnosis. No. You don't get it from your parents. But the risk factors could be in your genes. If your parents or siblings have it, you're far more likely to get it, too. Researchers believe there's more than one gene that boosts your odds of getting MS. Some think you're born with something in your genes that makes you more likely to react to triggers in the world around you. Once you're exposed to it, your immune system responds. New ways to identify genes may help answer questions about the role genetics plays in MS. There's growing proof that hormones, including sex hormones, can affect and be affected by your immune system. For example, estrogen and progesterone, two important female sex hormones, may suppress your immune system. When these hormone levels are higher during pregnancy, women with MS tend to have less disease activity. Testosterone, the primary male hormone, may also suppress the immune response. Men's higher levels of testosterone may partly account for the fact that more than twice as many women as men have MS. Some studies have shown that two viruses from the herpes family might be linked to MS triggers. Almost all people who have the disease have proteins in their spinal fluid also found in people with a nervous system disease caused by a virus. But doctors aren't sure if the virus was there before the MS, or if it caused MS, or it just happened along with it. Yes. MS can happen at any age, but most people are diagnosed between 15 and 60. At one point, people believed each of these might cause MS. But years of research have found no links: Allergies Artificial sweeteners Exposure to heavy metals Pets Physical trauma,Doctors still don't understand what causes multiple sclerosis.But ongoing research shows that from your genes, to where you live, to the air you breathe, there are many factors in play.MS is an autoimmune condition.Doctors don't know why, but something tells your immune system to attack your body.With MS, the focus is on myelin, a fatty substance that covers the nerve fibers in your brain and spinal cord.Its job is to protect them like the plastic that wraps around the wires in your phone charger.When myelin is messed up, your nerves can't send messages back and forth the way they should.Without their protective coating, your nerves can get damaged, too.You might be more likely to get MS if you have another autoimmune condition like inflammatory bowel disease, thyroid disease, or type 1 diabetes.MS is more likely to affect people who live in certain places and belong to specific ethnic groups.It's especially common in cooler climates like Scotland, Scandinavia, and throughout northern Europe -- places that are farther from the equator.People who live close to the equator are least likely to get it.In the U. S., it affects white people more than other racial groups.If you move from a place where MS is rare to a place where it's common before you're a teenager, you'll also be more likely to get it.This suggests that something about the place you live before puberty raises your odds of getting MS.It could be the amount of sunlight in a day.There's evidence that vitamin D, which your body makes when it's exposed to sunlight, helps protect you from immune-related diseases.Are you a smoker?Then you're also more likely to get MS. And you'll probably have a worse case that progresses faster than cases for nonsmokers.Quitting can slow the disease down, though, whether you do it before or after you're diagnosed.If you smoke and you have clinically isolated syndrome -- a first instance of MS symptoms that lasts for about 24 hours -- you have a greater chance of a second episode and an MS diagnosis.No.You don't get it from your parents.But the risk factors could be in your genes.If your parents or siblings have it, you're far more likely to get it, too.Researchers believe there's more than one gene that boosts your odds of getting MS.Some think you're born with something in your genes that makes you more likely to react to triggers in the world around you.Once you're exposed to it, your immune system responds.New ways to identify genes may help answer questions about the role genetics plays in MS.There's growing proof that hormones, including sex hormones, can affect and be affected by your immune system.For example, estrogen and progesterone, two important female sex hormones, may suppress your immune system.When these hormone levels are higher during pregnancy, women with MS tend to have less disease activity.Testosterone, the primary male hormone, may also suppress the immune response.Men's higher levels of testosterone may partly account for the fact that more than twice as many women as men have MS.Some studies have shown that two viruses from the herpes family might be linked to MS triggers.Almost all people who have the disease have proteins in their spinal fluid also found in people with a nervous system disease caused by a virus.But doctors aren't sure if the virus was there before the MS, or if it caused MS, or it just happened along with it.Yes.MS can happen at any age, but most people are diagnosed between 15 and 60.At one point, people believed each of these might cause MS.But years of research have found no links: Allergies Artificial sweeteners Exposure to heavy metals Pets Physical trauma

<human>: Do genetics play a role in contracting multiple sclerosis? <bot>: Doctors still don't understand what causes multiple sclerosis.,context:Doctors still don't understand what causes multiple sclerosis. But ongoing research shows that from your genes, to where you live, to the air you breathe, there are many factors in play. MS is an autoimmune condition. Doctors don't know why, but something tells your immune system to attack your body. With MS, the focus is on myelin, a fatty substance that covers the nerve fibers in your brain and spinal cord. Its job is to protect them like the plastic that wraps around the wires in your phone charger. When myelin is messed up, your nerves can't send messages back and forth the way they should. Without their protective coating, your nerves can get damaged, too. You might be more likely to get MS if you have another autoimmune condition like inflammatory bowel disease, thyroid disease, or type 1 diabetes. MS is more likely to affect people who live in certain places and belong to specific ethnic groups. It's especially common in cooler climates like Scotland, Scandinavia, and throughout northern Europe -- places that are farther from the equator. People who live close to the equator are least likely to get it. In the U. S., it affects white people more than other racial groups. If you move from a place where MS is rare to a place where it's common before you're a teenager, you'll also be more likely to get it. This suggests that something about the place you live before puberty raises your odds of getting MS. It could be the amount of sunlight in a day. There's evidence that vitamin D, which your body makes when it's exposed to sunlight, helps protect you from immune-related diseases. Are you a smoker? Then you're also more likely to get MS. And you'll probably have a worse case that progresses faster than cases for nonsmokers. Quitting can slow the disease down, though, whether you do it before or after you're diagnosed. If you smoke and you have clinically isolated syndrome -- a first instance of MS symptoms that lasts for about 24 hours -- you have a greater chance of a second episode and an MS diagnosis. No. You don't get it from your parents. But the risk factors could be in your genes. If your parents or siblings have it, you're far more likely to get it, too. Researchers believe there's more than one gene that boosts your odds of getting MS. Some think you're born with something in your genes that makes you more likely to react to triggers in the world around you. Once you're exposed to it, your immune system responds. New ways to identify genes may help answer questions about the role genetics plays in MS. There's growing proof that hormones, including sex hormones, can affect and be affected by your immune system. For example, estrogen and progesterone, two important female sex hormones, may suppress your immune system. When these hormone levels are higher during pregnancy, women with MS tend to have less disease activity. Testosterone, the primary male hormone, may also suppress the immune response. Men's higher levels of testosterone may partly account for the fact that more than twice as many women as men have MS. Some studies have shown that two viruses from the herpes family might be linked to MS triggers. Almost all people who have the disease have proteins in their spinal fluid also found in people with a nervous system disease caused by a virus. But doctors aren't sure if the virus was there before the MS, or if it caused MS, or it just happened along with it. Yes. MS can happen at any age, but most people are diagnosed between 15 and 60. At one point, people believed each of these might cause MS. But years of research have found no links: Allergies Artificial sweeteners Exposure to heavy metals Pets Physical trauma,Doctors still don't understand what causes multiple sclerosis.But ongoing research shows that from your genes, to where you live, to the air you breathe, there are many factors in play.MS is an autoimmune condition.Doctors don't know why, but something tells your immune system to attack your body.With MS, the focus is on myelin, a fatty substance that covers the nerve fibers in your brain and spinal cord.Its job is to protect them like the plastic that wraps around the wires in your phone charger.When myelin is messed up, your nerves can't send messages back and forth the way they should.Without their protective coating, your nerves can get damaged, too.You might be more likely to get MS if you have another autoimmune condition like inflammatory bowel disease, thyroid disease, or type 1 diabetes.MS is more likely to affect people who live in certain places and belong to specific ethnic groups.It's especially common in cooler climates like Scotland, Scandinavia, and throughout northern Europe -- places that are farther from the equator.People who live close to the equator are least likely to get it.In the U. S., it affects white people more than other racial groups.If you move from a place where MS is rare to a place where it's common before you're a teenager, you'll also be more likely to get it.This suggests that something about the place you live before puberty raises your odds of getting MS.It could be the amount of sunlight in a day.There's evidence that vitamin D, which your body makes when it's exposed to sunlight, helps protect you from immune-related diseases.Are you a smoker?Then you're also more likely to get MS. And you'll probably have a worse case that progresses faster than cases for nonsmokers.Quitting can slow the disease down, though, whether you do it before or after you're diagnosed.If you smoke and you have clinically isolated syndrome -- a first instance of MS symptoms that lasts for about 24 hours -- you have a greater chance of a second episode and an MS diagnosis.No.You don't get it from your parents.But the risk factors could be in your genes.If your parents or siblings have it, you're far more likely to get it, too.Researchers believe there's more than one gene that boosts your odds of getting MS.Some think you're born with something in your genes that makes you more likely to react to triggers in the world around you.Once you're exposed to it, your immune system responds.New ways to identify genes may help answer questions about the role genetics plays in MS.There's growing proof that hormones, including sex hormones, can affect and be affected by your immune system.For example, estrogen and progesterone, two important female sex hormones, may suppress your immune system.When these hormone levels are higher during pregnancy, women with MS tend to have less disease activity.Testosterone, the primary male hormone, may also suppress the immune response.Men's higher levels of testosterone may partly account for the fact that more than twice as many women as men have MS.Some studies have shown that two viruses from the herpes family might be linked to MS triggers.Almost all people who have the disease have proteins in their spinal fluid also found in people with a nervous system disease caused by a virus.But doctors aren't sure if the virus was there before the MS, or if it caused MS, or it just happened along with it.Yes.MS can happen at any age, but most people are diagnosed between 15 and 60.At one point, people believed each of these might cause MS.But years of research have found no links: Allergies Artificial sweeteners Exposure to heavy metals Pets Physical trauma

<human>: Does the environment affect a person's risk of multiple sclerosis? <bot>: It's especially common in cooler climates like Scotland, Scandinavia, and throughout northern Europe -- places that are farther from the equator. People who live close to the equator are least likely to get it. In the U. S., it affects white people more than other racial groups.,context:Doctors still don't understand what causes multiple sclerosis. But ongoing research shows that from your genes, to where you live, to the air you breathe, there are many factors in play. MS is an autoimmune condition. Doctors don't know why, but something tells your immune system to attack your body. With MS, the focus is on myelin, a fatty substance that covers the nerve fibers in your brain and spinal cord. Its job is to protect them like the plastic that wraps around the wires in your phone charger. When myelin is messed up, your nerves can't send messages back and forth the way they should. Without their protective coating, your nerves can get damaged, too. You might be more likely to get MS if you have another autoimmune condition like inflammatory bowel disease, thyroid disease, or type 1 diabetes. MS is more likely to affect people who live in certain places and belong to specific ethnic groups. It's especially common in cooler climates like Scotland, Scandinavia, and throughout northern Europe -- places that are farther from the equator. People who live close to the equator are least likely to get it. In the U. S., it affects white people more than other racial groups. If you move from a place where MS is rare to a place where it's common before you're a teenager, you'll also be more likely to get it. This suggests that something about the place you live before puberty raises your odds of getting MS. It could be the amount of sunlight in a day. There's evidence that vitamin D, which your body makes when it's exposed to sunlight, helps protect you from immune-related diseases. Are you a smoker? Then you're also more likely to get MS. And you'll probably have a worse case that progresses faster than cases for nonsmokers. Quitting can slow the disease down, though, whether you do it before or after you're diagnosed. If you smoke and you have clinically isolated syndrome -- a first instance of MS symptoms that lasts for about 24 hours -- you have a greater chance of a second episode and an MS diagnosis. No. You don't get it from your parents. But the risk factors could be in your genes. If your parents or siblings have it, you're far more likely to get it, too. Researchers believe there's more than one gene that boosts your odds of getting MS. Some think you're born with something in your genes that makes you more likely to react to triggers in the world around you. Once you're exposed to it, your immune system responds. New ways to identify genes may help answer questions about the role genetics plays in MS. There's growing proof that hormones, including sex hormones, can affect and be affected by your immune system. For example, estrogen and progesterone, two important female sex hormones, may suppress your immune system. When these hormone levels are higher during pregnancy, women with MS tend to have less disease activity. Testosterone, the primary male hormone, may also suppress the immune response. Men's higher levels of testosterone may partly account for the fact that more than twice as many women as men have MS. Some studies have shown that two viruses from the herpes family might be linked to MS triggers. Almost all people who have the disease have proteins in their spinal fluid also found in people with a nervous system disease caused by a virus. But doctors aren't sure if the virus was there before the MS, or if it caused MS, or it just happened along with it. Yes. MS can happen at any age, but most people are diagnosed between 15 and 60. At one point, people believed each of these might cause MS. But years of research have found no links: Allergies Artificial sweeteners Exposure to heavy metals Pets Physical trauma,Doctors still don't understand what causes multiple sclerosis.But ongoing research shows that from your genes, to where you live, to the air you breathe, there are many factors in play.MS is an autoimmune condition.Doctors don't know why, but something tells your immune system to attack your body.With MS, the focus is on myelin, a fatty substance that covers the nerve fibers in your brain and spinal cord.Its job is to protect them like the plastic that wraps around the wires in your phone charger.When myelin is messed up, your nerves can't send messages back and forth the way they should.Without their protective coating, your nerves can get damaged, too.You might be more likely to get MS if you have another autoimmune condition like inflammatory bowel disease, thyroid disease, or type 1 diabetes.MS is more likely to affect people who live in certain places and belong to specific ethnic groups.It's especially common in cooler climates like Scotland, Scandinavia, and throughout northern Europe -- places that are farther from the equator.People who live close to the equator are least likely to get it.In the U. S., it affects white people more than other racial groups.If you move from a place where MS is rare to a place where it's common before you're a teenager, you'll also be more likely to get it.This suggests that something about the place you live before puberty raises your odds of getting MS.It could be the amount of sunlight in a day.There's evidence that vitamin D, which your body makes when it's exposed to sunlight, helps protect you from immune-related diseases.Are you a smoker?Then you're also more likely to get MS. And you'll probably have a worse case that progresses faster than cases for nonsmokers.Quitting can slow the disease down, though, whether you do it before or after you're diagnosed.If you smoke and you have clinically isolated syndrome -- a first instance of MS symptoms that lasts for about 24 hours -- you have a greater chance of a second episode and an MS diagnosis.No.You don't get it from your parents.But the risk factors could be in your genes.If your parents or siblings have it, you're far more likely to get it, too.Researchers believe there's more than one gene that boosts your odds of getting MS.Some think you're born with something in your genes that makes you more likely to react to triggers in the world around you.Once you're exposed to it, your immune system responds.New ways to identify genes may help answer questions about the role genetics plays in MS.There's growing proof that hormones, including sex hormones, can affect and be affected by your immune system.For example, estrogen and progesterone, two important female sex hormones, may suppress your immune system.When these hormone levels are higher during pregnancy, women with MS tend to have less disease activity.Testosterone, the primary male hormone, may also suppress the immune response.Men's higher levels of testosterone may partly account for the fact that more than twice as many women as men have MS.Some studies have shown that two viruses from the herpes family might be linked to MS triggers.Almost all people who have the disease have proteins in their spinal fluid also found in people with a nervous system disease caused by a virus.But doctors aren't sure if the virus was there before the MS, or if it caused MS, or it just happened along with it.Yes.MS can happen at any age, but most people are diagnosed between 15 and 60.At one point, people believed each of these might cause MS.But years of research have found no links: Allergies Artificial sweeteners Exposure to heavy metals Pets Physical trauma

<human>: Is multiple sclerosis more common in certain parts of the world? <bot>: MS is an autoimmune condition. It's especially common in cooler climates like Scotland, Scandinavia, and throughout northern Europe -- places that are farther from the equator. This suggests that something about the place you live before puberty raises your odds of getting MS. But the risk factors could be in your genes. At one point, people believed each of these might cause MS.,context:Doctors still don't understand what causes multiple sclerosis. But ongoing research shows that from your genes, to where you live, to the air you breathe, there are many factors in play. MS is an autoimmune condition. Doctors don't know why, but something tells your immune system to attack your body. With MS, the focus is on myelin, a fatty substance that covers the nerve fibers in your brain and spinal cord. Its job is to protect them like the plastic that wraps around the wires in your phone charger. When myelin is messed up, your nerves can't send messages back and forth the way they should. Without their protective coating, your nerves can get damaged, too. You might be more likely to get MS if you have another autoimmune condition like inflammatory bowel disease, thyroid disease, or type 1 diabetes. MS is more likely to affect people who live in certain places and belong to specific ethnic groups. It's especially common in cooler climates like Scotland, Scandinavia, and throughout northern Europe -- places that are farther from the equator. People who live close to the equator are least likely to get it. In the U. S., it affects white people more than other racial groups. If you move from a place where MS is rare to a place where it's common before you're a teenager, you'll also be more likely to get it. This suggests that something about the place you live before puberty raises your odds of getting MS. It could be the amount of sunlight in a day. There's evidence that vitamin D, which your body makes when it's exposed to sunlight, helps protect you from immune-related diseases. Are you a smoker? Then you're also more likely to get MS. And you'll probably have a worse case that progresses faster than cases for nonsmokers. Quitting can slow the disease down, though, whether you do it before or after you're diagnosed. If you smoke and you have clinically isolated syndrome -- a first instance of MS symptoms that lasts for about 24 hours -- you have a greater chance of a second episode and an MS diagnosis. No. You don't get it from your parents. But the risk factors could be in your genes. If your parents or siblings have it, you're far more likely to get it, too. Researchers believe there's more than one gene that boosts your odds of getting MS. Some think you're born with something in your genes that makes you more likely to react to triggers in the world around you. Once you're exposed to it, your immune system responds. New ways to identify genes may help answer questions about the role genetics plays in MS. There's growing proof that hormones, including sex hormones, can affect and be affected by your immune system. For example, estrogen and progesterone, two important female sex hormones, may suppress your immune system. When these hormone levels are higher during pregnancy, women with MS tend to have less disease activity. Testosterone, the primary male hormone, may also suppress the immune response. Men's higher levels of testosterone may partly account for the fact that more than twice as many women as men have MS. Some studies have shown that two viruses from the herpes family might be linked to MS triggers. Almost all people who have the disease have proteins in their spinal fluid also found in people with a nervous system disease caused by a virus. But doctors aren't sure if the virus was there before the MS, or if it caused MS, or it just happened along with it. Yes. MS can happen at any age, but most people are diagnosed between 15 and 60. At one point, people believed each of these might cause MS. But years of research have found no links: Allergies Artificial sweeteners Exposure to heavy metals Pets Physical trauma,Doctors still don't understand what causes multiple sclerosis.But ongoing research shows that from your genes, to where you live, to the air you breathe, there are many factors in play.MS is an autoimmune condition.Doctors don't know why, but something tells your immune system to attack your body.With MS, the focus is on myelin, a fatty substance that covers the nerve fibers in your brain and spinal cord.Its job is to protect them like the plastic that wraps around the wires in your phone charger.When myelin is messed up, your nerves can't send messages back and forth the way they should.Without their protective coating, your nerves can get damaged, too.You might be more likely to get MS if you have another autoimmune condition like inflammatory bowel disease, thyroid disease, or type 1 diabetes.MS is more likely to affect people who live in certain places and belong to specific ethnic groups.It's especially common in cooler climates like Scotland, Scandinavia, and throughout northern Europe -- places that are farther from the equator.People who live close to the equator are least likely to get it.In the U. S., it affects white people more than other racial groups.If you move from a place where MS is rare to a place where it's common before you're a teenager, you'll also be more likely to get it.This suggests that something about the place you live before puberty raises your odds of getting MS.It could be the amount of sunlight in a day.There's evidence that vitamin D, which your body makes when it's exposed to sunlight, helps protect you from immune-related diseases.Are you a smoker?Then you're also more likely to get MS. And you'll probably have a worse case that progresses faster than cases for nonsmokers.Quitting can slow the disease down, though, whether you do it before or after you're diagnosed.If you smoke and you have clinically isolated syndrome -- a first instance of MS symptoms that lasts for about 24 hours -- you have a greater chance of a second episode and an MS diagnosis.No.You don't get it from your parents.But the risk factors could be in your genes.If your parents or siblings have it, you're far more likely to get it, too.Researchers believe there's more than one gene that boosts your odds of getting MS.Some think you're born with something in your genes that makes you more likely to react to triggers in the world around you.Once you're exposed to it, your immune system responds.New ways to identify genes may help answer questions about the role genetics plays in MS.There's growing proof that hormones, including sex hormones, can affect and be affected by your immune system.For example, estrogen and progesterone, two important female sex hormones, may suppress your immune system.When these hormone levels are higher during pregnancy, women with MS tend to have less disease activity.Testosterone, the primary male hormone, may also suppress the immune response.Men's higher levels of testosterone may partly account for the fact that more than twice as many women as men have MS.Some studies have shown that two viruses from the herpes family might be linked to MS triggers.Almost all people who have the disease have proteins in their spinal fluid also found in people with a nervous system disease caused by a virus.But doctors aren't sure if the virus was there before the MS, or if it caused MS, or it just happened along with it.Yes.MS can happen at any age, but most people are diagnosed between 15 and 60.At one point, people believed each of these might cause MS.But years of research have found no links: Allergies Artificial sweeteners Exposure to heavy metals Pets Physical trauma

<human>: What diseases can Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) cause other than mono? <bot>: EBV is best known for causing mononucleosis, but less often it can lead to other diseases, including: Ear infections and diarrhea in children Guillain- Barre syndrome Certain cancers, including Burkitt's lymphoma and cancers of the nose and throat Studies also show a link between EBV and multiple sclerosis ( MS), but more research is needed to determine if the virus can lead to MS.,context:Epstein- Barr is the virus that causes mononucleosis. You might know this disease better by its nickname, "mono." It's also called the "kissing disease" because of one way you can spread it to someone else. Even though Epstein- Barr virus ( EBV) isn't a household name, you've probably been infected without knowing it. Lots of people carry the virus but don't get sick. Once you're infected with EBV, symptoms can take 4 to 6 weeks to show up. When they do, they're often mild, especially in young children. Kids' symptoms may be more like those of a cold or flu. Teens often have more obvious symptoms of mono. If you do get symptoms, most likely you'll have: Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Rash Sore throat Swollen glands in the neck Weakness and sore muscles Although you should start feeling better in 2 to 4 weeks, the fatigue can stick around much longer. You may still feel tired a couple of months later. The virus is found in saliva, so you can catch mono from kissing someone who's infected. You can also get it from drinking from the same glass or using an infected person's toothbrush. It's also found in blood and semen, so it's possible to get mono from sex, a blood transfusion, or an organ transplant. You don't have to be sick to pass the virus to someone else. EBV stays in your body long after you get over mono. The virus can become active again months or years later, making you contagious once more. It's hard to tell whether you have mononucleosis just by your symptoms. Fever, fatigue, and sore throat could also be signs of other illnesses, like the flu or a cold. See your doctor for an exam to learn for sure what's making you sick. He might find signs that you have mono, such as an enlarged spleen, an organ in your belly that filters blood. Your doctor will also check to see if you have a swollen liver and white patches on your tonsils. You may also need to get some blood tests. One test looks for antibodies, substances your immune system makes in response to the EBV virus. Another test looks for a type of white blood cell your body uses to fight off the EBV infection. Like other viruses, Epstein- Barr can't be treated with antibiotics. Mono should clear up on its own without treatment in a few weeks. Although no medicine can cure an EBV infection, you can take these steps at home to ease your symptoms: Get plenty of rest. Drink a lot of water and other liquids to stay hydrated. Suck on lozenges or ice pops, or gargle with warm salt water, to make your sore throat feel better. Take painkillers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to bring down fever and relieve body aches. ( Don't give aspirin to children under 19 years of age because of the risk of a rare but serious condition called Reye's syndrome.) Ease back into work or school, taking things slowly until you feel better. For a month or so, avoid sports, heavy lifting, or other vigorous activities in which you could injure your spleen. No vaccine can protect you against the EBV virus. The best way to avoid catching it is to stay away from anyone who has mono. Don't share any items, including glasses, silverware, and toothbrushes, with someone who is infected. Also avoid kissing or having sex with an infected person. There are some rare complications of mono, so see your doctor if you or your child has any of these symptoms: Sudden, sharp pain on the left side of the belly, which could mean a problem with your spleen Very little urine, a sign of dehydration Trouble breathing or swallowing -- call 911 immediately Also call if your symptoms don't go away after 4 to 6 weeks. You could have another type of infection besides mononucleosis. EBV is best known for causing mononucleosis, but less often it can lead to other diseases, including: Ear infections and diarrhea in children Guillain- Barre syndrome Certain cancers, including Burkitt's lymphoma and cancers of the nose and throat Studies also show a link between EBV and multiple sclerosis ( MS), but more research is needed to determine if the virus can lead to MS.,Epstein- Barr is the virus that causes mononucleosis.You might know this disease better by its nickname, "mono."It's also called the "kissing disease" because of one way you can spread it to someone else.Even though Epstein- Barr virus ( EBV) isn't a household name, you've probably been infected without knowing it.Lots of people carry the virus but don't get sick.Once you're infected with EBV, symptoms can take 4 to 6 weeks to show up.When they do, they're often mild, especially in young children.Kids' symptoms may be more like those of a cold or flu.Teens often have more obvious symptoms of mono.If you do get symptoms, most likely you'll have: Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Rash Sore throat Swollen glands in the neck Weakness and sore muscles Although you should start feeling better in 2 to 4 weeks, the fatigue can stick around much longer.You may still feel tired a couple of months later.The virus is found in saliva, so you can catch mono from kissing someone who's infected.You can also get it from drinking from the same glass or using an infected person's toothbrush.It's also found in blood and semen, so it's possible to get mono from sex, a blood transfusion, or an organ transplant.You don't have to be sick to pass the virus to someone else.EBV stays in your body long after you get over mono.The virus can become active again months or years later, making you contagious once more.It's hard to tell whether you have mononucleosis just by your symptoms.Fever, fatigue, and sore throat could also be signs of other illnesses, like the flu or a cold.See your doctor for an exam to learn for sure what's making you sick.He might find signs that you have mono, such as an enlarged spleen, an organ in your belly that filters blood.Your doctor will also check to see if you have a swollen liver and white patches on your tonsils.You may also need to get some blood tests.One test looks for antibodies, substances your immune system makes in response to the EBV virus.Another test looks for a type of white blood cell your body uses to fight off the EBV infection.Like other viruses, Epstein- Barr can't be treated with antibiotics.Mono should clear up on its own without treatment in a few weeks.Although no medicine can cure an EBV infection, you can take these steps at home to ease your symptoms: Get plenty of rest.Drink a lot of water and other liquids to stay hydrated.Suck on lozenges or ice pops, or gargle with warm salt water, to make your sore throat feel better.Take painkillers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to bring down fever and relieve body aches.( Don't give aspirin to children under 19 years of age because of the risk of a rare but serious condition called Reye's syndrome.)Ease back into work or school, taking things slowly until you feel better.For a month or so, avoid sports, heavy lifting, or other vigorous activities in which you could injure your spleen.No vaccine can protect you against the EBV virus.The best way to avoid catching it is to stay away from anyone who has mono.Don't share any items, including glasses, silverware, and toothbrushes, with someone who is infected.Also avoid kissing or having sex with an infected person.There are some rare complications of mono, so see your doctor if you or your child has any of these symptoms: Sudden, sharp pain on the left side of the belly, which could mean a problem with your spleen Very little urine, a sign of dehydration Trouble breathing or swallowing -- call 911 immediately Also call if your symptoms don't go away after 4 to 6 weeks.You could have another type of infection besides mononucleosis.EBV is best known for causing mononucleosis, but less often it can lead to other diseases, including: Ear infections and diarrhea in children Guillain- Barre syndrome Certain cancers, including Burkitt's lymphoma and cancers of the nose and throat Studies also show a link between EBV and multiple sclerosis ( MS), but more research is needed to determine if the virus can lead to MS.

<human>: How is your activity restricted if you're recovering from an Epstein-Barr virus infection? <bot>: There are some rare complications of mono, so see your doctor if you or your child has any of these symptoms: Sudden, sharp pain on the left side of the belly, which could mean a problem with your spleen Very little urine, a sign of dehydration Trouble breathing or swallowing -- call 911 immediately Also call if your symptoms don't go away after 4 to 6 weeks.,context:Epstein- Barr is the virus that causes mononucleosis. You might know this disease better by its nickname, "mono." It's also called the "kissing disease" because of one way you can spread it to someone else. Even though Epstein- Barr virus ( EBV) isn't a household name, you've probably been infected without knowing it. Lots of people carry the virus but don't get sick. Once you're infected with EBV, symptoms can take 4 to 6 weeks to show up. When they do, they're often mild, especially in young children. Kids' symptoms may be more like those of a cold or flu. Teens often have more obvious symptoms of mono. If you do get symptoms, most likely you'll have: Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Rash Sore throat Swollen glands in the neck Weakness and sore muscles Although you should start feeling better in 2 to 4 weeks, the fatigue can stick around much longer. You may still feel tired a couple of months later. The virus is found in saliva, so you can catch mono from kissing someone who's infected. You can also get it from drinking from the same glass or using an infected person's toothbrush. It's also found in blood and semen, so it's possible to get mono from sex, a blood transfusion, or an organ transplant. You don't have to be sick to pass the virus to someone else. EBV stays in your body long after you get over mono. The virus can become active again months or years later, making you contagious once more. It's hard to tell whether you have mononucleosis just by your symptoms. Fever, fatigue, and sore throat could also be signs of other illnesses, like the flu or a cold. See your doctor for an exam to learn for sure what's making you sick. He might find signs that you have mono, such as an enlarged spleen, an organ in your belly that filters blood. Your doctor will also check to see if you have a swollen liver and white patches on your tonsils. You may also need to get some blood tests. One test looks for antibodies, substances your immune system makes in response to the EBV virus. Another test looks for a type of white blood cell your body uses to fight off the EBV infection. Like other viruses, Epstein- Barr can't be treated with antibiotics. Mono should clear up on its own without treatment in a few weeks. Although no medicine can cure an EBV infection, you can take these steps at home to ease your symptoms: Get plenty of rest. Drink a lot of water and other liquids to stay hydrated. Suck on lozenges or ice pops, or gargle with warm salt water, to make your sore throat feel better. Take painkillers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to bring down fever and relieve body aches. ( Don't give aspirin to children under 19 years of age because of the risk of a rare but serious condition called Reye's syndrome.) Ease back into work or school, taking things slowly until you feel better. For a month or so, avoid sports, heavy lifting, or other vigorous activities in which you could injure your spleen. No vaccine can protect you against the EBV virus. The best way to avoid catching it is to stay away from anyone who has mono. Don't share any items, including glasses, silverware, and toothbrushes, with someone who is infected. Also avoid kissing or having sex with an infected person. There are some rare complications of mono, so see your doctor if you or your child has any of these symptoms: Sudden, sharp pain on the left side of the belly, which could mean a problem with your spleen Very little urine, a sign of dehydration Trouble breathing or swallowing -- call 911 immediately Also call if your symptoms don't go away after 4 to 6 weeks. You could have another type of infection besides mononucleosis. EBV is best known for causing mononucleosis, but less often it can lead to other diseases, including: Ear infections and diarrhea in children Guillain- Barre syndrome Certain cancers, including Burkitt's lymphoma and cancers of the nose and throat Studies also show a link between EBV and multiple sclerosis ( MS), but more research is needed to determine if the virus can lead to MS.,Epstein- Barr is the virus that causes mononucleosis.You might know this disease better by its nickname, "mono."It's also called the "kissing disease" because of one way you can spread it to someone else.Even though Epstein- Barr virus ( EBV) isn't a household name, you've probably been infected without knowing it.Lots of people carry the virus but don't get sick.Once you're infected with EBV, symptoms can take 4 to 6 weeks to show up.When they do, they're often mild, especially in young children.Kids' symptoms may be more like those of a cold or flu.Teens often have more obvious symptoms of mono.If you do get symptoms, most likely you'll have: Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Rash Sore throat Swollen glands in the neck Weakness and sore muscles Although you should start feeling better in 2 to 4 weeks, the fatigue can stick around much longer.You may still feel tired a couple of months later.The virus is found in saliva, so you can catch mono from kissing someone who's infected.You can also get it from drinking from the same glass or using an infected person's toothbrush.It's also found in blood and semen, so it's possible to get mono from sex, a blood transfusion, or an organ transplant.You don't have to be sick to pass the virus to someone else.EBV stays in your body long after you get over mono.The virus can become active again months or years later, making you contagious once more.It's hard to tell whether you have mononucleosis just by your symptoms.Fever, fatigue, and sore throat could also be signs of other illnesses, like the flu or a cold.See your doctor for an exam to learn for sure what's making you sick.He might find signs that you have mono, such as an enlarged spleen, an organ in your belly that filters blood.Your doctor will also check to see if you have a swollen liver and white patches on your tonsils.You may also need to get some blood tests.One test looks for antibodies, substances your immune system makes in response to the EBV virus.Another test looks for a type of white blood cell your body uses to fight off the EBV infection.Like other viruses, Epstein- Barr can't be treated with antibiotics.Mono should clear up on its own without treatment in a few weeks.Although no medicine can cure an EBV infection, you can take these steps at home to ease your symptoms: Get plenty of rest.Drink a lot of water and other liquids to stay hydrated.Suck on lozenges or ice pops, or gargle with warm salt water, to make your sore throat feel better.Take painkillers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to bring down fever and relieve body aches.( Don't give aspirin to children under 19 years of age because of the risk of a rare but serious condition called Reye's syndrome.)Ease back into work or school, taking things slowly until you feel better.For a month or so, avoid sports, heavy lifting, or other vigorous activities in which you could injure your spleen.No vaccine can protect you against the EBV virus.The best way to avoid catching it is to stay away from anyone who has mono.Don't share any items, including glasses, silverware, and toothbrushes, with someone who is infected.Also avoid kissing or having sex with an infected person.There are some rare complications of mono, so see your doctor if you or your child has any of these symptoms: Sudden, sharp pain on the left side of the belly, which could mean a problem with your spleen Very little urine, a sign of dehydration Trouble breathing or swallowing -- call 911 immediately Also call if your symptoms don't go away after 4 to 6 weeks.You could have another type of infection besides mononucleosis.EBV is best known for causing mononucleosis, but less often it can lead to other diseases, including: Ear infections and diarrhea in children Guillain- Barre syndrome Certain cancers, including Burkitt's lymphoma and cancers of the nose and throat Studies also show a link between EBV and multiple sclerosis ( MS), but more research is needed to determine if the virus can lead to MS.

<human>: How can an Epstein-Barr virus infection be prevented? <bot>: No vaccine can protect you against the EBV virus. The best way to avoid catching it is to stay away from anyone who has mono. Don't share any items, including glasses, silverware, and toothbrushes, with someone who is infected. Also avoid kissing or having sex with an infected person.,context:Epstein- Barr is the virus that causes mononucleosis. You might know this disease better by its nickname, "mono." It's also called the "kissing disease" because of one way you can spread it to someone else. Even though Epstein- Barr virus ( EBV) isn't a household name, you've probably been infected without knowing it. Lots of people carry the virus but don't get sick. Once you're infected with EBV, symptoms can take 4 to 6 weeks to show up. When they do, they're often mild, especially in young children. Kids' symptoms may be more like those of a cold or flu. Teens often have more obvious symptoms of mono. If you do get symptoms, most likely you'll have: Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Rash Sore throat Swollen glands in the neck Weakness and sore muscles Although you should start feeling better in 2 to 4 weeks, the fatigue can stick around much longer. You may still feel tired a couple of months later. The virus is found in saliva, so you can catch mono from kissing someone who's infected. You can also get it from drinking from the same glass or using an infected person's toothbrush. It's also found in blood and semen, so it's possible to get mono from sex, a blood transfusion, or an organ transplant. You don't have to be sick to pass the virus to someone else. EBV stays in your body long after you get over mono. The virus can become active again months or years later, making you contagious once more. It's hard to tell whether you have mononucleosis just by your symptoms. Fever, fatigue, and sore throat could also be signs of other illnesses, like the flu or a cold. See your doctor for an exam to learn for sure what's making you sick. He might find signs that you have mono, such as an enlarged spleen, an organ in your belly that filters blood. Your doctor will also check to see if you have a swollen liver and white patches on your tonsils. You may also need to get some blood tests. One test looks for antibodies, substances your immune system makes in response to the EBV virus. Another test looks for a type of white blood cell your body uses to fight off the EBV infection. Like other viruses, Epstein- Barr can't be treated with antibiotics. Mono should clear up on its own without treatment in a few weeks. Although no medicine can cure an EBV infection, you can take these steps at home to ease your symptoms: Get plenty of rest. Drink a lot of water and other liquids to stay hydrated. Suck on lozenges or ice pops, or gargle with warm salt water, to make your sore throat feel better. Take painkillers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to bring down fever and relieve body aches. ( Don't give aspirin to children under 19 years of age because of the risk of a rare but serious condition called Reye's syndrome.) Ease back into work or school, taking things slowly until you feel better. For a month or so, avoid sports, heavy lifting, or other vigorous activities in which you could injure your spleen. No vaccine can protect you against the EBV virus. The best way to avoid catching it is to stay away from anyone who has mono. Don't share any items, including glasses, silverware, and toothbrushes, with someone who is infected. Also avoid kissing or having sex with an infected person. There are some rare complications of mono, so see your doctor if you or your child has any of these symptoms: Sudden, sharp pain on the left side of the belly, which could mean a problem with your spleen Very little urine, a sign of dehydration Trouble breathing or swallowing -- call 911 immediately Also call if your symptoms don't go away after 4 to 6 weeks. You could have another type of infection besides mononucleosis. EBV is best known for causing mononucleosis, but less often it can lead to other diseases, including: Ear infections and diarrhea in children Guillain- Barre syndrome Certain cancers, including Burkitt's lymphoma and cancers of the nose and throat Studies also show a link between EBV and multiple sclerosis ( MS), but more research is needed to determine if the virus can lead to MS.,Epstein- Barr is the virus that causes mononucleosis.You might know this disease better by its nickname, "mono."It's also called the "kissing disease" because of one way you can spread it to someone else.Even though Epstein- Barr virus ( EBV) isn't a household name, you've probably been infected without knowing it.Lots of people carry the virus but don't get sick.Once you're infected with EBV, symptoms can take 4 to 6 weeks to show up.When they do, they're often mild, especially in young children.Kids' symptoms may be more like those of a cold or flu.Teens often have more obvious symptoms of mono.If you do get symptoms, most likely you'll have: Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Rash Sore throat Swollen glands in the neck Weakness and sore muscles Although you should start feeling better in 2 to 4 weeks, the fatigue can stick around much longer.You may still feel tired a couple of months later.The virus is found in saliva, so you can catch mono from kissing someone who's infected.You can also get it from drinking from the same glass or using an infected person's toothbrush.It's also found in blood and semen, so it's possible to get mono from sex, a blood transfusion, or an organ transplant.You don't have to be sick to pass the virus to someone else.EBV stays in your body long after you get over mono.The virus can become active again months or years later, making you contagious once more.It's hard to tell whether you have mononucleosis just by your symptoms.Fever, fatigue, and sore throat could also be signs of other illnesses, like the flu or a cold.See your doctor for an exam to learn for sure what's making you sick.He might find signs that you have mono, such as an enlarged spleen, an organ in your belly that filters blood.Your doctor will also check to see if you have a swollen liver and white patches on your tonsils.You may also need to get some blood tests.One test looks for antibodies, substances your immune system makes in response to the EBV virus.Another test looks for a type of white blood cell your body uses to fight off the EBV infection.Like other viruses, Epstein- Barr can't be treated with antibiotics.Mono should clear up on its own without treatment in a few weeks.Although no medicine can cure an EBV infection, you can take these steps at home to ease your symptoms: Get plenty of rest.Drink a lot of water and other liquids to stay hydrated.Suck on lozenges or ice pops, or gargle with warm salt water, to make your sore throat feel better.Take painkillers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to bring down fever and relieve body aches.( Don't give aspirin to children under 19 years of age because of the risk of a rare but serious condition called Reye's syndrome.)Ease back into work or school, taking things slowly until you feel better.For a month or so, avoid sports, heavy lifting, or other vigorous activities in which you could injure your spleen.No vaccine can protect you against the EBV virus.The best way to avoid catching it is to stay away from anyone who has mono.Don't share any items, including glasses, silverware, and toothbrushes, with someone who is infected.Also avoid kissing or having sex with an infected person.There are some rare complications of mono, so see your doctor if you or your child has any of these symptoms: Sudden, sharp pain on the left side of the belly, which could mean a problem with your spleen Very little urine, a sign of dehydration Trouble breathing or swallowing -- call 911 immediately Also call if your symptoms don't go away after 4 to 6 weeks.You could have another type of infection besides mononucleosis.EBV is best known for causing mononucleosis, but less often it can lead to other diseases, including: Ear infections and diarrhea in children Guillain- Barre syndrome Certain cancers, including Burkitt's lymphoma and cancers of the nose and throat Studies also show a link between EBV and multiple sclerosis ( MS), but more research is needed to determine if the virus can lead to MS.

<human>: How do you protect yourself from catching mono? <bot>: No vaccine can protect you against the EBV virus. The best way to avoid catching it is to stay away from anyone who has mono. Don't share any items, including glasses, silverware, and toothbrushes, with someone who is infected. Also avoid kissing or having sex with an infected person.,context:Epstein- Barr is the virus that causes mononucleosis. You might know this disease better by its nickname, "mono." It's also called the "kissing disease" because of one way you can spread it to someone else. Even though Epstein- Barr virus ( EBV) isn't a household name, you've probably been infected without knowing it. Lots of people carry the virus but don't get sick. Once you're infected with EBV, symptoms can take 4 to 6 weeks to show up. When they do, they're often mild, especially in young children. Kids' symptoms may be more like those of a cold or flu. Teens often have more obvious symptoms of mono. If you do get symptoms, most likely you'll have: Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Rash Sore throat Swollen glands in the neck Weakness and sore muscles Although you should start feeling better in 2 to 4 weeks, the fatigue can stick around much longer. You may still feel tired a couple of months later. The virus is found in saliva, so you can catch mono from kissing someone who's infected. You can also get it from drinking from the same glass or using an infected person's toothbrush. It's also found in blood and semen, so it's possible to get mono from sex, a blood transfusion, or an organ transplant. You don't have to be sick to pass the virus to someone else. EBV stays in your body long after you get over mono. The virus can become active again months or years later, making you contagious once more. It's hard to tell whether you have mononucleosis just by your symptoms. Fever, fatigue, and sore throat could also be signs of other illnesses, like the flu or a cold. See your doctor for an exam to learn for sure what's making you sick. He might find signs that you have mono, such as an enlarged spleen, an organ in your belly that filters blood. Your doctor will also check to see if you have a swollen liver and white patches on your tonsils. You may also need to get some blood tests. One test looks for antibodies, substances your immune system makes in response to the EBV virus. Another test looks for a type of white blood cell your body uses to fight off the EBV infection. Like other viruses, Epstein- Barr can't be treated with antibiotics. Mono should clear up on its own without treatment in a few weeks. Although no medicine can cure an EBV infection, you can take these steps at home to ease your symptoms: Get plenty of rest. Drink a lot of water and other liquids to stay hydrated. Suck on lozenges or ice pops, or gargle with warm salt water, to make your sore throat feel better. Take painkillers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to bring down fever and relieve body aches. ( Don't give aspirin to children under 19 years of age because of the risk of a rare but serious condition called Reye's syndrome.) Ease back into work or school, taking things slowly until you feel better. For a month or so, avoid sports, heavy lifting, or other vigorous activities in which you could injure your spleen. No vaccine can protect you against the EBV virus. The best way to avoid catching it is to stay away from anyone who has mono. Don't share any items, including glasses, silverware, and toothbrushes, with someone who is infected. Also avoid kissing or having sex with an infected person. There are some rare complications of mono, so see your doctor if you or your child has any of these symptoms: Sudden, sharp pain on the left side of the belly, which could mean a problem with your spleen Very little urine, a sign of dehydration Trouble breathing or swallowing -- call 911 immediately Also call if your symptoms don't go away after 4 to 6 weeks. You could have another type of infection besides mononucleosis. EBV is best known for causing mononucleosis, but less often it can lead to other diseases, including: Ear infections and diarrhea in children Guillain- Barre syndrome Certain cancers, including Burkitt's lymphoma and cancers of the nose and throat Studies also show a link between EBV and multiple sclerosis ( MS), but more research is needed to determine if the virus can lead to MS.,Epstein- Barr is the virus that causes mononucleosis.You might know this disease better by its nickname, "mono."It's also called the "kissing disease" because of one way you can spread it to someone else.Even though Epstein- Barr virus ( EBV) isn't a household name, you've probably been infected without knowing it.Lots of people carry the virus but don't get sick.Once you're infected with EBV, symptoms can take 4 to 6 weeks to show up.When they do, they're often mild, especially in young children.Kids' symptoms may be more like those of a cold or flu.Teens often have more obvious symptoms of mono.If you do get symptoms, most likely you'll have: Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Rash Sore throat Swollen glands in the neck Weakness and sore muscles Although you should start feeling better in 2 to 4 weeks, the fatigue can stick around much longer.You may still feel tired a couple of months later.The virus is found in saliva, so you can catch mono from kissing someone who's infected.You can also get it from drinking from the same glass or using an infected person's toothbrush.It's also found in blood and semen, so it's possible to get mono from sex, a blood transfusion, or an organ transplant.You don't have to be sick to pass the virus to someone else.EBV stays in your body long after you get over mono.The virus can become active again months or years later, making you contagious once more.It's hard to tell whether you have mononucleosis just by your symptoms.Fever, fatigue, and sore throat could also be signs of other illnesses, like the flu or a cold.See your doctor for an exam to learn for sure what's making you sick.He might find signs that you have mono, such as an enlarged spleen, an organ in your belly that filters blood.Your doctor will also check to see if you have a swollen liver and white patches on your tonsils.You may also need to get some blood tests.One test looks for antibodies, substances your immune system makes in response to the EBV virus.Another test looks for a type of white blood cell your body uses to fight off the EBV infection.Like other viruses, Epstein- Barr can't be treated with antibiotics.Mono should clear up on its own without treatment in a few weeks.Although no medicine can cure an EBV infection, you can take these steps at home to ease your symptoms: Get plenty of rest.Drink a lot of water and other liquids to stay hydrated.Suck on lozenges or ice pops, or gargle with warm salt water, to make your sore throat feel better.Take painkillers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to bring down fever and relieve body aches.( Don't give aspirin to children under 19 years of age because of the risk of a rare but serious condition called Reye's syndrome.)Ease back into work or school, taking things slowly until you feel better.For a month or so, avoid sports, heavy lifting, or other vigorous activities in which you could injure your spleen.No vaccine can protect you against the EBV virus.The best way to avoid catching it is to stay away from anyone who has mono.Don't share any items, including glasses, silverware, and toothbrushes, with someone who is infected.Also avoid kissing or having sex with an infected person.There are some rare complications of mono, so see your doctor if you or your child has any of these symptoms: Sudden, sharp pain on the left side of the belly, which could mean a problem with your spleen Very little urine, a sign of dehydration Trouble breathing or swallowing -- call 911 immediately Also call if your symptoms don't go away after 4 to 6 weeks.You could have another type of infection besides mononucleosis.EBV is best known for causing mononucleosis, but less often it can lead to other diseases, including: Ear infections and diarrhea in children Guillain- Barre syndrome Certain cancers, including Burkitt's lymphoma and cancers of the nose and throat Studies also show a link between EBV and multiple sclerosis ( MS), but more research is needed to determine if the virus can lead to MS.

<human>: How common is Epstein-Barr virus? <bot>: Even though Epstein- Barr virus ( EBV) isn't a household name, you've probably been infected without knowing it. Lots of people carry the virus but don't get sick.,context:Epstein- Barr is the virus that causes mononucleosis. You might know this disease better by its nickname, "mono." It's also called the "kissing disease" because of one way you can spread it to someone else. Even though Epstein- Barr virus ( EBV) isn't a household name, you've probably been infected without knowing it. Lots of people carry the virus but don't get sick. Once you're infected with EBV, symptoms can take 4 to 6 weeks to show up. When they do, they're often mild, especially in young children. Kids' symptoms may be more like those of a cold or flu. Teens often have more obvious symptoms of mono. If you do get symptoms, most likely you'll have: Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Rash Sore throat Swollen glands in the neck Weakness and sore muscles Although you should start feeling better in 2 to 4 weeks, the fatigue can stick around much longer. You may still feel tired a couple of months later. The virus is found in saliva, so you can catch mono from kissing someone who's infected. You can also get it from drinking from the same glass or using an infected person's toothbrush. It's also found in blood and semen, so it's possible to get mono from sex, a blood transfusion, or an organ transplant. You don't have to be sick to pass the virus to someone else. EBV stays in your body long after you get over mono. The virus can become active again months or years later, making you contagious once more. It's hard to tell whether you have mononucleosis just by your symptoms. Fever, fatigue, and sore throat could also be signs of other illnesses, like the flu or a cold. See your doctor for an exam to learn for sure what's making you sick. He might find signs that you have mono, such as an enlarged spleen, an organ in your belly that filters blood. Your doctor will also check to see if you have a swollen liver and white patches on your tonsils. You may also need to get some blood tests. One test looks for antibodies, substances your immune system makes in response to the EBV virus. Another test looks for a type of white blood cell your body uses to fight off the EBV infection. Like other viruses, Epstein- Barr can't be treated with antibiotics. Mono should clear up on its own without treatment in a few weeks. Although no medicine can cure an EBV infection, you can take these steps at home to ease your symptoms: Get plenty of rest. Drink a lot of water and other liquids to stay hydrated. Suck on lozenges or ice pops, or gargle with warm salt water, to make your sore throat feel better. Take painkillers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to bring down fever and relieve body aches. ( Don't give aspirin to children under 19 years of age because of the risk of a rare but serious condition called Reye's syndrome.) Ease back into work or school, taking things slowly until you feel better. For a month or so, avoid sports, heavy lifting, or other vigorous activities in which you could injure your spleen. No vaccine can protect you against the EBV virus. The best way to avoid catching it is to stay away from anyone who has mono. Don't share any items, including glasses, silverware, and toothbrushes, with someone who is infected. Also avoid kissing or having sex with an infected person. There are some rare complications of mono, so see your doctor if you or your child has any of these symptoms: Sudden, sharp pain on the left side of the belly, which could mean a problem with your spleen Very little urine, a sign of dehydration Trouble breathing or swallowing -- call 911 immediately Also call if your symptoms don't go away after 4 to 6 weeks. You could have another type of infection besides mononucleosis. EBV is best known for causing mononucleosis, but less often it can lead to other diseases, including: Ear infections and diarrhea in children Guillain- Barre syndrome Certain cancers, including Burkitt's lymphoma and cancers of the nose and throat Studies also show a link between EBV and multiple sclerosis ( MS), but more research is needed to determine if the virus can lead to MS.,Epstein- Barr is the virus that causes mononucleosis.You might know this disease better by its nickname, "mono."It's also called the "kissing disease" because of one way you can spread it to someone else.Even though Epstein- Barr virus ( EBV) isn't a household name, you've probably been infected without knowing it.Lots of people carry the virus but don't get sick.Once you're infected with EBV, symptoms can take 4 to 6 weeks to show up.When they do, they're often mild, especially in young children.Kids' symptoms may be more like those of a cold or flu.Teens often have more obvious symptoms of mono.If you do get symptoms, most likely you'll have: Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Rash Sore throat Swollen glands in the neck Weakness and sore muscles Although you should start feeling better in 2 to 4 weeks, the fatigue can stick around much longer.You may still feel tired a couple of months later.The virus is found in saliva, so you can catch mono from kissing someone who's infected.You can also get it from drinking from the same glass or using an infected person's toothbrush.It's also found in blood and semen, so it's possible to get mono from sex, a blood transfusion, or an organ transplant.You don't have to be sick to pass the virus to someone else.EBV stays in your body long after you get over mono.The virus can become active again months or years later, making you contagious once more.It's hard to tell whether you have mononucleosis just by your symptoms.Fever, fatigue, and sore throat could also be signs of other illnesses, like the flu or a cold.See your doctor for an exam to learn for sure what's making you sick.He might find signs that you have mono, such as an enlarged spleen, an organ in your belly that filters blood.Your doctor will also check to see if you have a swollen liver and white patches on your tonsils.You may also need to get some blood tests.One test looks for antibodies, substances your immune system makes in response to the EBV virus.Another test looks for a type of white blood cell your body uses to fight off the EBV infection.Like other viruses, Epstein- Barr can't be treated with antibiotics.Mono should clear up on its own without treatment in a few weeks.Although no medicine can cure an EBV infection, you can take these steps at home to ease your symptoms: Get plenty of rest.Drink a lot of water and other liquids to stay hydrated.Suck on lozenges or ice pops, or gargle with warm salt water, to make your sore throat feel better.Take painkillers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to bring down fever and relieve body aches.( Don't give aspirin to children under 19 years of age because of the risk of a rare but serious condition called Reye's syndrome.)Ease back into work or school, taking things slowly until you feel better.For a month or so, avoid sports, heavy lifting, or other vigorous activities in which you could injure your spleen.No vaccine can protect you against the EBV virus.The best way to avoid catching it is to stay away from anyone who has mono.Don't share any items, including glasses, silverware, and toothbrushes, with someone who is infected.Also avoid kissing or having sex with an infected person.There are some rare complications of mono, so see your doctor if you or your child has any of these symptoms: Sudden, sharp pain on the left side of the belly, which could mean a problem with your spleen Very little urine, a sign of dehydration Trouble breathing or swallowing -- call 911 immediately Also call if your symptoms don't go away after 4 to 6 weeks.You could have another type of infection besides mononucleosis.EBV is best known for causing mononucleosis, but less often it can lead to other diseases, including: Ear infections and diarrhea in children Guillain- Barre syndrome Certain cancers, including Burkitt's lymphoma and cancers of the nose and throat Studies also show a link between EBV and multiple sclerosis ( MS), but more research is needed to determine if the virus can lead to MS.

<human>: How does mono, or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), spread? <bot>: The virus is found in saliva, so you can catch mono from kissing someone who's infected. You can also get it from drinking from the same glass or using an infected person's toothbrush. It's also found in blood and semen, so it's possible to get mono from sex, a blood transfusion, or an organ transplant. You don't have to be sick to pass the virus to someone else. EBV stays in your body long after you get over mono. The virus can become active again months or years later, making you contagious once more.,context:Epstein- Barr is the virus that causes mononucleosis. You might know this disease better by its nickname, "mono." It's also called the "kissing disease" because of one way you can spread it to someone else. Even though Epstein- Barr virus ( EBV) isn't a household name, you've probably been infected without knowing it. Lots of people carry the virus but don't get sick. Once you're infected with EBV, symptoms can take 4 to 6 weeks to show up. When they do, they're often mild, especially in young children. Kids' symptoms may be more like those of a cold or flu. Teens often have more obvious symptoms of mono. If you do get symptoms, most likely you'll have: Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Rash Sore throat Swollen glands in the neck Weakness and sore muscles Although you should start feeling better in 2 to 4 weeks, the fatigue can stick around much longer. You may still feel tired a couple of months later. The virus is found in saliva, so you can catch mono from kissing someone who's infected. You can also get it from drinking from the same glass or using an infected person's toothbrush. It's also found in blood and semen, so it's possible to get mono from sex, a blood transfusion, or an organ transplant. You don't have to be sick to pass the virus to someone else. EBV stays in your body long after you get over mono. The virus can become active again months or years later, making you contagious once more. It's hard to tell whether you have mononucleosis just by your symptoms. Fever, fatigue, and sore throat could also be signs of other illnesses, like the flu or a cold. See your doctor for an exam to learn for sure what's making you sick. He might find signs that you have mono, such as an enlarged spleen, an organ in your belly that filters blood. Your doctor will also check to see if you have a swollen liver and white patches on your tonsils. You may also need to get some blood tests. One test looks for antibodies, substances your immune system makes in response to the EBV virus. Another test looks for a type of white blood cell your body uses to fight off the EBV infection. Like other viruses, Epstein- Barr can't be treated with antibiotics. Mono should clear up on its own without treatment in a few weeks. Although no medicine can cure an EBV infection, you can take these steps at home to ease your symptoms: Get plenty of rest. Drink a lot of water and other liquids to stay hydrated. Suck on lozenges or ice pops, or gargle with warm salt water, to make your sore throat feel better. Take painkillers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to bring down fever and relieve body aches. ( Don't give aspirin to children under 19 years of age because of the risk of a rare but serious condition called Reye's syndrome.) Ease back into work or school, taking things slowly until you feel better. For a month or so, avoid sports, heavy lifting, or other vigorous activities in which you could injure your spleen. No vaccine can protect you against the EBV virus. The best way to avoid catching it is to stay away from anyone who has mono. Don't share any items, including glasses, silverware, and toothbrushes, with someone who is infected. Also avoid kissing or having sex with an infected person. There are some rare complications of mono, so see your doctor if you or your child has any of these symptoms: Sudden, sharp pain on the left side of the belly, which could mean a problem with your spleen Very little urine, a sign of dehydration Trouble breathing or swallowing -- call 911 immediately Also call if your symptoms don't go away after 4 to 6 weeks. You could have another type of infection besides mononucleosis. EBV is best known for causing mononucleosis, but less often it can lead to other diseases, including: Ear infections and diarrhea in children Guillain- Barre syndrome Certain cancers, including Burkitt's lymphoma and cancers of the nose and throat Studies also show a link between EBV and multiple sclerosis ( MS), but more research is needed to determine if the virus can lead to MS.,Epstein- Barr is the virus that causes mononucleosis.You might know this disease better by its nickname, "mono."It's also called the "kissing disease" because of one way you can spread it to someone else.Even though Epstein- Barr virus ( EBV) isn't a household name, you've probably been infected without knowing it.Lots of people carry the virus but don't get sick.Once you're infected with EBV, symptoms can take 4 to 6 weeks to show up.When they do, they're often mild, especially in young children.Kids' symptoms may be more like those of a cold or flu.Teens often have more obvious symptoms of mono.If you do get symptoms, most likely you'll have: Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Rash Sore throat Swollen glands in the neck Weakness and sore muscles Although you should start feeling better in 2 to 4 weeks, the fatigue can stick around much longer.You may still feel tired a couple of months later.The virus is found in saliva, so you can catch mono from kissing someone who's infected.You can also get it from drinking from the same glass or using an infected person's toothbrush.It's also found in blood and semen, so it's possible to get mono from sex, a blood transfusion, or an organ transplant.You don't have to be sick to pass the virus to someone else.EBV stays in your body long after you get over mono.The virus can become active again months or years later, making you contagious once more.It's hard to tell whether you have mononucleosis just by your symptoms.Fever, fatigue, and sore throat could also be signs of other illnesses, like the flu or a cold.See your doctor for an exam to learn for sure what's making you sick.He might find signs that you have mono, such as an enlarged spleen, an organ in your belly that filters blood.Your doctor will also check to see if you have a swollen liver and white patches on your tonsils.You may also need to get some blood tests.One test looks for antibodies, substances your immune system makes in response to the EBV virus.Another test looks for a type of white blood cell your body uses to fight off the EBV infection.Like other viruses, Epstein- Barr can't be treated with antibiotics.Mono should clear up on its own without treatment in a few weeks.Although no medicine can cure an EBV infection, you can take these steps at home to ease your symptoms: Get plenty of rest.Drink a lot of water and other liquids to stay hydrated.Suck on lozenges or ice pops, or gargle with warm salt water, to make your sore throat feel better.Take painkillers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to bring down fever and relieve body aches.( Don't give aspirin to children under 19 years of age because of the risk of a rare but serious condition called Reye's syndrome.)Ease back into work or school, taking things slowly until you feel better.For a month or so, avoid sports, heavy lifting, or other vigorous activities in which you could injure your spleen.No vaccine can protect you against the EBV virus.The best way to avoid catching it is to stay away from anyone who has mono.Don't share any items, including glasses, silverware, and toothbrushes, with someone who is infected.Also avoid kissing or having sex with an infected person.There are some rare complications of mono, so see your doctor if you or your child has any of these symptoms: Sudden, sharp pain on the left side of the belly, which could mean a problem with your spleen Very little urine, a sign of dehydration Trouble breathing or swallowing -- call 911 immediately Also call if your symptoms don't go away after 4 to 6 weeks.You could have another type of infection besides mononucleosis.EBV is best known for causing mononucleosis, but less often it can lead to other diseases, including: Ear infections and diarrhea in children Guillain- Barre syndrome Certain cancers, including Burkitt's lymphoma and cancers of the nose and throat Studies also show a link between EBV and multiple sclerosis ( MS), but more research is needed to determine if the virus can lead to MS.

<human>: How is mono diagnosed? <bot>: It's hard to tell whether you have mononucleosis just by your symptoms. Fever, fatigue, and sore throat could also be signs of other illnesses, like the flu or a cold. See your doctor for an exam to learn for sure what's making you sick. He might find signs that you have mono, such as an enlarged spleen, an organ in your belly that filters blood. Your doctor will also check to see if you have a swollen liver and white patches on your tonsils. You may also need to get some blood tests.,context:Epstein- Barr is the virus that causes mononucleosis. You might know this disease better by its nickname, "mono." It's also called the "kissing disease" because of one way you can spread it to someone else. Even though Epstein- Barr virus ( EBV) isn't a household name, you've probably been infected without knowing it. Lots of people carry the virus but don't get sick. Once you're infected with EBV, symptoms can take 4 to 6 weeks to show up. When they do, they're often mild, especially in young children. Kids' symptoms may be more like those of a cold or flu. Teens often have more obvious symptoms of mono. If you do get symptoms, most likely you'll have: Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Rash Sore throat Swollen glands in the neck Weakness and sore muscles Although you should start feeling better in 2 to 4 weeks, the fatigue can stick around much longer. You may still feel tired a couple of months later. The virus is found in saliva, so you can catch mono from kissing someone who's infected. You can also get it from drinking from the same glass or using an infected person's toothbrush. It's also found in blood and semen, so it's possible to get mono from sex, a blood transfusion, or an organ transplant. You don't have to be sick to pass the virus to someone else. EBV stays in your body long after you get over mono. The virus can become active again months or years later, making you contagious once more. It's hard to tell whether you have mononucleosis just by your symptoms. Fever, fatigue, and sore throat could also be signs of other illnesses, like the flu or a cold. See your doctor for an exam to learn for sure what's making you sick. He might find signs that you have mono, such as an enlarged spleen, an organ in your belly that filters blood. Your doctor will also check to see if you have a swollen liver and white patches on your tonsils. You may also need to get some blood tests. One test looks for antibodies, substances your immune system makes in response to the EBV virus. Another test looks for a type of white blood cell your body uses to fight off the EBV infection. Like other viruses, Epstein- Barr can't be treated with antibiotics. Mono should clear up on its own without treatment in a few weeks. Although no medicine can cure an EBV infection, you can take these steps at home to ease your symptoms: Get plenty of rest. Drink a lot of water and other liquids to stay hydrated. Suck on lozenges or ice pops, or gargle with warm salt water, to make your sore throat feel better. Take painkillers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to bring down fever and relieve body aches. ( Don't give aspirin to children under 19 years of age because of the risk of a rare but serious condition called Reye's syndrome.) Ease back into work or school, taking things slowly until you feel better. For a month or so, avoid sports, heavy lifting, or other vigorous activities in which you could injure your spleen. No vaccine can protect you against the EBV virus. The best way to avoid catching it is to stay away from anyone who has mono. Don't share any items, including glasses, silverware, and toothbrushes, with someone who is infected. Also avoid kissing or having sex with an infected person. There are some rare complications of mono, so see your doctor if you or your child has any of these symptoms: Sudden, sharp pain on the left side of the belly, which could mean a problem with your spleen Very little urine, a sign of dehydration Trouble breathing or swallowing -- call 911 immediately Also call if your symptoms don't go away after 4 to 6 weeks. You could have another type of infection besides mononucleosis. EBV is best known for causing mononucleosis, but less often it can lead to other diseases, including: Ear infections and diarrhea in children Guillain- Barre syndrome Certain cancers, including Burkitt's lymphoma and cancers of the nose and throat Studies also show a link between EBV and multiple sclerosis ( MS), but more research is needed to determine if the virus can lead to MS.,Epstein- Barr is the virus that causes mononucleosis.You might know this disease better by its nickname, "mono."It's also called the "kissing disease" because of one way you can spread it to someone else.Even though Epstein- Barr virus ( EBV) isn't a household name, you've probably been infected without knowing it.Lots of people carry the virus but don't get sick.Once you're infected with EBV, symptoms can take 4 to 6 weeks to show up.When they do, they're often mild, especially in young children.Kids' symptoms may be more like those of a cold or flu.Teens often have more obvious symptoms of mono.If you do get symptoms, most likely you'll have: Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Rash Sore throat Swollen glands in the neck Weakness and sore muscles Although you should start feeling better in 2 to 4 weeks, the fatigue can stick around much longer.You may still feel tired a couple of months later.The virus is found in saliva, so you can catch mono from kissing someone who's infected.You can also get it from drinking from the same glass or using an infected person's toothbrush.It's also found in blood and semen, so it's possible to get mono from sex, a blood transfusion, or an organ transplant.You don't have to be sick to pass the virus to someone else.EBV stays in your body long after you get over mono.The virus can become active again months or years later, making you contagious once more.It's hard to tell whether you have mononucleosis just by your symptoms.Fever, fatigue, and sore throat could also be signs of other illnesses, like the flu or a cold.See your doctor for an exam to learn for sure what's making you sick.He might find signs that you have mono, such as an enlarged spleen, an organ in your belly that filters blood.Your doctor will also check to see if you have a swollen liver and white patches on your tonsils.You may also need to get some blood tests.One test looks for antibodies, substances your immune system makes in response to the EBV virus.Another test looks for a type of white blood cell your body uses to fight off the EBV infection.Like other viruses, Epstein- Barr can't be treated with antibiotics.Mono should clear up on its own without treatment in a few weeks.Although no medicine can cure an EBV infection, you can take these steps at home to ease your symptoms: Get plenty of rest.Drink a lot of water and other liquids to stay hydrated.Suck on lozenges or ice pops, or gargle with warm salt water, to make your sore throat feel better.Take painkillers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to bring down fever and relieve body aches.( Don't give aspirin to children under 19 years of age because of the risk of a rare but serious condition called Reye's syndrome.)Ease back into work or school, taking things slowly until you feel better.For a month or so, avoid sports, heavy lifting, or other vigorous activities in which you could injure your spleen.No vaccine can protect you against the EBV virus.The best way to avoid catching it is to stay away from anyone who has mono.Don't share any items, including glasses, silverware, and toothbrushes, with someone who is infected.Also avoid kissing or having sex with an infected person.There are some rare complications of mono, so see your doctor if you or your child has any of these symptoms: Sudden, sharp pain on the left side of the belly, which could mean a problem with your spleen Very little urine, a sign of dehydration Trouble breathing or swallowing -- call 911 immediately Also call if your symptoms don't go away after 4 to 6 weeks.You could have another type of infection besides mononucleosis.EBV is best known for causing mononucleosis, but less often it can lead to other diseases, including: Ear infections and diarrhea in children Guillain- Barre syndrome Certain cancers, including Burkitt's lymphoma and cancers of the nose and throat Studies also show a link between EBV and multiple sclerosis ( MS), but more research is needed to determine if the virus can lead to MS.

<human>: What are symptoms of Epstein-Barr virus infection? <bot>: If you do get symptoms, most likely you'll have: Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Rash Sore throat Swollen glands in the neck Weakness and sore muscles Although you should start feeling better in 2 to 4 weeks, the fatigue can stick around much longer.,context:Epstein- Barr is the virus that causes mononucleosis. You might know this disease better by its nickname, "mono." It's also called the "kissing disease" because of one way you can spread it to someone else. Even though Epstein- Barr virus ( EBV) isn't a household name, you've probably been infected without knowing it. Lots of people carry the virus but don't get sick. Once you're infected with EBV, symptoms can take 4 to 6 weeks to show up. When they do, they're often mild, especially in young children. Kids' symptoms may be more like those of a cold or flu. Teens often have more obvious symptoms of mono. If you do get symptoms, most likely you'll have: Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Rash Sore throat Swollen glands in the neck Weakness and sore muscles Although you should start feeling better in 2 to 4 weeks, the fatigue can stick around much longer. You may still feel tired a couple of months later. The virus is found in saliva, so you can catch mono from kissing someone who's infected. You can also get it from drinking from the same glass or using an infected person's toothbrush. It's also found in blood and semen, so it's possible to get mono from sex, a blood transfusion, or an organ transplant. You don't have to be sick to pass the virus to someone else. EBV stays in your body long after you get over mono. The virus can become active again months or years later, making you contagious once more. It's hard to tell whether you have mononucleosis just by your symptoms. Fever, fatigue, and sore throat could also be signs of other illnesses, like the flu or a cold. See your doctor for an exam to learn for sure what's making you sick. He might find signs that you have mono, such as an enlarged spleen, an organ in your belly that filters blood. Your doctor will also check to see if you have a swollen liver and white patches on your tonsils. You may also need to get some blood tests. One test looks for antibodies, substances your immune system makes in response to the EBV virus. Another test looks for a type of white blood cell your body uses to fight off the EBV infection. Like other viruses, Epstein- Barr can't be treated with antibiotics. Mono should clear up on its own without treatment in a few weeks. Although no medicine can cure an EBV infection, you can take these steps at home to ease your symptoms: Get plenty of rest. Drink a lot of water and other liquids to stay hydrated. Suck on lozenges or ice pops, or gargle with warm salt water, to make your sore throat feel better. Take painkillers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to bring down fever and relieve body aches. ( Don't give aspirin to children under 19 years of age because of the risk of a rare but serious condition called Reye's syndrome.) Ease back into work or school, taking things slowly until you feel better. For a month or so, avoid sports, heavy lifting, or other vigorous activities in which you could injure your spleen. No vaccine can protect you against the EBV virus. The best way to avoid catching it is to stay away from anyone who has mono. Don't share any items, including glasses, silverware, and toothbrushes, with someone who is infected. Also avoid kissing or having sex with an infected person. There are some rare complications of mono, so see your doctor if you or your child has any of these symptoms: Sudden, sharp pain on the left side of the belly, which could mean a problem with your spleen Very little urine, a sign of dehydration Trouble breathing or swallowing -- call 911 immediately Also call if your symptoms don't go away after 4 to 6 weeks. You could have another type of infection besides mononucleosis. EBV is best known for causing mononucleosis, but less often it can lead to other diseases, including: Ear infections and diarrhea in children Guillain- Barre syndrome Certain cancers, including Burkitt's lymphoma and cancers of the nose and throat Studies also show a link between EBV and multiple sclerosis ( MS), but more research is needed to determine if the virus can lead to MS.,Epstein- Barr is the virus that causes mononucleosis.You might know this disease better by its nickname, "mono."It's also called the "kissing disease" because of one way you can spread it to someone else.Even though Epstein- Barr virus ( EBV) isn't a household name, you've probably been infected without knowing it.Lots of people carry the virus but don't get sick.Once you're infected with EBV, symptoms can take 4 to 6 weeks to show up.When they do, they're often mild, especially in young children.Kids' symptoms may be more like those of a cold or flu.Teens often have more obvious symptoms of mono.If you do get symptoms, most likely you'll have: Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Rash Sore throat Swollen glands in the neck Weakness and sore muscles Although you should start feeling better in 2 to 4 weeks, the fatigue can stick around much longer.You may still feel tired a couple of months later.The virus is found in saliva, so you can catch mono from kissing someone who's infected.You can also get it from drinking from the same glass or using an infected person's toothbrush.It's also found in blood and semen, so it's possible to get mono from sex, a blood transfusion, or an organ transplant.You don't have to be sick to pass the virus to someone else.EBV stays in your body long after you get over mono.The virus can become active again months or years later, making you contagious once more.It's hard to tell whether you have mononucleosis just by your symptoms.Fever, fatigue, and sore throat could also be signs of other illnesses, like the flu or a cold.See your doctor for an exam to learn for sure what's making you sick.He might find signs that you have mono, such as an enlarged spleen, an organ in your belly that filters blood.Your doctor will also check to see if you have a swollen liver and white patches on your tonsils.You may also need to get some blood tests.One test looks for antibodies, substances your immune system makes in response to the EBV virus.Another test looks for a type of white blood cell your body uses to fight off the EBV infection.Like other viruses, Epstein- Barr can't be treated with antibiotics.Mono should clear up on its own without treatment in a few weeks.Although no medicine can cure an EBV infection, you can take these steps at home to ease your symptoms: Get plenty of rest.Drink a lot of water and other liquids to stay hydrated.Suck on lozenges or ice pops, or gargle with warm salt water, to make your sore throat feel better.Take painkillers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to bring down fever and relieve body aches.( Don't give aspirin to children under 19 years of age because of the risk of a rare but serious condition called Reye's syndrome.)Ease back into work or school, taking things slowly until you feel better.For a month or so, avoid sports, heavy lifting, or other vigorous activities in which you could injure your spleen.No vaccine can protect you against the EBV virus.The best way to avoid catching it is to stay away from anyone who has mono.Don't share any items, including glasses, silverware, and toothbrushes, with someone who is infected.Also avoid kissing or having sex with an infected person.There are some rare complications of mono, so see your doctor if you or your child has any of these symptoms: Sudden, sharp pain on the left side of the belly, which could mean a problem with your spleen Very little urine, a sign of dehydration Trouble breathing or swallowing -- call 911 immediately Also call if your symptoms don't go away after 4 to 6 weeks.You could have another type of infection besides mononucleosis.EBV is best known for causing mononucleosis, but less often it can lead to other diseases, including: Ear infections and diarrhea in children Guillain- Barre syndrome Certain cancers, including Burkitt's lymphoma and cancers of the nose and throat Studies also show a link between EBV and multiple sclerosis ( MS), but more research is needed to determine if the virus can lead to MS.

<human>: How does the Epstein-Barr virus spread? <bot>: The virus is found in saliva, so you can catch mono from kissing someone who's infected. You can also get it from drinking from the same glass or using an infected person's toothbrush. It's also found in blood and semen, so it's possible to get mono from sex, a blood transfusion, or an organ transplant. You don't have to be sick to pass the virus to someone else. EBV stays in your body long after you get over mono. The virus can become active again months or years later, making you contagious once more.,context:Epstein- Barr is the virus that causes mononucleosis. You might know this disease better by its nickname, "mono." It's also called the "kissing disease" because of one way you can spread it to someone else. Even though Epstein- Barr virus ( EBV) isn't a household name, you've probably been infected without knowing it. Lots of people carry the virus but don't get sick. Once you're infected with EBV, symptoms can take 4 to 6 weeks to show up. When they do, they're often mild, especially in young children. Kids' symptoms may be more like those of a cold or flu. Teens often have more obvious symptoms of mono. If you do get symptoms, most likely you'll have: Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Rash Sore throat Swollen glands in the neck Weakness and sore muscles Although you should start feeling better in 2 to 4 weeks, the fatigue can stick around much longer. You may still feel tired a couple of months later. The virus is found in saliva, so you can catch mono from kissing someone who's infected. You can also get it from drinking from the same glass or using an infected person's toothbrush. It's also found in blood and semen, so it's possible to get mono from sex, a blood transfusion, or an organ transplant. You don't have to be sick to pass the virus to someone else. EBV stays in your body long after you get over mono. The virus can become active again months or years later, making you contagious once more. It's hard to tell whether you have mononucleosis just by your symptoms. Fever, fatigue, and sore throat could also be signs of other illnesses, like the flu or a cold. See your doctor for an exam to learn for sure what's making you sick. He might find signs that you have mono, such as an enlarged spleen, an organ in your belly that filters blood. Your doctor will also check to see if you have a swollen liver and white patches on your tonsils. You may also need to get some blood tests. One test looks for antibodies, substances your immune system makes in response to the EBV virus. Another test looks for a type of white blood cell your body uses to fight off the EBV infection. Like other viruses, Epstein- Barr can't be treated with antibiotics. Mono should clear up on its own without treatment in a few weeks. Although no medicine can cure an EBV infection, you can take these steps at home to ease your symptoms: Get plenty of rest. Drink a lot of water and other liquids to stay hydrated. Suck on lozenges or ice pops, or gargle with warm salt water, to make your sore throat feel better. Take painkillers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to bring down fever and relieve body aches. ( Don't give aspirin to children under 19 years of age because of the risk of a rare but serious condition called Reye's syndrome.) Ease back into work or school, taking things slowly until you feel better. For a month or so, avoid sports, heavy lifting, or other vigorous activities in which you could injure your spleen. No vaccine can protect you against the EBV virus. The best way to avoid catching it is to stay away from anyone who has mono. Don't share any items, including glasses, silverware, and toothbrushes, with someone who is infected. Also avoid kissing or having sex with an infected person. There are some rare complications of mono, so see your doctor if you or your child has any of these symptoms: Sudden, sharp pain on the left side of the belly, which could mean a problem with your spleen Very little urine, a sign of dehydration Trouble breathing or swallowing -- call 911 immediately Also call if your symptoms don't go away after 4 to 6 weeks. You could have another type of infection besides mononucleosis. EBV is best known for causing mononucleosis, but less often it can lead to other diseases, including: Ear infections and diarrhea in children Guillain- Barre syndrome Certain cancers, including Burkitt's lymphoma and cancers of the nose and throat Studies also show a link between EBV and multiple sclerosis ( MS), but more research is needed to determine if the virus can lead to MS.,Epstein- Barr is the virus that causes mononucleosis.You might know this disease better by its nickname, "mono."It's also called the "kissing disease" because of one way you can spread it to someone else.Even though Epstein- Barr virus ( EBV) isn't a household name, you've probably been infected without knowing it.Lots of people carry the virus but don't get sick.Once you're infected with EBV, symptoms can take 4 to 6 weeks to show up.When they do, they're often mild, especially in young children.Kids' symptoms may be more like those of a cold or flu.Teens often have more obvious symptoms of mono.If you do get symptoms, most likely you'll have: Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Rash Sore throat Swollen glands in the neck Weakness and sore muscles Although you should start feeling better in 2 to 4 weeks, the fatigue can stick around much longer.You may still feel tired a couple of months later.The virus is found in saliva, so you can catch mono from kissing someone who's infected.You can also get it from drinking from the same glass or using an infected person's toothbrush.It's also found in blood and semen, so it's possible to get mono from sex, a blood transfusion, or an organ transplant.You don't have to be sick to pass the virus to someone else.EBV stays in your body long after you get over mono.The virus can become active again months or years later, making you contagious once more.It's hard to tell whether you have mononucleosis just by your symptoms.Fever, fatigue, and sore throat could also be signs of other illnesses, like the flu or a cold.See your doctor for an exam to learn for sure what's making you sick.He might find signs that you have mono, such as an enlarged spleen, an organ in your belly that filters blood.Your doctor will also check to see if you have a swollen liver and white patches on your tonsils.You may also need to get some blood tests.One test looks for antibodies, substances your immune system makes in response to the EBV virus.Another test looks for a type of white blood cell your body uses to fight off the EBV infection.Like other viruses, Epstein- Barr can't be treated with antibiotics.Mono should clear up on its own without treatment in a few weeks.Although no medicine can cure an EBV infection, you can take these steps at home to ease your symptoms: Get plenty of rest.Drink a lot of water and other liquids to stay hydrated.Suck on lozenges or ice pops, or gargle with warm salt water, to make your sore throat feel better.Take painkillers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to bring down fever and relieve body aches.( Don't give aspirin to children under 19 years of age because of the risk of a rare but serious condition called Reye's syndrome.)Ease back into work or school, taking things slowly until you feel better.For a month or so, avoid sports, heavy lifting, or other vigorous activities in which you could injure your spleen.No vaccine can protect you against the EBV virus.The best way to avoid catching it is to stay away from anyone who has mono.Don't share any items, including glasses, silverware, and toothbrushes, with someone who is infected.Also avoid kissing or having sex with an infected person.There are some rare complications of mono, so see your doctor if you or your child has any of these symptoms: Sudden, sharp pain on the left side of the belly, which could mean a problem with your spleen Very little urine, a sign of dehydration Trouble breathing or swallowing -- call 911 immediately Also call if your symptoms don't go away after 4 to 6 weeks.You could have another type of infection besides mononucleosis.EBV is best known for causing mononucleosis, but less often it can lead to other diseases, including: Ear infections and diarrhea in children Guillain- Barre syndrome Certain cancers, including Burkitt's lymphoma and cancers of the nose and throat Studies also show a link between EBV and multiple sclerosis ( MS), but more research is needed to determine if the virus can lead to MS.

<human>: What are the symptoms of mono? <bot>: Once you're infected with EBV, symptoms can take 4 to 6 weeks to show up. When they do, they're often mild, especially in young children. Kids' symptoms may be more like those of a cold or flu. Teens often have more obvious symptoms of mono. If you do get symptoms, most likely you'll have: Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Rash Sore throat Swollen glands in the neck Weakness and sore muscles Although you should start feeling better in 2 to 4 weeks, the fatigue can stick around much longer. You may still feel tired a couple of months later.,context:Epstein- Barr is the virus that causes mononucleosis. You might know this disease better by its nickname, "mono." It's also called the "kissing disease" because of one way you can spread it to someone else. Even though Epstein- Barr virus ( EBV) isn't a household name, you've probably been infected without knowing it. Lots of people carry the virus but don't get sick. Once you're infected with EBV, symptoms can take 4 to 6 weeks to show up. When they do, they're often mild, especially in young children. Kids' symptoms may be more like those of a cold or flu. Teens often have more obvious symptoms of mono. If you do get symptoms, most likely you'll have: Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Rash Sore throat Swollen glands in the neck Weakness and sore muscles Although you should start feeling better in 2 to 4 weeks, the fatigue can stick around much longer. You may still feel tired a couple of months later. The virus is found in saliva, so you can catch mono from kissing someone who's infected. You can also get it from drinking from the same glass or using an infected person's toothbrush. It's also found in blood and semen, so it's possible to get mono from sex, a blood transfusion, or an organ transplant. You don't have to be sick to pass the virus to someone else. EBV stays in your body long after you get over mono. The virus can become active again months or years later, making you contagious once more. It's hard to tell whether you have mononucleosis just by your symptoms. Fever, fatigue, and sore throat could also be signs of other illnesses, like the flu or a cold. See your doctor for an exam to learn for sure what's making you sick. He might find signs that you have mono, such as an enlarged spleen, an organ in your belly that filters blood. Your doctor will also check to see if you have a swollen liver and white patches on your tonsils. You may also need to get some blood tests. One test looks for antibodies, substances your immune system makes in response to the EBV virus. Another test looks for a type of white blood cell your body uses to fight off the EBV infection. Like other viruses, Epstein- Barr can't be treated with antibiotics. Mono should clear up on its own without treatment in a few weeks. Although no medicine can cure an EBV infection, you can take these steps at home to ease your symptoms: Get plenty of rest. Drink a lot of water and other liquids to stay hydrated. Suck on lozenges or ice pops, or gargle with warm salt water, to make your sore throat feel better. Take painkillers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to bring down fever and relieve body aches. ( Don't give aspirin to children under 19 years of age because of the risk of a rare but serious condition called Reye's syndrome.) Ease back into work or school, taking things slowly until you feel better. For a month or so, avoid sports, heavy lifting, or other vigorous activities in which you could injure your spleen. No vaccine can protect you against the EBV virus. The best way to avoid catching it is to stay away from anyone who has mono. Don't share any items, including glasses, silverware, and toothbrushes, with someone who is infected. Also avoid kissing or having sex with an infected person. There are some rare complications of mono, so see your doctor if you or your child has any of these symptoms: Sudden, sharp pain on the left side of the belly, which could mean a problem with your spleen Very little urine, a sign of dehydration Trouble breathing or swallowing -- call 911 immediately Also call if your symptoms don't go away after 4 to 6 weeks. You could have another type of infection besides mononucleosis. EBV is best known for causing mononucleosis, but less often it can lead to other diseases, including: Ear infections and diarrhea in children Guillain- Barre syndrome Certain cancers, including Burkitt's lymphoma and cancers of the nose and throat Studies also show a link between EBV and multiple sclerosis ( MS), but more research is needed to determine if the virus can lead to MS.,Epstein- Barr is the virus that causes mononucleosis.You might know this disease better by its nickname, "mono."It's also called the "kissing disease" because of one way you can spread it to someone else.Even though Epstein- Barr virus ( EBV) isn't a household name, you've probably been infected without knowing it.Lots of people carry the virus but don't get sick.Once you're infected with EBV, symptoms can take 4 to 6 weeks to show up.When they do, they're often mild, especially in young children.Kids' symptoms may be more like those of a cold or flu.Teens often have more obvious symptoms of mono.If you do get symptoms, most likely you'll have: Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Rash Sore throat Swollen glands in the neck Weakness and sore muscles Although you should start feeling better in 2 to 4 weeks, the fatigue can stick around much longer.You may still feel tired a couple of months later.The virus is found in saliva, so you can catch mono from kissing someone who's infected.You can also get it from drinking from the same glass or using an infected person's toothbrush.It's also found in blood and semen, so it's possible to get mono from sex, a blood transfusion, or an organ transplant.You don't have to be sick to pass the virus to someone else.EBV stays in your body long after you get over mono.The virus can become active again months or years later, making you contagious once more.It's hard to tell whether you have mononucleosis just by your symptoms.Fever, fatigue, and sore throat could also be signs of other illnesses, like the flu or a cold.See your doctor for an exam to learn for sure what's making you sick.He might find signs that you have mono, such as an enlarged spleen, an organ in your belly that filters blood.Your doctor will also check to see if you have a swollen liver and white patches on your tonsils.You may also need to get some blood tests.One test looks for antibodies, substances your immune system makes in response to the EBV virus.Another test looks for a type of white blood cell your body uses to fight off the EBV infection.Like other viruses, Epstein- Barr can't be treated with antibiotics.Mono should clear up on its own without treatment in a few weeks.Although no medicine can cure an EBV infection, you can take these steps at home to ease your symptoms: Get plenty of rest.Drink a lot of water and other liquids to stay hydrated.Suck on lozenges or ice pops, or gargle with warm salt water, to make your sore throat feel better.Take painkillers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to bring down fever and relieve body aches.( Don't give aspirin to children under 19 years of age because of the risk of a rare but serious condition called Reye's syndrome.)Ease back into work or school, taking things slowly until you feel better.For a month or so, avoid sports, heavy lifting, or other vigorous activities in which you could injure your spleen.No vaccine can protect you against the EBV virus.The best way to avoid catching it is to stay away from anyone who has mono.Don't share any items, including glasses, silverware, and toothbrushes, with someone who is infected.Also avoid kissing or having sex with an infected person.There are some rare complications of mono, so see your doctor if you or your child has any of these symptoms: Sudden, sharp pain on the left side of the belly, which could mean a problem with your spleen Very little urine, a sign of dehydration Trouble breathing or swallowing -- call 911 immediately Also call if your symptoms don't go away after 4 to 6 weeks.You could have another type of infection besides mononucleosis.EBV is best known for causing mononucleosis, but less often it can lead to other diseases, including: Ear infections and diarrhea in children Guillain- Barre syndrome Certain cancers, including Burkitt's lymphoma and cancers of the nose and throat Studies also show a link between EBV and multiple sclerosis ( MS), but more research is needed to determine if the virus can lead to MS.

<human>: What are other disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus? <bot>: EBV is best known for causing mononucleosis, but less often it can lead to other diseases, including: Ear infections and diarrhea in children Guillain- Barre syndrome Certain cancers, including Burkitt's lymphoma and cancers of the nose and throat Studies also show a link between EBV and multiple sclerosis ( MS), but more research is needed to determine if the virus can lead to MS.,context:Epstein- Barr is the virus that causes mononucleosis. You might know this disease better by its nickname, "mono." It's also called the "kissing disease" because of one way you can spread it to someone else. Even though Epstein- Barr virus ( EBV) isn't a household name, you've probably been infected without knowing it. Lots of people carry the virus but don't get sick. Once you're infected with EBV, symptoms can take 4 to 6 weeks to show up. When they do, they're often mild, especially in young children. Kids' symptoms may be more like those of a cold or flu. Teens often have more obvious symptoms of mono. If you do get symptoms, most likely you'll have: Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Rash Sore throat Swollen glands in the neck Weakness and sore muscles Although you should start feeling better in 2 to 4 weeks, the fatigue can stick around much longer. You may still feel tired a couple of months later. The virus is found in saliva, so you can catch mono from kissing someone who's infected. You can also get it from drinking from the same glass or using an infected person's toothbrush. It's also found in blood and semen, so it's possible to get mono from sex, a blood transfusion, or an organ transplant. You don't have to be sick to pass the virus to someone else. EBV stays in your body long after you get over mono. The virus can become active again months or years later, making you contagious once more. It's hard to tell whether you have mononucleosis just by your symptoms. Fever, fatigue, and sore throat could also be signs of other illnesses, like the flu or a cold. See your doctor for an exam to learn for sure what's making you sick. He might find signs that you have mono, such as an enlarged spleen, an organ in your belly that filters blood. Your doctor will also check to see if you have a swollen liver and white patches on your tonsils. You may also need to get some blood tests. One test looks for antibodies, substances your immune system makes in response to the EBV virus. Another test looks for a type of white blood cell your body uses to fight off the EBV infection. Like other viruses, Epstein- Barr can't be treated with antibiotics. Mono should clear up on its own without treatment in a few weeks. Although no medicine can cure an EBV infection, you can take these steps at home to ease your symptoms: Get plenty of rest. Drink a lot of water and other liquids to stay hydrated. Suck on lozenges or ice pops, or gargle with warm salt water, to make your sore throat feel better. Take painkillers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to bring down fever and relieve body aches. ( Don't give aspirin to children under 19 years of age because of the risk of a rare but serious condition called Reye's syndrome.) Ease back into work or school, taking things slowly until you feel better. For a month or so, avoid sports, heavy lifting, or other vigorous activities in which you could injure your spleen. No vaccine can protect you against the EBV virus. The best way to avoid catching it is to stay away from anyone who has mono. Don't share any items, including glasses, silverware, and toothbrushes, with someone who is infected. Also avoid kissing or having sex with an infected person. There are some rare complications of mono, so see your doctor if you or your child has any of these symptoms: Sudden, sharp pain on the left side of the belly, which could mean a problem with your spleen Very little urine, a sign of dehydration Trouble breathing or swallowing -- call 911 immediately Also call if your symptoms don't go away after 4 to 6 weeks. You could have another type of infection besides mononucleosis. EBV is best known for causing mononucleosis, but less often it can lead to other diseases, including: Ear infections and diarrhea in children Guillain- Barre syndrome Certain cancers, including Burkitt's lymphoma and cancers of the nose and throat Studies also show a link between EBV and multiple sclerosis ( MS), but more research is needed to determine if the virus can lead to MS.,Epstein- Barr is the virus that causes mononucleosis.You might know this disease better by its nickname, "mono."It's also called the "kissing disease" because of one way you can spread it to someone else.Even though Epstein- Barr virus ( EBV) isn't a household name, you've probably been infected without knowing it.Lots of people carry the virus but don't get sick.Once you're infected with EBV, symptoms can take 4 to 6 weeks to show up.When they do, they're often mild, especially in young children.Kids' symptoms may be more like those of a cold or flu.Teens often have more obvious symptoms of mono.If you do get symptoms, most likely you'll have: Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Rash Sore throat Swollen glands in the neck Weakness and sore muscles Although you should start feeling better in 2 to 4 weeks, the fatigue can stick around much longer.You may still feel tired a couple of months later.The virus is found in saliva, so you can catch mono from kissing someone who's infected.You can also get it from drinking from the same glass or using an infected person's toothbrush.It's also found in blood and semen, so it's possible to get mono from sex, a blood transfusion, or an organ transplant.You don't have to be sick to pass the virus to someone else.EBV stays in your body long after you get over mono.The virus can become active again months or years later, making you contagious once more.It's hard to tell whether you have mononucleosis just by your symptoms.Fever, fatigue, and sore throat could also be signs of other illnesses, like the flu or a cold.See your doctor for an exam to learn for sure what's making you sick.He might find signs that you have mono, such as an enlarged spleen, an organ in your belly that filters blood.Your doctor will also check to see if you have a swollen liver and white patches on your tonsils.You may also need to get some blood tests.One test looks for antibodies, substances your immune system makes in response to the EBV virus.Another test looks for a type of white blood cell your body uses to fight off the EBV infection.Like other viruses, Epstein- Barr can't be treated with antibiotics.Mono should clear up on its own without treatment in a few weeks.Although no medicine can cure an EBV infection, you can take these steps at home to ease your symptoms: Get plenty of rest.Drink a lot of water and other liquids to stay hydrated.Suck on lozenges or ice pops, or gargle with warm salt water, to make your sore throat feel better.Take painkillers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to bring down fever and relieve body aches.( Don't give aspirin to children under 19 years of age because of the risk of a rare but serious condition called Reye's syndrome.)Ease back into work or school, taking things slowly until you feel better.For a month or so, avoid sports, heavy lifting, or other vigorous activities in which you could injure your spleen.No vaccine can protect you against the EBV virus.The best way to avoid catching it is to stay away from anyone who has mono.Don't share any items, including glasses, silverware, and toothbrushes, with someone who is infected.Also avoid kissing or having sex with an infected person.There are some rare complications of mono, so see your doctor if you or your child has any of these symptoms: Sudden, sharp pain on the left side of the belly, which could mean a problem with your spleen Very little urine, a sign of dehydration Trouble breathing or swallowing -- call 911 immediately Also call if your symptoms don't go away after 4 to 6 weeks.You could have another type of infection besides mononucleosis.EBV is best known for causing mononucleosis, but less often it can lead to other diseases, including: Ear infections and diarrhea in children Guillain- Barre syndrome Certain cancers, including Burkitt's lymphoma and cancers of the nose and throat Studies also show a link between EBV and multiple sclerosis ( MS), but more research is needed to determine if the virus can lead to MS.

<human>: How long does it take to recover from an Epstein-Barr virus infection? <bot>: If you do get symptoms, most likely you'll have: Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Rash Sore throat Swollen glands in the neck Weakness and sore muscles Although you should start feeling better in 2 to 4 weeks, the fatigue can stick around much longer. You may still feel tired a couple of months later.,context:Epstein- Barr is the virus that causes mononucleosis. You might know this disease better by its nickname, "mono." It's also called the "kissing disease" because of one way you can spread it to someone else. Even though Epstein- Barr virus ( EBV) isn't a household name, you've probably been infected without knowing it. Lots of people carry the virus but don't get sick. Once you're infected with EBV, symptoms can take 4 to 6 weeks to show up. When they do, they're often mild, especially in young children. Kids' symptoms may be more like those of a cold or flu. Teens often have more obvious symptoms of mono. If you do get symptoms, most likely you'll have: Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Rash Sore throat Swollen glands in the neck Weakness and sore muscles Although you should start feeling better in 2 to 4 weeks, the fatigue can stick around much longer. You may still feel tired a couple of months later. The virus is found in saliva, so you can catch mono from kissing someone who's infected. You can also get it from drinking from the same glass or using an infected person's toothbrush. It's also found in blood and semen, so it's possible to get mono from sex, a blood transfusion, or an organ transplant. You don't have to be sick to pass the virus to someone else. EBV stays in your body long after you get over mono. The virus can become active again months or years later, making you contagious once more. It's hard to tell whether you have mononucleosis just by your symptoms. Fever, fatigue, and sore throat could also be signs of other illnesses, like the flu or a cold. See your doctor for an exam to learn for sure what's making you sick. He might find signs that you have mono, such as an enlarged spleen, an organ in your belly that filters blood. Your doctor will also check to see if you have a swollen liver and white patches on your tonsils. You may also need to get some blood tests. One test looks for antibodies, substances your immune system makes in response to the EBV virus. Another test looks for a type of white blood cell your body uses to fight off the EBV infection. Like other viruses, Epstein- Barr can't be treated with antibiotics. Mono should clear up on its own without treatment in a few weeks. Although no medicine can cure an EBV infection, you can take these steps at home to ease your symptoms: Get plenty of rest. Drink a lot of water and other liquids to stay hydrated. Suck on lozenges or ice pops, or gargle with warm salt water, to make your sore throat feel better. Take painkillers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to bring down fever and relieve body aches. ( Don't give aspirin to children under 19 years of age because of the risk of a rare but serious condition called Reye's syndrome.) Ease back into work or school, taking things slowly until you feel better. For a month or so, avoid sports, heavy lifting, or other vigorous activities in which you could injure your spleen. No vaccine can protect you against the EBV virus. The best way to avoid catching it is to stay away from anyone who has mono. Don't share any items, including glasses, silverware, and toothbrushes, with someone who is infected. Also avoid kissing or having sex with an infected person. There are some rare complications of mono, so see your doctor if you or your child has any of these symptoms: Sudden, sharp pain on the left side of the belly, which could mean a problem with your spleen Very little urine, a sign of dehydration Trouble breathing or swallowing -- call 911 immediately Also call if your symptoms don't go away after 4 to 6 weeks. You could have another type of infection besides mononucleosis. EBV is best known for causing mononucleosis, but less often it can lead to other diseases, including: Ear infections and diarrhea in children Guillain- Barre syndrome Certain cancers, including Burkitt's lymphoma and cancers of the nose and throat Studies also show a link between EBV and multiple sclerosis ( MS), but more research is needed to determine if the virus can lead to MS.,Epstein- Barr is the virus that causes mononucleosis.You might know this disease better by its nickname, "mono."It's also called the "kissing disease" because of one way you can spread it to someone else.Even though Epstein- Barr virus ( EBV) isn't a household name, you've probably been infected without knowing it.Lots of people carry the virus but don't get sick.Once you're infected with EBV, symptoms can take 4 to 6 weeks to show up.When they do, they're often mild, especially in young children.Kids' symptoms may be more like those of a cold or flu.Teens often have more obvious symptoms of mono.If you do get symptoms, most likely you'll have: Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Rash Sore throat Swollen glands in the neck Weakness and sore muscles Although you should start feeling better in 2 to 4 weeks, the fatigue can stick around much longer.You may still feel tired a couple of months later.The virus is found in saliva, so you can catch mono from kissing someone who's infected.You can also get it from drinking from the same glass or using an infected person's toothbrush.It's also found in blood and semen, so it's possible to get mono from sex, a blood transfusion, or an organ transplant.You don't have to be sick to pass the virus to someone else.EBV stays in your body long after you get over mono.The virus can become active again months or years later, making you contagious once more.It's hard to tell whether you have mononucleosis just by your symptoms.Fever, fatigue, and sore throat could also be signs of other illnesses, like the flu or a cold.See your doctor for an exam to learn for sure what's making you sick.He might find signs that you have mono, such as an enlarged spleen, an organ in your belly that filters blood.Your doctor will also check to see if you have a swollen liver and white patches on your tonsils.You may also need to get some blood tests.One test looks for antibodies, substances your immune system makes in response to the EBV virus.Another test looks for a type of white blood cell your body uses to fight off the EBV infection.Like other viruses, Epstein- Barr can't be treated with antibiotics.Mono should clear up on its own without treatment in a few weeks.Although no medicine can cure an EBV infection, you can take these steps at home to ease your symptoms: Get plenty of rest.Drink a lot of water and other liquids to stay hydrated.Suck on lozenges or ice pops, or gargle with warm salt water, to make your sore throat feel better.Take painkillers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to bring down fever and relieve body aches.( Don't give aspirin to children under 19 years of age because of the risk of a rare but serious condition called Reye's syndrome.)Ease back into work or school, taking things slowly until you feel better.For a month or so, avoid sports, heavy lifting, or other vigorous activities in which you could injure your spleen.No vaccine can protect you against the EBV virus.The best way to avoid catching it is to stay away from anyone who has mono.Don't share any items, including glasses, silverware, and toothbrushes, with someone who is infected.Also avoid kissing or having sex with an infected person.There are some rare complications of mono, so see your doctor if you or your child has any of these symptoms: Sudden, sharp pain on the left side of the belly, which could mean a problem with your spleen Very little urine, a sign of dehydration Trouble breathing or swallowing -- call 911 immediately Also call if your symptoms don't go away after 4 to 6 weeks.You could have another type of infection besides mononucleosis.EBV is best known for causing mononucleosis, but less often it can lead to other diseases, including: Ear infections and diarrhea in children Guillain- Barre syndrome Certain cancers, including Burkitt's lymphoma and cancers of the nose and throat Studies also show a link between EBV and multiple sclerosis ( MS), but more research is needed to determine if the virus can lead to MS.

<human>: What is the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)? <bot>: You might know this disease better by its nickname, "mono." It's also called the "kissing disease" because of one way you can spread it to someone else. Even though Epstein- Barr virus ( EBV) isn't a household name, you've probably been infected without knowing it. Lots of people carry the virus but don't get sick. Like other viruses, Epstein- Barr can't be treated with antibiotics.,context:Epstein- Barr is the virus that causes mononucleosis. You might know this disease better by its nickname, "mono." It's also called the "kissing disease" because of one way you can spread it to someone else. Even though Epstein- Barr virus ( EBV) isn't a household name, you've probably been infected without knowing it. Lots of people carry the virus but don't get sick. Once you're infected with EBV, symptoms can take 4 to 6 weeks to show up. When they do, they're often mild, especially in young children. Kids' symptoms may be more like those of a cold or flu. Teens often have more obvious symptoms of mono. If you do get symptoms, most likely you'll have: Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Rash Sore throat Swollen glands in the neck Weakness and sore muscles Although you should start feeling better in 2 to 4 weeks, the fatigue can stick around much longer. You may still feel tired a couple of months later. The virus is found in saliva, so you can catch mono from kissing someone who's infected. You can also get it from drinking from the same glass or using an infected person's toothbrush. It's also found in blood and semen, so it's possible to get mono from sex, a blood transfusion, or an organ transplant. You don't have to be sick to pass the virus to someone else. EBV stays in your body long after you get over mono. The virus can become active again months or years later, making you contagious once more. It's hard to tell whether you have mononucleosis just by your symptoms. Fever, fatigue, and sore throat could also be signs of other illnesses, like the flu or a cold. See your doctor for an exam to learn for sure what's making you sick. He might find signs that you have mono, such as an enlarged spleen, an organ in your belly that filters blood. Your doctor will also check to see if you have a swollen liver and white patches on your tonsils. You may also need to get some blood tests. One test looks for antibodies, substances your immune system makes in response to the EBV virus. Another test looks for a type of white blood cell your body uses to fight off the EBV infection. Like other viruses, Epstein- Barr can't be treated with antibiotics. Mono should clear up on its own without treatment in a few weeks. Although no medicine can cure an EBV infection, you can take these steps at home to ease your symptoms: Get plenty of rest. Drink a lot of water and other liquids to stay hydrated. Suck on lozenges or ice pops, or gargle with warm salt water, to make your sore throat feel better. Take painkillers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to bring down fever and relieve body aches. ( Don't give aspirin to children under 19 years of age because of the risk of a rare but serious condition called Reye's syndrome.) Ease back into work or school, taking things slowly until you feel better. For a month or so, avoid sports, heavy lifting, or other vigorous activities in which you could injure your spleen. No vaccine can protect you against the EBV virus. The best way to avoid catching it is to stay away from anyone who has mono. Don't share any items, including glasses, silverware, and toothbrushes, with someone who is infected. Also avoid kissing or having sex with an infected person. There are some rare complications of mono, so see your doctor if you or your child has any of these symptoms: Sudden, sharp pain on the left side of the belly, which could mean a problem with your spleen Very little urine, a sign of dehydration Trouble breathing or swallowing -- call 911 immediately Also call if your symptoms don't go away after 4 to 6 weeks. You could have another type of infection besides mononucleosis. EBV is best known for causing mononucleosis, but less often it can lead to other diseases, including: Ear infections and diarrhea in children Guillain- Barre syndrome Certain cancers, including Burkitt's lymphoma and cancers of the nose and throat Studies also show a link between EBV and multiple sclerosis ( MS), but more research is needed to determine if the virus can lead to MS.,Epstein- Barr is the virus that causes mononucleosis.You might know this disease better by its nickname, "mono."It's also called the "kissing disease" because of one way you can spread it to someone else.Even though Epstein- Barr virus ( EBV) isn't a household name, you've probably been infected without knowing it.Lots of people carry the virus but don't get sick.Once you're infected with EBV, symptoms can take 4 to 6 weeks to show up.When they do, they're often mild, especially in young children.Kids' symptoms may be more like those of a cold or flu.Teens often have more obvious symptoms of mono.If you do get symptoms, most likely you'll have: Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Rash Sore throat Swollen glands in the neck Weakness and sore muscles Although you should start feeling better in 2 to 4 weeks, the fatigue can stick around much longer.You may still feel tired a couple of months later.The virus is found in saliva, so you can catch mono from kissing someone who's infected.You can also get it from drinking from the same glass or using an infected person's toothbrush.It's also found in blood and semen, so it's possible to get mono from sex, a blood transfusion, or an organ transplant.You don't have to be sick to pass the virus to someone else.EBV stays in your body long after you get over mono.The virus can become active again months or years later, making you contagious once more.It's hard to tell whether you have mononucleosis just by your symptoms.Fever, fatigue, and sore throat could also be signs of other illnesses, like the flu or a cold.See your doctor for an exam to learn for sure what's making you sick.He might find signs that you have mono, such as an enlarged spleen, an organ in your belly that filters blood.Your doctor will also check to see if you have a swollen liver and white patches on your tonsils.You may also need to get some blood tests.One test looks for antibodies, substances your immune system makes in response to the EBV virus.Another test looks for a type of white blood cell your body uses to fight off the EBV infection.Like other viruses, Epstein- Barr can't be treated with antibiotics.Mono should clear up on its own without treatment in a few weeks.Although no medicine can cure an EBV infection, you can take these steps at home to ease your symptoms: Get plenty of rest.Drink a lot of water and other liquids to stay hydrated.Suck on lozenges or ice pops, or gargle with warm salt water, to make your sore throat feel better.Take painkillers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to bring down fever and relieve body aches.( Don't give aspirin to children under 19 years of age because of the risk of a rare but serious condition called Reye's syndrome.)Ease back into work or school, taking things slowly until you feel better.For a month or so, avoid sports, heavy lifting, or other vigorous activities in which you could injure your spleen.No vaccine can protect you against the EBV virus.The best way to avoid catching it is to stay away from anyone who has mono.Don't share any items, including glasses, silverware, and toothbrushes, with someone who is infected.Also avoid kissing or having sex with an infected person.There are some rare complications of mono, so see your doctor if you or your child has any of these symptoms: Sudden, sharp pain on the left side of the belly, which could mean a problem with your spleen Very little urine, a sign of dehydration Trouble breathing or swallowing -- call 911 immediately Also call if your symptoms don't go away after 4 to 6 weeks.You could have another type of infection besides mononucleosis.EBV is best known for causing mononucleosis, but less often it can lead to other diseases, including: Ear infections and diarrhea in children Guillain- Barre syndrome Certain cancers, including Burkitt's lymphoma and cancers of the nose and throat Studies also show a link between EBV and multiple sclerosis ( MS), but more research is needed to determine if the virus can lead to MS.

<human>: How is an Epstein-Barr virus infection treated? <bot>: Once you're infected with EBV, symptoms can take 4 to 6 weeks to show up. Fever, fatigue, and sore throat could also be signs of other illnesses, like the flu or a cold.,context:Epstein- Barr is the virus that causes mononucleosis. You might know this disease better by its nickname, "mono." It's also called the "kissing disease" because of one way you can spread it to someone else. Even though Epstein- Barr virus ( EBV) isn't a household name, you've probably been infected without knowing it. Lots of people carry the virus but don't get sick. Once you're infected with EBV, symptoms can take 4 to 6 weeks to show up. When they do, they're often mild, especially in young children. Kids' symptoms may be more like those of a cold or flu. Teens often have more obvious symptoms of mono. If you do get symptoms, most likely you'll have: Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Rash Sore throat Swollen glands in the neck Weakness and sore muscles Although you should start feeling better in 2 to 4 weeks, the fatigue can stick around much longer. You may still feel tired a couple of months later. The virus is found in saliva, so you can catch mono from kissing someone who's infected. You can also get it from drinking from the same glass or using an infected person's toothbrush. It's also found in blood and semen, so it's possible to get mono from sex, a blood transfusion, or an organ transplant. You don't have to be sick to pass the virus to someone else. EBV stays in your body long after you get over mono. The virus can become active again months or years later, making you contagious once more. It's hard to tell whether you have mononucleosis just by your symptoms. Fever, fatigue, and sore throat could also be signs of other illnesses, like the flu or a cold. See your doctor for an exam to learn for sure what's making you sick. He might find signs that you have mono, such as an enlarged spleen, an organ in your belly that filters blood. Your doctor will also check to see if you have a swollen liver and white patches on your tonsils. You may also need to get some blood tests. One test looks for antibodies, substances your immune system makes in response to the EBV virus. Another test looks for a type of white blood cell your body uses to fight off the EBV infection. Like other viruses, Epstein- Barr can't be treated with antibiotics. Mono should clear up on its own without treatment in a few weeks. Although no medicine can cure an EBV infection, you can take these steps at home to ease your symptoms: Get plenty of rest. Drink a lot of water and other liquids to stay hydrated. Suck on lozenges or ice pops, or gargle with warm salt water, to make your sore throat feel better. Take painkillers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to bring down fever and relieve body aches. ( Don't give aspirin to children under 19 years of age because of the risk of a rare but serious condition called Reye's syndrome.) Ease back into work or school, taking things slowly until you feel better. For a month or so, avoid sports, heavy lifting, or other vigorous activities in which you could injure your spleen. No vaccine can protect you against the EBV virus. The best way to avoid catching it is to stay away from anyone who has mono. Don't share any items, including glasses, silverware, and toothbrushes, with someone who is infected. Also avoid kissing or having sex with an infected person. There are some rare complications of mono, so see your doctor if you or your child has any of these symptoms: Sudden, sharp pain on the left side of the belly, which could mean a problem with your spleen Very little urine, a sign of dehydration Trouble breathing or swallowing -- call 911 immediately Also call if your symptoms don't go away after 4 to 6 weeks. You could have another type of infection besides mononucleosis. EBV is best known for causing mononucleosis, but less often it can lead to other diseases, including: Ear infections and diarrhea in children Guillain- Barre syndrome Certain cancers, including Burkitt's lymphoma and cancers of the nose and throat Studies also show a link between EBV and multiple sclerosis ( MS), but more research is needed to determine if the virus can lead to MS.,Epstein- Barr is the virus that causes mononucleosis.You might know this disease better by its nickname, "mono."It's also called the "kissing disease" because of one way you can spread it to someone else.Even though Epstein- Barr virus ( EBV) isn't a household name, you've probably been infected without knowing it.Lots of people carry the virus but don't get sick.Once you're infected with EBV, symptoms can take 4 to 6 weeks to show up.When they do, they're often mild, especially in young children.Kids' symptoms may be more like those of a cold or flu.Teens often have more obvious symptoms of mono.If you do get symptoms, most likely you'll have: Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Rash Sore throat Swollen glands in the neck Weakness and sore muscles Although you should start feeling better in 2 to 4 weeks, the fatigue can stick around much longer.You may still feel tired a couple of months later.The virus is found in saliva, so you can catch mono from kissing someone who's infected.You can also get it from drinking from the same glass or using an infected person's toothbrush.It's also found in blood and semen, so it's possible to get mono from sex, a blood transfusion, or an organ transplant.You don't have to be sick to pass the virus to someone else.EBV stays in your body long after you get over mono.The virus can become active again months or years later, making you contagious once more.It's hard to tell whether you have mononucleosis just by your symptoms.Fever, fatigue, and sore throat could also be signs of other illnesses, like the flu or a cold.See your doctor for an exam to learn for sure what's making you sick.He might find signs that you have mono, such as an enlarged spleen, an organ in your belly that filters blood.Your doctor will also check to see if you have a swollen liver and white patches on your tonsils.You may also need to get some blood tests.One test looks for antibodies, substances your immune system makes in response to the EBV virus.Another test looks for a type of white blood cell your body uses to fight off the EBV infection.Like other viruses, Epstein- Barr can't be treated with antibiotics.Mono should clear up on its own without treatment in a few weeks.Although no medicine can cure an EBV infection, you can take these steps at home to ease your symptoms: Get plenty of rest.Drink a lot of water and other liquids to stay hydrated.Suck on lozenges or ice pops, or gargle with warm salt water, to make your sore throat feel better.Take painkillers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to bring down fever and relieve body aches.( Don't give aspirin to children under 19 years of age because of the risk of a rare but serious condition called Reye's syndrome.)Ease back into work or school, taking things slowly until you feel better.For a month or so, avoid sports, heavy lifting, or other vigorous activities in which you could injure your spleen.No vaccine can protect you against the EBV virus.The best way to avoid catching it is to stay away from anyone who has mono.Don't share any items, including glasses, silverware, and toothbrushes, with someone who is infected.Also avoid kissing or having sex with an infected person.There are some rare complications of mono, so see your doctor if you or your child has any of these symptoms: Sudden, sharp pain on the left side of the belly, which could mean a problem with your spleen Very little urine, a sign of dehydration Trouble breathing or swallowing -- call 911 immediately Also call if your symptoms don't go away after 4 to 6 weeks.You could have another type of infection besides mononucleosis.EBV is best known for causing mononucleosis, but less often it can lead to other diseases, including: Ear infections and diarrhea in children Guillain- Barre syndrome Certain cancers, including Burkitt's lymphoma and cancers of the nose and throat Studies also show a link between EBV and multiple sclerosis ( MS), but more research is needed to determine if the virus can lead to MS.

<human>: How is mono treated? <bot>: Once you're infected with EBV, symptoms can take 4 to 6 weeks to show up. Drink a lot of water and other liquids to stay hydrated. Suck on lozenges or ice pops, or gargle with warm salt water, to make your sore throat feel better. Take painkillers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to bring down fever and relieve body aches. ( Don't give aspirin to children under 19 years of age because of the risk of a rare but serious condition called Reye's syndrome.),context:Epstein- Barr is the virus that causes mononucleosis. You might know this disease better by its nickname, "mono." It's also called the "kissing disease" because of one way you can spread it to someone else. Even though Epstein- Barr virus ( EBV) isn't a household name, you've probably been infected without knowing it. Lots of people carry the virus but don't get sick. Once you're infected with EBV, symptoms can take 4 to 6 weeks to show up. When they do, they're often mild, especially in young children. Kids' symptoms may be more like those of a cold or flu. Teens often have more obvious symptoms of mono. If you do get symptoms, most likely you'll have: Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Rash Sore throat Swollen glands in the neck Weakness and sore muscles Although you should start feeling better in 2 to 4 weeks, the fatigue can stick around much longer. You may still feel tired a couple of months later. The virus is found in saliva, so you can catch mono from kissing someone who's infected. You can also get it from drinking from the same glass or using an infected person's toothbrush. It's also found in blood and semen, so it's possible to get mono from sex, a blood transfusion, or an organ transplant. You don't have to be sick to pass the virus to someone else. EBV stays in your body long after you get over mono. The virus can become active again months or years later, making you contagious once more. It's hard to tell whether you have mononucleosis just by your symptoms. Fever, fatigue, and sore throat could also be signs of other illnesses, like the flu or a cold. See your doctor for an exam to learn for sure what's making you sick. He might find signs that you have mono, such as an enlarged spleen, an organ in your belly that filters blood. Your doctor will also check to see if you have a swollen liver and white patches on your tonsils. You may also need to get some blood tests. One test looks for antibodies, substances your immune system makes in response to the EBV virus. Another test looks for a type of white blood cell your body uses to fight off the EBV infection. Like other viruses, Epstein- Barr can't be treated with antibiotics. Mono should clear up on its own without treatment in a few weeks. Although no medicine can cure an EBV infection, you can take these steps at home to ease your symptoms: Get plenty of rest. Drink a lot of water and other liquids to stay hydrated. Suck on lozenges or ice pops, or gargle with warm salt water, to make your sore throat feel better. Take painkillers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to bring down fever and relieve body aches. ( Don't give aspirin to children under 19 years of age because of the risk of a rare but serious condition called Reye's syndrome.) Ease back into work or school, taking things slowly until you feel better. For a month or so, avoid sports, heavy lifting, or other vigorous activities in which you could injure your spleen. No vaccine can protect you against the EBV virus. The best way to avoid catching it is to stay away from anyone who has mono. Don't share any items, including glasses, silverware, and toothbrushes, with someone who is infected. Also avoid kissing or having sex with an infected person. There are some rare complications of mono, so see your doctor if you or your child has any of these symptoms: Sudden, sharp pain on the left side of the belly, which could mean a problem with your spleen Very little urine, a sign of dehydration Trouble breathing or swallowing -- call 911 immediately Also call if your symptoms don't go away after 4 to 6 weeks. You could have another type of infection besides mononucleosis. EBV is best known for causing mononucleosis, but less often it can lead to other diseases, including: Ear infections and diarrhea in children Guillain- Barre syndrome Certain cancers, including Burkitt's lymphoma and cancers of the nose and throat Studies also show a link between EBV and multiple sclerosis ( MS), but more research is needed to determine if the virus can lead to MS.,Epstein- Barr is the virus that causes mononucleosis.You might know this disease better by its nickname, "mono."It's also called the "kissing disease" because of one way you can spread it to someone else.Even though Epstein- Barr virus ( EBV) isn't a household name, you've probably been infected without knowing it.Lots of people carry the virus but don't get sick.Once you're infected with EBV, symptoms can take 4 to 6 weeks to show up.When they do, they're often mild, especially in young children.Kids' symptoms may be more like those of a cold or flu.Teens often have more obvious symptoms of mono.If you do get symptoms, most likely you'll have: Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Rash Sore throat Swollen glands in the neck Weakness and sore muscles Although you should start feeling better in 2 to 4 weeks, the fatigue can stick around much longer.You may still feel tired a couple of months later.The virus is found in saliva, so you can catch mono from kissing someone who's infected.You can also get it from drinking from the same glass or using an infected person's toothbrush.It's also found in blood and semen, so it's possible to get mono from sex, a blood transfusion, or an organ transplant.You don't have to be sick to pass the virus to someone else.EBV stays in your body long after you get over mono.The virus can become active again months or years later, making you contagious once more.It's hard to tell whether you have mononucleosis just by your symptoms.Fever, fatigue, and sore throat could also be signs of other illnesses, like the flu or a cold.See your doctor for an exam to learn for sure what's making you sick.He might find signs that you have mono, such as an enlarged spleen, an organ in your belly that filters blood.Your doctor will also check to see if you have a swollen liver and white patches on your tonsils.You may also need to get some blood tests.One test looks for antibodies, substances your immune system makes in response to the EBV virus.Another test looks for a type of white blood cell your body uses to fight off the EBV infection.Like other viruses, Epstein- Barr can't be treated with antibiotics.Mono should clear up on its own without treatment in a few weeks.Although no medicine can cure an EBV infection, you can take these steps at home to ease your symptoms: Get plenty of rest.Drink a lot of water and other liquids to stay hydrated.Suck on lozenges or ice pops, or gargle with warm salt water, to make your sore throat feel better.Take painkillers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to bring down fever and relieve body aches.( Don't give aspirin to children under 19 years of age because of the risk of a rare but serious condition called Reye's syndrome.)Ease back into work or school, taking things slowly until you feel better.For a month or so, avoid sports, heavy lifting, or other vigorous activities in which you could injure your spleen.No vaccine can protect you against the EBV virus.The best way to avoid catching it is to stay away from anyone who has mono.Don't share any items, including glasses, silverware, and toothbrushes, with someone who is infected.Also avoid kissing or having sex with an infected person.There are some rare complications of mono, so see your doctor if you or your child has any of these symptoms: Sudden, sharp pain on the left side of the belly, which could mean a problem with your spleen Very little urine, a sign of dehydration Trouble breathing or swallowing -- call 911 immediately Also call if your symptoms don't go away after 4 to 6 weeks.You could have another type of infection besides mononucleosis.EBV is best known for causing mononucleosis, but less often it can lead to other diseases, including: Ear infections and diarrhea in children Guillain- Barre syndrome Certain cancers, including Burkitt's lymphoma and cancers of the nose and throat Studies also show a link between EBV and multiple sclerosis ( MS), but more research is needed to determine if the virus can lead to MS.

<human>: What is Epstein-Barr virus? <bot>: You might know this disease better by its nickname, "mono." It's also called the "kissing disease" because of one way you can spread it to someone else. Like other viruses, Epstein- Barr can't be treated with antibiotics.,context:Epstein- Barr is the virus that causes mononucleosis. You might know this disease better by its nickname, "mono." It's also called the "kissing disease" because of one way you can spread it to someone else. Even though Epstein- Barr virus ( EBV) isn't a household name, you've probably been infected without knowing it. Lots of people carry the virus but don't get sick. Once you're infected with EBV, symptoms can take 4 to 6 weeks to show up. When they do, they're often mild, especially in young children. Kids' symptoms may be more like those of a cold or flu. Teens often have more obvious symptoms of mono. If you do get symptoms, most likely you'll have: Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Rash Sore throat Swollen glands in the neck Weakness and sore muscles Although you should start feeling better in 2 to 4 weeks, the fatigue can stick around much longer. You may still feel tired a couple of months later. The virus is found in saliva, so you can catch mono from kissing someone who's infected. You can also get it from drinking from the same glass or using an infected person's toothbrush. It's also found in blood and semen, so it's possible to get mono from sex, a blood transfusion, or an organ transplant. You don't have to be sick to pass the virus to someone else. EBV stays in your body long after you get over mono. The virus can become active again months or years later, making you contagious once more. It's hard to tell whether you have mononucleosis just by your symptoms. Fever, fatigue, and sore throat could also be signs of other illnesses, like the flu or a cold. See your doctor for an exam to learn for sure what's making you sick. He might find signs that you have mono, such as an enlarged spleen, an organ in your belly that filters blood. Your doctor will also check to see if you have a swollen liver and white patches on your tonsils. You may also need to get some blood tests. One test looks for antibodies, substances your immune system makes in response to the EBV virus. Another test looks for a type of white blood cell your body uses to fight off the EBV infection. Like other viruses, Epstein- Barr can't be treated with antibiotics. Mono should clear up on its own without treatment in a few weeks. Although no medicine can cure an EBV infection, you can take these steps at home to ease your symptoms: Get plenty of rest. Drink a lot of water and other liquids to stay hydrated. Suck on lozenges or ice pops, or gargle with warm salt water, to make your sore throat feel better. Take painkillers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to bring down fever and relieve body aches. ( Don't give aspirin to children under 19 years of age because of the risk of a rare but serious condition called Reye's syndrome.) Ease back into work or school, taking things slowly until you feel better. For a month or so, avoid sports, heavy lifting, or other vigorous activities in which you could injure your spleen. No vaccine can protect you against the EBV virus. The best way to avoid catching it is to stay away from anyone who has mono. Don't share any items, including glasses, silverware, and toothbrushes, with someone who is infected. Also avoid kissing or having sex with an infected person. There are some rare complications of mono, so see your doctor if you or your child has any of these symptoms: Sudden, sharp pain on the left side of the belly, which could mean a problem with your spleen Very little urine, a sign of dehydration Trouble breathing or swallowing -- call 911 immediately Also call if your symptoms don't go away after 4 to 6 weeks. You could have another type of infection besides mononucleosis. EBV is best known for causing mononucleosis, but less often it can lead to other diseases, including: Ear infections and diarrhea in children Guillain- Barre syndrome Certain cancers, including Burkitt's lymphoma and cancers of the nose and throat Studies also show a link between EBV and multiple sclerosis ( MS), but more research is needed to determine if the virus can lead to MS.,Epstein- Barr is the virus that causes mononucleosis.You might know this disease better by its nickname, "mono."It's also called the "kissing disease" because of one way you can spread it to someone else.Even though Epstein- Barr virus ( EBV) isn't a household name, you've probably been infected without knowing it.Lots of people carry the virus but don't get sick.Once you're infected with EBV, symptoms can take 4 to 6 weeks to show up.When they do, they're often mild, especially in young children.Kids' symptoms may be more like those of a cold or flu.Teens often have more obvious symptoms of mono.If you do get symptoms, most likely you'll have: Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Rash Sore throat Swollen glands in the neck Weakness and sore muscles Although you should start feeling better in 2 to 4 weeks, the fatigue can stick around much longer.You may still feel tired a couple of months later.The virus is found in saliva, so you can catch mono from kissing someone who's infected.You can also get it from drinking from the same glass or using an infected person's toothbrush.It's also found in blood and semen, so it's possible to get mono from sex, a blood transfusion, or an organ transplant.You don't have to be sick to pass the virus to someone else.EBV stays in your body long after you get over mono.The virus can become active again months or years later, making you contagious once more.It's hard to tell whether you have mononucleosis just by your symptoms.Fever, fatigue, and sore throat could also be signs of other illnesses, like the flu or a cold.See your doctor for an exam to learn for sure what's making you sick.He might find signs that you have mono, such as an enlarged spleen, an organ in your belly that filters blood.Your doctor will also check to see if you have a swollen liver and white patches on your tonsils.You may also need to get some blood tests.One test looks for antibodies, substances your immune system makes in response to the EBV virus.Another test looks for a type of white blood cell your body uses to fight off the EBV infection.Like other viruses, Epstein- Barr can't be treated with antibiotics.Mono should clear up on its own without treatment in a few weeks.Although no medicine can cure an EBV infection, you can take these steps at home to ease your symptoms: Get plenty of rest.Drink a lot of water and other liquids to stay hydrated.Suck on lozenges or ice pops, or gargle with warm salt water, to make your sore throat feel better.Take painkillers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to bring down fever and relieve body aches.( Don't give aspirin to children under 19 years of age because of the risk of a rare but serious condition called Reye's syndrome.)Ease back into work or school, taking things slowly until you feel better.For a month or so, avoid sports, heavy lifting, or other vigorous activities in which you could injure your spleen.No vaccine can protect you against the EBV virus.The best way to avoid catching it is to stay away from anyone who has mono.Don't share any items, including glasses, silverware, and toothbrushes, with someone who is infected.Also avoid kissing or having sex with an infected person.There are some rare complications of mono, so see your doctor if you or your child has any of these symptoms: Sudden, sharp pain on the left side of the belly, which could mean a problem with your spleen Very little urine, a sign of dehydration Trouble breathing or swallowing -- call 911 immediately Also call if your symptoms don't go away after 4 to 6 weeks.You could have another type of infection besides mononucleosis.EBV is best known for causing mononucleosis, but less often it can lead to other diseases, including: Ear infections and diarrhea in children Guillain- Barre syndrome Certain cancers, including Burkitt's lymphoma and cancers of the nose and throat Studies also show a link between EBV and multiple sclerosis ( MS), but more research is needed to determine if the virus can lead to MS.

<human>: How is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) used to treat bipolar I disorder? <bot>: Electroconvulsive Therapy ( ECT) Despite its scary reputation, electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT) is a safe and effective treatment for both manic and depressive symptoms. ECT is often used to treat severe forms of depression or mania in bipolar I disorder when medicines may not be effective or likely to work fast enough to bring symptom relief.,context:Bipolar I disorder (pronounced "bipolar one" and also known as manic-depressive disorder or manic depression) is a form of mental illness. A person affected by bipolar I disorder has had at least one manic episode in his or her life. A manic episode is a period of abnormally elevated mood and high energy, accompanied by abnormal behavior that disrupts life. Most people with bipolar I disorder also suffer from episodes of depression. Often, there is a pattern of cycling between mania and depression. This is where the term "manic depression" comes from. In between episodes of mania and depression, many people with bipolar I disorder can live normal lives. Understanding Bipolar Disorder Virtually anyone can develop bipolar I disorder. About 2.5% of the U. S. population suffers from bipolar disorder -- almost 6 million people. Most people are in their teens or early 20s when symptoms of bipolar disorder first appear. Nearly everyone with bipolar I disorder develops it before age 50. People with an immediate family member who has bipolar are at higher risk. During a manic episode in someone with bipolar disorder, elevated mood can manifest itself as either euphoria (feeling "high") or as irritability. Abnormal behavior during manic episodes includes: Flying suddenly from one idea to the next Rapid, "pressured" (uninterruptable), and loud speech Increased energy, with hyperactivity and a decreased need for sleep Inflated self-image Excessive spending Hypersexuality Substance abuse People in manic episodes may spend money far beyond their means, have sex with people they wouldn't otherwise, or pursue grandiose, unrealistic plans. In severe manic episodes, a person loses touch with reality. They may become delusional and behave bizarrely. Untreated, an episode of mania can last anywhere from a few days to several months. Most commonly, symptoms continue for a few weeks to a few months. Depression may follow shortly after, or not appear for weeks or months. Many people with bipolar I disorder experience long periods without symptoms in between episodes. A minority has rapid-cycling symptoms of mania and depression, in which they may have distinct periods of mania or depression four or more times within a year. People can also have mood episodes with "mixed features," in which manic and depressive symptoms occur simultaneously, or may alternate from one pole to the other within the same day. Depressive episodes in bipolar disorder are similar to "regular" clinical depression, with depressed mood, loss of pleasure, low energy and activity, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, and thoughts of suicide. Depressive symptoms of bipolar disorder can last weeks or months, but rarely longer than one year. Manic episodes in bipolar I disorder require treatment with drugs, such as mood stabilizers and antipsychotics, and sometimes sedative-hypnotics which include benzodiazepines such as clonazepam ( Klonopin) or lorazepam ( Ativan). Mood Stabilizers Lithium: This simple metal in pill form is especially effective at controlling mania that involves classical euphoria rather than mixtures of mania and depression simultaneously. Lithium has been used for more than 60 years to treat bipolar disorder. Lithium can take weeks to work fully, making it better for maintenance treatment than for sudden manic episodes. Blood levels of lithium as well as tests to measure kidney and thyroid functioning must be monitored to avoid side effects. Valproate ( Depakote): This antiseizure medication also works to level out moods. It is faster acting than lithium for an acute episode of mania. It is also often used "off label" for prevention of new episodes. As a mood stabilizer that can be used by a "loading dose" method -- beginning at a very high dose -- valproate allows the possibility of significant improvement in mood as early as four to five days. Some other antiseizure drugs, notably carbamazepine ( Tegretol) and lamotrigine ( Lamictal), can have value in treating or preventing manias or depressions. Other antiseizure medicines that are less well-established but still sometimes used experimentally for the treatment of bipolar disorder, such as oxcarbazapine ( Trileptal). Antipsychotics For severe manic episodes, traditional antipsychotics (such as Haldol, Loxapine, or Thorazine) as well as newer antipsychotic drugs -- also called atypical antipsychotics -- may be necessary. Cariprazine ( Vraylar) is a newly approved antipsychotic to treat manic or mixed episodes. Aripiprazole ( Abilify), asenapine ( Saphris), clozapine ( Clozaril), olanzapine ( Zyprexa), quetiapine ( Seroquel), risperidone ( Risperdal), and ziprasidone ( Geodon) are often used, and many other drugs are available. The antipsychotic lurasidone ( Latuda)is approved for use -- either alone or with lithium or valproate ( Depakote) -- in cases of bipolar I depression. Antipsychotic medicines are also sometimes used for preventive treatment. Benzodiazepines This class of drugs includes alprazolam ( Xanax), diazepam ( Valium), and lorazepam ( Ativan) and is commonly referred to as minor tranquilizers. They are sometimes used for short-term control of acute symptoms associated with mania such as agitation or insomnia, but they do not treat core mood symptoms such as euphoria or depression. Antidepressants Common antidepressants such as fluoxetine ( Prozac), paroxetine ( Paxil), and sertraline ( Zoloft) have not been shown to be as effective for treating depression in bipolar I disorder as in unipolar depression. In a small percentage of people, they can also set off or worsen a manic episode in a person with bipolar disorder. However, studies have shown that for bipolar II depression, some antidepressants (such as Prozac and Zoloft) may be safe and more helpful than in bipolar I depression. For these reasons, the first-line treatments for depression in bipolar disorder involve medicines that have been shown to have antidepressant properties but also no known risk for causing or worsening mania. The three FDA-approved treatments for bipolar depression are lurasidone ( Latuda), olanzapine-fluoxetine ( Symbyax) combination, quetiapine ( Seroquel) or quetiapine fumarate ( Seroquel XR). Other mood-stabilizing treatments that are sometimes recommended for treating acute bipolar depression include lithium, Depakote, and Lamictal (although none of these latter three medicines is FDA-approved specifically for bipolar depression). If these fail, after a few weeks a traditional antidepressant or other medicine may sometimes be added. Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, may also help. People with bipolar I disorder (mania or depression) have a high risk for recurrences and usually are advised to take medicines on a continuous basis for prevention. Electroconvulsive Therapy ( ECT) Despite its scary reputation, electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT) is a safe and effective treatment for both manic and depressive symptoms. ECT is often used to treat severe forms of depression or mania in bipolar I disorder when medicines may not be effective or likely to work fast enough to bring symptom relief. The causes of bipolar disorder are not well understood. It's not known if bipolar I disorder can be prevented entirely. It is possible to lower the risk of episodes of mania or depression once bipolar disorder has developed. Regular therapy sessions with a psychologist or social worker can help people to identify factors that can destabilize mood (such as poor medication adherence, sleep deprivation, drug or alcohol abuse, and poor stress management), leading to fewer hospitalizations and feeling better overall. Taking medicine on a regular basis can help to prevent future manic or depressive episodes. People with bipolar I disorder experience full episodes of mania -- the often severe abnormally elevated mood and behavior described above. These manic symptoms can lead to serious disruptions in life (for example, spending the family fortune, or having an unintended pregnancy). In bipolar II disorder, the symptoms of elevated mood never reach full-blown mania. They often pass for extreme cheerfulness, even making someone a lot of fun to be around -- the "life of the party." Not so bad, you might think -- except bipolar II disorder usually involves extensive and disabling periods of significant depression, which can often be harder to treat than if episodes of hypomania had never occurred.,Bipolar I disorder (pronounced "bipolar one" and also known as manic-depressive disorder or manic depression) is a form of mental illness.A person affected by bipolar I disorder has had at least one manic episode in his or her life.A manic episode is a period of abnormally elevated mood and high energy, accompanied by abnormal behavior that disrupts life.Most people with bipolar I disorder also suffer from episodes of depression.Often, there is a pattern of cycling between mania and depression.This is where the term "manic depression" comes from.In between episodes of mania and depression, many people with bipolar I disorder can live normal lives.Understanding Bipolar Disorder Virtually anyone can develop bipolar I disorder.About 2.5% of the U. S. population suffers from bipolar disorder -- almost 6 million people.Most people are in their teens or early 20s when symptoms of bipolar disorder first appear.Nearly everyone with bipolar I disorder develops it before age 50.People with an immediate family member who has bipolar are at higher risk.During a manic episode in someone with bipolar disorder, elevated mood can manifest itself as either euphoria (feeling "high") or as irritability.Abnormal behavior during manic episodes includes: Flying suddenly from one idea to the next Rapid, "pressured" (uninterruptable), and loud speech Increased energy, with hyperactivity and a decreased need for sleep Inflated self-image Excessive spending Hypersexuality Substance abuse People in manic episodes may spend money far beyond their means, have sex with people they wouldn't otherwise, or pursue grandiose, unrealistic plans.In severe manic episodes, a person loses touch with reality.They may become delusional and behave bizarrely.Untreated, an episode of mania can last anywhere from a few days to several months.Most commonly, symptoms continue for a few weeks to a few months.Depression may follow shortly after, or not appear for weeks or months.Many people with bipolar I disorder experience long periods without symptoms in between episodes.A minority has rapid-cycling symptoms of mania and depression, in which they may have distinct periods of mania or depression four or more times within a year.People can also have mood episodes with "mixed features," in which manic and depressive symptoms occur simultaneously, or may alternate from one pole to the other within the same day.Depressive episodes in bipolar disorder are similar to "regular" clinical depression, with depressed mood, loss of pleasure, low energy and activity, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, and thoughts of suicide.Depressive symptoms of bipolar disorder can last weeks or months, but rarely longer than one year.Manic episodes in bipolar I disorder require treatment with drugs, such as mood stabilizers and antipsychotics, and sometimes sedative-hypnotics which include benzodiazepines such as clonazepam ( Klonopin) or lorazepam ( Ativan).Mood Stabilizers Lithium: This simple metal in pill form is especially effective at controlling mania that involves classical euphoria rather than mixtures of mania and depression simultaneously.Lithium has been used for more than 60 years to treat bipolar disorder.Lithium can take weeks to work fully, making it better for maintenance treatment than for sudden manic episodes.Blood levels of lithium as well as tests to measure kidney and thyroid functioning must be monitored to avoid side effects.Valproate ( Depakote): This antiseizure medication also works to level out moods.It is faster acting than lithium for an acute episode of mania.It is also often used "off label" for prevention of new episodes.As a mood stabilizer that can be used by a "loading dose" method -- beginning at a very high dose -- valproate allows the possibility of significant improvement in mood as early as four to five days.Some other antiseizure drugs, notably carbamazepine ( Tegretol) and lamotrigine ( Lamictal), can have value in treating or preventing manias or depressions.Other antiseizure medicines that are less well-established but still sometimes used experimentally for the treatment of bipolar disorder, such as oxcarbazapine ( Trileptal).Antipsychotics For severe manic episodes, traditional antipsychotics (such as Haldol, Loxapine, or Thorazine) as well as newer antipsychotic drugs -- also called atypical antipsychotics -- may be necessary.Cariprazine ( Vraylar) is a newly approved antipsychotic to treat manic or mixed episodes.Aripiprazole ( Abilify), asenapine ( Saphris), clozapine ( Clozaril), olanzapine ( Zyprexa), quetiapine ( Seroquel), risperidone ( Risperdal), and ziprasidone ( Geodon) are often used, and many other drugs are available.The antipsychotic lurasidone ( Latuda)is approved for use -- either alone or with lithium or valproate ( Depakote) -- in cases of bipolar I depression.Antipsychotic medicines are also sometimes used for preventive treatment.Benzodiazepines This class of drugs includes alprazolam ( Xanax), diazepam ( Valium), and lorazepam ( Ativan) and is commonly referred to as minor tranquilizers.They are sometimes used for short-term control of acute symptoms associated with mania such as agitation or insomnia, but they do not treat core mood symptoms such as euphoria or depression.Antidepressants Common antidepressants such as fluoxetine ( Prozac), paroxetine ( Paxil), and sertraline ( Zoloft) have not been shown to be as effective for treating depression in bipolar I disorder as in unipolar depression.In a small percentage of people, they can also set off or worsen a manic episode in a person with bipolar disorder.However, studies have shown that for bipolar II depression, some antidepressants (such as Prozac and Zoloft) may be safe and more helpful than in bipolar I depression.For these reasons, the first-line treatments for depression in bipolar disorder involve medicines that have been shown to have antidepressant properties but also no known risk for causing or worsening mania.The three FDA-approved treatments for bipolar depression are lurasidone ( Latuda), olanzapine-fluoxetine ( Symbyax) combination, quetiapine ( Seroquel) or quetiapine fumarate ( Seroquel XR).Other mood-stabilizing treatments that are sometimes recommended for treating acute bipolar depression include lithium, Depakote, and Lamictal (although none of these latter three medicines is FDA-approved specifically for bipolar depression).If these fail, after a few weeks a traditional antidepressant or other medicine may sometimes be added.Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, may also help.People with bipolar I disorder (mania or depression) have a high risk for recurrences and usually are advised to take medicines on a continuous basis for prevention.Electroconvulsive Therapy ( ECT) Despite its scary reputation, electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT) is a safe and effective treatment for both manic and depressive symptoms.ECT is often used to treat severe forms of depression or mania in bipolar I disorder when medicines may not be effective or likely to work fast enough to bring symptom relief.The causes of bipolar disorder are not well understood.It's not known if bipolar I disorder can be prevented entirely.It is possible to lower the risk of episodes of mania or depression once bipolar disorder has developed.Regular therapy sessions with a psychologist or social worker can help people to identify factors that can destabilize mood (such as poor medication adherence, sleep deprivation, drug or alcohol abuse, and poor stress management), leading to fewer hospitalizations and feeling better overall.Taking medicine on a regular basis can help to prevent future manic or depressive episodes.People with bipolar I disorder experience full episodes of mania -- the often severe abnormally elevated mood and behavior described above.These manic symptoms can lead to serious disruptions in life (for example, spending the family fortune, or having an unintended pregnancy).In bipolar II disorder, the symptoms of elevated mood never reach full-blown mania.They often pass for extreme cheerfulness, even making someone a lot of fun to be around -- the "life of the party."Not so bad, you might think -- except bipolar II disorder usually involves extensive and disabling periods of significant depression, which can often be harder to treat than if episodes of hypomania had never occurred.

<human>: Who is at risk for bipolar I disorder? <bot>: Understanding Bipolar Disorder Virtually anyone can develop bipolar I disorder. About 2.5% of the U. S. population suffers from bipolar disorder -- almost 6 million people. Most people are in their teens or early 20s when symptoms of bipolar disorder first appear. Nearly everyone with bipolar I disorder develops it before age 50. People with an immediate family member who has bipolar are at higher risk.,context:Bipolar I disorder (pronounced "bipolar one" and also known as manic-depressive disorder or manic depression) is a form of mental illness. A person affected by bipolar I disorder has had at least one manic episode in his or her life. A manic episode is a period of abnormally elevated mood and high energy, accompanied by abnormal behavior that disrupts life. Most people with bipolar I disorder also suffer from episodes of depression. Often, there is a pattern of cycling between mania and depression. This is where the term "manic depression" comes from. In between episodes of mania and depression, many people with bipolar I disorder can live normal lives. Understanding Bipolar Disorder Virtually anyone can develop bipolar I disorder. About 2.5% of the U. S. population suffers from bipolar disorder -- almost 6 million people. Most people are in their teens or early 20s when symptoms of bipolar disorder first appear. Nearly everyone with bipolar I disorder develops it before age 50. People with an immediate family member who has bipolar are at higher risk. During a manic episode in someone with bipolar disorder, elevated mood can manifest itself as either euphoria (feeling "high") or as irritability. Abnormal behavior during manic episodes includes: Flying suddenly from one idea to the next Rapid, "pressured" (uninterruptable), and loud speech Increased energy, with hyperactivity and a decreased need for sleep Inflated self-image Excessive spending Hypersexuality Substance abuse People in manic episodes may spend money far beyond their means, have sex with people they wouldn't otherwise, or pursue grandiose, unrealistic plans. In severe manic episodes, a person loses touch with reality. They may become delusional and behave bizarrely. Untreated, an episode of mania can last anywhere from a few days to several months. Most commonly, symptoms continue for a few weeks to a few months. Depression may follow shortly after, or not appear for weeks or months. Many people with bipolar I disorder experience long periods without symptoms in between episodes. A minority has rapid-cycling symptoms of mania and depression, in which they may have distinct periods of mania or depression four or more times within a year. People can also have mood episodes with "mixed features," in which manic and depressive symptoms occur simultaneously, or may alternate from one pole to the other within the same day. Depressive episodes in bipolar disorder are similar to "regular" clinical depression, with depressed mood, loss of pleasure, low energy and activity, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, and thoughts of suicide. Depressive symptoms of bipolar disorder can last weeks or months, but rarely longer than one year. Manic episodes in bipolar I disorder require treatment with drugs, such as mood stabilizers and antipsychotics, and sometimes sedative-hypnotics which include benzodiazepines such as clonazepam ( Klonopin) or lorazepam ( Ativan). Mood Stabilizers Lithium: This simple metal in pill form is especially effective at controlling mania that involves classical euphoria rather than mixtures of mania and depression simultaneously. Lithium has been used for more than 60 years to treat bipolar disorder. Lithium can take weeks to work fully, making it better for maintenance treatment than for sudden manic episodes. Blood levels of lithium as well as tests to measure kidney and thyroid functioning must be monitored to avoid side effects. Valproate ( Depakote): This antiseizure medication also works to level out moods. It is faster acting than lithium for an acute episode of mania. It is also often used "off label" for prevention of new episodes. As a mood stabilizer that can be used by a "loading dose" method -- beginning at a very high dose -- valproate allows the possibility of significant improvement in mood as early as four to five days. Some other antiseizure drugs, notably carbamazepine ( Tegretol) and lamotrigine ( Lamictal), can have value in treating or preventing manias or depressions. Other antiseizure medicines that are less well-established but still sometimes used experimentally for the treatment of bipolar disorder, such as oxcarbazapine ( Trileptal). Antipsychotics For severe manic episodes, traditional antipsychotics (such as Haldol, Loxapine, or Thorazine) as well as newer antipsychotic drugs -- also called atypical antipsychotics -- may be necessary. Cariprazine ( Vraylar) is a newly approved antipsychotic to treat manic or mixed episodes. Aripiprazole ( Abilify), asenapine ( Saphris), clozapine ( Clozaril), olanzapine ( Zyprexa), quetiapine ( Seroquel), risperidone ( Risperdal), and ziprasidone ( Geodon) are often used, and many other drugs are available. The antipsychotic lurasidone ( Latuda)is approved for use -- either alone or with lithium or valproate ( Depakote) -- in cases of bipolar I depression. Antipsychotic medicines are also sometimes used for preventive treatment. Benzodiazepines This class of drugs includes alprazolam ( Xanax), diazepam ( Valium), and lorazepam ( Ativan) and is commonly referred to as minor tranquilizers. They are sometimes used for short-term control of acute symptoms associated with mania such as agitation or insomnia, but they do not treat core mood symptoms such as euphoria or depression. Antidepressants Common antidepressants such as fluoxetine ( Prozac), paroxetine ( Paxil), and sertraline ( Zoloft) have not been shown to be as effective for treating depression in bipolar I disorder as in unipolar depression. In a small percentage of people, they can also set off or worsen a manic episode in a person with bipolar disorder. However, studies have shown that for bipolar II depression, some antidepressants (such as Prozac and Zoloft) may be safe and more helpful than in bipolar I depression. For these reasons, the first-line treatments for depression in bipolar disorder involve medicines that have been shown to have antidepressant properties but also no known risk for causing or worsening mania. The three FDA-approved treatments for bipolar depression are lurasidone ( Latuda), olanzapine-fluoxetine ( Symbyax) combination, quetiapine ( Seroquel) or quetiapine fumarate ( Seroquel XR). Other mood-stabilizing treatments that are sometimes recommended for treating acute bipolar depression include lithium, Depakote, and Lamictal (although none of these latter three medicines is FDA-approved specifically for bipolar depression). If these fail, after a few weeks a traditional antidepressant or other medicine may sometimes be added. Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, may also help. People with bipolar I disorder (mania or depression) have a high risk for recurrences and usually are advised to take medicines on a continuous basis for prevention. Electroconvulsive Therapy ( ECT) Despite its scary reputation, electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT) is a safe and effective treatment for both manic and depressive symptoms. ECT is often used to treat severe forms of depression or mania in bipolar I disorder when medicines may not be effective or likely to work fast enough to bring symptom relief. The causes of bipolar disorder are not well understood. It's not known if bipolar I disorder can be prevented entirely. It is possible to lower the risk of episodes of mania or depression once bipolar disorder has developed. Regular therapy sessions with a psychologist or social worker can help people to identify factors that can destabilize mood (such as poor medication adherence, sleep deprivation, drug or alcohol abuse, and poor stress management), leading to fewer hospitalizations and feeling better overall. Taking medicine on a regular basis can help to prevent future manic or depressive episodes. People with bipolar I disorder experience full episodes of mania -- the often severe abnormally elevated mood and behavior described above. These manic symptoms can lead to serious disruptions in life (for example, spending the family fortune, or having an unintended pregnancy). In bipolar II disorder, the symptoms of elevated mood never reach full-blown mania. They often pass for extreme cheerfulness, even making someone a lot of fun to be around -- the "life of the party." Not so bad, you might think -- except bipolar II disorder usually involves extensive and disabling periods of significant depression, which can often be harder to treat than if episodes of hypomania had never occurred.,Bipolar I disorder (pronounced "bipolar one" and also known as manic-depressive disorder or manic depression) is a form of mental illness.A person affected by bipolar I disorder has had at least one manic episode in his or her life.A manic episode is a period of abnormally elevated mood and high energy, accompanied by abnormal behavior that disrupts life.Most people with bipolar I disorder also suffer from episodes of depression.Often, there is a pattern of cycling between mania and depression.This is where the term "manic depression" comes from.In between episodes of mania and depression, many people with bipolar I disorder can live normal lives.Understanding Bipolar Disorder Virtually anyone can develop bipolar I disorder.About 2.5% of the U. S. population suffers from bipolar disorder -- almost 6 million people.Most people are in their teens or early 20s when symptoms of bipolar disorder first appear.Nearly everyone with bipolar I disorder develops it before age 50.People with an immediate family member who has bipolar are at higher risk.During a manic episode in someone with bipolar disorder, elevated mood can manifest itself as either euphoria (feeling "high") or as irritability.Abnormal behavior during manic episodes includes: Flying suddenly from one idea to the next Rapid, "pressured" (uninterruptable), and loud speech Increased energy, with hyperactivity and a decreased need for sleep Inflated self-image Excessive spending Hypersexuality Substance abuse People in manic episodes may spend money far beyond their means, have sex with people they wouldn't otherwise, or pursue grandiose, unrealistic plans.In severe manic episodes, a person loses touch with reality.They may become delusional and behave bizarrely.Untreated, an episode of mania can last anywhere from a few days to several months.Most commonly, symptoms continue for a few weeks to a few months.Depression may follow shortly after, or not appear for weeks or months.Many people with bipolar I disorder experience long periods without symptoms in between episodes.A minority has rapid-cycling symptoms of mania and depression, in which they may have distinct periods of mania or depression four or more times within a year.People can also have mood episodes with "mixed features," in which manic and depressive symptoms occur simultaneously, or may alternate from one pole to the other within the same day.Depressive episodes in bipolar disorder are similar to "regular" clinical depression, with depressed mood, loss of pleasure, low energy and activity, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, and thoughts of suicide.Depressive symptoms of bipolar disorder can last weeks or months, but rarely longer than one year.Manic episodes in bipolar I disorder require treatment with drugs, such as mood stabilizers and antipsychotics, and sometimes sedative-hypnotics which include benzodiazepines such as clonazepam ( Klonopin) or lorazepam ( Ativan).Mood Stabilizers Lithium: This simple metal in pill form is especially effective at controlling mania that involves classical euphoria rather than mixtures of mania and depression simultaneously.Lithium has been used for more than 60 years to treat bipolar disorder.Lithium can take weeks to work fully, making it better for maintenance treatment than for sudden manic episodes.Blood levels of lithium as well as tests to measure kidney and thyroid functioning must be monitored to avoid side effects.Valproate ( Depakote): This antiseizure medication also works to level out moods.It is faster acting than lithium for an acute episode of mania.It is also often used "off label" for prevention of new episodes.As a mood stabilizer that can be used by a "loading dose" method -- beginning at a very high dose -- valproate allows the possibility of significant improvement in mood as early as four to five days.Some other antiseizure drugs, notably carbamazepine ( Tegretol) and lamotrigine ( Lamictal), can have value in treating or preventing manias or depressions.Other antiseizure medicines that are less well-established but still sometimes used experimentally for the treatment of bipolar disorder, such as oxcarbazapine ( Trileptal).Antipsychotics For severe manic episodes, traditional antipsychotics (such as Haldol, Loxapine, or Thorazine) as well as newer antipsychotic drugs -- also called atypical antipsychotics -- may be necessary.Cariprazine ( Vraylar) is a newly approved antipsychotic to treat manic or mixed episodes.Aripiprazole ( Abilify), asenapine ( Saphris), clozapine ( Clozaril), olanzapine ( Zyprexa), quetiapine ( Seroquel), risperidone ( Risperdal), and ziprasidone ( Geodon) are often used, and many other drugs are available.The antipsychotic lurasidone ( Latuda)is approved for use -- either alone or with lithium or valproate ( Depakote) -- in cases of bipolar I depression.Antipsychotic medicines are also sometimes used for preventive treatment.Benzodiazepines This class of drugs includes alprazolam ( Xanax), diazepam ( Valium), and lorazepam ( Ativan) and is commonly referred to as minor tranquilizers.They are sometimes used for short-term control of acute symptoms associated with mania such as agitation or insomnia, but they do not treat core mood symptoms such as euphoria or depression.Antidepressants Common antidepressants such as fluoxetine ( Prozac), paroxetine ( Paxil), and sertraline ( Zoloft) have not been shown to be as effective for treating depression in bipolar I disorder as in unipolar depression.In a small percentage of people, they can also set off or worsen a manic episode in a person with bipolar disorder.However, studies have shown that for bipolar II depression, some antidepressants (such as Prozac and Zoloft) may be safe and more helpful than in bipolar I depression.For these reasons, the first-line treatments for depression in bipolar disorder involve medicines that have been shown to have antidepressant properties but also no known risk for causing or worsening mania.The three FDA-approved treatments for bipolar depression are lurasidone ( Latuda), olanzapine-fluoxetine ( Symbyax) combination, quetiapine ( Seroquel) or quetiapine fumarate ( Seroquel XR).Other mood-stabilizing treatments that are sometimes recommended for treating acute bipolar depression include lithium, Depakote, and Lamictal (although none of these latter three medicines is FDA-approved specifically for bipolar depression).If these fail, after a few weeks a traditional antidepressant or other medicine may sometimes be added.Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, may also help.People with bipolar I disorder (mania or depression) have a high risk for recurrences and usually are advised to take medicines on a continuous basis for prevention.Electroconvulsive Therapy ( ECT) Despite its scary reputation, electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT) is a safe and effective treatment for both manic and depressive symptoms.ECT is often used to treat severe forms of depression or mania in bipolar I disorder when medicines may not be effective or likely to work fast enough to bring symptom relief.The causes of bipolar disorder are not well understood.It's not known if bipolar I disorder can be prevented entirely.It is possible to lower the risk of episodes of mania or depression once bipolar disorder has developed.Regular therapy sessions with a psychologist or social worker can help people to identify factors that can destabilize mood (such as poor medication adherence, sleep deprivation, drug or alcohol abuse, and poor stress management), leading to fewer hospitalizations and feeling better overall.Taking medicine on a regular basis can help to prevent future manic or depressive episodes.People with bipolar I disorder experience full episodes of mania -- the often severe abnormally elevated mood and behavior described above.These manic symptoms can lead to serious disruptions in life (for example, spending the family fortune, or having an unintended pregnancy).In bipolar II disorder, the symptoms of elevated mood never reach full-blown mania.They often pass for extreme cheerfulness, even making someone a lot of fun to be around -- the "life of the party."Not so bad, you might think -- except bipolar II disorder usually involves extensive and disabling periods of significant depression, which can often be harder to treat than if episodes of hypomania had never occurred.

<human>: How does bipolar I disorder differ from other types of bipolar I disorder? <bot>: People with bipolar I disorder experience full episodes of mania -- the often severe abnormally elevated mood and behavior described above. These manic symptoms can lead to serious disruptions in life (for example, spending the family fortune, or having an unintended pregnancy). In bipolar II disorder, the symptoms of elevated mood never reach full-blown mania. They often pass for extreme cheerfulness, even making someone a lot of fun to be around -- the "life of the party." Not so bad, you might think -- except bipolar II disorder usually involves extensive and disabling periods of significant depression, which can often be harder to treat than if episodes of hypomania had never occurred.,context:Bipolar I disorder (pronounced "bipolar one" and also known as manic-depressive disorder or manic depression) is a form of mental illness. A person affected by bipolar I disorder has had at least one manic episode in his or her life. A manic episode is a period of abnormally elevated mood and high energy, accompanied by abnormal behavior that disrupts life. Most people with bipolar I disorder also suffer from episodes of depression. Often, there is a pattern of cycling between mania and depression. This is where the term "manic depression" comes from. In between episodes of mania and depression, many people with bipolar I disorder can live normal lives. Understanding Bipolar Disorder Virtually anyone can develop bipolar I disorder. About 2.5% of the U. S. population suffers from bipolar disorder -- almost 6 million people. Most people are in their teens or early 20s when symptoms of bipolar disorder first appear. Nearly everyone with bipolar I disorder develops it before age 50. People with an immediate family member who has bipolar are at higher risk. During a manic episode in someone with bipolar disorder, elevated mood can manifest itself as either euphoria (feeling "high") or as irritability. Abnormal behavior during manic episodes includes: Flying suddenly from one idea to the next Rapid, "pressured" (uninterruptable), and loud speech Increased energy, with hyperactivity and a decreased need for sleep Inflated self-image Excessive spending Hypersexuality Substance abuse People in manic episodes may spend money far beyond their means, have sex with people they wouldn't otherwise, or pursue grandiose, unrealistic plans. In severe manic episodes, a person loses touch with reality. They may become delusional and behave bizarrely. Untreated, an episode of mania can last anywhere from a few days to several months. Most commonly, symptoms continue for a few weeks to a few months. Depression may follow shortly after, or not appear for weeks or months. Many people with bipolar I disorder experience long periods without symptoms in between episodes. A minority has rapid-cycling symptoms of mania and depression, in which they may have distinct periods of mania or depression four or more times within a year. People can also have mood episodes with "mixed features," in which manic and depressive symptoms occur simultaneously, or may alternate from one pole to the other within the same day. Depressive episodes in bipolar disorder are similar to "regular" clinical depression, with depressed mood, loss of pleasure, low energy and activity, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, and thoughts of suicide. Depressive symptoms of bipolar disorder can last weeks or months, but rarely longer than one year. Manic episodes in bipolar I disorder require treatment with drugs, such as mood stabilizers and antipsychotics, and sometimes sedative-hypnotics which include benzodiazepines such as clonazepam ( Klonopin) or lorazepam ( Ativan). Mood Stabilizers Lithium: This simple metal in pill form is especially effective at controlling mania that involves classical euphoria rather than mixtures of mania and depression simultaneously. Lithium has been used for more than 60 years to treat bipolar disorder. Lithium can take weeks to work fully, making it better for maintenance treatment than for sudden manic episodes. Blood levels of lithium as well as tests to measure kidney and thyroid functioning must be monitored to avoid side effects. Valproate ( Depakote): This antiseizure medication also works to level out moods. It is faster acting than lithium for an acute episode of mania. It is also often used "off label" for prevention of new episodes. As a mood stabilizer that can be used by a "loading dose" method -- beginning at a very high dose -- valproate allows the possibility of significant improvement in mood as early as four to five days. Some other antiseizure drugs, notably carbamazepine ( Tegretol) and lamotrigine ( Lamictal), can have value in treating or preventing manias or depressions. Other antiseizure medicines that are less well-established but still sometimes used experimentally for the treatment of bipolar disorder, such as oxcarbazapine ( Trileptal). Antipsychotics For severe manic episodes, traditional antipsychotics (such as Haldol, Loxapine, or Thorazine) as well as newer antipsychotic drugs -- also called atypical antipsychotics -- may be necessary. Cariprazine ( Vraylar) is a newly approved antipsychotic to treat manic or mixed episodes. Aripiprazole ( Abilify), asenapine ( Saphris), clozapine ( Clozaril), olanzapine ( Zyprexa), quetiapine ( Seroquel), risperidone ( Risperdal), and ziprasidone ( Geodon) are often used, and many other drugs are available. The antipsychotic lurasidone ( Latuda)is approved for use -- either alone or with lithium or valproate ( Depakote) -- in cases of bipolar I depression. Antipsychotic medicines are also sometimes used for preventive treatment. Benzodiazepines This class of drugs includes alprazolam ( Xanax), diazepam ( Valium), and lorazepam ( Ativan) and is commonly referred to as minor tranquilizers. They are sometimes used for short-term control of acute symptoms associated with mania such as agitation or insomnia, but they do not treat core mood symptoms such as euphoria or depression. Antidepressants Common antidepressants such as fluoxetine ( Prozac), paroxetine ( Paxil), and sertraline ( Zoloft) have not been shown to be as effective for treating depression in bipolar I disorder as in unipolar depression. In a small percentage of people, they can also set off or worsen a manic episode in a person with bipolar disorder. However, studies have shown that for bipolar II depression, some antidepressants (such as Prozac and Zoloft) may be safe and more helpful than in bipolar I depression. For these reasons, the first-line treatments for depression in bipolar disorder involve medicines that have been shown to have antidepressant properties but also no known risk for causing or worsening mania. The three FDA-approved treatments for bipolar depression are lurasidone ( Latuda), olanzapine-fluoxetine ( Symbyax) combination, quetiapine ( Seroquel) or quetiapine fumarate ( Seroquel XR). Other mood-stabilizing treatments that are sometimes recommended for treating acute bipolar depression include lithium, Depakote, and Lamictal (although none of these latter three medicines is FDA-approved specifically for bipolar depression). If these fail, after a few weeks a traditional antidepressant or other medicine may sometimes be added. Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, may also help. People with bipolar I disorder (mania or depression) have a high risk for recurrences and usually are advised to take medicines on a continuous basis for prevention. Electroconvulsive Therapy ( ECT) Despite its scary reputation, electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT) is a safe and effective treatment for both manic and depressive symptoms. ECT is often used to treat severe forms of depression or mania in bipolar I disorder when medicines may not be effective or likely to work fast enough to bring symptom relief. The causes of bipolar disorder are not well understood. It's not known if bipolar I disorder can be prevented entirely. It is possible to lower the risk of episodes of mania or depression once bipolar disorder has developed. Regular therapy sessions with a psychologist or social worker can help people to identify factors that can destabilize mood (such as poor medication adherence, sleep deprivation, drug or alcohol abuse, and poor stress management), leading to fewer hospitalizations and feeling better overall. Taking medicine on a regular basis can help to prevent future manic or depressive episodes. People with bipolar I disorder experience full episodes of mania -- the often severe abnormally elevated mood and behavior described above. These manic symptoms can lead to serious disruptions in life (for example, spending the family fortune, or having an unintended pregnancy). In bipolar II disorder, the symptoms of elevated mood never reach full-blown mania. They often pass for extreme cheerfulness, even making someone a lot of fun to be around -- the "life of the party." Not so bad, you might think -- except bipolar II disorder usually involves extensive and disabling periods of significant depression, which can often be harder to treat than if episodes of hypomania had never occurred.,Bipolar I disorder (pronounced "bipolar one" and also known as manic-depressive disorder or manic depression) is a form of mental illness.A person affected by bipolar I disorder has had at least one manic episode in his or her life.A manic episode is a period of abnormally elevated mood and high energy, accompanied by abnormal behavior that disrupts life.Most people with bipolar I disorder also suffer from episodes of depression.Often, there is a pattern of cycling between mania and depression.This is where the term "manic depression" comes from.In between episodes of mania and depression, many people with bipolar I disorder can live normal lives.Understanding Bipolar Disorder Virtually anyone can develop bipolar I disorder.About 2.5% of the U. S. population suffers from bipolar disorder -- almost 6 million people.Most people are in their teens or early 20s when symptoms of bipolar disorder first appear.Nearly everyone with bipolar I disorder develops it before age 50.People with an immediate family member who has bipolar are at higher risk.During a manic episode in someone with bipolar disorder, elevated mood can manifest itself as either euphoria (feeling "high") or as irritability.Abnormal behavior during manic episodes includes: Flying suddenly from one idea to the next Rapid, "pressured" (uninterruptable), and loud speech Increased energy, with hyperactivity and a decreased need for sleep Inflated self-image Excessive spending Hypersexuality Substance abuse People in manic episodes may spend money far beyond their means, have sex with people they wouldn't otherwise, or pursue grandiose, unrealistic plans.In severe manic episodes, a person loses touch with reality.They may become delusional and behave bizarrely.Untreated, an episode of mania can last anywhere from a few days to several months.Most commonly, symptoms continue for a few weeks to a few months.Depression may follow shortly after, or not appear for weeks or months.Many people with bipolar I disorder experience long periods without symptoms in between episodes.A minority has rapid-cycling symptoms of mania and depression, in which they may have distinct periods of mania or depression four or more times within a year.People can also have mood episodes with "mixed features," in which manic and depressive symptoms occur simultaneously, or may alternate from one pole to the other within the same day.Depressive episodes in bipolar disorder are similar to "regular" clinical depression, with depressed mood, loss of pleasure, low energy and activity, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, and thoughts of suicide.Depressive symptoms of bipolar disorder can last weeks or months, but rarely longer than one year.Manic episodes in bipolar I disorder require treatment with drugs, such as mood stabilizers and antipsychotics, and sometimes sedative-hypnotics which include benzodiazepines such as clonazepam ( Klonopin) or lorazepam ( Ativan).Mood Stabilizers Lithium: This simple metal in pill form is especially effective at controlling mania that involves classical euphoria rather than mixtures of mania and depression simultaneously.Lithium has been used for more than 60 years to treat bipolar disorder.Lithium can take weeks to work fully, making it better for maintenance treatment than for sudden manic episodes.Blood levels of lithium as well as tests to measure kidney and thyroid functioning must be monitored to avoid side effects.Valproate ( Depakote): This antiseizure medication also works to level out moods.It is faster acting than lithium for an acute episode of mania.It is also often used "off label" for prevention of new episodes.As a mood stabilizer that can be used by a "loading dose" method -- beginning at a very high dose -- valproate allows the possibility of significant improvement in mood as early as four to five days.Some other antiseizure drugs, notably carbamazepine ( Tegretol) and lamotrigine ( Lamictal), can have value in treating or preventing manias or depressions.Other antiseizure medicines that are less well-established but still sometimes used experimentally for the treatment of bipolar disorder, such as oxcarbazapine ( Trileptal).Antipsychotics For severe manic episodes, traditional antipsychotics (such as Haldol, Loxapine, or Thorazine) as well as newer antipsychotic drugs -- also called atypical antipsychotics -- may be necessary.Cariprazine ( Vraylar) is a newly approved antipsychotic to treat manic or mixed episodes.Aripiprazole ( Abilify), asenapine ( Saphris), clozapine ( Clozaril), olanzapine ( Zyprexa), quetiapine ( Seroquel), risperidone ( Risperdal), and ziprasidone ( Geodon) are often used, and many other drugs are available.The antipsychotic lurasidone ( Latuda)is approved for use -- either alone or with lithium or valproate ( Depakote) -- in cases of bipolar I depression.Antipsychotic medicines are also sometimes used for preventive treatment.Benzodiazepines This class of drugs includes alprazolam ( Xanax), diazepam ( Valium), and lorazepam ( Ativan) and is commonly referred to as minor tranquilizers.They are sometimes used for short-term control of acute symptoms associated with mania such as agitation or insomnia, but they do not treat core mood symptoms such as euphoria or depression.Antidepressants Common antidepressants such as fluoxetine ( Prozac), paroxetine ( Paxil), and sertraline ( Zoloft) have not been shown to be as effective for treating depression in bipolar I disorder as in unipolar depression.In a small percentage of people, they can also set off or worsen a manic episode in a person with bipolar disorder.However, studies have shown that for bipolar II depression, some antidepressants (such as Prozac and Zoloft) may be safe and more helpful than in bipolar I depression.For these reasons, the first-line treatments for depression in bipolar disorder involve medicines that have been shown to have antidepressant properties but also no known risk for causing or worsening mania.The three FDA-approved treatments for bipolar depression are lurasidone ( Latuda), olanzapine-fluoxetine ( Symbyax) combination, quetiapine ( Seroquel) or quetiapine fumarate ( Seroquel XR).Other mood-stabilizing treatments that are sometimes recommended for treating acute bipolar depression include lithium, Depakote, and Lamictal (although none of these latter three medicines is FDA-approved specifically for bipolar depression).If these fail, after a few weeks a traditional antidepressant or other medicine may sometimes be added.Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, may also help.People with bipolar I disorder (mania or depression) have a high risk for recurrences and usually are advised to take medicines on a continuous basis for prevention.Electroconvulsive Therapy ( ECT) Despite its scary reputation, electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT) is a safe and effective treatment for both manic and depressive symptoms.ECT is often used to treat severe forms of depression or mania in bipolar I disorder when medicines may not be effective or likely to work fast enough to bring symptom relief.The causes of bipolar disorder are not well understood.It's not known if bipolar I disorder can be prevented entirely.It is possible to lower the risk of episodes of mania or depression once bipolar disorder has developed.Regular therapy sessions with a psychologist or social worker can help people to identify factors that can destabilize mood (such as poor medication adherence, sleep deprivation, drug or alcohol abuse, and poor stress management), leading to fewer hospitalizations and feeling better overall.Taking medicine on a regular basis can help to prevent future manic or depressive episodes.People with bipolar I disorder experience full episodes of mania -- the often severe abnormally elevated mood and behavior described above.These manic symptoms can lead to serious disruptions in life (for example, spending the family fortune, or having an unintended pregnancy).In bipolar II disorder, the symptoms of elevated mood never reach full-blown mania.They often pass for extreme cheerfulness, even making someone a lot of fun to be around -- the "life of the party."Not so bad, you might think -- except bipolar II disorder usually involves extensive and disabling periods of significant depression, which can often be harder to treat than if episodes of hypomania had never occurred.

<human>: Which antipsychotic medications are used to treat bipolar I disorder? <bot>: Antipsychotics For severe manic episodes, traditional antipsychotics (such as Haldol, Loxapine, or Thorazine) as well as newer antipsychotic drugs -- also called atypical antipsychotics -- may be necessary. Cariprazine ( Vraylar) is a newly approved antipsychotic to treat manic or mixed episodes. Aripiprazole ( Abilify), asenapine ( Saphris), clozapine ( Clozaril), olanzapine ( Zyprexa), quetiapine ( Seroquel), risperidone ( Risperdal), and ziprasidone ( Geodon) are often used, and many other drugs are available. The antipsychotic lurasidone ( Latuda)is approved for use -- either alone or with lithium or valproate ( Depakote) -- in cases of bipolar I depression. Antipsychotic medicines are also sometimes used for preventive treatment.,context:Bipolar I disorder (pronounced "bipolar one" and also known as manic-depressive disorder or manic depression) is a form of mental illness. A person affected by bipolar I disorder has had at least one manic episode in his or her life. A manic episode is a period of abnormally elevated mood and high energy, accompanied by abnormal behavior that disrupts life. Most people with bipolar I disorder also suffer from episodes of depression. Often, there is a pattern of cycling between mania and depression. This is where the term "manic depression" comes from. In between episodes of mania and depression, many people with bipolar I disorder can live normal lives. Understanding Bipolar Disorder Virtually anyone can develop bipolar I disorder. About 2.5% of the U. S. population suffers from bipolar disorder -- almost 6 million people. Most people are in their teens or early 20s when symptoms of bipolar disorder first appear. Nearly everyone with bipolar I disorder develops it before age 50. People with an immediate family member who has bipolar are at higher risk. During a manic episode in someone with bipolar disorder, elevated mood can manifest itself as either euphoria (feeling "high") or as irritability. Abnormal behavior during manic episodes includes: Flying suddenly from one idea to the next Rapid, "pressured" (uninterruptable), and loud speech Increased energy, with hyperactivity and a decreased need for sleep Inflated self-image Excessive spending Hypersexuality Substance abuse People in manic episodes may spend money far beyond their means, have sex with people they wouldn't otherwise, or pursue grandiose, unrealistic plans. In severe manic episodes, a person loses touch with reality. They may become delusional and behave bizarrely. Untreated, an episode of mania can last anywhere from a few days to several months. Most commonly, symptoms continue for a few weeks to a few months. Depression may follow shortly after, or not appear for weeks or months. Many people with bipolar I disorder experience long periods without symptoms in between episodes. A minority has rapid-cycling symptoms of mania and depression, in which they may have distinct periods of mania or depression four or more times within a year. People can also have mood episodes with "mixed features," in which manic and depressive symptoms occur simultaneously, or may alternate from one pole to the other within the same day. Depressive episodes in bipolar disorder are similar to "regular" clinical depression, with depressed mood, loss of pleasure, low energy and activity, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, and thoughts of suicide. Depressive symptoms of bipolar disorder can last weeks or months, but rarely longer than one year. Manic episodes in bipolar I disorder require treatment with drugs, such as mood stabilizers and antipsychotics, and sometimes sedative-hypnotics which include benzodiazepines such as clonazepam ( Klonopin) or lorazepam ( Ativan). Mood Stabilizers Lithium: This simple metal in pill form is especially effective at controlling mania that involves classical euphoria rather than mixtures of mania and depression simultaneously. Lithium has been used for more than 60 years to treat bipolar disorder. Lithium can take weeks to work fully, making it better for maintenance treatment than for sudden manic episodes. Blood levels of lithium as well as tests to measure kidney and thyroid functioning must be monitored to avoid side effects. Valproate ( Depakote): This antiseizure medication also works to level out moods. It is faster acting than lithium for an acute episode of mania. It is also often used "off label" for prevention of new episodes. As a mood stabilizer that can be used by a "loading dose" method -- beginning at a very high dose -- valproate allows the possibility of significant improvement in mood as early as four to five days. Some other antiseizure drugs, notably carbamazepine ( Tegretol) and lamotrigine ( Lamictal), can have value in treating or preventing manias or depressions. Other antiseizure medicines that are less well-established but still sometimes used experimentally for the treatment of bipolar disorder, such as oxcarbazapine ( Trileptal). Antipsychotics For severe manic episodes, traditional antipsychotics (such as Haldol, Loxapine, or Thorazine) as well as newer antipsychotic drugs -- also called atypical antipsychotics -- may be necessary. Cariprazine ( Vraylar) is a newly approved antipsychotic to treat manic or mixed episodes. Aripiprazole ( Abilify), asenapine ( Saphris), clozapine ( Clozaril), olanzapine ( Zyprexa), quetiapine ( Seroquel), risperidone ( Risperdal), and ziprasidone ( Geodon) are often used, and many other drugs are available. The antipsychotic lurasidone ( Latuda)is approved for use -- either alone or with lithium or valproate ( Depakote) -- in cases of bipolar I depression. Antipsychotic medicines are also sometimes used for preventive treatment. Benzodiazepines This class of drugs includes alprazolam ( Xanax), diazepam ( Valium), and lorazepam ( Ativan) and is commonly referred to as minor tranquilizers. They are sometimes used for short-term control of acute symptoms associated with mania such as agitation or insomnia, but they do not treat core mood symptoms such as euphoria or depression. Antidepressants Common antidepressants such as fluoxetine ( Prozac), paroxetine ( Paxil), and sertraline ( Zoloft) have not been shown to be as effective for treating depression in bipolar I disorder as in unipolar depression. In a small percentage of people, they can also set off or worsen a manic episode in a person with bipolar disorder. However, studies have shown that for bipolar II depression, some antidepressants (such as Prozac and Zoloft) may be safe and more helpful than in bipolar I depression. For these reasons, the first-line treatments for depression in bipolar disorder involve medicines that have been shown to have antidepressant properties but also no known risk for causing or worsening mania. The three FDA-approved treatments for bipolar depression are lurasidone ( Latuda), olanzapine-fluoxetine ( Symbyax) combination, quetiapine ( Seroquel) or quetiapine fumarate ( Seroquel XR). Other mood-stabilizing treatments that are sometimes recommended for treating acute bipolar depression include lithium, Depakote, and Lamictal (although none of these latter three medicines is FDA-approved specifically for bipolar depression). If these fail, after a few weeks a traditional antidepressant or other medicine may sometimes be added. Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, may also help. People with bipolar I disorder (mania or depression) have a high risk for recurrences and usually are advised to take medicines on a continuous basis for prevention. Electroconvulsive Therapy ( ECT) Despite its scary reputation, electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT) is a safe and effective treatment for both manic and depressive symptoms. ECT is often used to treat severe forms of depression or mania in bipolar I disorder when medicines may not be effective or likely to work fast enough to bring symptom relief. The causes of bipolar disorder are not well understood. It's not known if bipolar I disorder can be prevented entirely. It is possible to lower the risk of episodes of mania or depression once bipolar disorder has developed. Regular therapy sessions with a psychologist or social worker can help people to identify factors that can destabilize mood (such as poor medication adherence, sleep deprivation, drug or alcohol abuse, and poor stress management), leading to fewer hospitalizations and feeling better overall. Taking medicine on a regular basis can help to prevent future manic or depressive episodes. People with bipolar I disorder experience full episodes of mania -- the often severe abnormally elevated mood and behavior described above. These manic symptoms can lead to serious disruptions in life (for example, spending the family fortune, or having an unintended pregnancy). In bipolar II disorder, the symptoms of elevated mood never reach full-blown mania. They often pass for extreme cheerfulness, even making someone a lot of fun to be around -- the "life of the party." Not so bad, you might think -- except bipolar II disorder usually involves extensive and disabling periods of significant depression, which can often be harder to treat than if episodes of hypomania had never occurred.,Bipolar I disorder (pronounced "bipolar one" and also known as manic-depressive disorder or manic depression) is a form of mental illness.A person affected by bipolar I disorder has had at least one manic episode in his or her life.A manic episode is a period of abnormally elevated mood and high energy, accompanied by abnormal behavior that disrupts life.Most people with bipolar I disorder also suffer from episodes of depression.Often, there is a pattern of cycling between mania and depression.This is where the term "manic depression" comes from.In between episodes of mania and depression, many people with bipolar I disorder can live normal lives.Understanding Bipolar Disorder Virtually anyone can develop bipolar I disorder.About 2.5% of the U. S. population suffers from bipolar disorder -- almost 6 million people.Most people are in their teens or early 20s when symptoms of bipolar disorder first appear.Nearly everyone with bipolar I disorder develops it before age 50.People with an immediate family member who has bipolar are at higher risk.During a manic episode in someone with bipolar disorder, elevated mood can manifest itself as either euphoria (feeling "high") or as irritability.Abnormal behavior during manic episodes includes: Flying suddenly from one idea to the next Rapid, "pressured" (uninterruptable), and loud speech Increased energy, with hyperactivity and a decreased need for sleep Inflated self-image Excessive spending Hypersexuality Substance abuse People in manic episodes may spend money far beyond their means, have sex with people they wouldn't otherwise, or pursue grandiose, unrealistic plans.In severe manic episodes, a person loses touch with reality.They may become delusional and behave bizarrely.Untreated, an episode of mania can last anywhere from a few days to several months.Most commonly, symptoms continue for a few weeks to a few months.Depression may follow shortly after, or not appear for weeks or months.Many people with bipolar I disorder experience long periods without symptoms in between episodes.A minority has rapid-cycling symptoms of mania and depression, in which they may have distinct periods of mania or depression four or more times within a year.People can also have mood episodes with "mixed features," in which manic and depressive symptoms occur simultaneously, or may alternate from one pole to the other within the same day.Depressive episodes in bipolar disorder are similar to "regular" clinical depression, with depressed mood, loss of pleasure, low energy and activity, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, and thoughts of suicide.Depressive symptoms of bipolar disorder can last weeks or months, but rarely longer than one year.Manic episodes in bipolar I disorder require treatment with drugs, such as mood stabilizers and antipsychotics, and sometimes sedative-hypnotics which include benzodiazepines such as clonazepam ( Klonopin) or lorazepam ( Ativan).Mood Stabilizers Lithium: This simple metal in pill form is especially effective at controlling mania that involves classical euphoria rather than mixtures of mania and depression simultaneously.Lithium has been used for more than 60 years to treat bipolar disorder.Lithium can take weeks to work fully, making it better for maintenance treatment than for sudden manic episodes.Blood levels of lithium as well as tests to measure kidney and thyroid functioning must be monitored to avoid side effects.Valproate ( Depakote): This antiseizure medication also works to level out moods.It is faster acting than lithium for an acute episode of mania.It is also often used "off label" for prevention of new episodes.As a mood stabilizer that can be used by a "loading dose" method -- beginning at a very high dose -- valproate allows the possibility of significant improvement in mood as early as four to five days.Some other antiseizure drugs, notably carbamazepine ( Tegretol) and lamotrigine ( Lamictal), can have value in treating or preventing manias or depressions.Other antiseizure medicines that are less well-established but still sometimes used experimentally for the treatment of bipolar disorder, such as oxcarbazapine ( Trileptal).Antipsychotics For severe manic episodes, traditional antipsychotics (such as Haldol, Loxapine, or Thorazine) as well as newer antipsychotic drugs -- also called atypical antipsychotics -- may be necessary.Cariprazine ( Vraylar) is a newly approved antipsychotic to treat manic or mixed episodes.Aripiprazole ( Abilify), asenapine ( Saphris), clozapine ( Clozaril), olanzapine ( Zyprexa), quetiapine ( Seroquel), risperidone ( Risperdal), and ziprasidone ( Geodon) are often used, and many other drugs are available.The antipsychotic lurasidone ( Latuda)is approved for use -- either alone or with lithium or valproate ( Depakote) -- in cases of bipolar I depression.Antipsychotic medicines are also sometimes used for preventive treatment.Benzodiazepines This class of drugs includes alprazolam ( Xanax), diazepam ( Valium), and lorazepam ( Ativan) and is commonly referred to as minor tranquilizers.They are sometimes used for short-term control of acute symptoms associated with mania such as agitation or insomnia, but they do not treat core mood symptoms such as euphoria or depression.Antidepressants Common antidepressants such as fluoxetine ( Prozac), paroxetine ( Paxil), and sertraline ( Zoloft) have not been shown to be as effective for treating depression in bipolar I disorder as in unipolar depression.In a small percentage of people, they can also set off or worsen a manic episode in a person with bipolar disorder.However, studies have shown that for bipolar II depression, some antidepressants (such as Prozac and Zoloft) may be safe and more helpful than in bipolar I depression.For these reasons, the first-line treatments for depression in bipolar disorder involve medicines that have been shown to have antidepressant properties but also no known risk for causing or worsening mania.The three FDA-approved treatments for bipolar depression are lurasidone ( Latuda), olanzapine-fluoxetine ( Symbyax) combination, quetiapine ( Seroquel) or quetiapine fumarate ( Seroquel XR).Other mood-stabilizing treatments that are sometimes recommended for treating acute bipolar depression include lithium, Depakote, and Lamictal (although none of these latter three medicines is FDA-approved specifically for bipolar depression).If these fail, after a few weeks a traditional antidepressant or other medicine may sometimes be added.Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, may also help.People with bipolar I disorder (mania or depression) have a high risk for recurrences and usually are advised to take medicines on a continuous basis for prevention.Electroconvulsive Therapy ( ECT) Despite its scary reputation, electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT) is a safe and effective treatment for both manic and depressive symptoms.ECT is often used to treat severe forms of depression or mania in bipolar I disorder when medicines may not be effective or likely to work fast enough to bring symptom relief.The causes of bipolar disorder are not well understood.It's not known if bipolar I disorder can be prevented entirely.It is possible to lower the risk of episodes of mania or depression once bipolar disorder has developed.Regular therapy sessions with a psychologist or social worker can help people to identify factors that can destabilize mood (such as poor medication adherence, sleep deprivation, drug or alcohol abuse, and poor stress management), leading to fewer hospitalizations and feeling better overall.Taking medicine on a regular basis can help to prevent future manic or depressive episodes.People with bipolar I disorder experience full episodes of mania -- the often severe abnormally elevated mood and behavior described above.These manic symptoms can lead to serious disruptions in life (for example, spending the family fortune, or having an unintended pregnancy).In bipolar II disorder, the symptoms of elevated mood never reach full-blown mania.They often pass for extreme cheerfulness, even making someone a lot of fun to be around -- the "life of the party."Not so bad, you might think -- except bipolar II disorder usually involves extensive and disabling periods of significant depression, which can often be harder to treat than if episodes of hypomania had never occurred.

<human>: How are manic bipolar I disorder episodes treated? <bot>: Manic episodes in bipolar I disorder require treatment with drugs, such as mood stabilizers and antipsychotics, and sometimes sedative-hypnotics which include benzodiazepines such as clonazepam ( Klonopin) or lorazepam ( Ativan).,context:Bipolar I disorder (pronounced "bipolar one" and also known as manic-depressive disorder or manic depression) is a form of mental illness. A person affected by bipolar I disorder has had at least one manic episode in his or her life. A manic episode is a period of abnormally elevated mood and high energy, accompanied by abnormal behavior that disrupts life. Most people with bipolar I disorder also suffer from episodes of depression. Often, there is a pattern of cycling between mania and depression. This is where the term "manic depression" comes from. In between episodes of mania and depression, many people with bipolar I disorder can live normal lives. Understanding Bipolar Disorder Virtually anyone can develop bipolar I disorder. About 2.5% of the U. S. population suffers from bipolar disorder -- almost 6 million people. Most people are in their teens or early 20s when symptoms of bipolar disorder first appear. Nearly everyone with bipolar I disorder develops it before age 50. People with an immediate family member who has bipolar are at higher risk. During a manic episode in someone with bipolar disorder, elevated mood can manifest itself as either euphoria (feeling "high") or as irritability. Abnormal behavior during manic episodes includes: Flying suddenly from one idea to the next Rapid, "pressured" (uninterruptable), and loud speech Increased energy, with hyperactivity and a decreased need for sleep Inflated self-image Excessive spending Hypersexuality Substance abuse People in manic episodes may spend money far beyond their means, have sex with people they wouldn't otherwise, or pursue grandiose, unrealistic plans. In severe manic episodes, a person loses touch with reality. They may become delusional and behave bizarrely. Untreated, an episode of mania can last anywhere from a few days to several months. Most commonly, symptoms continue for a few weeks to a few months. Depression may follow shortly after, or not appear for weeks or months. Many people with bipolar I disorder experience long periods without symptoms in between episodes. A minority has rapid-cycling symptoms of mania and depression, in which they may have distinct periods of mania or depression four or more times within a year. People can also have mood episodes with "mixed features," in which manic and depressive symptoms occur simultaneously, or may alternate from one pole to the other within the same day. Depressive episodes in bipolar disorder are similar to "regular" clinical depression, with depressed mood, loss of pleasure, low energy and activity, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, and thoughts of suicide. Depressive symptoms of bipolar disorder can last weeks or months, but rarely longer than one year. Manic episodes in bipolar I disorder require treatment with drugs, such as mood stabilizers and antipsychotics, and sometimes sedative-hypnotics which include benzodiazepines such as clonazepam ( Klonopin) or lorazepam ( Ativan). Mood Stabilizers Lithium: This simple metal in pill form is especially effective at controlling mania that involves classical euphoria rather than mixtures of mania and depression simultaneously. Lithium has been used for more than 60 years to treat bipolar disorder. Lithium can take weeks to work fully, making it better for maintenance treatment than for sudden manic episodes. Blood levels of lithium as well as tests to measure kidney and thyroid functioning must be monitored to avoid side effects. Valproate ( Depakote): This antiseizure medication also works to level out moods. It is faster acting than lithium for an acute episode of mania. It is also often used "off label" for prevention of new episodes. As a mood stabilizer that can be used by a "loading dose" method -- beginning at a very high dose -- valproate allows the possibility of significant improvement in mood as early as four to five days. Some other antiseizure drugs, notably carbamazepine ( Tegretol) and lamotrigine ( Lamictal), can have value in treating or preventing manias or depressions. Other antiseizure medicines that are less well-established but still sometimes used experimentally for the treatment of bipolar disorder, such as oxcarbazapine ( Trileptal). Antipsychotics For severe manic episodes, traditional antipsychotics (such as Haldol, Loxapine, or Thorazine) as well as newer antipsychotic drugs -- also called atypical antipsychotics -- may be necessary. Cariprazine ( Vraylar) is a newly approved antipsychotic to treat manic or mixed episodes. Aripiprazole ( Abilify), asenapine ( Saphris), clozapine ( Clozaril), olanzapine ( Zyprexa), quetiapine ( Seroquel), risperidone ( Risperdal), and ziprasidone ( Geodon) are often used, and many other drugs are available. The antipsychotic lurasidone ( Latuda)is approved for use -- either alone or with lithium or valproate ( Depakote) -- in cases of bipolar I depression. Antipsychotic medicines are also sometimes used for preventive treatment. Benzodiazepines This class of drugs includes alprazolam ( Xanax), diazepam ( Valium), and lorazepam ( Ativan) and is commonly referred to as minor tranquilizers. They are sometimes used for short-term control of acute symptoms associated with mania such as agitation or insomnia, but they do not treat core mood symptoms such as euphoria or depression. Antidepressants Common antidepressants such as fluoxetine ( Prozac), paroxetine ( Paxil), and sertraline ( Zoloft) have not been shown to be as effective for treating depression in bipolar I disorder as in unipolar depression. In a small percentage of people, they can also set off or worsen a manic episode in a person with bipolar disorder. However, studies have shown that for bipolar II depression, some antidepressants (such as Prozac and Zoloft) may be safe and more helpful than in bipolar I depression. For these reasons, the first-line treatments for depression in bipolar disorder involve medicines that have been shown to have antidepressant properties but also no known risk for causing or worsening mania. The three FDA-approved treatments for bipolar depression are lurasidone ( Latuda), olanzapine-fluoxetine ( Symbyax) combination, quetiapine ( Seroquel) or quetiapine fumarate ( Seroquel XR). Other mood-stabilizing treatments that are sometimes recommended for treating acute bipolar depression include lithium, Depakote, and Lamictal (although none of these latter three medicines is FDA-approved specifically for bipolar depression). If these fail, after a few weeks a traditional antidepressant or other medicine may sometimes be added. Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, may also help. People with bipolar I disorder (mania or depression) have a high risk for recurrences and usually are advised to take medicines on a continuous basis for prevention. Electroconvulsive Therapy ( ECT) Despite its scary reputation, electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT) is a safe and effective treatment for both manic and depressive symptoms. ECT is often used to treat severe forms of depression or mania in bipolar I disorder when medicines may not be effective or likely to work fast enough to bring symptom relief. The causes of bipolar disorder are not well understood. It's not known if bipolar I disorder can be prevented entirely. It is possible to lower the risk of episodes of mania or depression once bipolar disorder has developed. Regular therapy sessions with a psychologist or social worker can help people to identify factors that can destabilize mood (such as poor medication adherence, sleep deprivation, drug or alcohol abuse, and poor stress management), leading to fewer hospitalizations and feeling better overall. Taking medicine on a regular basis can help to prevent future manic or depressive episodes. People with bipolar I disorder experience full episodes of mania -- the often severe abnormally elevated mood and behavior described above. These manic symptoms can lead to serious disruptions in life (for example, spending the family fortune, or having an unintended pregnancy). In bipolar II disorder, the symptoms of elevated mood never reach full-blown mania. They often pass for extreme cheerfulness, even making someone a lot of fun to be around -- the "life of the party." Not so bad, you might think -- except bipolar II disorder usually involves extensive and disabling periods of significant depression, which can often be harder to treat than if episodes of hypomania had never occurred.,Bipolar I disorder (pronounced "bipolar one" and also known as manic-depressive disorder or manic depression) is a form of mental illness.A person affected by bipolar I disorder has had at least one manic episode in his or her life.A manic episode is a period of abnormally elevated mood and high energy, accompanied by abnormal behavior that disrupts life.Most people with bipolar I disorder also suffer from episodes of depression.Often, there is a pattern of cycling between mania and depression.This is where the term "manic depression" comes from.In between episodes of mania and depression, many people with bipolar I disorder can live normal lives.Understanding Bipolar Disorder Virtually anyone can develop bipolar I disorder.About 2.5% of the U. S. population suffers from bipolar disorder -- almost 6 million people.Most people are in their teens or early 20s when symptoms of bipolar disorder first appear.Nearly everyone with bipolar I disorder develops it before age 50.People with an immediate family member who has bipolar are at higher risk.During a manic episode in someone with bipolar disorder, elevated mood can manifest itself as either euphoria (feeling "high") or as irritability.Abnormal behavior during manic episodes includes: Flying suddenly from one idea to the next Rapid, "pressured" (uninterruptable), and loud speech Increased energy, with hyperactivity and a decreased need for sleep Inflated self-image Excessive spending Hypersexuality Substance abuse People in manic episodes may spend money far beyond their means, have sex with people they wouldn't otherwise, or pursue grandiose, unrealistic plans.In severe manic episodes, a person loses touch with reality.They may become delusional and behave bizarrely.Untreated, an episode of mania can last anywhere from a few days to several months.Most commonly, symptoms continue for a few weeks to a few months.Depression may follow shortly after, or not appear for weeks or months.Many people with bipolar I disorder experience long periods without symptoms in between episodes.A minority has rapid-cycling symptoms of mania and depression, in which they may have distinct periods of mania or depression four or more times within a year.People can also have mood episodes with "mixed features," in which manic and depressive symptoms occur simultaneously, or may alternate from one pole to the other within the same day.Depressive episodes in bipolar disorder are similar to "regular" clinical depression, with depressed mood, loss of pleasure, low energy and activity, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, and thoughts of suicide.Depressive symptoms of bipolar disorder can last weeks or months, but rarely longer than one year.Manic episodes in bipolar I disorder require treatment with drugs, such as mood stabilizers and antipsychotics, and sometimes sedative-hypnotics which include benzodiazepines such as clonazepam ( Klonopin) or lorazepam ( Ativan).Mood Stabilizers Lithium: This simple metal in pill form is especially effective at controlling mania that involves classical euphoria rather than mixtures of mania and depression simultaneously.Lithium has been used for more than 60 years to treat bipolar disorder.Lithium can take weeks to work fully, making it better for maintenance treatment than for sudden manic episodes.Blood levels of lithium as well as tests to measure kidney and thyroid functioning must be monitored to avoid side effects.Valproate ( Depakote): This antiseizure medication also works to level out moods.It is faster acting than lithium for an acute episode of mania.It is also often used "off label" for prevention of new episodes.As a mood stabilizer that can be used by a "loading dose" method -- beginning at a very high dose -- valproate allows the possibility of significant improvement in mood as early as four to five days.Some other antiseizure drugs, notably carbamazepine ( Tegretol) and lamotrigine ( Lamictal), can have value in treating or preventing manias or depressions.Other antiseizure medicines that are less well-established but still sometimes used experimentally for the treatment of bipolar disorder, such as oxcarbazapine ( Trileptal).Antipsychotics For severe manic episodes, traditional antipsychotics (such as Haldol, Loxapine, or Thorazine) as well as newer antipsychotic drugs -- also called atypical antipsychotics -- may be necessary.Cariprazine ( Vraylar) is a newly approved antipsychotic to treat manic or mixed episodes.Aripiprazole ( Abilify), asenapine ( Saphris), clozapine ( Clozaril), olanzapine ( Zyprexa), quetiapine ( Seroquel), risperidone ( Risperdal), and ziprasidone ( Geodon) are often used, and many other drugs are available.The antipsychotic lurasidone ( Latuda)is approved for use -- either alone or with lithium or valproate ( Depakote) -- in cases of bipolar I depression.Antipsychotic medicines are also sometimes used for preventive treatment.Benzodiazepines This class of drugs includes alprazolam ( Xanax), diazepam ( Valium), and lorazepam ( Ativan) and is commonly referred to as minor tranquilizers.They are sometimes used for short-term control of acute symptoms associated with mania such as agitation or insomnia, but they do not treat core mood symptoms such as euphoria or depression.Antidepressants Common antidepressants such as fluoxetine ( Prozac), paroxetine ( Paxil), and sertraline ( Zoloft) have not been shown to be as effective for treating depression in bipolar I disorder as in unipolar depression.In a small percentage of people, they can also set off or worsen a manic episode in a person with bipolar disorder.However, studies have shown that for bipolar II depression, some antidepressants (such as Prozac and Zoloft) may be safe and more helpful than in bipolar I depression.For these reasons, the first-line treatments for depression in bipolar disorder involve medicines that have been shown to have antidepressant properties but also no known risk for causing or worsening mania.The three FDA-approved treatments for bipolar depression are lurasidone ( Latuda), olanzapine-fluoxetine ( Symbyax) combination, quetiapine ( Seroquel) or quetiapine fumarate ( Seroquel XR).Other mood-stabilizing treatments that are sometimes recommended for treating acute bipolar depression include lithium, Depakote, and Lamictal (although none of these latter three medicines is FDA-approved specifically for bipolar depression).If these fail, after a few weeks a traditional antidepressant or other medicine may sometimes be added.Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, may also help.People with bipolar I disorder (mania or depression) have a high risk for recurrences and usually are advised to take medicines on a continuous basis for prevention.Electroconvulsive Therapy ( ECT) Despite its scary reputation, electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT) is a safe and effective treatment for both manic and depressive symptoms.ECT is often used to treat severe forms of depression or mania in bipolar I disorder when medicines may not be effective or likely to work fast enough to bring symptom relief.The causes of bipolar disorder are not well understood.It's not known if bipolar I disorder can be prevented entirely.It is possible to lower the risk of episodes of mania or depression once bipolar disorder has developed.Regular therapy sessions with a psychologist or social worker can help people to identify factors that can destabilize mood (such as poor medication adherence, sleep deprivation, drug or alcohol abuse, and poor stress management), leading to fewer hospitalizations and feeling better overall.Taking medicine on a regular basis can help to prevent future manic or depressive episodes.People with bipolar I disorder experience full episodes of mania -- the often severe abnormally elevated mood and behavior described above.These manic symptoms can lead to serious disruptions in life (for example, spending the family fortune, or having an unintended pregnancy).In bipolar II disorder, the symptoms of elevated mood never reach full-blown mania.They often pass for extreme cheerfulness, even making someone a lot of fun to be around -- the "life of the party."Not so bad, you might think -- except bipolar II disorder usually involves extensive and disabling periods of significant depression, which can often be harder to treat than if episodes of hypomania had never occurred.

<human>: How is lithium used to treat bipolar I disorder? <bot>: Mood Stabilizers Lithium: This simple metal in pill form is especially effective at controlling mania that involves classical euphoria rather than mixtures of mania and depression simultaneously. Lithium has been used for more than 60 years to treat bipolar disorder. Lithium can take weeks to work fully, making it better for maintenance treatment than for sudden manic episodes. Blood levels of lithium as well as tests to measure kidney and thyroid functioning must be monitored to avoid side effects.,context:Bipolar I disorder (pronounced "bipolar one" and also known as manic-depressive disorder or manic depression) is a form of mental illness. A person affected by bipolar I disorder has had at least one manic episode in his or her life. A manic episode is a period of abnormally elevated mood and high energy, accompanied by abnormal behavior that disrupts life. Most people with bipolar I disorder also suffer from episodes of depression. Often, there is a pattern of cycling between mania and depression. This is where the term "manic depression" comes from. In between episodes of mania and depression, many people with bipolar I disorder can live normal lives. Understanding Bipolar Disorder Virtually anyone can develop bipolar I disorder. About 2.5% of the U. S. population suffers from bipolar disorder -- almost 6 million people. Most people are in their teens or early 20s when symptoms of bipolar disorder first appear. Nearly everyone with bipolar I disorder develops it before age 50. People with an immediate family member who has bipolar are at higher risk. During a manic episode in someone with bipolar disorder, elevated mood can manifest itself as either euphoria (feeling "high") or as irritability. Abnormal behavior during manic episodes includes: Flying suddenly from one idea to the next Rapid, "pressured" (uninterruptable), and loud speech Increased energy, with hyperactivity and a decreased need for sleep Inflated self-image Excessive spending Hypersexuality Substance abuse People in manic episodes may spend money far beyond their means, have sex with people they wouldn't otherwise, or pursue grandiose, unrealistic plans. In severe manic episodes, a person loses touch with reality. They may become delusional and behave bizarrely. Untreated, an episode of mania can last anywhere from a few days to several months. Most commonly, symptoms continue for a few weeks to a few months. Depression may follow shortly after, or not appear for weeks or months. Many people with bipolar I disorder experience long periods without symptoms in between episodes. A minority has rapid-cycling symptoms of mania and depression, in which they may have distinct periods of mania or depression four or more times within a year. People can also have mood episodes with "mixed features," in which manic and depressive symptoms occur simultaneously, or may alternate from one pole to the other within the same day. Depressive episodes in bipolar disorder are similar to "regular" clinical depression, with depressed mood, loss of pleasure, low energy and activity, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, and thoughts of suicide. Depressive symptoms of bipolar disorder can last weeks or months, but rarely longer than one year. Manic episodes in bipolar I disorder require treatment with drugs, such as mood stabilizers and antipsychotics, and sometimes sedative-hypnotics which include benzodiazepines such as clonazepam ( Klonopin) or lorazepam ( Ativan). Mood Stabilizers Lithium: This simple metal in pill form is especially effective at controlling mania that involves classical euphoria rather than mixtures of mania and depression simultaneously. Lithium has been used for more than 60 years to treat bipolar disorder. Lithium can take weeks to work fully, making it better for maintenance treatment than for sudden manic episodes. Blood levels of lithium as well as tests to measure kidney and thyroid functioning must be monitored to avoid side effects. Valproate ( Depakote): This antiseizure medication also works to level out moods. It is faster acting than lithium for an acute episode of mania. It is also often used "off label" for prevention of new episodes. As a mood stabilizer that can be used by a "loading dose" method -- beginning at a very high dose -- valproate allows the possibility of significant improvement in mood as early as four to five days. Some other antiseizure drugs, notably carbamazepine ( Tegretol) and lamotrigine ( Lamictal), can have value in treating or preventing manias or depressions. Other antiseizure medicines that are less well-established but still sometimes used experimentally for the treatment of bipolar disorder, such as oxcarbazapine ( Trileptal). Antipsychotics For severe manic episodes, traditional antipsychotics (such as Haldol, Loxapine, or Thorazine) as well as newer antipsychotic drugs -- also called atypical antipsychotics -- may be necessary. Cariprazine ( Vraylar) is a newly approved antipsychotic to treat manic or mixed episodes. Aripiprazole ( Abilify), asenapine ( Saphris), clozapine ( Clozaril), olanzapine ( Zyprexa), quetiapine ( Seroquel), risperidone ( Risperdal), and ziprasidone ( Geodon) are often used, and many other drugs are available. The antipsychotic lurasidone ( Latuda)is approved for use -- either alone or with lithium or valproate ( Depakote) -- in cases of bipolar I depression. Antipsychotic medicines are also sometimes used for preventive treatment. Benzodiazepines This class of drugs includes alprazolam ( Xanax), diazepam ( Valium), and lorazepam ( Ativan) and is commonly referred to as minor tranquilizers. They are sometimes used for short-term control of acute symptoms associated with mania such as agitation or insomnia, but they do not treat core mood symptoms such as euphoria or depression. Antidepressants Common antidepressants such as fluoxetine ( Prozac), paroxetine ( Paxil), and sertraline ( Zoloft) have not been shown to be as effective for treating depression in bipolar I disorder as in unipolar depression. In a small percentage of people, they can also set off or worsen a manic episode in a person with bipolar disorder. However, studies have shown that for bipolar II depression, some antidepressants (such as Prozac and Zoloft) may be safe and more helpful than in bipolar I depression. For these reasons, the first-line treatments for depression in bipolar disorder involve medicines that have been shown to have antidepressant properties but also no known risk for causing or worsening mania. The three FDA-approved treatments for bipolar depression are lurasidone ( Latuda), olanzapine-fluoxetine ( Symbyax) combination, quetiapine ( Seroquel) or quetiapine fumarate ( Seroquel XR). Other mood-stabilizing treatments that are sometimes recommended for treating acute bipolar depression include lithium, Depakote, and Lamictal (although none of these latter three medicines is FDA-approved specifically for bipolar depression). If these fail, after a few weeks a traditional antidepressant or other medicine may sometimes be added. Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, may also help. People with bipolar I disorder (mania or depression) have a high risk for recurrences and usually are advised to take medicines on a continuous basis for prevention. Electroconvulsive Therapy ( ECT) Despite its scary reputation, electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT) is a safe and effective treatment for both manic and depressive symptoms. ECT is often used to treat severe forms of depression or mania in bipolar I disorder when medicines may not be effective or likely to work fast enough to bring symptom relief. The causes of bipolar disorder are not well understood. It's not known if bipolar I disorder can be prevented entirely. It is possible to lower the risk of episodes of mania or depression once bipolar disorder has developed. Regular therapy sessions with a psychologist or social worker can help people to identify factors that can destabilize mood (such as poor medication adherence, sleep deprivation, drug or alcohol abuse, and poor stress management), leading to fewer hospitalizations and feeling better overall. Taking medicine on a regular basis can help to prevent future manic or depressive episodes. People with bipolar I disorder experience full episodes of mania -- the often severe abnormally elevated mood and behavior described above. These manic symptoms can lead to serious disruptions in life (for example, spending the family fortune, or having an unintended pregnancy). In bipolar II disorder, the symptoms of elevated mood never reach full-blown mania. They often pass for extreme cheerfulness, even making someone a lot of fun to be around -- the "life of the party." Not so bad, you might think -- except bipolar II disorder usually involves extensive and disabling periods of significant depression, which can often be harder to treat than if episodes of hypomania had never occurred.,Bipolar I disorder (pronounced "bipolar one" and also known as manic-depressive disorder or manic depression) is a form of mental illness.A person affected by bipolar I disorder has had at least one manic episode in his or her life.A manic episode is a period of abnormally elevated mood and high energy, accompanied by abnormal behavior that disrupts life.Most people with bipolar I disorder also suffer from episodes of depression.Often, there is a pattern of cycling between mania and depression.This is where the term "manic depression" comes from.In between episodes of mania and depression, many people with bipolar I disorder can live normal lives.Understanding Bipolar Disorder Virtually anyone can develop bipolar I disorder.About 2.5% of the U. S. population suffers from bipolar disorder -- almost 6 million people.Most people are in their teens or early 20s when symptoms of bipolar disorder first appear.Nearly everyone with bipolar I disorder develops it before age 50.People with an immediate family member who has bipolar are at higher risk.During a manic episode in someone with bipolar disorder, elevated mood can manifest itself as either euphoria (feeling "high") or as irritability.Abnormal behavior during manic episodes includes: Flying suddenly from one idea to the next Rapid, "pressured" (uninterruptable), and loud speech Increased energy, with hyperactivity and a decreased need for sleep Inflated self-image Excessive spending Hypersexuality Substance abuse People in manic episodes may spend money far beyond their means, have sex with people they wouldn't otherwise, or pursue grandiose, unrealistic plans.In severe manic episodes, a person loses touch with reality.They may become delusional and behave bizarrely.Untreated, an episode of mania can last anywhere from a few days to several months.Most commonly, symptoms continue for a few weeks to a few months.Depression may follow shortly after, or not appear for weeks or months.Many people with bipolar I disorder experience long periods without symptoms in between episodes.A minority has rapid-cycling symptoms of mania and depression, in which they may have distinct periods of mania or depression four or more times within a year.People can also have mood episodes with "mixed features," in which manic and depressive symptoms occur simultaneously, or may alternate from one pole to the other within the same day.Depressive episodes in bipolar disorder are similar to "regular" clinical depression, with depressed mood, loss of pleasure, low energy and activity, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, and thoughts of suicide.Depressive symptoms of bipolar disorder can last weeks or months, but rarely longer than one year.Manic episodes in bipolar I disorder require treatment with drugs, such as mood stabilizers and antipsychotics, and sometimes sedative-hypnotics which include benzodiazepines such as clonazepam ( Klonopin) or lorazepam ( Ativan).Mood Stabilizers Lithium: This simple metal in pill form is especially effective at controlling mania that involves classical euphoria rather than mixtures of mania and depression simultaneously.Lithium has been used for more than 60 years to treat bipolar disorder.Lithium can take weeks to work fully, making it better for maintenance treatment than for sudden manic episodes.Blood levels of lithium as well as tests to measure kidney and thyroid functioning must be monitored to avoid side effects.Valproate ( Depakote): This antiseizure medication also works to level out moods.It is faster acting than lithium for an acute episode of mania.It is also often used "off label" for prevention of new episodes.As a mood stabilizer that can be used by a "loading dose" method -- beginning at a very high dose -- valproate allows the possibility of significant improvement in mood as early as four to five days.Some other antiseizure drugs, notably carbamazepine ( Tegretol) and lamotrigine ( Lamictal), can have value in treating or preventing manias or depressions.Other antiseizure medicines that are less well-established but still sometimes used experimentally for the treatment of bipolar disorder, such as oxcarbazapine ( Trileptal).Antipsychotics For severe manic episodes, traditional antipsychotics (such as Haldol, Loxapine, or Thorazine) as well as newer antipsychotic drugs -- also called atypical antipsychotics -- may be necessary.Cariprazine ( Vraylar) is a newly approved antipsychotic to treat manic or mixed episodes.Aripiprazole ( Abilify), asenapine ( Saphris), clozapine ( Clozaril), olanzapine ( Zyprexa), quetiapine ( Seroquel), risperidone ( Risperdal), and ziprasidone ( Geodon) are often used, and many other drugs are available.The antipsychotic lurasidone ( Latuda)is approved for use -- either alone or with lithium or valproate ( Depakote) -- in cases of bipolar I depression.Antipsychotic medicines are also sometimes used for preventive treatment.Benzodiazepines This class of drugs includes alprazolam ( Xanax), diazepam ( Valium), and lorazepam ( Ativan) and is commonly referred to as minor tranquilizers.They are sometimes used for short-term control of acute symptoms associated with mania such as agitation or insomnia, but they do not treat core mood symptoms such as euphoria or depression.Antidepressants Common antidepressants such as fluoxetine ( Prozac), paroxetine ( Paxil), and sertraline ( Zoloft) have not been shown to be as effective for treating depression in bipolar I disorder as in unipolar depression.In a small percentage of people, they can also set off or worsen a manic episode in a person with bipolar disorder.However, studies have shown that for bipolar II depression, some antidepressants (such as Prozac and Zoloft) may be safe and more helpful than in bipolar I depression.For these reasons, the first-line treatments for depression in bipolar disorder involve medicines that have been shown to have antidepressant properties but also no known risk for causing or worsening mania.The three FDA-approved treatments for bipolar depression are lurasidone ( Latuda), olanzapine-fluoxetine ( Symbyax) combination, quetiapine ( Seroquel) or quetiapine fumarate ( Seroquel XR).Other mood-stabilizing treatments that are sometimes recommended for treating acute bipolar depression include lithium, Depakote, and Lamictal (although none of these latter three medicines is FDA-approved specifically for bipolar depression).If these fail, after a few weeks a traditional antidepressant or other medicine may sometimes be added.Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, may also help.People with bipolar I disorder (mania or depression) have a high risk for recurrences and usually are advised to take medicines on a continuous basis for prevention.Electroconvulsive Therapy ( ECT) Despite its scary reputation, electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT) is a safe and effective treatment for both manic and depressive symptoms.ECT is often used to treat severe forms of depression or mania in bipolar I disorder when medicines may not be effective or likely to work fast enough to bring symptom relief.The causes of bipolar disorder are not well understood.It's not known if bipolar I disorder can be prevented entirely.It is possible to lower the risk of episodes of mania or depression once bipolar disorder has developed.Regular therapy sessions with a psychologist or social worker can help people to identify factors that can destabilize mood (such as poor medication adherence, sleep deprivation, drug or alcohol abuse, and poor stress management), leading to fewer hospitalizations and feeling better overall.Taking medicine on a regular basis can help to prevent future manic or depressive episodes.People with bipolar I disorder experience full episodes of mania -- the often severe abnormally elevated mood and behavior described above.These manic symptoms can lead to serious disruptions in life (for example, spending the family fortune, or having an unintended pregnancy).In bipolar II disorder, the symptoms of elevated mood never reach full-blown mania.They often pass for extreme cheerfulness, even making someone a lot of fun to be around -- the "life of the party."Not so bad, you might think -- except bipolar II disorder usually involves extensive and disabling periods of significant depression, which can often be harder to treat than if episodes of hypomania had never occurred.

<human>: Can bipolar disorder be prevented? <bot>: Other antiseizure medicines that are less well-established but still sometimes used experimentally for the treatment of bipolar disorder, such as oxcarbazapine ( Trileptal). It's not known if bipolar I disorder can be prevented entirely. It is possible to lower the risk of episodes of mania or depression once bipolar disorder has developed. Regular therapy sessions with a psychologist or social worker can help people to identify factors that can destabilize mood (such as poor medication adherence, sleep deprivation, drug or alcohol abuse, and poor stress management), leading to fewer hospitalizations and feeling better overall. Taking medicine on a regular basis can help to prevent future manic or depressive episodes.,context:Bipolar I disorder (pronounced "bipolar one" and also known as manic-depressive disorder or manic depression) is a form of mental illness. A person affected by bipolar I disorder has had at least one manic episode in his or her life. A manic episode is a period of abnormally elevated mood and high energy, accompanied by abnormal behavior that disrupts life. Most people with bipolar I disorder also suffer from episodes of depression. Often, there is a pattern of cycling between mania and depression. This is where the term "manic depression" comes from. In between episodes of mania and depression, many people with bipolar I disorder can live normal lives. Understanding Bipolar Disorder Virtually anyone can develop bipolar I disorder. About 2.5% of the U. S. population suffers from bipolar disorder -- almost 6 million people. Most people are in their teens or early 20s when symptoms of bipolar disorder first appear. Nearly everyone with bipolar I disorder develops it before age 50. People with an immediate family member who has bipolar are at higher risk. During a manic episode in someone with bipolar disorder, elevated mood can manifest itself as either euphoria (feeling "high") or as irritability. Abnormal behavior during manic episodes includes: Flying suddenly from one idea to the next Rapid, "pressured" (uninterruptable), and loud speech Increased energy, with hyperactivity and a decreased need for sleep Inflated self-image Excessive spending Hypersexuality Substance abuse People in manic episodes may spend money far beyond their means, have sex with people they wouldn't otherwise, or pursue grandiose, unrealistic plans. In severe manic episodes, a person loses touch with reality. They may become delusional and behave bizarrely. Untreated, an episode of mania can last anywhere from a few days to several months. Most commonly, symptoms continue for a few weeks to a few months. Depression may follow shortly after, or not appear for weeks or months. Many people with bipolar I disorder experience long periods without symptoms in between episodes. A minority has rapid-cycling symptoms of mania and depression, in which they may have distinct periods of mania or depression four or more times within a year. People can also have mood episodes with "mixed features," in which manic and depressive symptoms occur simultaneously, or may alternate from one pole to the other within the same day. Depressive episodes in bipolar disorder are similar to "regular" clinical depression, with depressed mood, loss of pleasure, low energy and activity, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, and thoughts of suicide. Depressive symptoms of bipolar disorder can last weeks or months, but rarely longer than one year. Manic episodes in bipolar I disorder require treatment with drugs, such as mood stabilizers and antipsychotics, and sometimes sedative-hypnotics which include benzodiazepines such as clonazepam ( Klonopin) or lorazepam ( Ativan). Mood Stabilizers Lithium: This simple metal in pill form is especially effective at controlling mania that involves classical euphoria rather than mixtures of mania and depression simultaneously. Lithium has been used for more than 60 years to treat bipolar disorder. Lithium can take weeks to work fully, making it better for maintenance treatment than for sudden manic episodes. Blood levels of lithium as well as tests to measure kidney and thyroid functioning must be monitored to avoid side effects. Valproate ( Depakote): This antiseizure medication also works to level out moods. It is faster acting than lithium for an acute episode of mania. It is also often used "off label" for prevention of new episodes. As a mood stabilizer that can be used by a "loading dose" method -- beginning at a very high dose -- valproate allows the possibility of significant improvement in mood as early as four to five days. Some other antiseizure drugs, notably carbamazepine ( Tegretol) and lamotrigine ( Lamictal), can have value in treating or preventing manias or depressions. Other antiseizure medicines that are less well-established but still sometimes used experimentally for the treatment of bipolar disorder, such as oxcarbazapine ( Trileptal). Antipsychotics For severe manic episodes, traditional antipsychotics (such as Haldol, Loxapine, or Thorazine) as well as newer antipsychotic drugs -- also called atypical antipsychotics -- may be necessary. Cariprazine ( Vraylar) is a newly approved antipsychotic to treat manic or mixed episodes. Aripiprazole ( Abilify), asenapine ( Saphris), clozapine ( Clozaril), olanzapine ( Zyprexa), quetiapine ( Seroquel), risperidone ( Risperdal), and ziprasidone ( Geodon) are often used, and many other drugs are available. The antipsychotic lurasidone ( Latuda)is approved for use -- either alone or with lithium or valproate ( Depakote) -- in cases of bipolar I depression. Antipsychotic medicines are also sometimes used for preventive treatment. Benzodiazepines This class of drugs includes alprazolam ( Xanax), diazepam ( Valium), and lorazepam ( Ativan) and is commonly referred to as minor tranquilizers. They are sometimes used for short-term control of acute symptoms associated with mania such as agitation or insomnia, but they do not treat core mood symptoms such as euphoria or depression. Antidepressants Common antidepressants such as fluoxetine ( Prozac), paroxetine ( Paxil), and sertraline ( Zoloft) have not been shown to be as effective for treating depression in bipolar I disorder as in unipolar depression. In a small percentage of people, they can also set off or worsen a manic episode in a person with bipolar disorder. However, studies have shown that for bipolar II depression, some antidepressants (such as Prozac and Zoloft) may be safe and more helpful than in bipolar I depression. For these reasons, the first-line treatments for depression in bipolar disorder involve medicines that have been shown to have antidepressant properties but also no known risk for causing or worsening mania. The three FDA-approved treatments for bipolar depression are lurasidone ( Latuda), olanzapine-fluoxetine ( Symbyax) combination, quetiapine ( Seroquel) or quetiapine fumarate ( Seroquel XR). Other mood-stabilizing treatments that are sometimes recommended for treating acute bipolar depression include lithium, Depakote, and Lamictal (although none of these latter three medicines is FDA-approved specifically for bipolar depression). If these fail, after a few weeks a traditional antidepressant or other medicine may sometimes be added. Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, may also help. People with bipolar I disorder (mania or depression) have a high risk for recurrences and usually are advised to take medicines on a continuous basis for prevention. Electroconvulsive Therapy ( ECT) Despite its scary reputation, electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT) is a safe and effective treatment for both manic and depressive symptoms. ECT is often used to treat severe forms of depression or mania in bipolar I disorder when medicines may not be effective or likely to work fast enough to bring symptom relief. The causes of bipolar disorder are not well understood. It's not known if bipolar I disorder can be prevented entirely. It is possible to lower the risk of episodes of mania or depression once bipolar disorder has developed. Regular therapy sessions with a psychologist or social worker can help people to identify factors that can destabilize mood (such as poor medication adherence, sleep deprivation, drug or alcohol abuse, and poor stress management), leading to fewer hospitalizations and feeling better overall. Taking medicine on a regular basis can help to prevent future manic or depressive episodes. People with bipolar I disorder experience full episodes of mania -- the often severe abnormally elevated mood and behavior described above. These manic symptoms can lead to serious disruptions in life (for example, spending the family fortune, or having an unintended pregnancy). In bipolar II disorder, the symptoms of elevated mood never reach full-blown mania. They often pass for extreme cheerfulness, even making someone a lot of fun to be around -- the "life of the party." Not so bad, you might think -- except bipolar II disorder usually involves extensive and disabling periods of significant depression, which can often be harder to treat than if episodes of hypomania had never occurred.,Bipolar I disorder (pronounced "bipolar one" and also known as manic-depressive disorder or manic depression) is a form of mental illness.A person affected by bipolar I disorder has had at least one manic episode in his or her life.A manic episode is a period of abnormally elevated mood and high energy, accompanied by abnormal behavior that disrupts life.Most people with bipolar I disorder also suffer from episodes of depression.Often, there is a pattern of cycling between mania and depression.This is where the term "manic depression" comes from.In between episodes of mania and depression, many people with bipolar I disorder can live normal lives.Understanding Bipolar Disorder Virtually anyone can develop bipolar I disorder.About 2.5% of the U. S. population suffers from bipolar disorder -- almost 6 million people.Most people are in their teens or early 20s when symptoms of bipolar disorder first appear.Nearly everyone with bipolar I disorder develops it before age 50.People with an immediate family member who has bipolar are at higher risk.During a manic episode in someone with bipolar disorder, elevated mood can manifest itself as either euphoria (feeling "high") or as irritability.Abnormal behavior during manic episodes includes: Flying suddenly from one idea to the next Rapid, "pressured" (uninterruptable), and loud speech Increased energy, with hyperactivity and a decreased need for sleep Inflated self-image Excessive spending Hypersexuality Substance abuse People in manic episodes may spend money far beyond their means, have sex with people they wouldn't otherwise, or pursue grandiose, unrealistic plans.In severe manic episodes, a person loses touch with reality.They may become delusional and behave bizarrely.Untreated, an episode of mania can last anywhere from a few days to several months.Most commonly, symptoms continue for a few weeks to a few months.Depression may follow shortly after, or not appear for weeks or months.Many people with bipolar I disorder experience long periods without symptoms in between episodes.A minority has rapid-cycling symptoms of mania and depression, in which they may have distinct periods of mania or depression four or more times within a year.People can also have mood episodes with "mixed features," in which manic and depressive symptoms occur simultaneously, or may alternate from one pole to the other within the same day.Depressive episodes in bipolar disorder are similar to "regular" clinical depression, with depressed mood, loss of pleasure, low energy and activity, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, and thoughts of suicide.Depressive symptoms of bipolar disorder can last weeks or months, but rarely longer than one year.Manic episodes in bipolar I disorder require treatment with drugs, such as mood stabilizers and antipsychotics, and sometimes sedative-hypnotics which include benzodiazepines such as clonazepam ( Klonopin) or lorazepam ( Ativan).Mood Stabilizers Lithium: This simple metal in pill form is especially effective at controlling mania that involves classical euphoria rather than mixtures of mania and depression simultaneously.Lithium has been used for more than 60 years to treat bipolar disorder.Lithium can take weeks to work fully, making it better for maintenance treatment than for sudden manic episodes.Blood levels of lithium as well as tests to measure kidney and thyroid functioning must be monitored to avoid side effects.Valproate ( Depakote): This antiseizure medication also works to level out moods.It is faster acting than lithium for an acute episode of mania.It is also often used "off label" for prevention of new episodes.As a mood stabilizer that can be used by a "loading dose" method -- beginning at a very high dose -- valproate allows the possibility of significant improvement in mood as early as four to five days.Some other antiseizure drugs, notably carbamazepine ( Tegretol) and lamotrigine ( Lamictal), can have value in treating or preventing manias or depressions.Other antiseizure medicines that are less well-established but still sometimes used experimentally for the treatment of bipolar disorder, such as oxcarbazapine ( Trileptal).Antipsychotics For severe manic episodes, traditional antipsychotics (such as Haldol, Loxapine, or Thorazine) as well as newer antipsychotic drugs -- also called atypical antipsychotics -- may be necessary.Cariprazine ( Vraylar) is a newly approved antipsychotic to treat manic or mixed episodes.Aripiprazole ( Abilify), asenapine ( Saphris), clozapine ( Clozaril), olanzapine ( Zyprexa), quetiapine ( Seroquel), risperidone ( Risperdal), and ziprasidone ( Geodon) are often used, and many other drugs are available.The antipsychotic lurasidone ( Latuda)is approved for use -- either alone or with lithium or valproate ( Depakote) -- in cases of bipolar I depression.Antipsychotic medicines are also sometimes used for preventive treatment.Benzodiazepines This class of drugs includes alprazolam ( Xanax), diazepam ( Valium), and lorazepam ( Ativan) and is commonly referred to as minor tranquilizers.They are sometimes used for short-term control of acute symptoms associated with mania such as agitation or insomnia, but they do not treat core mood symptoms such as euphoria or depression.Antidepressants Common antidepressants such as fluoxetine ( Prozac), paroxetine ( Paxil), and sertraline ( Zoloft) have not been shown to be as effective for treating depression in bipolar I disorder as in unipolar depression.In a small percentage of people, they can also set off or worsen a manic episode in a person with bipolar disorder.However, studies have shown that for bipolar II depression, some antidepressants (such as Prozac and Zoloft) may be safe and more helpful than in bipolar I depression.For these reasons, the first-line treatments for depression in bipolar disorder involve medicines that have been shown to have antidepressant properties but also no known risk for causing or worsening mania.The three FDA-approved treatments for bipolar depression are lurasidone ( Latuda), olanzapine-fluoxetine ( Symbyax) combination, quetiapine ( Seroquel) or quetiapine fumarate ( Seroquel XR).Other mood-stabilizing treatments that are sometimes recommended for treating acute bipolar depression include lithium, Depakote, and Lamictal (although none of these latter three medicines is FDA-approved specifically for bipolar depression).If these fail, after a few weeks a traditional antidepressant or other medicine may sometimes be added.Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, may also help.People with bipolar I disorder (mania or depression) have a high risk for recurrences and usually are advised to take medicines on a continuous basis for prevention.Electroconvulsive Therapy ( ECT) Despite its scary reputation, electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT) is a safe and effective treatment for both manic and depressive symptoms.ECT is often used to treat severe forms of depression or mania in bipolar I disorder when medicines may not be effective or likely to work fast enough to bring symptom relief.The causes of bipolar disorder are not well understood.It's not known if bipolar I disorder can be prevented entirely.It is possible to lower the risk of episodes of mania or depression once bipolar disorder has developed.Regular therapy sessions with a psychologist or social worker can help people to identify factors that can destabilize mood (such as poor medication adherence, sleep deprivation, drug or alcohol abuse, and poor stress management), leading to fewer hospitalizations and feeling better overall.Taking medicine on a regular basis can help to prevent future manic or depressive episodes.People with bipolar I disorder experience full episodes of mania -- the often severe abnormally elevated mood and behavior described above.These manic symptoms can lead to serious disruptions in life (for example, spending the family fortune, or having an unintended pregnancy).In bipolar II disorder, the symptoms of elevated mood never reach full-blown mania.They often pass for extreme cheerfulness, even making someone a lot of fun to be around -- the "life of the party."Not so bad, you might think -- except bipolar II disorder usually involves extensive and disabling periods of significant depression, which can often be harder to treat than if episodes of hypomania had never occurred.

<human>: What are the symptoms of bipolar I disorder? <bot>: Abnormal behavior during manic episodes includes: Flying suddenly from one idea to the next Rapid, "pressured" (uninterruptable), and loud speech Increased energy, with hyperactivity and a decreased need for sleep Inflated self-image Excessive spending Hypersexuality Substance abuse People in manic episodes may spend money far beyond their means, have sex with people they wouldn't otherwise, or pursue grandiose, unrealistic plans. In severe manic episodes, a person loses touch with reality. They may become delusional and behave bizarrely. As a mood stabilizer that can be used by a "loading dose" method -- beginning at a very high dose -- valproate allows the possibility of significant improvement in mood as early as four to five days.,context:Bipolar I disorder (pronounced "bipolar one" and also known as manic-depressive disorder or manic depression) is a form of mental illness. A person affected by bipolar I disorder has had at least one manic episode in his or her life. A manic episode is a period of abnormally elevated mood and high energy, accompanied by abnormal behavior that disrupts life. Most people with bipolar I disorder also suffer from episodes of depression. Often, there is a pattern of cycling between mania and depression. This is where the term "manic depression" comes from. In between episodes of mania and depression, many people with bipolar I disorder can live normal lives. Understanding Bipolar Disorder Virtually anyone can develop bipolar I disorder. About 2.5% of the U. S. population suffers from bipolar disorder -- almost 6 million people. Most people are in their teens or early 20s when symptoms of bipolar disorder first appear. Nearly everyone with bipolar I disorder develops it before age 50. People with an immediate family member who has bipolar are at higher risk. During a manic episode in someone with bipolar disorder, elevated mood can manifest itself as either euphoria (feeling "high") or as irritability. Abnormal behavior during manic episodes includes: Flying suddenly from one idea to the next Rapid, "pressured" (uninterruptable), and loud speech Increased energy, with hyperactivity and a decreased need for sleep Inflated self-image Excessive spending Hypersexuality Substance abuse People in manic episodes may spend money far beyond their means, have sex with people they wouldn't otherwise, or pursue grandiose, unrealistic plans. In severe manic episodes, a person loses touch with reality. They may become delusional and behave bizarrely. Untreated, an episode of mania can last anywhere from a few days to several months. Most commonly, symptoms continue for a few weeks to a few months. Depression may follow shortly after, or not appear for weeks or months. Many people with bipolar I disorder experience long periods without symptoms in between episodes. A minority has rapid-cycling symptoms of mania and depression, in which they may have distinct periods of mania or depression four or more times within a year. People can also have mood episodes with "mixed features," in which manic and depressive symptoms occur simultaneously, or may alternate from one pole to the other within the same day. Depressive episodes in bipolar disorder are similar to "regular" clinical depression, with depressed mood, loss of pleasure, low energy and activity, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, and thoughts of suicide. Depressive symptoms of bipolar disorder can last weeks or months, but rarely longer than one year. Manic episodes in bipolar I disorder require treatment with drugs, such as mood stabilizers and antipsychotics, and sometimes sedative-hypnotics which include benzodiazepines such as clonazepam ( Klonopin) or lorazepam ( Ativan). Mood Stabilizers Lithium: This simple metal in pill form is especially effective at controlling mania that involves classical euphoria rather than mixtures of mania and depression simultaneously. Lithium has been used for more than 60 years to treat bipolar disorder. Lithium can take weeks to work fully, making it better for maintenance treatment than for sudden manic episodes. Blood levels of lithium as well as tests to measure kidney and thyroid functioning must be monitored to avoid side effects. Valproate ( Depakote): This antiseizure medication also works to level out moods. It is faster acting than lithium for an acute episode of mania. It is also often used "off label" for prevention of new episodes. As a mood stabilizer that can be used by a "loading dose" method -- beginning at a very high dose -- valproate allows the possibility of significant improvement in mood as early as four to five days. Some other antiseizure drugs, notably carbamazepine ( Tegretol) and lamotrigine ( Lamictal), can have value in treating or preventing manias or depressions. Other antiseizure medicines that are less well-established but still sometimes used experimentally for the treatment of bipolar disorder, such as oxcarbazapine ( Trileptal). Antipsychotics For severe manic episodes, traditional antipsychotics (such as Haldol, Loxapine, or Thorazine) as well as newer antipsychotic drugs -- also called atypical antipsychotics -- may be necessary. Cariprazine ( Vraylar) is a newly approved antipsychotic to treat manic or mixed episodes. Aripiprazole ( Abilify), asenapine ( Saphris), clozapine ( Clozaril), olanzapine ( Zyprexa), quetiapine ( Seroquel), risperidone ( Risperdal), and ziprasidone ( Geodon) are often used, and many other drugs are available. The antipsychotic lurasidone ( Latuda)is approved for use -- either alone or with lithium or valproate ( Depakote) -- in cases of bipolar I depression. Antipsychotic medicines are also sometimes used for preventive treatment. Benzodiazepines This class of drugs includes alprazolam ( Xanax), diazepam ( Valium), and lorazepam ( Ativan) and is commonly referred to as minor tranquilizers. They are sometimes used for short-term control of acute symptoms associated with mania such as agitation or insomnia, but they do not treat core mood symptoms such as euphoria or depression. Antidepressants Common antidepressants such as fluoxetine ( Prozac), paroxetine ( Paxil), and sertraline ( Zoloft) have not been shown to be as effective for treating depression in bipolar I disorder as in unipolar depression. In a small percentage of people, they can also set off or worsen a manic episode in a person with bipolar disorder. However, studies have shown that for bipolar II depression, some antidepressants (such as Prozac and Zoloft) may be safe and more helpful than in bipolar I depression. For these reasons, the first-line treatments for depression in bipolar disorder involve medicines that have been shown to have antidepressant properties but also no known risk for causing or worsening mania. The three FDA-approved treatments for bipolar depression are lurasidone ( Latuda), olanzapine-fluoxetine ( Symbyax) combination, quetiapine ( Seroquel) or quetiapine fumarate ( Seroquel XR). Other mood-stabilizing treatments that are sometimes recommended for treating acute bipolar depression include lithium, Depakote, and Lamictal (although none of these latter three medicines is FDA-approved specifically for bipolar depression). If these fail, after a few weeks a traditional antidepressant or other medicine may sometimes be added. Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, may also help. People with bipolar I disorder (mania or depression) have a high risk for recurrences and usually are advised to take medicines on a continuous basis for prevention. Electroconvulsive Therapy ( ECT) Despite its scary reputation, electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT) is a safe and effective treatment for both manic and depressive symptoms. ECT is often used to treat severe forms of depression or mania in bipolar I disorder when medicines may not be effective or likely to work fast enough to bring symptom relief. The causes of bipolar disorder are not well understood. It's not known if bipolar I disorder can be prevented entirely. It is possible to lower the risk of episodes of mania or depression once bipolar disorder has developed. Regular therapy sessions with a psychologist or social worker can help people to identify factors that can destabilize mood (such as poor medication adherence, sleep deprivation, drug or alcohol abuse, and poor stress management), leading to fewer hospitalizations and feeling better overall. Taking medicine on a regular basis can help to prevent future manic or depressive episodes. People with bipolar I disorder experience full episodes of mania -- the often severe abnormally elevated mood and behavior described above. These manic symptoms can lead to serious disruptions in life (for example, spending the family fortune, or having an unintended pregnancy). In bipolar II disorder, the symptoms of elevated mood never reach full-blown mania. They often pass for extreme cheerfulness, even making someone a lot of fun to be around -- the "life of the party." Not so bad, you might think -- except bipolar II disorder usually involves extensive and disabling periods of significant depression, which can often be harder to treat than if episodes of hypomania had never occurred.,Bipolar I disorder (pronounced "bipolar one" and also known as manic-depressive disorder or manic depression) is a form of mental illness.A person affected by bipolar I disorder has had at least one manic episode in his or her life.A manic episode is a period of abnormally elevated mood and high energy, accompanied by abnormal behavior that disrupts life.Most people with bipolar I disorder also suffer from episodes of depression.Often, there is a pattern of cycling between mania and depression.This is where the term "manic depression" comes from.In between episodes of mania and depression, many people with bipolar I disorder can live normal lives.Understanding Bipolar Disorder Virtually anyone can develop bipolar I disorder.About 2.5% of the U. S. population suffers from bipolar disorder -- almost 6 million people.Most people are in their teens or early 20s when symptoms of bipolar disorder first appear.Nearly everyone with bipolar I disorder develops it before age 50.People with an immediate family member who has bipolar are at higher risk.During a manic episode in someone with bipolar disorder, elevated mood can manifest itself as either euphoria (feeling "high") or as irritability.Abnormal behavior during manic episodes includes: Flying suddenly from one idea to the next Rapid, "pressured" (uninterruptable), and loud speech Increased energy, with hyperactivity and a decreased need for sleep Inflated self-image Excessive spending Hypersexuality Substance abuse People in manic episodes may spend money far beyond their means, have sex with people they wouldn't otherwise, or pursue grandiose, unrealistic plans.In severe manic episodes, a person loses touch with reality.They may become delusional and behave bizarrely.Untreated, an episode of mania can last anywhere from a few days to several months.Most commonly, symptoms continue for a few weeks to a few months.Depression may follow shortly after, or not appear for weeks or months.Many people with bipolar I disorder experience long periods without symptoms in between episodes.A minority has rapid-cycling symptoms of mania and depression, in which they may have distinct periods of mania or depression four or more times within a year.People can also have mood episodes with "mixed features," in which manic and depressive symptoms occur simultaneously, or may alternate from one pole to the other within the same day.Depressive episodes in bipolar disorder are similar to "regular" clinical depression, with depressed mood, loss of pleasure, low energy and activity, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, and thoughts of suicide.Depressive symptoms of bipolar disorder can last weeks or months, but rarely longer than one year.Manic episodes in bipolar I disorder require treatment with drugs, such as mood stabilizers and antipsychotics, and sometimes sedative-hypnotics which include benzodiazepines such as clonazepam ( Klonopin) or lorazepam ( Ativan).Mood Stabilizers Lithium: This simple metal in pill form is especially effective at controlling mania that involves classical euphoria rather than mixtures of mania and depression simultaneously.Lithium has been used for more than 60 years to treat bipolar disorder.Lithium can take weeks to work fully, making it better for maintenance treatment than for sudden manic episodes.Blood levels of lithium as well as tests to measure kidney and thyroid functioning must be monitored to avoid side effects.Valproate ( Depakote): This antiseizure medication also works to level out moods.It is faster acting than lithium for an acute episode of mania.It is also often used "off label" for prevention of new episodes.As a mood stabilizer that can be used by a "loading dose" method -- beginning at a very high dose -- valproate allows the possibility of significant improvement in mood as early as four to five days.Some other antiseizure drugs, notably carbamazepine ( Tegretol) and lamotrigine ( Lamictal), can have value in treating or preventing manias or depressions.Other antiseizure medicines that are less well-established but still sometimes used experimentally for the treatment of bipolar disorder, such as oxcarbazapine ( Trileptal).Antipsychotics For severe manic episodes, traditional antipsychotics (such as Haldol, Loxapine, or Thorazine) as well as newer antipsychotic drugs -- also called atypical antipsychotics -- may be necessary.Cariprazine ( Vraylar) is a newly approved antipsychotic to treat manic or mixed episodes.Aripiprazole ( Abilify), asenapine ( Saphris), clozapine ( Clozaril), olanzapine ( Zyprexa), quetiapine ( Seroquel), risperidone ( Risperdal), and ziprasidone ( Geodon) are often used, and many other drugs are available.The antipsychotic lurasidone ( Latuda)is approved for use -- either alone or with lithium or valproate ( Depakote) -- in cases of bipolar I depression.Antipsychotic medicines are also sometimes used for preventive treatment.Benzodiazepines This class of drugs includes alprazolam ( Xanax), diazepam ( Valium), and lorazepam ( Ativan) and is commonly referred to as minor tranquilizers.They are sometimes used for short-term control of acute symptoms associated with mania such as agitation or insomnia, but they do not treat core mood symptoms such as euphoria or depression.Antidepressants Common antidepressants such as fluoxetine ( Prozac), paroxetine ( Paxil), and sertraline ( Zoloft) have not been shown to be as effective for treating depression in bipolar I disorder as in unipolar depression.In a small percentage of people, they can also set off or worsen a manic episode in a person with bipolar disorder.However, studies have shown that for bipolar II depression, some antidepressants (such as Prozac and Zoloft) may be safe and more helpful than in bipolar I depression.For these reasons, the first-line treatments for depression in bipolar disorder involve medicines that have been shown to have antidepressant properties but also no known risk for causing or worsening mania.The three FDA-approved treatments for bipolar depression are lurasidone ( Latuda), olanzapine-fluoxetine ( Symbyax) combination, quetiapine ( Seroquel) or quetiapine fumarate ( Seroquel XR).Other mood-stabilizing treatments that are sometimes recommended for treating acute bipolar depression include lithium, Depakote, and Lamictal (although none of these latter three medicines is FDA-approved specifically for bipolar depression).If these fail, after a few weeks a traditional antidepressant or other medicine may sometimes be added.Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, may also help.People with bipolar I disorder (mania or depression) have a high risk for recurrences and usually are advised to take medicines on a continuous basis for prevention.Electroconvulsive Therapy ( ECT) Despite its scary reputation, electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT) is a safe and effective treatment for both manic and depressive symptoms.ECT is often used to treat severe forms of depression or mania in bipolar I disorder when medicines may not be effective or likely to work fast enough to bring symptom relief.The causes of bipolar disorder are not well understood.It's not known if bipolar I disorder can be prevented entirely.It is possible to lower the risk of episodes of mania or depression once bipolar disorder has developed.Regular therapy sessions with a psychologist or social worker can help people to identify factors that can destabilize mood (such as poor medication adherence, sleep deprivation, drug or alcohol abuse, and poor stress management), leading to fewer hospitalizations and feeling better overall.Taking medicine on a regular basis can help to prevent future manic or depressive episodes.People with bipolar I disorder experience full episodes of mania -- the often severe abnormally elevated mood and behavior described above.These manic symptoms can lead to serious disruptions in life (for example, spending the family fortune, or having an unintended pregnancy).In bipolar II disorder, the symptoms of elevated mood never reach full-blown mania.They often pass for extreme cheerfulness, even making someone a lot of fun to be around -- the "life of the party."Not so bad, you might think -- except bipolar II disorder usually involves extensive and disabling periods of significant depression, which can often be harder to treat than if episodes of hypomania had never occurred.

<human>: What is "nursemaid's elbow"? <bot>: Nursemaid's Elbow, or "pulled elbow," occurs in small children as a result of being lifted, yanked, swung by the hand or wrist, or falling on an outstretched arm. One of the arm bones slips out of place slightly. The child may: Complain that the elbow hurts Cry when the arm is moved or touched Hold the arm close to his or her side or support it with the other arm. Not use the arm The health care provider may see the child or refer you to a hospital emergency room.,context:Nursemaid's Elbow, or "pulled elbow," occurs in small children as a result of being lifted, yanked, swung by the hand or wrist, or falling on an outstretched arm. One of the arm bones slips out of place slightly. The child may: Complain that the elbow hurts Cry when the arm is moved or touched Hold the arm close to his or her side or support it with the other arm. Not use the arm The health care provider may see the child or refer you to a hospital emergency room. Do not try to put the bone back in place. If several hours or days pass before treatment, a sling, splint, or cast may be applied.ee a health care provider even if the bone seems to move back into place on its own. The health care provider will examine the elbow and may take an X-ray. The health care provider may do a gentle movement that lets the bone move back into place. The movement can hurt but will be very quick. Anesthesia or sedation are not required. The child will feel much better 5-10 minutes after the bone moves back into place. If your doctor is unable to put the elbow bone back into place, an orthopedic specialist will be called.,Nursemaid's Elbow, or "pulled elbow," occurs in small children as a result of being lifted, yanked, swung by the hand or wrist, or falling on an outstretched arm.One of the arm bones slips out of place slightly.The child may: Complain that the elbow hurts Cry when the arm is moved or touched Hold the arm close to his or her side or support it with the other arm.Not use the arm The health care provider may see the child or refer you to a hospital emergency room.Do not try to put the bone back in place.If several hours or days pass before treatment, a sling, splint, or cast may be applied.ee a health care provider even if the bone seems to move back into place on its own.The health care provider will examine the elbow and may take an X-ray.The health care provider may do a gentle movement that lets the bone move back into place.The movement can hurt but will be very quick.Anesthesia or sedation are not required.The child will feel much better 5-10 minutes after the bone moves back into place.If your doctor is unable to put the elbow bone back into place, an orthopedic specialist will be called.

<human>: How do the drugs Ditropan and Levsin work for bed-wetting, and what are their side effects? <bot>: Ditropan and Levsin Ditropan and Levsin work by reducing unwanted bladder contractions. Side effects may include: Dry mouth Drowsiness Flushing Heat sensitivity Constipation,context:If no underlying medical condition is causing your child's bed-wetting, there is no real medical need to treat him. Bed-wetting tends to go away by itself. However, if after talking to your child's doctor you decide to treat your child with medications, several drug therapies are available. The two drugs approved by the FDA specifically for bed-wetting are DDAVP and Tofranil. Other medications that are sometimes used to treat bed-wetting include Ditropan and Levsin. Drug therapy does not work for everyone, and these medications can have significant side effects. Talk to your child's doctor to determine if drug therapy is right for your child. Here's an overview of each drug used to treat bed-wetting: DDAVP DDAVP is a synthetic form of antidiuretic hormone ( ADH), a substance that occurs naturally in the body. This drug works by imitating ADH in the body, which reduces the amount of urine that the body produces and also increases the concentration of the urine. Its main use is for children who have not been helped by an alarm. It is also used as a stopgap measure to help children attend camps or sleepovers without embarrassment. It is an FDA-approved treatment for bed-wetting. DDAVP comes as a nasal spray or pill and is taken before bedtime. The dose is adjusted until effective. Once it is working, the dose is tapered, if possible. Side effects of DDAVP are uncommon but may include: Headache Runny nose Nasal stuffiness Nosebleeds Tofranil Tofranil is a tricyclic antidepressant that has been used to treat bed-wetting for about 30 years. How it works is not clear, but it is known to have a relaxing effect on the bladder, allowing the bladder to hold more urine comfortably. Side effects of Tofranil tend to be rare with correct dosage but may include: Nervousness Anxiety Constipation Personality changes A warning: Tofranil can have toxic side effects if taken improperly. Deaths have been attributed to accidental overdoses. Ditropan and Levsin Ditropan and Levsin work by reducing unwanted bladder contractions. Side effects may include: Dry mouth Drowsiness Flushing Heat sensitivity Constipation,If no underlying medical condition is causing your child's bed-wetting, there is no real medical need to treat him.Bed-wetting tends to go away by itself.However, if after talking to your child's doctor you decide to treat your child with medications, several drug therapies are available.The two drugs approved by the FDA specifically for bed-wetting are DDAVP and Tofranil.Other medications that are sometimes used to treat bed-wetting include Ditropan and Levsin.Drug therapy does not work for everyone, and these medications can have significant side effects.Talk to your child's doctor to determine if drug therapy is right for your child.Here's an overview of each drug used to treat bed-wetting: DDAVP DDAVP is a synthetic form of antidiuretic hormone ( ADH), a substance that occurs naturally in the body.This drug works by imitating ADH in the body, which reduces the amount of urine that the body produces and also increases the concentration of the urine.Its main use is for children who have not been helped by an alarm.It is also used as a stopgap measure to help children attend camps or sleepovers without embarrassment.It is an FDA-approved treatment for bed-wetting.DDAVP comes as a nasal spray or pill and is taken before bedtime.The dose is adjusted until effective.Once it is working, the dose is tapered, if possible.Side effects of DDAVP are uncommon but may include: Headache Runny nose Nasal stuffiness Nosebleeds Tofranil Tofranil is a tricyclic antidepressant that has been used to treat bed-wetting for about 30 years.How it works is not clear, but it is known to have a relaxing effect on the bladder, allowing the bladder to hold more urine comfortably.Side effects of Tofranil tend to be rare with correct dosage but may include: Nervousness Anxiety Constipation Personality changes A warning: Tofranil can have toxic side effects if taken improperly.Deaths have been attributed to accidental overdoses.Ditropan and Levsin Ditropan and Levsin work by reducing unwanted bladder contractions.Side effects may include: Dry mouth Drowsiness Flushing Heat sensitivity Constipation

<human>: What is Tofranil and how is it used to treat bed-wetting? <bot>: Side effects of DDAVP are uncommon but may include: Headache Runny nose Nasal stuffiness Nosebleeds Tofranil Tofranil is a tricyclic antidepressant that has been used to treat bed-wetting for about 30 years. How it works is not clear, but it is known to have a relaxing effect on the bladder, allowing the bladder to hold more urine comfortably. Side effects of Tofranil tend to be rare with correct dosage but may include: Nervousness Anxiety Constipation Personality changes A warning: Tofranil can have toxic side effects if taken improperly. Deaths have been attributed to accidental overdoses.,context:If no underlying medical condition is causing your child's bed-wetting, there is no real medical need to treat him. Bed-wetting tends to go away by itself. However, if after talking to your child's doctor you decide to treat your child with medications, several drug therapies are available. The two drugs approved by the FDA specifically for bed-wetting are DDAVP and Tofranil. Other medications that are sometimes used to treat bed-wetting include Ditropan and Levsin. Drug therapy does not work for everyone, and these medications can have significant side effects. Talk to your child's doctor to determine if drug therapy is right for your child. Here's an overview of each drug used to treat bed-wetting: DDAVP DDAVP is a synthetic form of antidiuretic hormone ( ADH), a substance that occurs naturally in the body. This drug works by imitating ADH in the body, which reduces the amount of urine that the body produces and also increases the concentration of the urine. Its main use is for children who have not been helped by an alarm. It is also used as a stopgap measure to help children attend camps or sleepovers without embarrassment. It is an FDA-approved treatment for bed-wetting. DDAVP comes as a nasal spray or pill and is taken before bedtime. The dose is adjusted until effective. Once it is working, the dose is tapered, if possible. Side effects of DDAVP are uncommon but may include: Headache Runny nose Nasal stuffiness Nosebleeds Tofranil Tofranil is a tricyclic antidepressant that has been used to treat bed-wetting for about 30 years. How it works is not clear, but it is known to have a relaxing effect on the bladder, allowing the bladder to hold more urine comfortably. Side effects of Tofranil tend to be rare with correct dosage but may include: Nervousness Anxiety Constipation Personality changes A warning: Tofranil can have toxic side effects if taken improperly. Deaths have been attributed to accidental overdoses. Ditropan and Levsin Ditropan and Levsin work by reducing unwanted bladder contractions. Side effects may include: Dry mouth Drowsiness Flushing Heat sensitivity Constipation,If no underlying medical condition is causing your child's bed-wetting, there is no real medical need to treat him.Bed-wetting tends to go away by itself.However, if after talking to your child's doctor you decide to treat your child with medications, several drug therapies are available.The two drugs approved by the FDA specifically for bed-wetting are DDAVP and Tofranil.Other medications that are sometimes used to treat bed-wetting include Ditropan and Levsin.Drug therapy does not work for everyone, and these medications can have significant side effects.Talk to your child's doctor to determine if drug therapy is right for your child.Here's an overview of each drug used to treat bed-wetting: DDAVP DDAVP is a synthetic form of antidiuretic hormone ( ADH), a substance that occurs naturally in the body.This drug works by imitating ADH in the body, which reduces the amount of urine that the body produces and also increases the concentration of the urine.Its main use is for children who have not been helped by an alarm.It is also used as a stopgap measure to help children attend camps or sleepovers without embarrassment.It is an FDA-approved treatment for bed-wetting.DDAVP comes as a nasal spray or pill and is taken before bedtime.The dose is adjusted until effective.Once it is working, the dose is tapered, if possible.Side effects of DDAVP are uncommon but may include: Headache Runny nose Nasal stuffiness Nosebleeds Tofranil Tofranil is a tricyclic antidepressant that has been used to treat bed-wetting for about 30 years.How it works is not clear, but it is known to have a relaxing effect on the bladder, allowing the bladder to hold more urine comfortably.Side effects of Tofranil tend to be rare with correct dosage but may include: Nervousness Anxiety Constipation Personality changes A warning: Tofranil can have toxic side effects if taken improperly.Deaths have been attributed to accidental overdoses.Ditropan and Levsin Ditropan and Levsin work by reducing unwanted bladder contractions.Side effects may include: Dry mouth Drowsiness Flushing Heat sensitivity Constipation

<human>: Are there medications to help with bedwetting? <bot>: The two drugs approved by the FDA specifically for bed-wetting are DDAVP and Tofranil. Other medications that are sometimes used to treat bed-wetting include Ditropan and Levsin. Drug therapy does not work for everyone, and these medications can have significant side effects. Talk to your child's doctor to determine if drug therapy is right for your child.,context:If no underlying medical condition is causing your child's bed-wetting, there is no real medical need to treat him. Bed-wetting tends to go away by itself. However, if after talking to your child's doctor you decide to treat your child with medications, several drug therapies are available. The two drugs approved by the FDA specifically for bed-wetting are DDAVP and Tofranil. Other medications that are sometimes used to treat bed-wetting include Ditropan and Levsin. Drug therapy does not work for everyone, and these medications can have significant side effects. Talk to your child's doctor to determine if drug therapy is right for your child. Here's an overview of each drug used to treat bed-wetting: DDAVP DDAVP is a synthetic form of antidiuretic hormone ( ADH), a substance that occurs naturally in the body. This drug works by imitating ADH in the body, which reduces the amount of urine that the body produces and also increases the concentration of the urine. Its main use is for children who have not been helped by an alarm. It is also used as a stopgap measure to help children attend camps or sleepovers without embarrassment. It is an FDA-approved treatment for bed-wetting. DDAVP comes as a nasal spray or pill and is taken before bedtime. The dose is adjusted until effective. Once it is working, the dose is tapered, if possible. Side effects of DDAVP are uncommon but may include: Headache Runny nose Nasal stuffiness Nosebleeds Tofranil Tofranil is a tricyclic antidepressant that has been used to treat bed-wetting for about 30 years. How it works is not clear, but it is known to have a relaxing effect on the bladder, allowing the bladder to hold more urine comfortably. Side effects of Tofranil tend to be rare with correct dosage but may include: Nervousness Anxiety Constipation Personality changes A warning: Tofranil can have toxic side effects if taken improperly. Deaths have been attributed to accidental overdoses. Ditropan and Levsin Ditropan and Levsin work by reducing unwanted bladder contractions. Side effects may include: Dry mouth Drowsiness Flushing Heat sensitivity Constipation,If no underlying medical condition is causing your child's bed-wetting, there is no real medical need to treat him.Bed-wetting tends to go away by itself.However, if after talking to your child's doctor you decide to treat your child with medications, several drug therapies are available.The two drugs approved by the FDA specifically for bed-wetting are DDAVP and Tofranil.Other medications that are sometimes used to treat bed-wetting include Ditropan and Levsin.Drug therapy does not work for everyone, and these medications can have significant side effects.Talk to your child's doctor to determine if drug therapy is right for your child.Here's an overview of each drug used to treat bed-wetting: DDAVP DDAVP is a synthetic form of antidiuretic hormone ( ADH), a substance that occurs naturally in the body.This drug works by imitating ADH in the body, which reduces the amount of urine that the body produces and also increases the concentration of the urine.Its main use is for children who have not been helped by an alarm.It is also used as a stopgap measure to help children attend camps or sleepovers without embarrassment.It is an FDA-approved treatment for bed-wetting.DDAVP comes as a nasal spray or pill and is taken before bedtime.The dose is adjusted until effective.Once it is working, the dose is tapered, if possible.Side effects of DDAVP are uncommon but may include: Headache Runny nose Nasal stuffiness Nosebleeds Tofranil Tofranil is a tricyclic antidepressant that has been used to treat bed-wetting for about 30 years.How it works is not clear, but it is known to have a relaxing effect on the bladder, allowing the bladder to hold more urine comfortably.Side effects of Tofranil tend to be rare with correct dosage but may include: Nervousness Anxiety Constipation Personality changes A warning: Tofranil can have toxic side effects if taken improperly.Deaths have been attributed to accidental overdoses.Ditropan and Levsin Ditropan and Levsin work by reducing unwanted bladder contractions.Side effects may include: Dry mouth Drowsiness Flushing Heat sensitivity Constipation

<human>: Does my child need medication for bed-wetting? <bot>: Bed-wetting tends to go away by itself. However, if after talking to your child's doctor you decide to treat your child with medications, several drug therapies are available. Talk to your child's doctor to determine if drug therapy is right for your child.,context:If no underlying medical condition is causing your child's bed-wetting, there is no real medical need to treat him. Bed-wetting tends to go away by itself. However, if after talking to your child's doctor you decide to treat your child with medications, several drug therapies are available. The two drugs approved by the FDA specifically for bed-wetting are DDAVP and Tofranil. Other medications that are sometimes used to treat bed-wetting include Ditropan and Levsin. Drug therapy does not work for everyone, and these medications can have significant side effects. Talk to your child's doctor to determine if drug therapy is right for your child. Here's an overview of each drug used to treat bed-wetting: DDAVP DDAVP is a synthetic form of antidiuretic hormone ( ADH), a substance that occurs naturally in the body. This drug works by imitating ADH in the body, which reduces the amount of urine that the body produces and also increases the concentration of the urine. Its main use is for children who have not been helped by an alarm. It is also used as a stopgap measure to help children attend camps or sleepovers without embarrassment. It is an FDA-approved treatment for bed-wetting. DDAVP comes as a nasal spray or pill and is taken before bedtime. The dose is adjusted until effective. Once it is working, the dose is tapered, if possible. Side effects of DDAVP are uncommon but may include: Headache Runny nose Nasal stuffiness Nosebleeds Tofranil Tofranil is a tricyclic antidepressant that has been used to treat bed-wetting for about 30 years. How it works is not clear, but it is known to have a relaxing effect on the bladder, allowing the bladder to hold more urine comfortably. Side effects of Tofranil tend to be rare with correct dosage but may include: Nervousness Anxiety Constipation Personality changes A warning: Tofranil can have toxic side effects if taken improperly. Deaths have been attributed to accidental overdoses. Ditropan and Levsin Ditropan and Levsin work by reducing unwanted bladder contractions. Side effects may include: Dry mouth Drowsiness Flushing Heat sensitivity Constipation,If no underlying medical condition is causing your child's bed-wetting, there is no real medical need to treat him.Bed-wetting tends to go away by itself.However, if after talking to your child's doctor you decide to treat your child with medications, several drug therapies are available.The two drugs approved by the FDA specifically for bed-wetting are DDAVP and Tofranil.Other medications that are sometimes used to treat bed-wetting include Ditropan and Levsin.Drug therapy does not work for everyone, and these medications can have significant side effects.Talk to your child's doctor to determine if drug therapy is right for your child.Here's an overview of each drug used to treat bed-wetting: DDAVP DDAVP is a synthetic form of antidiuretic hormone ( ADH), a substance that occurs naturally in the body.This drug works by imitating ADH in the body, which reduces the amount of urine that the body produces and also increases the concentration of the urine.Its main use is for children who have not been helped by an alarm.It is also used as a stopgap measure to help children attend camps or sleepovers without embarrassment.It is an FDA-approved treatment for bed-wetting.DDAVP comes as a nasal spray or pill and is taken before bedtime.The dose is adjusted until effective.Once it is working, the dose is tapered, if possible.Side effects of DDAVP are uncommon but may include: Headache Runny nose Nasal stuffiness Nosebleeds Tofranil Tofranil is a tricyclic antidepressant that has been used to treat bed-wetting for about 30 years.How it works is not clear, but it is known to have a relaxing effect on the bladder, allowing the bladder to hold more urine comfortably.Side effects of Tofranil tend to be rare with correct dosage but may include: Nervousness Anxiety Constipation Personality changes A warning: Tofranil can have toxic side effects if taken improperly.Deaths have been attributed to accidental overdoses.Ditropan and Levsin Ditropan and Levsin work by reducing unwanted bladder contractions.Side effects may include: Dry mouth Drowsiness Flushing Heat sensitivity Constipation

<human>: What is DDAVP and how is it used to treat bed-wetting? <bot>: Here's an overview of each drug used to treat bed-wetting: DDAVP DDAVP is a synthetic form of antidiuretic hormone ( ADH), a substance that occurs naturally in the body. This drug works by imitating ADH in the body, which reduces the amount of urine that the body produces and also increases the concentration of the urine. Its main use is for children who have not been helped by an alarm. It is also used as a stopgap measure to help children attend camps or sleepovers without embarrassment. It is an FDA-approved treatment for bed-wetting. Side effects of DDAVP are uncommon but may include: Headache Runny nose Nasal stuffiness Nosebleeds Tofranil Tofranil is a tricyclic antidepressant that has been used to treat bed-wetting for about 30 years.,context:If no underlying medical condition is causing your child's bed-wetting, there is no real medical need to treat him. Bed-wetting tends to go away by itself. However, if after talking to your child's doctor you decide to treat your child with medications, several drug therapies are available. The two drugs approved by the FDA specifically for bed-wetting are DDAVP and Tofranil. Other medications that are sometimes used to treat bed-wetting include Ditropan and Levsin. Drug therapy does not work for everyone, and these medications can have significant side effects. Talk to your child's doctor to determine if drug therapy is right for your child. Here's an overview of each drug used to treat bed-wetting: DDAVP DDAVP is a synthetic form of antidiuretic hormone ( ADH), a substance that occurs naturally in the body. This drug works by imitating ADH in the body, which reduces the amount of urine that the body produces and also increases the concentration of the urine. Its main use is for children who have not been helped by an alarm. It is also used as a stopgap measure to help children attend camps or sleepovers without embarrassment. It is an FDA-approved treatment for bed-wetting. DDAVP comes as a nasal spray or pill and is taken before bedtime. The dose is adjusted until effective. Once it is working, the dose is tapered, if possible. Side effects of DDAVP are uncommon but may include: Headache Runny nose Nasal stuffiness Nosebleeds Tofranil Tofranil is a tricyclic antidepressant that has been used to treat bed-wetting for about 30 years. How it works is not clear, but it is known to have a relaxing effect on the bladder, allowing the bladder to hold more urine comfortably. Side effects of Tofranil tend to be rare with correct dosage but may include: Nervousness Anxiety Constipation Personality changes A warning: Tofranil can have toxic side effects if taken improperly. Deaths have been attributed to accidental overdoses. Ditropan and Levsin Ditropan and Levsin work by reducing unwanted bladder contractions. Side effects may include: Dry mouth Drowsiness Flushing Heat sensitivity Constipation,If no underlying medical condition is causing your child's bed-wetting, there is no real medical need to treat him.Bed-wetting tends to go away by itself.However, if after talking to your child's doctor you decide to treat your child with medications, several drug therapies are available.The two drugs approved by the FDA specifically for bed-wetting are DDAVP and Tofranil.Other medications that are sometimes used to treat bed-wetting include Ditropan and Levsin.Drug therapy does not work for everyone, and these medications can have significant side effects.Talk to your child's doctor to determine if drug therapy is right for your child.Here's an overview of each drug used to treat bed-wetting: DDAVP DDAVP is a synthetic form of antidiuretic hormone ( ADH), a substance that occurs naturally in the body.This drug works by imitating ADH in the body, which reduces the amount of urine that the body produces and also increases the concentration of the urine.Its main use is for children who have not been helped by an alarm.It is also used as a stopgap measure to help children attend camps or sleepovers without embarrassment.It is an FDA-approved treatment for bed-wetting.DDAVP comes as a nasal spray or pill and is taken before bedtime.The dose is adjusted until effective.Once it is working, the dose is tapered, if possible.Side effects of DDAVP are uncommon but may include: Headache Runny nose Nasal stuffiness Nosebleeds Tofranil Tofranil is a tricyclic antidepressant that has been used to treat bed-wetting for about 30 years.How it works is not clear, but it is known to have a relaxing effect on the bladder, allowing the bladder to hold more urine comfortably.Side effects of Tofranil tend to be rare with correct dosage but may include: Nervousness Anxiety Constipation Personality changes A warning: Tofranil can have toxic side effects if taken improperly.Deaths have been attributed to accidental overdoses.Ditropan and Levsin Ditropan and Levsin work by reducing unwanted bladder contractions.Side effects may include: Dry mouth Drowsiness Flushing Heat sensitivity Constipation

<human>: When should you call your doctor immediately about back pain? <bot>: Certain back pain symptoms mean you should call your doctor ASAP. * New or progressive motor weakness, sometimes with numbness or tingling. * Loss of bowel or bladder function. * Pain for 6 weeks or more. Other red flags indicating that your back pain should be evaluated immediately include: * History of cancer or unexplained weight loss * History of immune system problems * Fever All is fine during the day, but as soon as your head hits the pillow your back starts to hurt, making sleep near impossible.,context:Certain back pain symptoms mean you should call your doctor ASAP. Among them: * Back trauma from a bad fall or car accident. You could have a fracture. * New or progressive motor weakness, sometimes with numbness or tingling. This could be spinal cord compression. * Loss of bowel or bladder function. This might point to cauda equina syndrome. The nerve roots in the lower end of the spinal cord become compressed and paralysis of the legs can sometimes occur. * Pain for 6 weeks or more. Other red flags indicating that your back pain should be evaluated immediately include: * History of cancer or unexplained weight loss * History of immune system problems * Fever All is fine during the day, but as soon as your head hits the pillow your back starts to hurt, making sleep near impossible. Sound like you? Pain that wakes you up in the middle of the night can be the sign of disc degeneration or a sprain, or something more serious like a tumor, say experts. Bottom line: Nighttime back pain shouldn't be ignored. Call your doctor right away.,Certain back pain symptoms mean you should call your doctor ASAP.Among them: * Back trauma from a bad fall or car accident.You could have a fracture.* New or progressive motor weakness, sometimes with numbness or tingling.This could be spinal cord compression.* Loss of bowel or bladder function.This might point to cauda equina syndrome.The nerve roots in the lower end of the spinal cord become compressed and paralysis of the legs can sometimes occur.* Pain for 6 weeks or more.Other red flags indicating that your back pain should be evaluated immediately include: * History of cancer or unexplained weight loss * History of immune system problems * Fever All is fine during the day, but as soon as your head hits the pillow your back starts to hurt, making sleep near impossible.Sound like you?Pain that wakes you up in the middle of the night can be the sign of disc degeneration or a sprain, or something more serious like a tumor, say experts.Bottom line: Nighttime back pain shouldn't be ignored.Call your doctor right away.

<human>: Are teachers able to recognize ADHD in children? <bot>: Since teachers work with many different children, they also come to know how students typically behave in classroom situations requiring concentration and self-control. So when they notice something outside the norm, they may speak with the school psychologist or the parents about their concerns. But teachers can't diagnose ADHD. They can tell you what they've noticed, but after that, you would need to get a professional to evaluate your child to see if they have ADHD or if something else is going on.,context:Has your child's teacher let you know that they think your child has ADHD? Teachers are often the first ones to recognize or suspect ADHD in children. That's because ADHD symptoms typically affect school performance or disrupt the rest of the class. Also, teachers are with children for most of the day and for months out of the year. Since teachers work with many different children, they also come to know how students typically behave in classroom situations requiring concentration and self-control. So when they notice something outside the norm, they may speak with the school psychologist or the parents about their concerns. But teachers can't diagnose ADHD. They can tell you what they've noticed, but after that, you would need to get a professional to evaluate your child to see if they have ADHD or if something else is going on. There is no one test for ADHD. Instead, the ADHD diagnosis is based on observations of a child's behavior in multiple settings. The teacher, sometimes past teachers, will play a key role in the process. The professional who makes the diagnosis is usually a specially trained doctor (apsychiatrist or pediatrician), psychologist, counselor, or social worker. They will ask you and your child's teachers to rate their observations of your child's behavior on standardized evaluation or rating scales. If your child is diagnosed with ADHD, you'll need to work closely with your child's school. The school nurse may play a role in dispensing ADHD medications and monitoring for side effects. Your child's teacher will be important in carrying out the behavioral part of a treatment plan and in communicating about the effectiveness of medications. As a parent, you'll need to keep open the lines of communication with the teacher to ensure a consistent system of incentives and discipline between school and home. For example, a younger child's teacher may make a checklist and reward the child with a star or smiley face each time he or she completes a certain number of items on the list. You may have a similar system at home or provide a bigger reward -- such as a special dinner, a family movie night, or an extra hour of TV or computer time -- when your child gets a certain number of stars or smiley faces. Your child's teacher can be a good supporter and resource, but you may want more help dealing with the challenges and emotions of parenting a child with ADHD, or with concerns about medications or other issues. Read and learn as much as you can about ADHD and its treatment. Other resources include your child's doctor or other professional who diagnosed ADHD, and other parents of children with ADHD. A national nonprofit organization called Children and Adults with Attention- Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder ( CHADD) also has resources, including support groups for families. The organization's web site lists support groups in your area, and gives information on how to start a group.,Has your child's teacher let you know that they think your child has ADHD?Teachers are often the first ones to recognize or suspect ADHD in children.That's because ADHD symptoms typically affect school performance or disrupt the rest of the class.Also, teachers are with children for most of the day and for months out of the year.Since teachers work with many different children, they also come to know how students typically behave in classroom situations requiring concentration and self-control.So when they notice something outside the norm, they may speak with the school psychologist or the parents about their concerns.But teachers can't diagnose ADHD.They can tell you what they've noticed, but after that, you would need to get a professional to evaluate your child to see if they have ADHD or if something else is going on.There is no one test for ADHD.Instead, the ADHD diagnosis is based on observations of a child's behavior in multiple settings.The teacher, sometimes past teachers, will play a key role in the process.The professional who makes the diagnosis is usually a specially trained doctor (apsychiatrist or pediatrician), psychologist, counselor, or social worker.They will ask you and your child's teachers to rate their observations of your child's behavior on standardized evaluation or rating scales.If your child is diagnosed with ADHD, you'll need to work closely with your child's school.The school nurse may play a role in dispensing ADHD medications and monitoring for side effects.Your child's teacher will be important in carrying out the behavioral part of a treatment plan and in communicating about the effectiveness of medications.As a parent, you'll need to keep open the lines of communication with the teacher to ensure a consistent system of incentives and discipline between school and home.For example, a younger child's teacher may make a checklist and reward the child with a star or smiley face each time he or she completes a certain number of items on the list.You may have a similar system at home or provide a bigger reward -- such as a special dinner, a family movie night, or an extra hour of TV or computer time -- when your child gets a certain number of stars or smiley faces.Your child's teacher can be a good supporter and resource, but you may want more help dealing with the challenges and emotions of parenting a child with ADHD, or with concerns about medications or other issues.Read and learn as much as you can about ADHD and its treatment.Other resources include your child's doctor or other professional who diagnosed ADHD, and other parents of children with ADHD.A national nonprofit organization called Children and Adults with Attention- Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder ( CHADD) also has resources, including support groups for families.The organization's web site lists support groups in your area, and gives information on how to start a group.

<human>: Is there a test I can give my child if the teacher suggests they have ADHD? <bot>: Instead, the ADHD diagnosis is based on observations of a child's behavior in multiple settings. The teacher, sometimes past teachers, will play a key role in the process. The professional who makes the diagnosis is usually a specially trained doctor (apsychiatrist or pediatrician), psychologist, counselor, or social worker. They will ask you and your child's teachers to rate their observations of your child's behavior on standardized evaluation or rating scales.,context:Has your child's teacher let you know that they think your child has ADHD? Teachers are often the first ones to recognize or suspect ADHD in children. That's because ADHD symptoms typically affect school performance or disrupt the rest of the class. Also, teachers are with children for most of the day and for months out of the year. Since teachers work with many different children, they also come to know how students typically behave in classroom situations requiring concentration and self-control. So when they notice something outside the norm, they may speak with the school psychologist or the parents about their concerns. But teachers can't diagnose ADHD. They can tell you what they've noticed, but after that, you would need to get a professional to evaluate your child to see if they have ADHD or if something else is going on. There is no one test for ADHD. Instead, the ADHD diagnosis is based on observations of a child's behavior in multiple settings. The teacher, sometimes past teachers, will play a key role in the process. The professional who makes the diagnosis is usually a specially trained doctor (apsychiatrist or pediatrician), psychologist, counselor, or social worker. They will ask you and your child's teachers to rate their observations of your child's behavior on standardized evaluation or rating scales. If your child is diagnosed with ADHD, you'll need to work closely with your child's school. The school nurse may play a role in dispensing ADHD medications and monitoring for side effects. Your child's teacher will be important in carrying out the behavioral part of a treatment plan and in communicating about the effectiveness of medications. As a parent, you'll need to keep open the lines of communication with the teacher to ensure a consistent system of incentives and discipline between school and home. For example, a younger child's teacher may make a checklist and reward the child with a star or smiley face each time he or she completes a certain number of items on the list. You may have a similar system at home or provide a bigger reward -- such as a special dinner, a family movie night, or an extra hour of TV or computer time -- when your child gets a certain number of stars or smiley faces. Your child's teacher can be a good supporter and resource, but you may want more help dealing with the challenges and emotions of parenting a child with ADHD, or with concerns about medications or other issues. Read and learn as much as you can about ADHD and its treatment. Other resources include your child's doctor or other professional who diagnosed ADHD, and other parents of children with ADHD. A national nonprofit organization called Children and Adults with Attention- Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder ( CHADD) also has resources, including support groups for families. The organization's web site lists support groups in your area, and gives information on how to start a group.,Has your child's teacher let you know that they think your child has ADHD?Teachers are often the first ones to recognize or suspect ADHD in children.That's because ADHD symptoms typically affect school performance or disrupt the rest of the class.Also, teachers are with children for most of the day and for months out of the year.Since teachers work with many different children, they also come to know how students typically behave in classroom situations requiring concentration and self-control.So when they notice something outside the norm, they may speak with the school psychologist or the parents about their concerns.But teachers can't diagnose ADHD.They can tell you what they've noticed, but after that, you would need to get a professional to evaluate your child to see if they have ADHD or if something else is going on.There is no one test for ADHD.Instead, the ADHD diagnosis is based on observations of a child's behavior in multiple settings.The teacher, sometimes past teachers, will play a key role in the process.The professional who makes the diagnosis is usually a specially trained doctor (apsychiatrist or pediatrician), psychologist, counselor, or social worker.They will ask you and your child's teachers to rate their observations of your child's behavior on standardized evaluation or rating scales.If your child is diagnosed with ADHD, you'll need to work closely with your child's school.The school nurse may play a role in dispensing ADHD medications and monitoring for side effects.Your child's teacher will be important in carrying out the behavioral part of a treatment plan and in communicating about the effectiveness of medications.As a parent, you'll need to keep open the lines of communication with the teacher to ensure a consistent system of incentives and discipline between school and home.For example, a younger child's teacher may make a checklist and reward the child with a star or smiley face each time he or she completes a certain number of items on the list.You may have a similar system at home or provide a bigger reward -- such as a special dinner, a family movie night, or an extra hour of TV or computer time -- when your child gets a certain number of stars or smiley faces.Your child's teacher can be a good supporter and resource, but you may want more help dealing with the challenges and emotions of parenting a child with ADHD, or with concerns about medications or other issues.Read and learn as much as you can about ADHD and its treatment.Other resources include your child's doctor or other professional who diagnosed ADHD, and other parents of children with ADHD.A national nonprofit organization called Children and Adults with Attention- Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder ( CHADD) also has resources, including support groups for families.The organization's web site lists support groups in your area, and gives information on how to start a group.

<human>: Is it acceptable for my child's teacher to suggest my child has ADHD? <bot>: Teachers are often the first ones to recognize or suspect ADHD in children. That's because ADHD symptoms typically affect school performance or disrupt the rest of the class. Also, teachers are with children for most of the day and for months out of the year.,context:Has your child's teacher let you know that they think your child has ADHD? Teachers are often the first ones to recognize or suspect ADHD in children. That's because ADHD symptoms typically affect school performance or disrupt the rest of the class. Also, teachers are with children for most of the day and for months out of the year. Since teachers work with many different children, they also come to know how students typically behave in classroom situations requiring concentration and self-control. So when they notice something outside the norm, they may speak with the school psychologist or the parents about their concerns. But teachers can't diagnose ADHD. They can tell you what they've noticed, but after that, you would need to get a professional to evaluate your child to see if they have ADHD or if something else is going on. There is no one test for ADHD. Instead, the ADHD diagnosis is based on observations of a child's behavior in multiple settings. The teacher, sometimes past teachers, will play a key role in the process. The professional who makes the diagnosis is usually a specially trained doctor (apsychiatrist or pediatrician), psychologist, counselor, or social worker. They will ask you and your child's teachers to rate their observations of your child's behavior on standardized evaluation or rating scales. If your child is diagnosed with ADHD, you'll need to work closely with your child's school. The school nurse may play a role in dispensing ADHD medications and monitoring for side effects. Your child's teacher will be important in carrying out the behavioral part of a treatment plan and in communicating about the effectiveness of medications. As a parent, you'll need to keep open the lines of communication with the teacher to ensure a consistent system of incentives and discipline between school and home. For example, a younger child's teacher may make a checklist and reward the child with a star or smiley face each time he or she completes a certain number of items on the list. You may have a similar system at home or provide a bigger reward -- such as a special dinner, a family movie night, or an extra hour of TV or computer time -- when your child gets a certain number of stars or smiley faces. Your child's teacher can be a good supporter and resource, but you may want more help dealing with the challenges and emotions of parenting a child with ADHD, or with concerns about medications or other issues. Read and learn as much as you can about ADHD and its treatment. Other resources include your child's doctor or other professional who diagnosed ADHD, and other parents of children with ADHD. A national nonprofit organization called Children and Adults with Attention- Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder ( CHADD) also has resources, including support groups for families. The organization's web site lists support groups in your area, and gives information on how to start a group.,Has your child's teacher let you know that they think your child has ADHD?Teachers are often the first ones to recognize or suspect ADHD in children.That's because ADHD symptoms typically affect school performance or disrupt the rest of the class.Also, teachers are with children for most of the day and for months out of the year.Since teachers work with many different children, they also come to know how students typically behave in classroom situations requiring concentration and self-control.So when they notice something outside the norm, they may speak with the school psychologist or the parents about their concerns.But teachers can't diagnose ADHD.They can tell you what they've noticed, but after that, you would need to get a professional to evaluate your child to see if they have ADHD or if something else is going on.There is no one test for ADHD.Instead, the ADHD diagnosis is based on observations of a child's behavior in multiple settings.The teacher, sometimes past teachers, will play a key role in the process.The professional who makes the diagnosis is usually a specially trained doctor (apsychiatrist or pediatrician), psychologist, counselor, or social worker.They will ask you and your child's teachers to rate their observations of your child's behavior on standardized evaluation or rating scales.If your child is diagnosed with ADHD, you'll need to work closely with your child's school.The school nurse may play a role in dispensing ADHD medications and monitoring for side effects.Your child's teacher will be important in carrying out the behavioral part of a treatment plan and in communicating about the effectiveness of medications.As a parent, you'll need to keep open the lines of communication with the teacher to ensure a consistent system of incentives and discipline between school and home.For example, a younger child's teacher may make a checklist and reward the child with a star or smiley face each time he or she completes a certain number of items on the list.You may have a similar system at home or provide a bigger reward -- such as a special dinner, a family movie night, or an extra hour of TV or computer time -- when your child gets a certain number of stars or smiley faces.Your child's teacher can be a good supporter and resource, but you may want more help dealing with the challenges and emotions of parenting a child with ADHD, or with concerns about medications or other issues.Read and learn as much as you can about ADHD and its treatment.Other resources include your child's doctor or other professional who diagnosed ADHD, and other parents of children with ADHD.A national nonprofit organization called Children and Adults with Attention- Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder ( CHADD) also has resources, including support groups for families.The organization's web site lists support groups in your area, and gives information on how to start a group.

<human>: Do I need to tell the teacher if my child is diagnosed with ADHD? <bot>: As a parent, you'll need to keep open the lines of communication with the teacher to ensure a consistent system of incentives and discipline between school and home. For example, a younger child's teacher may make a checklist and reward the child with a star or smiley face each time he or she completes a certain number of items on the list. You may have a similar system at home or provide a bigger reward -- such as a special dinner, a family movie night, or an extra hour of TV or computer time -- when your child gets a certain number of stars or smiley faces.,context:Has your child's teacher let you know that they think your child has ADHD? Teachers are often the first ones to recognize or suspect ADHD in children. That's because ADHD symptoms typically affect school performance or disrupt the rest of the class. Also, teachers are with children for most of the day and for months out of the year. Since teachers work with many different children, they also come to know how students typically behave in classroom situations requiring concentration and self-control. So when they notice something outside the norm, they may speak with the school psychologist or the parents about their concerns. But teachers can't diagnose ADHD. They can tell you what they've noticed, but after that, you would need to get a professional to evaluate your child to see if they have ADHD or if something else is going on. There is no one test for ADHD. Instead, the ADHD diagnosis is based on observations of a child's behavior in multiple settings. The teacher, sometimes past teachers, will play a key role in the process. The professional who makes the diagnosis is usually a specially trained doctor (apsychiatrist or pediatrician), psychologist, counselor, or social worker. They will ask you and your child's teachers to rate their observations of your child's behavior on standardized evaluation or rating scales. If your child is diagnosed with ADHD, you'll need to work closely with your child's school. The school nurse may play a role in dispensing ADHD medications and monitoring for side effects. Your child's teacher will be important in carrying out the behavioral part of a treatment plan and in communicating about the effectiveness of medications. As a parent, you'll need to keep open the lines of communication with the teacher to ensure a consistent system of incentives and discipline between school and home. For example, a younger child's teacher may make a checklist and reward the child with a star or smiley face each time he or she completes a certain number of items on the list. You may have a similar system at home or provide a bigger reward -- such as a special dinner, a family movie night, or an extra hour of TV or computer time -- when your child gets a certain number of stars or smiley faces. Your child's teacher can be a good supporter and resource, but you may want more help dealing with the challenges and emotions of parenting a child with ADHD, or with concerns about medications or other issues. Read and learn as much as you can about ADHD and its treatment. Other resources include your child's doctor or other professional who diagnosed ADHD, and other parents of children with ADHD. A national nonprofit organization called Children and Adults with Attention- Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder ( CHADD) also has resources, including support groups for families. The organization's web site lists support groups in your area, and gives information on how to start a group.,Has your child's teacher let you know that they think your child has ADHD?Teachers are often the first ones to recognize or suspect ADHD in children.That's because ADHD symptoms typically affect school performance or disrupt the rest of the class.Also, teachers are with children for most of the day and for months out of the year.Since teachers work with many different children, they also come to know how students typically behave in classroom situations requiring concentration and self-control.So when they notice something outside the norm, they may speak with the school psychologist or the parents about their concerns.But teachers can't diagnose ADHD.They can tell you what they've noticed, but after that, you would need to get a professional to evaluate your child to see if they have ADHD or if something else is going on.There is no one test for ADHD.Instead, the ADHD diagnosis is based on observations of a child's behavior in multiple settings.The teacher, sometimes past teachers, will play a key role in the process.The professional who makes the diagnosis is usually a specially trained doctor (apsychiatrist or pediatrician), psychologist, counselor, or social worker.They will ask you and your child's teachers to rate their observations of your child's behavior on standardized evaluation or rating scales.If your child is diagnosed with ADHD, you'll need to work closely with your child's school.The school nurse may play a role in dispensing ADHD medications and monitoring for side effects.Your child's teacher will be important in carrying out the behavioral part of a treatment plan and in communicating about the effectiveness of medications.As a parent, you'll need to keep open the lines of communication with the teacher to ensure a consistent system of incentives and discipline between school and home.For example, a younger child's teacher may make a checklist and reward the child with a star or smiley face each time he or she completes a certain number of items on the list.You may have a similar system at home or provide a bigger reward -- such as a special dinner, a family movie night, or an extra hour of TV or computer time -- when your child gets a certain number of stars or smiley faces.Your child's teacher can be a good supporter and resource, but you may want more help dealing with the challenges and emotions of parenting a child with ADHD, or with concerns about medications or other issues.Read and learn as much as you can about ADHD and its treatment.Other resources include your child's doctor or other professional who diagnosed ADHD, and other parents of children with ADHD.A national nonprofit organization called Children and Adults with Attention- Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder ( CHADD) also has resources, including support groups for families.The organization's web site lists support groups in your area, and gives information on how to start a group.

<human>: Should my child's teacher help and support me if they are diagnosed with ADHD? <bot>: Your child's teacher can be a good supporter and resource, but you may want more help dealing with the challenges and emotions of parenting a child with ADHD, or with concerns about medications or other issues.,context:Has your child's teacher let you know that they think your child has ADHD? Teachers are often the first ones to recognize or suspect ADHD in children. That's because ADHD symptoms typically affect school performance or disrupt the rest of the class. Also, teachers are with children for most of the day and for months out of the year. Since teachers work with many different children, they also come to know how students typically behave in classroom situations requiring concentration and self-control. So when they notice something outside the norm, they may speak with the school psychologist or the parents about their concerns. But teachers can't diagnose ADHD. They can tell you what they've noticed, but after that, you would need to get a professional to evaluate your child to see if they have ADHD or if something else is going on. There is no one test for ADHD. Instead, the ADHD diagnosis is based on observations of a child's behavior in multiple settings. The teacher, sometimes past teachers, will play a key role in the process. The professional who makes the diagnosis is usually a specially trained doctor (apsychiatrist or pediatrician), psychologist, counselor, or social worker. They will ask you and your child's teachers to rate their observations of your child's behavior on standardized evaluation or rating scales. If your child is diagnosed with ADHD, you'll need to work closely with your child's school. The school nurse may play a role in dispensing ADHD medications and monitoring for side effects. Your child's teacher will be important in carrying out the behavioral part of a treatment plan and in communicating about the effectiveness of medications. As a parent, you'll need to keep open the lines of communication with the teacher to ensure a consistent system of incentives and discipline between school and home. For example, a younger child's teacher may make a checklist and reward the child with a star or smiley face each time he or she completes a certain number of items on the list. You may have a similar system at home or provide a bigger reward -- such as a special dinner, a family movie night, or an extra hour of TV or computer time -- when your child gets a certain number of stars or smiley faces. Your child's teacher can be a good supporter and resource, but you may want more help dealing with the challenges and emotions of parenting a child with ADHD, or with concerns about medications or other issues. Read and learn as much as you can about ADHD and its treatment. Other resources include your child's doctor or other professional who diagnosed ADHD, and other parents of children with ADHD. A national nonprofit organization called Children and Adults with Attention- Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder ( CHADD) also has resources, including support groups for families. The organization's web site lists support groups in your area, and gives information on how to start a group.,Has your child's teacher let you know that they think your child has ADHD?Teachers are often the first ones to recognize or suspect ADHD in children.That's because ADHD symptoms typically affect school performance or disrupt the rest of the class.Also, teachers are with children for most of the day and for months out of the year.Since teachers work with many different children, they also come to know how students typically behave in classroom situations requiring concentration and self-control.So when they notice something outside the norm, they may speak with the school psychologist or the parents about their concerns.But teachers can't diagnose ADHD.They can tell you what they've noticed, but after that, you would need to get a professional to evaluate your child to see if they have ADHD or if something else is going on.There is no one test for ADHD.Instead, the ADHD diagnosis is based on observations of a child's behavior in multiple settings.The teacher, sometimes past teachers, will play a key role in the process.The professional who makes the diagnosis is usually a specially trained doctor (apsychiatrist or pediatrician), psychologist, counselor, or social worker.They will ask you and your child's teachers to rate their observations of your child's behavior on standardized evaluation or rating scales.If your child is diagnosed with ADHD, you'll need to work closely with your child's school.The school nurse may play a role in dispensing ADHD medications and monitoring for side effects.Your child's teacher will be important in carrying out the behavioral part of a treatment plan and in communicating about the effectiveness of medications.As a parent, you'll need to keep open the lines of communication with the teacher to ensure a consistent system of incentives and discipline between school and home.For example, a younger child's teacher may make a checklist and reward the child with a star or smiley face each time he or she completes a certain number of items on the list.You may have a similar system at home or provide a bigger reward -- such as a special dinner, a family movie night, or an extra hour of TV or computer time -- when your child gets a certain number of stars or smiley faces.Your child's teacher can be a good supporter and resource, but you may want more help dealing with the challenges and emotions of parenting a child with ADHD, or with concerns about medications or other issues.Read and learn as much as you can about ADHD and its treatment.Other resources include your child's doctor or other professional who diagnosed ADHD, and other parents of children with ADHD.A national nonprofit organization called Children and Adults with Attention- Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder ( CHADD) also has resources, including support groups for families.The organization's web site lists support groups in your area, and gives information on how to start a group.

<human>: Do I need to tell the school nurse if my child is diagnosed with ADHD? <bot>: They can tell you what they've noticed, but after that, you would need to get a professional to evaluate your child to see if they have ADHD or if something else is going on. The school nurse may play a role in dispensing ADHD medications and monitoring for side effects. Your child's teacher will be important in carrying out the behavioral part of a treatment plan and in communicating about the effectiveness of medications.,context:Has your child's teacher let you know that they think your child has ADHD? Teachers are often the first ones to recognize or suspect ADHD in children. That's because ADHD symptoms typically affect school performance or disrupt the rest of the class. Also, teachers are with children for most of the day and for months out of the year. Since teachers work with many different children, they also come to know how students typically behave in classroom situations requiring concentration and self-control. So when they notice something outside the norm, they may speak with the school psychologist or the parents about their concerns. But teachers can't diagnose ADHD. They can tell you what they've noticed, but after that, you would need to get a professional to evaluate your child to see if they have ADHD or if something else is going on. There is no one test for ADHD. Instead, the ADHD diagnosis is based on observations of a child's behavior in multiple settings. The teacher, sometimes past teachers, will play a key role in the process. The professional who makes the diagnosis is usually a specially trained doctor (apsychiatrist or pediatrician), psychologist, counselor, or social worker. They will ask you and your child's teachers to rate their observations of your child's behavior on standardized evaluation or rating scales. If your child is diagnosed with ADHD, you'll need to work closely with your child's school. The school nurse may play a role in dispensing ADHD medications and monitoring for side effects. Your child's teacher will be important in carrying out the behavioral part of a treatment plan and in communicating about the effectiveness of medications. As a parent, you'll need to keep open the lines of communication with the teacher to ensure a consistent system of incentives and discipline between school and home. For example, a younger child's teacher may make a checklist and reward the child with a star or smiley face each time he or she completes a certain number of items on the list. You may have a similar system at home or provide a bigger reward -- such as a special dinner, a family movie night, or an extra hour of TV or computer time -- when your child gets a certain number of stars or smiley faces. Your child's teacher can be a good supporter and resource, but you may want more help dealing with the challenges and emotions of parenting a child with ADHD, or with concerns about medications or other issues. Read and learn as much as you can about ADHD and its treatment. Other resources include your child's doctor or other professional who diagnosed ADHD, and other parents of children with ADHD. A national nonprofit organization called Children and Adults with Attention- Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder ( CHADD) also has resources, including support groups for families. The organization's web site lists support groups in your area, and gives information on how to start a group.,Has your child's teacher let you know that they think your child has ADHD?Teachers are often the first ones to recognize or suspect ADHD in children.That's because ADHD symptoms typically affect school performance or disrupt the rest of the class.Also, teachers are with children for most of the day and for months out of the year.Since teachers work with many different children, they also come to know how students typically behave in classroom situations requiring concentration and self-control.So when they notice something outside the norm, they may speak with the school psychologist or the parents about their concerns.But teachers can't diagnose ADHD.They can tell you what they've noticed, but after that, you would need to get a professional to evaluate your child to see if they have ADHD or if something else is going on.There is no one test for ADHD.Instead, the ADHD diagnosis is based on observations of a child's behavior in multiple settings.The teacher, sometimes past teachers, will play a key role in the process.The professional who makes the diagnosis is usually a specially trained doctor (apsychiatrist or pediatrician), psychologist, counselor, or social worker.They will ask you and your child's teachers to rate their observations of your child's behavior on standardized evaluation or rating scales.If your child is diagnosed with ADHD, you'll need to work closely with your child's school.The school nurse may play a role in dispensing ADHD medications and monitoring for side effects.Your child's teacher will be important in carrying out the behavioral part of a treatment plan and in communicating about the effectiveness of medications.As a parent, you'll need to keep open the lines of communication with the teacher to ensure a consistent system of incentives and discipline between school and home.For example, a younger child's teacher may make a checklist and reward the child with a star or smiley face each time he or she completes a certain number of items on the list.You may have a similar system at home or provide a bigger reward -- such as a special dinner, a family movie night, or an extra hour of TV or computer time -- when your child gets a certain number of stars or smiley faces.Your child's teacher can be a good supporter and resource, but you may want more help dealing with the challenges and emotions of parenting a child with ADHD, or with concerns about medications or other issues.Read and learn as much as you can about ADHD and its treatment.Other resources include your child's doctor or other professional who diagnosed ADHD, and other parents of children with ADHD.A national nonprofit organization called Children and Adults with Attention- Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder ( CHADD) also has resources, including support groups for families.The organization's web site lists support groups in your area, and gives information on how to start a group.

<human>: What are the benefits of testosterone therapy? <bot>: What can you expect from testosterone treatment? It's impossible to predict, because every man is different. Many men report improvement in energy level, sex drive, and quality of erections. Testosterone also increases bone density, muscle mass, and insulin sensitivity in some men. Men also often report an improvement in mood from testosterone replacement. Whether these effects are barely noticeable, or a major boost, is highly individualized.,context: Many men with low testosterone report improved energy levels, sex drive, and mood after testosterone treatment. If testosterone is low, why not replace it? Not so fast. A low testosterone level by itself doesn't need treatment. Testosterone replacement therapy can have side effects, and the long-term risks and benefits aren't known. Only men with symptoms of low testosterone and blood levels that confirm this as the cause of symptoms should consider testosterone replacement. Talking with your doctor is the only way to know if testosterone therapy is right for you. The symptoms of low testosterone are sometimes obvious, but they also can be subtle. Testosterone levels decline naturally in men as they age over decades. But certain conditions can also lead to an abnormally low level. Symptoms of low testosterone include: Low sex drive (libido) Erectile dysfunction Fatigue and poor energy level Decreased muscle mass Body and facial hair loss Difficulty concentrating Depression Irritability Low sense of well-being If a man has symptoms of low testosterone and tests show he has an abnormally low testosterone level, a doctor may suggest treatment. For millions of men who have low testosterone levels but no symptoms, no treatment is currently recommended. It is has also not been approved for treating men with low levels because of aging. Testosterone replacement therapy is available in several forms. All can improve testosterone levels: Skin patch (transdermal): Androderm is a skin patch worn on the arm or upper body. It's applied once a day. Gels: Andro Gel and Testim come in packets of clear testosterone gel. Testosterone is absorbed directly through the skin when you apply the gel once a day. Andro Gel, Axiron, and Fortesta also come in a pump that delivers the amount of testosterone prescribed by your doctor. Natesto is a gel applied inside the nose. Mouth patch: Striant is a tablet that sticks to the upper gums above the incisor, the tooth just to the right or left of the two front teeth. Applied twice a day, it continuously releases testosterone into the blood through the oral tissues. Injections and implants: Testosterone can also be injected directly into the muscles, or implanted as pellets in the soft tissues. Your body slowly absorbs the testosterone into the bloodstream. Why not a simple testosterone pill? Oral testosterone is available. However, some experts believe oral testosterone can have negative effects on the liver. Using other methods, such as skin patches, gels, orally disintegrating tablets, or injections, bypasses the liver and gets testosterone into the blood directly. What can you expect from testosterone treatment? It's impossible to predict, because every man is different. Many men report improvement in energy level, sex drive, and quality of erections. Testosterone also increases bone density, muscle mass, and insulin sensitivity in some men. Men also often report an improvement in mood from testosterone replacement. Whether these effects are barely noticeable, or a major boost, is highly individualized. Karen Herbst, MD, Ph D, an endocrinologist at University of California- San Diego, specializes in testosterone deficiency. She estimates about one in 10 men are "ecstatic" about their response to testosterone therapy, while about the same number "don't notice much." The majority have generally positive, but varying responses to testosterone replacement. Testosterone replacement therapy side effects most often include rash, itching, or irritation at the site where the testosterone is applied. However, there is also evidence of a possible increased risk of heart attack or stroke associated with testosterone use. Experts emphasize that the benefits and risks of long-term testosterone therapy are unknown, because large clinical trials haven't yet been done. There are a few health conditions that experts believe testosterone therapy can worsen: Benign prostatic hypertrophy ( BPH): The prostate grows naturally under the stimulation of testosterone. For many men, their prostates grow larger as they age, squeezing the tube carrying urine (urethra). The result is difficulty urinating. This condition, benign prostatic hypertrophy, can be made worse by testosterone therapy. Prostate cancer: Testosterone can stimulate prostate cancer to grow. Most experts recommend screening for prostate cancer before starting testosterone replacement. Men with prostate cancer or elevated prostate specific antigen ( PSA) should probably avoid testosterone treatment. Sleep apnea: This condition can be worsened by testosterone replacement. It may be difficult for a man to detect this himself, but his sleeping partner can often tell. A sleep study (polysomnography) may be needed to make the diagnosis. Blood clots: The FDA requires that testosterone replacement products carry a warning about the risk of blood clots in veins. This could increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism , a potentially life threatening clot that occurs in the lungs. Products already carried a warning about the risk of blood clots due to polycythemia, an abnormal rise in the number of red blood cells that sometimes occurs with testosterone treatment. Now the warning is more general to include men who don't have polycythemia. Congestive heart failure: Men with severe congestive heart failure should usually not take testosterone replacement, as it can worsen the condition. It will be years before large clinical trials bring any answers on the long-term benefits and risks of testosterone therapy. As with any medicine, the decision on whether the possible benefits outweigh any risks is up to you and your doctor. Isn't taking testosterone replacement basically the same as taking steroids, like athletes that "dope"? It's true that anabolic steroids used by some bodybuilders and athletes contain testosterone or chemicals that act like testosterone. The difference is that doses used in testosterone replacement only achieve physiologic (natural) levels of hormone in the blood. The testosterone forms some athletes use illegally are in much higher doses, and often combined ("stacked") with other substances that boost the overall muscle-building (anabolic) effect., Many men with low testosterone report improved energy levels, sex drive, and mood after testosterone treatment.If testosterone is low, why not replace it?Not so fast.A low testosterone level by itself doesn't need treatment.Testosterone replacement therapy can have side effects, and the long-term risks and benefits aren't known.Only men with symptoms of low testosterone and blood levels that confirm this as the cause of symptoms should consider testosterone replacement.Talking with your doctor is the only way to know if testosterone therapy is right for you.The symptoms of low testosterone are sometimes obvious, but they also can be subtle.Testosterone levels decline naturally in men as they age over decades.But certain conditions can also lead to an abnormally low level.Symptoms of low testosterone include: Low sex drive (libido) Erectile dysfunction Fatigue and poor energy level Decreased muscle mass Body and facial hair loss Difficulty concentrating Depression Irritability Low sense of well-being If a man has symptoms of low testosterone and tests show he has an abnormally low testosterone level, a doctor may suggest treatment.For millions of men who have low testosterone levels but no symptoms, no treatment is currently recommended.It is has also not been approved for treating men with low levels because of aging.Testosterone replacement therapy is available in several forms.All can improve testosterone levels: Skin patch (transdermal): Androderm is a skin patch worn on the arm or upper body.It's applied once a day.Gels: Andro Gel and Testim come in packets of clear testosterone gel.Testosterone is absorbed directly through the skin when you apply the gel once a day.Andro Gel, Axiron, and Fortesta also come in a pump that delivers the amount of testosterone prescribed by your doctor.Natesto is a gel applied inside the nose.Mouth patch: Striant is a tablet that sticks to the upper gums above the incisor, the tooth just to the right or left of the two front teeth.Applied twice a day, it continuously releases testosterone into the blood through the oral tissues.Injections and implants: Testosterone can also be injected directly into the muscles, or implanted as pellets in the soft tissues.Your body slowly absorbs the testosterone into the bloodstream.Why not a simple testosterone pill?Oral testosterone is available.However, some experts believe oral testosterone can have negative effects on the liver.Using other methods, such as skin patches, gels, orally disintegrating tablets, or injections, bypasses the liver and gets testosterone into the blood directly.What can you expect from testosterone treatment?It's impossible to predict, because every man is different.Many men report improvement in energy level, sex drive, and quality of erections.Testosterone also increases bone density, muscle mass, and insulin sensitivity in some men.Men also often report an improvement in mood from testosterone replacement.Whether these effects are barely noticeable, or a major boost, is highly individualized.Karen Herbst, MD, Ph D, an endocrinologist at University of California- San Diego, specializes in testosterone deficiency.She estimates about one in 10 men are "ecstatic" about their response to testosterone therapy, while about the same number "don't notice much."The majority have generally positive, but varying responses to testosterone replacement.Testosterone replacement therapy side effects most often include rash, itching, or irritation at the site where the testosterone is applied.However, there is also evidence of a possible increased risk of heart attack or stroke associated with testosterone use.Experts emphasize that the benefits and risks of long-term testosterone therapy are unknown, because large clinical trials haven't yet been done.There are a few health conditions that experts believe testosterone therapy can worsen: Benign prostatic hypertrophy ( BPH): The prostate grows naturally under the stimulation of testosterone.For many men, their prostates grow larger as they age, squeezing the tube carrying urine (urethra).The result is difficulty urinating.This condition, benign prostatic hypertrophy, can be made worse by testosterone therapy.Prostate cancer: Testosterone can stimulate prostate cancer to grow.Most experts recommend screening for prostate cancer before starting testosterone replacement.Men with prostate cancer or elevated prostate specific antigen ( PSA) should probably avoid testosterone treatment.Sleep apnea: This condition can be worsened by testosterone replacement.It may be difficult for a man to detect this himself, but his sleeping partner can often tell.A sleep study (polysomnography) may be needed to make the diagnosis.Blood clots: The FDA requires that testosterone replacement products carry a warning about the risk of blood clots in veins.This could increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism , a potentially life threatening clot that occurs in the lungs.Products already carried a warning about the risk of blood clots due to polycythemia, an abnormal rise in the number of red blood cells that sometimes occurs with testosterone treatment.Now the warning is more general to include men who don't have polycythemia.Congestive heart failure: Men with severe congestive heart failure should usually not take testosterone replacement, as it can worsen the condition.It will be years before large clinical trials bring any answers on the long-term benefits and risks of testosterone therapy.As with any medicine, the decision on whether the possible benefits outweigh any risks is up to you and your doctor.Isn't taking testosterone replacement basically the same as taking steroids, like athletes that "dope"?It's true that anabolic steroids used by some bodybuilders and athletes contain testosterone or chemicals that act like testosterone.The difference is that doses used in testosterone replacement only achieve physiologic (natural) levels of hormone in the blood.The testosterone forms some athletes use illegally are in much higher doses, and often combined ("stacked") with other substances that boost the overall muscle-building (anabolic) effect.

<human>: Can testosterone therapy worsen prostate cancer? <bot>: Prostate cancer: Testosterone can stimulate prostate cancer to grow. Most experts recommend screening for prostate cancer before starting testosterone replacement. Men with prostate cancer or elevated prostate specific antigen ( PSA) should probably avoid testosterone treatment.,context: Many men with low testosterone report improved energy levels, sex drive, and mood after testosterone treatment. If testosterone is low, why not replace it? Not so fast. A low testosterone level by itself doesn't need treatment. Testosterone replacement therapy can have side effects, and the long-term risks and benefits aren't known. Only men with symptoms of low testosterone and blood levels that confirm this as the cause of symptoms should consider testosterone replacement. Talking with your doctor is the only way to know if testosterone therapy is right for you. The symptoms of low testosterone are sometimes obvious, but they also can be subtle. Testosterone levels decline naturally in men as they age over decades. But certain conditions can also lead to an abnormally low level. Symptoms of low testosterone include: Low sex drive (libido) Erectile dysfunction Fatigue and poor energy level Decreased muscle mass Body and facial hair loss Difficulty concentrating Depression Irritability Low sense of well-being If a man has symptoms of low testosterone and tests show he has an abnormally low testosterone level, a doctor may suggest treatment. For millions of men who have low testosterone levels but no symptoms, no treatment is currently recommended. It is has also not been approved for treating men with low levels because of aging. Testosterone replacement therapy is available in several forms. All can improve testosterone levels: Skin patch (transdermal): Androderm is a skin patch worn on the arm or upper body. It's applied once a day. Gels: Andro Gel and Testim come in packets of clear testosterone gel. Testosterone is absorbed directly through the skin when you apply the gel once a day. Andro Gel, Axiron, and Fortesta also come in a pump that delivers the amount of testosterone prescribed by your doctor. Natesto is a gel applied inside the nose. Mouth patch: Striant is a tablet that sticks to the upper gums above the incisor, the tooth just to the right or left of the two front teeth. Applied twice a day, it continuously releases testosterone into the blood through the oral tissues. Injections and implants: Testosterone can also be injected directly into the muscles, or implanted as pellets in the soft tissues. Your body slowly absorbs the testosterone into the bloodstream. Why not a simple testosterone pill? Oral testosterone is available. However, some experts believe oral testosterone can have negative effects on the liver. Using other methods, such as skin patches, gels, orally disintegrating tablets, or injections, bypasses the liver and gets testosterone into the blood directly. What can you expect from testosterone treatment? It's impossible to predict, because every man is different. Many men report improvement in energy level, sex drive, and quality of erections. Testosterone also increases bone density, muscle mass, and insulin sensitivity in some men. Men also often report an improvement in mood from testosterone replacement. Whether these effects are barely noticeable, or a major boost, is highly individualized. Karen Herbst, MD, Ph D, an endocrinologist at University of California- San Diego, specializes in testosterone deficiency. She estimates about one in 10 men are "ecstatic" about their response to testosterone therapy, while about the same number "don't notice much." The majority have generally positive, but varying responses to testosterone replacement. Testosterone replacement therapy side effects most often include rash, itching, or irritation at the site where the testosterone is applied. However, there is also evidence of a possible increased risk of heart attack or stroke associated with testosterone use. Experts emphasize that the benefits and risks of long-term testosterone therapy are unknown, because large clinical trials haven't yet been done. There are a few health conditions that experts believe testosterone therapy can worsen: Benign prostatic hypertrophy ( BPH): The prostate grows naturally under the stimulation of testosterone. For many men, their prostates grow larger as they age, squeezing the tube carrying urine (urethra). The result is difficulty urinating. This condition, benign prostatic hypertrophy, can be made worse by testosterone therapy. Prostate cancer: Testosterone can stimulate prostate cancer to grow. Most experts recommend screening for prostate cancer before starting testosterone replacement. Men with prostate cancer or elevated prostate specific antigen ( PSA) should probably avoid testosterone treatment. Sleep apnea: This condition can be worsened by testosterone replacement. It may be difficult for a man to detect this himself, but his sleeping partner can often tell. A sleep study (polysomnography) may be needed to make the diagnosis. Blood clots: The FDA requires that testosterone replacement products carry a warning about the risk of blood clots in veins. This could increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism , a potentially life threatening clot that occurs in the lungs. Products already carried a warning about the risk of blood clots due to polycythemia, an abnormal rise in the number of red blood cells that sometimes occurs with testosterone treatment. Now the warning is more general to include men who don't have polycythemia. Congestive heart failure: Men with severe congestive heart failure should usually not take testosterone replacement, as it can worsen the condition. It will be years before large clinical trials bring any answers on the long-term benefits and risks of testosterone therapy. As with any medicine, the decision on whether the possible benefits outweigh any risks is up to you and your doctor. Isn't taking testosterone replacement basically the same as taking steroids, like athletes that "dope"? It's true that anabolic steroids used by some bodybuilders and athletes contain testosterone or chemicals that act like testosterone. The difference is that doses used in testosterone replacement only achieve physiologic (natural) levels of hormone in the blood. The testosterone forms some athletes use illegally are in much higher doses, and often combined ("stacked") with other substances that boost the overall muscle-building (anabolic) effect., Many men with low testosterone report improved energy levels, sex drive, and mood after testosterone treatment.If testosterone is low, why not replace it?Not so fast.A low testosterone level by itself doesn't need treatment.Testosterone replacement therapy can have side effects, and the long-term risks and benefits aren't known.Only men with symptoms of low testosterone and blood levels that confirm this as the cause of symptoms should consider testosterone replacement.Talking with your doctor is the only way to know if testosterone therapy is right for you.The symptoms of low testosterone are sometimes obvious, but they also can be subtle.Testosterone levels decline naturally in men as they age over decades.But certain conditions can also lead to an abnormally low level.Symptoms of low testosterone include: Low sex drive (libido) Erectile dysfunction Fatigue and poor energy level Decreased muscle mass Body and facial hair loss Difficulty concentrating Depression Irritability Low sense of well-being If a man has symptoms of low testosterone and tests show he has an abnormally low testosterone level, a doctor may suggest treatment.For millions of men who have low testosterone levels but no symptoms, no treatment is currently recommended.It is has also not been approved for treating men with low levels because of aging.Testosterone replacement therapy is available in several forms.All can improve testosterone levels: Skin patch (transdermal): Androderm is a skin patch worn on the arm or upper body.It's applied once a day.Gels: Andro Gel and Testim come in packets of clear testosterone gel.Testosterone is absorbed directly through the skin when you apply the gel once a day.Andro Gel, Axiron, and Fortesta also come in a pump that delivers the amount of testosterone prescribed by your doctor.Natesto is a gel applied inside the nose.Mouth patch: Striant is a tablet that sticks to the upper gums above the incisor, the tooth just to the right or left of the two front teeth.Applied twice a day, it continuously releases testosterone into the blood through the oral tissues.Injections and implants: Testosterone can also be injected directly into the muscles, or implanted as pellets in the soft tissues.Your body slowly absorbs the testosterone into the bloodstream.Why not a simple testosterone pill?Oral testosterone is available.However, some experts believe oral testosterone can have negative effects on the liver.Using other methods, such as skin patches, gels, orally disintegrating tablets, or injections, bypasses the liver and gets testosterone into the blood directly.What can you expect from testosterone treatment?It's impossible to predict, because every man is different.Many men report improvement in energy level, sex drive, and quality of erections.Testosterone also increases bone density, muscle mass, and insulin sensitivity in some men.Men also often report an improvement in mood from testosterone replacement.Whether these effects are barely noticeable, or a major boost, is highly individualized.Karen Herbst, MD, Ph D, an endocrinologist at University of California- San Diego, specializes in testosterone deficiency.She estimates about one in 10 men are "ecstatic" about their response to testosterone therapy, while about the same number "don't notice much."The majority have generally positive, but varying responses to testosterone replacement.Testosterone replacement therapy side effects most often include rash, itching, or irritation at the site where the testosterone is applied.However, there is also evidence of a possible increased risk of heart attack or stroke associated with testosterone use.Experts emphasize that the benefits and risks of long-term testosterone therapy are unknown, because large clinical trials haven't yet been done.There are a few health conditions that experts believe testosterone therapy can worsen: Benign prostatic hypertrophy ( BPH): The prostate grows naturally under the stimulation of testosterone.For many men, their prostates grow larger as they age, squeezing the tube carrying urine (urethra).The result is difficulty urinating.This condition, benign prostatic hypertrophy, can be made worse by testosterone therapy.Prostate cancer: Testosterone can stimulate prostate cancer to grow.Most experts recommend screening for prostate cancer before starting testosterone replacement.Men with prostate cancer or elevated prostate specific antigen ( PSA) should probably avoid testosterone treatment.Sleep apnea: This condition can be worsened by testosterone replacement.It may be difficult for a man to detect this himself, but his sleeping partner can often tell.A sleep study (polysomnography) may be needed to make the diagnosis.Blood clots: The FDA requires that testosterone replacement products carry a warning about the risk of blood clots in veins.This could increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism , a potentially life threatening clot that occurs in the lungs.Products already carried a warning about the risk of blood clots due to polycythemia, an abnormal rise in the number of red blood cells that sometimes occurs with testosterone treatment.Now the warning is more general to include men who don't have polycythemia.Congestive heart failure: Men with severe congestive heart failure should usually not take testosterone replacement, as it can worsen the condition.It will be years before large clinical trials bring any answers on the long-term benefits and risks of testosterone therapy.As with any medicine, the decision on whether the possible benefits outweigh any risks is up to you and your doctor.Isn't taking testosterone replacement basically the same as taking steroids, like athletes that "dope"?It's true that anabolic steroids used by some bodybuilders and athletes contain testosterone or chemicals that act like testosterone.The difference is that doses used in testosterone replacement only achieve physiologic (natural) levels of hormone in the blood.The testosterone forms some athletes use illegally are in much higher doses, and often combined ("stacked") with other substances that boost the overall muscle-building (anabolic) effect.

<human>: Can testosterone therapy worsen blood clots? <bot>: Blood clots: The FDA requires that testosterone replacement products carry a warning about the risk of blood clots in veins. This could increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism , a potentially life threatening clot that occurs in the lungs. Products already carried a warning about the risk of blood clots due to polycythemia, an abnormal rise in the number of red blood cells that sometimes occurs with testosterone treatment. Now the warning is more general to include men who don't have polycythemia.,context: Many men with low testosterone report improved energy levels, sex drive, and mood after testosterone treatment. If testosterone is low, why not replace it? Not so fast. A low testosterone level by itself doesn't need treatment. Testosterone replacement therapy can have side effects, and the long-term risks and benefits aren't known. Only men with symptoms of low testosterone and blood levels that confirm this as the cause of symptoms should consider testosterone replacement. Talking with your doctor is the only way to know if testosterone therapy is right for you. The symptoms of low testosterone are sometimes obvious, but they also can be subtle. Testosterone levels decline naturally in men as they age over decades. But certain conditions can also lead to an abnormally low level. Symptoms of low testosterone include: Low sex drive (libido) Erectile dysfunction Fatigue and poor energy level Decreased muscle mass Body and facial hair loss Difficulty concentrating Depression Irritability Low sense of well-being If a man has symptoms of low testosterone and tests show he has an abnormally low testosterone level, a doctor may suggest treatment. For millions of men who have low testosterone levels but no symptoms, no treatment is currently recommended. It is has also not been approved for treating men with low levels because of aging. Testosterone replacement therapy is available in several forms. All can improve testosterone levels: Skin patch (transdermal): Androderm is a skin patch worn on the arm or upper body. It's applied once a day. Gels: Andro Gel and Testim come in packets of clear testosterone gel. Testosterone is absorbed directly through the skin when you apply the gel once a day. Andro Gel, Axiron, and Fortesta also come in a pump that delivers the amount of testosterone prescribed by your doctor. Natesto is a gel applied inside the nose. Mouth patch: Striant is a tablet that sticks to the upper gums above the incisor, the tooth just to the right or left of the two front teeth. Applied twice a day, it continuously releases testosterone into the blood through the oral tissues. Injections and implants: Testosterone can also be injected directly into the muscles, or implanted as pellets in the soft tissues. Your body slowly absorbs the testosterone into the bloodstream. Why not a simple testosterone pill? Oral testosterone is available. However, some experts believe oral testosterone can have negative effects on the liver. Using other methods, such as skin patches, gels, orally disintegrating tablets, or injections, bypasses the liver and gets testosterone into the blood directly. What can you expect from testosterone treatment? It's impossible to predict, because every man is different. Many men report improvement in energy level, sex drive, and quality of erections. Testosterone also increases bone density, muscle mass, and insulin sensitivity in some men. Men also often report an improvement in mood from testosterone replacement. Whether these effects are barely noticeable, or a major boost, is highly individualized. Karen Herbst, MD, Ph D, an endocrinologist at University of California- San Diego, specializes in testosterone deficiency. She estimates about one in 10 men are "ecstatic" about their response to testosterone therapy, while about the same number "don't notice much." The majority have generally positive, but varying responses to testosterone replacement. Testosterone replacement therapy side effects most often include rash, itching, or irritation at the site where the testosterone is applied. However, there is also evidence of a possible increased risk of heart attack or stroke associated with testosterone use. Experts emphasize that the benefits and risks of long-term testosterone therapy are unknown, because large clinical trials haven't yet been done. There are a few health conditions that experts believe testosterone therapy can worsen: Benign prostatic hypertrophy ( BPH): The prostate grows naturally under the stimulation of testosterone. For many men, their prostates grow larger as they age, squeezing the tube carrying urine (urethra). The result is difficulty urinating. This condition, benign prostatic hypertrophy, can be made worse by testosterone therapy. Prostate cancer: Testosterone can stimulate prostate cancer to grow. Most experts recommend screening for prostate cancer before starting testosterone replacement. Men with prostate cancer or elevated prostate specific antigen ( PSA) should probably avoid testosterone treatment. Sleep apnea: This condition can be worsened by testosterone replacement. It may be difficult for a man to detect this himself, but his sleeping partner can often tell. A sleep study (polysomnography) may be needed to make the diagnosis. Blood clots: The FDA requires that testosterone replacement products carry a warning about the risk of blood clots in veins. This could increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism , a potentially life threatening clot that occurs in the lungs. Products already carried a warning about the risk of blood clots due to polycythemia, an abnormal rise in the number of red blood cells that sometimes occurs with testosterone treatment. Now the warning is more general to include men who don't have polycythemia. Congestive heart failure: Men with severe congestive heart failure should usually not take testosterone replacement, as it can worsen the condition. It will be years before large clinical trials bring any answers on the long-term benefits and risks of testosterone therapy. As with any medicine, the decision on whether the possible benefits outweigh any risks is up to you and your doctor. Isn't taking testosterone replacement basically the same as taking steroids, like athletes that "dope"? It's true that anabolic steroids used by some bodybuilders and athletes contain testosterone or chemicals that act like testosterone. The difference is that doses used in testosterone replacement only achieve physiologic (natural) levels of hormone in the blood. The testosterone forms some athletes use illegally are in much higher doses, and often combined ("stacked") with other substances that boost the overall muscle-building (anabolic) effect., Many men with low testosterone report improved energy levels, sex drive, and mood after testosterone treatment.If testosterone is low, why not replace it?Not so fast.A low testosterone level by itself doesn't need treatment.Testosterone replacement therapy can have side effects, and the long-term risks and benefits aren't known.Only men with symptoms of low testosterone and blood levels that confirm this as the cause of symptoms should consider testosterone replacement.Talking with your doctor is the only way to know if testosterone therapy is right for you.The symptoms of low testosterone are sometimes obvious, but they also can be subtle.Testosterone levels decline naturally in men as they age over decades.But certain conditions can also lead to an abnormally low level.Symptoms of low testosterone include: Low sex drive (libido) Erectile dysfunction Fatigue and poor energy level Decreased muscle mass Body and facial hair loss Difficulty concentrating Depression Irritability Low sense of well-being If a man has symptoms of low testosterone and tests show he has an abnormally low testosterone level, a doctor may suggest treatment.For millions of men who have low testosterone levels but no symptoms, no treatment is currently recommended.It is has also not been approved for treating men with low levels because of aging.Testosterone replacement therapy is available in several forms.All can improve testosterone levels: Skin patch (transdermal): Androderm is a skin patch worn on the arm or upper body.It's applied once a day.Gels: Andro Gel and Testim come in packets of clear testosterone gel.Testosterone is absorbed directly through the skin when you apply the gel once a day.Andro Gel, Axiron, and Fortesta also come in a pump that delivers the amount of testosterone prescribed by your doctor.Natesto is a gel applied inside the nose.Mouth patch: Striant is a tablet that sticks to the upper gums above the incisor, the tooth just to the right or left of the two front teeth.Applied twice a day, it continuously releases testosterone into the blood through the oral tissues.Injections and implants: Testosterone can also be injected directly into the muscles, or implanted as pellets in the soft tissues.Your body slowly absorbs the testosterone into the bloodstream.Why not a simple testosterone pill?Oral testosterone is available.However, some experts believe oral testosterone can have negative effects on the liver.Using other methods, such as skin patches, gels, orally disintegrating tablets, or injections, bypasses the liver and gets testosterone into the blood directly.What can you expect from testosterone treatment?It's impossible to predict, because every man is different.Many men report improvement in energy level, sex drive, and quality of erections.Testosterone also increases bone density, muscle mass, and insulin sensitivity in some men.Men also often report an improvement in mood from testosterone replacement.Whether these effects are barely noticeable, or a major boost, is highly individualized.Karen Herbst, MD, Ph D, an endocrinologist at University of California- San Diego, specializes in testosterone deficiency.She estimates about one in 10 men are "ecstatic" about their response to testosterone therapy, while about the same number "don't notice much."The majority have generally positive, but varying responses to testosterone replacement.Testosterone replacement therapy side effects most often include rash, itching, or irritation at the site where the testosterone is applied.However, there is also evidence of a possible increased risk of heart attack or stroke associated with testosterone use.Experts emphasize that the benefits and risks of long-term testosterone therapy are unknown, because large clinical trials haven't yet been done.There are a few health conditions that experts believe testosterone therapy can worsen: Benign prostatic hypertrophy ( BPH): The prostate grows naturally under the stimulation of testosterone.For many men, their prostates grow larger as they age, squeezing the tube carrying urine (urethra).The result is difficulty urinating.This condition, benign prostatic hypertrophy, can be made worse by testosterone therapy.Prostate cancer: Testosterone can stimulate prostate cancer to grow.Most experts recommend screening for prostate cancer before starting testosterone replacement.Men with prostate cancer or elevated prostate specific antigen ( PSA) should probably avoid testosterone treatment.Sleep apnea: This condition can be worsened by testosterone replacement.It may be difficult for a man to detect this himself, but his sleeping partner can often tell.A sleep study (polysomnography) may be needed to make the diagnosis.Blood clots: The FDA requires that testosterone replacement products carry a warning about the risk of blood clots in veins.This could increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism , a potentially life threatening clot that occurs in the lungs.Products already carried a warning about the risk of blood clots due to polycythemia, an abnormal rise in the number of red blood cells that sometimes occurs with testosterone treatment.Now the warning is more general to include men who don't have polycythemia.Congestive heart failure: Men with severe congestive heart failure should usually not take testosterone replacement, as it can worsen the condition.It will be years before large clinical trials bring any answers on the long-term benefits and risks of testosterone therapy.As with any medicine, the decision on whether the possible benefits outweigh any risks is up to you and your doctor.Isn't taking testosterone replacement basically the same as taking steroids, like athletes that "dope"?It's true that anabolic steroids used by some bodybuilders and athletes contain testosterone or chemicals that act like testosterone.The difference is that doses used in testosterone replacement only achieve physiologic (natural) levels of hormone in the blood.The testosterone forms some athletes use illegally are in much higher doses, and often combined ("stacked") with other substances that boost the overall muscle-building (anabolic) effect.

<human>: Is low testosterone treated if there are no symptoms? <bot>: Symptoms of low testosterone include: Low sex drive (libido) Erectile dysfunction Fatigue and poor energy level Decreased muscle mass Body and facial hair loss Difficulty concentrating Depression Irritability Low sense of well-being If a man has symptoms of low testosterone and tests show he has an abnormally low testosterone level, a doctor may suggest treatment. For millions of men who have low testosterone levels but no symptoms, no treatment is currently recommended. It is has also not been approved for treating men with low levels because of aging.,context: Many men with low testosterone report improved energy levels, sex drive, and mood after testosterone treatment. If testosterone is low, why not replace it? Not so fast. A low testosterone level by itself doesn't need treatment. Testosterone replacement therapy can have side effects, and the long-term risks and benefits aren't known. Only men with symptoms of low testosterone and blood levels that confirm this as the cause of symptoms should consider testosterone replacement. Talking with your doctor is the only way to know if testosterone therapy is right for you. The symptoms of low testosterone are sometimes obvious, but they also can be subtle. Testosterone levels decline naturally in men as they age over decades. But certain conditions can also lead to an abnormally low level. Symptoms of low testosterone include: Low sex drive (libido) Erectile dysfunction Fatigue and poor energy level Decreased muscle mass Body and facial hair loss Difficulty concentrating Depression Irritability Low sense of well-being If a man has symptoms of low testosterone and tests show he has an abnormally low testosterone level, a doctor may suggest treatment. For millions of men who have low testosterone levels but no symptoms, no treatment is currently recommended. It is has also not been approved for treating men with low levels because of aging. Testosterone replacement therapy is available in several forms. All can improve testosterone levels: Skin patch (transdermal): Androderm is a skin patch worn on the arm or upper body. It's applied once a day. Gels: Andro Gel and Testim come in packets of clear testosterone gel. Testosterone is absorbed directly through the skin when you apply the gel once a day. Andro Gel, Axiron, and Fortesta also come in a pump that delivers the amount of testosterone prescribed by your doctor. Natesto is a gel applied inside the nose. Mouth patch: Striant is a tablet that sticks to the upper gums above the incisor, the tooth just to the right or left of the two front teeth. Applied twice a day, it continuously releases testosterone into the blood through the oral tissues. Injections and implants: Testosterone can also be injected directly into the muscles, or implanted as pellets in the soft tissues. Your body slowly absorbs the testosterone into the bloodstream. Why not a simple testosterone pill? Oral testosterone is available. However, some experts believe oral testosterone can have negative effects on the liver. Using other methods, such as skin patches, gels, orally disintegrating tablets, or injections, bypasses the liver and gets testosterone into the blood directly. What can you expect from testosterone treatment? It's impossible to predict, because every man is different. Many men report improvement in energy level, sex drive, and quality of erections. Testosterone also increases bone density, muscle mass, and insulin sensitivity in some men. Men also often report an improvement in mood from testosterone replacement. Whether these effects are barely noticeable, or a major boost, is highly individualized. Karen Herbst, MD, Ph D, an endocrinologist at University of California- San Diego, specializes in testosterone deficiency. She estimates about one in 10 men are "ecstatic" about their response to testosterone therapy, while about the same number "don't notice much." The majority have generally positive, but varying responses to testosterone replacement. Testosterone replacement therapy side effects most often include rash, itching, or irritation at the site where the testosterone is applied. However, there is also evidence of a possible increased risk of heart attack or stroke associated with testosterone use. Experts emphasize that the benefits and risks of long-term testosterone therapy are unknown, because large clinical trials haven't yet been done. There are a few health conditions that experts believe testosterone therapy can worsen: Benign prostatic hypertrophy ( BPH): The prostate grows naturally under the stimulation of testosterone. For many men, their prostates grow larger as they age, squeezing the tube carrying urine (urethra). The result is difficulty urinating. This condition, benign prostatic hypertrophy, can be made worse by testosterone therapy. Prostate cancer: Testosterone can stimulate prostate cancer to grow. Most experts recommend screening for prostate cancer before starting testosterone replacement. Men with prostate cancer or elevated prostate specific antigen ( PSA) should probably avoid testosterone treatment. Sleep apnea: This condition can be worsened by testosterone replacement. It may be difficult for a man to detect this himself, but his sleeping partner can often tell. A sleep study (polysomnography) may be needed to make the diagnosis. Blood clots: The FDA requires that testosterone replacement products carry a warning about the risk of blood clots in veins. This could increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism , a potentially life threatening clot that occurs in the lungs. Products already carried a warning about the risk of blood clots due to polycythemia, an abnormal rise in the number of red blood cells that sometimes occurs with testosterone treatment. Now the warning is more general to include men who don't have polycythemia. Congestive heart failure: Men with severe congestive heart failure should usually not take testosterone replacement, as it can worsen the condition. It will be years before large clinical trials bring any answers on the long-term benefits and risks of testosterone therapy. As with any medicine, the decision on whether the possible benefits outweigh any risks is up to you and your doctor. Isn't taking testosterone replacement basically the same as taking steroids, like athletes that "dope"? It's true that anabolic steroids used by some bodybuilders and athletes contain testosterone or chemicals that act like testosterone. The difference is that doses used in testosterone replacement only achieve physiologic (natural) levels of hormone in the blood. The testosterone forms some athletes use illegally are in much higher doses, and often combined ("stacked") with other substances that boost the overall muscle-building (anabolic) effect., Many men with low testosterone report improved energy levels, sex drive, and mood after testosterone treatment.If testosterone is low, why not replace it?Not so fast.A low testosterone level by itself doesn't need treatment.Testosterone replacement therapy can have side effects, and the long-term risks and benefits aren't known.Only men with symptoms of low testosterone and blood levels that confirm this as the cause of symptoms should consider testosterone replacement.Talking with your doctor is the only way to know if testosterone therapy is right for you.The symptoms of low testosterone are sometimes obvious, but they also can be subtle.Testosterone levels decline naturally in men as they age over decades.But certain conditions can also lead to an abnormally low level.Symptoms of low testosterone include: Low sex drive (libido) Erectile dysfunction Fatigue and poor energy level Decreased muscle mass Body and facial hair loss Difficulty concentrating Depression Irritability Low sense of well-being If a man has symptoms of low testosterone and tests show he has an abnormally low testosterone level, a doctor may suggest treatment.For millions of men who have low testosterone levels but no symptoms, no treatment is currently recommended.It is has also not been approved for treating men with low levels because of aging.Testosterone replacement therapy is available in several forms.All can improve testosterone levels: Skin patch (transdermal): Androderm is a skin patch worn on the arm or upper body.It's applied once a day.Gels: Andro Gel and Testim come in packets of clear testosterone gel.Testosterone is absorbed directly through the skin when you apply the gel once a day.Andro Gel, Axiron, and Fortesta also come in a pump that delivers the amount of testosterone prescribed by your doctor.Natesto is a gel applied inside the nose.Mouth patch: Striant is a tablet that sticks to the upper gums above the incisor, the tooth just to the right or left of the two front teeth.Applied twice a day, it continuously releases testosterone into the blood through the oral tissues.Injections and implants: Testosterone can also be injected directly into the muscles, or implanted as pellets in the soft tissues.Your body slowly absorbs the testosterone into the bloodstream.Why not a simple testosterone pill?Oral testosterone is available.However, some experts believe oral testosterone can have negative effects on the liver.Using other methods, such as skin patches, gels, orally disintegrating tablets, or injections, bypasses the liver and gets testosterone into the blood directly.What can you expect from testosterone treatment?It's impossible to predict, because every man is different.Many men report improvement in energy level, sex drive, and quality of erections.Testosterone also increases bone density, muscle mass, and insulin sensitivity in some men.Men also often report an improvement in mood from testosterone replacement.Whether these effects are barely noticeable, or a major boost, is highly individualized.Karen Herbst, MD, Ph D, an endocrinologist at University of California- San Diego, specializes in testosterone deficiency.She estimates about one in 10 men are "ecstatic" about their response to testosterone therapy, while about the same number "don't notice much."The majority have generally positive, but varying responses to testosterone replacement.Testosterone replacement therapy side effects most often include rash, itching, or irritation at the site where the testosterone is applied.However, there is also evidence of a possible increased risk of heart attack or stroke associated with testosterone use.Experts emphasize that the benefits and risks of long-term testosterone therapy are unknown, because large clinical trials haven't yet been done.There are a few health conditions that experts believe testosterone therapy can worsen: Benign prostatic hypertrophy ( BPH): The prostate grows naturally under the stimulation of testosterone.For many men, their prostates grow larger as they age, squeezing the tube carrying urine (urethra).The result is difficulty urinating.This condition, benign prostatic hypertrophy, can be made worse by testosterone therapy.Prostate cancer: Testosterone can stimulate prostate cancer to grow.Most experts recommend screening for prostate cancer before starting testosterone replacement.Men with prostate cancer or elevated prostate specific antigen ( PSA) should probably avoid testosterone treatment.Sleep apnea: This condition can be worsened by testosterone replacement.It may be difficult for a man to detect this himself, but his sleeping partner can often tell.A sleep study (polysomnography) may be needed to make the diagnosis.Blood clots: The FDA requires that testosterone replacement products carry a warning about the risk of blood clots in veins.This could increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism , a potentially life threatening clot that occurs in the lungs.Products already carried a warning about the risk of blood clots due to polycythemia, an abnormal rise in the number of red blood cells that sometimes occurs with testosterone treatment.Now the warning is more general to include men who don't have polycythemia.Congestive heart failure: Men with severe congestive heart failure should usually not take testosterone replacement, as it can worsen the condition.It will be years before large clinical trials bring any answers on the long-term benefits and risks of testosterone therapy.As with any medicine, the decision on whether the possible benefits outweigh any risks is up to you and your doctor.Isn't taking testosterone replacement basically the same as taking steroids, like athletes that "dope"?It's true that anabolic steroids used by some bodybuilders and athletes contain testosterone or chemicals that act like testosterone.The difference is that doses used in testosterone replacement only achieve physiologic (natural) levels of hormone in the blood.The testosterone forms some athletes use illegally are in much higher doses, and often combined ("stacked") with other substances that boost the overall muscle-building (anabolic) effect.

<human>: What are the risks of testosterone therapy? <bot>: Testosterone replacement therapy side effects most often include rash, itching, or irritation at the site where the testosterone is applied. However, there is also evidence of a possible increased risk of heart attack or stroke associated with testosterone use. Experts emphasize that the benefits and risks of long-term testosterone therapy are unknown, because large clinical trials haven't yet been done.,context: Many men with low testosterone report improved energy levels, sex drive, and mood after testosterone treatment. If testosterone is low, why not replace it? Not so fast. A low testosterone level by itself doesn't need treatment. Testosterone replacement therapy can have side effects, and the long-term risks and benefits aren't known. Only men with symptoms of low testosterone and blood levels that confirm this as the cause of symptoms should consider testosterone replacement. Talking with your doctor is the only way to know if testosterone therapy is right for you. The symptoms of low testosterone are sometimes obvious, but they also can be subtle. Testosterone levels decline naturally in men as they age over decades. But certain conditions can also lead to an abnormally low level. Symptoms of low testosterone include: Low sex drive (libido) Erectile dysfunction Fatigue and poor energy level Decreased muscle mass Body and facial hair loss Difficulty concentrating Depression Irritability Low sense of well-being If a man has symptoms of low testosterone and tests show he has an abnormally low testosterone level, a doctor may suggest treatment. For millions of men who have low testosterone levels but no symptoms, no treatment is currently recommended. It is has also not been approved for treating men with low levels because of aging. Testosterone replacement therapy is available in several forms. All can improve testosterone levels: Skin patch (transdermal): Androderm is a skin patch worn on the arm or upper body. It's applied once a day. Gels: Andro Gel and Testim come in packets of clear testosterone gel. Testosterone is absorbed directly through the skin when you apply the gel once a day. Andro Gel, Axiron, and Fortesta also come in a pump that delivers the amount of testosterone prescribed by your doctor. Natesto is a gel applied inside the nose. Mouth patch: Striant is a tablet that sticks to the upper gums above the incisor, the tooth just to the right or left of the two front teeth. Applied twice a day, it continuously releases testosterone into the blood through the oral tissues. Injections and implants: Testosterone can also be injected directly into the muscles, or implanted as pellets in the soft tissues. Your body slowly absorbs the testosterone into the bloodstream. Why not a simple testosterone pill? Oral testosterone is available. However, some experts believe oral testosterone can have negative effects on the liver. Using other methods, such as skin patches, gels, orally disintegrating tablets, or injections, bypasses the liver and gets testosterone into the blood directly. What can you expect from testosterone treatment? It's impossible to predict, because every man is different. Many men report improvement in energy level, sex drive, and quality of erections. Testosterone also increases bone density, muscle mass, and insulin sensitivity in some men. Men also often report an improvement in mood from testosterone replacement. Whether these effects are barely noticeable, or a major boost, is highly individualized. Karen Herbst, MD, Ph D, an endocrinologist at University of California- San Diego, specializes in testosterone deficiency. She estimates about one in 10 men are "ecstatic" about their response to testosterone therapy, while about the same number "don't notice much." The majority have generally positive, but varying responses to testosterone replacement. Testosterone replacement therapy side effects most often include rash, itching, or irritation at the site where the testosterone is applied. However, there is also evidence of a possible increased risk of heart attack or stroke associated with testosterone use. Experts emphasize that the benefits and risks of long-term testosterone therapy are unknown, because large clinical trials haven't yet been done. There are a few health conditions that experts believe testosterone therapy can worsen: Benign prostatic hypertrophy ( BPH): The prostate grows naturally under the stimulation of testosterone. For many men, their prostates grow larger as they age, squeezing the tube carrying urine (urethra). The result is difficulty urinating. This condition, benign prostatic hypertrophy, can be made worse by testosterone therapy. Prostate cancer: Testosterone can stimulate prostate cancer to grow. Most experts recommend screening for prostate cancer before starting testosterone replacement. Men with prostate cancer or elevated prostate specific antigen ( PSA) should probably avoid testosterone treatment. Sleep apnea: This condition can be worsened by testosterone replacement. It may be difficult for a man to detect this himself, but his sleeping partner can often tell. A sleep study (polysomnography) may be needed to make the diagnosis. Blood clots: The FDA requires that testosterone replacement products carry a warning about the risk of blood clots in veins. This could increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism , a potentially life threatening clot that occurs in the lungs. Products already carried a warning about the risk of blood clots due to polycythemia, an abnormal rise in the number of red blood cells that sometimes occurs with testosterone treatment. Now the warning is more general to include men who don't have polycythemia. Congestive heart failure: Men with severe congestive heart failure should usually not take testosterone replacement, as it can worsen the condition. It will be years before large clinical trials bring any answers on the long-term benefits and risks of testosterone therapy. As with any medicine, the decision on whether the possible benefits outweigh any risks is up to you and your doctor. Isn't taking testosterone replacement basically the same as taking steroids, like athletes that "dope"? It's true that anabolic steroids used by some bodybuilders and athletes contain testosterone or chemicals that act like testosterone. The difference is that doses used in testosterone replacement only achieve physiologic (natural) levels of hormone in the blood. The testosterone forms some athletes use illegally are in much higher doses, and often combined ("stacked") with other substances that boost the overall muscle-building (anabolic) effect., Many men with low testosterone report improved energy levels, sex drive, and mood after testosterone treatment.If testosterone is low, why not replace it?Not so fast.A low testosterone level by itself doesn't need treatment.Testosterone replacement therapy can have side effects, and the long-term risks and benefits aren't known.Only men with symptoms of low testosterone and blood levels that confirm this as the cause of symptoms should consider testosterone replacement.Talking with your doctor is the only way to know if testosterone therapy is right for you.The symptoms of low testosterone are sometimes obvious, but they also can be subtle.Testosterone levels decline naturally in men as they age over decades.But certain conditions can also lead to an abnormally low level.Symptoms of low testosterone include: Low sex drive (libido) Erectile dysfunction Fatigue and poor energy level Decreased muscle mass Body and facial hair loss Difficulty concentrating Depression Irritability Low sense of well-being If a man has symptoms of low testosterone and tests show he has an abnormally low testosterone level, a doctor may suggest treatment.For millions of men who have low testosterone levels but no symptoms, no treatment is currently recommended.It is has also not been approved for treating men with low levels because of aging.Testosterone replacement therapy is available in several forms.All can improve testosterone levels: Skin patch (transdermal): Androderm is a skin patch worn on the arm or upper body.It's applied once a day.Gels: Andro Gel and Testim come in packets of clear testosterone gel.Testosterone is absorbed directly through the skin when you apply the gel once a day.Andro Gel, Axiron, and Fortesta also come in a pump that delivers the amount of testosterone prescribed by your doctor.Natesto is a gel applied inside the nose.Mouth patch: Striant is a tablet that sticks to the upper gums above the incisor, the tooth just to the right or left of the two front teeth.Applied twice a day, it continuously releases testosterone into the blood through the oral tissues.Injections and implants: Testosterone can also be injected directly into the muscles, or implanted as pellets in the soft tissues.Your body slowly absorbs the testosterone into the bloodstream.Why not a simple testosterone pill?Oral testosterone is available.However, some experts believe oral testosterone can have negative effects on the liver.Using other methods, such as skin patches, gels, orally disintegrating tablets, or injections, bypasses the liver and gets testosterone into the blood directly.What can you expect from testosterone treatment?It's impossible to predict, because every man is different.Many men report improvement in energy level, sex drive, and quality of erections.Testosterone also increases bone density, muscle mass, and insulin sensitivity in some men.Men also often report an improvement in mood from testosterone replacement.Whether these effects are barely noticeable, or a major boost, is highly individualized.Karen Herbst, MD, Ph D, an endocrinologist at University of California- San Diego, specializes in testosterone deficiency.She estimates about one in 10 men are "ecstatic" about their response to testosterone therapy, while about the same number "don't notice much."The majority have generally positive, but varying responses to testosterone replacement.Testosterone replacement therapy side effects most often include rash, itching, or irritation at the site where the testosterone is applied.However, there is also evidence of a possible increased risk of heart attack or stroke associated with testosterone use.Experts emphasize that the benefits and risks of long-term testosterone therapy are unknown, because large clinical trials haven't yet been done.There are a few health conditions that experts believe testosterone therapy can worsen: Benign prostatic hypertrophy ( BPH): The prostate grows naturally under the stimulation of testosterone.For many men, their prostates grow larger as they age, squeezing the tube carrying urine (urethra).The result is difficulty urinating.This condition, benign prostatic hypertrophy, can be made worse by testosterone therapy.Prostate cancer: Testosterone can stimulate prostate cancer to grow.Most experts recommend screening for prostate cancer before starting testosterone replacement.Men with prostate cancer or elevated prostate specific antigen ( PSA) should probably avoid testosterone treatment.Sleep apnea: This condition can be worsened by testosterone replacement.It may be difficult for a man to detect this himself, but his sleeping partner can often tell.A sleep study (polysomnography) may be needed to make the diagnosis.Blood clots: The FDA requires that testosterone replacement products carry a warning about the risk of blood clots in veins.This could increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism , a potentially life threatening clot that occurs in the lungs.Products already carried a warning about the risk of blood clots due to polycythemia, an abnormal rise in the number of red blood cells that sometimes occurs with testosterone treatment.Now the warning is more general to include men who don't have polycythemia.Congestive heart failure: Men with severe congestive heart failure should usually not take testosterone replacement, as it can worsen the condition.It will be years before large clinical trials bring any answers on the long-term benefits and risks of testosterone therapy.As with any medicine, the decision on whether the possible benefits outweigh any risks is up to you and your doctor.Isn't taking testosterone replacement basically the same as taking steroids, like athletes that "dope"?It's true that anabolic steroids used by some bodybuilders and athletes contain testosterone or chemicals that act like testosterone.The difference is that doses used in testosterone replacement only achieve physiologic (natural) levels of hormone in the blood.The testosterone forms some athletes use illegally are in much higher doses, and often combined ("stacked") with other substances that boost the overall muscle-building (anabolic) effect.

<human>: Can testosterone therapy worsen benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)? <bot>: Testosterone levels decline naturally in men as they age over decades. The result is difficulty urinating. This condition, benign prostatic hypertrophy, can be made worse by testosterone therapy.,context: Many men with low testosterone report improved energy levels, sex drive, and mood after testosterone treatment. If testosterone is low, why not replace it? Not so fast. A low testosterone level by itself doesn't need treatment. Testosterone replacement therapy can have side effects, and the long-term risks and benefits aren't known. Only men with symptoms of low testosterone and blood levels that confirm this as the cause of symptoms should consider testosterone replacement. Talking with your doctor is the only way to know if testosterone therapy is right for you. The symptoms of low testosterone are sometimes obvious, but they also can be subtle. Testosterone levels decline naturally in men as they age over decades. But certain conditions can also lead to an abnormally low level. Symptoms of low testosterone include: Low sex drive (libido) Erectile dysfunction Fatigue and poor energy level Decreased muscle mass Body and facial hair loss Difficulty concentrating Depression Irritability Low sense of well-being If a man has symptoms of low testosterone and tests show he has an abnormally low testosterone level, a doctor may suggest treatment. For millions of men who have low testosterone levels but no symptoms, no treatment is currently recommended. It is has also not been approved for treating men with low levels because of aging. Testosterone replacement therapy is available in several forms. All can improve testosterone levels: Skin patch (transdermal): Androderm is a skin patch worn on the arm or upper body. It's applied once a day. Gels: Andro Gel and Testim come in packets of clear testosterone gel. Testosterone is absorbed directly through the skin when you apply the gel once a day. Andro Gel, Axiron, and Fortesta also come in a pump that delivers the amount of testosterone prescribed by your doctor. Natesto is a gel applied inside the nose. Mouth patch: Striant is a tablet that sticks to the upper gums above the incisor, the tooth just to the right or left of the two front teeth. Applied twice a day, it continuously releases testosterone into the blood through the oral tissues. Injections and implants: Testosterone can also be injected directly into the muscles, or implanted as pellets in the soft tissues. Your body slowly absorbs the testosterone into the bloodstream. Why not a simple testosterone pill? Oral testosterone is available. However, some experts believe oral testosterone can have negative effects on the liver. Using other methods, such as skin patches, gels, orally disintegrating tablets, or injections, bypasses the liver and gets testosterone into the blood directly. What can you expect from testosterone treatment? It's impossible to predict, because every man is different. Many men report improvement in energy level, sex drive, and quality of erections. Testosterone also increases bone density, muscle mass, and insulin sensitivity in some men. Men also often report an improvement in mood from testosterone replacement. Whether these effects are barely noticeable, or a major boost, is highly individualized. Karen Herbst, MD, Ph D, an endocrinologist at University of California- San Diego, specializes in testosterone deficiency. She estimates about one in 10 men are "ecstatic" about their response to testosterone therapy, while about the same number "don't notice much." The majority have generally positive, but varying responses to testosterone replacement. Testosterone replacement therapy side effects most often include rash, itching, or irritation at the site where the testosterone is applied. However, there is also evidence of a possible increased risk of heart attack or stroke associated with testosterone use. Experts emphasize that the benefits and risks of long-term testosterone therapy are unknown, because large clinical trials haven't yet been done. There are a few health conditions that experts believe testosterone therapy can worsen: Benign prostatic hypertrophy ( BPH): The prostate grows naturally under the stimulation of testosterone. For many men, their prostates grow larger as they age, squeezing the tube carrying urine (urethra). The result is difficulty urinating. This condition, benign prostatic hypertrophy, can be made worse by testosterone therapy. Prostate cancer: Testosterone can stimulate prostate cancer to grow. Most experts recommend screening for prostate cancer before starting testosterone replacement. Men with prostate cancer or elevated prostate specific antigen ( PSA) should probably avoid testosterone treatment. Sleep apnea: This condition can be worsened by testosterone replacement. It may be difficult for a man to detect this himself, but his sleeping partner can often tell. A sleep study (polysomnography) may be needed to make the diagnosis. Blood clots: The FDA requires that testosterone replacement products carry a warning about the risk of blood clots in veins. This could increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism , a potentially life threatening clot that occurs in the lungs. Products already carried a warning about the risk of blood clots due to polycythemia, an abnormal rise in the number of red blood cells that sometimes occurs with testosterone treatment. Now the warning is more general to include men who don't have polycythemia. Congestive heart failure: Men with severe congestive heart failure should usually not take testosterone replacement, as it can worsen the condition. It will be years before large clinical trials bring any answers on the long-term benefits and risks of testosterone therapy. As with any medicine, the decision on whether the possible benefits outweigh any risks is up to you and your doctor. Isn't taking testosterone replacement basically the same as taking steroids, like athletes that "dope"? It's true that anabolic steroids used by some bodybuilders and athletes contain testosterone or chemicals that act like testosterone. The difference is that doses used in testosterone replacement only achieve physiologic (natural) levels of hormone in the blood. The testosterone forms some athletes use illegally are in much higher doses, and often combined ("stacked") with other substances that boost the overall muscle-building (anabolic) effect., Many men with low testosterone report improved energy levels, sex drive, and mood after testosterone treatment.If testosterone is low, why not replace it?Not so fast.A low testosterone level by itself doesn't need treatment.Testosterone replacement therapy can have side effects, and the long-term risks and benefits aren't known.Only men with symptoms of low testosterone and blood levels that confirm this as the cause of symptoms should consider testosterone replacement.Talking with your doctor is the only way to know if testosterone therapy is right for you.The symptoms of low testosterone are sometimes obvious, but they also can be subtle.Testosterone levels decline naturally in men as they age over decades.But certain conditions can also lead to an abnormally low level.Symptoms of low testosterone include: Low sex drive (libido) Erectile dysfunction Fatigue and poor energy level Decreased muscle mass Body and facial hair loss Difficulty concentrating Depression Irritability Low sense of well-being If a man has symptoms of low testosterone and tests show he has an abnormally low testosterone level, a doctor may suggest treatment.For millions of men who have low testosterone levels but no symptoms, no treatment is currently recommended.It is has also not been approved for treating men with low levels because of aging.Testosterone replacement therapy is available in several forms.All can improve testosterone levels: Skin patch (transdermal): Androderm is a skin patch worn on the arm or upper body.It's applied once a day.Gels: Andro Gel and Testim come in packets of clear testosterone gel.Testosterone is absorbed directly through the skin when you apply the gel once a day.Andro Gel, Axiron, and Fortesta also come in a pump that delivers the amount of testosterone prescribed by your doctor.Natesto is a gel applied inside the nose.Mouth patch: Striant is a tablet that sticks to the upper gums above the incisor, the tooth just to the right or left of the two front teeth.Applied twice a day, it continuously releases testosterone into the blood through the oral tissues.Injections and implants: Testosterone can also be injected directly into the muscles, or implanted as pellets in the soft tissues.Your body slowly absorbs the testosterone into the bloodstream.Why not a simple testosterone pill?Oral testosterone is available.However, some experts believe oral testosterone can have negative effects on the liver.Using other methods, such as skin patches, gels, orally disintegrating tablets, or injections, bypasses the liver and gets testosterone into the blood directly.What can you expect from testosterone treatment?It's impossible to predict, because every man is different.Many men report improvement in energy level, sex drive, and quality of erections.Testosterone also increases bone density, muscle mass, and insulin sensitivity in some men.Men also often report an improvement in mood from testosterone replacement.Whether these effects are barely noticeable, or a major boost, is highly individualized.Karen Herbst, MD, Ph D, an endocrinologist at University of California- San Diego, specializes in testosterone deficiency.She estimates about one in 10 men are "ecstatic" about their response to testosterone therapy, while about the same number "don't notice much."The majority have generally positive, but varying responses to testosterone replacement.Testosterone replacement therapy side effects most often include rash, itching, or irritation at the site where the testosterone is applied.However, there is also evidence of a possible increased risk of heart attack or stroke associated with testosterone use.Experts emphasize that the benefits and risks of long-term testosterone therapy are unknown, because large clinical trials haven't yet been done.There are a few health conditions that experts believe testosterone therapy can worsen: Benign prostatic hypertrophy ( BPH): The prostate grows naturally under the stimulation of testosterone.For many men, their prostates grow larger as they age, squeezing the tube carrying urine (urethra).The result is difficulty urinating.This condition, benign prostatic hypertrophy, can be made worse by testosterone therapy.Prostate cancer: Testosterone can stimulate prostate cancer to grow.Most experts recommend screening for prostate cancer before starting testosterone replacement.Men with prostate cancer or elevated prostate specific antigen ( PSA) should probably avoid testosterone treatment.Sleep apnea: This condition can be worsened by testosterone replacement.It may be difficult for a man to detect this himself, but his sleeping partner can often tell.A sleep study (polysomnography) may be needed to make the diagnosis.Blood clots: The FDA requires that testosterone replacement products carry a warning about the risk of blood clots in veins.This could increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism , a potentially life threatening clot that occurs in the lungs.Products already carried a warning about the risk of blood clots due to polycythemia, an abnormal rise in the number of red blood cells that sometimes occurs with testosterone treatment.Now the warning is more general to include men who don't have polycythemia.Congestive heart failure: Men with severe congestive heart failure should usually not take testosterone replacement, as it can worsen the condition.It will be years before large clinical trials bring any answers on the long-term benefits and risks of testosterone therapy.As with any medicine, the decision on whether the possible benefits outweigh any risks is up to you and your doctor.Isn't taking testosterone replacement basically the same as taking steroids, like athletes that "dope"?It's true that anabolic steroids used by some bodybuilders and athletes contain testosterone or chemicals that act like testosterone.The difference is that doses used in testosterone replacement only achieve physiologic (natural) levels of hormone in the blood.The testosterone forms some athletes use illegally are in much higher doses, and often combined ("stacked") with other substances that boost the overall muscle-building (anabolic) effect.

<human>: What is the difference between testosterone replacement and performance-enhancing steroids? <bot>: Only men with symptoms of low testosterone and blood levels that confirm this as the cause of symptoms should consider testosterone replacement. Isn't taking testosterone replacement basically the same as taking steroids, like athletes that "dope"? It's true that anabolic steroids used by some bodybuilders and athletes contain testosterone or chemicals that act like testosterone.,context: Many men with low testosterone report improved energy levels, sex drive, and mood after testosterone treatment. If testosterone is low, why not replace it? Not so fast. A low testosterone level by itself doesn't need treatment. Testosterone replacement therapy can have side effects, and the long-term risks and benefits aren't known. Only men with symptoms of low testosterone and blood levels that confirm this as the cause of symptoms should consider testosterone replacement. Talking with your doctor is the only way to know if testosterone therapy is right for you. The symptoms of low testosterone are sometimes obvious, but they also can be subtle. Testosterone levels decline naturally in men as they age over decades. But certain conditions can also lead to an abnormally low level. Symptoms of low testosterone include: Low sex drive (libido) Erectile dysfunction Fatigue and poor energy level Decreased muscle mass Body and facial hair loss Difficulty concentrating Depression Irritability Low sense of well-being If a man has symptoms of low testosterone and tests show he has an abnormally low testosterone level, a doctor may suggest treatment. For millions of men who have low testosterone levels but no symptoms, no treatment is currently recommended. It is has also not been approved for treating men with low levels because of aging. Testosterone replacement therapy is available in several forms. All can improve testosterone levels: Skin patch (transdermal): Androderm is a skin patch worn on the arm or upper body. It's applied once a day. Gels: Andro Gel and Testim come in packets of clear testosterone gel. Testosterone is absorbed directly through the skin when you apply the gel once a day. Andro Gel, Axiron, and Fortesta also come in a pump that delivers the amount of testosterone prescribed by your doctor. Natesto is a gel applied inside the nose. Mouth patch: Striant is a tablet that sticks to the upper gums above the incisor, the tooth just to the right or left of the two front teeth. Applied twice a day, it continuously releases testosterone into the blood through the oral tissues. Injections and implants: Testosterone can also be injected directly into the muscles, or implanted as pellets in the soft tissues. Your body slowly absorbs the testosterone into the bloodstream. Why not a simple testosterone pill? Oral testosterone is available. However, some experts believe oral testosterone can have negative effects on the liver. Using other methods, such as skin patches, gels, orally disintegrating tablets, or injections, bypasses the liver and gets testosterone into the blood directly. What can you expect from testosterone treatment? It's impossible to predict, because every man is different. Many men report improvement in energy level, sex drive, and quality of erections. Testosterone also increases bone density, muscle mass, and insulin sensitivity in some men. Men also often report an improvement in mood from testosterone replacement. Whether these effects are barely noticeable, or a major boost, is highly individualized. Karen Herbst, MD, Ph D, an endocrinologist at University of California- San Diego, specializes in testosterone deficiency. She estimates about one in 10 men are "ecstatic" about their response to testosterone therapy, while about the same number "don't notice much." The majority have generally positive, but varying responses to testosterone replacement. Testosterone replacement therapy side effects most often include rash, itching, or irritation at the site where the testosterone is applied. However, there is also evidence of a possible increased risk of heart attack or stroke associated with testosterone use. Experts emphasize that the benefits and risks of long-term testosterone therapy are unknown, because large clinical trials haven't yet been done. There are a few health conditions that experts believe testosterone therapy can worsen: Benign prostatic hypertrophy ( BPH): The prostate grows naturally under the stimulation of testosterone. For many men, their prostates grow larger as they age, squeezing the tube carrying urine (urethra). The result is difficulty urinating. This condition, benign prostatic hypertrophy, can be made worse by testosterone therapy. Prostate cancer: Testosterone can stimulate prostate cancer to grow. Most experts recommend screening for prostate cancer before starting testosterone replacement. Men with prostate cancer or elevated prostate specific antigen ( PSA) should probably avoid testosterone treatment. Sleep apnea: This condition can be worsened by testosterone replacement. It may be difficult for a man to detect this himself, but his sleeping partner can often tell. A sleep study (polysomnography) may be needed to make the diagnosis. Blood clots: The FDA requires that testosterone replacement products carry a warning about the risk of blood clots in veins. This could increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism , a potentially life threatening clot that occurs in the lungs. Products already carried a warning about the risk of blood clots due to polycythemia, an abnormal rise in the number of red blood cells that sometimes occurs with testosterone treatment. Now the warning is more general to include men who don't have polycythemia. Congestive heart failure: Men with severe congestive heart failure should usually not take testosterone replacement, as it can worsen the condition. It will be years before large clinical trials bring any answers on the long-term benefits and risks of testosterone therapy. As with any medicine, the decision on whether the possible benefits outweigh any risks is up to you and your doctor. Isn't taking testosterone replacement basically the same as taking steroids, like athletes that "dope"? It's true that anabolic steroids used by some bodybuilders and athletes contain testosterone or chemicals that act like testosterone. The difference is that doses used in testosterone replacement only achieve physiologic (natural) levels of hormone in the blood. The testosterone forms some athletes use illegally are in much higher doses, and often combined ("stacked") with other substances that boost the overall muscle-building (anabolic) effect., Many men with low testosterone report improved energy levels, sex drive, and mood after testosterone treatment.If testosterone is low, why not replace it?Not so fast.A low testosterone level by itself doesn't need treatment.Testosterone replacement therapy can have side effects, and the long-term risks and benefits aren't known.Only men with symptoms of low testosterone and blood levels that confirm this as the cause of symptoms should consider testosterone replacement.Talking with your doctor is the only way to know if testosterone therapy is right for you.The symptoms of low testosterone are sometimes obvious, but they also can be subtle.Testosterone levels decline naturally in men as they age over decades.But certain conditions can also lead to an abnormally low level.Symptoms of low testosterone include: Low sex drive (libido) Erectile dysfunction Fatigue and poor energy level Decreased muscle mass Body and facial hair loss Difficulty concentrating Depression Irritability Low sense of well-being If a man has symptoms of low testosterone and tests show he has an abnormally low testosterone level, a doctor may suggest treatment.For millions of men who have low testosterone levels but no symptoms, no treatment is currently recommended.It is has also not been approved for treating men with low levels because of aging.Testosterone replacement therapy is available in several forms.All can improve testosterone levels: Skin patch (transdermal): Androderm is a skin patch worn on the arm or upper body.It's applied once a day.Gels: Andro Gel and Testim come in packets of clear testosterone gel.Testosterone is absorbed directly through the skin when you apply the gel once a day.Andro Gel, Axiron, and Fortesta also come in a pump that delivers the amount of testosterone prescribed by your doctor.Natesto is a gel applied inside the nose.Mouth patch: Striant is a tablet that sticks to the upper gums above the incisor, the tooth just to the right or left of the two front teeth.Applied twice a day, it continuously releases testosterone into the blood through the oral tissues.Injections and implants: Testosterone can also be injected directly into the muscles, or implanted as pellets in the soft tissues.Your body slowly absorbs the testosterone into the bloodstream.Why not a simple testosterone pill?Oral testosterone is available.However, some experts believe oral testosterone can have negative effects on the liver.Using other methods, such as skin patches, gels, orally disintegrating tablets, or injections, bypasses the liver and gets testosterone into the blood directly.What can you expect from testosterone treatment?It's impossible to predict, because every man is different.Many men report improvement in energy level, sex drive, and quality of erections.Testosterone also increases bone density, muscle mass, and insulin sensitivity in some men.Men also often report an improvement in mood from testosterone replacement.Whether these effects are barely noticeable, or a major boost, is highly individualized.Karen Herbst, MD, Ph D, an endocrinologist at University of California- San Diego, specializes in testosterone deficiency.She estimates about one in 10 men are "ecstatic" about their response to testosterone therapy, while about the same number "don't notice much."The majority have generally positive, but varying responses to testosterone replacement.Testosterone replacement therapy side effects most often include rash, itching, or irritation at the site where the testosterone is applied.However, there is also evidence of a possible increased risk of heart attack or stroke associated with testosterone use.Experts emphasize that the benefits and risks of long-term testosterone therapy are unknown, because large clinical trials haven't yet been done.There are a few health conditions that experts believe testosterone therapy can worsen: Benign prostatic hypertrophy ( BPH): The prostate grows naturally under the stimulation of testosterone.For many men, their prostates grow larger as they age, squeezing the tube carrying urine (urethra).The result is difficulty urinating.This condition, benign prostatic hypertrophy, can be made worse by testosterone therapy.Prostate cancer: Testosterone can stimulate prostate cancer to grow.Most experts recommend screening for prostate cancer before starting testosterone replacement.Men with prostate cancer or elevated prostate specific antigen ( PSA) should probably avoid testosterone treatment.Sleep apnea: This condition can be worsened by testosterone replacement.It may be difficult for a man to detect this himself, but his sleeping partner can often tell.A sleep study (polysomnography) may be needed to make the diagnosis.Blood clots: The FDA requires that testosterone replacement products carry a warning about the risk of blood clots in veins.This could increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism , a potentially life threatening clot that occurs in the lungs.Products already carried a warning about the risk of blood clots due to polycythemia, an abnormal rise in the number of red blood cells that sometimes occurs with testosterone treatment.Now the warning is more general to include men who don't have polycythemia.Congestive heart failure: Men with severe congestive heart failure should usually not take testosterone replacement, as it can worsen the condition.It will be years before large clinical trials bring any answers on the long-term benefits and risks of testosterone therapy.As with any medicine, the decision on whether the possible benefits outweigh any risks is up to you and your doctor.Isn't taking testosterone replacement basically the same as taking steroids, like athletes that "dope"?It's true that anabolic steroids used by some bodybuilders and athletes contain testosterone or chemicals that act like testosterone.The difference is that doses used in testosterone replacement only achieve physiologic (natural) levels of hormone in the blood.The testosterone forms some athletes use illegally are in much higher doses, and often combined ("stacked") with other substances that boost the overall muscle-building (anabolic) effect.

<human>: Is testosterone replacement therapy always a good solution to low testosterone levels? <bot>: Only men with symptoms of low testosterone and blood levels that confirm this as the cause of symptoms should consider testosterone replacement. Talking with your doctor is the only way to know if testosterone therapy is right for you. Symptoms of low testosterone include: Low sex drive (libido) Erectile dysfunction Fatigue and poor energy level Decreased muscle mass Body and facial hair loss Difficulty concentrating Depression Irritability Low sense of well-being If a man has symptoms of low testosterone and tests show he has an abnormally low testosterone level, a doctor may suggest treatment. Experts emphasize that the benefits and risks of long-term testosterone therapy are unknown, because large clinical trials haven't yet been done.,context: Many men with low testosterone report improved energy levels, sex drive, and mood after testosterone treatment. If testosterone is low, why not replace it? Not so fast. A low testosterone level by itself doesn't need treatment. Testosterone replacement therapy can have side effects, and the long-term risks and benefits aren't known. Only men with symptoms of low testosterone and blood levels that confirm this as the cause of symptoms should consider testosterone replacement. Talking with your doctor is the only way to know if testosterone therapy is right for you. The symptoms of low testosterone are sometimes obvious, but they also can be subtle. Testosterone levels decline naturally in men as they age over decades. But certain conditions can also lead to an abnormally low level. Symptoms of low testosterone include: Low sex drive (libido) Erectile dysfunction Fatigue and poor energy level Decreased muscle mass Body and facial hair loss Difficulty concentrating Depression Irritability Low sense of well-being If a man has symptoms of low testosterone and tests show he has an abnormally low testosterone level, a doctor may suggest treatment. For millions of men who have low testosterone levels but no symptoms, no treatment is currently recommended. It is has also not been approved for treating men with low levels because of aging. Testosterone replacement therapy is available in several forms. All can improve testosterone levels: Skin patch (transdermal): Androderm is a skin patch worn on the arm or upper body. It's applied once a day. Gels: Andro Gel and Testim come in packets of clear testosterone gel. Testosterone is absorbed directly through the skin when you apply the gel once a day. Andro Gel, Axiron, and Fortesta also come in a pump that delivers the amount of testosterone prescribed by your doctor. Natesto is a gel applied inside the nose. Mouth patch: Striant is a tablet that sticks to the upper gums above the incisor, the tooth just to the right or left of the two front teeth. Applied twice a day, it continuously releases testosterone into the blood through the oral tissues. Injections and implants: Testosterone can also be injected directly into the muscles, or implanted as pellets in the soft tissues. Your body slowly absorbs the testosterone into the bloodstream. Why not a simple testosterone pill? Oral testosterone is available. However, some experts believe oral testosterone can have negative effects on the liver. Using other methods, such as skin patches, gels, orally disintegrating tablets, or injections, bypasses the liver and gets testosterone into the blood directly. What can you expect from testosterone treatment? It's impossible to predict, because every man is different. Many men report improvement in energy level, sex drive, and quality of erections. Testosterone also increases bone density, muscle mass, and insulin sensitivity in some men. Men also often report an improvement in mood from testosterone replacement. Whether these effects are barely noticeable, or a major boost, is highly individualized. Karen Herbst, MD, Ph D, an endocrinologist at University of California- San Diego, specializes in testosterone deficiency. She estimates about one in 10 men are "ecstatic" about their response to testosterone therapy, while about the same number "don't notice much." The majority have generally positive, but varying responses to testosterone replacement. Testosterone replacement therapy side effects most often include rash, itching, or irritation at the site where the testosterone is applied. However, there is also evidence of a possible increased risk of heart attack or stroke associated with testosterone use. Experts emphasize that the benefits and risks of long-term testosterone therapy are unknown, because large clinical trials haven't yet been done. There are a few health conditions that experts believe testosterone therapy can worsen: Benign prostatic hypertrophy ( BPH): The prostate grows naturally under the stimulation of testosterone. For many men, their prostates grow larger as they age, squeezing the tube carrying urine (urethra). The result is difficulty urinating. This condition, benign prostatic hypertrophy, can be made worse by testosterone therapy. Prostate cancer: Testosterone can stimulate prostate cancer to grow. Most experts recommend screening for prostate cancer before starting testosterone replacement. Men with prostate cancer or elevated prostate specific antigen ( PSA) should probably avoid testosterone treatment. Sleep apnea: This condition can be worsened by testosterone replacement. It may be difficult for a man to detect this himself, but his sleeping partner can often tell. A sleep study (polysomnography) may be needed to make the diagnosis. Blood clots: The FDA requires that testosterone replacement products carry a warning about the risk of blood clots in veins. This could increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism , a potentially life threatening clot that occurs in the lungs. Products already carried a warning about the risk of blood clots due to polycythemia, an abnormal rise in the number of red blood cells that sometimes occurs with testosterone treatment. Now the warning is more general to include men who don't have polycythemia. Congestive heart failure: Men with severe congestive heart failure should usually not take testosterone replacement, as it can worsen the condition. It will be years before large clinical trials bring any answers on the long-term benefits and risks of testosterone therapy. As with any medicine, the decision on whether the possible benefits outweigh any risks is up to you and your doctor. Isn't taking testosterone replacement basically the same as taking steroids, like athletes that "dope"? It's true that anabolic steroids used by some bodybuilders and athletes contain testosterone or chemicals that act like testosterone. The difference is that doses used in testosterone replacement only achieve physiologic (natural) levels of hormone in the blood. The testosterone forms some athletes use illegally are in much higher doses, and often combined ("stacked") with other substances that boost the overall muscle-building (anabolic) effect., Many men with low testosterone report improved energy levels, sex drive, and mood after testosterone treatment.If testosterone is low, why not replace it?Not so fast.A low testosterone level by itself doesn't need treatment.Testosterone replacement therapy can have side effects, and the long-term risks and benefits aren't known.Only men with symptoms of low testosterone and blood levels that confirm this as the cause of symptoms should consider testosterone replacement.Talking with your doctor is the only way to know if testosterone therapy is right for you.The symptoms of low testosterone are sometimes obvious, but they also can be subtle.Testosterone levels decline naturally in men as they age over decades.But certain conditions can also lead to an abnormally low level.Symptoms of low testosterone include: Low sex drive (libido) Erectile dysfunction Fatigue and poor energy level Decreased muscle mass Body and facial hair loss Difficulty concentrating Depression Irritability Low sense of well-being If a man has symptoms of low testosterone and tests show he has an abnormally low testosterone level, a doctor may suggest treatment.For millions of men who have low testosterone levels but no symptoms, no treatment is currently recommended.It is has also not been approved for treating men with low levels because of aging.Testosterone replacement therapy is available in several forms.All can improve testosterone levels: Skin patch (transdermal): Androderm is a skin patch worn on the arm or upper body.It's applied once a day.Gels: Andro Gel and Testim come in packets of clear testosterone gel.Testosterone is absorbed directly through the skin when you apply the gel once a day.Andro Gel, Axiron, and Fortesta also come in a pump that delivers the amount of testosterone prescribed by your doctor.Natesto is a gel applied inside the nose.Mouth patch: Striant is a tablet that sticks to the upper gums above the incisor, the tooth just to the right or left of the two front teeth.Applied twice a day, it continuously releases testosterone into the blood through the oral tissues.Injections and implants: Testosterone can also be injected directly into the muscles, or implanted as pellets in the soft tissues.Your body slowly absorbs the testosterone into the bloodstream.Why not a simple testosterone pill?Oral testosterone is available.However, some experts believe oral testosterone can have negative effects on the liver.Using other methods, such as skin patches, gels, orally disintegrating tablets, or injections, bypasses the liver and gets testosterone into the blood directly.What can you expect from testosterone treatment?It's impossible to predict, because every man is different.Many men report improvement in energy level, sex drive, and quality of erections.Testosterone also increases bone density, muscle mass, and insulin sensitivity in some men.Men also often report an improvement in mood from testosterone replacement.Whether these effects are barely noticeable, or a major boost, is highly individualized.Karen Herbst, MD, Ph D, an endocrinologist at University of California- San Diego, specializes in testosterone deficiency.She estimates about one in 10 men are "ecstatic" about their response to testosterone therapy, while about the same number "don't notice much."The majority have generally positive, but varying responses to testosterone replacement.Testosterone replacement therapy side effects most often include rash, itching, or irritation at the site where the testosterone is applied.However, there is also evidence of a possible increased risk of heart attack or stroke associated with testosterone use.Experts emphasize that the benefits and risks of long-term testosterone therapy are unknown, because large clinical trials haven't yet been done.There are a few health conditions that experts believe testosterone therapy can worsen: Benign prostatic hypertrophy ( BPH): The prostate grows naturally under the stimulation of testosterone.For many men, their prostates grow larger as they age, squeezing the tube carrying urine (urethra).The result is difficulty urinating.This condition, benign prostatic hypertrophy, can be made worse by testosterone therapy.Prostate cancer: Testosterone can stimulate prostate cancer to grow.Most experts recommend screening for prostate cancer before starting testosterone replacement.Men with prostate cancer or elevated prostate specific antigen ( PSA) should probably avoid testosterone treatment.Sleep apnea: This condition can be worsened by testosterone replacement.It may be difficult for a man to detect this himself, but his sleeping partner can often tell.A sleep study (polysomnography) may be needed to make the diagnosis.Blood clots: The FDA requires that testosterone replacement products carry a warning about the risk of blood clots in veins.This could increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism , a potentially life threatening clot that occurs in the lungs.Products already carried a warning about the risk of blood clots due to polycythemia, an abnormal rise in the number of red blood cells that sometimes occurs with testosterone treatment.Now the warning is more general to include men who don't have polycythemia.Congestive heart failure: Men with severe congestive heart failure should usually not take testosterone replacement, as it can worsen the condition.It will be years before large clinical trials bring any answers on the long-term benefits and risks of testosterone therapy.As with any medicine, the decision on whether the possible benefits outweigh any risks is up to you and your doctor.Isn't taking testosterone replacement basically the same as taking steroids, like athletes that "dope"?It's true that anabolic steroids used by some bodybuilders and athletes contain testosterone or chemicals that act like testosterone.The difference is that doses used in testosterone replacement only achieve physiologic (natural) levels of hormone in the blood.The testosterone forms some athletes use illegally are in much higher doses, and often combined ("stacked") with other substances that boost the overall muscle-building (anabolic) effect.

<human>: What is the psychological cost of psoriasis? <bot>: But it affects a lot more than your skin. “ That can be difficult to deal with at times. And psoriasis is chronic, so it's an everyday part of your life. That may take a toll on your mood, your self-confidence, and even your relationships.” One study found that people with psoriasis have higher chances for depression and anxiety. And a third of adults with the condition say it interferes with their love life. Trouble is, stress can trigger psoriasis flares and pain. You might feel like you're stuck in a vicious cycle. Those steps can help you feel healthy and in control -- and ease your psoriasis symptoms, too.,context:Most people think of psoriasis as a skin condition. But it affects a lot more than your skin. “ Unlike a health problem like diabetes, psoriasis is often visible to other people,” says Edidiong Kaminska, MD, a dermatologist at Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago. “ That can be difficult to deal with at times. And psoriasis is chronic, so it's an everyday part of your life. That may take a toll on your mood, your self-confidence, and even your relationships.” One study found that people with psoriasis have higher chances for depression and anxiety. And a third of adults with the condition say it interferes with their love life. But treatment and some small changes to your daily habits can help you stay happy and healthy, Kaminska says. When you take care of yourself mentally and emotionally, you'll be more likely to feel in control of your psoriasis. Psoriasis patches can crop up with little warning. When they do, they may feel itchy, tight, and painful. “ That can be stressful, even if you've been living with the disease for years,” Kaminska says. Trouble is, stress can trigger psoriasis flares and pain. You might feel like you're stuck in a vicious cycle. That's exactly why it's crucial to make stress relief a part of your everyday routine. How? “ Exercise at least three times a week,” says Charles E. Crutchfield III, MD, medical director of Crutchfield Dermatology in Eagan, MN. As it boosts your mood, exercise also lowers inflammation and helps to keep your weight in check, which can ease your symptoms. Deep breathing, meditation, or time spent on something you enjoy, like chatting with a friend, also can tame tension and raise levels of feel-good brain chemicals called endorphins. If you can't seem to shake the blues or a bad self-image, consider seeing a social worker or psychologist. Cognitive behavioral therapy, which is a form of talk therapy focused on watching for negative thought patterns to change your feelings and behavior, can be especially helpful. Your doctor should be able to recommend a therapist. If you're feeling lousy, touching another person or talking about your psoriasis may be the last thing you feel like doing. But research shows that people with psoriasis who get social support feel better day to day and are less likely to have depression. Let your friends and family know how psoriasis affects you emotionally. “ They may not ‘get it' until you open up to them. But when you do, they'll want to support you,” Kaminska says. You may be all too used to second glances and unkind remarks about your skin from others. People who don't understand what the disease is may worry that it's contagious or a symptom of another health problem. Have a fast, fact-based statement ready, says Carolyn Jacob, MD, who has psoriasis and serves as director of Chicago Cosmetic Surgery and Dermatology in Illinois. “ I tell people who make comments, ‘ I have psoriasis, which is a genetic condition. You can't catch it. '” A long-term disease like psoriasis can make you feel like you're not in control. Others might have told you that you have to “learn to live with it.” That's not true, says Crutchfield, who has psoriasis himself. “ We have so many great treatment options available now. It's entirely possible to reach a point where your skin is clear and you're feeling good.” When that happens for Crutchfield's patients, “ Their moods improve,” he says. “ They feel better about themselves and about life in general because their pain and irritation has let up.” Don't stop at medication, though. Eat a healthful diet, lose weight if you're overweight, and stay active. Those steps can help you feel healthy and in control -- and ease your psoriasis symptoms, too.,Most people think of psoriasis as a skin condition.But it affects a lot more than your skin.“ Unlike a health problem like diabetes, psoriasis is often visible to other people,” says Edidiong Kaminska, MD, a dermatologist at Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago.“ That can be difficult to deal with at times.And psoriasis is chronic, so it's an everyday part of your life.That may take a toll on your mood, your self-confidence, and even your relationships.” One study found that people with psoriasis have higher chances for depression and anxiety.And a third of adults with the condition say it interferes with their love life.But treatment and some small changes to your daily habits can help you stay happy and healthy, Kaminska says.When you take care of yourself mentally and emotionally, you'll be more likely to feel in control of your psoriasis.Psoriasis patches can crop up with little warning.When they do, they may feel itchy, tight, and painful.“ That can be stressful, even if you've been living with the disease for years,” Kaminska says.Trouble is, stress can trigger psoriasis flares and pain.You might feel like you're stuck in a vicious cycle.That's exactly why it's crucial to make stress relief a part of your everyday routine.How?“ Exercise at least three times a week,” says Charles E. Crutchfield III, MD, medical director of Crutchfield Dermatology in Eagan, MN.As it boosts your mood, exercise also lowers inflammation and helps to keep your weight in check, which can ease your symptoms.Deep breathing, meditation, or time spent on something you enjoy, like chatting with a friend, also can tame tension and raise levels of feel-good brain chemicals called endorphins.If you can't seem to shake the blues or a bad self-image, consider seeing a social worker or psychologist.Cognitive behavioral therapy, which is a form of talk therapy focused on watching for negative thought patterns to change your feelings and behavior, can be especially helpful.Your doctor should be able to recommend a therapist.If you're feeling lousy, touching another person or talking about your psoriasis may be the last thing you feel like doing.But research shows that people with psoriasis who get social support feel better day to day and are less likely to have depression.Let your friends and family know how psoriasis affects you emotionally.“ They may not ‘get it' until you open up to them.But when you do, they'll want to support you,” Kaminska says.You may be all too used to second glances and unkind remarks about your skin from others.People who don't understand what the disease is may worry that it's contagious or a symptom of another health problem.Have a fast, fact-based statement ready, says Carolyn Jacob, MD, who has psoriasis and serves as director of Chicago Cosmetic Surgery and Dermatology in Illinois.“ I tell people who make comments, ‘ I have psoriasis, which is a genetic condition.You can't catch it.'” A long-term disease like psoriasis can make you feel like you're not in control.Others might have told you that you have to “learn to live with it.” That's not true, says Crutchfield, who has psoriasis himself.“ We have so many great treatment options available now.It's entirely possible to reach a point where your skin is clear and you're feeling good.” When that happens for Crutchfield's patients, “ Their moods improve,” he says.“ They feel better about themselves and about life in general because their pain and irritation has let up.” Don't stop at medication, though.Eat a healthful diet, lose weight if you're overweight, and stay active.Those steps can help you feel healthy and in control -- and ease your psoriasis symptoms, too.

<human>: What are the emotional effects of psoriasis? <bot>: And psoriasis is chronic, so it's an everyday part of your life. Let your friends and family know how psoriasis affects you emotionally. “ They may not ‘get it' until you open up to them. '” A long-term disease like psoriasis can make you feel like you're not in control.,context:Most people think of psoriasis as a skin condition. But it affects a lot more than your skin. “ Unlike a health problem like diabetes, psoriasis is often visible to other people,” says Edidiong Kaminska, MD, a dermatologist at Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago. “ That can be difficult to deal with at times. And psoriasis is chronic, so it's an everyday part of your life. That may take a toll on your mood, your self-confidence, and even your relationships.” One study found that people with psoriasis have higher chances for depression and anxiety. And a third of adults with the condition say it interferes with their love life. But treatment and some small changes to your daily habits can help you stay happy and healthy, Kaminska says. When you take care of yourself mentally and emotionally, you'll be more likely to feel in control of your psoriasis. Psoriasis patches can crop up with little warning. When they do, they may feel itchy, tight, and painful. “ That can be stressful, even if you've been living with the disease for years,” Kaminska says. Trouble is, stress can trigger psoriasis flares and pain. You might feel like you're stuck in a vicious cycle. That's exactly why it's crucial to make stress relief a part of your everyday routine. How? “ Exercise at least three times a week,” says Charles E. Crutchfield III, MD, medical director of Crutchfield Dermatology in Eagan, MN. As it boosts your mood, exercise also lowers inflammation and helps to keep your weight in check, which can ease your symptoms. Deep breathing, meditation, or time spent on something you enjoy, like chatting with a friend, also can tame tension and raise levels of feel-good brain chemicals called endorphins. If you can't seem to shake the blues or a bad self-image, consider seeing a social worker or psychologist. Cognitive behavioral therapy, which is a form of talk therapy focused on watching for negative thought patterns to change your feelings and behavior, can be especially helpful. Your doctor should be able to recommend a therapist. If you're feeling lousy, touching another person or talking about your psoriasis may be the last thing you feel like doing. But research shows that people with psoriasis who get social support feel better day to day and are less likely to have depression. Let your friends and family know how psoriasis affects you emotionally. “ They may not ‘get it' until you open up to them. But when you do, they'll want to support you,” Kaminska says. You may be all too used to second glances and unkind remarks about your skin from others. People who don't understand what the disease is may worry that it's contagious or a symptom of another health problem. Have a fast, fact-based statement ready, says Carolyn Jacob, MD, who has psoriasis and serves as director of Chicago Cosmetic Surgery and Dermatology in Illinois. “ I tell people who make comments, ‘ I have psoriasis, which is a genetic condition. You can't catch it. '” A long-term disease like psoriasis can make you feel like you're not in control. Others might have told you that you have to “learn to live with it.” That's not true, says Crutchfield, who has psoriasis himself. “ We have so many great treatment options available now. It's entirely possible to reach a point where your skin is clear and you're feeling good.” When that happens for Crutchfield's patients, “ Their moods improve,” he says. “ They feel better about themselves and about life in general because their pain and irritation has let up.” Don't stop at medication, though. Eat a healthful diet, lose weight if you're overweight, and stay active. Those steps can help you feel healthy and in control -- and ease your psoriasis symptoms, too.,Most people think of psoriasis as a skin condition.But it affects a lot more than your skin.“ Unlike a health problem like diabetes, psoriasis is often visible to other people,” says Edidiong Kaminska, MD, a dermatologist at Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago.“ That can be difficult to deal with at times.And psoriasis is chronic, so it's an everyday part of your life.That may take a toll on your mood, your self-confidence, and even your relationships.” One study found that people with psoriasis have higher chances for depression and anxiety.And a third of adults with the condition say it interferes with their love life.But treatment and some small changes to your daily habits can help you stay happy and healthy, Kaminska says.When you take care of yourself mentally and emotionally, you'll be more likely to feel in control of your psoriasis.Psoriasis patches can crop up with little warning.When they do, they may feel itchy, tight, and painful.“ That can be stressful, even if you've been living with the disease for years,” Kaminska says.Trouble is, stress can trigger psoriasis flares and pain.You might feel like you're stuck in a vicious cycle.That's exactly why it's crucial to make stress relief a part of your everyday routine.How?“ Exercise at least three times a week,” says Charles E. Crutchfield III, MD, medical director of Crutchfield Dermatology in Eagan, MN.As it boosts your mood, exercise also lowers inflammation and helps to keep your weight in check, which can ease your symptoms.Deep breathing, meditation, or time spent on something you enjoy, like chatting with a friend, also can tame tension and raise levels of feel-good brain chemicals called endorphins.If you can't seem to shake the blues or a bad self-image, consider seeing a social worker or psychologist.Cognitive behavioral therapy, which is a form of talk therapy focused on watching for negative thought patterns to change your feelings and behavior, can be especially helpful.Your doctor should be able to recommend a therapist.If you're feeling lousy, touching another person or talking about your psoriasis may be the last thing you feel like doing.But research shows that people with psoriasis who get social support feel better day to day and are less likely to have depression.Let your friends and family know how psoriasis affects you emotionally.“ They may not ‘get it' until you open up to them.But when you do, they'll want to support you,” Kaminska says.You may be all too used to second glances and unkind remarks about your skin from others.People who don't understand what the disease is may worry that it's contagious or a symptom of another health problem.Have a fast, fact-based statement ready, says Carolyn Jacob, MD, who has psoriasis and serves as director of Chicago Cosmetic Surgery and Dermatology in Illinois.“ I tell people who make comments, ‘ I have psoriasis, which is a genetic condition.You can't catch it.'” A long-term disease like psoriasis can make you feel like you're not in control.Others might have told you that you have to “learn to live with it.” That's not true, says Crutchfield, who has psoriasis himself.“ We have so many great treatment options available now.It's entirely possible to reach a point where your skin is clear and you're feeling good.” When that happens for Crutchfield's patients, “ Their moods improve,” he says.“ They feel better about themselves and about life in general because their pain and irritation has let up.” Don't stop at medication, though.Eat a healthful diet, lose weight if you're overweight, and stay active.Those steps can help you feel healthy and in control -- and ease your psoriasis symptoms, too.

<human>: What is the emotional toll of psoriasis? <bot>: And psoriasis is chronic, so it's an everyday part of your life. When you take care of yourself mentally and emotionally, you'll be more likely to feel in control of your psoriasis. When they do, they may feel itchy, tight, and painful. “ They may not ‘get it' until you open up to them. You can't catch it. '” A long-term disease like psoriasis can make you feel like you're not in control.,context:Most people think of psoriasis as a skin condition. But it affects a lot more than your skin. “ Unlike a health problem like diabetes, psoriasis is often visible to other people,” says Edidiong Kaminska, MD, a dermatologist at Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago. “ That can be difficult to deal with at times. And psoriasis is chronic, so it's an everyday part of your life. That may take a toll on your mood, your self-confidence, and even your relationships.” One study found that people with psoriasis have higher chances for depression and anxiety. And a third of adults with the condition say it interferes with their love life. But treatment and some small changes to your daily habits can help you stay happy and healthy, Kaminska says. When you take care of yourself mentally and emotionally, you'll be more likely to feel in control of your psoriasis. Psoriasis patches can crop up with little warning. When they do, they may feel itchy, tight, and painful. “ That can be stressful, even if you've been living with the disease for years,” Kaminska says. Trouble is, stress can trigger psoriasis flares and pain. You might feel like you're stuck in a vicious cycle. That's exactly why it's crucial to make stress relief a part of your everyday routine. How? “ Exercise at least three times a week,” says Charles E. Crutchfield III, MD, medical director of Crutchfield Dermatology in Eagan, MN. As it boosts your mood, exercise also lowers inflammation and helps to keep your weight in check, which can ease your symptoms. Deep breathing, meditation, or time spent on something you enjoy, like chatting with a friend, also can tame tension and raise levels of feel-good brain chemicals called endorphins. If you can't seem to shake the blues or a bad self-image, consider seeing a social worker or psychologist. Cognitive behavioral therapy, which is a form of talk therapy focused on watching for negative thought patterns to change your feelings and behavior, can be especially helpful. Your doctor should be able to recommend a therapist. If you're feeling lousy, touching another person or talking about your psoriasis may be the last thing you feel like doing. But research shows that people with psoriasis who get social support feel better day to day and are less likely to have depression. Let your friends and family know how psoriasis affects you emotionally. “ They may not ‘get it' until you open up to them. But when you do, they'll want to support you,” Kaminska says. You may be all too used to second glances and unkind remarks about your skin from others. People who don't understand what the disease is may worry that it's contagious or a symptom of another health problem. Have a fast, fact-based statement ready, says Carolyn Jacob, MD, who has psoriasis and serves as director of Chicago Cosmetic Surgery and Dermatology in Illinois. “ I tell people who make comments, ‘ I have psoriasis, which is a genetic condition. You can't catch it. '” A long-term disease like psoriasis can make you feel like you're not in control. Others might have told you that you have to “learn to live with it.” That's not true, says Crutchfield, who has psoriasis himself. “ We have so many great treatment options available now. It's entirely possible to reach a point where your skin is clear and you're feeling good.” When that happens for Crutchfield's patients, “ Their moods improve,” he says. “ They feel better about themselves and about life in general because their pain and irritation has let up.” Don't stop at medication, though. Eat a healthful diet, lose weight if you're overweight, and stay active. Those steps can help you feel healthy and in control -- and ease your psoriasis symptoms, too.,Most people think of psoriasis as a skin condition.But it affects a lot more than your skin.“ Unlike a health problem like diabetes, psoriasis is often visible to other people,” says Edidiong Kaminska, MD, a dermatologist at Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago.“ That can be difficult to deal with at times.And psoriasis is chronic, so it's an everyday part of your life.That may take a toll on your mood, your self-confidence, and even your relationships.” One study found that people with psoriasis have higher chances for depression and anxiety.And a third of adults with the condition say it interferes with their love life.But treatment and some small changes to your daily habits can help you stay happy and healthy, Kaminska says.When you take care of yourself mentally and emotionally, you'll be more likely to feel in control of your psoriasis.Psoriasis patches can crop up with little warning.When they do, they may feel itchy, tight, and painful.“ That can be stressful, even if you've been living with the disease for years,” Kaminska says.Trouble is, stress can trigger psoriasis flares and pain.You might feel like you're stuck in a vicious cycle.That's exactly why it's crucial to make stress relief a part of your everyday routine.How?“ Exercise at least three times a week,” says Charles E. Crutchfield III, MD, medical director of Crutchfield Dermatology in Eagan, MN.As it boosts your mood, exercise also lowers inflammation and helps to keep your weight in check, which can ease your symptoms.Deep breathing, meditation, or time spent on something you enjoy, like chatting with a friend, also can tame tension and raise levels of feel-good brain chemicals called endorphins.If you can't seem to shake the blues or a bad self-image, consider seeing a social worker or psychologist.Cognitive behavioral therapy, which is a form of talk therapy focused on watching for negative thought patterns to change your feelings and behavior, can be especially helpful.Your doctor should be able to recommend a therapist.If you're feeling lousy, touching another person or talking about your psoriasis may be the last thing you feel like doing.But research shows that people with psoriasis who get social support feel better day to day and are less likely to have depression.Let your friends and family know how psoriasis affects you emotionally.“ They may not ‘get it' until you open up to them.But when you do, they'll want to support you,” Kaminska says.You may be all too used to second glances and unkind remarks about your skin from others.People who don't understand what the disease is may worry that it's contagious or a symptom of another health problem.Have a fast, fact-based statement ready, says Carolyn Jacob, MD, who has psoriasis and serves as director of Chicago Cosmetic Surgery and Dermatology in Illinois.“ I tell people who make comments, ‘ I have psoriasis, which is a genetic condition.You can't catch it.'” A long-term disease like psoriasis can make you feel like you're not in control.Others might have told you that you have to “learn to live with it.” That's not true, says Crutchfield, who has psoriasis himself.“ We have so many great treatment options available now.It's entirely possible to reach a point where your skin is clear and you're feeling good.” When that happens for Crutchfield's patients, “ Their moods improve,” he says.“ They feel better about themselves and about life in general because their pain and irritation has let up.” Don't stop at medication, though.Eat a healthful diet, lose weight if you're overweight, and stay active.Those steps can help you feel healthy and in control -- and ease your psoriasis symptoms, too.

<human>: What are the pyschological side effects of psoriasis? <bot>: “ That can be difficult to deal with at times. That may take a toll on your mood, your self-confidence, and even your relationships.” One study found that people with psoriasis have higher chances for depression and anxiety. Trouble is, stress can trigger psoriasis flares and pain. You might feel like you're stuck in a vicious cycle. Let your friends and family know how psoriasis affects you emotionally. Those steps can help you feel healthy and in control -- and ease your psoriasis symptoms, too.,context:Most people think of psoriasis as a skin condition. But it affects a lot more than your skin. “ Unlike a health problem like diabetes, psoriasis is often visible to other people,” says Edidiong Kaminska, MD, a dermatologist at Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago. “ That can be difficult to deal with at times. And psoriasis is chronic, so it's an everyday part of your life. That may take a toll on your mood, your self-confidence, and even your relationships.” One study found that people with psoriasis have higher chances for depression and anxiety. And a third of adults with the condition say it interferes with their love life. But treatment and some small changes to your daily habits can help you stay happy and healthy, Kaminska says. When you take care of yourself mentally and emotionally, you'll be more likely to feel in control of your psoriasis. Psoriasis patches can crop up with little warning. When they do, they may feel itchy, tight, and painful. “ That can be stressful, even if you've been living with the disease for years,” Kaminska says. Trouble is, stress can trigger psoriasis flares and pain. You might feel like you're stuck in a vicious cycle. That's exactly why it's crucial to make stress relief a part of your everyday routine. How? “ Exercise at least three times a week,” says Charles E. Crutchfield III, MD, medical director of Crutchfield Dermatology in Eagan, MN. As it boosts your mood, exercise also lowers inflammation and helps to keep your weight in check, which can ease your symptoms. Deep breathing, meditation, or time spent on something you enjoy, like chatting with a friend, also can tame tension and raise levels of feel-good brain chemicals called endorphins. If you can't seem to shake the blues or a bad self-image, consider seeing a social worker or psychologist. Cognitive behavioral therapy, which is a form of talk therapy focused on watching for negative thought patterns to change your feelings and behavior, can be especially helpful. Your doctor should be able to recommend a therapist. If you're feeling lousy, touching another person or talking about your psoriasis may be the last thing you feel like doing. But research shows that people with psoriasis who get social support feel better day to day and are less likely to have depression. Let your friends and family know how psoriasis affects you emotionally. “ They may not ‘get it' until you open up to them. But when you do, they'll want to support you,” Kaminska says. You may be all too used to second glances and unkind remarks about your skin from others. People who don't understand what the disease is may worry that it's contagious or a symptom of another health problem. Have a fast, fact-based statement ready, says Carolyn Jacob, MD, who has psoriasis and serves as director of Chicago Cosmetic Surgery and Dermatology in Illinois. “ I tell people who make comments, ‘ I have psoriasis, which is a genetic condition. You can't catch it. '” A long-term disease like psoriasis can make you feel like you're not in control. Others might have told you that you have to “learn to live with it.” That's not true, says Crutchfield, who has psoriasis himself. “ We have so many great treatment options available now. It's entirely possible to reach a point where your skin is clear and you're feeling good.” When that happens for Crutchfield's patients, “ Their moods improve,” he says. “ They feel better about themselves and about life in general because their pain and irritation has let up.” Don't stop at medication, though. Eat a healthful diet, lose weight if you're overweight, and stay active. Those steps can help you feel healthy and in control -- and ease your psoriasis symptoms, too.,Most people think of psoriasis as a skin condition.But it affects a lot more than your skin.“ Unlike a health problem like diabetes, psoriasis is often visible to other people,” says Edidiong Kaminska, MD, a dermatologist at Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago.“ That can be difficult to deal with at times.And psoriasis is chronic, so it's an everyday part of your life.That may take a toll on your mood, your self-confidence, and even your relationships.” One study found that people with psoriasis have higher chances for depression and anxiety.And a third of adults with the condition say it interferes with their love life.But treatment and some small changes to your daily habits can help you stay happy and healthy, Kaminska says.When you take care of yourself mentally and emotionally, you'll be more likely to feel in control of your psoriasis.Psoriasis patches can crop up with little warning.When they do, they may feel itchy, tight, and painful.“ That can be stressful, even if you've been living with the disease for years,” Kaminska says.Trouble is, stress can trigger psoriasis flares and pain.You might feel like you're stuck in a vicious cycle.That's exactly why it's crucial to make stress relief a part of your everyday routine.How?“ Exercise at least three times a week,” says Charles E. Crutchfield III, MD, medical director of Crutchfield Dermatology in Eagan, MN.As it boosts your mood, exercise also lowers inflammation and helps to keep your weight in check, which can ease your symptoms.Deep breathing, meditation, or time spent on something you enjoy, like chatting with a friend, also can tame tension and raise levels of feel-good brain chemicals called endorphins.If you can't seem to shake the blues or a bad self-image, consider seeing a social worker or psychologist.Cognitive behavioral therapy, which is a form of talk therapy focused on watching for negative thought patterns to change your feelings and behavior, can be especially helpful.Your doctor should be able to recommend a therapist.If you're feeling lousy, touching another person or talking about your psoriasis may be the last thing you feel like doing.But research shows that people with psoriasis who get social support feel better day to day and are less likely to have depression.Let your friends and family know how psoriasis affects you emotionally.“ They may not ‘get it' until you open up to them.But when you do, they'll want to support you,” Kaminska says.You may be all too used to second glances and unkind remarks about your skin from others.People who don't understand what the disease is may worry that it's contagious or a symptom of another health problem.Have a fast, fact-based statement ready, says Carolyn Jacob, MD, who has psoriasis and serves as director of Chicago Cosmetic Surgery and Dermatology in Illinois.“ I tell people who make comments, ‘ I have psoriasis, which is a genetic condition.You can't catch it.'” A long-term disease like psoriasis can make you feel like you're not in control.Others might have told you that you have to “learn to live with it.” That's not true, says Crutchfield, who has psoriasis himself.“ We have so many great treatment options available now.It's entirely possible to reach a point where your skin is clear and you're feeling good.” When that happens for Crutchfield's patients, “ Their moods improve,” he says.“ They feel better about themselves and about life in general because their pain and irritation has let up.” Don't stop at medication, though.Eat a healthful diet, lose weight if you're overweight, and stay active.Those steps can help you feel healthy and in control -- and ease your psoriasis symptoms, too.

<human>: How can I handle other people's reactions to my psoriasis? <bot>: Let your friends and family know how psoriasis affects you emotionally. You can't catch it. Others might have told you that you have to “learn to live with it.” That's not true, says Crutchfield, who has psoriasis himself.,context:Most people think of psoriasis as a skin condition. But it affects a lot more than your skin. “ Unlike a health problem like diabetes, psoriasis is often visible to other people,” says Edidiong Kaminska, MD, a dermatologist at Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago. “ That can be difficult to deal with at times. And psoriasis is chronic, so it's an everyday part of your life. That may take a toll on your mood, your self-confidence, and even your relationships.” One study found that people with psoriasis have higher chances for depression and anxiety. And a third of adults with the condition say it interferes with their love life. But treatment and some small changes to your daily habits can help you stay happy and healthy, Kaminska says. When you take care of yourself mentally and emotionally, you'll be more likely to feel in control of your psoriasis. Psoriasis patches can crop up with little warning. When they do, they may feel itchy, tight, and painful. “ That can be stressful, even if you've been living with the disease for years,” Kaminska says. Trouble is, stress can trigger psoriasis flares and pain. You might feel like you're stuck in a vicious cycle. That's exactly why it's crucial to make stress relief a part of your everyday routine. How? “ Exercise at least three times a week,” says Charles E. Crutchfield III, MD, medical director of Crutchfield Dermatology in Eagan, MN. As it boosts your mood, exercise also lowers inflammation and helps to keep your weight in check, which can ease your symptoms. Deep breathing, meditation, or time spent on something you enjoy, like chatting with a friend, also can tame tension and raise levels of feel-good brain chemicals called endorphins. If you can't seem to shake the blues or a bad self-image, consider seeing a social worker or psychologist. Cognitive behavioral therapy, which is a form of talk therapy focused on watching for negative thought patterns to change your feelings and behavior, can be especially helpful. Your doctor should be able to recommend a therapist. If you're feeling lousy, touching another person or talking about your psoriasis may be the last thing you feel like doing. But research shows that people with psoriasis who get social support feel better day to day and are less likely to have depression. Let your friends and family know how psoriasis affects you emotionally. “ They may not ‘get it' until you open up to them. But when you do, they'll want to support you,” Kaminska says. You may be all too used to second glances and unkind remarks about your skin from others. People who don't understand what the disease is may worry that it's contagious or a symptom of another health problem. Have a fast, fact-based statement ready, says Carolyn Jacob, MD, who has psoriasis and serves as director of Chicago Cosmetic Surgery and Dermatology in Illinois. “ I tell people who make comments, ‘ I have psoriasis, which is a genetic condition. You can't catch it. '” A long-term disease like psoriasis can make you feel like you're not in control. Others might have told you that you have to “learn to live with it.” That's not true, says Crutchfield, who has psoriasis himself. “ We have so many great treatment options available now. It's entirely possible to reach a point where your skin is clear and you're feeling good.” When that happens for Crutchfield's patients, “ Their moods improve,” he says. “ They feel better about themselves and about life in general because their pain and irritation has let up.” Don't stop at medication, though. Eat a healthful diet, lose weight if you're overweight, and stay active. Those steps can help you feel healthy and in control -- and ease your psoriasis symptoms, too.,Most people think of psoriasis as a skin condition.But it affects a lot more than your skin.“ Unlike a health problem like diabetes, psoriasis is often visible to other people,” says Edidiong Kaminska, MD, a dermatologist at Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago.“ That can be difficult to deal with at times.And psoriasis is chronic, so it's an everyday part of your life.That may take a toll on your mood, your self-confidence, and even your relationships.” One study found that people with psoriasis have higher chances for depression and anxiety.And a third of adults with the condition say it interferes with their love life.But treatment and some small changes to your daily habits can help you stay happy and healthy, Kaminska says.When you take care of yourself mentally and emotionally, you'll be more likely to feel in control of your psoriasis.Psoriasis patches can crop up with little warning.When they do, they may feel itchy, tight, and painful.“ That can be stressful, even if you've been living with the disease for years,” Kaminska says.Trouble is, stress can trigger psoriasis flares and pain.You might feel like you're stuck in a vicious cycle.That's exactly why it's crucial to make stress relief a part of your everyday routine.How?“ Exercise at least three times a week,” says Charles E. Crutchfield III, MD, medical director of Crutchfield Dermatology in Eagan, MN.As it boosts your mood, exercise also lowers inflammation and helps to keep your weight in check, which can ease your symptoms.Deep breathing, meditation, or time spent on something you enjoy, like chatting with a friend, also can tame tension and raise levels of feel-good brain chemicals called endorphins.If you can't seem to shake the blues or a bad self-image, consider seeing a social worker or psychologist.Cognitive behavioral therapy, which is a form of talk therapy focused on watching for negative thought patterns to change your feelings and behavior, can be especially helpful.Your doctor should be able to recommend a therapist.If you're feeling lousy, touching another person or talking about your psoriasis may be the last thing you feel like doing.But research shows that people with psoriasis who get social support feel better day to day and are less likely to have depression.Let your friends and family know how psoriasis affects you emotionally.“ They may not ‘get it' until you open up to them.But when you do, they'll want to support you,” Kaminska says.You may be all too used to second glances and unkind remarks about your skin from others.People who don't understand what the disease is may worry that it's contagious or a symptom of another health problem.Have a fast, fact-based statement ready, says Carolyn Jacob, MD, who has psoriasis and serves as director of Chicago Cosmetic Surgery and Dermatology in Illinois.“ I tell people who make comments, ‘ I have psoriasis, which is a genetic condition.You can't catch it.'” A long-term disease like psoriasis can make you feel like you're not in control.Others might have told you that you have to “learn to live with it.” That's not true, says Crutchfield, who has psoriasis himself.“ We have so many great treatment options available now.It's entirely possible to reach a point where your skin is clear and you're feeling good.” When that happens for Crutchfield's patients, “ Their moods improve,” he says.“ They feel better about themselves and about life in general because their pain and irritation has let up.” Don't stop at medication, though.Eat a healthful diet, lose weight if you're overweight, and stay active.Those steps can help you feel healthy and in control -- and ease your psoriasis symptoms, too.

<human>: Should I keep going to the doctor if I have psoriasis? <bot>: But treatment and some small changes to your daily habits can help you stay happy and healthy, Kaminska says. Your doctor should be able to recommend a therapist. But when you do, they'll want to support you,” Kaminska says. Others might have told you that you have to “learn to live with it.” That's not true, says Crutchfield, who has psoriasis himself.,context:Most people think of psoriasis as a skin condition. But it affects a lot more than your skin. “ Unlike a health problem like diabetes, psoriasis is often visible to other people,” says Edidiong Kaminska, MD, a dermatologist at Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago. “ That can be difficult to deal with at times. And psoriasis is chronic, so it's an everyday part of your life. That may take a toll on your mood, your self-confidence, and even your relationships.” One study found that people with psoriasis have higher chances for depression and anxiety. And a third of adults with the condition say it interferes with their love life. But treatment and some small changes to your daily habits can help you stay happy and healthy, Kaminska says. When you take care of yourself mentally and emotionally, you'll be more likely to feel in control of your psoriasis. Psoriasis patches can crop up with little warning. When they do, they may feel itchy, tight, and painful. “ That can be stressful, even if you've been living with the disease for years,” Kaminska says. Trouble is, stress can trigger psoriasis flares and pain. You might feel like you're stuck in a vicious cycle. That's exactly why it's crucial to make stress relief a part of your everyday routine. How? “ Exercise at least three times a week,” says Charles E. Crutchfield III, MD, medical director of Crutchfield Dermatology in Eagan, MN. As it boosts your mood, exercise also lowers inflammation and helps to keep your weight in check, which can ease your symptoms. Deep breathing, meditation, or time spent on something you enjoy, like chatting with a friend, also can tame tension and raise levels of feel-good brain chemicals called endorphins. If you can't seem to shake the blues or a bad self-image, consider seeing a social worker or psychologist. Cognitive behavioral therapy, which is a form of talk therapy focused on watching for negative thought patterns to change your feelings and behavior, can be especially helpful. Your doctor should be able to recommend a therapist. If you're feeling lousy, touching another person or talking about your psoriasis may be the last thing you feel like doing. But research shows that people with psoriasis who get social support feel better day to day and are less likely to have depression. Let your friends and family know how psoriasis affects you emotionally. “ They may not ‘get it' until you open up to them. But when you do, they'll want to support you,” Kaminska says. You may be all too used to second glances and unkind remarks about your skin from others. People who don't understand what the disease is may worry that it's contagious or a symptom of another health problem. Have a fast, fact-based statement ready, says Carolyn Jacob, MD, who has psoriasis and serves as director of Chicago Cosmetic Surgery and Dermatology in Illinois. “ I tell people who make comments, ‘ I have psoriasis, which is a genetic condition. You can't catch it. '” A long-term disease like psoriasis can make you feel like you're not in control. Others might have told you that you have to “learn to live with it.” That's not true, says Crutchfield, who has psoriasis himself. “ We have so many great treatment options available now. It's entirely possible to reach a point where your skin is clear and you're feeling good.” When that happens for Crutchfield's patients, “ Their moods improve,” he says. “ They feel better about themselves and about life in general because their pain and irritation has let up.” Don't stop at medication, though. Eat a healthful diet, lose weight if you're overweight, and stay active. Those steps can help you feel healthy and in control -- and ease your psoriasis symptoms, too.,Most people think of psoriasis as a skin condition.But it affects a lot more than your skin.“ Unlike a health problem like diabetes, psoriasis is often visible to other people,” says Edidiong Kaminska, MD, a dermatologist at Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago.“ That can be difficult to deal with at times.And psoriasis is chronic, so it's an everyday part of your life.That may take a toll on your mood, your self-confidence, and even your relationships.” One study found that people with psoriasis have higher chances for depression and anxiety.And a third of adults with the condition say it interferes with their love life.But treatment and some small changes to your daily habits can help you stay happy and healthy, Kaminska says.When you take care of yourself mentally and emotionally, you'll be more likely to feel in control of your psoriasis.Psoriasis patches can crop up with little warning.When they do, they may feel itchy, tight, and painful.“ That can be stressful, even if you've been living with the disease for years,” Kaminska says.Trouble is, stress can trigger psoriasis flares and pain.You might feel like you're stuck in a vicious cycle.That's exactly why it's crucial to make stress relief a part of your everyday routine.How?“ Exercise at least three times a week,” says Charles E. Crutchfield III, MD, medical director of Crutchfield Dermatology in Eagan, MN.As it boosts your mood, exercise also lowers inflammation and helps to keep your weight in check, which can ease your symptoms.Deep breathing, meditation, or time spent on something you enjoy, like chatting with a friend, also can tame tension and raise levels of feel-good brain chemicals called endorphins.If you can't seem to shake the blues or a bad self-image, consider seeing a social worker or psychologist.Cognitive behavioral therapy, which is a form of talk therapy focused on watching for negative thought patterns to change your feelings and behavior, can be especially helpful.Your doctor should be able to recommend a therapist.If you're feeling lousy, touching another person or talking about your psoriasis may be the last thing you feel like doing.But research shows that people with psoriasis who get social support feel better day to day and are less likely to have depression.Let your friends and family know how psoriasis affects you emotionally.“ They may not ‘get it' until you open up to them.But when you do, they'll want to support you,” Kaminska says.You may be all too used to second glances and unkind remarks about your skin from others.People who don't understand what the disease is may worry that it's contagious or a symptom of another health problem.Have a fast, fact-based statement ready, says Carolyn Jacob, MD, who has psoriasis and serves as director of Chicago Cosmetic Surgery and Dermatology in Illinois.“ I tell people who make comments, ‘ I have psoriasis, which is a genetic condition.You can't catch it.'” A long-term disease like psoriasis can make you feel like you're not in control.Others might have told you that you have to “learn to live with it.” That's not true, says Crutchfield, who has psoriasis himself.“ We have so many great treatment options available now.It's entirely possible to reach a point where your skin is clear and you're feeling good.” When that happens for Crutchfield's patients, “ Their moods improve,” he says.“ They feel better about themselves and about life in general because their pain and irritation has let up.” Don't stop at medication, though.Eat a healthful diet, lose weight if you're overweight, and stay active.Those steps can help you feel healthy and in control -- and ease your psoriasis symptoms, too.

<human>: Can I get professional help for the emotional side of psoriasis? <bot>: Your doctor should be able to recommend a therapist. “ I tell people who make comments, ‘ I have psoriasis, which is a genetic condition.,context:Most people think of psoriasis as a skin condition. But it affects a lot more than your skin. “ Unlike a health problem like diabetes, psoriasis is often visible to other people,” says Edidiong Kaminska, MD, a dermatologist at Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago. “ That can be difficult to deal with at times. And psoriasis is chronic, so it's an everyday part of your life. That may take a toll on your mood, your self-confidence, and even your relationships.” One study found that people with psoriasis have higher chances for depression and anxiety. And a third of adults with the condition say it interferes with their love life. But treatment and some small changes to your daily habits can help you stay happy and healthy, Kaminska says. When you take care of yourself mentally and emotionally, you'll be more likely to feel in control of your psoriasis. Psoriasis patches can crop up with little warning. When they do, they may feel itchy, tight, and painful. “ That can be stressful, even if you've been living with the disease for years,” Kaminska says. Trouble is, stress can trigger psoriasis flares and pain. You might feel like you're stuck in a vicious cycle. That's exactly why it's crucial to make stress relief a part of your everyday routine. How? “ Exercise at least three times a week,” says Charles E. Crutchfield III, MD, medical director of Crutchfield Dermatology in Eagan, MN. As it boosts your mood, exercise also lowers inflammation and helps to keep your weight in check, which can ease your symptoms. Deep breathing, meditation, or time spent on something you enjoy, like chatting with a friend, also can tame tension and raise levels of feel-good brain chemicals called endorphins. If you can't seem to shake the blues or a bad self-image, consider seeing a social worker or psychologist. Cognitive behavioral therapy, which is a form of talk therapy focused on watching for negative thought patterns to change your feelings and behavior, can be especially helpful. Your doctor should be able to recommend a therapist. If you're feeling lousy, touching another person or talking about your psoriasis may be the last thing you feel like doing. But research shows that people with psoriasis who get social support feel better day to day and are less likely to have depression. Let your friends and family know how psoriasis affects you emotionally. “ They may not ‘get it' until you open up to them. But when you do, they'll want to support you,” Kaminska says. You may be all too used to second glances and unkind remarks about your skin from others. People who don't understand what the disease is may worry that it's contagious or a symptom of another health problem. Have a fast, fact-based statement ready, says Carolyn Jacob, MD, who has psoriasis and serves as director of Chicago Cosmetic Surgery and Dermatology in Illinois. “ I tell people who make comments, ‘ I have psoriasis, which is a genetic condition. You can't catch it. '” A long-term disease like psoriasis can make you feel like you're not in control. Others might have told you that you have to “learn to live with it.” That's not true, says Crutchfield, who has psoriasis himself. “ We have so many great treatment options available now. It's entirely possible to reach a point where your skin is clear and you're feeling good.” When that happens for Crutchfield's patients, “ Their moods improve,” he says. “ They feel better about themselves and about life in general because their pain and irritation has let up.” Don't stop at medication, though. Eat a healthful diet, lose weight if you're overweight, and stay active. Those steps can help you feel healthy and in control -- and ease your psoriasis symptoms, too.,Most people think of psoriasis as a skin condition.But it affects a lot more than your skin.“ Unlike a health problem like diabetes, psoriasis is often visible to other people,” says Edidiong Kaminska, MD, a dermatologist at Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago.“ That can be difficult to deal with at times.And psoriasis is chronic, so it's an everyday part of your life.That may take a toll on your mood, your self-confidence, and even your relationships.” One study found that people with psoriasis have higher chances for depression and anxiety.And a third of adults with the condition say it interferes with their love life.But treatment and some small changes to your daily habits can help you stay happy and healthy, Kaminska says.When you take care of yourself mentally and emotionally, you'll be more likely to feel in control of your psoriasis.Psoriasis patches can crop up with little warning.When they do, they may feel itchy, tight, and painful.“ That can be stressful, even if you've been living with the disease for years,” Kaminska says.Trouble is, stress can trigger psoriasis flares and pain.You might feel like you're stuck in a vicious cycle.That's exactly why it's crucial to make stress relief a part of your everyday routine.How?“ Exercise at least three times a week,” says Charles E. Crutchfield III, MD, medical director of Crutchfield Dermatology in Eagan, MN.As it boosts your mood, exercise also lowers inflammation and helps to keep your weight in check, which can ease your symptoms.Deep breathing, meditation, or time spent on something you enjoy, like chatting with a friend, also can tame tension and raise levels of feel-good brain chemicals called endorphins.If you can't seem to shake the blues or a bad self-image, consider seeing a social worker or psychologist.Cognitive behavioral therapy, which is a form of talk therapy focused on watching for negative thought patterns to change your feelings and behavior, can be especially helpful.Your doctor should be able to recommend a therapist.If you're feeling lousy, touching another person or talking about your psoriasis may be the last thing you feel like doing.But research shows that people with psoriasis who get social support feel better day to day and are less likely to have depression.Let your friends and family know how psoriasis affects you emotionally.“ They may not ‘get it' until you open up to them.But when you do, they'll want to support you,” Kaminska says.You may be all too used to second glances and unkind remarks about your skin from others.People who don't understand what the disease is may worry that it's contagious or a symptom of another health problem.Have a fast, fact-based statement ready, says Carolyn Jacob, MD, who has psoriasis and serves as director of Chicago Cosmetic Surgery and Dermatology in Illinois.“ I tell people who make comments, ‘ I have psoriasis, which is a genetic condition.You can't catch it.'” A long-term disease like psoriasis can make you feel like you're not in control.Others might have told you that you have to “learn to live with it.” That's not true, says Crutchfield, who has psoriasis himself.“ We have so many great treatment options available now.It's entirely possible to reach a point where your skin is clear and you're feeling good.” When that happens for Crutchfield's patients, “ Their moods improve,” he says.“ They feel better about themselves and about life in general because their pain and irritation has let up.” Don't stop at medication, though.Eat a healthful diet, lose weight if you're overweight, and stay active.Those steps can help you feel healthy and in control -- and ease your psoriasis symptoms, too.

<human>: When should you call your doctor about vaginal infections and vaginitis? <bot>: You should call your doctor when: Your vaginal discharge changes color, is heavier, or smells different.,context:Most women have been there. You're distracted and squirming in your chair because it doesn't feel right down there. Perhaps there's a smell that's a little, well, funkier, than usual. You want to do something to make it stop, now. Although it can be darned uncomfortable, it's not the end of the world. You could have an infection caused by bacteria, yeast, or viruses. Chemicals in soaps, sprays, or even clothing that come in contact with this area could be irritating the delicate skin and tissues. It's not always easy to figure out what's going on, though. You'll probably need your doctor's help to sort it out and choose the right treatment. Doctors refer to the various conditions that cause an infection or inflammation of the vagina as "vaginitis." The most common kinds are: Bacterial vaginosis Candida or "yeast" infections Chlamydia Gonorrhea Reactions or allergies (non-infectious vaginitis) Trichomoniasis Viral vaginitis Although they may have different symptoms, a diagnosis can be tricky even for an experienced doctor. Part of the problem is that you could have more than one at the same time. You could also have an infection without any symptoms. A woman's vagina makes discharge that's usually clear or slightly cloudy. In part, it's how the vagina cleans itself. It doesn't really have a smell or make you itch. How much of it and exactly what it looks and feels like can vary during your menstrual cycle. At one point, you may have only a small amount of a very thin or watery discharge, and at another time of the month, it's thicker and there's more of it. That's all normal. When discharge has a very noticeable odor, or burns or itches, that's likely a problem. You might feel an irritation any time of the day, but it's most often bothersome at night. Having sex can make some symptoms worse. You should call your doctor when: Your vaginal discharge changes color, is heavier, or smells different. You notice itching, burning, swelling, or soreness around or outside of your vagina. It burns when you pee. Sex is uncomfortable. Two of the most common causes are related to organisms that live in your vagina. They can have very similar symptoms. Yeast infections are an overgrowth of the yeast that you normally have in your body. Bacterial vaginosis happens when the balance of bacteria is thrown off. With both conditions, you may notice white or grayish discharge. How can you tell them apart? If there's a fishy smell, bacterial vaginosis is a better guess. If your discharge looks like cottage cheese, a yeast infection may be to blame. That's also more likely to cause itching and burning, though bacterial vaginosis might make you itchy, too. And you could have both at the same time. You can get vaginal infections through sexual contact, too: Chlamydia Gonorrhea Herpes simplex virus Human papilloma virus ( HPV) or genital warts Trichomoniasis Women may not have obvious symptoms of these STDs. If you're sexually active (especially if you have multiple partners), you should talk to your doctor about getting tested for them at your annual checkup. If left untreated, some of these can permanently damage your reproductive organs or cause other health problems. You could also pass them to a partner. Sometimes itching, burning, and even discharge happen without an infection. Most often, it's an allergic reaction to or irritation from products such as: Detergents Douches Fabric softeners Perfumed soaps Spermicides Vaginal sprays It could also be from a lower level of hormones because of menopause or because you've had your ovaries removed. This can make your vagina dry, a condition called atrophic vaginitis. Sexual intercourse could be painful, and you may notice vaginal itching and burning. The key to treating vaginal infections effectively is getting the right diagnosis. Pay close attention to exactly which symptoms you have and when. Be ready to describe the color, texture, smell, and amount of discharge. Don't douche before your office or clinic visit; it will make accurate testing hard or impossible. Some doctors will ask you to not have sex during the 24-48 hours before your appointment. It's better to see your doctor before you try over-the-counter medications, even if you're pretty sure you know what you have. You treat non-infectious vaginitis by dealing with the probable cause. Consider what products you're using that could be irritating your sensitive skin. For hormonal changes, your doctor may prescribe estrogen to ease symptoms. Keep yourself clean and dry. But doctors don't recommend vaginal sprays or heavily perfumed soaps for this area. Douching may cause irritation, too, and more importantly, could hide or spread an infection. It also removes the healthy bacteria that do the housekeeping in your vagina. Douching is never recommended. Avoid clothes that hold in heat and moisture. Nylon underwear, tight jeans, non-breathable gym shorts and leggings, and pantyhose without a cotton panel can lead to yeast infections. Eating yogurt with active cultures (check the label) might help you get fewer infections. Condoms are the best way to prevent passing infections between sexual partners. Get a complete gynecologic exam every year, including a Pap smear if your doctor recommends it.,Most women have been there.You're distracted and squirming in your chair because it doesn't feel right down there.Perhaps there's a smell that's a little, well, funkier, than usual.You want to do something to make it stop, now.Although it can be darned uncomfortable, it's not the end of the world.You could have an infection caused by bacteria, yeast, or viruses.Chemicals in soaps, sprays, or even clothing that come in contact with this area could be irritating the delicate skin and tissues.It's not always easy to figure out what's going on, though.You'll probably need your doctor's help to sort it out and choose the right treatment.Doctors refer to the various conditions that cause an infection or inflammation of the vagina as "vaginitis."The most common kinds are: Bacterial vaginosis Candida or "yeast" infections Chlamydia Gonorrhea Reactions or allergies (non-infectious vaginitis) Trichomoniasis Viral vaginitis Although they may have different symptoms, a diagnosis can be tricky even for an experienced doctor.Part of the problem is that you could have more than one at the same time.You could also have an infection without any symptoms.A woman's vagina makes discharge that's usually clear or slightly cloudy.In part, it's how the vagina cleans itself.It doesn't really have a smell or make you itch.How much of it and exactly what it looks and feels like can vary during your menstrual cycle.At one point, you may have only a small amount of a very thin or watery discharge, and at another time of the month, it's thicker and there's more of it.That's all normal.When discharge has a very noticeable odor, or burns or itches, that's likely a problem.You might feel an irritation any time of the day, but it's most often bothersome at night.Having sex can make some symptoms worse.You should call your doctor when: Your vaginal discharge changes color, is heavier, or smells different.You notice itching, burning, swelling, or soreness around or outside of your vagina.It burns when you pee.Sex is uncomfortable.Two of the most common causes are related to organisms that live in your vagina.They can have very similar symptoms.Yeast infections are an overgrowth of the yeast that you normally have in your body.Bacterial vaginosis happens when the balance of bacteria is thrown off.With both conditions, you may notice white or grayish discharge.How can you tell them apart?If there's a fishy smell, bacterial vaginosis is a better guess.If your discharge looks like cottage cheese, a yeast infection may be to blame.That's also more likely to cause itching and burning, though bacterial vaginosis might make you itchy, too.And you could have both at the same time.You can get vaginal infections through sexual contact, too: Chlamydia Gonorrhea Herpes simplex virus Human papilloma virus ( HPV) or genital warts Trichomoniasis Women may not have obvious symptoms of these STDs.If you're sexually active (especially if you have multiple partners), you should talk to your doctor about getting tested for them at your annual checkup.If left untreated, some of these can permanently damage your reproductive organs or cause other health problems.You could also pass them to a partner.Sometimes itching, burning, and even discharge happen without an infection.Most often, it's an allergic reaction to or irritation from products such as: Detergents Douches Fabric softeners Perfumed soaps Spermicides Vaginal sprays It could also be from a lower level of hormones because of menopause or because you've had your ovaries removed.This can make your vagina dry, a condition called atrophic vaginitis.Sexual intercourse could be painful, and you may notice vaginal itching and burning.The key to treating vaginal infections effectively is getting the right diagnosis.Pay close attention to exactly which symptoms you have and when.Be ready to describe the color, texture, smell, and amount of discharge.Don't douche before your office or clinic visit; it will make accurate testing hard or impossible.Some doctors will ask you to not have sex during the 24-48 hours before your appointment.It's better to see your doctor before you try over-the-counter medications, even if you're pretty sure you know what you have.You treat non-infectious vaginitis by dealing with the probable cause.Consider what products you're using that could be irritating your sensitive skin.For hormonal changes, your doctor may prescribe estrogen to ease symptoms.Keep yourself clean and dry.But doctors don't recommend vaginal sprays or heavily perfumed soaps for this area.Douching may cause irritation, too, and more importantly, could hide or spread an infection.It also removes the healthy bacteria that do the housekeeping in your vagina.Douching is never recommended.Avoid clothes that hold in heat and moisture.Nylon underwear, tight jeans, non-breathable gym shorts and leggings, and pantyhose without a cotton panel can lead to yeast infections.Eating yogurt with active cultures (check the label) might help you get fewer infections.Condoms are the best way to prevent passing infections between sexual partners.Get a complete gynecologic exam every year, including a Pap smear if your doctor recommends it.

<human>: How do you know if you have a yeast infection or bacterial vaginosis? <bot>: Two of the most common causes are related to organisms that live in your vagina. They can have very similar symptoms. Yeast infections are an overgrowth of the yeast that you normally have in your body. Bacterial vaginosis happens when the balance of bacteria is thrown off. With both conditions, you may notice white or grayish discharge. How can you tell them apart? If there's a fishy smell, bacterial vaginosis is a better guess. If your discharge looks like cottage cheese, a yeast infection may be to blame. That's also more likely to cause itching and burning, though bacterial vaginosis might make you itchy, too. And you could have both at the same time.,context:Most women have been there. You're distracted and squirming in your chair because it doesn't feel right down there. Perhaps there's a smell that's a little, well, funkier, than usual. You want to do something to make it stop, now. Although it can be darned uncomfortable, it's not the end of the world. You could have an infection caused by bacteria, yeast, or viruses. Chemicals in soaps, sprays, or even clothing that come in contact with this area could be irritating the delicate skin and tissues. It's not always easy to figure out what's going on, though. You'll probably need your doctor's help to sort it out and choose the right treatment. Doctors refer to the various conditions that cause an infection or inflammation of the vagina as "vaginitis." The most common kinds are: Bacterial vaginosis Candida or "yeast" infections Chlamydia Gonorrhea Reactions or allergies (non-infectious vaginitis) Trichomoniasis Viral vaginitis Although they may have different symptoms, a diagnosis can be tricky even for an experienced doctor. Part of the problem is that you could have more than one at the same time. You could also have an infection without any symptoms. A woman's vagina makes discharge that's usually clear or slightly cloudy. In part, it's how the vagina cleans itself. It doesn't really have a smell or make you itch. How much of it and exactly what it looks and feels like can vary during your menstrual cycle. At one point, you may have only a small amount of a very thin or watery discharge, and at another time of the month, it's thicker and there's more of it. That's all normal. When discharge has a very noticeable odor, or burns or itches, that's likely a problem. You might feel an irritation any time of the day, but it's most often bothersome at night. Having sex can make some symptoms worse. You should call your doctor when: Your vaginal discharge changes color, is heavier, or smells different. You notice itching, burning, swelling, or soreness around or outside of your vagina. It burns when you pee. Sex is uncomfortable. Two of the most common causes are related to organisms that live in your vagina. They can have very similar symptoms. Yeast infections are an overgrowth of the yeast that you normally have in your body. Bacterial vaginosis happens when the balance of bacteria is thrown off. With both conditions, you may notice white or grayish discharge. How can you tell them apart? If there's a fishy smell, bacterial vaginosis is a better guess. If your discharge looks like cottage cheese, a yeast infection may be to blame. That's also more likely to cause itching and burning, though bacterial vaginosis might make you itchy, too. And you could have both at the same time. You can get vaginal infections through sexual contact, too: Chlamydia Gonorrhea Herpes simplex virus Human papilloma virus ( HPV) or genital warts Trichomoniasis Women may not have obvious symptoms of these STDs. If you're sexually active (especially if you have multiple partners), you should talk to your doctor about getting tested for them at your annual checkup. If left untreated, some of these can permanently damage your reproductive organs or cause other health problems. You could also pass them to a partner. Sometimes itching, burning, and even discharge happen without an infection. Most often, it's an allergic reaction to or irritation from products such as: Detergents Douches Fabric softeners Perfumed soaps Spermicides Vaginal sprays It could also be from a lower level of hormones because of menopause or because you've had your ovaries removed. This can make your vagina dry, a condition called atrophic vaginitis. Sexual intercourse could be painful, and you may notice vaginal itching and burning. The key to treating vaginal infections effectively is getting the right diagnosis. Pay close attention to exactly which symptoms you have and when. Be ready to describe the color, texture, smell, and amount of discharge. Don't douche before your office or clinic visit; it will make accurate testing hard or impossible. Some doctors will ask you to not have sex during the 24-48 hours before your appointment. It's better to see your doctor before you try over-the-counter medications, even if you're pretty sure you know what you have. You treat non-infectious vaginitis by dealing with the probable cause. Consider what products you're using that could be irritating your sensitive skin. For hormonal changes, your doctor may prescribe estrogen to ease symptoms. Keep yourself clean and dry. But doctors don't recommend vaginal sprays or heavily perfumed soaps for this area. Douching may cause irritation, too, and more importantly, could hide or spread an infection. It also removes the healthy bacteria that do the housekeeping in your vagina. Douching is never recommended. Avoid clothes that hold in heat and moisture. Nylon underwear, tight jeans, non-breathable gym shorts and leggings, and pantyhose without a cotton panel can lead to yeast infections. Eating yogurt with active cultures (check the label) might help you get fewer infections. Condoms are the best way to prevent passing infections between sexual partners. Get a complete gynecologic exam every year, including a Pap smear if your doctor recommends it.,Most women have been there.You're distracted and squirming in your chair because it doesn't feel right down there.Perhaps there's a smell that's a little, well, funkier, than usual.You want to do something to make it stop, now.Although it can be darned uncomfortable, it's not the end of the world.You could have an infection caused by bacteria, yeast, or viruses.Chemicals in soaps, sprays, or even clothing that come in contact with this area could be irritating the delicate skin and tissues.It's not always easy to figure out what's going on, though.You'll probably need your doctor's help to sort it out and choose the right treatment.Doctors refer to the various conditions that cause an infection or inflammation of the vagina as "vaginitis."The most common kinds are: Bacterial vaginosis Candida or "yeast" infections Chlamydia Gonorrhea Reactions or allergies (non-infectious vaginitis) Trichomoniasis Viral vaginitis Although they may have different symptoms, a diagnosis can be tricky even for an experienced doctor.Part of the problem is that you could have more than one at the same time.You could also have an infection without any symptoms.A woman's vagina makes discharge that's usually clear or slightly cloudy.In part, it's how the vagina cleans itself.It doesn't really have a smell or make you itch.How much of it and exactly what it looks and feels like can vary during your menstrual cycle.At one point, you may have only a small amount of a very thin or watery discharge, and at another time of the month, it's thicker and there's more of it.That's all normal.When discharge has a very noticeable odor, or burns or itches, that's likely a problem.You might feel an irritation any time of the day, but it's most often bothersome at night.Having sex can make some symptoms worse.You should call your doctor when: Your vaginal discharge changes color, is heavier, or smells different.You notice itching, burning, swelling, or soreness around or outside of your vagina.It burns when you pee.Sex is uncomfortable.Two of the most common causes are related to organisms that live in your vagina.They can have very similar symptoms.Yeast infections are an overgrowth of the yeast that you normally have in your body.Bacterial vaginosis happens when the balance of bacteria is thrown off.With both conditions, you may notice white or grayish discharge.How can you tell them apart?If there's a fishy smell, bacterial vaginosis is a better guess.If your discharge looks like cottage cheese, a yeast infection may be to blame.That's also more likely to cause itching and burning, though bacterial vaginosis might make you itchy, too.And you could have both at the same time.You can get vaginal infections through sexual contact, too: Chlamydia Gonorrhea Herpes simplex virus Human papilloma virus ( HPV) or genital warts Trichomoniasis Women may not have obvious symptoms of these STDs.If you're sexually active (especially if you have multiple partners), you should talk to your doctor about getting tested for them at your annual checkup.If left untreated, some of these can permanently damage your reproductive organs or cause other health problems.You could also pass them to a partner.Sometimes itching, burning, and even discharge happen without an infection.Most often, it's an allergic reaction to or irritation from products such as: Detergents Douches Fabric softeners Perfumed soaps Spermicides Vaginal sprays It could also be from a lower level of hormones because of menopause or because you've had your ovaries removed.This can make your vagina dry, a condition called atrophic vaginitis.Sexual intercourse could be painful, and you may notice vaginal itching and burning.The key to treating vaginal infections effectively is getting the right diagnosis.Pay close attention to exactly which symptoms you have and when.Be ready to describe the color, texture, smell, and amount of discharge.Don't douche before your office or clinic visit; it will make accurate testing hard or impossible.Some doctors will ask you to not have sex during the 24-48 hours before your appointment.It's better to see your doctor before you try over-the-counter medications, even if you're pretty sure you know what you have.You treat non-infectious vaginitis by dealing with the probable cause.Consider what products you're using that could be irritating your sensitive skin.For hormonal changes, your doctor may prescribe estrogen to ease symptoms.Keep yourself clean and dry.But doctors don't recommend vaginal sprays or heavily perfumed soaps for this area.Douching may cause irritation, too, and more importantly, could hide or spread an infection.It also removes the healthy bacteria that do the housekeeping in your vagina.Douching is never recommended.Avoid clothes that hold in heat and moisture.Nylon underwear, tight jeans, non-breathable gym shorts and leggings, and pantyhose without a cotton panel can lead to yeast infections.Eating yogurt with active cultures (check the label) might help you get fewer infections.Condoms are the best way to prevent passing infections between sexual partners.Get a complete gynecologic exam every year, including a Pap smear if your doctor recommends it.

<human>: How can you prevent vaginitis? <bot>: Keep yourself clean and dry. But doctors don't recommend vaginal sprays or heavily perfumed soaps for this area. Douching may cause irritation, too, and more importantly, could hide or spread an infection. It also removes the healthy bacteria that do the housekeeping in your vagina. Douching is never recommended. Avoid clothes that hold in heat and moisture. Nylon underwear, tight jeans, non-breathable gym shorts and leggings, and pantyhose without a cotton panel can lead to yeast infections. Eating yogurt with active cultures (check the label) might help you get fewer infections. Condoms are the best way to prevent passing infections between sexual partners. Get a complete gynecologic exam every year, including a Pap smear if your doctor recommends it.,context:Most women have been there. You're distracted and squirming in your chair because it doesn't feel right down there. Perhaps there's a smell that's a little, well, funkier, than usual. You want to do something to make it stop, now. Although it can be darned uncomfortable, it's not the end of the world. You could have an infection caused by bacteria, yeast, or viruses. Chemicals in soaps, sprays, or even clothing that come in contact with this area could be irritating the delicate skin and tissues. It's not always easy to figure out what's going on, though. You'll probably need your doctor's help to sort it out and choose the right treatment. Doctors refer to the various conditions that cause an infection or inflammation of the vagina as "vaginitis." The most common kinds are: Bacterial vaginosis Candida or "yeast" infections Chlamydia Gonorrhea Reactions or allergies (non-infectious vaginitis) Trichomoniasis Viral vaginitis Although they may have different symptoms, a diagnosis can be tricky even for an experienced doctor. Part of the problem is that you could have more than one at the same time. You could also have an infection without any symptoms. A woman's vagina makes discharge that's usually clear or slightly cloudy. In part, it's how the vagina cleans itself. It doesn't really have a smell or make you itch. How much of it and exactly what it looks and feels like can vary during your menstrual cycle. At one point, you may have only a small amount of a very thin or watery discharge, and at another time of the month, it's thicker and there's more of it. That's all normal. When discharge has a very noticeable odor, or burns or itches, that's likely a problem. You might feel an irritation any time of the day, but it's most often bothersome at night. Having sex can make some symptoms worse. You should call your doctor when: Your vaginal discharge changes color, is heavier, or smells different. You notice itching, burning, swelling, or soreness around or outside of your vagina. It burns when you pee. Sex is uncomfortable. Two of the most common causes are related to organisms that live in your vagina. They can have very similar symptoms. Yeast infections are an overgrowth of the yeast that you normally have in your body. Bacterial vaginosis happens when the balance of bacteria is thrown off. With both conditions, you may notice white or grayish discharge. How can you tell them apart? If there's a fishy smell, bacterial vaginosis is a better guess. If your discharge looks like cottage cheese, a yeast infection may be to blame. That's also more likely to cause itching and burning, though bacterial vaginosis might make you itchy, too. And you could have both at the same time. You can get vaginal infections through sexual contact, too: Chlamydia Gonorrhea Herpes simplex virus Human papilloma virus ( HPV) or genital warts Trichomoniasis Women may not have obvious symptoms of these STDs. If you're sexually active (especially if you have multiple partners), you should talk to your doctor about getting tested for them at your annual checkup. If left untreated, some of these can permanently damage your reproductive organs or cause other health problems. You could also pass them to a partner. Sometimes itching, burning, and even discharge happen without an infection. Most often, it's an allergic reaction to or irritation from products such as: Detergents Douches Fabric softeners Perfumed soaps Spermicides Vaginal sprays It could also be from a lower level of hormones because of menopause or because you've had your ovaries removed. This can make your vagina dry, a condition called atrophic vaginitis. Sexual intercourse could be painful, and you may notice vaginal itching and burning. The key to treating vaginal infections effectively is getting the right diagnosis. Pay close attention to exactly which symptoms you have and when. Be ready to describe the color, texture, smell, and amount of discharge. Don't douche before your office or clinic visit; it will make accurate testing hard or impossible. Some doctors will ask you to not have sex during the 24-48 hours before your appointment. It's better to see your doctor before you try over-the-counter medications, even if you're pretty sure you know what you have. You treat non-infectious vaginitis by dealing with the probable cause. Consider what products you're using that could be irritating your sensitive skin. For hormonal changes, your doctor may prescribe estrogen to ease symptoms. Keep yourself clean and dry. But doctors don't recommend vaginal sprays or heavily perfumed soaps for this area. Douching may cause irritation, too, and more importantly, could hide or spread an infection. It also removes the healthy bacteria that do the housekeeping in your vagina. Douching is never recommended. Avoid clothes that hold in heat and moisture. Nylon underwear, tight jeans, non-breathable gym shorts and leggings, and pantyhose without a cotton panel can lead to yeast infections. Eating yogurt with active cultures (check the label) might help you get fewer infections. Condoms are the best way to prevent passing infections between sexual partners. Get a complete gynecologic exam every year, including a Pap smear if your doctor recommends it.,Most women have been there.You're distracted and squirming in your chair because it doesn't feel right down there.Perhaps there's a smell that's a little, well, funkier, than usual.You want to do something to make it stop, now.Although it can be darned uncomfortable, it's not the end of the world.You could have an infection caused by bacteria, yeast, or viruses.Chemicals in soaps, sprays, or even clothing that come in contact with this area could be irritating the delicate skin and tissues.It's not always easy to figure out what's going on, though.You'll probably need your doctor's help to sort it out and choose the right treatment.Doctors refer to the various conditions that cause an infection or inflammation of the vagina as "vaginitis."The most common kinds are: Bacterial vaginosis Candida or "yeast" infections Chlamydia Gonorrhea Reactions or allergies (non-infectious vaginitis) Trichomoniasis Viral vaginitis Although they may have different symptoms, a diagnosis can be tricky even for an experienced doctor.Part of the problem is that you could have more than one at the same time.You could also have an infection without any symptoms.A woman's vagina makes discharge that's usually clear or slightly cloudy.In part, it's how the vagina cleans itself.It doesn't really have a smell or make you itch.How much of it and exactly what it looks and feels like can vary during your menstrual cycle.At one point, you may have only a small amount of a very thin or watery discharge, and at another time of the month, it's thicker and there's more of it.That's all normal.When discharge has a very noticeable odor, or burns or itches, that's likely a problem.You might feel an irritation any time of the day, but it's most often bothersome at night.Having sex can make some symptoms worse.You should call your doctor when: Your vaginal discharge changes color, is heavier, or smells different.You notice itching, burning, swelling, or soreness around or outside of your vagina.It burns when you pee.Sex is uncomfortable.Two of the most common causes are related to organisms that live in your vagina.They can have very similar symptoms.Yeast infections are an overgrowth of the yeast that you normally have in your body.Bacterial vaginosis happens when the balance of bacteria is thrown off.With both conditions, you may notice white or grayish discharge.How can you tell them apart?If there's a fishy smell, bacterial vaginosis is a better guess.If your discharge looks like cottage cheese, a yeast infection may be to blame.That's also more likely to cause itching and burning, though bacterial vaginosis might make you itchy, too.And you could have both at the same time.You can get vaginal infections through sexual contact, too: Chlamydia Gonorrhea Herpes simplex virus Human papilloma virus ( HPV) or genital warts Trichomoniasis Women may not have obvious symptoms of these STDs.If you're sexually active (especially if you have multiple partners), you should talk to your doctor about getting tested for them at your annual checkup.If left untreated, some of these can permanently damage your reproductive organs or cause other health problems.You could also pass them to a partner.Sometimes itching, burning, and even discharge happen without an infection.Most often, it's an allergic reaction to or irritation from products such as: Detergents Douches Fabric softeners Perfumed soaps Spermicides Vaginal sprays It could also be from a lower level of hormones because of menopause or because you've had your ovaries removed.This can make your vagina dry, a condition called atrophic vaginitis.Sexual intercourse could be painful, and you may notice vaginal itching and burning.The key to treating vaginal infections effectively is getting the right diagnosis.Pay close attention to exactly which symptoms you have and when.Be ready to describe the color, texture, smell, and amount of discharge.Don't douche before your office or clinic visit; it will make accurate testing hard or impossible.Some doctors will ask you to not have sex during the 24-48 hours before your appointment.It's better to see your doctor before you try over-the-counter medications, even if you're pretty sure you know what you have.You treat non-infectious vaginitis by dealing with the probable cause.Consider what products you're using that could be irritating your sensitive skin.For hormonal changes, your doctor may prescribe estrogen to ease symptoms.Keep yourself clean and dry.But doctors don't recommend vaginal sprays or heavily perfumed soaps for this area.Douching may cause irritation, too, and more importantly, could hide or spread an infection.It also removes the healthy bacteria that do the housekeeping in your vagina.Douching is never recommended.Avoid clothes that hold in heat and moisture.Nylon underwear, tight jeans, non-breathable gym shorts and leggings, and pantyhose without a cotton panel can lead to yeast infections.Eating yogurt with active cultures (check the label) might help you get fewer infections.Condoms are the best way to prevent passing infections between sexual partners.Get a complete gynecologic exam every year, including a Pap smear if your doctor recommends it.

<human>: What are the different types of vaginitis? <bot>: Doctors refer to the various conditions that cause an infection or inflammation of the vagina as "vaginitis." The most common kinds are: Bacterial vaginosis Candida or "yeast" infections Chlamydia Gonorrhea Reactions or allergies (non-infectious vaginitis) Trichomoniasis Viral vaginitis Although they may have different symptoms, a diagnosis can be tricky even for an experienced doctor.,context:Most women have been there. You're distracted and squirming in your chair because it doesn't feel right down there. Perhaps there's a smell that's a little, well, funkier, than usual. You want to do something to make it stop, now. Although it can be darned uncomfortable, it's not the end of the world. You could have an infection caused by bacteria, yeast, or viruses. Chemicals in soaps, sprays, or even clothing that come in contact with this area could be irritating the delicate skin and tissues. It's not always easy to figure out what's going on, though. You'll probably need your doctor's help to sort it out and choose the right treatment. Doctors refer to the various conditions that cause an infection or inflammation of the vagina as "vaginitis." The most common kinds are: Bacterial vaginosis Candida or "yeast" infections Chlamydia Gonorrhea Reactions or allergies (non-infectious vaginitis) Trichomoniasis Viral vaginitis Although they may have different symptoms, a diagnosis can be tricky even for an experienced doctor. Part of the problem is that you could have more than one at the same time. You could also have an infection without any symptoms. A woman's vagina makes discharge that's usually clear or slightly cloudy. In part, it's how the vagina cleans itself. It doesn't really have a smell or make you itch. How much of it and exactly what it looks and feels like can vary during your menstrual cycle. At one point, you may have only a small amount of a very thin or watery discharge, and at another time of the month, it's thicker and there's more of it. That's all normal. When discharge has a very noticeable odor, or burns or itches, that's likely a problem. You might feel an irritation any time of the day, but it's most often bothersome at night. Having sex can make some symptoms worse. You should call your doctor when: Your vaginal discharge changes color, is heavier, or smells different. You notice itching, burning, swelling, or soreness around or outside of your vagina. It burns when you pee. Sex is uncomfortable. Two of the most common causes are related to organisms that live in your vagina. They can have very similar symptoms. Yeast infections are an overgrowth of the yeast that you normally have in your body. Bacterial vaginosis happens when the balance of bacteria is thrown off. With both conditions, you may notice white or grayish discharge. How can you tell them apart? If there's a fishy smell, bacterial vaginosis is a better guess. If your discharge looks like cottage cheese, a yeast infection may be to blame. That's also more likely to cause itching and burning, though bacterial vaginosis might make you itchy, too. And you could have both at the same time. You can get vaginal infections through sexual contact, too: Chlamydia Gonorrhea Herpes simplex virus Human papilloma virus ( HPV) or genital warts Trichomoniasis Women may not have obvious symptoms of these STDs. If you're sexually active (especially if you have multiple partners), you should talk to your doctor about getting tested for them at your annual checkup. If left untreated, some of these can permanently damage your reproductive organs or cause other health problems. You could also pass them to a partner. Sometimes itching, burning, and even discharge happen without an infection. Most often, it's an allergic reaction to or irritation from products such as: Detergents Douches Fabric softeners Perfumed soaps Spermicides Vaginal sprays It could also be from a lower level of hormones because of menopause or because you've had your ovaries removed. This can make your vagina dry, a condition called atrophic vaginitis. Sexual intercourse could be painful, and you may notice vaginal itching and burning. The key to treating vaginal infections effectively is getting the right diagnosis. Pay close attention to exactly which symptoms you have and when. Be ready to describe the color, texture, smell, and amount of discharge. Don't douche before your office or clinic visit; it will make accurate testing hard or impossible. Some doctors will ask you to not have sex during the 24-48 hours before your appointment. It's better to see your doctor before you try over-the-counter medications, even if you're pretty sure you know what you have. You treat non-infectious vaginitis by dealing with the probable cause. Consider what products you're using that could be irritating your sensitive skin. For hormonal changes, your doctor may prescribe estrogen to ease symptoms. Keep yourself clean and dry. But doctors don't recommend vaginal sprays or heavily perfumed soaps for this area. Douching may cause irritation, too, and more importantly, could hide or spread an infection. It also removes the healthy bacteria that do the housekeeping in your vagina. Douching is never recommended. Avoid clothes that hold in heat and moisture. Nylon underwear, tight jeans, non-breathable gym shorts and leggings, and pantyhose without a cotton panel can lead to yeast infections. Eating yogurt with active cultures (check the label) might help you get fewer infections. Condoms are the best way to prevent passing infections between sexual partners. Get a complete gynecologic exam every year, including a Pap smear if your doctor recommends it.,Most women have been there.You're distracted and squirming in your chair because it doesn't feel right down there.Perhaps there's a smell that's a little, well, funkier, than usual.You want to do something to make it stop, now.Although it can be darned uncomfortable, it's not the end of the world.You could have an infection caused by bacteria, yeast, or viruses.Chemicals in soaps, sprays, or even clothing that come in contact with this area could be irritating the delicate skin and tissues.It's not always easy to figure out what's going on, though.You'll probably need your doctor's help to sort it out and choose the right treatment.Doctors refer to the various conditions that cause an infection or inflammation of the vagina as "vaginitis."The most common kinds are: Bacterial vaginosis Candida or "yeast" infections Chlamydia Gonorrhea Reactions or allergies (non-infectious vaginitis) Trichomoniasis Viral vaginitis Although they may have different symptoms, a diagnosis can be tricky even for an experienced doctor.Part of the problem is that you could have more than one at the same time.You could also have an infection without any symptoms.A woman's vagina makes discharge that's usually clear or slightly cloudy.In part, it's how the vagina cleans itself.It doesn't really have a smell or make you itch.How much of it and exactly what it looks and feels like can vary during your menstrual cycle.At one point, you may have only a small amount of a very thin or watery discharge, and at another time of the month, it's thicker and there's more of it.That's all normal.When discharge has a very noticeable odor, or burns or itches, that's likely a problem.You might feel an irritation any time of the day, but it's most often bothersome at night.Having sex can make some symptoms worse.You should call your doctor when: Your vaginal discharge changes color, is heavier, or smells different.You notice itching, burning, swelling, or soreness around or outside of your vagina.It burns when you pee.Sex is uncomfortable.Two of the most common causes are related to organisms that live in your vagina.They can have very similar symptoms.Yeast infections are an overgrowth of the yeast that you normally have in your body.Bacterial vaginosis happens when the balance of bacteria is thrown off.With both conditions, you may notice white or grayish discharge.How can you tell them apart?If there's a fishy smell, bacterial vaginosis is a better guess.If your discharge looks like cottage cheese, a yeast infection may be to blame.That's also more likely to cause itching and burning, though bacterial vaginosis might make you itchy, too.And you could have both at the same time.You can get vaginal infections through sexual contact, too: Chlamydia Gonorrhea Herpes simplex virus Human papilloma virus ( HPV) or genital warts Trichomoniasis Women may not have obvious symptoms of these STDs.If you're sexually active (especially if you have multiple partners), you should talk to your doctor about getting tested for them at your annual checkup.If left untreated, some of these can permanently damage your reproductive organs or cause other health problems.You could also pass them to a partner.Sometimes itching, burning, and even discharge happen without an infection.Most often, it's an allergic reaction to or irritation from products such as: Detergents Douches Fabric softeners Perfumed soaps Spermicides Vaginal sprays It could also be from a lower level of hormones because of menopause or because you've had your ovaries removed.This can make your vagina dry, a condition called atrophic vaginitis.Sexual intercourse could be painful, and you may notice vaginal itching and burning.The key to treating vaginal infections effectively is getting the right diagnosis.Pay close attention to exactly which symptoms you have and when.Be ready to describe the color, texture, smell, and amount of discharge.Don't douche before your office or clinic visit; it will make accurate testing hard or impossible.Some doctors will ask you to not have sex during the 24-48 hours before your appointment.It's better to see your doctor before you try over-the-counter medications, even if you're pretty sure you know what you have.You treat non-infectious vaginitis by dealing with the probable cause.Consider what products you're using that could be irritating your sensitive skin.For hormonal changes, your doctor may prescribe estrogen to ease symptoms.Keep yourself clean and dry.But doctors don't recommend vaginal sprays or heavily perfumed soaps for this area.Douching may cause irritation, too, and more importantly, could hide or spread an infection.It also removes the healthy bacteria that do the housekeeping in your vagina.Douching is never recommended.Avoid clothes that hold in heat and moisture.Nylon underwear, tight jeans, non-breathable gym shorts and leggings, and pantyhose without a cotton panel can lead to yeast infections.Eating yogurt with active cultures (check the label) might help you get fewer infections.Condoms are the best way to prevent passing infections between sexual partners.Get a complete gynecologic exam every year, including a Pap smear if your doctor recommends it.

<human>: What causes non-infectious vaginitis? <bot>: You could also have an infection without any symptoms. Most often, it's an allergic reaction to or irritation from products such as: Detergents Douches Fabric softeners Perfumed soaps Spermicides Vaginal sprays It could also be from a lower level of hormones because of menopause or because you've had your ovaries removed. This can make your vagina dry, a condition called atrophic vaginitis. Sexual intercourse could be painful, and you may notice vaginal itching and burning.,context:Most women have been there. You're distracted and squirming in your chair because it doesn't feel right down there. Perhaps there's a smell that's a little, well, funkier, than usual. You want to do something to make it stop, now. Although it can be darned uncomfortable, it's not the end of the world. You could have an infection caused by bacteria, yeast, or viruses. Chemicals in soaps, sprays, or even clothing that come in contact with this area could be irritating the delicate skin and tissues. It's not always easy to figure out what's going on, though. You'll probably need your doctor's help to sort it out and choose the right treatment. Doctors refer to the various conditions that cause an infection or inflammation of the vagina as "vaginitis." The most common kinds are: Bacterial vaginosis Candida or "yeast" infections Chlamydia Gonorrhea Reactions or allergies (non-infectious vaginitis) Trichomoniasis Viral vaginitis Although they may have different symptoms, a diagnosis can be tricky even for an experienced doctor. Part of the problem is that you could have more than one at the same time. You could also have an infection without any symptoms. A woman's vagina makes discharge that's usually clear or slightly cloudy. In part, it's how the vagina cleans itself. It doesn't really have a smell or make you itch. How much of it and exactly what it looks and feels like can vary during your menstrual cycle. At one point, you may have only a small amount of a very thin or watery discharge, and at another time of the month, it's thicker and there's more of it. That's all normal. When discharge has a very noticeable odor, or burns or itches, that's likely a problem. You might feel an irritation any time of the day, but it's most often bothersome at night. Having sex can make some symptoms worse. You should call your doctor when: Your vaginal discharge changes color, is heavier, or smells different. You notice itching, burning, swelling, or soreness around or outside of your vagina. It burns when you pee. Sex is uncomfortable. Two of the most common causes are related to organisms that live in your vagina. They can have very similar symptoms. Yeast infections are an overgrowth of the yeast that you normally have in your body. Bacterial vaginosis happens when the balance of bacteria is thrown off. With both conditions, you may notice white or grayish discharge. How can you tell them apart? If there's a fishy smell, bacterial vaginosis is a better guess. If your discharge looks like cottage cheese, a yeast infection may be to blame. That's also more likely to cause itching and burning, though bacterial vaginosis might make you itchy, too. And you could have both at the same time. You can get vaginal infections through sexual contact, too: Chlamydia Gonorrhea Herpes simplex virus Human papilloma virus ( HPV) or genital warts Trichomoniasis Women may not have obvious symptoms of these STDs. If you're sexually active (especially if you have multiple partners), you should talk to your doctor about getting tested for them at your annual checkup. If left untreated, some of these can permanently damage your reproductive organs or cause other health problems. You could also pass them to a partner. Sometimes itching, burning, and even discharge happen without an infection. Most often, it's an allergic reaction to or irritation from products such as: Detergents Douches Fabric softeners Perfumed soaps Spermicides Vaginal sprays It could also be from a lower level of hormones because of menopause or because you've had your ovaries removed. This can make your vagina dry, a condition called atrophic vaginitis. Sexual intercourse could be painful, and you may notice vaginal itching and burning. The key to treating vaginal infections effectively is getting the right diagnosis. Pay close attention to exactly which symptoms you have and when. Be ready to describe the color, texture, smell, and amount of discharge. Don't douche before your office or clinic visit; it will make accurate testing hard or impossible. Some doctors will ask you to not have sex during the 24-48 hours before your appointment. It's better to see your doctor before you try over-the-counter medications, even if you're pretty sure you know what you have. You treat non-infectious vaginitis by dealing with the probable cause. Consider what products you're using that could be irritating your sensitive skin. For hormonal changes, your doctor may prescribe estrogen to ease symptoms. Keep yourself clean and dry. But doctors don't recommend vaginal sprays or heavily perfumed soaps for this area. Douching may cause irritation, too, and more importantly, could hide or spread an infection. It also removes the healthy bacteria that do the housekeeping in your vagina. Douching is never recommended. Avoid clothes that hold in heat and moisture. Nylon underwear, tight jeans, non-breathable gym shorts and leggings, and pantyhose without a cotton panel can lead to yeast infections. Eating yogurt with active cultures (check the label) might help you get fewer infections. Condoms are the best way to prevent passing infections between sexual partners. Get a complete gynecologic exam every year, including a Pap smear if your doctor recommends it.,Most women have been there.You're distracted and squirming in your chair because it doesn't feel right down there.Perhaps there's a smell that's a little, well, funkier, than usual.You want to do something to make it stop, now.Although it can be darned uncomfortable, it's not the end of the world.You could have an infection caused by bacteria, yeast, or viruses.Chemicals in soaps, sprays, or even clothing that come in contact with this area could be irritating the delicate skin and tissues.It's not always easy to figure out what's going on, though.You'll probably need your doctor's help to sort it out and choose the right treatment.Doctors refer to the various conditions that cause an infection or inflammation of the vagina as "vaginitis."The most common kinds are: Bacterial vaginosis Candida or "yeast" infections Chlamydia Gonorrhea Reactions or allergies (non-infectious vaginitis) Trichomoniasis Viral vaginitis Although they may have different symptoms, a diagnosis can be tricky even for an experienced doctor.Part of the problem is that you could have more than one at the same time.You could also have an infection without any symptoms.A woman's vagina makes discharge that's usually clear or slightly cloudy.In part, it's how the vagina cleans itself.It doesn't really have a smell or make you itch.How much of it and exactly what it looks and feels like can vary during your menstrual cycle.At one point, you may have only a small amount of a very thin or watery discharge, and at another time of the month, it's thicker and there's more of it.That's all normal.When discharge has a very noticeable odor, or burns or itches, that's likely a problem.You might feel an irritation any time of the day, but it's most often bothersome at night.Having sex can make some symptoms worse.You should call your doctor when: Your vaginal discharge changes color, is heavier, or smells different.You notice itching, burning, swelling, or soreness around or outside of your vagina.It burns when you pee.Sex is uncomfortable.Two of the most common causes are related to organisms that live in your vagina.They can have very similar symptoms.Yeast infections are an overgrowth of the yeast that you normally have in your body.Bacterial vaginosis happens when the balance of bacteria is thrown off.With both conditions, you may notice white or grayish discharge.How can you tell them apart?If there's a fishy smell, bacterial vaginosis is a better guess.If your discharge looks like cottage cheese, a yeast infection may be to blame.That's also more likely to cause itching and burning, though bacterial vaginosis might make you itchy, too.And you could have both at the same time.You can get vaginal infections through sexual contact, too: Chlamydia Gonorrhea Herpes simplex virus Human papilloma virus ( HPV) or genital warts Trichomoniasis Women may not have obvious symptoms of these STDs.If you're sexually active (especially if you have multiple partners), you should talk to your doctor about getting tested for them at your annual checkup.If left untreated, some of these can permanently damage your reproductive organs or cause other health problems.You could also pass them to a partner.Sometimes itching, burning, and even discharge happen without an infection.Most often, it's an allergic reaction to or irritation from products such as: Detergents Douches Fabric softeners Perfumed soaps Spermicides Vaginal sprays It could also be from a lower level of hormones because of menopause or because you've had your ovaries removed.This can make your vagina dry, a condition called atrophic vaginitis.Sexual intercourse could be painful, and you may notice vaginal itching and burning.The key to treating vaginal infections effectively is getting the right diagnosis.Pay close attention to exactly which symptoms you have and when.Be ready to describe the color, texture, smell, and amount of discharge.Don't douche before your office or clinic visit; it will make accurate testing hard or impossible.Some doctors will ask you to not have sex during the 24-48 hours before your appointment.It's better to see your doctor before you try over-the-counter medications, even if you're pretty sure you know what you have.You treat non-infectious vaginitis by dealing with the probable cause.Consider what products you're using that could be irritating your sensitive skin.For hormonal changes, your doctor may prescribe estrogen to ease symptoms.Keep yourself clean and dry.But doctors don't recommend vaginal sprays or heavily perfumed soaps for this area.Douching may cause irritation, too, and more importantly, could hide or spread an infection.It also removes the healthy bacteria that do the housekeeping in your vagina.Douching is never recommended.Avoid clothes that hold in heat and moisture.Nylon underwear, tight jeans, non-breathable gym shorts and leggings, and pantyhose without a cotton panel can lead to yeast infections.Eating yogurt with active cultures (check the label) might help you get fewer infections.Condoms are the best way to prevent passing infections between sexual partners.Get a complete gynecologic exam every year, including a Pap smear if your doctor recommends it.

<human>: What are symptoms of vaginal infections and vaginitis? <bot>: Having sex can make some symptoms worse. It burns when you pee. And you could have both at the same time.,context:Most women have been there. You're distracted and squirming in your chair because it doesn't feel right down there. Perhaps there's a smell that's a little, well, funkier, than usual. You want to do something to make it stop, now. Although it can be darned uncomfortable, it's not the end of the world. You could have an infection caused by bacteria, yeast, or viruses. Chemicals in soaps, sprays, or even clothing that come in contact with this area could be irritating the delicate skin and tissues. It's not always easy to figure out what's going on, though. You'll probably need your doctor's help to sort it out and choose the right treatment. Doctors refer to the various conditions that cause an infection or inflammation of the vagina as "vaginitis." The most common kinds are: Bacterial vaginosis Candida or "yeast" infections Chlamydia Gonorrhea Reactions or allergies (non-infectious vaginitis) Trichomoniasis Viral vaginitis Although they may have different symptoms, a diagnosis can be tricky even for an experienced doctor. Part of the problem is that you could have more than one at the same time. You could also have an infection without any symptoms. A woman's vagina makes discharge that's usually clear or slightly cloudy. In part, it's how the vagina cleans itself. It doesn't really have a smell or make you itch. How much of it and exactly what it looks and feels like can vary during your menstrual cycle. At one point, you may have only a small amount of a very thin or watery discharge, and at another time of the month, it's thicker and there's more of it. That's all normal. When discharge has a very noticeable odor, or burns or itches, that's likely a problem. You might feel an irritation any time of the day, but it's most often bothersome at night. Having sex can make some symptoms worse. You should call your doctor when: Your vaginal discharge changes color, is heavier, or smells different. You notice itching, burning, swelling, or soreness around or outside of your vagina. It burns when you pee. Sex is uncomfortable. Two of the most common causes are related to organisms that live in your vagina. They can have very similar symptoms. Yeast infections are an overgrowth of the yeast that you normally have in your body. Bacterial vaginosis happens when the balance of bacteria is thrown off. With both conditions, you may notice white or grayish discharge. How can you tell them apart? If there's a fishy smell, bacterial vaginosis is a better guess. If your discharge looks like cottage cheese, a yeast infection may be to blame. That's also more likely to cause itching and burning, though bacterial vaginosis might make you itchy, too. And you could have both at the same time. You can get vaginal infections through sexual contact, too: Chlamydia Gonorrhea Herpes simplex virus Human papilloma virus ( HPV) or genital warts Trichomoniasis Women may not have obvious symptoms of these STDs. If you're sexually active (especially if you have multiple partners), you should talk to your doctor about getting tested for them at your annual checkup. If left untreated, some of these can permanently damage your reproductive organs or cause other health problems. You could also pass them to a partner. Sometimes itching, burning, and even discharge happen without an infection. Most often, it's an allergic reaction to or irritation from products such as: Detergents Douches Fabric softeners Perfumed soaps Spermicides Vaginal sprays It could also be from a lower level of hormones because of menopause or because you've had your ovaries removed. This can make your vagina dry, a condition called atrophic vaginitis. Sexual intercourse could be painful, and you may notice vaginal itching and burning. The key to treating vaginal infections effectively is getting the right diagnosis. Pay close attention to exactly which symptoms you have and when. Be ready to describe the color, texture, smell, and amount of discharge. Don't douche before your office or clinic visit; it will make accurate testing hard or impossible. Some doctors will ask you to not have sex during the 24-48 hours before your appointment. It's better to see your doctor before you try over-the-counter medications, even if you're pretty sure you know what you have. You treat non-infectious vaginitis by dealing with the probable cause. Consider what products you're using that could be irritating your sensitive skin. For hormonal changes, your doctor may prescribe estrogen to ease symptoms. Keep yourself clean and dry. But doctors don't recommend vaginal sprays or heavily perfumed soaps for this area. Douching may cause irritation, too, and more importantly, could hide or spread an infection. It also removes the healthy bacteria that do the housekeeping in your vagina. Douching is never recommended. Avoid clothes that hold in heat and moisture. Nylon underwear, tight jeans, non-breathable gym shorts and leggings, and pantyhose without a cotton panel can lead to yeast infections. Eating yogurt with active cultures (check the label) might help you get fewer infections. Condoms are the best way to prevent passing infections between sexual partners. Get a complete gynecologic exam every year, including a Pap smear if your doctor recommends it.,Most women have been there.You're distracted and squirming in your chair because it doesn't feel right down there.Perhaps there's a smell that's a little, well, funkier, than usual.You want to do something to make it stop, now.Although it can be darned uncomfortable, it's not the end of the world.You could have an infection caused by bacteria, yeast, or viruses.Chemicals in soaps, sprays, or even clothing that come in contact with this area could be irritating the delicate skin and tissues.It's not always easy to figure out what's going on, though.You'll probably need your doctor's help to sort it out and choose the right treatment.Doctors refer to the various conditions that cause an infection or inflammation of the vagina as "vaginitis."The most common kinds are: Bacterial vaginosis Candida or "yeast" infections Chlamydia Gonorrhea Reactions or allergies (non-infectious vaginitis) Trichomoniasis Viral vaginitis Although they may have different symptoms, a diagnosis can be tricky even for an experienced doctor.Part of the problem is that you could have more than one at the same time.You could also have an infection without any symptoms.A woman's vagina makes discharge that's usually clear or slightly cloudy.In part, it's how the vagina cleans itself.It doesn't really have a smell or make you itch.How much of it and exactly what it looks and feels like can vary during your menstrual cycle.At one point, you may have only a small amount of a very thin or watery discharge, and at another time of the month, it's thicker and there's more of it.That's all normal.When discharge has a very noticeable odor, or burns or itches, that's likely a problem.You might feel an irritation any time of the day, but it's most often bothersome at night.Having sex can make some symptoms worse.You should call your doctor when: Your vaginal discharge changes color, is heavier, or smells different.You notice itching, burning, swelling, or soreness around or outside of your vagina.It burns when you pee.Sex is uncomfortable.Two of the most common causes are related to organisms that live in your vagina.They can have very similar symptoms.Yeast infections are an overgrowth of the yeast that you normally have in your body.Bacterial vaginosis happens when the balance of bacteria is thrown off.With both conditions, you may notice white or grayish discharge.How can you tell them apart?If there's a fishy smell, bacterial vaginosis is a better guess.If your discharge looks like cottage cheese, a yeast infection may be to blame.That's also more likely to cause itching and burning, though bacterial vaginosis might make you itchy, too.And you could have both at the same time.You can get vaginal infections through sexual contact, too: Chlamydia Gonorrhea Herpes simplex virus Human papilloma virus ( HPV) or genital warts Trichomoniasis Women may not have obvious symptoms of these STDs.If you're sexually active (especially if you have multiple partners), you should talk to your doctor about getting tested for them at your annual checkup.If left untreated, some of these can permanently damage your reproductive organs or cause other health problems.You could also pass them to a partner.Sometimes itching, burning, and even discharge happen without an infection.Most often, it's an allergic reaction to or irritation from products such as: Detergents Douches Fabric softeners Perfumed soaps Spermicides Vaginal sprays It could also be from a lower level of hormones because of menopause or because you've had your ovaries removed.This can make your vagina dry, a condition called atrophic vaginitis.Sexual intercourse could be painful, and you may notice vaginal itching and burning.The key to treating vaginal infections effectively is getting the right diagnosis.Pay close attention to exactly which symptoms you have and when.Be ready to describe the color, texture, smell, and amount of discharge.Don't douche before your office or clinic visit; it will make accurate testing hard or impossible.Some doctors will ask you to not have sex during the 24-48 hours before your appointment.It's better to see your doctor before you try over-the-counter medications, even if you're pretty sure you know what you have.You treat non-infectious vaginitis by dealing with the probable cause.Consider what products you're using that could be irritating your sensitive skin.For hormonal changes, your doctor may prescribe estrogen to ease symptoms.Keep yourself clean and dry.But doctors don't recommend vaginal sprays or heavily perfumed soaps for this area.Douching may cause irritation, too, and more importantly, could hide or spread an infection.It also removes the healthy bacteria that do the housekeeping in your vagina.Douching is never recommended.Avoid clothes that hold in heat and moisture.Nylon underwear, tight jeans, non-breathable gym shorts and leggings, and pantyhose without a cotton panel can lead to yeast infections.Eating yogurt with active cultures (check the label) might help you get fewer infections.Condoms are the best way to prevent passing infections between sexual partners.Get a complete gynecologic exam every year, including a Pap smear if your doctor recommends it.

<human>: How are middle ear implants used for hearing loss? <bot>: This type happens when the outer or middle ear can't bring sound to the inner ear. Sensorineural. In-the-ear. They also don't cause feedback and can stay in place when you swim or bathe, depending on the type of implant you have.,context:Advances in medicine and technology have led to many new treatments for hearing loss. With so many to choose from, how can you know which one is best for you? The choice depends partly on the kind of loss you have. Conductive. This type happens when the outer or middle ear can't bring sound to the inner ear. Sensorineural. This starts when the inner ear, auditory nerve, or brain no longer detects sound waves normally. Mixed hearing loss. It's a combination of the conductive and sensorineural kinds. No matter what type you have, treatments can help you. They make sounds louder and make them easier for the inner ear to pick up. They're typically either analog or digital. Analog hearing aids. These convert sound into electrical signals, then make them louder. They work like a microphone plugged into an amplifier. You can program them for different environments, like a small room or a crowded restaurant. Digital hearing aids. These convert sound into a code of numbers, then change them back into sound. You can program them to amplify only the frequencies where you have hearing loss. In general, digital devices give you more flexibility than the analog kind. But they also cost more. Both types come in many different models, including: Behind-the-ear. It's best for mild to severe hearing loss, and it includes a plastic case, which you wear behind your ear. The sound is sent through an ear mold that you put in your outer ear. They're somewhat large. They're also powerful. Open-fit. You wear these behind your ear, too. They relay sound through a narrow tube that you put into your ear canal. Unlike behind-the-ear aids, open-fit aids allow the canal to stay open. Some people prefer them because: They don't give you a "plugged-up" feeling. They're less prone to damage from earwax. They're smaller, which makes them harder to see. In-the-ear. These model helps mild to severe hearing loss. The parts are so small that they fit completely inside your outer ear. Like some behind-the-ear aids, some in-the-ear aids have a small magnetic coil, called a telecoil. That makes it easier to talk on the phone. They can also pick up signals from systems called induction sound loops in some public places like churches, schools, airports, and auditoriums. These hearing aids aren't a good idea for young children because their outer ears are still growing. In-canal. This type is best for mild to moderately severe hearing loss. They're small enough to fit inside your ear canal. This makes them far less visible than other hearing aids. But their size makes them harder for some people to adjust and remove. They're also less powerful than larger ones, and they usually can't have a telecoil. Doctors can put some hearing technologies even farther inside your ear to send more sound vibrations to your inner ear. These options include: Middle ear implants. A surgeon attaches a small device to one of the bones of your middle ear so it can move them directly, which sends stronger sound vibrations to the inner ear. The implants help people with sensorineural hearing loss. These implants are one of the newest advances, so it's important to speak to a specialist who has experience putting them in. Because they go in the middle ear, they're almost completely hidden. They also don't cause feedback and can stay in place when you swim or bathe, depending on the type of implant you have. Bone-anchored hearing aids. These go into the bone behind the ear, where they transmit sound into the inner ear through the skull. These devices are usually recommended for people with: Hearing loss in one ear Problems with the shape of their ear canals Conductive or mixed hearing loss with long-term ear infections Cochlear implants. If the inner ear has severe damage, even the most powerful hearing aid can't restore your hearing. In that case, your doctor may recommend a cochlear implant. These bypass damaged parts of the ear and send signals directly to your auditory nerve that relays sound to the brain. A cochlear implant has a microphone that goes behind the ear and a transmitter that goes under the skin. Sound information goes to electrodes that a doctor puts in your inner ear through surgery. These implants can help adults who are deaf or severely hearing-impaired. They can also help children with profound hearing loss have better speech and language skills. But it often takes time and practice to interpret the signals they send to the brain.,Advances in medicine and technology have led to many new treatments for hearing loss.With so many to choose from, how can you know which one is best for you?The choice depends partly on the kind of loss you have.Conductive.This type happens when the outer or middle ear can't bring sound to the inner ear.Sensorineural.This starts when the inner ear, auditory nerve, or brain no longer detects sound waves normally.Mixed hearing loss.It's a combination of the conductive and sensorineural kinds.No matter what type you have, treatments can help you.They make sounds louder and make them easier for the inner ear to pick up.They're typically either analog or digital.Analog hearing aids.These convert sound into electrical signals, then make them louder.They work like a microphone plugged into an amplifier.You can program them for different environments, like a small room or a crowded restaurant.Digital hearing aids.These convert sound into a code of numbers, then change them back into sound.You can program them to amplify only the frequencies where you have hearing loss.In general, digital devices give you more flexibility than the analog kind.But they also cost more.Both types come in many different models, including: Behind-the-ear.It's best for mild to severe hearing loss, and it includes a plastic case, which you wear behind your ear.The sound is sent through an ear mold that you put in your outer ear.They're somewhat large.They're also powerful.Open-fit.You wear these behind your ear, too.They relay sound through a narrow tube that you put into your ear canal.Unlike behind-the-ear aids, open-fit aids allow the canal to stay open.Some people prefer them because: They don't give you a "plugged-up" feeling.They're less prone to damage from earwax.They're smaller, which makes them harder to see.In-the-ear.These model helps mild to severe hearing loss.The parts are so small that they fit completely inside your outer ear.Like some behind-the-ear aids, some in-the-ear aids have a small magnetic coil, called a telecoil.That makes it easier to talk on the phone.They can also pick up signals from systems called induction sound loops in some public places like churches, schools, airports, and auditoriums.These hearing aids aren't a good idea for young children because their outer ears are still growing.In-canal.This type is best for mild to moderately severe hearing loss.They're small enough to fit inside your ear canal.This makes them far less visible than other hearing aids.But their size makes them harder for some people to adjust and remove.They're also less powerful than larger ones, and they usually can't have a telecoil.Doctors can put some hearing technologies even farther inside your ear to send more sound vibrations to your inner ear.These options include: Middle ear implants.A surgeon attaches a small device to one of the bones of your middle ear so it can move them directly, which sends stronger sound vibrations to the inner ear.The implants help people with sensorineural hearing loss.These implants are one of the newest advances, so it's important to speak to a specialist who has experience putting them in.Because they go in the middle ear, they're almost completely hidden.They also don't cause feedback and can stay in place when you swim or bathe, depending on the type of implant you have.Bone-anchored hearing aids.These go into the bone behind the ear, where they transmit sound into the inner ear through the skull.These devices are usually recommended for people with: Hearing loss in one ear Problems with the shape of their ear canals Conductive or mixed hearing loss with long-term ear infections Cochlear implants.If the inner ear has severe damage, even the most powerful hearing aid can't restore your hearing.In that case, your doctor may recommend a cochlear implant.These bypass damaged parts of the ear and send signals directly to your auditory nerve that relays sound to the brain.A cochlear implant has a microphone that goes behind the ear and a transmitter that goes under the skin.Sound information goes to electrodes that a doctor puts in your inner ear through surgery.These implants can help adults who are deaf or severely hearing-impaired.They can also help children with profound hearing loss have better speech and language skills.But it often takes time and practice to interpret the signals they send to the brain.

<human>: How are bone-anchored hearing aids used for hearing loss? <bot>: In-the-ear. These devices are usually recommended for people with: Hearing loss in one ear Problems with the shape of their ear canals Conductive or mixed hearing loss with long-term ear infections Cochlear implants.,context:Advances in medicine and technology have led to many new treatments for hearing loss. With so many to choose from, how can you know which one is best for you? The choice depends partly on the kind of loss you have. Conductive. This type happens when the outer or middle ear can't bring sound to the inner ear. Sensorineural. This starts when the inner ear, auditory nerve, or brain no longer detects sound waves normally. Mixed hearing loss. It's a combination of the conductive and sensorineural kinds. No matter what type you have, treatments can help you. They make sounds louder and make them easier for the inner ear to pick up. They're typically either analog or digital. Analog hearing aids. These convert sound into electrical signals, then make them louder. They work like a microphone plugged into an amplifier. You can program them for different environments, like a small room or a crowded restaurant. Digital hearing aids. These convert sound into a code of numbers, then change them back into sound. You can program them to amplify only the frequencies where you have hearing loss. In general, digital devices give you more flexibility than the analog kind. But they also cost more. Both types come in many different models, including: Behind-the-ear. It's best for mild to severe hearing loss, and it includes a plastic case, which you wear behind your ear. The sound is sent through an ear mold that you put in your outer ear. They're somewhat large. They're also powerful. Open-fit. You wear these behind your ear, too. They relay sound through a narrow tube that you put into your ear canal. Unlike behind-the-ear aids, open-fit aids allow the canal to stay open. Some people prefer them because: They don't give you a "plugged-up" feeling. They're less prone to damage from earwax. They're smaller, which makes them harder to see. In-the-ear. These model helps mild to severe hearing loss. The parts are so small that they fit completely inside your outer ear. Like some behind-the-ear aids, some in-the-ear aids have a small magnetic coil, called a telecoil. That makes it easier to talk on the phone. They can also pick up signals from systems called induction sound loops in some public places like churches, schools, airports, and auditoriums. These hearing aids aren't a good idea for young children because their outer ears are still growing. In-canal. This type is best for mild to moderately severe hearing loss. They're small enough to fit inside your ear canal. This makes them far less visible than other hearing aids. But their size makes them harder for some people to adjust and remove. They're also less powerful than larger ones, and they usually can't have a telecoil. Doctors can put some hearing technologies even farther inside your ear to send more sound vibrations to your inner ear. These options include: Middle ear implants. A surgeon attaches a small device to one of the bones of your middle ear so it can move them directly, which sends stronger sound vibrations to the inner ear. The implants help people with sensorineural hearing loss. These implants are one of the newest advances, so it's important to speak to a specialist who has experience putting them in. Because they go in the middle ear, they're almost completely hidden. They also don't cause feedback and can stay in place when you swim or bathe, depending on the type of implant you have. Bone-anchored hearing aids. These go into the bone behind the ear, where they transmit sound into the inner ear through the skull. These devices are usually recommended for people with: Hearing loss in one ear Problems with the shape of their ear canals Conductive or mixed hearing loss with long-term ear infections Cochlear implants. If the inner ear has severe damage, even the most powerful hearing aid can't restore your hearing. In that case, your doctor may recommend a cochlear implant. These bypass damaged parts of the ear and send signals directly to your auditory nerve that relays sound to the brain. A cochlear implant has a microphone that goes behind the ear and a transmitter that goes under the skin. Sound information goes to electrodes that a doctor puts in your inner ear through surgery. These implants can help adults who are deaf or severely hearing-impaired. They can also help children with profound hearing loss have better speech and language skills. But it often takes time and practice to interpret the signals they send to the brain.,Advances in medicine and technology have led to many new treatments for hearing loss.With so many to choose from, how can you know which one is best for you?The choice depends partly on the kind of loss you have.Conductive.This type happens when the outer or middle ear can't bring sound to the inner ear.Sensorineural.This starts when the inner ear, auditory nerve, or brain no longer detects sound waves normally.Mixed hearing loss.It's a combination of the conductive and sensorineural kinds.No matter what type you have, treatments can help you.They make sounds louder and make them easier for the inner ear to pick up.They're typically either analog or digital.Analog hearing aids.These convert sound into electrical signals, then make them louder.They work like a microphone plugged into an amplifier.You can program them for different environments, like a small room or a crowded restaurant.Digital hearing aids.These convert sound into a code of numbers, then change them back into sound.You can program them to amplify only the frequencies where you have hearing loss.In general, digital devices give you more flexibility than the analog kind.But they also cost more.Both types come in many different models, including: Behind-the-ear.It's best for mild to severe hearing loss, and it includes a plastic case, which you wear behind your ear.The sound is sent through an ear mold that you put in your outer ear.They're somewhat large.They're also powerful.Open-fit.You wear these behind your ear, too.They relay sound through a narrow tube that you put into your ear canal.Unlike behind-the-ear aids, open-fit aids allow the canal to stay open.Some people prefer them because: They don't give you a "plugged-up" feeling.They're less prone to damage from earwax.They're smaller, which makes them harder to see.In-the-ear.These model helps mild to severe hearing loss.The parts are so small that they fit completely inside your outer ear.Like some behind-the-ear aids, some in-the-ear aids have a small magnetic coil, called a telecoil.That makes it easier to talk on the phone.They can also pick up signals from systems called induction sound loops in some public places like churches, schools, airports, and auditoriums.These hearing aids aren't a good idea for young children because their outer ears are still growing.In-canal.This type is best for mild to moderately severe hearing loss.They're small enough to fit inside your ear canal.This makes them far less visible than other hearing aids.But their size makes them harder for some people to adjust and remove.They're also less powerful than larger ones, and they usually can't have a telecoil.Doctors can put some hearing technologies even farther inside your ear to send more sound vibrations to your inner ear.These options include: Middle ear implants.A surgeon attaches a small device to one of the bones of your middle ear so it can move them directly, which sends stronger sound vibrations to the inner ear.The implants help people with sensorineural hearing loss.These implants are one of the newest advances, so it's important to speak to a specialist who has experience putting them in.Because they go in the middle ear, they're almost completely hidden.They also don't cause feedback and can stay in place when you swim or bathe, depending on the type of implant you have.Bone-anchored hearing aids.These go into the bone behind the ear, where they transmit sound into the inner ear through the skull.These devices are usually recommended for people with: Hearing loss in one ear Problems with the shape of their ear canals Conductive or mixed hearing loss with long-term ear infections Cochlear implants.If the inner ear has severe damage, even the most powerful hearing aid can't restore your hearing.In that case, your doctor may recommend a cochlear implant.These bypass damaged parts of the ear and send signals directly to your auditory nerve that relays sound to the brain.A cochlear implant has a microphone that goes behind the ear and a transmitter that goes under the skin.Sound information goes to electrodes that a doctor puts in your inner ear through surgery.These implants can help adults who are deaf or severely hearing-impaired.They can also help children with profound hearing loss have better speech and language skills.But it often takes time and practice to interpret the signals they send to the brain.

<human>: What are some tips for your baby’s ninth month? <bot>: Your 9-month-old is eager to move around. Give him plenty of opportunities to crawl, stand, and cruise -- with you nearby to supervise, of course. Nine months isn't too young to start setting limits. Your baby should understand the word “no” or a similar means of communication by now. Use it whenever your little one is about to do something he should not do. Hold your baby's hands and walk around the room together so he can practice getting around on two feet.,context: Three-quarters of the way through your baby's first year and there is hardly a trace of that tiny bundle you brought home from the hospital just nine months ago. Now your baby is a mobile, vocal, and very enterprising adventurer. In this portion of Web MD's month-by-month guide, you'll discover what baby milestones you can expect your child to achieve when she's 9 months old. At nine months, your baby has likely become an expert crawler. Some babies are such crawling pros they can hold a toy in one hand while they propel themselves using the other hand and their two knees. Some can even crawl up and down stairs with ease. Just make sure you keep the gate closed unless you're there to supervise the climbing. At nine months, babies are also becoming experts at quickly changing position. They can push up to a crawl position, sit back down, and pivot to pick up a toy. Your little one may even be able to pull to a stand, and may soon start cruising around the room while holding onto furniture. Although those tiny baby shoes might look enticing on the store shelves, you don't need to invest in shoes until your baby actually starts to walk or is spending lots of time outdoors. For now, barefoot is best when indoors. Standing and walking in bare feet helps him develop the muscles and tendons in his feet. It's also easier to grip the floor in bare feet. When it gets cold outside, socks with non-skid bottoms will keep your baby's feet warm. In addition to getting ready for walking, 9-month-old babies are also improving their fine motor skills. With their pincer grasp, they're able to pick up smaller toys, and they can better coordinate the movement of both hands. These little sleuths will use their newfound motor skills to try to figure out how everything works -- which peg fits in the round hole, how cups fit inside one another, and which end of the toy telephone goes over their ear. Just make sure the toys they are playing with aren't a choking hazard. Remember that each baby's motor skills develop differently. Some children spend very little time in a developmental phase or may skip over a phase altogether. Talk to your child's pediatrician if you have any concerns, such as your baby not crawling by this age. Your baby's first year is a crucial time for brain development. Trillions of tiny connections are forming that will create the foundation for a lifetime of learning. You can accelerate baby's brain growth by providing a stimulating environment. But you don't need to invest in a series of expensive videos or teaching tools to nurture a smart baby. No DVD can ever replace the value of human interaction. Reading, singing, and talking to your baby every day are the best ways to bolster brain development. And remember, your child doesn't need to start reading at nine months to be a smart baby -- he just needs to learn and explore new things every day. If your 9-month-old is like many babies at this age, he may be babbling away nonstop. Those babbles might sound almost like real sentences, although no one will understand them but your baby. However, you may start to recognize a couple of real words, such as “ Mama,” “ Dada,” or “hi.” Your baby's understanding of language is improving, too. If you ask, “ Where's the ball?” your baby may go pick up a ball. Or you might ask, “ Where's the cow?" and he may point to a picture of a cow. In the brief pauses between babbles your baby is becoming a good listener and reader of body language. You may notice that your baby brings you a favorite toy to see you smile in response. Some babies are effective comedians, even at this young age. They'll blow bubbles and make funny sounds, just to elicit a laugh from the grown-ups around them. At other times, your baby will be a lot less happy -- especially when you're about to leave the room. Separation anxiety is starting to be an issue at this age and so is stranger anxiety. Your baby may express a fear of people and things that never bothered him before. For instance, he may suddenly start crying whenever grandma comes to visit or the lights go out at bedtime. This is because your baby's awareness and memory are improving. For the same reason, you'll probably see a few tears when you try to take something away from him. The good news is that 9-month-old babies are easily distracted and the tears shouldn't last long. Your 9-month-old is eager to move around. Give him plenty of opportunities to crawl, stand, and cruise -- with you nearby to supervise, of course. Nine months isn't too young to start setting limits. Your baby should understand the word “no” or a similar means of communication by now. Use it whenever your little one is about to do something he should not do. Hold your baby's hands and walk around the room together so he can practice getting around on two feet., Three-quarters of the way through your baby's first year and there is hardly a trace of that tiny bundle you brought home from the hospital just nine months ago.Now your baby is a mobile, vocal, and very enterprising adventurer.In this portion of Web MD's month-by-month guide, you'll discover what baby milestones you can expect your child to achieve when she's 9 months old.At nine months, your baby has likely become an expert crawler.Some babies are such crawling pros they can hold a toy in one hand while they propel themselves using the other hand and their two knees.Some can even crawl up and down stairs with ease.Just make sure you keep the gate closed unless you're there to supervise the climbing.At nine months, babies are also becoming experts at quickly changing position.They can push up to a crawl position, sit back down, and pivot to pick up a toy.Your little one may even be able to pull to a stand, and may soon start cruising around the room while holding onto furniture.Although those tiny baby shoes might look enticing on the store shelves, you don't need to invest in shoes until your baby actually starts to walk or is spending lots of time outdoors.For now, barefoot is best when indoors.Standing and walking in bare feet helps him develop the muscles and tendons in his feet.It's also easier to grip the floor in bare feet.When it gets cold outside, socks with non-skid bottoms will keep your baby's feet warm.In addition to getting ready for walking, 9-month-old babies are also improving their fine motor skills.With their pincer grasp, they're able to pick up smaller toys, and they can better coordinate the movement of both hands.These little sleuths will use their newfound motor skills to try to figure out how everything works -- which peg fits in the round hole, how cups fit inside one another, and which end of the toy telephone goes over their ear.Just make sure the toys they are playing with aren't a choking hazard.Remember that each baby's motor skills develop differently.Some children spend very little time in a developmental phase or may skip over a phase altogether.Talk to your child's pediatrician if you have any concerns, such as your baby not crawling by this age.Your baby's first year is a crucial time for brain development.Trillions of tiny connections are forming that will create the foundation for a lifetime of learning.You can accelerate baby's brain growth by providing a stimulating environment.But you don't need to invest in a series of expensive videos or teaching tools to nurture a smart baby.No DVD can ever replace the value of human interaction.Reading, singing, and talking to your baby every day are the best ways to bolster brain development.And remember, your child doesn't need to start reading at nine months to be a smart baby -- he just needs to learn and explore new things every day.If your 9-month-old is like many babies at this age, he may be babbling away nonstop.Those babbles might sound almost like real sentences, although no one will understand them but your baby.However, you may start to recognize a couple of real words, such as “ Mama,” “ Dada,” or “hi.” Your baby's understanding of language is improving, too.If you ask, “ Where's the ball?” your baby may go pick up a ball.Or you might ask, “ Where's the cow?"and he may point to a picture of a cow.In the brief pauses between babbles your baby is becoming a good listener and reader of body language.You may notice that your baby brings you a favorite toy to see you smile in response.Some babies are effective comedians, even at this young age.They'll blow bubbles and make funny sounds, just to elicit a laugh from the grown-ups around them.At other times, your baby will be a lot less happy -- especially when you're about to leave the room.Separation anxiety is starting to be an issue at this age and so is stranger anxiety.Your baby may express a fear of people and things that never bothered him before.For instance, he may suddenly start crying whenever grandma comes to visit or the lights go out at bedtime.This is because your baby's awareness and memory are improving.For the same reason, you'll probably see a few tears when you try to take something away from him.The good news is that 9-month-old babies are easily distracted and the tears shouldn't last long.Your 9-month-old is eager to move around.Give him plenty of opportunities to crawl, stand, and cruise -- with you nearby to supervise, of course.Nine months isn't too young to start setting limits.Your baby should understand the word “no” or a similar means of communication by now.Use it whenever your little one is about to do something he should not do.Hold your baby's hands and walk around the room together so he can practice getting around on two feet.

<human>: What brainpower milestones should you expect in your 9-month-old? <bot>: Your baby's first year is a crucial time for brain development. Trillions of tiny connections are forming that will create the foundation for a lifetime of learning. You can accelerate baby's brain growth by providing a stimulating environment. But you don't need to invest in a series of expensive videos or teaching tools to nurture a smart baby. No DVD can ever replace the value of human interaction. Reading, singing, and talking to your baby every day are the best ways to bolster brain development. And remember, your child doesn't need to start reading at nine months to be a smart baby -- he just needs to learn and explore new things every day.,context: Three-quarters of the way through your baby's first year and there is hardly a trace of that tiny bundle you brought home from the hospital just nine months ago. Now your baby is a mobile, vocal, and very enterprising adventurer. In this portion of Web MD's month-by-month guide, you'll discover what baby milestones you can expect your child to achieve when she's 9 months old. At nine months, your baby has likely become an expert crawler. Some babies are such crawling pros they can hold a toy in one hand while they propel themselves using the other hand and their two knees. Some can even crawl up and down stairs with ease. Just make sure you keep the gate closed unless you're there to supervise the climbing. At nine months, babies are also becoming experts at quickly changing position. They can push up to a crawl position, sit back down, and pivot to pick up a toy. Your little one may even be able to pull to a stand, and may soon start cruising around the room while holding onto furniture. Although those tiny baby shoes might look enticing on the store shelves, you don't need to invest in shoes until your baby actually starts to walk or is spending lots of time outdoors. For now, barefoot is best when indoors. Standing and walking in bare feet helps him develop the muscles and tendons in his feet. It's also easier to grip the floor in bare feet. When it gets cold outside, socks with non-skid bottoms will keep your baby's feet warm. In addition to getting ready for walking, 9-month-old babies are also improving their fine motor skills. With their pincer grasp, they're able to pick up smaller toys, and they can better coordinate the movement of both hands. These little sleuths will use their newfound motor skills to try to figure out how everything works -- which peg fits in the round hole, how cups fit inside one another, and which end of the toy telephone goes over their ear. Just make sure the toys they are playing with aren't a choking hazard. Remember that each baby's motor skills develop differently. Some children spend very little time in a developmental phase or may skip over a phase altogether. Talk to your child's pediatrician if you have any concerns, such as your baby not crawling by this age. Your baby's first year is a crucial time for brain development. Trillions of tiny connections are forming that will create the foundation for a lifetime of learning. You can accelerate baby's brain growth by providing a stimulating environment. But you don't need to invest in a series of expensive videos or teaching tools to nurture a smart baby. No DVD can ever replace the value of human interaction. Reading, singing, and talking to your baby every day are the best ways to bolster brain development. And remember, your child doesn't need to start reading at nine months to be a smart baby -- he just needs to learn and explore new things every day. If your 9-month-old is like many babies at this age, he may be babbling away nonstop. Those babbles might sound almost like real sentences, although no one will understand them but your baby. However, you may start to recognize a couple of real words, such as “ Mama,” “ Dada,” or “hi.” Your baby's understanding of language is improving, too. If you ask, “ Where's the ball?” your baby may go pick up a ball. Or you might ask, “ Where's the cow?" and he may point to a picture of a cow. In the brief pauses between babbles your baby is becoming a good listener and reader of body language. You may notice that your baby brings you a favorite toy to see you smile in response. Some babies are effective comedians, even at this young age. They'll blow bubbles and make funny sounds, just to elicit a laugh from the grown-ups around them. At other times, your baby will be a lot less happy -- especially when you're about to leave the room. Separation anxiety is starting to be an issue at this age and so is stranger anxiety. Your baby may express a fear of people and things that never bothered him before. For instance, he may suddenly start crying whenever grandma comes to visit or the lights go out at bedtime. This is because your baby's awareness and memory are improving. For the same reason, you'll probably see a few tears when you try to take something away from him. The good news is that 9-month-old babies are easily distracted and the tears shouldn't last long. Your 9-month-old is eager to move around. Give him plenty of opportunities to crawl, stand, and cruise -- with you nearby to supervise, of course. Nine months isn't too young to start setting limits. Your baby should understand the word “no” or a similar means of communication by now. Use it whenever your little one is about to do something he should not do. Hold your baby's hands and walk around the room together so he can practice getting around on two feet., Three-quarters of the way through your baby's first year and there is hardly a trace of that tiny bundle you brought home from the hospital just nine months ago.Now your baby is a mobile, vocal, and very enterprising adventurer.In this portion of Web MD's month-by-month guide, you'll discover what baby milestones you can expect your child to achieve when she's 9 months old.At nine months, your baby has likely become an expert crawler.Some babies are such crawling pros they can hold a toy in one hand while they propel themselves using the other hand and their two knees.Some can even crawl up and down stairs with ease.Just make sure you keep the gate closed unless you're there to supervise the climbing.At nine months, babies are also becoming experts at quickly changing position.They can push up to a crawl position, sit back down, and pivot to pick up a toy.Your little one may even be able to pull to a stand, and may soon start cruising around the room while holding onto furniture.Although those tiny baby shoes might look enticing on the store shelves, you don't need to invest in shoes until your baby actually starts to walk or is spending lots of time outdoors.For now, barefoot is best when indoors.Standing and walking in bare feet helps him develop the muscles and tendons in his feet.It's also easier to grip the floor in bare feet.When it gets cold outside, socks with non-skid bottoms will keep your baby's feet warm.In addition to getting ready for walking, 9-month-old babies are also improving their fine motor skills.With their pincer grasp, they're able to pick up smaller toys, and they can better coordinate the movement of both hands.These little sleuths will use their newfound motor skills to try to figure out how everything works -- which peg fits in the round hole, how cups fit inside one another, and which end of the toy telephone goes over their ear.Just make sure the toys they are playing with aren't a choking hazard.Remember that each baby's motor skills develop differently.Some children spend very little time in a developmental phase or may skip over a phase altogether.Talk to your child's pediatrician if you have any concerns, such as your baby not crawling by this age.Your baby's first year is a crucial time for brain development.Trillions of tiny connections are forming that will create the foundation for a lifetime of learning.You can accelerate baby's brain growth by providing a stimulating environment.But you don't need to invest in a series of expensive videos or teaching tools to nurture a smart baby.No DVD can ever replace the value of human interaction.Reading, singing, and talking to your baby every day are the best ways to bolster brain development.And remember, your child doesn't need to start reading at nine months to be a smart baby -- he just needs to learn and explore new things every day.If your 9-month-old is like many babies at this age, he may be babbling away nonstop.Those babbles might sound almost like real sentences, although no one will understand them but your baby.However, you may start to recognize a couple of real words, such as “ Mama,” “ Dada,” or “hi.” Your baby's understanding of language is improving, too.If you ask, “ Where's the ball?” your baby may go pick up a ball.Or you might ask, “ Where's the cow?"and he may point to a picture of a cow.In the brief pauses between babbles your baby is becoming a good listener and reader of body language.You may notice that your baby brings you a favorite toy to see you smile in response.Some babies are effective comedians, even at this young age.They'll blow bubbles and make funny sounds, just to elicit a laugh from the grown-ups around them.At other times, your baby will be a lot less happy -- especially when you're about to leave the room.Separation anxiety is starting to be an issue at this age and so is stranger anxiety.Your baby may express a fear of people and things that never bothered him before.For instance, he may suddenly start crying whenever grandma comes to visit or the lights go out at bedtime.This is because your baby's awareness and memory are improving.For the same reason, you'll probably see a few tears when you try to take something away from him.The good news is that 9-month-old babies are easily distracted and the tears shouldn't last long.Your 9-month-old is eager to move around.Give him plenty of opportunities to crawl, stand, and cruise -- with you nearby to supervise, of course.Nine months isn't too young to start setting limits.Your baby should understand the word “no” or a similar means of communication by now.Use it whenever your little one is about to do something he should not do.Hold your baby's hands and walk around the room together so he can practice getting around on two feet.

<human>: What communication milestones should you expect in your 9-month-old? <bot>: If your 9-month-old is like many babies at this age, he may be babbling away nonstop. Those babbles might sound almost like real sentences, although no one will understand them but your baby. However, you may start to recognize a couple of real words, such as “ Mama,” “ Dada,” or “hi.” Your baby's understanding of language is improving, too. If you ask, “ Where's the ball?” your baby may go pick up a ball. Or you might ask, “ Where's the cow?" and he may point to a picture of a cow. In the brief pauses between babbles your baby is becoming a good listener and reader of body language. You may notice that your baby brings you a favorite toy to see you smile in response. Some babies are effective comedians, even at this young age. They'll blow bubbles and make funny sounds, just to elicit a laugh from the grown-ups around them. At other times, your baby will be a lot less happy -- especially when you're about to leave the room. Separation anxiety is starting to be an issue at this age and so is stranger anxiety. Your baby may express a fear of people and things that never bothered him before. For instance, he may suddenly start crying whenever grandma comes to visit or the lights go out at bedtime. This is because your baby's awareness and memory are improving. For the same reason, you'll probably see a few tears when you try to take something away from him. The good news is that 9-month-old babies are easily distracted and the tears shouldn't last long.,context: Three-quarters of the way through your baby's first year and there is hardly a trace of that tiny bundle you brought home from the hospital just nine months ago. Now your baby is a mobile, vocal, and very enterprising adventurer. In this portion of Web MD's month-by-month guide, you'll discover what baby milestones you can expect your child to achieve when she's 9 months old. At nine months, your baby has likely become an expert crawler. Some babies are such crawling pros they can hold a toy in one hand while they propel themselves using the other hand and their two knees. Some can even crawl up and down stairs with ease. Just make sure you keep the gate closed unless you're there to supervise the climbing. At nine months, babies are also becoming experts at quickly changing position. They can push up to a crawl position, sit back down, and pivot to pick up a toy. Your little one may even be able to pull to a stand, and may soon start cruising around the room while holding onto furniture. Although those tiny baby shoes might look enticing on the store shelves, you don't need to invest in shoes until your baby actually starts to walk or is spending lots of time outdoors. For now, barefoot is best when indoors. Standing and walking in bare feet helps him develop the muscles and tendons in his feet. It's also easier to grip the floor in bare feet. When it gets cold outside, socks with non-skid bottoms will keep your baby's feet warm. In addition to getting ready for walking, 9-month-old babies are also improving their fine motor skills. With their pincer grasp, they're able to pick up smaller toys, and they can better coordinate the movement of both hands. These little sleuths will use their newfound motor skills to try to figure out how everything works -- which peg fits in the round hole, how cups fit inside one another, and which end of the toy telephone goes over their ear. Just make sure the toys they are playing with aren't a choking hazard. Remember that each baby's motor skills develop differently. Some children spend very little time in a developmental phase or may skip over a phase altogether. Talk to your child's pediatrician if you have any concerns, such as your baby not crawling by this age. Your baby's first year is a crucial time for brain development. Trillions of tiny connections are forming that will create the foundation for a lifetime of learning. You can accelerate baby's brain growth by providing a stimulating environment. But you don't need to invest in a series of expensive videos or teaching tools to nurture a smart baby. No DVD can ever replace the value of human interaction. Reading, singing, and talking to your baby every day are the best ways to bolster brain development. And remember, your child doesn't need to start reading at nine months to be a smart baby -- he just needs to learn and explore new things every day. If your 9-month-old is like many babies at this age, he may be babbling away nonstop. Those babbles might sound almost like real sentences, although no one will understand them but your baby. However, you may start to recognize a couple of real words, such as “ Mama,” “ Dada,” or “hi.” Your baby's understanding of language is improving, too. If you ask, “ Where's the ball?” your baby may go pick up a ball. Or you might ask, “ Where's the cow?" and he may point to a picture of a cow. In the brief pauses between babbles your baby is becoming a good listener and reader of body language. You may notice that your baby brings you a favorite toy to see you smile in response. Some babies are effective comedians, even at this young age. They'll blow bubbles and make funny sounds, just to elicit a laugh from the grown-ups around them. At other times, your baby will be a lot less happy -- especially when you're about to leave the room. Separation anxiety is starting to be an issue at this age and so is stranger anxiety. Your baby may express a fear of people and things that never bothered him before. For instance, he may suddenly start crying whenever grandma comes to visit or the lights go out at bedtime. This is because your baby's awareness and memory are improving. For the same reason, you'll probably see a few tears when you try to take something away from him. The good news is that 9-month-old babies are easily distracted and the tears shouldn't last long. Your 9-month-old is eager to move around. Give him plenty of opportunities to crawl, stand, and cruise -- with you nearby to supervise, of course. Nine months isn't too young to start setting limits. Your baby should understand the word “no” or a similar means of communication by now. Use it whenever your little one is about to do something he should not do. Hold your baby's hands and walk around the room together so he can practice getting around on two feet., Three-quarters of the way through your baby's first year and there is hardly a trace of that tiny bundle you brought home from the hospital just nine months ago.Now your baby is a mobile, vocal, and very enterprising adventurer.In this portion of Web MD's month-by-month guide, you'll discover what baby milestones you can expect your child to achieve when she's 9 months old.At nine months, your baby has likely become an expert crawler.Some babies are such crawling pros they can hold a toy in one hand while they propel themselves using the other hand and their two knees.Some can even crawl up and down stairs with ease.Just make sure you keep the gate closed unless you're there to supervise the climbing.At nine months, babies are also becoming experts at quickly changing position.They can push up to a crawl position, sit back down, and pivot to pick up a toy.Your little one may even be able to pull to a stand, and may soon start cruising around the room while holding onto furniture.Although those tiny baby shoes might look enticing on the store shelves, you don't need to invest in shoes until your baby actually starts to walk or is spending lots of time outdoors.For now, barefoot is best when indoors.Standing and walking in bare feet helps him develop the muscles and tendons in his feet.It's also easier to grip the floor in bare feet.When it gets cold outside, socks with non-skid bottoms will keep your baby's feet warm.In addition to getting ready for walking, 9-month-old babies are also improving their fine motor skills.With their pincer grasp, they're able to pick up smaller toys, and they can better coordinate the movement of both hands.These little sleuths will use their newfound motor skills to try to figure out how everything works -- which peg fits in the round hole, how cups fit inside one another, and which end of the toy telephone goes over their ear.Just make sure the toys they are playing with aren't a choking hazard.Remember that each baby's motor skills develop differently.Some children spend very little time in a developmental phase or may skip over a phase altogether.Talk to your child's pediatrician if you have any concerns, such as your baby not crawling by this age.Your baby's first year is a crucial time for brain development.Trillions of tiny connections are forming that will create the foundation for a lifetime of learning.You can accelerate baby's brain growth by providing a stimulating environment.But you don't need to invest in a series of expensive videos or teaching tools to nurture a smart baby.No DVD can ever replace the value of human interaction.Reading, singing, and talking to your baby every day are the best ways to bolster brain development.And remember, your child doesn't need to start reading at nine months to be a smart baby -- he just needs to learn and explore new things every day.If your 9-month-old is like many babies at this age, he may be babbling away nonstop.Those babbles might sound almost like real sentences, although no one will understand them but your baby.However, you may start to recognize a couple of real words, such as “ Mama,” “ Dada,” or “hi.” Your baby's understanding of language is improving, too.If you ask, “ Where's the ball?” your baby may go pick up a ball.Or you might ask, “ Where's the cow?"and he may point to a picture of a cow.In the brief pauses between babbles your baby is becoming a good listener and reader of body language.You may notice that your baby brings you a favorite toy to see you smile in response.Some babies are effective comedians, even at this young age.They'll blow bubbles and make funny sounds, just to elicit a laugh from the grown-ups around them.At other times, your baby will be a lot less happy -- especially when you're about to leave the room.Separation anxiety is starting to be an issue at this age and so is stranger anxiety.Your baby may express a fear of people and things that never bothered him before.For instance, he may suddenly start crying whenever grandma comes to visit or the lights go out at bedtime.This is because your baby's awareness and memory are improving.For the same reason, you'll probably see a few tears when you try to take something away from him.The good news is that 9-month-old babies are easily distracted and the tears shouldn't last long.Your 9-month-old is eager to move around.Give him plenty of opportunities to crawl, stand, and cruise -- with you nearby to supervise, of course.Nine months isn't too young to start setting limits.Your baby should understand the word “no” or a similar means of communication by now.Use it whenever your little one is about to do something he should not do.Hold your baby's hands and walk around the room together so he can practice getting around on two feet.

<human>: What motor skills milestones should you expect in your 9-month-old? <bot>: At nine months, your baby has likely become an expert crawler. Some can even crawl up and down stairs with ease. At nine months, babies are also becoming experts at quickly changing position. They can push up to a crawl position, sit back down, and pivot to pick up a toy. Your little one may even be able to pull to a stand, and may soon start cruising around the room while holding onto furniture. In addition to getting ready for walking, 9-month-old babies are also improving their fine motor skills. With their pincer grasp, they're able to pick up smaller toys, and they can better coordinate the movement of both hands. These little sleuths will use their newfound motor skills to try to figure out how everything works -- which peg fits in the round hole, how cups fit inside one another, and which end of the toy telephone goes over their ear. Remember that each baby's motor skills develop differently.,context: Three-quarters of the way through your baby's first year and there is hardly a trace of that tiny bundle you brought home from the hospital just nine months ago. Now your baby is a mobile, vocal, and very enterprising adventurer. In this portion of Web MD's month-by-month guide, you'll discover what baby milestones you can expect your child to achieve when she's 9 months old. At nine months, your baby has likely become an expert crawler. Some babies are such crawling pros they can hold a toy in one hand while they propel themselves using the other hand and their two knees. Some can even crawl up and down stairs with ease. Just make sure you keep the gate closed unless you're there to supervise the climbing. At nine months, babies are also becoming experts at quickly changing position. They can push up to a crawl position, sit back down, and pivot to pick up a toy. Your little one may even be able to pull to a stand, and may soon start cruising around the room while holding onto furniture. Although those tiny baby shoes might look enticing on the store shelves, you don't need to invest in shoes until your baby actually starts to walk or is spending lots of time outdoors. For now, barefoot is best when indoors. Standing and walking in bare feet helps him develop the muscles and tendons in his feet. It's also easier to grip the floor in bare feet. When it gets cold outside, socks with non-skid bottoms will keep your baby's feet warm. In addition to getting ready for walking, 9-month-old babies are also improving their fine motor skills. With their pincer grasp, they're able to pick up smaller toys, and they can better coordinate the movement of both hands. These little sleuths will use their newfound motor skills to try to figure out how everything works -- which peg fits in the round hole, how cups fit inside one another, and which end of the toy telephone goes over their ear. Just make sure the toys they are playing with aren't a choking hazard. Remember that each baby's motor skills develop differently. Some children spend very little time in a developmental phase or may skip over a phase altogether. Talk to your child's pediatrician if you have any concerns, such as your baby not crawling by this age. Your baby's first year is a crucial time for brain development. Trillions of tiny connections are forming that will create the foundation for a lifetime of learning. You can accelerate baby's brain growth by providing a stimulating environment. But you don't need to invest in a series of expensive videos or teaching tools to nurture a smart baby. No DVD can ever replace the value of human interaction. Reading, singing, and talking to your baby every day are the best ways to bolster brain development. And remember, your child doesn't need to start reading at nine months to be a smart baby -- he just needs to learn and explore new things every day. If your 9-month-old is like many babies at this age, he may be babbling away nonstop. Those babbles might sound almost like real sentences, although no one will understand them but your baby. However, you may start to recognize a couple of real words, such as “ Mama,” “ Dada,” or “hi.” Your baby's understanding of language is improving, too. If you ask, “ Where's the ball?” your baby may go pick up a ball. Or you might ask, “ Where's the cow?" and he may point to a picture of a cow. In the brief pauses between babbles your baby is becoming a good listener and reader of body language. You may notice that your baby brings you a favorite toy to see you smile in response. Some babies are effective comedians, even at this young age. They'll blow bubbles and make funny sounds, just to elicit a laugh from the grown-ups around them. At other times, your baby will be a lot less happy -- especially when you're about to leave the room. Separation anxiety is starting to be an issue at this age and so is stranger anxiety. Your baby may express a fear of people and things that never bothered him before. For instance, he may suddenly start crying whenever grandma comes to visit or the lights go out at bedtime. This is because your baby's awareness and memory are improving. For the same reason, you'll probably see a few tears when you try to take something away from him. The good news is that 9-month-old babies are easily distracted and the tears shouldn't last long. Your 9-month-old is eager to move around. Give him plenty of opportunities to crawl, stand, and cruise -- with you nearby to supervise, of course. Nine months isn't too young to start setting limits. Your baby should understand the word “no” or a similar means of communication by now. Use it whenever your little one is about to do something he should not do. Hold your baby's hands and walk around the room together so he can practice getting around on two feet., Three-quarters of the way through your baby's first year and there is hardly a trace of that tiny bundle you brought home from the hospital just nine months ago.Now your baby is a mobile, vocal, and very enterprising adventurer.In this portion of Web MD's month-by-month guide, you'll discover what baby milestones you can expect your child to achieve when she's 9 months old.At nine months, your baby has likely become an expert crawler.Some babies are such crawling pros they can hold a toy in one hand while they propel themselves using the other hand and their two knees.Some can even crawl up and down stairs with ease.Just make sure you keep the gate closed unless you're there to supervise the climbing.At nine months, babies are also becoming experts at quickly changing position.They can push up to a crawl position, sit back down, and pivot to pick up a toy.Your little one may even be able to pull to a stand, and may soon start cruising around the room while holding onto furniture.Although those tiny baby shoes might look enticing on the store shelves, you don't need to invest in shoes until your baby actually starts to walk or is spending lots of time outdoors.For now, barefoot is best when indoors.Standing and walking in bare feet helps him develop the muscles and tendons in his feet.It's also easier to grip the floor in bare feet.When it gets cold outside, socks with non-skid bottoms will keep your baby's feet warm.In addition to getting ready for walking, 9-month-old babies are also improving their fine motor skills.With their pincer grasp, they're able to pick up smaller toys, and they can better coordinate the movement of both hands.These little sleuths will use their newfound motor skills to try to figure out how everything works -- which peg fits in the round hole, how cups fit inside one another, and which end of the toy telephone goes over their ear.Just make sure the toys they are playing with aren't a choking hazard.Remember that each baby's motor skills develop differently.Some children spend very little time in a developmental phase or may skip over a phase altogether.Talk to your child's pediatrician if you have any concerns, such as your baby not crawling by this age.Your baby's first year is a crucial time for brain development.Trillions of tiny connections are forming that will create the foundation for a lifetime of learning.You can accelerate baby's brain growth by providing a stimulating environment.But you don't need to invest in a series of expensive videos or teaching tools to nurture a smart baby.No DVD can ever replace the value of human interaction.Reading, singing, and talking to your baby every day are the best ways to bolster brain development.And remember, your child doesn't need to start reading at nine months to be a smart baby -- he just needs to learn and explore new things every day.If your 9-month-old is like many babies at this age, he may be babbling away nonstop.Those babbles might sound almost like real sentences, although no one will understand them but your baby.However, you may start to recognize a couple of real words, such as “ Mama,” “ Dada,” or “hi.” Your baby's understanding of language is improving, too.If you ask, “ Where's the ball?” your baby may go pick up a ball.Or you might ask, “ Where's the cow?"and he may point to a picture of a cow.In the brief pauses between babbles your baby is becoming a good listener and reader of body language.You may notice that your baby brings you a favorite toy to see you smile in response.Some babies are effective comedians, even at this young age.They'll blow bubbles and make funny sounds, just to elicit a laugh from the grown-ups around them.At other times, your baby will be a lot less happy -- especially when you're about to leave the room.Separation anxiety is starting to be an issue at this age and so is stranger anxiety.Your baby may express a fear of people and things that never bothered him before.For instance, he may suddenly start crying whenever grandma comes to visit or the lights go out at bedtime.This is because your baby's awareness and memory are improving.For the same reason, you'll probably see a few tears when you try to take something away from him.The good news is that 9-month-old babies are easily distracted and the tears shouldn't last long.Your 9-month-old is eager to move around.Give him plenty of opportunities to crawl, stand, and cruise -- with you nearby to supervise, of course.Nine months isn't too young to start setting limits.Your baby should understand the word “no” or a similar means of communication by now.Use it whenever your little one is about to do something he should not do.Hold your baby's hands and walk around the room together so he can practice getting around on two feet.

<human>: What are symptoms of hammertoes? <bot>: The most common complaint with hammertoes is rubbing and irritation on the top of the bent toe.,context:A thorough medical exam will tell whether you have a hammertoe. Usually, an X-ray is part of this exam to assess the extent of the deformity. A hammertoe occurs from a muscle and ligament imbalance around the toe joint that causes the middle toe joint to bend and become stuck in this position. The most common complaint with hammertoes is rubbing and irritation on the top of the bent toe. You should see a doctor if you have a hammertoe. In the meantime, there are steps you can take to relieve the pain and discomfort: Wear only shoes that are high and broad across the toes, called a wide toe-box shoe. There should be at least one-half inch of space between your longest toe and the tip of the shoe. Keep in mind that this could be either a big toe or second toe. Don't wear heels higher than 2 inches. Wear the appropriate shoe for the activity you are doing. You can buy non-medicated hammertoe pads. They fit around the pointy top of the toe joint and help relieve painful pressure. Some brands have a gel lining that can prevent irritation of the toe by the shoe. Gently massaging the toe may help relieve pain. Put ice packs on the hammertoe to reduce painful swelling. There are several treatment options that vary according to how severe the hammertoe: Wear good-fitting shoes; this does not necessarily mean expensive shoes. Padding any prominent areas around the bony point of the toe may help to relieve pain. Drugs that reduce inflammation can ease the pain and swelling. Sometimes, a doctor will use cortisone injections to relieve acute pain. An orthotist or qualified medical provider such as a podiatrist may also custom-make an insert to wear inside your shoe. This can reduce pain and keep the hammertoe from getting worse. Over-the-counter metatarsal pads that are properly placed may help. The doctor may recommend foot exercises to help restore muscle balance. Splinting the toe may help in the very early stages. When the hammertoes are not resolved with the above methods, surgery may be needed. Often this can be done in a surgery center without the need for hospitalization. There are several surgical techniques used to treat hammertoes. When the problem is less severe, the doctor will remove a small piece of bone at the involved joint and realign the toe joint. More severe hammertoes may mean more complicated surgery.,A thorough medical exam will tell whether you have a hammertoe.Usually, an X-ray is part of this exam to assess the extent of the deformity.A hammertoe occurs from a muscle and ligament imbalance around the toe joint that causes the middle toe joint to bend and become stuck in this position.The most common complaint with hammertoes is rubbing and irritation on the top of the bent toe.You should see a doctor if you have a hammertoe.In the meantime, there are steps you can take to relieve the pain and discomfort: Wear only shoes that are high and broad across the toes, called a wide toe-box shoe.There should be at least one-half inch of space between your longest toe and the tip of the shoe.Keep in mind that this could be either a big toe or second toe.Don't wear heels higher than 2 inches.Wear the appropriate shoe for the activity you are doing.You can buy non-medicated hammertoe pads.They fit around the pointy top of the toe joint and help relieve painful pressure.Some brands have a gel lining that can prevent irritation of the toe by the shoe.Gently massaging the toe may help relieve pain.Put ice packs on the hammertoe to reduce painful swelling.There are several treatment options that vary according to how severe the hammertoe: Wear good-fitting shoes; this does not necessarily mean expensive shoes.Padding any prominent areas around the bony point of the toe may help to relieve pain.Drugs that reduce inflammation can ease the pain and swelling.Sometimes, a doctor will use cortisone injections to relieve acute pain.An orthotist or qualified medical provider such as a podiatrist may also custom-make an insert to wear inside your shoe.This can reduce pain and keep the hammertoe from getting worse.Over-the-counter metatarsal pads that are properly placed may help.The doctor may recommend foot exercises to help restore muscle balance.Splinting the toe may help in the very early stages.When the hammertoes are not resolved with the above methods, surgery may be needed.Often this can be done in a surgery center without the need for hospitalization.There are several surgical techniques used to treat hammertoes.When the problem is less severe, the doctor will remove a small piece of bone at the involved joint and realign the toe joint.More severe hammertoes may mean more complicated surgery.

<human>: How do I know if I have hammertoes? <bot>: Usually, an X-ray is part of this exam to assess the extent of the deformity. You should see a doctor if you have a hammertoe.,context:A thorough medical exam will tell whether you have a hammertoe. Usually, an X-ray is part of this exam to assess the extent of the deformity. A hammertoe occurs from a muscle and ligament imbalance around the toe joint that causes the middle toe joint to bend and become stuck in this position. The most common complaint with hammertoes is rubbing and irritation on the top of the bent toe. You should see a doctor if you have a hammertoe. In the meantime, there are steps you can take to relieve the pain and discomfort: Wear only shoes that are high and broad across the toes, called a wide toe-box shoe. There should be at least one-half inch of space between your longest toe and the tip of the shoe. Keep in mind that this could be either a big toe or second toe. Don't wear heels higher than 2 inches. Wear the appropriate shoe for the activity you are doing. You can buy non-medicated hammertoe pads. They fit around the pointy top of the toe joint and help relieve painful pressure. Some brands have a gel lining that can prevent irritation of the toe by the shoe. Gently massaging the toe may help relieve pain. Put ice packs on the hammertoe to reduce painful swelling. There are several treatment options that vary according to how severe the hammertoe: Wear good-fitting shoes; this does not necessarily mean expensive shoes. Padding any prominent areas around the bony point of the toe may help to relieve pain. Drugs that reduce inflammation can ease the pain and swelling. Sometimes, a doctor will use cortisone injections to relieve acute pain. An orthotist or qualified medical provider such as a podiatrist may also custom-make an insert to wear inside your shoe. This can reduce pain and keep the hammertoe from getting worse. Over-the-counter metatarsal pads that are properly placed may help. The doctor may recommend foot exercises to help restore muscle balance. Splinting the toe may help in the very early stages. When the hammertoes are not resolved with the above methods, surgery may be needed. Often this can be done in a surgery center without the need for hospitalization. There are several surgical techniques used to treat hammertoes. When the problem is less severe, the doctor will remove a small piece of bone at the involved joint and realign the toe joint. More severe hammertoes may mean more complicated surgery.,A thorough medical exam will tell whether you have a hammertoe.Usually, an X-ray is part of this exam to assess the extent of the deformity.A hammertoe occurs from a muscle and ligament imbalance around the toe joint that causes the middle toe joint to bend and become stuck in this position.The most common complaint with hammertoes is rubbing and irritation on the top of the bent toe.You should see a doctor if you have a hammertoe.In the meantime, there are steps you can take to relieve the pain and discomfort: Wear only shoes that are high and broad across the toes, called a wide toe-box shoe.There should be at least one-half inch of space between your longest toe and the tip of the shoe.Keep in mind that this could be either a big toe or second toe.Don't wear heels higher than 2 inches.Wear the appropriate shoe for the activity you are doing.You can buy non-medicated hammertoe pads.They fit around the pointy top of the toe joint and help relieve painful pressure.Some brands have a gel lining that can prevent irritation of the toe by the shoe.Gently massaging the toe may help relieve pain.Put ice packs on the hammertoe to reduce painful swelling.There are several treatment options that vary according to how severe the hammertoe: Wear good-fitting shoes; this does not necessarily mean expensive shoes.Padding any prominent areas around the bony point of the toe may help to relieve pain.Drugs that reduce inflammation can ease the pain and swelling.Sometimes, a doctor will use cortisone injections to relieve acute pain.An orthotist or qualified medical provider such as a podiatrist may also custom-make an insert to wear inside your shoe.This can reduce pain and keep the hammertoe from getting worse.Over-the-counter metatarsal pads that are properly placed may help.The doctor may recommend foot exercises to help restore muscle balance.Splinting the toe may help in the very early stages.When the hammertoes are not resolved with the above methods, surgery may be needed.Often this can be done in a surgery center without the need for hospitalization.There are several surgical techniques used to treat hammertoes.When the problem is less severe, the doctor will remove a small piece of bone at the involved joint and realign the toe joint.More severe hammertoes may mean more complicated surgery.

<human>: How can I treat my hammertoes? <bot>: In the meantime, there are steps you can take to relieve the pain and discomfort: Wear only shoes that are high and broad across the toes, called a wide toe-box shoe. There should be at least one-half inch of space between your longest toe and the tip of the shoe. Don't wear heels higher than 2 inches. Wear the appropriate shoe for the activity you are doing. You can buy non-medicated hammertoe pads. Some brands have a gel lining that can prevent irritation of the toe by the shoe. Gently massaging the toe may help relieve pain. Put ice packs on the hammertoe to reduce painful swelling.,context:A thorough medical exam will tell whether you have a hammertoe. Usually, an X-ray is part of this exam to assess the extent of the deformity. A hammertoe occurs from a muscle and ligament imbalance around the toe joint that causes the middle toe joint to bend and become stuck in this position. The most common complaint with hammertoes is rubbing and irritation on the top of the bent toe. You should see a doctor if you have a hammertoe. In the meantime, there are steps you can take to relieve the pain and discomfort: Wear only shoes that are high and broad across the toes, called a wide toe-box shoe. There should be at least one-half inch of space between your longest toe and the tip of the shoe. Keep in mind that this could be either a big toe or second toe. Don't wear heels higher than 2 inches. Wear the appropriate shoe for the activity you are doing. You can buy non-medicated hammertoe pads. They fit around the pointy top of the toe joint and help relieve painful pressure. Some brands have a gel lining that can prevent irritation of the toe by the shoe. Gently massaging the toe may help relieve pain. Put ice packs on the hammertoe to reduce painful swelling. There are several treatment options that vary according to how severe the hammertoe: Wear good-fitting shoes; this does not necessarily mean expensive shoes. Padding any prominent areas around the bony point of the toe may help to relieve pain. Drugs that reduce inflammation can ease the pain and swelling. Sometimes, a doctor will use cortisone injections to relieve acute pain. An orthotist or qualified medical provider such as a podiatrist may also custom-make an insert to wear inside your shoe. This can reduce pain and keep the hammertoe from getting worse. Over-the-counter metatarsal pads that are properly placed may help. The doctor may recommend foot exercises to help restore muscle balance. Splinting the toe may help in the very early stages. When the hammertoes are not resolved with the above methods, surgery may be needed. Often this can be done in a surgery center without the need for hospitalization. There are several surgical techniques used to treat hammertoes. When the problem is less severe, the doctor will remove a small piece of bone at the involved joint and realign the toe joint. More severe hammertoes may mean more complicated surgery.,A thorough medical exam will tell whether you have a hammertoe.Usually, an X-ray is part of this exam to assess the extent of the deformity.A hammertoe occurs from a muscle and ligament imbalance around the toe joint that causes the middle toe joint to bend and become stuck in this position.The most common complaint with hammertoes is rubbing and irritation on the top of the bent toe.You should see a doctor if you have a hammertoe.In the meantime, there are steps you can take to relieve the pain and discomfort: Wear only shoes that are high and broad across the toes, called a wide toe-box shoe.There should be at least one-half inch of space between your longest toe and the tip of the shoe.Keep in mind that this could be either a big toe or second toe.Don't wear heels higher than 2 inches.Wear the appropriate shoe for the activity you are doing.You can buy non-medicated hammertoe pads.They fit around the pointy top of the toe joint and help relieve painful pressure.Some brands have a gel lining that can prevent irritation of the toe by the shoe.Gently massaging the toe may help relieve pain.Put ice packs on the hammertoe to reduce painful swelling.There are several treatment options that vary according to how severe the hammertoe: Wear good-fitting shoes; this does not necessarily mean expensive shoes.Padding any prominent areas around the bony point of the toe may help to relieve pain.Drugs that reduce inflammation can ease the pain and swelling.Sometimes, a doctor will use cortisone injections to relieve acute pain.An orthotist or qualified medical provider such as a podiatrist may also custom-make an insert to wear inside your shoe.This can reduce pain and keep the hammertoe from getting worse.Over-the-counter metatarsal pads that are properly placed may help.The doctor may recommend foot exercises to help restore muscle balance.Splinting the toe may help in the very early stages.When the hammertoes are not resolved with the above methods, surgery may be needed.Often this can be done in a surgery center without the need for hospitalization.There are several surgical techniques used to treat hammertoes.When the problem is less severe, the doctor will remove a small piece of bone at the involved joint and realign the toe joint.More severe hammertoes may mean more complicated surgery.

<human>: What are common causes of constipation? <bot>: The most common causes of constipation are pretty easy to remedy, including: Too little fiber in your diet -- eat more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains A lack of fluids -- drink more water and less liquids that contain caffeine (which can be constipating), such as soda and coffee Too little exercise -- increase the amount of physical activity you do each day Ignoring the urge to go to the bathroom -- schedule a specific time to go each day The use of certain medicines, such as antacids, blood pressure medicines, pain relievers, antidepressants, iron supplements, and anticonvulsants; talk to your doctor about switching to a different medicine.,context:Just about everyone has trouble going to the bathroom at some point. If you're not having bowel movements as often as you used to, usually it's no cause for worry. Often, constipation will go away on its own within a few days or get better after you use laxatives or another constipation treatment. But what if constipation doesn't go away and becomes a daily problem? When should you stop treating it yourself and call a doctor for help? Typically, you become constipated when there either isn't enough water in your stool to soften and move it through your intestines, or the muscle contractions in your intestines are too slow to push the stool through and out of your body. The most common causes of constipation are pretty easy to remedy, including: Too little fiber in your diet -- eat more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains A lack of fluids -- drink more water and less liquids that contain caffeine (which can be constipating), such as soda and coffee Too little exercise -- increase the amount of physical activity you do each day Ignoring the urge to go to the bathroom -- schedule a specific time to go each day The use of certain medicines, such as antacids, blood pressure medicines, pain relievers, antidepressants, iron supplements, and anticonvulsants; talk to your doctor about switching to a different medicine. Sometimes, constipation is a sign of a disease or physical problem in the gastrointestinal tract. Conditions such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, stroke, diabetes, thyroid disease, and lupus can all make you constipated. Irritable bowel syndrome is a collection of gastrointestinal symptoms that includes constipation. A less common possibility is that you have a physical problem in your intestines, such as a blockage or tumor, that's preventing the stool from passing through. When constipation lingers for three weeks or more, get a check-up just to make sure a medical condition isn't causing the problem. Also see your doctor if: You've never been constipated before now You have stomach pain You've noticed blood in your stools You're losing weight without trying Don't let constipation go unchecked for too long. When untreated, constipation can lead to unpleasant complications such as hemorrhoids and rectal prolapse, a condition in which part of the intestine pushes out through the anus from too much straining. Your doctor will probably ask for a medical history. He or she will ask questions about your constipation, including: When your constipation started How often you normally have bowel movements The consistency of your stools and whether you have to strain during bowel movements Whether you've noticed blood in your stools What other constipation symptoms you're experiencing (abdominal pain, vomiting, unexplained weight loss) What, if anything, seems to relieve your constipation or make it worse Your eating habits Your family and personal history of colon cancer or digestive problems such as irritable bowel syndrome What medicines you're taking These questions may sound personal, but they're the only way your doctor can learn why you're constipated and find the best constipation treatment for you. Don't be embarrassed or afraid to also ask your doctor questions, such as: How often should I go to the bathroom? How much fluid should I drink each day? How much fiber do I need to eat? Which type of laxative will help my constipation while causing the fewest side effects? How soon should my constipation improve? Do I need to see a gastroenterologist? When should I make an appointment to see you again? During the exam, the doctor may insert a gloved, lubricated finger into your anus to check for a blockage or signs of blood. You may also have tests to rule out conditions that can cause constipation. Sometimes, your doctor may recommend that you have tests such as a barium enema X-ray, sigmoidoscopy, or colonoscopy. These diagnostic tests allow your doctor to look for problems in your intestines, colon, and rectum. Once the cause of your constipation has been determined, your doctor will discuss treatments with you. Common constipation treatments include adding more fiber to your diet and taking laxatives. Stay in touch with your doctor while following your constipation treatment. You may need to switch treatments if one isn't working. It's possible to become dependent on laxatives and need them to have a bowel movement. In that case, your doctor may have to wean you off laxatives to get your system back to normal.,Just about everyone has trouble going to the bathroom at some point.If you're not having bowel movements as often as you used to, usually it's no cause for worry.Often, constipation will go away on its own within a few days or get better after you use laxatives or another constipation treatment.But what if constipation doesn't go away and becomes a daily problem?When should you stop treating it yourself and call a doctor for help?Typically, you become constipated when there either isn't enough water in your stool to soften and move it through your intestines, or the muscle contractions in your intestines are too slow to push the stool through and out of your body.The most common causes of constipation are pretty easy to remedy, including: Too little fiber in your diet -- eat more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains A lack of fluids -- drink more water and less liquids that contain caffeine (which can be constipating), such as soda and coffee Too little exercise -- increase the amount of physical activity you do each day Ignoring the urge to go to the bathroom -- schedule a specific time to go each day The use of certain medicines, such as antacids, blood pressure medicines, pain relievers, antidepressants, iron supplements, and anticonvulsants; talk to your doctor about switching to a different medicine.Sometimes, constipation is a sign of a disease or physical problem in the gastrointestinal tract.Conditions such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, stroke, diabetes, thyroid disease, and lupus can all make you constipated.Irritable bowel syndrome is a collection of gastrointestinal symptoms that includes constipation.A less common possibility is that you have a physical problem in your intestines, such as a blockage or tumor, that's preventing the stool from passing through.When constipation lingers for three weeks or more, get a check-up just to make sure a medical condition isn't causing the problem.Also see your doctor if: You've never been constipated before now You have stomach pain You've noticed blood in your stools You're losing weight without trying Don't let constipation go unchecked for too long.When untreated, constipation can lead to unpleasant complications such as hemorrhoids and rectal prolapse, a condition in which part of the intestine pushes out through the anus from too much straining.Your doctor will probably ask for a medical history.He or she will ask questions about your constipation, including: When your constipation started How often you normally have bowel movements The consistency of your stools and whether you have to strain during bowel movements Whether you've noticed blood in your stools What other constipation symptoms you're experiencing (abdominal pain, vomiting, unexplained weight loss) What, if anything, seems to relieve your constipation or make it worse Your eating habits Your family and personal history of colon cancer or digestive problems such as irritable bowel syndrome What medicines you're taking These questions may sound personal, but they're the only way your doctor can learn why you're constipated and find the best constipation treatment for you.Don't be embarrassed or afraid to also ask your doctor questions, such as: How often should I go to the bathroom?How much fluid should I drink each day?How much fiber do I need to eat?Which type of laxative will help my constipation while causing the fewest side effects?How soon should my constipation improve?Do I need to see a gastroenterologist?When should I make an appointment to see you again?During the exam, the doctor may insert a gloved, lubricated finger into your anus to check for a blockage or signs of blood.You may also have tests to rule out conditions that can cause constipation.Sometimes, your doctor may recommend that you have tests such as a barium enema X-ray, sigmoidoscopy, or colonoscopy.These diagnostic tests allow your doctor to look for problems in your intestines, colon, and rectum.Once the cause of your constipation has been determined, your doctor will discuss treatments with you.Common constipation treatments include adding more fiber to your diet and taking laxatives.Stay in touch with your doctor while following your constipation treatment.You may need to switch treatments if one isn't working.It's possible to become dependent on laxatives and need them to have a bowel movement.In that case, your doctor may have to wean you off laxatives to get your system back to normal.

<human>: What happens if constipation is untreated? <bot>: Also see your doctor if: You've never been constipated before now You have stomach pain You've noticed blood in your stools You're losing weight without trying Don't let constipation go unchecked for too long. When untreated, constipation can lead to unpleasant complications such as hemorrhoids and rectal prolapse, a condition in which part of the intestine pushes out through the anus from too much straining.,context:Just about everyone has trouble going to the bathroom at some point. If you're not having bowel movements as often as you used to, usually it's no cause for worry. Often, constipation will go away on its own within a few days or get better after you use laxatives or another constipation treatment. But what if constipation doesn't go away and becomes a daily problem? When should you stop treating it yourself and call a doctor for help? Typically, you become constipated when there either isn't enough water in your stool to soften and move it through your intestines, or the muscle contractions in your intestines are too slow to push the stool through and out of your body. The most common causes of constipation are pretty easy to remedy, including: Too little fiber in your diet -- eat more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains A lack of fluids -- drink more water and less liquids that contain caffeine (which can be constipating), such as soda and coffee Too little exercise -- increase the amount of physical activity you do each day Ignoring the urge to go to the bathroom -- schedule a specific time to go each day The use of certain medicines, such as antacids, blood pressure medicines, pain relievers, antidepressants, iron supplements, and anticonvulsants; talk to your doctor about switching to a different medicine. Sometimes, constipation is a sign of a disease or physical problem in the gastrointestinal tract. Conditions such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, stroke, diabetes, thyroid disease, and lupus can all make you constipated. Irritable bowel syndrome is a collection of gastrointestinal symptoms that includes constipation. A less common possibility is that you have a physical problem in your intestines, such as a blockage or tumor, that's preventing the stool from passing through. When constipation lingers for three weeks or more, get a check-up just to make sure a medical condition isn't causing the problem. Also see your doctor if: You've never been constipated before now You have stomach pain You've noticed blood in your stools You're losing weight without trying Don't let constipation go unchecked for too long. When untreated, constipation can lead to unpleasant complications such as hemorrhoids and rectal prolapse, a condition in which part of the intestine pushes out through the anus from too much straining. Your doctor will probably ask for a medical history. He or she will ask questions about your constipation, including: When your constipation started How often you normally have bowel movements The consistency of your stools and whether you have to strain during bowel movements Whether you've noticed blood in your stools What other constipation symptoms you're experiencing (abdominal pain, vomiting, unexplained weight loss) What, if anything, seems to relieve your constipation or make it worse Your eating habits Your family and personal history of colon cancer or digestive problems such as irritable bowel syndrome What medicines you're taking These questions may sound personal, but they're the only way your doctor can learn why you're constipated and find the best constipation treatment for you. Don't be embarrassed or afraid to also ask your doctor questions, such as: How often should I go to the bathroom? How much fluid should I drink each day? How much fiber do I need to eat? Which type of laxative will help my constipation while causing the fewest side effects? How soon should my constipation improve? Do I need to see a gastroenterologist? When should I make an appointment to see you again? During the exam, the doctor may insert a gloved, lubricated finger into your anus to check for a blockage or signs of blood. You may also have tests to rule out conditions that can cause constipation. Sometimes, your doctor may recommend that you have tests such as a barium enema X-ray, sigmoidoscopy, or colonoscopy. These diagnostic tests allow your doctor to look for problems in your intestines, colon, and rectum. Once the cause of your constipation has been determined, your doctor will discuss treatments with you. Common constipation treatments include adding more fiber to your diet and taking laxatives. Stay in touch with your doctor while following your constipation treatment. You may need to switch treatments if one isn't working. It's possible to become dependent on laxatives and need them to have a bowel movement. In that case, your doctor may have to wean you off laxatives to get your system back to normal.,Just about everyone has trouble going to the bathroom at some point.If you're not having bowel movements as often as you used to, usually it's no cause for worry.Often, constipation will go away on its own within a few days or get better after you use laxatives or another constipation treatment.But what if constipation doesn't go away and becomes a daily problem?When should you stop treating it yourself and call a doctor for help?Typically, you become constipated when there either isn't enough water in your stool to soften and move it through your intestines, or the muscle contractions in your intestines are too slow to push the stool through and out of your body.The most common causes of constipation are pretty easy to remedy, including: Too little fiber in your diet -- eat more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains A lack of fluids -- drink more water and less liquids that contain caffeine (which can be constipating), such as soda and coffee Too little exercise -- increase the amount of physical activity you do each day Ignoring the urge to go to the bathroom -- schedule a specific time to go each day The use of certain medicines, such as antacids, blood pressure medicines, pain relievers, antidepressants, iron supplements, and anticonvulsants; talk to your doctor about switching to a different medicine.Sometimes, constipation is a sign of a disease or physical problem in the gastrointestinal tract.Conditions such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, stroke, diabetes, thyroid disease, and lupus can all make you constipated.Irritable bowel syndrome is a collection of gastrointestinal symptoms that includes constipation.A less common possibility is that you have a physical problem in your intestines, such as a blockage or tumor, that's preventing the stool from passing through.When constipation lingers for three weeks or more, get a check-up just to make sure a medical condition isn't causing the problem.Also see your doctor if: You've never been constipated before now You have stomach pain You've noticed blood in your stools You're losing weight without trying Don't let constipation go unchecked for too long.When untreated, constipation can lead to unpleasant complications such as hemorrhoids and rectal prolapse, a condition in which part of the intestine pushes out through the anus from too much straining.Your doctor will probably ask for a medical history.He or she will ask questions about your constipation, including: When your constipation started How often you normally have bowel movements The consistency of your stools and whether you have to strain during bowel movements Whether you've noticed blood in your stools What other constipation symptoms you're experiencing (abdominal pain, vomiting, unexplained weight loss) What, if anything, seems to relieve your constipation or make it worse Your eating habits Your family and personal history of colon cancer or digestive problems such as irritable bowel syndrome What medicines you're taking These questions may sound personal, but they're the only way your doctor can learn why you're constipated and find the best constipation treatment for you.Don't be embarrassed or afraid to also ask your doctor questions, such as: How often should I go to the bathroom?How much fluid should I drink each day?How much fiber do I need to eat?Which type of laxative will help my constipation while causing the fewest side effects?How soon should my constipation improve?Do I need to see a gastroenterologist?When should I make an appointment to see you again?During the exam, the doctor may insert a gloved, lubricated finger into your anus to check for a blockage or signs of blood.You may also have tests to rule out conditions that can cause constipation.Sometimes, your doctor may recommend that you have tests such as a barium enema X-ray, sigmoidoscopy, or colonoscopy.These diagnostic tests allow your doctor to look for problems in your intestines, colon, and rectum.Once the cause of your constipation has been determined, your doctor will discuss treatments with you.Common constipation treatments include adding more fiber to your diet and taking laxatives.Stay in touch with your doctor while following your constipation treatment.You may need to switch treatments if one isn't working.It's possible to become dependent on laxatives and need them to have a bowel movement.In that case, your doctor may have to wean you off laxatives to get your system back to normal.