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[
"Maar kan het eigenlijk, dat een mens CO2 ziet met het blote oog? ",
"Toxicoloog Jan Tytgat is formeel: dat is onmogelijk. \"",
"Koolstofdioxide is een kleurloos en geurloos gas\", zegt hij. \"",
"Je kunt dat dus echt niet zien.\"",
"\n\n\n\nIn het dagelijkse leven is het gas zintuiglijk niet waarneembaar. \"",
"Je kunt het ten hoogste proeven, maar dan moet het in een zeer geconcentreerde vorm voorkomen en opgelost zijn in water. ",
"Het smaakt dan wat zurig\", zegt hij. \"",
"CO2 is constant aanwezig. ",
"Ook ons eigen lichaam produceert CO2. ",
"U en ik leven, wij verteren, ons organisme werkt en bij onze uitademing komt CO2 vrij. ",
"We gaan dat niet zien en niet proeven.\"",
"\n\n\"Je kunt CO2 wel meten met chemische technieken of omzetten in een onoplosbaar zout. ",
"In de scheikunde kan natuurlijk alles, maar in ons dagelijks leven is het zeker en vast zover nog niet.\""
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[
"Q:\n\niOS PRODUCT_NAME not the display and wrapper name\n\nFor my iOS app I am trying to have multiple build configurations so I can create development and production builds that target different servers, configurations etc.",
"\nIn Xcode I have created another build configuration and scheme to target this configuration. ",
"So I have the separate configuration/schemes as:\nDev version\n\nPRODUCT_NAME=MyApp-dev\nBUNDLE_IDENTIFIER=com.organisation.myapp-dev\n\nOriginal Version\n\nPRODUCT_NAME=MyApp\nBUNDLE_IDENTIFIER=com.organisation.myapp\n\nBoth configurations can be built with the different schemes. ",
"Both will run on the same device because of the different identifier, but the dev version still shows MyApp on the home screen. ",
"When looking in the build products, it produces a MyApp.app bundle with a target inside it of MyApp-dev.",
"\nIs there another setting to change the wrapper name from MyApp.app to MyApp-dev.app? ",
"And any other setting that may be preventing PRODUCT_NAME setting to be used in the app display name?",
"\nedit: In the info.plist file, both the CFBundleName and CFBundleDisplayName are set to $(PRODUCT_NAME)\nn.b. ",
"I have done this before with another app and all is working fine there, hence the query if another developer has changed a more targeted setting that overrides this change.",
"\n\nA:\n\nThere was a InfoPlist.strings file in the project that was overriding CFBundleDisplayName. ",
"I removed this definition from this file and all worked as desired.",
"\nThe project is not localised and so I never considered this override! ",
"Hopefully if someone else comes across this, remember settings in Info.plist can be overriden with localised strings in this file.",
"\n\n"
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"Francis Marion Stokes Fourplex\n\nThe Francis Marion Stokes Fourplex is a historic residential building located in the Northwest district of Portland, Oregon, United States.",
"\n\nArchitecture\nThe Fourplex is an example of Mediterranean Revival Style architecture. ",
"It is laid out on a rectangular plan with each floor divided into an east and a west apartment. ",
"The building is clad in smooth stucco typical of the Mediterranean style, and has a flat roof. ",
"The south elevation is symmetrical and features an enclosed entry porch having a pointed horseshoe arch in a Moorish style, decorated with wooden false beams.",
"\n\nAbove the entry porch is a rectangular salient holding a pair of arched windows divided by a spiraled-column mullion. ",
"The windows are inset in a deep blind arch. ",
"Both the porch and the salient have tiled pent roofs. ",
"Flanking the entry porch are large tri-partate windows surrounded by highly decorated frames; above each of these is a pair of blind arches with decorative ceramic tiles inset in tympanums. ",
"Each arch has a double hung window, one over, and a corbelled wrought-iron balconet. ",
"The east and west sides of the building have stuccoed balconies at the first and second floor, chimneys servicing both levels, and flanking windows. ",
"The north elevation (rear) is fairly plain, except for an interesting arrangement of windows and a rear door.",
"\n\nBuilding facts\nThe Francis Marion Stokes Fourplex is located at 2253 N.W. Pettygrove St, in the same block as historic Pettygrove House, a Victorian house built in 1892 and former home to Francis Pettygrove, the man who named Portland as a prize in a coin-toss.",
"\n\nThe Fourplex is located on a lot. ",
"Each of the two floors has of living space divided into two apartments per floor.",
"\n\nThe Architect\nFrancis Marion Stokes designed the building in 1926 for Esther Kuhn of Portland, Oregon. ",
"Stokes became owner of the building the same year and lived in it, in Unit #2, from 1929 until his death in 1975. ",
"Most of Stokes' work, which had a considerable influence on Portland's architecture, was completed during the 46 years that he lived in the Fourplex.",
"\n\nNational Register\n\nThe building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in February 1996. ",
"Prior to its listing on the Register, the Fourplex was also known as the Kuhn Apartments.",
"\n\nSee also\n The St. Johns Post Office (Portland, Oregon)\n Mission Revival Style architecture\n Architecture of Portland, Oregon\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Buildings and structures in Portland, Oregon\nCategory:Mediterranean Revival architecture in Oregon\nCategory:National Register of Historic Places in Portland, Oregon\nCategory:Apartment buildings in Portland, Oregon\nCategory:Residential buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Oregon\nCategory:Residential buildings completed in 1926\nCategory:1926 establishments in Oregon\nCategory:Northwest District, Portland, Oregon"
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"Enhanced thermotolerance for ethanol fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain by overexpression of the gene coding for trehalose-6-phosphate synthase.",
"\nThe effect of overexpression of the trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) synthase gene (TPS1) on ethanol fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been studied at 30 and 38°C. ",
"The activity of T6P synthase and the accumulation of trehalose during ethanol fermentation were significantly improved by overexpression of TPS1, and especially at 38°C. ",
"Ethanol produced by transformants with and without TPS1 gene overexpression at 38°C was approx. ",
"60 and 37 g/l, respectively. ",
"The fermentation efficiency of transformants with TPS1 gene overexpression at 38°C was similar to that at 30°C. ",
"The critical growth temperature was increased from 36 to 42°C by TPS1 gene overexpression. ",
"These results indicated that overexpression of the TPS1 gene had a beneficial effect on the fermentation capacity of the title yeast strain at high temperatures."
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"Q:\n\nCreate multiple PPT from Excel using VBA\n\nI want to create multiple PPT files using VBA.",
"\nConsider this case, PPT application has been opened.",
"\nWhen I run the macro, it should create a new PPT file but my macro appends slides on the open file.",
"\nHow to create a separate PPT file and do rest of things?",
"\nBelow is part of the code.",
"\nDim newPowerPoint As Object 'PowerPoint.",
"Application '\nDim activeSlide As Object 'PowerPoint.",
"Slide\nDim sht As Worksheet \n\nOn Error Resume Next\nSet newPowerPoint = CreateObject(\"PowerPoint.",
"Application\")\n'If newPowerPoint Is Nothing Then\n 'Set newPowerPoint = New PowerPoint.",
"Application\n'End If\n\nIf newPowerPoint.",
"Presentations.",
"Count = 0 Then\n newPowerPoint.",
"Presentations.",
"Add\nEnd If\n\n'Show the PowerPoint\nnewPowerPoint.",
"Visible = True\n\nFor Each sht In ActiveWorkbook.",
"Sheets \n newPowerPoint.",
"ActivePresentation.",
"Slides.",
"Add newPowerPoint.",
"ActivePresentation.",
"Slides.",
"Count + 1, ppLayoutText\n newPowerPoint.",
"ActiveWindow.",
"View.",
"GotoSlide newPowerPoint.",
"ActivePresentation.",
"Slides.",
"Count\n Set activeSlide = newPowerPoint.",
"ActivePresentation.",
"Slides(newPowerPoint.",
"ActivePresentation.",
"Slides.",
"Count)\n\n activeSlide.",
"Shapes(1).Delete\n activeSlide.",
"Shapes(1).Delete\n Range(\"A1:T32\").Select\n Selection.",
"Copy\n activeSlide.",
"Shapes.",
"PasteSpecial(DataType:=ppPasteEnhancedMetafile).Select\n\nA:\n\nYou don't want to create a new PPT application, what you need is a new PPT Presentation, and then add slides to that. ",
" Easiest way is to add a variable for the presentation (ie Dim PPPres As Powerpoint.",
"Presentation) and then add the new slides to that presentation\nEdit: Including a version of the code that I use for initializing PPT presentations:\nDim PPApp As PowerPoint.",
"Application\nDim PPPres As PowerPoint.",
"Presentation\nDim PPSlide As PowerPoint.",
"Slide\n\n'Open PPT if not running, otherwise select active instance\nOn Error Resume Next\nSet PPApp = GetObject(, \"PowerPoint.",
"Application\")\nIf PPApp Is Nothing Then\n 'Open PowerPoint\n Set PPApp = CreateObject(\"PowerPoint.",
"Application\")\n PPApp.",
"Visible = True\nEnd If\nOn Error GoTo ErrHandler\n\n'Generate new Presentation and slide for graphic creation\nSet PPPres = PPApp.",
"Presentations.",
"Add\nSet PPSlide = PPPres.",
"Slides.",
"Add(1, ppLayoutBlank)\nPPApp.",
"ActiveWindow.",
"ViewType = ppViewSlide\nPPPres.",
"PageSetup.",
"SlideSize = ppSlideSizeOnScreen\nPPApp.",
"ActiveWindow.",
"WindowState = ppWindowMaximized\n\n"
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[
"/* cloak client */\n/* global module,define,require */\n\n(function(global, factory) {\n\n if (typeof global.define === 'function' && global.define.amd) {\n define(['underscore', 'socket.io-client'], factory);\n } else if (typeof module === 'object' && module.exports) {\n module.exports = factory(\n require('underscore'), require('socket.io-client')\n );\n } else {\n global.cloak = factory(global._, ",
"global.io);\n }\n\n})(this, function(_, io) {\n\n var removeKey = function(val, key, obj) {\n delete obj[key];\n };\n\n var createCloak = function() {\n\n var uid;\n var socket;\n var events = {};\n var config = {};\n var timerEvents = {};\n var serverConfig;\n\n var cloak = {\n\n /**\n * Set configuration options for Cloak. ",
"These options will be applied\n * immediately if Cloak has already been started (see `cloak.run`), and\n * they will be referenced in all future calls to `clock.run` until\n * overwritten.",
"\n */\n configure: function(configArg) {\n\n // When specified, the `messages` option should trigger the complete\n // removal of any previously-bound message handlers.",
"\n if (socket && configArg.messages) {\n _(config.messages).forEach(function(handler, name, messageHandlers) {\n socket.removeListener('message-' + name);\n cloak._off('message-' + name, handler);\n });\n }\n\n _.extend(config, configArg);\n\n if (socket) {\n cloak._applyConfig(config);\n }\n },\n\n _applyConfig: function(toApply) {\n\n _(toApply.messages).forEach(function(handler, name) {\n socket.on('message-' + name, function(data) {\n cloak._trigger('message-' + name, data);\n });\n cloak._on('message-' + name, handler);\n });\n\n _(toApply.serverEvents).forEach(function(eventHandler, eventName) {\n cloak._on('cloak-' + eventName, eventHandler);\n });\n\n _.extend(timerEvents, toApply.timerEvents);\n },\n\n _on: function(event, handler) {\n if (events[event] === undefined) {\n events[event] = [];\n }\n events[event].push(handler);\n },\n\n _off: function(event, handler) {\n events[event] = _(events[event]).without(handler);\n },\n\n _trigger: function(event, arg) {\n if (events[event] !",
"== undefined) {\n _.forEach(events[event], function(handler) {\n handler(arg);\n });\n }\n },\n\n run: function(url, options) {\n\n if (options === undefined) {\n options = {};\n }\n\n var ioOptions = {\n 'force new connection': true\n };\n\n if (options.socketIo) {\n ioOptions = _.extend(ioOptions, options.socketIo);\n }\n\n socket = io.connect(url, ioOptions);\n\n socket.on('error', function(data) {\n cloak._trigger('cloak-error', data);\n });\n\n socket.on('connect_error', function(data) {\n cloak._trigger('cloak-error', 'Connect error');\n });\n\n socket.on('connect_timeout', function(data) {\n cloak._trigger('cloak-error', 'Connect timeout');\n });\n\n socket.on('connect', function() {\n if (uid === undefined) {\n socket.emit('cloak-begin', config.initialData || {});\n }\n else {\n socket.emit('cloak-resume', {uid: uid});\n }\n });\n\n socket.on('disconnect', function() {\n cloak._trigger('cloak-disconnect');\n });\n\n socket.on('connecting', function() {\n cloak._trigger('cloak-connecting');\n });\n\n socket.on('cloak-roomMemberJoined', function(user) {\n cloak._trigger('cloak-roomMemberJoined', user);\n });\n\n socket.on('cloak-roomMemberLeft', function(user) {\n cloak._trigger('cloak-roomMemberLeft', user);\n });\n\n socket.on('cloak-lobbyMemberJoined', function(user) {\n cloak._trigger('cloak-lobbyMemberJoined', user);\n });\n\n socket.on('cloak-lobbyMemberLeft', function(user) {\n cloak._trigger('cloak-lobbyMemberLeft', user);\n });\n\n socket.on('cloak-joinedRoom', function(room) {\n cloak._trigger('cloak-joinedRoom', room);\n });\n\n socket.on('cloak-leftRoom', function(room) {\n cloak._trigger('cloak-leftRoom', room);\n });\n\n socket.on('cloak-roomCreated', function(rooms) {\n cloak._trigger('cloak-roomCreated', rooms);\n });\n\n socket.on('cloak-roomDeleted', function(rooms) {\n cloak._trigger('cloak-roomDeleted', rooms);\n });\n\n socket.on('cloak-beginResponse', function(data) {\n uid = data.uid;\n serverConfig = data.config;\n cloak._trigger('cloak-begin');\n });\n\n socket.on('cloak-resumeResponse', function(data) {\n if (data.valid) {\n serverConfig = data.config;\n cloak._trigger('cloak-resume');\n }\n else {\n cloak._trigger('cloak-error', 'Could not resume.');",
"\n cloak.stop();\n }\n });\n\n socket.on('cloak-syncTimer', function(data) {\n var handler = timerEvents[data.name];\n if (handler !",
"== undefined) {\n var val = data.value;\n\n // compensate for network latency\n if (data.running && data.descending) {\n val -= new Date().getTime() - data.sent;\n }\n else if (data.running) {\n val += new Date().getTime() - data.sent;\n }\n\n handler(val);\n }\n });\n\n cloak._applyConfig(config);\n },\n\n stop: function() {\n this._disconnect();\n cloak._trigger('cloak-end');\n socket.removeAllListeners();\n _.forEach(events, removeKey);\n _.forEach(timerEvents, removeKey);\n socket = null;\n uid = undefined;\n },\n\n _disconnect: function() {\n socket.disconnect();\n },\n\n _connect: function() {\n socket.socket.connect();\n },\n\n connected: function() {\n return socket && socket.socket.connected;\n },\n\n currentUser: function() {\n return uid;\n },\n\n message: function(name, arg) {\n if (this.connected()) {\n socket.emit('message-' + name, arg);\n }\n else {\n throw 'Not connected.';",
"\n }\n }\n\n };\n\n return cloak;\n\n };\n\n return createCloak();\n});\n"
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"Seals of the general type described above are not new per se. ",
"For example, West German Registered Design Pat. ",
"No. ",
"1,944,576 shows a seal of this general type. ",
"These seals, however, have certain disadvantages and drawbacks. ",
"For example, these prior known seals are not suitable for severe dynamic loading by reason of the fact that the disk which is mounted in an annular groove of the elastic ring tends to become loose and when this happens, the bearing can be destroyed."
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"TMRPres2D: high quality visual representation of transmembrane protein models.",
"\nThe 'TransMembrane protein Re-Presentation in 2-Dimensions' (TMRPres2D) tool, automates the creation of uniform, two-dimensional, high analysis graphical images/models of alpha-helical or beta-barrel transmembrane proteins. ",
"Protein sequence data and structural information may be acquired from public protein knowledge bases, emanate from prediction algorithms, or even be defined by the user. ",
"Several important biological and physical sequence attributes can be embedded in the graphical representation."
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"#\n# Copyright (C) 2010 OpenWrt.org\n#\n\n. ",
"/lib/cns21xx.sh\n\nPART_NAME=firmware\nRAMFS_COPY_DATA=/lib/cns21xx.sh\n\nplatform_check_image() {\n\tlocal board=$(get_board_name)\n\tlocal magic=\"$(get_magic_word \"$1\")\"\n\n\t[ \"$ARGC\" -gt 1 ] && return 1\n\n\tcase \"$board\" in\n\tnsb3ast)\n\t\t[ \"$magic\" !",
"= \"0b1c\" ] && {\n\t\t\techo \"Invalid image type.\"",
"\n\t\t\treturn 1\n\t\t}\n\t\treturn 0\n\t\t;;\n\tns-k330)\n\t\t[ \"$magic\" !",
"= \"0c1c\" ] && {\n\t\t\techo \"Invalid image type.\"",
"\n\t\t\treturn 1\n\t\t}\n\t\treturn 0\n\t\t;;\n\tesac\n\n\techo \"Sysupgrade is not yet supported on $board.\"",
"\n\treturn 1\n}\n\ndisable_watchdog() {\n\tkillall watchdog\n\t( ps | grep -v 'grep' | grep '/dev/watchdog' ) && {\n\t\techo 'Could not disable watchdog'\n\t\treturn 1\n\t}\n}\n\nappend sysupgrade_pre_upgrade disable_watchdog\n"
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[
"Complete control over the entire production process\n\n2016-12-13Inspection\n\nThe pressure of competition in the global glass industry is growing. ",
"To meet this challenge, companies are doing everything they can to further increase quality and maximize yields.",
"\n\nComplete control over the entire production process\n\nInspection systems are of crucial importance in this, as they produce large amounts of critical quality data. ",
"Evaluating and assessing all the relevant information in an intelligent and thorough manner also enables resources to be saved and yields to be increased even further. ",
"Quick data processing and analysis ISRA’s Enterprise PROduction Management Intelligence (EPROMI) system is the ideal solution for the glass industry to accomplish these tasks. ",
"The data mining software offers information with maximum transparency and is crucial to the standardization of communication and information processes within a company. ",
"Important data is sorted, processed, analyzed and displayed in next to no time, in the form of charts and standardized reports. ",
"EPROMI analyzes various production and quality data obtained from production, consolidates that information across all processes and uses it to generate valuable information, such as defect causes, at the plant level. ",
"Increased knowledge of production processes The large data volumes are evaluated digitally and used to generate valuable operational knowledge. ",
"EPROMI makes it possible to combine all data accrued in a company and to analyze and evaluate this data in a manner that is tailored to the needs of all management and production levels – taking data security into account. ",
"Based on the efficient use of production data, production managers can gain an even deeper understanding of their processes. ",
"Inspection results and process par...\n\nInspection systems are of crucial importance in this, as they produce large amounts of critical quality data. ",
"Evaluating and assessing all the relevant information in an intelligent and thorough manner also enables resources to be saved and yields to be increased even further. ",
"Quick data processing and analysis ISRA’s Enterprise PROduction Management Intelligence (EPROMI) system is the ideal solution for the glass industry to accomplish these tasks. ",
"The data mining software offers information with maximum transparency and is crucial to the standardization of communication and information processes within a company. ",
"Important data is sorted, processed, analyzed and displayed in next to no time, in the form of charts and standardized reports. ",
"EPROMI analyzes various production and quality data obtained from production, consolidates that information across all processes and uses it to generate valuable information, such as defect causes, at the plant level. ",
"Increased knowledge of production processes The large data volumes are evaluated digitally and used to generate valuable operational knowledge. ",
"EPROMI makes it possible to combine all data accrued in a company and to analyze and evaluate this data in a manner that is tailored to the needs of all management and production levels – taking data security into account. ",
"Based on the efficient use of production data, production managers can gain an even deeper understanding of their processes. ",
"Inspection results and process parameters are displayed in either standardized or customized cockpits that can be adapted to the user’s needs and requirements. ",
"The software and the inspection hardware integrated into EPROMI generate valuable process knowledge. ",
"Another option is to opt for a connected software solution that is used without ISRA inspection systems. ",
"Supporting decision-making processes at every level of the company EPROMI enables reliable quality decisions at every level of a company by pooling data to form valuable expertise. ",
"Management-level decision-making processes in glass production are supported by reliable information, and valuable knowledge is generated to enable increases in yield. ",
"This allows glass manufacturers to achieve maximum quality and optimize their production, as they can rely on optimum, cost-efficient information on processes and products at all times. ",
"The result is optimized processes and the reduced use of resources – putting Industry 4.0 into practice.",
"\n\nClearly-displayed information enables production managers to make informed decisions and resolve issues quickly. ",
"By connecting sensors, machines and users and by combining vast amounts of production and quality data within seconds, Isra’s EPROMI (Enterprise PROduction Management Intelligence) solution offers complete information with the degree of transparency required. ",
"Inspection results and the relevant process parameters are displayed in customer-specific cockpits and support operational and strategic decision-making processes."
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[
"Q:\n\nChecking if this is an etale morphism\n\nConsider the map $\\mathbb{A}(k)$ to $\\mathbb{A}(k)$ where $t$ goes to $t^2$.\nThis induces a map $\\phi$ from $k[T]$ to $k[T]$ where $T$ goes $T^2$. we know that is map is not etale at $0$. I want to check that explicitly. ",
"Now, morphism $\\phi$ is a flat morphism. ",
"I want to show that is ramified at $0$ which corresponds to the ideal $T$. So, $\\phi$ induces a map from $k[T]/[T]$ to $k[T]/[T]$ where $T$ goes to $T^2$. The map indiced by $phi$ on $k[T]/[T]$ seems to be the identity map. ",
"So, it is unramified at $0$, which is not the case. ",
"I'm consumed where exactly I am making the mistake. ",
"\n\nA:\n\nLet's make explicit our definition of ramification. ",
"Here's all the notation I'm going to need to make the definition a 1-liner: Let $\\varphi: X\\to Y$ be a map. ",
"Let $\\mathfrak{m}\\subset \\mathcal{O}_{Y,\\varphi(x)}$ be the maximal ideal, and let $\\mathfrak{n}=\\varphi^\\#(\\mathfrak{m})\\mathcal{O}_{X,x}$, the ideal generated by the image of of $\\mathfrak{m}$ in $\\mathcal{O}_{X,x}$ where $\\varphi^\\#$ is the induced map on local rings, $\\varphi^\\#: \\mathcal{O}_{Y,\\varphi(x)}\\to \\mathcal{O}_{X,x}$. \nDefinition: A map $\\varphi: X\\to Y$ is unramified if it's locally of finite type and for each $y\\in Y$, $\\mathfrak{n}$ is the maximal ideal of $\\mathcal{O}_{X,x}$ and the obvious map $\\mathcal{O}_{Y,\\varphi(x)}/\\mathfrak{m} \\to \\mathcal{O}_{X,x}/\\mathfrak{n}$ is a finite separable field extension. ",
"A map is ramified if it's not unramified.",
"\nUnsurprisingly, locally of finite type is clear in your context.",
"\nThe real work starts at verifying whether $\\mathfrak{n}$ is the maximal ideal at $0$: $\\mathfrak{m}$ is principal and generated by $t$, so $\\varphi^\\#(\\mathfrak{m})\\mathcal{O}_{X,x}=\\varphi^\\#((t))k[t]_{(t)}=\\varphi^\\#(t)k[t]_{(t)}=(t^n)k[t]_{(t)}=(t^n)$ which is not maximal. ",
"So your map is ramified at 0 just like you suspected.",
"\n\n"
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"Philip S. Straniere\n\nPhilip S. Straniere (born 1947 or 1948 ) is a current civil court judge for the Staten Island Civil Court in New York City, having been elected to the post in 1997. ",
" Straniere is known for his humorous opinions and references to popular culture. ",
"Filing and Winning Small Claims For Dummies is a guidebook written by him.",
"\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:American judges\nCategory:1940s births"
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"Healthcare workers are increasingly at risk of disease transmission, and nurses perform the majority of invasive hypodermic procedures, such as injecting medicine, collecting blood and inserting indwelling intravenous (I.V.) catheters. ",
"Nurses and other healthcare personnel are routinely injured by the exposed, sharp lancet of the needle after use on a patient. ",
"The critical time where a percutaneous injury can occur is from the moment the needle is withdrawn from the patient, or I.V. port, to the time the contaminated needle is safely discarded.",
"\nPrior to the proliferation of HIV and serum hepatitis, a needle stick injury was considered a routine part of providing patient care. ",
"A needle stick injury now carries a life-threatening consequence and healthcare workers must live with this terror on a daily basis. ",
"Hence, there is a requirement for a low-cost safety needle protector apparatus with a universal application which shall prevent accidental contact of a medical professional or any other person with the sharp tip of the needle after use of the disposable medical device and thus prevent possible transmission of an infectious disease such as hepatitis, HIV, etc.",
"\nIt is an object of the present invention to provide a needle safety assembly which provides reliable protection against accidental pricking by a hypodermic needle and which is easy and inexpensive to manufacture.",
"\nThis object is satisfied by a needle safety assembly comprising a needle and a protective cover for the needle, wherein the needle is attached to a needle hub which has wings provided on opposite sides of the needle hub and which can be moved relative to the protective cover from a position of use in which at least the tip of the needle is outside of the protective cover into a retracted position in which the needle is fully received in the protective cover, wherein the protective cover is of generally tubular shape and defines two opposite axial slots which extend from a distal end of the protective cover towards a tubular base portion of the protective cover, wherein the slots are adapted to receive the wings when the needle hub moves into the protective cover, and wherein the needle safety assembly further comprises a locking mechanism adapted to secure the needle hub inside the protective cover when the needle hub is in the retracted position."
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"J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter Spinoff Just Started Filming\n\nWands at the ready! ",
"J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter spinoff Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them officially started filming in London on Monday, according to Warner Bros.\n\nThe film is based on a book that previously only existed in the wizarding world and served as a textbook at Hogwarts. “‘",
"Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them’ is neither a prequel nor a sequel to the Harry Potter series, but an extension of the wizarding world,” Rowling said in a statement last year. “",
"The laws and customs of the hidden magical society will be familiar to anyone who has read the Harry Potter books or seen the films, but Newt’s story will start in New York, seventy years before Harry’s gets underway.”",
"\n\nThe cast includes Eddie Redmayne as Newt Scamander, a magizoologist, who stops in New York (but only meant to stay there a few hours), as well as Katherine Waterston, Alison Sudol, Dan Fogler, Ezra Miller, Samantha Morton, Jenn Murray and Colin Farrell. ",
"Faith Wood-Blagrove, a 10-year-old who auditioned for the role of the “haunted” character Modesty along with thousands of other young girls, rounds out the ensemble.",
"\n\nPotter fanatics are familiar with the team behind the film: Rowling wrote the screenplay. ",
"David Yates, who worked on the final four Potter films, will direct. ",
"David Heyman, who produced all eight Potter films, will produce. ",
"And Steve Kloves, who adapted the books for the big screen, is also a producer."
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"Post navigation\n\nBehavioral Momentum…ride the wave to more compliance\n\n“Heading into the final weeks before the race, it seems Mr. Soandso has the momentum that will likely take him to the promised land”\n\nThere are so many ways we speak about momentum in our lives. ",
"You can hardly get through 15 minutes of Olympics coverage or, gag, the “Race to the Presidency” coverage without some mention of who has the “momentum.”",
"\n\nMomentum is an incredibly important and real factor with the behavior of your kids too, and is a bit more scientific than the sometimes mythical version you hear elsewhere. ",
"It is a strategy…a way to get from noncompliance to compliance. ",
"Simple, if you really think about it, but not used enough as far as I can see.",
"\n\nCompliance breeds compliance – Remember this and put it on your refrigerator\n\nIn the behavioral world, we use reinforcement of small moments of compliance to make compliance with larger demands more likely. ",
"Around your house with your kids, that means getting the ball rolling and having some positive exchanges with your kid by setting up moments when compliance with simple things is reinforced before dropping a bombshell request such as “clean up your room,” “put your toys up,” or “take a bath.”",
"\n\nEven something as simple as getting and reinforcing a verbal response from your kid before delivering a more demanding request can serve to make compliance with the request more likely.",
"\n\nHere are two stories…which one uses behavioral momentum?",
"\n\nJohnny’s room is a mess. ",
"Johnny’s parents are tired of that mess and enter the room and say, “Johnny, this room needs to be clean before you can watch TV tonight or play outside.” ",
"Johnny’s parents leave. ",
"Johnny sits and mopes. ",
"Parents return distressed and frustrated. “",
"Not a single sock off the floor? ",
"I guess you will be staying in here until it is done, no matter how long it takes.”",
"\n\n_______________________________________\n\nJohnny’s room is a mess. ",
"Johnny’s parents are tired of that mess and enter the room and say, “Hey, man…what’s up? ",
"Did you have a good day at school today? ",
"Great! ",
"Hey, would you mind grabbing that book right by you and handing that to me so I can put it on the shelf? ",
"Thanks. ",
"And those shoes? ",
"Great, thanks. ",
"Hey, while we are at it, would you mind putting those trains where they go? ",
"Awesome. ",
"Hey, as soon as you get those shirts and pants up and make sure your bed is made you can come watch TV or play outside? ",
"Cool? ",
"Cool.”",
"\n\nDo you see how that works? ",
"Do you see that in the second story the demands got larger and larger? ",
"Early compliance was reinforced (a simple statement of “great,” or “thanks” is all it takes) then the larger demands were placed in there. ",
"Sometimes high-fives are more necessary, but the point is to start small, knowing where you are going and making sure you have a good reinforcer at the end.",
"\n\nI have seen the dramatic effects of this many times. ",
"Something a kid would never have done, gets done easily because some simple behavioral momentum was built before asking for the real thing. ",
"We do this on purpose because it makes our lives easier."
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"Efficient formation of cytosine arabinoside-5'-triphosphate in leukemic blasts of human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.",
"\nThe potential usefulness of cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) in the treatment of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) was studied by measuring the influx of ara-C into the lymphoblasts and the conversion of ara-C to its triphosphate form (ara-CTP) in lymphoblasts from the bone marrow of eighteen patients of T-ALL. ",
"Intracellular accumulation of ara-CTP was 3.5 times greater in T-cell lymphoblasts than in non-T or AML blasts. ",
"The increased formation of ara-CTP in T-ALL cell may be correlated with the good clinical response of T-ALL patients to the treatment with ara-C in combination with mitoxantrone."
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"Some men will stick their dick in anything, and this is the only fact evolution and police blotters agree on. ",
"The penis is a combination executive toy and override switch. ",
"Most men don't actually think with their dicks, because we're not sitcom characters, but we're aware of them in the same way an oil rig manager has to be aware of the drill -- whatever else they actually want to do with their life, that's what the hardware they're using was designed for.",
"\n\nGetty\n\nBecause it's miles long and pounding down into the planet's deep wet spots, and possibly the only thing more phallic than a phallus.",
"\n\nBut psychopaths ran out of things to enpenis about two hundred years ago and have been inventing new ones ever since. ",
"Most of them make the Saw movies look like infomercials for personal massagers."
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"An ovarian dysgerminoma in Down syndrome. ",
"Hypothesis about the association.",
"\nAn 11-year-old girl with Down syndrome (DS) was operated for a stage I right ovary dysgerminoma. ",
"She is in good health 33 years later. ",
"Some data in the literature suggest that ovarian cancers could be slightly overrepresented in DS. ",
"Despite the rarity of ovarian dysgerminoma, our case is the fifth reported in DS. ",
"This case is the second one associated with a family history suggesting the possibility of a familial predisposition to cancer. ",
"A hypothesis explaining the development of dysgerminoma in DS is proposed."
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"Business Details\n\nLocated in Chambersburg, PA, the Best Western Chambersburg is sure to provide a peaceful and comforting home away from home for any traveler. ",
"Each Best Western hotel provides free internet access, giving guests the opportunity to check emails and surf the web, all from the comforts of their room or the business center. ",
"With cleanliness and value being our top priority, we ensure a restful and productive stay. ",
"On top of that, our superior customer service will ensure that we meet all your needs and go beyond your expectations.",
"\n\nWhen you stay at Best Western Chambersburg in Chambersburg, you'll be in the historical district and convenient to Cluggy's Family Amusement Center and Franklin County Visitors Bureau. ",
"This hotel is within close proximity of Capitol Theatre and Wilson College."
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"The Racial Politics of Nordic Noir\n\nExploring the appeal of the Nordic countries to contemporary British audiences, Ben Pitcher, author of Consuming Race (Routledge, 2014), considers the racial politics of Nordic culture.",
"\n\nFrom cafes and coffee shops to design and leisure, there’s clearly something of a fashion for Nordic culture in contemporary Britain. ",
"And from Michael Booth’s travelogue to Channel 4’s three-part documentary series Scandimania, there are no shortage of attempts to explain the origins of this fascination.",
"\n\nAs these commentaries recognize, our desire for Nordic culture is a multi-dimensional one. ",
"It is not just about products or a particular ‘look’, for it involves a wider orientation to ideas about Nordic culture: it’s about how Nordic peoples live their lives, it’s about an ethos of care and sustainability, it’s about the politics of social liberalism, social democracy and the welfare state.",
"\n\nThis rich entanglement of politics, material culture, aesthetics and ethics will be evident to any viewer of Nordic TV. ",
"When we sit down to watch The Killing (Forbrydelsen), we enjoy the confident gender politics of the Copenhagen Police Department and the warp and weft of Sara Lund’s famous jumper just as much as we do the search for the murderer of Nanna Birk Larsen.",
"\n\nWhen we watch series one of The Bridge (Bron/Broen) we are just as interested in Mette and Martin Rohde’s kitchen furniture (‘I wonder where they got those chairs from?’) ",
"as we are in the identity of the ‘truth terrorist’. ",
"In spite of the bleakness of its subject matter, the idea of Nordic culture signified by Nordic noir is an aspirational one.",
"\n\nWhile in Nordic contexts the genre is so often read as chronicling the decline and corruption of social democracy, it still looks pretty rosy from this side of the North Sea. ",
"Whatever the reality of life in the Nordic counties (in truth, often very different), we operate with a fantasy that conceives of Nordic culture as the unique and special product of a particular kind of place, shaped by its own climate, geography, and history.",
"\n\nIn my new book Consuming Race, I consider how a taste for Nordic culture is shaped in part by the lived experience of cultural difference in contemporary Britain. ",
"I explore how respect for difference – the desire not to caricature or misrepresent other cultures – had led to a turn away from the cosmopolitan and an investment in what are considered to be ‘ethnically appropriate’ forms of culture.",
"\n\nNordic shows like The Bridge (above) provide a rich resource of white people in search of themselves, but also reinforce ideas about white distinction. ",
"Image: ZDF.",
"\n\nThis is a phenomenon that implicates everybody: British people who make a claim on a Ghanaean heritage are encouraged to get in touch with Ghanaean music, art, and fashion, while those with a connection to Argentina or Brazil may legitimately embrace Latin American foods, festivals and literature. ",
"People with relatives in Iran can derive personal meaning and significance from an engagement with Persian style or the films of Abbas Kiarostami.",
"\n\nBut this fashion for ‘ethnically appropriate’ culture poses a problem for white people in twenty-first-century Britain, because the idea of a ‘white’ culture is indelibly marked by the racism of the far right. ",
"While most white people are (rightly) suspicious of making such investments, the logic of ethnic appropriateness nevertheless requires that they develop a way of engaging with notions of cultural ‘roots’ or ‘origins’, of saying who they are and where they’re from in the context of our multicultural society.",
"\n\nNordic culture plays an important role in providing some answers to these questions. ",
"Bolstered by a longstanding association between whiteness and the north, Nordic culture stands as a symbolic point of origin, giving white people a set of coordinates to define who they are and what’s important to them. ",
"It provides a fantasy of whiteness that is simultaneously distinctive and progressive. ",
"It provides a repertoire of moral orientations and stylistic positions that, in a variety of different contexts, delineate some aspirational ways of living, thinking, and being.",
"\n\nConsuming Race, by Ben Pitcher. ",
"Published by Routledge.",
"\n\nIs it so wrong to be excited about a model of strong welfare states, committed environmentalism, modernist design and progressive gender politics? ",
"On the face of it, certainly not. ",
"But when we recognize that our Nordic fantasies of social responsibility and substance-over-style modesty can implicitly depend on their distinction from racial others – whether in the ostentatious aesthetics of ‘bling’ or ecological caricatures of a rapidly industrializing global South – we might think in more critical terms about precisely what motivates this fascination.",
"\n\nNordic TV may indeed provide a rich identity resource for white people in search of themselves, but it can also reinforce ideas about white cultural distinction and autonomy that have their parallel in racist typologies of separate development. ",
"When the logic of ethnic appropriateness strengthens the apparent differences that set us apart from one another, it is worth reminding ourselves that, as with so many ‘returns’, there is nothing natural or inevitable about these narratives of cultural origin.",
"\n\nAs attractive as Nordic culture’s figuration of clean lines and functionality might seem, in truth we’re a lot more messy and mixed up.",
"\n\nDr Ben Pitcher is Senior Lecturer in Sociology at the University of Westminster, London. ",
"He has written extensively on race and racism, and in the area of cultural studies. ",
"His latest book, Consuming Race, is published in April 2014."
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"1. ",
"Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to an electrostatic latent image developing toner used in a developer when developing an electrostatic latent image formed by a method such as xerography and electrostatic recording. ",
"The present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing an electrostatic latent image developer and electrostatic latent image developing toner.",
"\n2. ",
"Description of the Related Art\nIn xerography, an electrostatic latent image is formed on a photoreceptor by performing a charging process and an exposure process. ",
"The electrostatic latent image is subsequently visualized by performing a developing process using a developer including a toner, a transfer process, and a fixation process. ",
"The developer may be a two-component developer composed of a toner and a carrier, or a single-component developer in which a magnetic or non-magnetic toner is used alone. ",
"Toners are commonly fabricated using a kneading-and-grinding method in which a thermoplastic resin is melted and kneaded with a pigment, a charge control agent, and a release agent such as wax. ",
"The mixture is then cooled, finely ground, and classified.",
"\nWhen such a conventional method is used, the shapes of toner particles become non-uniform. ",
"Further, the surface structures of the toner particles vary depending on the grindability of materials used and the conditions of the grinding process. ",
"As such, it is very difficult to control the shapes and surface structures of toner particles as desired.",
"\nRecently, wet fabrication methods for manufacturing a xerographic toner have been proposed as methods which allow control of the shape and surface structure of toner particles as desired. ",
"Among such wet fabrication methods are a wet spherification method which permits shape control, a suspension granulation method which permits surface composition control, a suspension polymerization method which permits internal composition control, and an emulsion polymerization aggregation method.",
"\nBy chemically forming the toner particles using these methods, toners having very small particle sizes such as a volume average particle size of 5 μm, which were practically impossible to produce using a conventional method, are now commercially available at low cost. ",
"Further, according to the conventional method, because the shapes of the toner particles are non-uniform, resulting in a wide distribution of particle sizes and therefore requiring an increased number of toner particles per unit area, charge control of small-particle toners produced by the conventional method is difficult to be performed. ",
"However, by using the wet fabrication method, the particle sizes and shapes can be made uniform, and charge control is facilitated. ",
"For these reasons, further enhancements in production of high-quality images are desired, and it is widely expected that small-particle toners produced by the wet fabrication method will realize these enhancements.",
"\nIn xerography, there exist two different methods for preventing adhesion of toner onto a fixation roller used when fixing toner on a sheet such as paper. ",
"One method is to apply oil on a heat roll when performing the fixation, so as to provide release property between the heat roll and the image being fixed. ",
"According to this method, no release agent is included in the toner particles. ",
"The second method is an oil-less method, in which a release agent such as wax is included within the toner particles. ",
"During the fixation process, the release agent within the toner particles are made to migrate to the image surface by the heat of the heat roll, thereby achieving release property. ",
"The second oil-less method is advantageous over the first method because the second method overcomes the problem that a sheet processed with the first method does not practically accept thereon further writing with a ball-point pen or an ink or attachment of a label. ",
"However, the second method is still disadvantageous in that, because a release agent is present within a fixed image, light scattering results, which leads to degradations in transparency of an OHP film and color producing property.",
"\nA wet fabrication method for manufacturing a xerographic toner includes a heating step in which heat is applied to various materials of the toner particles (for example, in an emulsion polymerization aggregation method, this step corresponds to the fuse or coalesce step; in a suspension polymerization method, the polymerizing monomer polymerization step). ",
"Typically, after the heating step, the toner is cooled, then the surfaces of the toner particles are processed with an acid or base to provide charging property, fluidity, and storage stability to the particles. ",
"A problem specific to the wet fabrication method is that, during the cooling, the release agent precipitates onto the toner surface due to the volume reduction caused by a difference between the glass transition points (Tg) and/or melting points of the binder and the release agent.",
"\nIn general, the volume of a material decreases when the material changes from liquid to solid phase, and volume of the solid material (without change of phase) decreases as the temperature is lowered. ",
"In a particle composed of a single component, such a volume reduction would occur uniformly within the overall particle. ",
"However, in a toner particle including a binder having a release agent mixed therein, when both the binder and the release agent have low crystallinity, the binder having Tg and melting point higher than those of the release agent would contract at a higher rate at the same temperature compared to the release agent. ",
"Due to this contraction stress of the binder, the release agent would precipitate from where the binder pressure becomes low. ",
"This disadvantageous phenomenon would occur more noticeably in small-particle toners having a smaller volume to surface area ratio.",
"\nTypically, an external additive is applied to the toner surface so as to provide charging property, fluidity, and transferability to the toner surface. ",
"Because the release agent has a hardness less than that of the binder, if the release agent is precipitated onto the toner surface, the external additive would become easily buried within the precipitated release agent upon application of a physical shock along with heat. ",
"As a result, the charging property of the toner particles may become unstable, and degradations in fluidity and transferability may be caused. ",
"Further, undesirable adhesion of the toner to device parts may occur, and, when a two-component developer is used, undesirable adhesion of the toner to carrier may occur.",
"\nIn order to prevent precipitation of the release agent onto the toner surface, various measures have been devised. ",
"More specifically, attempts for that purpose have been made to reduce the amount of the added release agent, reduce the domain size of the release agent within the toner, and increase the thickness of the binder layer located on the surface of the toner.",
"\nFor example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. ",
"Hei 10-207116 discloses the control of the amount of release agent within the toner and on the toner surface. ",
"Further, this publication recites that, by controlling the dispersion diameter of the release agent within the toner, a toner which allows to create high-quality color images and OHP images having excellent transparency can be produced.",
"\nAlthough the above-noted measures are effective in preventing precipitation of the release agent onto the toner surface, those measures also have a negative influence on migration of the release agent to the fixed image surface during fixation and disadvantageously reduce glossiness of the fixed image surface. ",
"Furthermore, the separating ability of the heat roll surface from the developer may become degraded, which would cause a hot offset. ",
"As such, there exists a requirement for a new small-particle toner having controlled surface structure.",
"\nFurther, according to the method described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. ",
"Hei 10-207116, when the toner fabrication process includes a fuse or coalesce step using heat, a slow cooling step performed after the heating causes crystallization of the release agent. ",
"Accordingly, if this method is employed to produce a small-particle toner, the particle size cannot be controlled.",
"\nThe present invention relates to a small-particle toner including a release agent, and provides an electrostatic latent image developing toner having stable charging property, fluidity, and storage stability, which allows to create a high-quality image having high transparency. ",
"The present invention also provides a method for manufacturing an electrostatic latent image developer and electrostatic latent image developing toner having such characteristics."
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[
"Abstract The Registry of Standard Biological Parts only accepts genetic parts compatible with the RFC 10 BioBrick format. ",
"This combined assembly and submission standard requires that four unique restriction enzyme sites must not occur in the DNA sequence encoding a part. ",
"We present evidence that this requirement places a nontrivial burden on iGEM teams developing large and novel parts. ",
"We further argue that the emergence of inexpensive DNA synthesis and versatile assembly methods reduces the utility of coupling submission and assembly standards and propose a submission standard that is compatible with current quality control strategies while nearly eliminating sequence constraints on submitted parts.",
"\n\nThe Registry of Standard Biological Parts (hereafter, the Registry) aims to provide a collection of well-characterized genetic parts (BioBricks) with defined behaviors that can be assembled to construct complex biological devices [1]. ",
"The genetic parts sent to iGEM teams each year in the DNA distribution kit are derived from the Registry, and iGEM teams are expected to improve the Registry by further characterizing existing parts and by submitting new parts for inclusion. ",
"Here we provide evidence that current requirements on DNA sequences for part submission may unnecessarily impede this mission, and propose a new submission standard that would eliminate this problem while minimally impacting current quality control protocols.",
"\n\nAs described in BioBricks Foundation RFC 10 and as currently used by the Registry, BioBricks constitute a combined assembly and submission standard. ",
"An assembly standard is a procedure for combining multiple biological parts into a device encoded by a single piece of DNA. ",
"A submission standard refers only to requirements on the DNA sequence of a part for it to be archived and redistributed by the Registry. ",
"BioBrick parts are typically submitted on the Escherichia coli plasmid pSB1C3, and they must be flanked by defined prefix and suffix sequences containing restriction enzyme sites for 3A assembly [2] (Figure 1A). ",
"Critically, these reserved (or “illegal”) restriction sites must not be present within the sequence of a BioBrick for it to be compatible with RFC 10 or similar assembly standards. ",
"The pSB1C3-derived plasmid can be transformed into E. coli cells to replicate the DNA encoding a part with high fidelity, and the quality and identity of each genetic part in the Registry can be verified by restriction analysis. ",
"Figure 1 Prevalence of illegal restriction sites in Biobrick parts. (",
"A) Restriction enzyme sites in the required BioBrick prefix and suffix sequences for RFC 10 are depicted above the expanded prefix and suffix sites with flanking homing endonuclease sites proposed in RFC 95. ",
"The four restriction enzyme sites EcoRI, XbaI, SpeI, and PstI contained within the BioBrick prefix and suffix must not be present within any part submitted in RFC 10 format. ",
"RFC 95 retains the Biobrick prefix and suffix and pSB1C3 plasmid backbone, but adds the homing endonuclease sites I-SceI and I-CeuI, which can be used for quality control. ",
"Recognition sites for the endonucleases are boxed and the cut sites are shown within the boxes. ",
"I-SceI and I-CeuI homing endonucleases tolerate some base substitutions in these sites, so the overall sequence degeneracy is roughly equivalent to that of a non-degenerate 10 to 12 bp restriction site [3]. (",
"B) The probabilities of encountering at least one of the four RFC 10 BioBrick restriction enzymes sites (colored) or at least one of the RFC 95 homing endonuclease sites (black) in random DNA sequences as a function of sequence length are shown. ",
"The impact of variable GC content in the part sequence is depicted for the BioBrick restriction enzymes. ",
"Performing quality control for part length with homing endonucleases would nearly eliminate the probability of an illegal site being observed in a gene-sized DNA sequence. ",
"BBF RFC 95 contains the equations used to calculate the curves [4]. (",
"C) The total number of DNA sequences in the Registry submitted in each year with a status of “Not Released” (lower) and the percentage of these parts that contain at least one RFC 10 illegal restriction site in their sequence (upper) is increasing with time, suggesting a significant and growing burden in adhering to this assembly standard. ",
"Data were collected for all parts submitted by July 29, 2013. ",
"Full size image\n\nAt the time BioBricks were introduced, restriction enzyme cloning was the dominant method for assembling multiple DNA sequences into a single construct, and E. coli was the host for nearly all synthetic biology devices. ",
"Since the inception of RFC 10, a great variety of new assembly methods have been developed [5, 6], including homology-based protocols using enzymes in vitro (Gibson Cloning, Seamless Cloning), in vivo assembly (via yeast recombination), and assembly using type II restriction enzymes (Golden Gate Assembly). ",
"Some of these methods can rapidly compose many parts together in a single reaction, unlike 3A assembly, which requires multiple rounds of restriction cleavage and ligation to concatenate parts. ",
"Many of these newer assembly methods also have no inherent requirement that specific base sequences, such as restriction sites, be present or absent in the DNA specifying a component in order for it to be assembled with other parts. ",
"When using such methods, there is no need for an assembly standard to be imposed on top of a submission standard. ",
"Researchers now employ synthetic biology approaches in many organisms, including plants and animals, where this greater flexibility in the sequences of vectors and genetic parts may be beneficial [7].",
"\n\nAs genes and gene clusters with new activities are discovered and iGEM teams seek to add these parts to the Registry, greater incidences of illegal restriction enzyme site sequences are expected to be found within the DNA sequences of prospective parts. ",
"While the assembly standard’s requirement to remove any illegal restriction sites present in a part may seem a minor inconvenience, calculating the frequency at which restriction sites occur reveals that compliance with the BioBrick RFC 10 (or similar restriction enzyme-based standards) likely burdens most iGEM teams wishing to submit gene-sized or longer parts amplified from genomic sequences to the Registry (Figure 1B). ",
"The probability of a random DNA sequence containing at least one of the four BioBrick restriction sites increases rapidly with sequence length, such that a majority of parts derived from natural sequences >710 bp will contain a restriction site, and more than 90% of those >2360 bp will [4]. ",
"Furthermore, an analysis of parts marked “Not Released” in the Registry—often in this category because they do not adhere to the RFC 10 BioBrick standard and were therefore not accepted for archival and redistribution—shows that the fraction of parts designed by recent iGEM teams that contain an illegal site is >15% and appears to be increasing (Figure 1C).",
"\n\nIn light of these developments, we argue that it would be beneficial to many iGEM teams and the greater biological engineering community to no longer require compatibility with assembly standards for a DNA part to be deposited in the Registry. ",
"To assess user sentiment, we surveyed the 2013 iGEM teams about their preferred assembly methods and experiences with submitting parts to the Registry (Figure 2). ",
"Though a majority of teams still primarily used restriction enzyme cloning, 43% most commonly used “one-pot” assembly methods rather than restriction enzyme cloning, showing that many teams are already adopting these newer methods. ",
"We found that 52% of teams surveyed have used site-directed mutagenesis to remove illegal restriction sites from parts, and 36% of teams have decided not to submit a part to the Registry due to the presence of illegal restriction sites. ",
"Thus, a sizable proportion of our respondents were expending time and effort performing site-directed mutagenesis of already functioning parts to comply with RFC 10—a substantial burden on the productivity of teams. ",
"Figure 2 Results of a survey sent to iGEM teams regarding illegal restriction sites. ",
"Official contacts for all of the 2013 iGEM teams were emailed a link to an anonymous online survey. ",
"A total of 44 responses from iGEM team members and their mentors were collected and analyzed. ",
"Full size image\n\nThe Registry needs a submission standard that maintains a simple and rapid method for quality control of submitted parts. ",
"As described in RFC 95, this aim could be accomplished by using a less restrictive submission-only standard where homing endonuclease sites are included outside of the BioBrick prefix and suffix sequences [4]. ",
"Homing endonucleases recognize and cleave within long target sequences (~15-30 base pairs) in contrast to the short sequences (6-8 base pairs) recognized by most commonly used restriction enzymes. ",
"These longer recognition sequences are unlikely to occur in DNA sequences of <20 kilobases (Figure 1B), which is approximately the limit of what can be routinely cloned into plasmids in E. coli. ",
"By placing the homing endonuclease sites outside of the current BioBrick restriction enzyme sites, new parts submitted using this standard would remain backwards compatible with RFC 10 assembly in cases where no BioBrick restriction sites are found in the part.",
"\n\nWhile DNA synthesis methods are advancing rapidly [8, 9], making it more economical for iGEM teams to custom order a limited number of ready-to-use parts, the Registry continues to play an important role in democratizing synthetic biology by distributing a large number of parts at a much lower cost. ",
"For a genetic parts repository and registry to remain relevant as technology progresses, it should anticipate these changes and adapt its methods to complement them [10]. ",
"This may include adopting greater flexibility by decoupling DNA assembly and submission standards, as described here, as well as more rigorous and standardized expectations for how the operation of genetic parts must be characterized in order for them to be included in the Registry.",
"\n\nReferences 1. ",
"Canton B, Labno A, Endy D: Refinement and standardization of synthetic biological parts and devices. ",
"Nat Biotechnol 2008, 26: 787-793. ",
"10.1038/nbt1413 2. ",
"Knight T: Draft standard for BioBrick biological parts. ",
"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45138 3. ",
"Gimble FS, Wang J: Substrate recognition and induced DNA distortion by the PI-SceI endonuclease, an enzyme generated by protein splicing. ",
"J Mol Biol 1996, 263: 163-180. ",
"10.1006/jmbi.1996.0567 4. ",
"Hammerling M, Gottel NR, Alnahas RN, Slater B, Huang Y, Okasheh Y, Howard M, Mortensen C, Monk J, Detelich M, Lannan RS, Pitaktong A, Weaver E, Das S, Barrick JE: BBF RFC 95: Open Sequence Initiative: a part submission standard to complement modern DNA assembly techniques. ",
"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81334 5. ",
"Ellis T, Adie T, Baldwin GS: DNA assembly for synthetic biology: from parts to pathways and beyond. ",
"Integr Biol (Camb) 2011, 3: 109-118. ",
"10.1039/c0ib00070a 6. ",
"Kahl LJ, Endy D: A survey of enabling technologies in synthetic biology. ",
"J Biol Eng 2013, 7: 13. ",
"10.1186/1754-1611-7-13 7. ",
"Wang Y-H, Wei KY, Smolke CD: Synthetic biology: advancing the design of diverse genetic systems. ",
"Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2013, 4: 69-102. ",
"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061312-103351 8. ",
"Esvelt KM, Wang HH: Genome-scale engineering for systems and synthetic biology. ",
"Mol Syst Biol 2013, 9: 641. ",
"9. ",
"Ma S, Tang N, Tian J: DNA synthesis, assembly and applications in synthetic biology. ",
"Curr Opin Chem Biol 2012, 16: 260-267. ",
"10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.05.001 10. ",
"Vilanova C, Porcar M: iGEM 2.0–refoundations for engineering biology. ",
"Nat Biotechnol 2014, 32: 420-424. ",
"10.1038/nbt.2899 Download references\n\nAcknowledgements The 2013 Greensboro-Austin iGEM team acknowledges funding from the U.S. National Science Foundation BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action (DBI-0939454) and from the University of Texas at Austin College of Natural Sciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, and Department of Molecular Biosciences. ",
"We thank other members of our joint iGEM team, including Robert Newman and students at North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University; and Mads Kaern and the University of Ottawa iGEM team for useful discussions.",
"\n\nAdditional information Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. ",
"Authors’ contributions MJH and JEB conceived the idea of an editorial on this topic. ",
"RNA, BS, YH, CM, JWM, YO, MDH, NRG, MJH, and JEB designed the alternative standard. ",
"RNA, BS, YH, MJH, and JEB performed probability calculations and analyzed parts in the Registry. ",
"RNA, BS, YH, CM, MJH, and JEB made the figures. ",
"All authors wrote, edited, and approved the final version of the manuscript. ",
"Razan N Alnahhas, Ben Slater contributed equally to this work.",
"\n\nAuthors’ original submitted files for images Below are the links to the authors’ original submitted files for images. ",
"Authors’ original file for figure 1 Authors’ original file for figure 2\n\nRights and permissions Reprints and Permissions"
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[
"Effect of cholesterol on the properties of phospholipid membranes. ",
"4. ",
"Interatomic voids.",
"\nThe properties of the interatomic voids present in fully hydrated dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC)-cholesterol mixed membranes of different compositions are analyzed in detail using a generalized variant of the Voronoi-Delaunay method on the basis of computer simulation results. ",
"The systems investigated are chosen from both sides of the DMPC-cholesterol miscibility gap; the pure DMPC bilayer has also been included in the analysis as a reference system. ",
"The results obtained show that the empty space is organized in a more compact way, forming larger voids in the presence than in the absence of cholesterol. ",
"The voids located in the region of the rigid cholesterol rings become, on average, less spherical, oriented more parallel with the membrane normal axis with increasing cholesterol concentration, whereas an opposite effect of cholesterol is observed in the middle of the membrane among the chain terminal methyl groups. ",
"In general, the preferential orientation of the voids is found to strongly correlate with that of the molecules in the hydrocarbon phase of the membranes. ",
"The membranes are found to contain rather large voids, the volume of which can be an order of magnitude larger than the largest spherical cavities present in the systems. ",
"These voids are elongated or branching channels rather than big empty holes. ",
"The voids located among the DMPC and cholesterol molecules are lying preferably parallel with the membrane normal axis. ",
"The existence of such empty channels can be of great importance in the cross-membrane permeation of small, uncharged penetrants, in particular, of polar molecules."
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[
"# frozen_string_literal: true\n\nrequire \"rubocop\"\n\nmodule RuboCop\n module Cop\n module GitHub\n class RailsRenderObjectCollection < Cop\n MSG = \"Avoid `render object:`\"\n\n def_node_matcher :render_with_options?, ",
"<<-PATTERN\n (send nil? :",
"render (hash $...) ...)\n PATTERN\n\n def_node_matcher :partial_key?, ",
"<<-PATTERN\n (pair (sym :partial) $_)\n PATTERN\n\n def_node_matcher :object_key?, ",
"<<-PATTERN\n (pair (sym ${:object :collection :spacer_template}) $_)\n PATTERN\n\n def on_send(node)\n if option_pairs = render_with_options?(node)\n partial_pair = option_pairs.detect { |pair| partial_key?(pair) }\n object_pair = option_pairs.detect { |pair| object_key?(pair) }\n\n if partial_pair && object_pair\n partial_name = partial_key?(partial_pair)\n object_sym, object_node = object_key?(object_pair)\n\n case object_sym\n when :object\n if partial_name.children[0].is_a?(String)\n suggestion = \", instead `render partial: #{partial_name.source}, locals: { #{File.basename(partial_name.children[0], '.html.erb')}: #{object_node.source} }`\"\n end\n add_offense(node, location: :expression, message: \"Avoid `render object:`#{suggestion}\")\n when :collection, :spacer_template\n add_offense(node, location: :expression, message: \"Avoid `render collection:`\")\n end\n end\n end\n end\n end\n end\n end\nend\n"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
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[
"// Copyright 2013 The Go Authors. ",
"All rights reserved.",
"\n// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style\n// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.",
"\n\npackage pointer\n\n// This file defines the constraint generation phase.",
"\n\n// TODO(adonovan): move the constraint definitions and the store() etc\n// functions which add them (and are also used by the solver) into a\n// new file, constraints.go.",
"\n\nimport (\n\t\"fmt\"\n\t\"go/token\"\n\t\"go/types\"\n\n\t\"golang.org/x/tools/go/callgraph\"\n\t\"golang.org/x/tools/go/ssa\"\n)\n\nvar (\n\ttEface = types.",
"NewInterface(nil, nil).Complete()\n\ttInvalid = types.",
"Typ[types.",
"Invalid]\n\ttUnsafePtr = types.",
"Typ[types.",
"UnsafePointer]\n)\n\n// ---------- Node creation ----------\n\n// nextNode returns the index of the next unused node.",
"\nfunc (a *analysis) nextNode() nodeid {\n\treturn nodeid(len(a.nodes))\n}\n\n// addNodes creates nodes for all scalar elements in type typ, and\n// returns the id of the first one, or zero if the type was\n// analytically uninteresting.",
"\n//\n// comment explains the origin of the nodes, as a debugging aid.",
"\n//\nfunc (a *analysis) addNodes(typ types.",
"Type, comment string) nodeid {\n\tid := a.nextNode()\n\tfor _, fi := range a.flatten(typ) {\n\t\ta.addOneNode(fi.typ, comment, fi)\n\t}\n\tif id == a.nextNode() {\n\t\treturn 0 // type contained no pointers\n\t}\n\treturn id\n}\n\n// addOneNode creates a single node with type typ, and returns its id.\n//\n// typ should generally be scalar (except for tagged.",
"T nodes\n// and struct/array identity nodes). ",
" Use addNodes for non-scalar types.",
"\n//\n// comment explains the origin of the nodes, as a debugging aid.",
"\n// subelement indicates the subelement, e.g. \".a.b[*].c\".",
"\n//\nfunc (a *analysis) addOneNode(typ types.",
"Type, comment string, subelement *fieldInfo) nodeid {\n\tid := a.nextNode()\n\ta.nodes = append(a.nodes, &node{typ: typ, subelement: subelement, solve: new(solverState)})\n\tif a.log !",
"= nil {\n\t\tfmt.",
"Fprintf(a.log, \"\\tcreate n%d %s for %s%s\\n\",\n\t\t\tid, typ, comment, subelement.path())\n\t}\n\treturn id\n}\n\n// setValueNode associates node id with the value v.\n// cgn identifies the context iff v is a local variable.",
"\n//\nfunc (a *analysis) setValueNode(v ssa.",
"Value, id nodeid, cgn *cgnode) {\n\tif cgn !",
"= nil {\n\t\ta.localval[v] = id\n\t} else {\n\t\ta.globalval[v] = id\n\t}\n\tif a.log !",
"= nil {\n\t\tfmt.",
"Fprintf(a.log, \"\\tval[%s] = n%d (%T)\\n\", v.Name(), id, v)\n\t}\n\n\t// Due to context-sensitivity, we may encounter the same Value\n\t// in many contexts. ",
"We merge them to a canonical node, since\n\t// that's what all clients want.",
"\n\n\t// Record the (v, id) relation if the client has queried pts(v).",
"\n\tif _, ok := a.config.",
"Queries[v]; ok {\n\t\tt := v.Type()\n\t\tptr, ok := a.result.",
"Queries[v]\n\t\tif !",
"ok {\n\t\t\t// First time? ",
" Create the canonical query node.",
"\n\t\t\tptr = Pointer{a, a.addNodes(t, \"query\")}\n\t\t\ta.result.",
"Queries[v] = ptr\n\t\t}\n\t\ta.result.",
"Queries[v] = ptr\n\t\ta.copy(ptr.n, id, a.sizeof(t))\n\t}\n\n\t// Record the (*v, id) relation if the client has queried pts(*v).",
"\n\tif _, ok := a.config.",
"IndirectQueries[v]; ok {\n\t\tt := v.Type()\n\t\tptr, ok := a.result.",
"IndirectQueries[v]\n\t\tif !",
"ok {\n\t\t\t// First time? ",
"Create the canonical indirect query node.",
"\n\t\t\tptr = Pointer{a, a.addNodes(v.",
"Type(), \"query.indirect\")}\n\t\t\ta.result.",
"IndirectQueries[v] = ptr\n\t\t}\n\t\ta.genLoad(cgn, ptr.n, v, 0, a.sizeof(t))\n\t}\n\n\tfor _, query := range a.config.extendedQueries[v] {\n\t\tt, nid := a.evalExtendedQuery(v.",
"Type().Underlying(), id, query.ops)\n\n\t\tif query.ptr.a == nil {\n\t\t\tquery.ptr.a = a\n\t\t\tquery.ptr.n = a.addNodes(t, \"query.extended\")\n\t\t}\n\t\ta.copy(query.ptr.n, nid, a.sizeof(t))\n\t}\n}\n\n// endObject marks the end of a sequence of calls to addNodes denoting\n// a single object allocation.",
"\n//\n// obj is the start node of the object, from a prior call to nextNode.",
"\n// Its size, flags and optional data will be updated.",
"\n//\nfunc (a *analysis) endObject(obj nodeid, cgn *cgnode, data interface{}) *object {\n\t// Ensure object is non-empty by padding;\n\t// the pad will be the object node.",
"\n\tsize := uint32(a.nextNode() - obj)\n\tif size == 0 {\n\t\ta.addOneNode(tInvalid, \"padding\", nil)\n\t}\n\tobjNode := a.nodes[obj]\n\to := &object{\n\t\tsize: size, // excludes padding\n\t\tcgn: cgn,\n\t\tdata: data,\n\t}\n\tobjNode.obj = o\n\n\treturn o\n}\n\n// makeFunctionObject creates and returns a new function object\n// (contour) for fn, and returns the id of its first node. ",
" It also\n// enqueues fn for subsequent constraint generation.",
"\n//\n// For a context-sensitive contour, callersite identifies the sole\n// callsite; for shared contours, caller is nil.",
"\n//\nfunc (a *analysis) makeFunctionObject(fn *ssa.",
"Function, callersite *callsite) nodeid {\n\tif a.log !",
"= nil {\n\t\tfmt.",
"Fprintf(a.log, \"\\t---- makeFunctionObject %s\\n\", fn)\n\t}\n\n\t// obj is the function object (identity, params, results).",
"\n\tobj := a.nextNode()\n\tcgn := a.makeCGNode(fn, obj, callersite)\n\tsig := fn.",
"Signature\n\ta.addOneNode(sig, \"func.cgnode\", nil) // (scalar with Signature type)\n\tif recv := sig.",
"Recv(); recv !",
"= nil {\n\t\ta.addNodes(recv.",
"Type(), \"func.recv\")\n\t}\n\ta.addNodes(sig.",
"Params(), \"func.params\")\n\ta.addNodes(sig.",
"Results(), \"func.results\")\n\ta.endObject(obj, cgn, fn).flags |= otFunction\n\n\tif a.log !",
"= nil {\n\t\tfmt.",
"Fprintf(a.log, \"\\t----\\n\")\n\t}\n\n\t// Queue it up for constraint processing.",
"\n\ta.genq = append(a.genq, cgn)\n\n\treturn obj\n}\n\n// makeTagged creates a tagged object of type typ.",
"\nfunc (a *analysis) makeTagged(typ types.",
"Type, cgn *cgnode, data interface{}) nodeid {\n\tobj := a.addOneNode(typ, \"tagged.",
"T\", nil) // NB: type may be non-scalar!",
"\n\ta.addNodes(typ, \"tagged.v\")\n\ta.endObject(obj, cgn, data).flags |= otTagged\n\treturn obj\n}\n\n// makeRtype returns the canonical tagged object of type *rtype whose\n// payload points to the sole rtype object for T.\n//\n// TODO(adonovan): move to reflect.go; it's part of the solver really.",
"\n//\nfunc (a *analysis) makeRtype(T types.",
"Type) nodeid {\n\tif v := a.rtypes.",
"At(T); v !",
"= nil {\n\t\treturn v.(nodeid)\n\t}\n\n\t// Create the object for the reflect.rtype itself, which is\n\t// ordinarily a large struct but here a single node will do.",
"\n\tobj := a.nextNode()\n\ta.addOneNode(T, \"reflect.rtype\", nil)\n\ta.endObject(obj, nil, T)\n\n\tid := a.makeTagged(a.reflectRtypePtr, nil, T)\n\ta.nodes[id+1].typ = T // trick (each *rtype tagged object is a singleton)\n\ta.addressOf(a.reflectRtypePtr, id+1, obj)\n\n\ta.rtypes.",
"Set(T, id)\n\treturn id\n}\n\n// rtypeValue returns the type of the *reflect.rtype-tagged object obj.",
"\nfunc (a *analysis) rtypeTaggedValue(obj nodeid) types.",
"Type {\n\ttDyn, t, _ := a.taggedValue(obj)\n\tif tDyn !",
"= a.reflectRtypePtr {\n\t\tpanic(fmt.",
"Sprintf(\"not a *reflect.rtype-tagged object: obj=n%d tag=%v payload=n%d\", obj, tDyn, t))\n\t}\n\treturn a.nodes[t].typ\n}\n\n// valueNode returns the id of the value node for v, creating it (and\n// the association) as needed. ",
" It may return zero for uninteresting\n// values containing no pointers.",
"\n//\nfunc (a *analysis) valueNode(v ssa.",
"Value) nodeid {\n\t// Value nodes for locals are created en masse by genFunc.",
"\n\tif id, ok := a.localval[v]; ok {\n\t\treturn id\n\t}\n\n\t// Value nodes for globals are created on demand.",
"\n\tid, ok := a.globalval[v]\n\tif !",
"ok {\n\t\tvar comment string\n\t\tif a.log !",
"= nil {\n\t\t\tcomment = v.String()\n\t\t}\n\t\tid = a.addNodes(v.",
"Type(), comment)\n\t\tif obj := a.objectNode(nil, v); obj !",
"= 0 {\n\t\t\ta.addressOf(v.",
"Type(), id, obj)\n\t\t}\n\t\ta.setValueNode(v, id, nil)\n\t}\n\treturn id\n}\n\n// valueOffsetNode ascertains the node for tuple/struct value v,\n// then returns the node for its subfield #index.",
"\n//\nfunc (a *analysis) valueOffsetNode(v ssa.",
"Value, index int) nodeid {\n\tid := a.valueNode(v)\n\tif id == 0 {\n\t\tpanic(fmt.",
"Sprintf(\"cannot offset within n0: %s = %s\", v.Name(), v))\n\t}\n\treturn id + nodeid(a.offsetOf(v.",
"Type(), index))\n}\n\n// isTaggedObject reports whether object obj is a tagged object.",
"\nfunc (a *analysis) isTaggedObject(obj nodeid) bool {\n\treturn a.nodes[obj].obj.flags&otTagged !",
"= 0\n}\n\n// taggedValue returns the dynamic type tag, the (first node of the)\n// payload, and the indirect flag of the tagged object starting at id.\n// Panic ensues if !",
"isTaggedObject(id).",
"\n//\nfunc (a *analysis) taggedValue(obj nodeid) (tDyn types.",
"Type, v nodeid, indirect bool) {\n\tn := a.nodes[obj]\n\tflags := n.obj.flags\n\tif flags&otTagged == 0 {\n\t\tpanic(fmt.",
"Sprintf(\"not a tagged object: n%d\", obj))\n\t}\n\treturn n.typ, obj + 1, flags&otIndirect !",
"= 0\n}\n\n// funcParams returns the first node of the params (P) block of the\n// function whose object node (obj.flags&otFunction) is id.\n//\nfunc (a *analysis) funcParams(id nodeid) nodeid {\n\tn := a.nodes[id]\n\tif n.obj == nil || n.obj.flags&otFunction == 0 {\n\t\tpanic(fmt.",
"Sprintf(\"funcParams(n%d): not a function object block\", id))\n\t}\n\treturn id + 1\n}\n\n// funcResults returns the first node of the results (R) block of the\n// function whose object node (obj.flags&otFunction) is id.\n//\nfunc (a *analysis) funcResults(id nodeid) nodeid {\n\tn := a.nodes[id]\n\tif n.obj == nil || n.obj.flags&otFunction == 0 {\n\t\tpanic(fmt.",
"Sprintf(\"funcResults(n%d): not a function object block\", id))\n\t}\n\tsig := n.typ.(*types.",
"Signature)\n\tid += 1 + nodeid(a.sizeof(sig.",
"Params()))\n\tif sig.",
"Recv() !",
"= nil {\n\t\tid += nodeid(a.sizeof(sig.",
"Recv().Type()))\n\t}\n\treturn id\n}\n\n// ---------- Constraint creation ----------\n\n// copy creates a constraint of the form dst = src.",
"\n// sizeof is the width (in logical fields) of the copied type.",
"\n//\nfunc (a *analysis) copy(dst, src nodeid, sizeof uint32) {\n\tif src == dst || sizeof == 0 {\n\t\treturn // trivial\n\t}\n\tif src == 0 || dst == 0 {\n\t\tpanic(fmt.",
"Sprintf(\"ill-typed copy dst=n%d src=n%d\", dst, src))\n\t}\n\tfor i := uint32(0); i < sizeof; i++ {\n\t\ta.addConstraint(©Constraint{dst, src})\n\t\tsrc++\n\t\tdst++\n\t}\n}\n\n// addressOf creates a constraint of the form id = &obj.",
"\n// T is the type of the address.",
"\nfunc (a *analysis) addressOf(T types.",
"Type, id, obj nodeid) {\n\tif id == 0 {\n\t\tpanic(\"addressOf: zero id\")\n\t}\n\tif obj == 0 {\n\t\tpanic(\"addressOf: zero obj\")\n\t}\n\tif a.shouldTrack(T) {\n\t\ta.addConstraint(&addrConstraint{id, obj})\n\t}\n}\n\n// load creates a load constraint of the form dst = src[offset].",
"\n// offset is the pointer offset in logical fields.",
"\n// sizeof is the width (in logical fields) of the loaded type.",
"\n//\nfunc (a *analysis) load(dst, src nodeid, offset, sizeof uint32) {\n\tif dst == 0 {\n\t\treturn // load of non-pointerlike value\n\t}\n\tif src == 0 && dst == 0 {\n\t\treturn // non-pointerlike operation\n\t}\n\tif src == 0 || dst == 0 {\n\t\tpanic(fmt.",
"Sprintf(\"ill-typed load dst=n%d src=n%d\", dst, src))\n\t}\n\tfor i := uint32(0); i < sizeof; i++ {\n\t\ta.addConstraint(&loadConstraint{offset, dst, src})\n\t\toffset++\n\t\tdst++\n\t}\n}\n\n// store creates a store constraint of the form dst[offset] = src.",
"\n// offset is the pointer offset in logical fields.",
"\n// sizeof is the width (in logical fields) of the stored type.",
"\n//\nfunc (a *analysis) store(dst, src nodeid, offset uint32, sizeof uint32) {\n\tif src == 0 {\n\t\treturn // store of non-pointerlike value\n\t}\n\tif src == 0 && dst == 0 {\n\t\treturn // non-pointerlike operation\n\t}\n\tif src == 0 || dst == 0 {\n\t\tpanic(fmt.",
"Sprintf(\"ill-typed store dst=n%d src=n%d\", dst, src))\n\t}\n\tfor i := uint32(0); i < sizeof; i++ {\n\t\ta.addConstraint(&storeConstraint{offset, dst, src})\n\t\toffset++\n\t\tsrc++\n\t}\n}\n\n// offsetAddr creates an offsetAddr constraint of the form dst = &src.#offset.",
"\n// offset is the field offset in logical fields.",
"\n// T is the type of the address.",
"\n//\nfunc (a *analysis) offsetAddr(T types.",
"Type, dst, src nodeid, offset uint32) {\n\tif !",
"a.shouldTrack(T) {\n\t\treturn\n\t}\n\tif offset == 0 {\n\t\t// Simplify dst = &src->f0\n\t\t// to dst = src\n\t\t// (NB: this optimisation is defeated by the identity\n\t\t// field prepended to struct and array objects.)",
"\n\t\ta.copy(dst, src, 1)\n\t} else {\n\t\ta.addConstraint(&offsetAddrConstraint{offset, dst, src})\n\t}\n}\n\n// typeAssert creates a typeFilter or untag constraint of the form dst = src.(T):\n// typeFilter for an interface, untag for a concrete type.",
"\n// The exact flag is specified as for untagConstraint.",
"\n//\nfunc (a *analysis) typeAssert(T types.",
"Type, dst, src nodeid, exact bool) {\n\tif isInterface(T) {\n\t\ta.addConstraint(&typeFilterConstraint{T, dst, src})\n\t} else {\n\t\ta.addConstraint(&untagConstraint{T, dst, src, exact})\n\t}\n}\n\n// addConstraint adds c to the constraint set.",
"\nfunc (a *analysis) addConstraint(c constraint) {\n\ta.constraints = append(a.constraints, c)\n\tif a.log !",
"= nil {\n\t\tfmt.",
"Fprintf(a.log, \"\\t%s\\n\", c)\n\t}\n}\n\n// copyElems generates load/store constraints for *dst = *src,\n// where src and dst are slices or *arrays.",
"\n//\nfunc (a *analysis) copyElems(cgn *cgnode, typ types.",
"Type, dst, src ssa.",
"Value) {\n\ttmp := a.addNodes(typ, \"copy\")\n\tsz := a.sizeof(typ)\n\ta.genLoad(cgn, tmp, src, 1, sz)\n\ta.genStore(cgn, dst, tmp, 1, sz)\n}\n\n// ---------- Constraint generation ----------\n\n// genConv generates constraints for the conversion operation conv.",
"\nfunc (a *analysis) genConv(conv *ssa.",
"Convert, cgn *cgnode) {\n\tres := a.valueNode(conv)\n\tif res == 0 {\n\t\treturn // result is non-pointerlike\n\t}\n\n\ttSrc := conv.",
"X.Type()\n\ttDst := conv.",
"Type()\n\n\tswitch utSrc := tSrc.",
"Underlying().(type) {\n\tcase *types.",
"Slice:\n\t\t// []byte/[]rune -> string?",
"\n\t\treturn\n\n\tcase *types.",
"Pointer:\n\t\t// *T -> unsafe.",
"Pointer?",
"\n\t\tif tDst.",
"Underlying() == tUnsafePtr {\n\t\t\treturn // we don't model unsafe aliasing (unsound)\n\t\t}\n\n\tcase *types.",
"Basic:\n\t\tswitch tDst.",
"Underlying().(type) {\n\t\tcase *types.",
"Pointer:\n\t\t\t// Treat unsafe.",
"Pointer->*T conversions like\n\t\t\t// new(T) and create an unaliased object.",
"\n\t\t\tif utSrc == tUnsafePtr {\n\t\t\t\tobj := a.addNodes(mustDeref(tDst), \"unsafe.",
"Pointer conversion\")\n\t\t\t\ta.endObject(obj, cgn, conv)\n\t\t\t\ta.addressOf(tDst, res, obj)\n\t\t\t\treturn\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\tcase *types.",
"Slice:\n\t\t\t// string -> []byte/[]rune (or named aliases)?",
"\n\t\t\tif utSrc.",
"Info()&types.",
"IsString !",
"= 0 {\n\t\t\t\tobj := a.addNodes(sliceToArray(tDst), \"convert\")\n\t\t\t\ta.endObject(obj, cgn, conv)\n\t\t\t\ta.addressOf(tDst, res, obj)\n\t\t\t\treturn\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\tcase *types.",
"Basic:\n\t\t\t// All basic-to-basic type conversions are no-ops.",
"\n\t\t\t// This includes uintptr<->unsafe.",
"Pointer conversions,\n\t\t\t// which we (unsoundly) ignore.",
"\n\t\t\treturn\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\n\tpanic(fmt.",
"Sprintf(\"illegal *ssa.",
"Convert %s -> %s: %s\", tSrc, tDst, conv.",
"Parent()))\n}\n\n// genAppend generates constraints for a call to append.",
"\nfunc (a *analysis) genAppend(instr *ssa.",
"Call, cgn *cgnode) {\n\t// Consider z = append(x, y). ",
" y is optional.",
"\n\t// This may allocate a new [1]T array; call its object w.\n\t// We get the following constraints:\n\t// \tz = x\n\t// \tz = &w\n\t// *z = *y\n\n\tx := instr.",
"Call.",
"Args[0]\n\n\tz := instr\n\ta.copy(a.valueNode(z), a.valueNode(x), 1) // z = x\n\n\tif len(instr.",
"Call.",
"Args) == 1 {\n\t\treturn // no allocation for z = append(x) or _ = append(x).",
"\n\t}\n\n\t// TODO(adonovan): test append([]byte, ...string) []byte.",
"\n\n\ty := instr.",
"Call.",
"Args[1]\n\ttArray := sliceToArray(instr.",
"Call.",
"Args[0].Type())\n\n\tvar w nodeid\n\tw = a.nextNode()\n\ta.addNodes(tArray, \"append\")\n\ta.endObject(w, cgn, instr)\n\n\ta.copyElems(cgn, tArray.",
"Elem(), z, y) // *z = *y\n\ta.addressOf(instr.",
"Type(), a.valueNode(z), w) // z = &w\n}\n\n// genBuiltinCall generates contraints for a call to a built-in.",
"\nfunc (a *analysis) genBuiltinCall(instr ssa.",
"CallInstruction, cgn *cgnode) {\n\tcall := instr.",
"Common()\n\tswitch call.",
"Value.(*ssa.",
"Builtin).Name() {\n\tcase \"append\":\n\t\t// Safe cast: append cannot appear in a go or defer statement.",
"\n\t\ta.genAppend(instr.(*ssa.",
"Call), cgn)\n\n\tcase \"copy\":\n\t\ttElem := call.",
"Args[0].Type().Underlying().(*types.",
"Slice).Elem()\n\t\ta.copyElems(cgn, tElem, call.",
"Args[0], call.",
"Args[1])\n\n\tcase \"panic\":\n\t\ta.copy(a.panicNode, a.valueNode(call.",
"Args[0]), 1)\n\n\tcase \"recover\":\n\t\tif v := instr.",
"Value(); v !",
"= nil {\n\t\t\ta.copy(a.valueNode(v), a.panicNode, 1)\n\t\t}\n\n\tcase \"print\":\n\t\t// In the tests, the probe might be the sole reference\n\t\t// to its arg, so make sure we create nodes for it.",
"\n\t\tif len(call.",
"Args) > 0 {\n\t\t\ta.valueNode(call.",
"Args[0])\n\t\t}\n\n\tcase \"ssa:wrapnilchk\":\n\t\ta.copy(a.valueNode(instr.",
"Value()), a.valueNode(call.",
"Args[0]), 1)\n\n\tdefault:\n\t\t// No-ops: close len cap real imag complex print println delete.",
"\n\t}\n}\n\n// shouldUseContext defines the context-sensitivity policy. ",
" It\n// returns true if we should analyse all static calls to fn anew.",
"\n//\n// Obviously this interface rather limits how much freedom we have to\n// choose a policy. ",
" The current policy, rather arbitrarily, is true\n// for intrinsics and accessor methods (actually: short, single-block,\n// call-free functions). ",
" This is just a starting point.",
"\n//\nfunc (a *analysis) shouldUseContext(fn *ssa.",
"Function) bool {\n\tif a.findIntrinsic(fn) !",
"= nil {\n\t\treturn true // treat intrinsics context-sensitively\n\t}\n\tif len(fn.",
"Blocks) !",
"= 1 {\n\t\treturn false // too expensive\n\t}\n\tblk := fn.",
"Blocks[0]\n\tif len(blk.",
"Instrs) > 10 {\n\t\treturn false // too expensive\n\t}\n\tif fn.",
"Synthetic !",
"= \"\" && (fn.",
"Pkg == nil || fn !",
"= fn.",
"Pkg.",
"Func(\"init\")) {\n\t\treturn true // treat synthetic wrappers context-sensitively\n\t}\n\tfor _, instr := range blk.",
"Instrs {\n\t\tswitch instr := instr.(type) {\n\t\tcase ssa.",
"CallInstruction:\n\t\t\t// Disallow function calls (except to built-ins)\n\t\t\t// because of the danger of unbounded recursion.",
"\n\t\t\tif _, ok := instr.",
"Common().Value.(*ssa.",
"Builtin); !",
"ok {\n\t\t\t\treturn false\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\treturn true\n}\n\n// genStaticCall generates constraints for a statically dispatched function call.",
"\nfunc (a *analysis) genStaticCall(caller *cgnode, site *callsite, call *ssa.",
"CallCommon, result nodeid) {\n\tfn := call.",
"StaticCallee()\n\n\t// Special cases for inlined intrinsics.",
"\n\tswitch fn {\n\tcase a.runtimeSetFinalizer:\n\t\t// Inline SetFinalizer so the call appears direct.",
"\n\t\tsite.targets = a.addOneNode(tInvalid, \"SetFinalizer.targets\", nil)\n\t\ta.addConstraint(&runtimeSetFinalizerConstraint{\n\t\t\ttargets: site.targets,\n\t\t\tx: a.valueNode(call.",
"Args[0]),\n\t\t\tf: a.valueNode(call.",
"Args[1]),\n\t\t})\n\t\treturn\n\n\tcase a.reflectValueCall:\n\t\t// Inline (reflect.",
"Value).Call so the call appears direct.",
"\n\t\tdotdotdot := false\n\t\tret := reflectCallImpl(a, caller, site, a.valueNode(call.",
"Args[0]), a.valueNode(call.",
"Args[1]), dotdotdot)\n\t\tif result !",
"= 0 {\n\t\t\ta.addressOf(fn.",
"Signature.",
"Results().At(0).Type(), result, ret)\n\t\t}\n\t\treturn\n\t}\n\n\t// Ascertain the context (contour/cgnode) for a particular call.",
"\n\tvar obj nodeid\n\tif a.shouldUseContext(fn) {\n\t\tobj = a.makeFunctionObject(fn, site) // new contour\n\t} else {\n\t\tobj = a.objectNode(nil, fn) // shared contour\n\t}\n\ta.callEdge(caller, site, obj)\n\n\tsig := call.",
"Signature()\n\n\t// Copy receiver, if any.",
"\n\tparams := a.funcParams(obj)\n\targs := call.",
"Args\n\tif sig.",
"Recv() !",
"= nil {\n\t\tsz := a.sizeof(sig.",
"Recv().Type())\n\t\ta.copy(params, a.valueNode(args[0]), sz)\n\t\tparams += nodeid(sz)\n\t\targs = args[1:]\n\t}\n\n\t// Copy actual parameters into formal params block.",
"\n\t// Must loop, since the actuals aren't contiguous.",
"\n\tfor i, arg := range args {\n\t\tsz := a.sizeof(sig.",
"Params().At(i).Type())\n\t\ta.copy(params, a.valueNode(arg), sz)\n\t\tparams += nodeid(sz)\n\t}\n\n\t// Copy formal results block to actual result.",
"\n\tif result !",
"= 0 {\n\t\ta.copy(result, a.funcResults(obj), a.sizeof(sig.",
"Results()))\n\t}\n}\n\n// genDynamicCall generates constraints for a dynamic function call.",
"\nfunc (a *analysis) genDynamicCall(caller *cgnode, site *callsite, call *ssa.",
"CallCommon, result nodeid) {\n\t// pts(targets) will be the set of possible call targets.",
"\n\tsite.targets = a.valueNode(call.",
"Value)\n\n\t// We add dynamic closure rules that store the arguments into\n\t// the P-block and load the results from the R-block of each\n\t// function discovered in pts(targets).",
"\n\n\tsig := call.",
"Signature()\n\tvar offset uint32 = 1 // P/R block starts at offset 1\n\tfor i, arg := range call.",
"Args {\n\t\tsz := a.sizeof(sig.",
"Params().At(i).Type())\n\t\ta.genStore(caller, call.",
"Value, a.valueNode(arg), offset, sz)\n\t\toffset += sz\n\t}\n\tif result !",
"= 0 {\n\t\ta.genLoad(caller, result, call.",
"Value, offset, a.sizeof(sig.",
"Results()))\n\t}\n}\n\n// genInvoke generates constraints for a dynamic method invocation.",
"\nfunc (a *analysis) genInvoke(caller *cgnode, site *callsite, call *ssa.",
"CallCommon, result nodeid) {\n\tif call.",
"Value.",
"Type() == a.reflectType {\n\t\ta.genInvokeReflectType(caller, site, call, result)\n\t\treturn\n\t}\n\n\tsig := call.",
"Signature()\n\n\t// Allocate a contiguous targets/params/results block for this call.",
"\n\tblock := a.nextNode()\n\t// pts(targets) will be the set of possible call targets\n\tsite.targets = a.addOneNode(sig, \"invoke.targets\", nil)\n\tp := a.addNodes(sig.",
"Params(), \"invoke.params\")\n\tr := a.addNodes(sig.",
"Results(), \"invoke.results\")\n\n\t// Copy the actual parameters into the call's params block.",
"\n\tfor i, n := 0, sig.",
"Params().Len(); i < n; i++ {\n\t\tsz := a.sizeof(sig.",
"Params().At(i).Type())\n\t\ta.copy(p, a.valueNode(call.",
"Args[i]), sz)\n\t\tp += nodeid(sz)\n\t}\n\t// Copy the call's results block to the actual results.",
"\n\tif result !",
"= 0 {\n\t\ta.copy(result, r, a.sizeof(sig.",
"Results()))\n\t}\n\n\t// We add a dynamic invoke constraint that will connect the\n\t// caller's and the callee's P/R blocks for each discovered\n\t// call target.",
"\n\ta.addConstraint(&invokeConstraint{call.",
"Method, a.valueNode(call.",
"Value), block})\n}\n\n// genInvokeReflectType is a specialization of genInvoke where the\n// receiver type is a reflect.",
"Type, under the assumption that there\n// can be at most one implementation of this interface, *reflect.rtype.",
"\n//\n// (Though this may appear to be an instance of a pattern---method\n// calls on interfaces known to have exactly one implementation---in\n// practice it occurs rarely, so we special case for reflect.",
"Type.)",
"\n//\n// In effect we treat this:\n// var rt reflect.",
"Type = ...\n// rt.",
"F()\n// as this:\n// rt.(*reflect.rtype).F()\n//\nfunc (a *analysis) genInvokeReflectType(caller *cgnode, site *callsite, call *ssa.",
"CallCommon, result nodeid) {\n\t// Unpack receiver into rtype\n\trtype := a.addOneNode(a.reflectRtypePtr, \"rtype.recv\", nil)\n\trecv := a.valueNode(call.",
"Value)\n\ta.typeAssert(a.reflectRtypePtr, rtype, recv, true)\n\n\t// Look up the concrete method.",
"\n\tfn := a.prog.",
"LookupMethod(a.reflectRtypePtr, call.",
"Method.",
"Pkg(), call.",
"Method.",
"Name())\n\n\tobj := a.makeFunctionObject(fn, site) // new contour for this call\n\ta.callEdge(caller, site, obj)\n\n\t// From now on, it's essentially a static call, but little is\n\t// gained by factoring together the code for both cases.",
"\n\n\tsig := fn.",
"Signature // concrete method\n\ttargets := a.addOneNode(sig, \"call.targets\", nil)\n\ta.addressOf(sig, targets, obj) // (a singleton)\n\n\t// Copy receiver.",
"\n\tparams := a.funcParams(obj)\n\ta.copy(params, rtype, 1)\n\tparams++\n\n\t// Copy actual parameters into formal P-block.",
"\n\t// Must loop, since the actuals aren't contiguous.",
"\n\tfor i, arg := range call.",
"Args {\n\t\tsz := a.sizeof(sig.",
"Params().At(i).Type())\n\t\ta.copy(params, a.valueNode(arg), sz)\n\t\tparams += nodeid(sz)\n\t}\n\n\t// Copy formal R-block to actual R-block.",
"\n\tif result !",
"= 0 {\n\t\ta.copy(result, a.funcResults(obj), a.sizeof(sig.",
"Results()))\n\t}\n}\n\n// genCall generates constraints for call instruction instr.",
"\nfunc (a *analysis) genCall(caller *cgnode, instr ssa.",
"CallInstruction) {\n\tcall := instr.",
"Common()\n\n\t// Intrinsic implementations of built-in functions.",
"\n\tif _, ok := call.",
"Value.(*ssa.",
"Builtin); ok {\n\t\ta.genBuiltinCall(instr, caller)\n\t\treturn\n\t}\n\n\tvar result nodeid\n\tif v := instr.",
"Value(); v !",
"= nil {\n\t\tresult = a.valueNode(v)\n\t}\n\n\tsite := &callsite{instr: instr}\n\tif call.",
"StaticCallee() !",
"= nil {\n\t\ta.genStaticCall(caller, site, call, result)\n\t} else if call.",
"IsInvoke() {\n\t\ta.genInvoke(caller, site, call, result)\n\t} else {\n\t\ta.genDynamicCall(caller, site, call, result)\n\t}\n\n\tcaller.sites = append(caller.sites, site)\n\n\tif a.log !",
"= nil {\n\t\t// TODO(adonovan): debug: improve log message.",
"\n\t\tfmt.",
"Fprintf(a.log, \"\\t%s to targets %s from %s\\n\", site, site.targets, caller)\n\t}\n}\n\n// objectNode returns the object to which v points, if known.",
"\n// In other words, if the points-to set of v is a singleton, it\n// returns the sole label, zero otherwise.",
"\n//\n// We exploit this information to make the generated constraints less\n// dynamic. ",
" For example, a complex load constraint can be replaced by\n// a simple copy constraint when the sole destination is known a priori.",
"\n//\n// Some SSA instructions always have singletons points-to sets:\n// \tAlloc, Function, Global, MakeChan, MakeClosure, MakeInterface, MakeMap, MakeSlice.",
"\n// Others may be singletons depending on their operands:\n// \tFreeVar, Const, Convert, FieldAddr, IndexAddr, Slice.",
"\n//\n// Idempotent. ",
" Objects are created as needed, possibly via recursion\n// down the SSA value graph, e.g IndexAddr(FieldAddr(Alloc))).",
"\n//\nfunc (a *analysis) objectNode(cgn *cgnode, v ssa.",
"Value) nodeid {\n\tswitch v.(type) {\n\tcase *ssa.",
"Global, *ssa.",
"Function, *ssa.",
"Const, *ssa.",
"FreeVar:\n\t\t// Global object.",
"\n\t\tobj, ok := a.globalobj[v]\n\t\tif !",
"ok {\n\t\t\tswitch v := v.(type) {\n\t\t\tcase *ssa.",
"Global:\n\t\t\t\tobj = a.nextNode()\n\t\t\t\ta.addNodes(mustDeref(v.",
"Type()), \"global\")\n\t\t\t\ta.endObject(obj, nil, v)\n\n\t\t\tcase *ssa.",
"Function:\n\t\t\t\tobj = a.makeFunctionObject(v, nil)\n\n\t\t\tcase *ssa.",
"Const:\n\t\t\t\t// not addressable\n\n\t\t\tcase *ssa.",
"FreeVar:\n\t\t\t\t// not addressable\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\tif a.log !",
"= nil {\n\t\t\t\tfmt.",
"Fprintf(a.log, \"\\tglobalobj[%s] = n%d\\n\", v, obj)\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\ta.globalobj[v] = obj\n\t\t}\n\t\treturn obj\n\t}\n\n\t// Local object.",
"\n\tobj, ok := a.localobj[v]\n\tif !",
"ok {\n\t\tswitch v := v.(type) {\n\t\tcase *ssa.",
"Alloc:\n\t\t\tobj = a.nextNode()\n\t\t\ta.addNodes(mustDeref(v.",
"Type()), \"alloc\")\n\t\t\ta.endObject(obj, cgn, v)\n\n\t\tcase *ssa.",
"MakeSlice:\n\t\t\tobj = a.nextNode()\n\t\t\ta.addNodes(sliceToArray(v.",
"Type()), \"makeslice\")\n\t\t\ta.endObject(obj, cgn, v)\n\n\t\tcase *ssa.",
"MakeChan:\n\t\t\tobj = a.nextNode()\n\t\t\ta.addNodes(v.",
"Type().Underlying().(*types.",
"Chan).Elem(), \"makechan\")\n\t\t\ta.endObject(obj, cgn, v)\n\n\t\tcase *ssa.",
"MakeMap:\n\t\t\tobj = a.nextNode()\n\t\t\ttmap := v.Type().Underlying().(*types.",
"Map)\n\t\t\ta.addNodes(tmap.",
"Key(), \"makemap.key\")\n\t\t\telem := a.addNodes(tmap.",
"Elem(), \"makemap.value\")\n\n\t\t\t// To update the value field, MapUpdate\n\t\t\t// generates store-with-offset constraints which\n\t\t\t// the presolver can't model, so we must mark\n\t\t\t// those nodes indirect.",
"\n\t\t\tfor id, end := elem, elem+nodeid(a.sizeof(tmap.",
"Elem())); id < end; id++ {\n\t\t\t\ta.mapValues = append(a.mapValues, id)\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\ta.endObject(obj, cgn, v)\n\n\t\tcase *ssa.",
"MakeInterface:\n\t\t\ttConc := v.X.Type()\n\t\t\tobj = a.makeTagged(tConc, cgn, v)\n\n\t\t\t// Copy the value into it, if nontrivial.",
"\n\t\t\tif x := a.valueNode(v.",
"X); x !",
"= 0 {\n\t\t\t\ta.copy(obj+1, x, a.sizeof(tConc))\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\tcase *ssa.",
"FieldAddr:\n\t\t\tif xobj := a.objectNode(cgn, v.X); xobj !",
"= 0 {\n\t\t\t\tobj = xobj + nodeid(a.offsetOf(mustDeref(v.",
"X.Type()), v.Field))\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\tcase *ssa.",
"IndexAddr:\n\t\t\tif xobj := a.objectNode(cgn, v.X); xobj !",
"= 0 {\n\t\t\t\tobj = xobj + 1\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\tcase *ssa.",
"Slice:\n\t\t\tobj = a.objectNode(cgn, v.X)\n\n\t\tcase *ssa.",
"Convert:\n\t\t\t// TODO(adonovan): opt: handle these cases too:\n\t\t\t// - unsafe.",
"Pointer->*T conversion acts like Alloc\n\t\t\t// - string->[]byte/[]rune conversion acts like MakeSlice\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tif a.log !",
"= nil {\n\t\t\tfmt.",
"Fprintf(a.log, \"\\tlocalobj[%s] = n%d\\n\", v.Name(), obj)\n\t\t}\n\t\ta.localobj[v] = obj\n\t}\n\treturn obj\n}\n\n// genLoad generates constraints for result = *(ptr + val).",
"\nfunc (a *analysis) genLoad(cgn *cgnode, result nodeid, ptr ssa.",
"Value, offset, sizeof uint32) {\n\tif obj := a.objectNode(cgn, ptr); obj !",
"= 0 {\n\t\t// Pre-apply loadConstraint.solve().",
"\n\t\ta.copy(result, obj+nodeid(offset), sizeof)\n\t} else {\n\t\ta.load(result, a.valueNode(ptr), offset, sizeof)\n\t}\n}\n\n// genOffsetAddr generates constraints for a 'v=ptr.field' (FieldAddr)\n// or 'v=ptr[*]' (IndexAddr) instruction v.\nfunc (a *analysis) genOffsetAddr(cgn *cgnode, v ssa.",
"Value, ptr nodeid, offset uint32) {\n\tdst := a.valueNode(v)\n\tif obj := a.objectNode(cgn, v); obj !",
"= 0 {\n\t\t// Pre-apply offsetAddrConstraint.solve().",
"\n\t\ta.addressOf(v.",
"Type(), dst, obj)\n\t} else {\n\t\ta.offsetAddr(v.",
"Type(), dst, ptr, offset)\n\t}\n}\n\n// genStore generates constraints for *(ptr + offset) = val.",
"\nfunc (a *analysis) genStore(cgn *cgnode, ptr ssa.",
"Value, val nodeid, offset, sizeof uint32) {\n\tif obj := a.objectNode(cgn, ptr); obj !",
"= 0 {\n\t\t// Pre-apply storeConstraint.solve().",
"\n\t\ta.copy(obj+nodeid(offset), val, sizeof)\n\t} else {\n\t\ta.store(a.valueNode(ptr), val, offset, sizeof)\n\t}\n}\n\n// genInstr generates constraints for instruction instr in context cgn.",
"\nfunc (a *analysis) genInstr(cgn *cgnode, instr ssa.",
"Instruction) {\n\tif a.log !",
"= nil {\n\t\tvar prefix string\n\t\tif val, ok := instr.(ssa.",
"Value); ok {\n\t\t\tprefix = val.",
"Name() + \" = \"\n\t\t}\n\t\tfmt.",
"Fprintf(a.log, \"; %s%s\\n\", prefix, instr)\n\t}\n\n\tswitch instr := instr.(type) {\n\tcase *ssa.",
"DebugRef:\n\t\t// no-op.",
"\n\n\tcase *ssa.",
"UnOp:\n\t\tswitch instr.",
"Op {\n\t\tcase token.",
"ARROW: // <-x\n\t\t\t// We can ignore instr.",
"CommaOk because the node we're\n\t\t\t// altering is always at zero offset relative to instr\n\t\t\ttElem := instr.",
"X.Type().Underlying().(*types.",
"Chan).Elem()\n\t\t\ta.genLoad(cgn, a.valueNode(instr), instr.",
"X, 0, a.sizeof(tElem))\n\n\t\tcase token.",
"MUL: // *x\n\t\t\ta.genLoad(cgn, a.valueNode(instr), instr.",
"X, 0, a.sizeof(instr.",
"Type()))\n\n\t\tdefault:\n\t\t\t// NOT, SUB, XOR: no-op.",
"\n\t\t}\n\n\tcase *ssa.",
"BinOp:\n\t\t// All no-ops.",
"\n\n\tcase ssa.",
"CallInstruction: // *ssa.",
"Call, *ssa.",
"Go, *ssa.",
"Defer\n\t\ta.genCall(cgn, instr)\n\n\tcase *ssa.",
"ChangeType:\n\t\ta.copy(a.valueNode(instr), a.valueNode(instr.",
"X), 1)\n\n\tcase *ssa.",
"Convert:\n\t\ta.genConv(instr, cgn)\n\n\tcase *ssa.",
"Extract:\n\t\ta.copy(a.valueNode(instr),\n\t\t\ta.valueOffsetNode(instr.",
"Tuple, instr.",
"Index),\n\t\t\ta.sizeof(instr.",
"Type()))\n\n\tcase *ssa.",
"FieldAddr:\n\t\ta.genOffsetAddr(cgn, instr, a.valueNode(instr.",
"X),\n\t\t\ta.offsetOf(mustDeref(instr.",
"X.Type()), instr.",
"Field))\n\n\tcase *ssa.",
"IndexAddr:\n\t\ta.genOffsetAddr(cgn, instr, a.valueNode(instr.",
"X), 1)\n\n\tcase *ssa.",
"Field:\n\t\ta.copy(a.valueNode(instr),\n\t\t\ta.valueOffsetNode(instr.",
"X, instr.",
"Field),\n\t\t\ta.sizeof(instr.",
"Type()))\n\n\tcase *ssa.",
"Index:\n\t\ta.copy(a.valueNode(instr), 1+a.valueNode(instr.",
"X), a.sizeof(instr.",
"Type()))\n\n\tcase *ssa.",
"Select:\n\t\trecv := a.valueOffsetNode(instr, 2) // instr : (index, recvOk, recv0, ... recv_n-1)\n\t\tfor _, st := range instr.",
"States {\n\t\t\telemSize := a.sizeof(st.",
"Chan.",
"Type().Underlying().(*types.",
"Chan).Elem())\n\t\t\tswitch st.",
"Dir {\n\t\t\tcase types.",
"RecvOnly:\n\t\t\t\ta.genLoad(cgn, recv, st.",
"Chan, 0, elemSize)\n\t\t\t\trecv += nodeid(elemSize)\n\n\t\t\tcase types.",
"SendOnly:\n\t\t\t\ta.genStore(cgn, st.",
"Chan, a.valueNode(st.",
"Send), 0, elemSize)\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\n\tcase *ssa.",
"Return:\n\t\tresults := a.funcResults(cgn.obj)\n\t\tfor _, r := range instr.",
"Results {\n\t\t\tsz := a.sizeof(r.",
"Type())\n\t\t\ta.copy(results, a.valueNode(r), sz)\n\t\t\tresults += nodeid(sz)\n\t\t}\n\n\tcase *ssa.",
"Send:\n\t\ta.genStore(cgn, instr.",
"Chan, a.valueNode(instr.",
"X), 0, a.sizeof(instr.",
"X.Type()))\n\n\tcase *ssa.",
"Store:\n\t\ta.genStore(cgn, instr.",
"Addr, a.valueNode(instr.",
"Val), 0, a.sizeof(instr.",
"Val.",
"Type()))\n\n\tcase *ssa.",
"Alloc, *ssa.",
"MakeSlice, *ssa.",
"MakeChan, *ssa.",
"MakeMap, *ssa.",
"MakeInterface:\n\t\tv := instr.(ssa.",
"Value)\n\t\ta.addressOf(v.",
"Type(), a.valueNode(v), a.objectNode(cgn, v))\n\n\tcase *ssa.",
"ChangeInterface:\n\t\ta.copy(a.valueNode(instr), a.valueNode(instr.",
"X), 1)\n\n\tcase *ssa.",
"TypeAssert:\n\t\ta.typeAssert(instr.",
"AssertedType, a.valueNode(instr), a.valueNode(instr.",
"X), true)\n\n\tcase *ssa.",
"Slice:\n\t\ta.copy(a.valueNode(instr), a.valueNode(instr.",
"X), 1)\n\n\tcase *ssa.",
"If, *ssa.",
"Jump:\n\t\t// no-op.",
"\n\n\tcase *ssa.",
"Phi:\n\t\tsz := a.sizeof(instr.",
"Type())\n\t\tfor _, e := range instr.",
"Edges {\n\t\t\ta.copy(a.valueNode(instr), a.valueNode(e), sz)\n\t\t}\n\n\tcase *ssa.",
"MakeClosure:\n\t\tfn := instr.",
"Fn.(*ssa.",
"Function)\n\t\ta.copy(a.valueNode(instr), a.valueNode(fn), 1)\n\t\t// Free variables are treated like global variables.",
"\n\t\tfor i, b := range instr.",
"Bindings {\n\t\t\ta.copy(a.valueNode(fn.",
"FreeVars[i]), a.valueNode(b), a.sizeof(b.",
"Type()))\n\t\t}\n\n\tcase *ssa.",
"RunDefers:\n\t\t// The analysis is flow insensitive, so we just \"call\"\n\t\t// defers as we encounter them.",
"\n\n\tcase *ssa.",
"Range:\n\t\t// Do nothing. ",
" Next{Iter: *ssa.",
"Range} handles this case.",
"\n\n\tcase *ssa.",
"Next:\n\t\tif !",
"instr.",
"IsString { // map\n\t\t\t// Assumes that Next is always directly applied to a Range result.",
"\n\t\t\ttheMap := instr.",
"Iter.(*ssa.",
"Range).X\n\t\t\ttMap := theMap.",
"Type().Underlying().(*types.",
"Map)\n\n\t\t\tksize := a.sizeof(tMap.",
"Key())\n\t\t\tvsize := a.sizeof(tMap.",
"Elem())\n\n\t\t\t// The k/v components of the Next tuple may each be invalid.",
"\n\t\t\ttTuple := instr.",
"Type().(*types.",
"Tuple)\n\n\t\t\t// Load from the map's (k,v) into the tuple's (ok, k, v).",
"\n\t\t\tosrc := uint32(0) // offset within map object\n\t\t\todst := uint32(1) // offset within tuple (initially just after 'ok bool')\n\t\t\tsz := uint32(0) // amount to copy\n\n\t\t\t// Is key valid?",
"\n\t\t\tif tTuple.",
"At(1).Type() !",
"= tInvalid {\n\t\t\t\tsz += ksize\n\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\todst += ksize\n\t\t\t\tosrc += ksize\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t// Is value valid?",
"\n\t\t\tif tTuple.",
"At(2).Type() !",
"= tInvalid {\n\t\t\t\tsz += vsize\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\ta.genLoad(cgn, a.valueNode(instr)+nodeid(odst), theMap, osrc, sz)\n\t\t}\n\n\tcase *ssa.",
"Lookup:\n\t\tif tMap, ok := instr.",
"X.Type().Underlying().(*types.",
"Map); ok {\n\t\t\t// CommaOk can be ignored: field 0 is a no-op.",
"\n\t\t\tksize := a.sizeof(tMap.",
"Key())\n\t\t\tvsize := a.sizeof(tMap.",
"Elem())\n\t\t\ta.genLoad(cgn, a.valueNode(instr), instr.",
"X, ksize, vsize)\n\t\t}\n\n\tcase *ssa.",
"MapUpdate:\n\t\ttmap := instr.",
"Map.",
"Type().Underlying().(*types.",
"Map)\n\t\tksize := a.sizeof(tmap.",
"Key())\n\t\tvsize := a.sizeof(tmap.",
"Elem())\n\t\ta.genStore(cgn, instr.",
"Map, a.valueNode(instr.",
"Key), 0, ksize)\n\t\ta.genStore(cgn, instr.",
"Map, a.valueNode(instr.",
"Value), ksize, vsize)\n\n\tcase *ssa.",
"Panic:\n\t\ta.copy(a.panicNode, a.valueNode(instr.",
"X), 1)\n\n\tdefault:\n\t\tpanic(fmt.",
"Sprintf(\"unimplemented: %T\", instr))\n\t}\n}\n\nfunc (a *analysis) makeCGNode(fn *ssa.",
"Function, obj nodeid, callersite *callsite) *cgnode {\n\tcgn := &cgnode{fn: fn, obj: obj, callersite: callersite}\n\ta.cgnodes = append(a.cgnodes, cgn)\n\treturn cgn\n}\n\n// genRootCalls generates the synthetic root of the callgraph and the\n// initial calls from it to the analysis scope, such as main, a test\n// or a library.",
"\n//\nfunc (a *analysis) genRootCalls() *cgnode {\n\tr := a.prog.",
"NewFunction(\"<root>\", new(types.",
"Signature), \"root of callgraph\")\n\troot := a.makeCGNode(r, 0, nil)\n\n\t// TODO(adonovan): make an ssa utility to construct an actual\n\t// root function so we don't need to special-case site-less\n\t// call edges.",
"\n\n\t// For each main package, call main.init(), main.main().",
"\n\tfor _, mainPkg := range a.config.",
"Mains {\n\t\tmain := mainPkg.",
"Func(\"main\")\n\t\tif main == nil {\n\t\t\tpanic(fmt.",
"Sprintf(\"%s has no main function\", mainPkg))\n\t\t}\n\n\t\ttargets := a.addOneNode(main.",
"Signature, \"root.targets\", nil)\n\t\tsite := &callsite{targets: targets}\n\t\troot.sites = append(root.sites, site)\n\t\tfor _, fn := range [2]*ssa.",
"Function{mainPkg.",
"Func(\"init\"), main} {\n\t\t\tif a.log !",
"= nil {\n\t\t\t\tfmt.",
"Fprintf(a.log, \"\\troot call to %s:\\n\", fn)\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\ta.copy(targets, a.valueNode(fn), 1)\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\n\treturn root\n}\n\n// genFunc generates constraints for function fn.",
"\nfunc (a *analysis) genFunc(cgn *cgnode) {\n\tfn := cgn.fn\n\n\timpl := a.findIntrinsic(fn)\n\n\tif a.log !",
"= nil {\n\t\tfmt.",
"Fprintf(a.log, \"\\n\\n==== Generating constraints for %s, %s\\n\", cgn, cgn.contour())\n\n\t\t// Hack: don't display body if intrinsic.",
"\n\t\tif impl !",
"= nil {\n\t\t\tfn2 := *cgn.fn // copy\n\t\t\tfn2.Locals = nil\n\t\t\tfn2.Blocks = nil\n\t\t\tfn2.WriteTo(a.log)\n\t\t} else {\n\t\t\tcgn.fn.",
"WriteTo(a.log)\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\n\tif impl !",
"= nil {\n\t\timpl(a, cgn)\n\t\treturn\n\t}\n\n\tif fn.",
"Blocks == nil {\n\t\t// External function with no intrinsic treatment.",
"\n\t\t// We'll warn about calls to such functions at the end.",
"\n\t\treturn\n\t}\n\n\tif a.log !",
"= nil {\n\t\tfmt.",
"Fprintln(a.log, \"; Creating nodes for local values\")\n\t}\n\n\ta.localval = make(map[ssa.",
"Value]nodeid)\n\ta.localobj = make(map[ssa.",
"Value]nodeid)\n\n\t// The value nodes for the params are in the func object block.",
"\n\tparams := a.funcParams(cgn.obj)\n\tfor _, p := range fn.",
"Params {\n\t\ta.setValueNode(p, params, cgn)\n\t\tparams += nodeid(a.sizeof(p.",
"Type()))\n\t}\n\n\t// Free variables have global cardinality:\n\t// the outer function sets them with MakeClosure;\n\t// the inner function accesses them with FreeVar.",
"\n\t//\n\t// TODO(adonovan): treat free vars context-sensitively.",
"\n\n\t// Create value nodes for all value instructions\n\t// since SSA may contain forward references.",
"\n\tvar space [10]*ssa.",
"Value\n\tfor _, b := range fn.",
"Blocks {\n\t\tfor _, instr := range b.Instrs {\n\t\t\tswitch instr := instr.(type) {\n\t\t\tcase *ssa.",
"Range:\n\t\t\t\t// do nothing: it has a funky type,\n\t\t\t\t// and *ssa.",
"Next does all the work.",
"\n\n\t\t\tcase ssa.",
"Value:\n\t\t\t\tvar comment string\n\t\t\t\tif a.log !",
"= nil {\n\t\t\t\t\tcomment = instr.",
"Name()\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\tid := a.addNodes(instr.",
"Type(), comment)\n\t\t\t\ta.setValueNode(instr, id, cgn)\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t// Record all address-taken functions (for presolver).",
"\n\t\t\trands := instr.",
"Operands(space[:0])\n\t\t\tif call, ok := instr.(ssa.",
"CallInstruction); ok && !",
"call.",
"Common().IsInvoke() {\n\t\t\t\t// Skip CallCommon.",
"Value in \"call\" mode.",
"\n\t\t\t\t// TODO(adonovan): fix: relies on unspecified ordering. ",
" Specify it.",
"\n\t\t\t\trands = rands[1:]\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tfor _, rand := range rands {\n\t\t\t\tif atf, ok := (*rand).(*ssa.",
"Function); ok {\n\t\t\t\t\ta.atFuncs[atf] = true\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\n\t// Generate constraints for instructions.",
"\n\tfor _, b := range fn.",
"Blocks {\n\t\tfor _, instr := range b.Instrs {\n\t\t\ta.genInstr(cgn, instr)\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\n\ta.localval = nil\n\ta.localobj = nil\n}\n\n// genMethodsOf generates nodes and constraints for all methods of type T.\nfunc (a *analysis) genMethodsOf(T types.",
"Type) {\n\titf := isInterface(T)\n\n\t// TODO(adonovan): can we skip this entirely if itf is true?",
"\n\t// I think so, but the answer may depend on reflection.",
"\n\tmset := a.prog.",
"MethodSets.",
"MethodSet(T)\n\tfor i, n := 0, mset.",
"Len(); i < n; i++ {\n\t\tm := a.prog.",
"MethodValue(mset.",
"At(i))\n\t\ta.valueNode(m)\n\n\t\tif !",
"itf {\n\t\t\t// Methods of concrete types are address-taken functions.",
"\n\t\t\ta.atFuncs[m] = true\n\t\t}\n\t}\n}\n\n// generate generates offline constraints for the entire program.",
"\nfunc (a *analysis) generate() {\n\tstart(\"Constraint generation\")\n\tif a.log !",
"= nil {\n\t\tfmt.",
"Fprintln(a.log, \"==== Generating constraints\")\n\t}\n\n\t// Create a dummy node since we use the nodeid 0 for\n\t// non-pointerlike variables.",
"\n\ta.addNodes(tInvalid, \"(zero)\")\n\n\t// Create the global node for panic values.",
"\n\ta.panicNode = a.addNodes(tEface, \"panic\")\n\n\t// Create nodes and constraints for all methods of reflect.rtype.",
"\n\t// (Shared contours are used by dynamic calls to reflect.",
"Type\n\t// methods---typically just String().)",
"\n\tif rtype := a.reflectRtypePtr; rtype !",
"= nil {\n\t\ta.genMethodsOf(rtype)\n\t}\n\n\troot := a.genRootCalls()\n\n\tif a.config.",
"BuildCallGraph {\n\t\ta.result.",
"CallGraph = callgraph.",
"New(root.fn)\n\t}\n\n\t// Create nodes and constraints for all methods of all types\n\t// that are dynamically accessible via reflection or interfaces.",
"\n\tfor _, T := range a.prog.",
"RuntimeTypes() {\n\t\ta.genMethodsOf(T)\n\t}\n\n\t// Generate constraints for functions as they become reachable\n\t// from the roots. ",
" (No constraints are generated for functions\n\t// that are dead in this analysis scope.)",
"\n\tfor len(a.genq) > 0 {\n\t\tcgn := a.genq[0]\n\t\ta.genq = a.genq[1:]\n\t\ta.genFunc(cgn)\n\t}\n\n\t// The runtime magically allocates os.",
"Args; so should we.",
"\n\tif os := a.prog.",
"ImportedPackage(\"os\"); os !",
"= nil {\n\t\t// In effect: os.",
"Args = new([1]string)[:]\n\t\tT := types.",
"NewSlice(types.",
"Typ[types.",
"String])\n\t\tobj := a.addNodes(sliceToArray(T), \"<command-line args>\")\n\t\ta.endObject(obj, nil, \"<command-line args>\")\n\t\ta.addressOf(T, a.objectNode(nil, os.",
"Var(\"Args\")), obj)\n\t}\n\n\t// Discard generation state, to avoid confusion after node renumbering.",
"\n\ta.panicNode = 0\n\ta.globalval = nil\n\ta.localval = nil\n\ta.localobj = nil\n\n\tstop(\"Constraint generation\")\n}\n"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} | [
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[
"/**\n * Copyright (c) 2016 - 2018 Syncleus, Inc.\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.",
"\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.",
"\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.",
"\n */\npackage com.aparapi.codegen.test;\n\npublic class If_If_Else2 {\n public void run() {\n boolean a = true;\n boolean b = true;\n @SuppressWarnings(\"unused\") boolean result = false;\n\n if (a && b) {\n result = true;\n } else {\n result = false;\n }\n\n }\n}\n/**{OpenCL{\n typedef struct This_s{\n\n int passid;\n }This;\n int get_pass_id(This *this){\n return this->passid;\n }\n\n __kernel void run(\n int passid\n ){\n This thisStruct;\n This* this=&thisStruct;\n this->passid = passid;\n {\n char a = 1;\n char b = 1;\n char result = 0;\n if (a!=0 && b!=0){\n result = 1;\n } else {\n result = 0;\n }\n return;\n }\n }\n }OpenCL}**/\n"
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"pile_set_name": "Github"
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[
"\nHow to make Lisp go faster than C [pdf] - jgg\nhttp://www.iaeng.org/IJCS/issues_v32/issue_4/IJCS_32_4_19.pdf\n======\ngreglindahl\nThis is typical for papers like this: take a toy algorithm, show it's kinda as\nfast as C/Fortran if you do something really odd, then declare victory. ",
"This\nworks better if your C compiler lacks important optimizations, like a loop\nnest optimizer.",
"\n\nIf you really want to impress people, take a significant algorithm, preferably\none of the SPECcpu benchmarks, write the whole thing in Lisp, and then see\nwhat happens.",
"\n\n~~~\nnearestneighbor\nIt's not just Lisp. ",
"Language advocates are the snake oil salesmen among\ncomputer scientists. ",
"Case in point:\n[http://www.reddit.com/r/programming/comments/bnnoh/fast_auto...](http://www.reddit.com/r/programming/comments/bnnoh/fast_automatically_parallel_arrays_for_haskell/c0npq4j)\n\n~~~\njgg\n>It's not just Lisp. ",
"Language advocates are the snake oil salesmen among\ncomputer scientists.",
"\n\nIt's true. (-: ",
"I submitted the paper mostly because it's a condensed \"how-to\"\nfor optimizing Common Lisp code. ",
"I think the name of the paper itself is\nreally, really sketchy.",
"\n\n------\nj_baker\nI admit to not having read the paper all the way through, but Figure 2 only\nshows Common Lisp as being noticeably faster than C in one instance, and I\nsuspect that's due to an anomaly of some kind (it's totally out of line with\nthe other C speeds).",
"\n\n------\nAvshalom\nTo those who know the SBCL compiler better:\n\nThe paper says that to get the speed they had to turn off run time type\nchecking, but they say \"here's how to do it globally\" does that mean you can\nturn of type checking in just one module or function?",
"\n\n~~~\nmartincmartin\nYes. ",
"The Common Lisp spec says you can put declarations a lot of places,\nincluding prog:\n\n<http://clhs.lisp.se/Body/s_declar.htm>\n\nSo you can basically wrap it around any S-expression you want.",
"\n\nWhen I was at ITA we did that a lot. ",
"For example, there was a macro i+ that\nwould expand to basically \"the two arguments are fixnums, as is the result.",
"\nNow, please give me the sum.\"",
"\n\nIn debug builds, the type declarations would be come assertions. ",
"In release\nbuilds, they'd become assumptions, i.e. the whole thing would compile to a\nsingle x64 ADD instruction.",
"\n\n------\nswolchok\nWhy is the scribd version 1) ugly and 2) in Flash? ",
"I thought they were all\nHTML 5 these days, and I'd clicked the scribd link to give them another\nchance.",
"\n\n------\nVMG\nbarely readable\n\n~~~\njgg\nWhat do you mean? ",
"Is it the layout, the content or something else? ",
"I was able\nto read it just fine.",
"\n\n~~~\nj_baker\nThe scribd version is pretty bad.",
"\n\n~~~\njgg\nAh, you're right, that is bad. ",
"I had only looked at the raw PDF.",
"\n\n------\nmartincmartin\ngcc 4.0.3 vs. CMUCL, the predecessor to SBCL.",
"\n\n"
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"Citing Thursday’s beheading of a Vaughan Foods worker in Moore, eight Oklahoma state representatives issued a joint statement Monday calling for a “public discussion about potential terrorists in our midst and the role that Sharia law plays in their actions.”",
"\n\n“The Feds say this is workplace violence, but people know that’s not true,” the eight House members said of Thursday’s incident in which Alton Nolen, 30, is suspected of beheading Vaughan Foods employee Colleen Hufford, 54, shortly after Nolen was fired.",
"\n\n“Unfortunately, jihadism is no longer confined to foreign soil. ",
"We must be alert to it here and take steps to counter the doctrine, institutions and organizations that foster it.”",
"\n\nThe statement was issued by a group of state House members who identified themselves as the Counterterrorism Caucus."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
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"Drive Your Digital Business\n\nLike AppCreatorPro, many businesses today live on the internet, making a mobile web app the best solution for connecting with customers. ",
"Unlike other apps that require months of programming, a big budget, and limited updates, an AppCreatorPro app takes advantage of what the internet has to offer: a quick launch, as many updates as you want, cross-platform operability, and a readiness to embrace whatever opportunities the internet will offer in the future. ",
"Create once, distribute widely, and craft your message as developments dictate. ",
"That’s the advantage of a mobile web app from AppCreatorPro."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
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[
"Bats as a reservoir of resistant Escherichia coli: A methodical view. ",
"Can we fully estimate the scale of resistance in the reservoirs of free-living animals?",
"\nBats are a poorly understood reservoir of pathogenic and multi-drug resistant microorganisms; therefore, the aim of the study was to analyze the presence of drug resistance among E. coli isolated from the species of bats occurring naturally in Poland. ",
"The strategy of isolation and identification of resistant strains from pooled and single-animal samples was based on selective media with cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, kanamycin and tetracycline, the use of the ADSRRS-fingerprinting method for genomic differentiation of isolates, and the classical methods of evaluation of phenotypic and genotypic resistance. ",
"Of the 78 isolated isolates confirmed as E. coli, there were 38 genetically distinct strains resistant at least to one antimicrobial. ",
"71% of these strains met the multi-drug resistance criterion. ",
"Moreover, two different multidrug resistant strains were isolated from three single samples. ",
"The highest resistance was observed in the case of ampicillin (66%), kanamycin (84%), sulfamethoxazole/trimetoprim (61%/55% respectively), and streptomycin (50%), which in most cases was confirmed by the presence of an adequate gene. ",
"Two isolates from single hosts produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (blaCTX-M-3, blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1). ",
"With the exception of tetracycline resistance, which was dominant among isolates from single animals, no significant differences in the resistance of the strains from both groups of samples were observed. ",
"Bats should not be neglected as another environmental reservoir and as an unpredictable source of potential pathogenic and multidrug resistant bacteria and should be extensively studied to predict the direction of the development and range of spreading resistance."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
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"[Effects of TIEG1 on K562 cell apoptosis and expression of BCL-2/BAX, PTEN].",
"\nThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of TIEG1 on K562 cell apoptosis and expression of BCL-2/BAX, PTEN. ",
"The different concentration(0, 1, 5, 10, 20 ng/ml) of TIEG1 were used to treat K562 cells, the cell growth inhibition rate was detected by using MTT method. ",
"After treating K562 cells with 10.00 ng/ml TIEG1, the cell apoptosis was detected with flow cytometry. ",
"The RT-PCR was used to detected the expression levels of BCL-2 /BAX and PTEN. ",
"The results showed that TIEG1 displays inhibitory effect on proliferation of K562 cells in time-and dose-dependent manner (r = 0.52, P < 0.05) ; after K562 cells were treated for 6, 12, 24 and 48 h, the IC50 of TIEG1 were 48.19, 18.72, 9.5 and 3.85 ng/ml respectively. ",
"After treating K562 cells with 10.00 ng/ml TIEG1 for 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 h, the apoptosis rate were (2.13 ± 0.42)%, (7.79 ± 0.71)%, (11.17 ± 1.37)%, (24.66 ± 0.29)% and (48.60 ± 1.38)% respectively, and there was significant difference between groups(P < 0.05). ",
"In process of K562 cell apoptosis, the expression level of BCL-2 gradually decreased (r = 0.48, P < 0.05), meanwhile the expression levels of BAX (r = 0.69, P < 0.05) and PTEN (r = 0.57, P < 0.05) gradually increased. ",
"It is concluded that TIEG1 can indue apoptosis of K562 cells and inhibit K562 cell proliferation in time-and dose-dependent manner. ",
"In apoptosis process of K562 cells induced by TIEG1, the expression changes of BCL-2/BAX and PTEN associate with the K562 cell apoptosis."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
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"Cytotoxicity and apoptosis enhancement in breast and cervical cancer cells upon coadministration of mitomycin C and essential oils in nanoemulsion formulations.",
"\nThe present study aimed to solubilize the antineoplastic agent, mitomycin C (MMC), in two nanoemulsions (NEs) consisting of different essential oils (ginger (Gi) and frankincense (Fr)) in order to examine their anticancer activities on the HeLa cervical cancer cells and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. ",
"The two NEs-based Gi and Fr oil were produced by a high-pressure homogenization technique followed by solubilizing of the MMC in both NE formulas. ",
"The produced formulas were physically characterized by zetasizer and were applied on HeLa and MCF-7 cells at various concentrations for 24 h. The cytotoxicity assays were performed in vitro, using MTT assay, Coomassie blue staining for cellular morphology evaluation, and DAPI fluorescent staining for molecular cell death assessment. ",
"The average droplet diameters of the blank NEs have markedly increased and the charges of the droplets were significantly reversed when MMC was loaded. ",
"The potential cytotoxicity of the blank and combined formulas on HeLa and MCF-7 cells were dose-dependent and significantly greater than the toxicities of the free MMC. ",
"Among the MMC-loaded NE formulas, Fr-MMC has endured the nuclear apoptosis in HeLa cells at a lower concentration and reported the least % of florescence uptake compared to Gi-MMC. ",
"In contrast, the combination formula, Gi-MMC, has the strongest apoptotic effect on the MCF-7 cell line since it has the least % florescence uptake compared to the other formulations. ",
"Mixing MMC with Gi-NE and Fr-NE has considerably improved its cytotoxicity on the MCF-7 and HeLa cells."
] | {
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[
"http://linhes.org/2010-03-19T08:18:36+00:00 LinHES - Bug #649: php: sed for timezone failshttp://linhes.org/issues/649?journal_id=89242010-03-19T08:18:36+00:00jams\n<ul><li><strong>Start date</strong> set to <i>03/19/2010</i></li><li><strong>% Done</strong> changed from <i>0</i> to <i>100</i></li><li><strong>Due date</strong> deleted (<strike></strike>)</li><li><strong>Target version</strong> set to <i>6.03.00</i></li><li><strong>Description</strong> set to <i>When the timezone contains a / the sed statement fails.",
"\nSolution would be to change the sed delimiter.</i></li><li><strong>Project</strong> set to <i> LinHES</i></li><li><strong>Assignee</strong> set to <i>jams</i></li><li><strong>Priority</strong> changed from <i>Normal</i> to <i>Normal</i></li><li><strong>Subject</strong> set to <i>php: sed for timezone fails</i></li><li><strong>Status</strong> changed from <i>New</i> to <i>Closed</i></li><li><strong>Subproject of</strong> deleted (<strike></strike>)</li><li><strong>Estimated time</strong> set to <i>2.00</i></li><li><strong>Tracker</strong> set to <i>Bug</i></li><li><strong>Category</strong> set to <i>Packages: Core</i></li></ul> LinHES - Bug #649: php: sed for timezone failshttp://linhes.org/issues/649?journal_id=26602010-03-20T19:52:33+00:00jams\n<ul><li><strong>% Done</strong> changed from <i>0</i> to <i>100</i></li><li><strong>Status</strong> changed from <i>New</i> to <i>Closed</i></li></ul><p>Applied in changeset commit:\"b59a64f46ca50780783a659ec55ca1f2c2ae95d5\".</p>"
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"Q:\n\nJQuery timepicker flows out of HTML text box\n\nI'm trying to implement a time picker, in a text box. ",
"But the times are flowing outside of the box.",
"\nDoes anyone know what the issue could be?",
"\nInside my HTML file:\n <link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"http://code.jquery.com/ui/1.10.3/themes/smoothness/jquery-ui.css\" />\n <script src=\"http://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.9.1.js\"></script>\n <script src=\"http://code.jquery.com/ui/1.10.3/jquery-ui.js\"></script>\n\n <script type=\"text/javascript\" src=\"jquery.timepicker.js\"></script>\n\n <script>\n\n $(function() { $('#time_picker').timepicker({ 'step': 15 }); });\n\n </script>\n\n...\n<label> Departure Time: </label> \n<input type=\"text\" id=\"time_picker\" name=\"depart_time\"> <br>\n\nA:\n\nThis will work fine\n<link href=\"jquery-ui.css\" rel=\"stylesheet\" />\n<link href=\"jquery.timepicker.css\" rel=\"stylesheet\" />\n<script src=\"jquery-1.9.1.js\"></script>\n<script src=\"jquery-ui.js\"></script>\n<script src=\"jquery.timepicker.js\"></script>\n<script type=\"text/javascript\">\n $(document).ready(function () {\n $('#time_picker').timepicker();\n });\n</script>\n\n"
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"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
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"Q:\n\nImplement button as widget\n\nI want to implement button as a widget. ",
"The button has a primary function in app. ",
"On clicking the button in app it redirect to another fragment and play a sound. ",
"\nIs there any way to do so from widget i.e, making the button work same function ?",
"\n\nA:\n\nFrom what i understand, you mean the launcher widget that sits on the app tray/menu? ",
"If so, just create an activity with that functionality and set it as the launcher activity. ",
"Thats the activity that will launch when the widget is tapped. ",
"\n\n"
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[
"Introduction\n============\n\nPalladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are fundamental methods for the construction of many important molecules in chemical synthesis and these reactions are widely used to expediate the synthesis of target motifs.[@cit1]--[@cit3] In particular, due to broad generality, predictable functional group tolerance, high reaction selectivity and operational-simplicity, palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings have enabled rapid progress in the development of improved medicines, precise electronic devices, and multifunctional dyes that broadly benefit society.[@cit4]--[@cit6]\n\nWhile typical Suzuki--Miyaura cross-couplings employ aryl halides as electrophiles, unconventional C--X (X = O, N, S) cross-coupling partners have attracted significant attention because they enable an orthogonal selectivity paradigm.[@cit4]--[@cit6] In this context, amides (X = CONR~2~) are particularly attractive as aryl electrophiles in the Suzuki--Miyaura cross-coupling because amides are among the most widespread functional groups in chemical science,[@cit7] including in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, and play an essential role as linkages in peptides and proteins.[@cit8],[@cit9] While significant progress has been achieved in cross-coupling of amides enabled by selective metal insertion into the N--C(O) amide bond (![](",
"c9sc03169c-t1.jpg){#ugt1} conjugation, 15--20 kcal mol^--1^ in planar amides),[@cit10]--[@cit14] the palladium-catalyzed Suzuki--Miyaura biaryl cross-coupling of amides has been a major challenge ([Fig. ",
"1A](#fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"}).",
"\n\n{#fig1}\n\nHerein, we disclose the first palladium-catalyzed decarbonylative Suzuki--Miyaura cross-coupling of amides for the synthesis of biaryls ([Fig. ",
"1B](#fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"This new method relies on the precise sequence engineering of the catalytic cycle, wherein decarbonylation occurs prior to the transmetallation step. ",
"The reaction proceeds through the selective activation of the N--C(O) bond of both cyclic and acyclic amides. ",
"DFT studies were conducted and support a mechanism involving oxidative addition, decarbonylation and transmetallation, and provide insight into the origin of the high N--C(O) bond activation selectivity. ",
"The reaction shows unprecedented generality and functional group tolerance in decarbonylative amide bond cross-coupling, providing valuable biaryls in high yields (\\>60 examples). ",
"Most crucially, the reaction establishes versatile palladium catalysis for the synthesis of high-value biaryls from amides, rivaling the substrate scope achieved with the traditional Suzuki cross-coupling of aryl halides.",
"\n\nResults and discussion\n======================\n\nThe decarbonylative biaryl Suzuki--Miyaura cross-coupling of amides is a challenging reaction, in which several elementary organometallic steps must occur in a well-engineered sequence.[@cit15]--[@cit18] To date, very few examples of the biaryl Suzuki--Miyaura cross-coupling of amides have been reported; all of them limited to nickel-catalysis.[@cit15] The high reactivity of Ni has been ascribed to a facile CO migration, which permitted for transmetallation preceding decarbonylation.[@cit18] However, Ni-catalyzed biaryl Suzuki coupling of amides has been severely limited to specific substrate combinations and showed narrow functional group tolerance.",
"\n\nIn consideration of the tremendous utility of Pd-catalyzed cross-couplings in organic synthesis,[@cit19],[@cit20] we questioned whether general palladium catalysis might be applied for the decarbonylative biaryl Suzuki--Miyaura cross-coupling of amides by N--C(O) bond activation. ",
"Our investigation started with evaluation of the coupling of a challenging, electronically-neutral *N*-benzoyl glutarimide (**1**) with 4-methoxyphenyl boronic acid (**2**) in the presence of various Pd catalysts ([Table 1](#tab1){ref-type=\"table\"}); note that this combination is unsuccessful using Ni catalysis. ",
"After very extensive optimization ([Table 1](#tab1){ref-type=\"table\"} and ESI[†](#fn1){ref-type=\"fn\"}), we found that a catalytic system using Pd(dppf)Cl~2~ (5 mol%) in the presence of close to a stoichiometric amount of boronic acid (1.2 equiv.) ",
"and NaHCO~3~ (3.0 equiv.) ",
"in dioxane at 160 °C, delivered the desired biaryl product in 90% yield and \\>10 : 1 biaryl : ketone selectivity (entry 1). ",
"Interestingly, a comparable efficiency was observed using Pd(dppb)Cl~2~ (5 mol%) as the precatalyst (entry 2). ",
"The use of a weak base is crucial (entries 8--15). ",
"From the outset, we hypothesized that the use of a weak base would slow down transmetallation,[@cit21] permitting for decarbonylation preceding aryl transfer. ",
"Furthermore, the effect of boronic acid stoichiometry (entries 1--8) as well as the counterion (entries 19--20) is the key in determining the selectivity for the formation of biaryl, as expected from decarbonylation *vs.* transmetallation selectivity. ",
"It is worthwhile to note the impact of the reaction temperature on the selectivity (entries 21 and 22). ",
"The use of precatalysts[@cit22] (entries 1--3 *vs.* 19 and 20) simplifies the reaction set-up and facilitates CO de-insertion. ",
"It is further important to note that both bidentate and monodentate phosphane ligands are similarly effective (entries 1--7), consistent with the importance of decarbonylation prior to generating the aryl-Pd intermediate.[@cit17],[@cit18]\n\n###### Reaction optimization: Pd-catalyzed decarbonylative Suzuki--Miyaura cross-coupling[^*a*^](#tab1fna){ref-type=\"fn\"}\n\n ![](",
"c9sc03169c-u1.jpg){#ugr1} \n ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------- ------------ ------ ------ ------------\n 1 Pd(dppf)Cl~2~ NaHCO~3~ 1.2 90 \\>10 : 1\n 2 Pd(dppb)Cl~2~ NaHCO~3~ 1.2 88 90 : 10\n 3 Pd(PCy~3~)~2~Cl~2~ NaHCO~3~ 1.2 83 84 : 16\n 4 Pd(dppf)Cl~2~ NaHCO~3~ 2.0 82 86 : 14\n 5 Pd(PCy~3~)~2~Cl~2~ NaHCO~3~ 2.0 70 72 : 26\n 6 Pd(PPh~3~)~2~Cl~2~ NaHCO~3~ 2.0 67 69 : 31\n 7 Pd(dcypf)Cl~2~ NaHCO~3~ 2.0 65 66 : 34\n 8 Pd(PCy~3~)~2~Cl~2~ NaHCO~3~ 1.05 83 85 : 15\n 9[^*d*^](#tab1fnd){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} Pd(PCy~3~)~2~Cl~2~ K~2~CO~3~ 2.0 \\<10 6 : 94\n 10[^*d*^](#tab1fnd){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} Pd(PCy~3~)~2~Cl~2~ K~3~PO~4~ 2.0 \\<2 \\<5 : \\>95\n 11[^*d*^](#tab1fnd){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} Pd(PCy~3~)~2~Cl~2~ KHCO~3~ 2.0 50 53 : 47\n 12[^*d*^](#tab1fnd){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} Pd(PCy~3~)~2~Cl~2~ Na~2~CO~3~ 2.0 15 56 : 44\n 13[^*d*^](#tab1fnd){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} Pd(PCy~3~)~2~Cl~2~ KF 2.0 \\<2 \\<5 : \\>95\n 14[^*d*^](#tab1fnd){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} Pd(PCy~3~)~2~Cl~2~ KOAc 2.0 \\<2 \\<5 : \\>95\n 15[^*d*^](#tab1fnd){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} Pd(PCy~3~)~2~Cl~2~ --- 2.0 \\<2 nd\n 16[^*d*^](#tab1fnd){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} ^,^[^*e*^](#tab1fne){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} Pd(PCy~3~)~2~Cl~2~ NaHCO~3~ 2.0 \\<2 \\<5 : \\>95\n 17[^*d*^](#tab1fnd){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} ^,^[^*f*^](#tab1fnf){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} Pd(PCy~3~)~2~Cl~2~ NaHCO~3~ 2.0 16 55 : 45\n 18[^*d*^](#tab1fnd){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} ^,^[^*g*^](#tab1fng){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} Pd(PCy~3~)~2~Cl~2~ NaHCO~3~ 2.0 31 51 : 49\n 19[^*h*^](#tab1fnh){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} Pd(OAc)~2~/PCy~3~ NaHCO~3~ 1.2 \\<2 \\<5 : \\>95\n 20[^*h*^](#tab1fnh){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} PdCl~2~/PCy~3~ NaHCO~3~ 1.2 63 79 : 21\n 21[^*i*^](#tab1fni){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} Pd(dppb)Cl~2~ NaHCO~3~ 1.2 78 80 : 20\n 22[^*j*^](#tab1fnj){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} Pd(dppb)Cl~2~ NaHCO~3~ 1.2 47 53 : 47\n\n^*a*^Conditions: amide (1.0 equiv.), ",
"Ar--B(OH)~2~, \\[Pd\\] (5 mol%), base (3 equiv.), ",
"dioxane (0.125 M), 160 °C, 12 h.\n\n^*b*^GC/1H NMR yields.",
"\n\n^*c*^Refers to biaryl : ketone selectivity.",
"\n\n^*d*^\\[Pd\\] (3 mol%). ",
"Note that in entries 9, 10, 13 and 14, the ketone is formed in 92--98% yields.",
"\n\n^*e*^Toluene.",
"\n\n^*f*^DME.",
"\n\n^*g*^NMP.",
"\n\n^*h*^\\[Pd\\] (10 mol%), L (20 mol%). ",
"Entry 19: ketone formed in 71%.",
"\n\n^*i*^140 °C.",
"\n\n^*j*^120 °C. ",
"See ESI for full details.",
"\n\nWith optimized conditions in hand, the scope of this novel Suzuki--Miyaura biaryl cross-coupling of amides was next investigated ([Table 2](#tab2){ref-type=\"table\"}). ",
"The functional group tolerance and generality of this Pd-catalyzed method is remarkable. ",
"A broad range of electron neutral, electron-donating and electron-withdrawing boronic acids is compatible (**3a--3f**), all using the challenging electron-neutral, parent amide electrophile that is not suitable using Ni. ",
"Substitution at the meta-position with electronically-diverse boronic acids is well-tolerated (**3g--3i**). ",
"Sterically-hindered, polyaromatic, heterocyclic, including dioxolane, pyridine and thiophene boronic acids coupled with high levels of selectivity (**3j--3o**). ",
"Strikingly, the reaction is compatible with halides, including chlorides, as well as phenols, aldehydes, esters and nitriles (**3p--3s**), providing effective handles for further functionalization by established methods. ",
"In addition, electronically-diverse amides bearing representative electron-withdrawing, electron-donating and important fluorine-containing substituents are transferred with high selectivity across various boronic acids (**3s--3ag**), including such groups as prone to O--N cleavage isoxazolyl, aliphatic cyclopropyl, and sterically-hindered mesityl (**3w--3y**). ",
"The synthetic potential is highlighted in the cross-coupling of carboxyphenylboronic acid (**3ag**). ",
"Since amides can be ultimately derived from carboxylic acids, this preliminary result suggests the viability of iterative cross-coupling and is performed in the presence of an electrophilic nitrile handle, which serves as another orthogonal amide precursor. ",
"These results are for the first time comparable to the scope achieved using the classical Suzuki cross-coupling of halides and pseudohalides,[@cit1]--[@cit6] and are unprecedented for any cross-coupling of amides to date.[@cit10]--[@cit18]\n\n###### Palladium-catalyzed decarbonylative Suzuki--Miyaura biaryl cross-coupling of *N*-acyl-glutarimide amides with boronic acids[^*a*^](#tab2fna){ref-type=\"fn\"} ^,^[^*b*^](#tab2fnb){ref-type=\"fn\"}\n\n -------------------------------\n ![](",
"c9sc03169c-u2.jpg){#ugr2}\n -------------------------------\n\n^*a*^Conditions: amide (1.0 equiv.), ",
"Ar--B(OH)~2~ (1.2 equiv.), ",
"NaHCO~3~ (3 equiv.), ",
"Pd(dppb)Cl~2~ (5 mol%), dioxane (0.125 M), 160 °C, 12 h.\n\n^*b*^Isolated yields.",
"\n\n^*c*^Ar--B(OH)~2~ (3 equiv.), ",
"base (4.5 equiv.).",
"\n\n^*d*^Pd(dppf)Cl~2~ (5 mol%). ",
"See ESI for details.",
"\n\nRemarkably, the optimized conditions are suitable for the cross-coupling of acyclic *N*-acetyl (*N*--Ac) amides ([Table 3](#tab3){ref-type=\"table\"}). ",
"A broad range of boronic acids and amides, including neutral, electron-rich and electron-withdrawing coupling partners, is compatible (**3a--3ah**). ",
"Notably, Pd-catalysis enables the coupling of an array of sensitive functional groups, such as halides, ethers, esters and nitriles (**3c**, **3e**, **3s**, **3q**, **3p′**) with high selectivity. ",
"Furthermore, the reaction delivers fluorinated biaryls of great importance in medicinal chemistry (**3f′--3am**) as well as biaryls bearing multiple electrophilic handles (**3aq**) as well as steric hindrance (**3ar**). ",
"It is noteworthy that the cleavage of the *N*-activating group, the main hurdle in decarbonylative cross-coupling of acyclic amides, is not observed under these mild conditions. ",
"This very rare use of acyclic amides in decarbonylative cross-coupling significantly expands the scope of biaryl Suzuki synthesis of amides and suggests a broad generality of this reactivity platform.",
"\n\n###### Palladium-catalyzed decarbonylative Suzuki--Miyaura biaryl cross-coupling of *N*-acyl-amides with boronic acids[^*a*^](#tab3fna){ref-type=\"fn\"} ^,^[^*b*^](#tab3fnb){ref-type=\"fn\"}\n\n -------------------------------\n ![](",
"c9sc03169c-u3.jpg){#ugr3}\n -------------------------------\n\n^*a*^Conditions: amide (1.0 equiv.), ",
"Ar--B(OH)~2~ (1.5 equiv.), ",
"NaHCO~3~ (3 equiv.), ",
"Pd(dppb)Cl~2~ (5 mol%), dioxane (0.125 M), 160 °C, 12 h.\n\n^*b*^Isolated yields.",
"\n\n^*c*^Ar--B(OH)~2~ (1.2 equiv.). ",
"See ESI for details.",
"\n\nFurthermore, other amides, including *N*-succinimide (**1p**), *N*-phthalimide (**1q**), atom-economic *N*-Ms (**1r**) and acyclic *N*-Ts sulfonamides (**1s--1t**) are suitable substrates for the coupling ([Table 4](#tab4){ref-type=\"table\"}). ",
"Interestingly, even the highly challenging *N*-Boc~2~ amide (**1u**) that is prepared directly from 1° amide[@cit14c] and prone to deactivation by a facile *N*-Boc cleavage afforded a promising yield in the coupling. ",
"These preliminary results bode well for the development of general biaryl syntheses from various amides, which is beyond the scope of Ni catalysis.",
"\n\n###### Palladium-catalyzed decarbonylative Suzuki--Miyaura biaryl cross-coupling of various amides with boronic acids[^*a*^](#tab4fna){ref-type=\"fn\"}\n\n -------------------------------\n ![](",
"c9sc03169c-u4.jpg){#ugr4}\n -------------------------------\n\n^*a*^See [Table 2](#tab2){ref-type=\"table\"}.",
"\n\nSeveral additional points should be noted: (1) at this stage, cross-coupling of alkenyl-amides proceeds in 30% unoptimized yield (1-cinnamoylpiperidine-2,6-dione). (",
"2) Full selectivity for the cross-coupling of aryl bromides in the presence of amide electrophiles is observed. ",
"This allows to establish the following order of reactivity: Ar--Cl \\< Ar--C(O)--NR~2~ \\< Ar--Br. (",
"3) Di-methyl and di-phenyl amides are recovered unchanged from the reaction, as expected from the amidic resonance (PhCONMe~2~, RE = 16.5 kcal mol^--1^; PhCONPh~2~, 12.7 kcal mol^--1^). (",
"4) Ar--Bpin are not suitable substrates under the reaction conditions (\\<20% yield); pleasingly, MIDA boronates are competent nucleophiles (4-chlorophenyl MIDA boronate, 72% yield). (",
"5) Although at this stage tetra-*ortho*-substituted biaryls are beyond the scope of the reaction, the cross-coupling of unactivated 1-benzoylpiperidine-2,6-dione with mesitylene-2-boronic acid proceeds in promising 48% yield. ",
"Further studies are in progress to develop improved conditions and new ligands for decarbonylative cross-coupling reactions of amides.",
"\n\nDFT studies were conducted to gain insight into the reaction mechanism ([Fig. ",
"2](#fig2){ref-type=\"fig\"}), using the experimental amide substrate **1** and mode ligand dmpe.[@cit11a],[@cit18],[@cit23] The substrate-coordinated complex **4** undergoes a facile C--N bond cleavage occurs *via***TS6**, leading to the acylpalladium intermediate **7**. ",
"Subsequent decarbonylation occurs through **TS8** to generate the arylpalladium species **9**. **",
"9** then undergoes the CO dissociation, and subsequent transmetallation *via***TS12** generates the LPd(Ph)~2~ intermediate **14**. ",
"In **TS12**, the base complexes with the boronic acid, which promotes the efficiency of the rate-determining transmetallation and lowers the overall reaction barrier. ",
"This is consistent with previous mechanistic studies,[@cit24] and corroborated the importance of weak base for the reaction success ([Table 1](#tab1){ref-type=\"table\"}).[@cit25] From **14**, the aryl--aryl reductive elimination is quite efficient through **TS15**, leading to the product-coordinated complex **16**. **",
"16** eventually undergoes the product extrusion and regenerates the palladium(0) catalyst. ",
"Based on the DFT-computed free energy profile, the on-cycle resting state is the acylpalladium intermediate **7**. ",
"The rate-determining step is the transmetallation *via***TS12**, which requires a overall barrier of 29.5 kcal mol^--1^ (**7** to **TS12**).",
"\n\n{ref-type=\"fn\"} for computational details.](c9sc03169c-f2){#fig2}\n\nWe conducted additional competition studies to shed light on the mechanism ([Fig. ",
"3](#fig3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). (",
"1) Intermolecular competition experiments revealed that electron-deficient boronic acids couple preferentially (4-Ac : 4-MeO = 93 : 7, glutarimide; 4-Ac : 4-MeO = 92 : 8, *N*--Ac), consistent with coordination of the leaving group to boron, while electron-poor amides are more reactive (4-CN : 4-H \\>95 : 5, glutarimide; 4-CF~3~ : 4-H, 82 : 18, *N*--Ac), consistent with facility of metal insertion.[@cit11] (2) Furthermore, the reaction is not significantly affected by steric hindrance on either boronic acid (4-Me : 2-Me = 54 : 46, glutarimide; 4-Me : 2-Me = 47 : 53, *N*--Ac) or amide (4-Me : 2-Me = 55 : 45, *N*--Ac), consistent with decarbonylation preceding transmetallation.[@cit21]\n\n{#fig3}\n\nConclusions\n===========\n\nIn conclusion, we have developed the first palladium-catalyzed decarbonylative Suzuki--Miyaura cross-coupling of amides for the synthesis of biaryls. ",
"A catalyst system derived from a Pd([ii]{.smallcaps}) precatalyst and a mild base enabled the direct route to biaryls from amides by selective carbon--nitrogen bond cleavage. ",
"This Pd-catalyzed reaction shows high generality and is compatible with a broad range of electronically-diverse cross-coupling partners. ",
"Furthermore, we demonstrated that a wide range of amides including both *N*-cyclic and *N*-acyclic are readily amendable to the cross-coupling. ",
"The key finding enabling the synthesis of biaryls was realization that decarbonylation must occur prior to the transmetallation step in palladium catalytic cycle. ",
"DFT studies demonstrated that mechanism involving decarbonylation prior to transmetalation is likely operative. ",
"Given the great importance of palladium-catalyzed Suzuki--Miyaura cross-couplings in chemical science, we believe that this reaction has a significant potential to enhance the utility of amides in cross-coupling reactions of general interest.",
"\n\nConflicts of interest\n=====================\n\nThere are no conflicts to declare.",
"\n\nSupplementary Material\n======================\n\nSupplementary information\n\n###### \n\nClick here for additional data file.",
"\n\nWe thank the NSF (CAREER CHE-1650766, M. S.), Rutgers University (M. S.), NSFC (21702182 and 21873081, X. H.), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2019QNA3009, X. H.) and Zhejiang University (X. H.) for generous financial support. ",
"The Bruker 500 MHz spectrometer used in this study was supported by the NSF-MRI grant (CHE-1229030). ",
"Calculations were performed on the high-performance computing system at the Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University.",
"\n\n[^1]: †Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Experimental details and characterization data. ",
"See DOI: [10.1039/c9sc03169c](10.1039/c9sc03169c)\n"
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[
"(A scary story about travel.)",
"\n\n“You never know what’s sharing the road with you after dark,” Dad said as he gave me my first driving lesson. “",
"Whenever you’re driving alone on an empty road, pay attention to what you pass — even if it’s just something you notice for half a second out of the corner of your eye or just out of the range of your headlights. ",
"Because even if you’re not looking at it, you can be damn sure it’s looking at you.”",
"\n\nHe died in a car accident a number of years later. ",
"It happened just after midnight, on an empty road, in the middle of nowhere. ",
"The software in the truck notified his dispatcher that there’d been a crash. ",
"By the time the sheriff and paramedics arrived, he was long dead.",
"\n\nThe official report indicated he died as the result of injuries sustained when his tractor trailer skidded off the road and struck a bridge abutment at forty miles per hour. ",
"What they neglected to mention was the damage to the truck was nowhere near enough to do what the supposed crash did to my father. ",
"In images that still haunt me twenty years later, I recall what he looked like on that slab in the coroner’s office.",
"\n\nIt was like he’d been attacked by a wild animal.",
"\n\nLike he’d been half eaten.",
"\n\nThe words of advice Dad gave me during that driving lesson never seemed more relevant. ",
"Something had gotten him. ",
"He wasn’t paying attention and something was able to take advantage.",
"\n\nNowadays, I only drive at night if it’s an absolute necessity. ",
"And I’m vigilant. ",
"Especially now that I’ve been paying attention, not just to the nighttime conditions, but to what I see during the day.",
"\n\nFind a stretch of well-used, poorly-maintained road. ",
"One of the ones that haven’t had a trash crew come by for weeks or months. ",
"Take a walk.",
"\n\nAmong the bottles of piss and McDonald’s wrappers and used condoms, you’ll find hard pieces of what you’ll initially pass off as gravel or broken glass. ",
"Give them a closer look. ",
"They’re more than just rock or refuse.",
"\n\nThe widest parts all have brownish crimson edges. ",
"If you look down closer, inside the thing, you’ll see a line of similar color. ",
"I dare you to say it doesn’t look like a vein.",
"\n\nBring one of them to the pavement. ",
"Try not to get hit by a car. ",
"When the coast is clear, put the sharper end of the thing inside one of the scratches you’ll no doubt find scoring the surface of the road. ",
"They’re not very deep, but they’re numerous.",
"\n\nThe piece fits perfectly, doesn’t it?",
"\n\nI’ve been to almost every state in the union. ",
"I’ve investigated highways spanning cities, avenues connecting towns, and streets passing through the middle of nowhere. ",
"Every one of them has those objects and those scratches. ",
"Some have more, some have fewer.",
"\n\nLast night, I was in a taxi on my way from the airport to my hotel in downtown Boise. ",
"I was holding one of the things in my palm, absently feeling it and telling myself it wasn’t what I knew it had to be.",
"\n\nThe driver stopped at a stoplight and I glanced out the window toward nothing in particular. ",
"Then I picked up motion far in the corner of my eye, outside the illumination of the streetlamp. ",
"I didn’t turn my head. ",
"I stared straight ahead, watching the movement in my peripheral vision.",
"\n\nSomething long and articulated crept up to the side of the taxi. ",
"It moved like a centipede, but was as tall as a dog. ",
"I heard it, too. ",
"The sound was low – barely within my range of hearing. ",
"Had I not been tuned in on its presence, I wouldn’t have noticed it at all. ",
"It was the scratching sound of its sharp feet traversing the pavement.",
"\n\nI fingered the piece in my hand and held my breath.",
"\n\nThe light turned green and my driver began his slow acceleration. ",
"Right as he did, I whirled my head toward the creature on my left. ",
"It was a foot away. ",
"I stared at its face — no fewer than twenty black, compound eyes above a set of chitinous pincers and a gaping maw filled with innumerable teeth.",
"\n\nThe moment our eyes met, it slunk back into the darkness. ",
"But not before I heard one of its claws on the door.",
"\n\nAt the hotel, I thanked the driver, tipped him, and advised him to be careful.",
"\n\n“Buddy, these are some of the safest roads in the country,” he laughed. “",
"But thanks for looking out!”",
"\n\nI nodded and closed the door. ",
"A long line of paint was missing. ",
"I pressed the object I’d been carrying against the scratch. ",
"It fit. ",
"Just like I knew it would.",
"\n\nMore.",
"\n\nLike this: Like Loading..."
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[
"Not Investing In ICO’s? ",
"You May End Up Regretting It\n\nBy Steven Krohn · October 22, 2017\n\nAt this very moment, someone just doubled their initial investment in an ICO. ",
"Yes! ",
"There it is again. ",
"Most traditional investors are still looking at Bloomberg reports and patting their backs for a mere 10 – 25 % per annum return.",
"\n\nHowever, there’s an “unseen” marketplace that is growing at an exponential rate. ",
"The participants in these markets are potentially doubling their initial investment in mere days or weeks.",
"\n\nWhat we are talking about is Initial Coin Offerings or ICOs. ",
"You may be thinking, “I’ve seen this a million times before – a so-called gold rush where only the sellers of the shovels get rich.” ",
"We understand your skepticism and encourage you to be a cynic.",
"\n\nHowever, what if it’s a legitimate opportunity? ",
"Will you forgive yourself for not jumping in? ",
"If we can have a moment of your time, consider this illustration that might change your mind.",
"\n\nHave you heard of Initial Public Offerings, more commonly known as IPOs? ",
"To better understand IPOs and ICOs, consider the following scenario.",
"\n\nWhat if you own a company and you need more capital for growth? ",
"You basically have two options.",
"\n\nThe first is borrowing money from the bank. ",
"Obviously this means that you will have to repay the bank, over time, plus interest. ",
"This is probably not the best option to pick. ",
"A growing company needs to focus all the cash it can acquire for their expansion.",
"\n\nA second option is to conduct an IPO. ",
"An IPO is basically selling a company’s shares on a public stock market for the first time. ",
"If someone buys the shares, the money goes to your company’s coffers without the burden of debt, and it’s associated interest.",
"\n\nYou must consider that you’d be giving up equity. ",
"That may not be a big deal IF you don’t lose control of your company. ",
"Notwithstanding, 51% ownership of a $100 million company is still an abundance of money. ",
"When given these two options, it’s likely that you’d prefer the IPO route.",
"\n\nHere’s the contention with IPOs\n\nIPOs are notoriously difficult to deal with. ",
"First, you’ll need an army of lawyers to sort through all of the legal issues and details. ",
"Next, you’ll need to spend a lot of time and effort to get approval from the various regulatory agencies and commissions. ",
"Consider also that it may take years in the making before you can finally hold an IPO.",
"\n\nLet’s recap a bit.",
"\n\nWe know that an IPO is the best method available for a company to raise the necessary funding levels for growth. ",
"IPOs are notoriously difficult to run by nature.",
"\n\nThat said, what if there was an easier way for companies to conduct an IPO? ",
"Well now there is, it’s called an Initial Coin Offering.",
"\n\nICOs are a product born to solve one big problem, to get a company funded efficiently and effectively. ",
"ICOs bypass all those difficult regulatory agencies and commissions.",
"\n\nWhen using an ICO, companies with great ideas, have an excellent shot at raising the capital they need. ",
"Thus, they can turn their vision into reality. ",
"ICOs are not only beneficial for companies, but they are good for you.",
"\n\nAdvantages of An ICO\n\n* Easier To Start – if you want to buy shares of a company look for an IPO. ",
"Most often you will have to open an account with a stockbroker. ",
"You could be looking at depositing thousands of dollars to open an account. ",
"Then you can start buying stocks at “retail” prices, which are naturally higher.",
"\n\nAn ICO is different because there’s no such thing as a “broker account.” ",
"You simply buy tokens with your Bitcoin, Ethereum or other cryptocurrency. ",
"These tokens already represent the equivalent of company shares.",
"\n\nYou’ll also bypass having to pay “retail” prices for your coins/tokens. ",
"The result is that you’ll have a much simpler path to benefit. ",
"You’ll also have less expensive transaction costs.",
"\n\n* Accessible – IPOs are usually locked geographically. ",
"What that means is that an Australian can’t purchase IPOs of an American-based company without jumping through lots of hoops. ",
"ICOs, on the other hand, offer anyone from around the world the chance to participate.",
"\n\n* High Profitability – We can say the potential for profits with ICOs is a lot higher than the traditional IPOs. ",
"Why? ",
"It’s simply easier and less expensive for companies and investors. ",
"More investors and sellers result in more demand thus driving prices higher.",
"\n\nSo, at some point in history, the automobile was invented, revolutionizing how humans travel. ",
"Then along came the computer and the Internet, which drastically changed how we live our lives.",
"\n\nSimilarly, we could be at the initial stages of a huge revolution with cryptocurrencies and ICOs. ",
"There is an inherent risk in being early, but the potential large returns tend to offset the risk."
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[
"Les politiciens des trois principaux partis ont bien l'intention de participer, même discrètement, à «J'ai ma pelle», cette première pelletée de terre populaire du nouvel amphithéâtre de Québec.",
"\n\nL'événement aura lieu le 3 septembre, jour de la Fête du travail et veille des élections provinciales et, mardi, le coorganisateur de l'événement et président de «J'ai ma place», Mario Bédard, a bien averti qu'à part le maire Régis Labeaume, aucun politicien n'y serait mis en valeur ou invité à y faire un discours.",
"\n\n«On sait, bien entendu, que les politiciens vont être présents. ",
"Mais ce n'est pas une pelletée de terre protocolaire qu'on veut avoir, cette journée-là. ",
"On veut une pelletée de terre pour le peuple et c'est ça qu'on vise», expliquait aujourd'hui Mario Bédard.",
"\n\nTant au Parti libéral qu'au Parti québécois et à la Coalition avenir Québec, on confirme que les candidats de la région de Québec seront sur place, mais dans la foule.",
"\n\n«Je vais être là avec les candidats du Parti québécois», d'expliquer Agnès Maltais, candidate péquiste dans Taschereau. «",
"On soutient le projet, mais on va être dans la foule avec le monde parce que c'est un projet pour le monde.»",
"\n\nMême message du candidat libéral Sam Hamad, qui ne semble pas prendre ombrage de la décision des organisateurs de «J'ai ma pelle».",
"\n\n«Les citoyens de Québec n'oublieront pas que c'est le gouvernement du Québec, à l'initiative de M Charest et de l'équipe de la région que nous avons mis 200 millions $ pour le Colisée.»",
"\n\nLa réaction du candidat caquiste de Chauveau, là-dessus, est cinglante.",
"\n\n«J'ose espérer que les libéraux ne disent pas que c'est eux qui ont payé ça. ",
"Ce sont les contribuables qui paient ça. ",
"Maintenant, est-ce que les libéraux estiment que l'argent des contribuables, c'est le leur? ",
"C'est peut-être pour ça qu'ils vont avoir une mauvaise surprise, le 4 septembre.»",
"\n\nRappelons que 30 000 personnes sont attendues, le 3 septembre, pour cette première pelletée de terre populaire du nouvel amphithéâtre de Québec.",
"\n\nIncorrect or missing Brightcove Settings"
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"Western Australia's environmental watchdog has knocked back a proposed uranium mine in the state's Goldfields, at the site of Australia's largest uranium deposit.",
"\n\nKey points: Uranium mine near WA's Wiluna would threaten subterranean fauna, EPA finds\n\nUranium mine near WA's Wiluna would threaten subterranean fauna, EPA finds But company proposing the mine, Cameco, says risks can be mitigated\n\nBut company proposing the mine, Cameco, says risks can be mitigated Landowner spokesman says area sacred, and mine should not go ahead\n\nThe Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) said Cameco Australia's Yeelirrie Uranium project could not meet one of the nine key environmental factors.",
"\n\nThe Canadian company sought to mine up to 7,500 tonnes of uranium oxide concentrate per year from the Yeelirrie deposit, about 420 kilometres north of Kalgoorlie-Boulder and 70km south-west of Wiluna.",
"\n\nThe facility was to include two open pits, processing facilities, roads, accommodation, stockpile and laydown areas.",
"\n\nIt would have transported the uranium oxide by road for export through the Port of Adelaide.",
"\n\nThe authority's chairman, Dr Tom Hatton, said the assessment process was extensive and involved public consultation and a site visit.",
"\n\nEPA Chairman Tom Hatton says Cameco had put forward well considered management strategies for the site but there was too much risk to the area's subterranean fauna.",
"\n\n\"The project happens to be located in a particular place that is very rich in underground, stygofauna we call it, the animals that live in the groundwater,\" he said.",
"\n\n\"And in the case of three of those species in particular, the risk to their viability as a species was just too great for us to recommend the project go ahead.\"",
"\n\nEnvironmental concerns can be 'managed'\n\nIn a statement, Cameco said it believed it could overcome the EPA's concerns.",
"\n\n\"We believe that with further sampling and research, subterranean fauna can be appropriately managed at Yeelirrie and we will work with government agencies and stakeholders to find a way forward,\" Cameco Australia managing director Brian Reilly said.",
"\n\n\"Cameco believes the long-term fundamentals of the nuclear industry are strong and we are taking prudent steps to prepare our uranium projects for improved market conditions.\"",
"\n\nTraditional owner Kado Muir in a previous march against uranium mining at Yeelirrie. ( ",
"Supplied: Conservation Council of WA )\n\nThe proposal had attracted protests, including from traditional owner and Chair of WA nuclear free alliance Kado Muir, who argued there was no broad community support for uranium mining in Western Australia.",
"\n\nMr Muir said the decision was \"great news\" for local Aboriginal groups fighting against mining at Yeelirrie for 46 years.",
"\n\n\"The message that we have is by standing strong for country, we're able to show that mining industry doesn't always win and that Aboriginal people who stand up for their country can succeed, as well as working with the environmental movement on protecting important species,\" he said.",
"\n\nMr Muir said Cameco's argument that it could manage the species was not possible.",
"\n\n\"If you destroy a habitat, and that's where this entire species has evolved and continued to live in isolated pockets beneath the earth, there's no way in the world that you can manage and take them elsewhere and introduce them elsewhere,\" he said.",
"\n\nLeader of the Koara people, Richard Evans, said he was ecstatic about the decision because the area was a sacred site.",
"\n\n\"The place is not a go-zone for anybody and yet foreign people going in there,\" he said.",
"\n\n\"They're wanting to mine it but we're very happy that they're not going to mine it now.\"",
"\n\nThe EPA put the proposal up for public comment for 12 weeks, attracting 169 responses and a further 2,946 pro forma submissions.",
"\n\nA final decision on the proposal rests with the Environment Minister.",
"\n\nThe EPA gave a proposal for Western Australia's first uranium mine the green light in 2012, the first to be approved since the lifting of a state ban on uranium mining in 2008.",
"\n\nBut the project, put forward by South Australian mining company Toro Energy, has stalled on the back of falling demand and global prices for the commodity."
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"Venous sinus thrombosis and consumptive coagulopathy: a role for heparin?",
"\nCerebral venous sinus thrombosis is a relatively rare but serious condition, more commonly affecting children and pregnant women. ",
"It can be precipitated by dehydration. ",
"Despite the frequent coexistence of hemorrhage in venous infarcts of patients, clinical trials in adults recommended the use of anticoagulation. ",
"No randomized, clinical trials exist in the pediatric age group. ",
"Rarely, consumptive coagulopathy is reported to coexist with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. ",
"We report on a child with venous sinus thrombosis and consumptive coagulopathy developing after routine tonsillectomy and its successful management with anticoagulation."
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"Deficits in urological knowledge among medical students and primary care providers: potential for impact on urological care.",
"\nRecent data indicate a decline in the urological education of third and fourth year medical students. ",
"To determine if this decline has an impact on the treatment of patients we performed a survey to evaluate the general level of knowledge, attitudes and practices with regard to common urological issues seen in a general medical practice among medical students and faculty involved in primary care at an academic institution. ",
"A confidential questionnaire was distributed to attendings, residents and fellows, and the clinical medical students at our academic institution to ascertain how they evaluate and treat patients with common urological complaints. ",
"All responses were entered into SPSS statistical software. ",
"A total of 300 surveys were distributed, 150 of which were returned with complete information for data analysis. ",
"Knowledge with regard to various conditions including hematuria, recognition of an age specific abnormality in serum prostate specific antigen and overactive bladder was low for all groups. ",
"Furthermore, respondents demonstrated a low likelihood of requesting formal urological evaluation for these conditions. ",
"Exposure to a urology elective in medical school had a positive impact on some areas of urological evaluation. ",
"General urological knowledge with regard to the primary care setting is insufficient. ",
"The potential for impact on patient care is enormous. ",
"These data highlight the need for a definitive urological curriculum in medical school as well as continued education at the resident and faculty level with regard to evaluation, management and recognition of when to request formal urological evaluation in the primary care setting."
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"Q:\n\nOverriding new operator - non-allocating placement allocation functions\n\nI am in need to write / overload / override default C++ new operator. ",
"I found this below information -\nnon-allocating placement allocation functions\nvoid* operator new ( std::size_t count, void* ptr );\n(9) \nvoid* operator new[]( std::size_t count, void* ptr );\n(10) \n\nAs per documentation it state -\nCalled by the standard single-object placement new expression. ",
"The standard library implementation performs no action and returns ptr unmodified.",
"\n\nI am not able to clear myself by what is meant by \"non-allocating placement allocation functions\"?",
"\n\nA:\n\nThese overloads are used by placement new. ",
"This is an expression that creates an object at a memory location, but doesn't allocate space for it. ",
"For instance, in this toy example:\nvoid foo() {\n void *raw = malloc(sizeof(int));\n int *pint = new(raw) int(10);\n\n pint->~int();\n free(raw);\n}\n\nThis illustrates that if we need to create an object in memory allocated by something that is not the C++ standard library (in this case, the C allocation functions), special syntax is used to create an object at that location.",
"\nThe placement operator new accepts the address, and returns it unchanged. ",
"Thus the new expression just creates an object there. ",
"Naturally, we cannot call delete to free said object and memory, we must do an explicit destructor call, followed by the correct memory deallocation function.",
"\n\n"
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"HER2 testing in breast carcinoma: very low concordance rate between reference and local laboratories in Brazil.",
"\nBreast cancer accounts for approximately one quarter of all cancers in females. ",
"HER2 gene amplification or HER2 protein overexpression, detected in about 20% of breast carcinomas, predicts a more aggressive clinical course and determines eligibility for targeted therapy with trastuzumab. ",
"HER2 testing has become an essential part of the clinical evaluation of all breast carcinoma patients, and accurate HER2 results are critical in identifying patients who may be benefited from targeted therapy. ",
"This study investigated the concordance in the results of HER2 immunohistochemistry assays performed in 500 invasive breast carcinomas between a reference laboratory and 149 local laboratories from all geographic regions of Brazil. ",
"Our results showed an overall poor concordance (171 of 500 cases, 34.2%) regarding HER2 results between local and reference laboratories, which may be related to the low-volume load of HER2 assays, inexperience with HER2 scoring system, and/or technical issues related to immunohistochemistry in local laboratories. ",
"Standardization of HER2 testing with rigorous quality control measures by local laboratories is highly recommended to avoid erroneous treatment of breast cancer patients."
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"Q:\n\nHow convert an image in a code understood by browsers\n\nI would like to convert an entire image into it hex code for example and them embed it into an html document for display.",
"\nI know it can be done with vectors (svg for example), the problem is that they don't look that good for a photo.",
"\n\nA:\n\nwhat about base64?",
"\nyou can use online convertor, like http://webcodertools.com/imagetobase64converter\n\n"
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"Here you’ll find:\n\n-Beginning\n\n-Snowdin Forest\n\n-Snowdin Town\n\n-The Great Papyrus’ Fight (and Hangout)\n\nRuins | Waterfall | Hotland | CORE | New Home | Post Neutral | The End\n\n-Beginning-\n\nOnce at the forest, Paper and Kongo don’t meet Sans inmediately after leaving the ruins, so they have time to walk around. ",
"They discuss on where they are. ",
"Truth is, Kongo was born in the Ruins, and it’s not like Toriel had ever allowed them out or anything. ",
"The two walk around, solving some puzzles that they find sprinkled through the entrance, and Kongo talks more about his family.",
"\n\nAs it turns out, Kongo has an older sibling that’s been looking after him for some years, but now that he’s at the Ruins’ University, he hasn’t really, well… had any real friends. ",
"And while Kongo is talking, Chara also is talking to Paper about the forest and stuff. ",
"Needless to say, it’s hard for Paper to keep up with both conversations, but he manages.",
"\n\nEventually, they reach a room with a lamp and sans’ stand. ",
"They jear two voices, so Paper hides behind the stand, and Kongo hides behind the conviniently human-shaped lamp that does not hide him at all.",
"\n\nPapyrus and Sans come in, well, more like Papyrus is dragging Sans through the snow. “",
"I CAN’T BELIEVE YOU’RE FORCING ME TO DRAG YOU TO WORK, SIMPLY UNBELIEVABLE.” ",
"He proclaims, as he literally slides sans behind the counter. ",
"Paper jumps out of it in surprise, and Papyrus and Paper share an awkward stare. “… ",
"SANS, SINCE WHEN DO YOU KEEP WEIRD MONSTERS IN YOUR STAND???” “",
"bro, i think that’s a human.” ",
"Papyrus is shocked, and all of a sudden gets nervous and excited. ",
"He didn’t have time to practice his speech today! ",
"So he quickly makes his way out of the scene.",
"\n\nSans introduces himself, and gives Paper some pointers on what’s up with Paps. ",
"Kongo leaves from hiding as well and isn’t really comfortable at the skeleton’s proposition of “playing along”, neither of the kids know what he means, but whatever. ",
"Soon enough, Kongo and Paper go deeper into Snowdin Forest…\n\n-Snowdin Forest-\n\nSnowdin’s forest is quite amazingly filled with many Puzzles, side puzzles, side puzzles for the side puzzles, and riddles that puzzle the puzzles. ",
"Most of them are similar to those of UT’s, save for the fact that there’s now more platforming-oriented puzzles, such as timed switches that need to be pressed as quickly as possible, some flip side platforms that change depending on your jump (think 3D land/world’s).",
"\n\nIt’s at these puzzles that Paper and Kongo meet Merry, a bunny monster that’s not as used at Puzzle solving, and got herself stuck in the switch hidden in the snow puzzle. ",
"After Paper and Kongo manage to solve the puzzle, Merry is relieved that she doesn’t have to deal with that stupid puzzle. ",
"Kongo introduces himself and Paper to Merry, he explains that their plan is to leave the Underground. ",
"Their idea is to go through the barrier. ",
"While Merry greatly questions how are they going to do THAT, she decides to remain silent. ",
"Seeing as the group is headed towards Snowdin town, she decides to follow along.",
"\n\n* Merry has joined your party!",
"\n\nNow that Merry is in the party, she can carry Paper, and jump greater heights than Paper ever could. ",
"albeit with the downside that she can only jump high in 4 directions. ",
"In battle, Merry can do a shield spell, which can take one hit before dissapearing. ",
"Though over the course of the story, she can learn other skills as well.",
"\n\nThe next time they face Sans and Papyrus, he realizes that now it’s three. ",
"Papyrus ponders if the human is amassing an army or something, and he asks if he could join it. ",
"Merry, somewhat annoyed with Papyrus because of the puzzle from earlier. ",
"quickly shoots down his idea, saying that they’re already full. ",
"He gasps, heartbroken, Papyrus dramatically leaves the area. ",
"Sans briefly mentions how it wasn’t cool, and heads with Paps as well… Paper frowns at Merry, to which she’s like “What? ",
"He got what he deserved…”\n\nHe will adress this later, for sure. ",
"But for now,it’s time to head into…\n\n-Snowdin Town-\n\nOnce they’re in the Town, Merry decides to give the group a Tour around the town, where she shows off how much of the Town she knows about. ",
"Of course, she doesn’t know everything, because the moment Kongo asks “Where does the Ice go to, anyway?” ",
"Merry stays silent for a bit, before awkwardly uttering “… I don’t know.”, ",
"and looks away embarassed. ",
"The group goes to basically all the main locations, buying some food and badges, and such.",
"\n\nThere’s also a shop ran by Sans in Snowdin, where you can buy a “Sans Hammer”. ",
"It costs 9999G, so Paper and the crew think it’s an obvious scam, but Sans offers them a 999% discount, just ‘cause they know him. ",
"And Kongo just can’t resist it, so he buys one for 99G for himself. ",
"The moment he takes it out of the box, it turns out to be nothing but an oddly realistic sock tied to a branch. “",
"hey, there’s only one sock like that 'round here. ",
"you could say it’s out of this world.” ",
"Kongo gets frustrated, and hands it over to Paper. ",
"But he’s not using it anytime soon.",
"\n\nPaper wants to check out the Inn, but Merry is like “You guys DO know I live here, right? ",
"We could just sleep there!” ",
"And thus, Paper’s dream of going to the Inn have been ruined forever. ",
"The crew have the option to go to Merry’s house now which is what they do next. ",
"The crew has a power nap on the couch- which also maxes out their HP and then they’re ready to continue.",
"\n\nThe crew has a brief nap at Merry’s house, which leaves them ready to continue on their adventure. ",
"HOWEVER, THERE IS ONE MORE OBSTACLE THEY NEED TO FACE, AND THAT IS…\n\n-THE GREAT PAPYRUS’ COOL BATTLE! (",
"AND HANGOUT)-\n\nThe exit to Snowdin Town gets progressively foggier as they go on, before they stumble against Papyrus, who is standing there. ",
"He rants about how he feels, since he’s been rejected from the little club the human is making, he now has no option but to fight them! ",
"And then the human will be delivered to the capital, and then…! ",
"AND THEN…! ",
"He doesn’t know, but whatever, it’s time to FIGHT!",
"\n\nDuring the fight, Paper and Kongo try to convince Papyrus that they didn’t mean to hurt his feelings, and that he can join the crew if he wants. ",
"Papyrus doesn’t listen. ",
"IF Paper is defeated, regardless of the partners’ HP, Papyrus will drag him into the shed, which is just the same as the OG one. ",
"Blue mode operates the same as UT, save for the fact that Paper is the only one that is blue’d.",
"\n\nAfter the fight, Papyrus is all down that he couldn’t beat them, despite being so strong! ",
"Now neither Undyne or the human’s club will want someone as weak as me! ",
"However Paper reassures him that he can join in and be a part. ",
"Merry questions it greatly, but Papyrus gasps in excitement, he’s so happy! ",
"He finally made friends! ",
"All that he had to do is put people through puzzles and fight them!!! ",
"He offers to host a party at his house to celebrate that he is now a member of the crew, and flies away.",
"\n\nMerry asks Paper why the hell did he do that, Papyrus DID try to kill him. ",
"Kongo points out that he himself DID try to beat Paper down to a pulp, yet he’s accepted him as a friend. ",
"Paper asks what is Merry’s problem with Papyrus, and she answers that Papyrus is for the most part a nuisance, and that his puzzles have caused more issues than they have solved them. ",
"Not to mention he’s so loud when he’s around. ",
"Paper suggests that she talks to Papyrus about this.",
"\n\nSo they backtrack, and head to Papyrus’ house.",
"\n\nPapyrus greets them at the door, and lets them in. ",
"It’s a bit surprising that, since the fight just happened, he managed to decorate and prepare snacks (spaghetti) for everyone. ",
"Papyrus is a decent host, for what it’s worth. ",
"They play a board game called Humans and Stairs, plus some other non-human-acceptant games. ",
"But Papyrus blames it on the propaganda that’s been going around lately. ",
"The group, including Merry, enjoys most of it, save for the spaghetti. ",
"Merry didn’t eat it, and the others two did it out of the wish not to upset Papyrus.",
"\n\nThe trio of two monsters and one human eventually head out, and Kongo asks if Papyrus is going to follow them. ",
"But Papyrus says that he… Isn’t. ",
"He has business to deal with, but he lets them know that no matter, he 100% will support them in heart!!! ",
"The crew heads out, and leaves to Waterfall. ",
"Merry’s impresions on Papyrus having changed."
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"Philae obelisk\n\nThe Philae obelisk is one of twin obelisks discovered in 1815 at Philae in Upper Egypt. ",
"It was discovered nearly intact, while its twin had broken into pieces in antiquity. ",
" Both were soon afterwards obtained by William John Bankes, an acquisition which included an important bilingual inscription.",
"\n\nHe noted two inscriptions on it, one in Egyptian hieroglyphs, and the other in ancient Greek. ",
"By comparing the two texts, although they were not translations of one another, Bankes believed that he recognised the names Ptolemy and Cleopatra in hieroglyphic characters. ",
"His identification was confirmed afterward by Thomas Young and Jean-François Champollion, and the obelisk was useful to Champollion in his eventual decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs.",
"\n\nThe inscriptions record a petition by the Egyptian priests at Philae and the favourable response by Ptolemy VIII Euergetes and queens Cleopatra II and Cleopatra III. ",
"The obelisk has been dated to approximately 118 or 117 BC.",
"\n\nDuring the 1820s, Bankes acquired the obelisk and a single, large broken piece of its twin found at Philae and had them transported to his estate at Kingston Lacy in Dorset, England. ",
"The operation was carried out by the adventurer Giovanni Belzoni. ",
"The obelisk was set up as a central feature of the gardens; nearby the broken piece of the twin was set into the lawn as a romantic ruin. ",
" The house and estate were bequeathed to the National Trust and the obelisk is located in the gardens. ",
"The obelisk is a Grade II* listed building.",
"\n\nIn October and November 2014, Ben Altshuler of the Institute for Digital Archaeology, in association with Alan Bowman and Charles Crowther of Oxford's Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents (CSAD), made RTI scans of the obelisk. ",
"They observed significant, previously illegible Egyptian and Greek inscriptions.",
"\n\nThe obelisk, in keeping with its bilingual nature and the \"translation\" metaphor of the Rosetta space mission, gives its name to the mission Philae robotic lander, which arrived at the comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko on 6 August 2014 and landed on 12 November 2014.",
"\n\nReferences\n\nBibliography \n\n Edwyn R. Bevan, The House of Ptolemy (London: Methuen, 1927) pp.",
" 322–23 Textus\n E. A. Wallis Budge, The decrees of Memphis and Canopus (3 vols. ",
"London: Kegan Paul, 1904) vol. ",
"1 pp.",
" 139–59 \n Erik Iversen, Obelisks in exile. ",
"Vol. ",
"2: The obelisks of Istanbul and England (Copenhagen: Gad, 1972) pp.",
" 62–85\n T. G. H. James, Egyptian antiquities at Kingston Lacy, Dorset: the collection of William John Bankes. ",
"San Francisco: KMT Communications, 1993–94\n Stephanie Roberts, \"The Real Cleopatra's Needle\" in Ancient Egypt (Dec. 2007/Jan. 2008)\n Anne Sebba, The exiled collector: William Bankes and the making of an English country house. ",
"London: John Murray, 2004\n\nCategory:2nd-century BC steles\nCategory:Ancient Egyptian obelisks\nCategory:Egyptian inscriptions\nCategory:Greek inscriptions\nCategory:Philae\nCategory:Monuments and memorials in Dorset\nCategory:Grade II* listed buildings in Dorset\nCategory:Grade II* listed monuments and memorials\nCategory:Relocated ancient Egyptian monuments\nCategory:Obelisks in England"
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"This site uses cookies and other tracking technologies to provide you with our services, enhance the performance and functionality of our services, analyze the use of our products and services, and assist with our advertising and marketing efforts.",
"\n\nAnnapolis Junction, M.D. - For more than 80 years, Sandvik Welding Consumables has been a world-leading developer and manufacturer of advanced stainless steels and nickel filler metals for demanding environments. ",
"To broaden and enhance its portfolio of specialty alloys, ESAB Welding & Cutting Products acquired the Sandvik welding consumables business, finalizing the transaction earlier this year. ",
"Beginning November 1, these products will go to market under the name Exaton™, an ESAB brand. ",
"As part of the brand update, the following changes will occur:\n\nProduct packaging will be updated to reflect the new Exaton brand and logo.",
"\n\nThe product itself will retain current labeling.",
"\n\nThe contents of the Sandvik website, including specifications and Material Safety Data Sheets, will be transferred to the ESAB website.",
"\n\nThe Sandvik Welding Handbook mobile app, which features all in the information in the Welding Handbook PDF and useful calculators, will be transferred to the ESAB site.",
"\n\n\"While Sandvik will move forward as Exaton, customers can be assured that the most important factors will remain the same: the excellent performance, metallurgy and weldability of our consumables,\" says Shyam Kambeyanda, President, ESAB.",
"\n\n\"Batch after batch, Exaton products operate at the same parameters and deliver the same superior results,\" says Calander. \"",
"Run one batch of Exaton welding consumables, and you'll experience the performance difference.\"",
"\n\nExaton wire grades use a proprietary surface lubricant that delivers superior feeding properties, while micro-alloy additions improve weldability factors such as reduced spatter for shorter cleanup time, improved flow control to eliminate welding defects and faster deposition for increased productivity. ",
"Exaton's innovative chemistry also delivers productivity improvements, such as obtaining permissible finished chemistry with a single layer weld overlay in applications that traditionally require two or even three layers.",
"\n\n\"When specialty applications require new and unique alloys, Exaton's metallurgical experts are renowned for custom-developed formulations. ",
"We can then manufacturer alloy batches as small as 1.5 tons and as large as 70 tons,\" says Calander.",
"\n\nESAB Welding & Cutting Products is a recognized leader in the welding and cutting industry. ",
"From time-honored processes in welding and cutting to revolutionary technologies in mechanized cutting and automation, ESAB's filler metals, equipment, and accessories bring solutions to customers around the globe. ",
"For more information call 1-800-ESAB-123.",
"\n\nFollowing its acquisition of Sandvik welding consumablesbusiness earlier this year, ESAB announced that the brandis moving forward under the name Exaton, an ESAB brand.",
"On November 1, product information, a welding handbookand a mobile app will move to the ESAB website."
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"Typically they have employed data collection systems that require slip ring assemblies to be attached to the main rotor shafts to transfer power up to the instrumentation package and pass data down."
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"\"Alex.\" \"",
"Tod and George's dad just called.\" \"",
"He's picking you up at 3:30 tomorrow.\" \"",
"And the bus leaves the high school for the airport around 5.\" \"",
"How's my suitcase working out for you?\" \"",
"Whoa, Mom, Mom, Mom, you gotta leave that on.\" \"",
"Yeah, it's like the tag made the last flight without the plane crashing or anything.\" \"",
"So I figure it's gotta be on the bag, or at least, with the bag.\" \"",
"For luck.\" \"",
"Where would you get a nutball idea like that?\" \"",
"I'm still here.\" \"",
"So 17, on the loose.\" \"",
"Senior trip with your friends in Paris.\" \"",
"Ten days in the springtime.\" \"",
"Live it up, Alex.\" \"",
"You got your whole life ahead of you.\" \"",
"Alex.\" \"",
"Alex.\" \"",
"The white zone is for immediate loading and unloading of passengers only.\" \"",
"No parking.\" \"",
"Yeah, I've been sitting here for over an hour.\" \"",
"Where are you?\" \" ",
"Hey, Hitchcock.\" \"",
"What?\" \"",
"Let me give you a hand with this, man.\" \"",
"There you go.\" \"",
"Carter, you dick.\" \" ",
"Schmuck.\" \" ",
"Good one.\" \" ",
"You left this on the bus.\" \" ",
"Oh, thanks.\" \"",
"Come on, let's get your stuff together.\" \"",
"Hey, Christa.\" \"",
"Hi, Blake.\" \" ",
"What are you doing?\" \" ",
"He's the man.\" \"",
"The man.\" \"",
"All right, you guys got everything?\" \"",
"Yeah, yeah.\" \"",
"Dad, we're all set.\" \"",
"Does that mean go?\" \"",
"Don't know.\" \"",
"Look, this is for both of you, all right?\" \"",
"Have a great time.\" \" ",
"Thanks, Dad.\" \" ",
"Yeah.\" \" ",
"Both of us.\" \"",
"Let's go.\" \"",
"Alex.\" \" ",
"Yes?\" \" ",
"You take care of them.\" \" ",
"I will.\" \"",
"You know, I didn't think anything could look worse than my yearbook photo.\" \"",
"How do you think I feel having to look at you all the time?\" \" ",
"What the fuck does he want?\" \" ",
"Shh.\" \"\"",
"The airport does not endorse solicitors. \"\" \"",
"Death is not the end.\" \"",
"It will be for you if you harass my students.\" \" ",
"Hare Rama.\" \" ",
"Fuck off.\" \"",
"I have to ask you a few questions this evening.\" \"",
"Did you pack your bags yourself?\" \"",
"Have your belongings remained in your possession the entire time?\" \"",
"Mr. Browning?\" \"",
"Oh, yeah.\" \"",
"Have you received any packages from persons unknown to you?\" \" ",
"Same as your birthday.\" \" ",
"What?\" \"",
"September 25, 9:25.\" \"",
"Your birthday's the same as your departure time.\" \"",
"Because I looked at him.\" \"",
"Are you sure?\" \"",
"Lisa, wait up.\" \"",
"No, it's okay.\" \"",
"Fuck, that was good.\" \"",
"Dick.\" \" ",
"Hey.\" \"",
"Hey, George, Dad said both.\" \"",
"Both of us, all right, man?\" \"",
"Just give me some cash.\" \"",
"Hey, hey, knock it off.\" \"",
"Excuse me.\" \"",
"Catch.\" \"",
"You asshole.\" \" ",
"Thanks.\" \"",
"You're welcome.\" \"",
"Alex, let's go take a shit.\" \" ",
"Why don't you go by yourself?\" \" ",
"No, dude.\" \"",
"Listen, okay?\" \"",
"Listen, take some knowledge.\" \"",
"We're about to board a seven-hour flight.\" \"",
"The toilets in coach are barely ventilated closets, all right, if that.\" \"",
"Now, let's say halfway through the flight, your body wants that food out.\" \"",
"You gotta go torque a wicked cable.\" \"",
"And then right after you, like, directly after you walks in Christa or Blake.\" \"",
"You want them to associate you with that watery sting in their eye?\" \"",
"That reflexive gag at the back of their throat?\" \"",
"John Denver.\" \"",
"Died in a plane crash.\" \"",
"Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for your patience.\" \"",
"At this time, we would like to begin preboarding of Volée Air Flight 180 to Paris through Gate 46.\" \"",
"Anyone seen Billy Hitchcock?\" \"",
"How did we lose him?\" \"",
"Go.\" \"",
"Go.\" \"",
"Go.\" \"",
"Ow.\" \"",
"Ow.\" \"",
"That hurt.\" \"",
"Oh, my little baby.\" \"",
"That's a good sign.\" \"",
"The younger, the better.\" \"",
"It'd be a fucked-up God to take down this plane.\" \"",
"Hi.\" \"",
"A really fucked-up God.\" \"",
"Yeah.\" \"",
"Hi.\" \" ",
"Hey, Tod.\" \"",
"Hello.\" \"",
"How you doing?\" \"",
"I'm gonna sit here.\" \" ",
"Can you switch seats with Christa?\" \" ",
"Oh, God.\" \"",
"You know, I would, but I got a bladder thing.\" \"",
"It's a urinary tract infection.\" \"",
"Let's go ask Alex.\" \"",
"Alex, could you trade seats with Blake so she and I could sit together?\" \"",
"She asked Tod, but he said he had some sort of medical thing.\" \"",
"Please?\" \"",
"Yeah.\" \"",
"You're so sweet.\" \" ",
"Thanks, Alex.\" \" ",
"Thank you, Alex.\" \"",
"You're welcome, you're welcome, you're welcome.\" \"",
"Fag.\" \"",
"Did you really think we're gonna titty fuck them over Greenland?\" \"",
"You know, because of you, I gotta sit here and watch fucking Stuart Little.\" \"",
"Thank you.\" \"",
"Thanks, man.\" \"",
"That's great.\" \"",
"Sorry I'm late.\" \"",
"That's my seat right there.\" \"",
"Hello?\" \" ",
"I'm going that way.\" \"",
"May I have your attention?\" \"",
"To properly fasten your seat belts, slide the flat portion into the buckle.\" \" ",
"Equipped with six emergency exits:\" \"Two in front, two over the wing, two in the rear.\" \"",
"All exits are clearly marked.\" \"",
"Follow the red exit signs and public lighting in the aisle way.\" \"",
"Flight attendants, prepare for departure.\" \"",
"All right.\" \" ",
"All right, all right.\" \"",
"Yeah.\" \"",
"Whatever.\" \"",
"Huh?\" \"",
"It's okay.\" \" ",
"I wanna go.\" \" ",
"It's fine.\" \"",
"It's okay, honey, I...\" \"What the...?\" \"",
"Oh, my God!\" \"",
"Everybody...\" \"No!\" \"",
"No!\" \"",
"Christa!\" \"",
"No!\" \"",
"Alex, could you trade seats with Blake so she and I could sit together?\" \"",
"She asked Tod, but he said he had some medical thing.\" \"",
"Please?\" \"",
"What's up, dude?\" \" ",
"Is there a problem, sir?\" \" ",
"What's your problem?\" \"",
"Alex, qu'est-ce que c'est?\" \" ",
"The fucking plane's gonna explode.\" \" ",
"Shut up, Browning.\" \" ",
"You're so not funny.\" \" ",
"If this is your joke...\" \"It's not a joke.\" \"",
"It's not a joke.\" \" ",
"Alex, take it easy.\" \" ",
"That's it, sit down, Browning.\" \" ",
"It's going down.\" \" ",
"We will remove you.\" \" ",
"I'll remove him.\" \"",
"I'll remove myself.\" \" ",
"Excuse me.\" \"",
"Get off him.\" \" ",
"That's my seat right there.\" \"",
"This plane is going down.\" \"",
"Everybody in the aisle, off the plane.\" \"",
"Get off the plane.\" \" ",
"Stay where you are.\" \" ",
"Just sit tight.\" \"",
"The fucking plane is going down.\" \"",
"Go check him out.\" \"",
"See how he's doing.\" \"",
"Okay.\" \" ",
"I got my ticket here.\" \" ",
"Get off me.\" \"",
"Jerk.\" \" ",
"Hey.\" \" ",
"You got this?\" \"",
"No one gets back onboard.\" \" ",
"That's my call.\" \" ",
"Wait, please.\" \"",
"I've got 40 students going to Paris.\" \"",
"Please, please?\" \" ",
"Look, you must understand my position.\" \" ",
"I understand, and I apologize for Alex.\" \"",
"But one of us needs to be on that plane.\" \"",
"I cannot let students go to Paris for ten days...\" \"Carter, no.\" \" ",
"Sit the fuck down, Carter.\" \"",
"Sit down.\" \"",
"Sit.\" \"",
"One of you can go on the flight.\" \"",
"That's it.\" \"",
"Larry.\" \"",
"Airline's not taking this well.\" \"",
"They'll let one of us back on.\" \"",
"The rest can take an 11:10 flight.\" \"",
"It gets in three...\" \"I'll stay.\" \"",
"No, no, you know the whole French thing.\" \"",
"Get on the plane, it's fine.\" \"",
"Hi, Mr. Murnau.\" \"",
"See, I was in the bathroom.\" \"",
"And the lock, it was stuck, and...\" \"Oh, wait, I didn't fight with anyone.\" \"",
"Damn.\" \"",
"Thanks.\" \"",
"I just...\" \"I called your parents.\" \"",
"They're on their way.\" \"",
"We should be going.\" \"",
"Alex, talk to me.\" \"",
"Tell me what happened.\" \"",
"I saw it.\" \"",
"Like, I don't know.\" \"",
"I saw it.\" \"",
"I saw it on the runway.\" \"",
"I saw it take off.\" \"",
"I saw out my window.\" \" ",
"I saw the ground, and...\" \" Carter.\" \"",
"The cabin, it starts to shake, right?\" \"",
"And the left side blows up.\" \"",
"And then the whole plane just explodes.\" \"",
"And it was so real.\" \"",
"Just like how everything happens, you know?\" \"",
"You been on planes that blew up?\" \"",
"You must have fallen asleep.\" \"",
"Whoa, we get thrown off the plane.\" \"",
"We blow, what, a half a day in Paris all because Browning has a bad fucking dream?\" \"",
"But wait, \"The plane, it's gonna blow up, it's gonna blow up. \"\" \" ",
"Hey, hey, fuck you, Horton.\" \" ",
"Tod.\" \"",
"The only trip you're taking is to the fucking hospital.\" \"",
"Get off him.\" \"",
"Hey, hey.\" \"",
"Alex, stop it.\" \"",
"Come on, now.\" \"",
"There they go, here we stay.\" \" ",
"You're paying for my trip.\" \" ",
"I wish you were on that plane.\" \" ",
"You fucking prick.\" \"",
"Oh, shit!\" \"",
"Call it in.\" \"",
"Security...\" \"You're looking at me as if I caused this.\" \"",
"I didn't cause this.\" \"",
"Are there any survivors?\" \"",
"How should I know?\" \" ",
"What, you think I'm some sort of...?\" \"",
"He's not a witch.\" \"",
"Hello, I'm Howard Seigel, National Transportation Safety Board.\" \"",
"We've contacted all your families.\" \"",
"They are on the way.\" \"",
"Is there anyone here who feels they might need a little medical attention or spiritual counseling at this time?\" \"",
"What's going on?\" \"",
"Are there any survivors?\" \"",
"Well, the cause for the explosion is still undetermined.\" \"",
"The Nassau County authorities are on the scene.\" \"",
"Naval Search and Rescue en route.\" \"",
"We...\" \"Excuse me.\" \"",
"I'm Agent Weine.\" \"",
"This is Agent Schreck.\" \"",
"We're with the FBI.\" \"",
"I understand how you all must be feeling right now.\" \"",
"I know it's gonna be difficult.\" \"",
"We're gonna ask you questions regarding today's events while they're still fresh in your mind.\" \"",
"This will prove invaluable to our rescue attempts and any criminal investigation.\" \"",
"You said, \"Listen to me.\" \"",
"This plane will explode on takeoff. \"\" \"",
"How did you know that?\" \"",
"I got this feeling.\" \"",
"This weird feeling.\" \"",
"Did you take any sedatives before boarding the plane?\" \"",
"Did you take any sleeping pills, any narcotics, hallucinogens?\" \" ",
"Alex, do you take any drugs?\" \" ",
"No.\" \"",
"I saw it.\" \"",
"I saw it happen.\" \"",
"I saw the plane explode.\" \"",
"Did the feelings have anything to do with your saying that you wished that Carter Horton was on the plane just before it exploded?\" \" ",
"No.\" \" ",
"Then why'd you say it?\" \"",
"Because I really didn't think it was gonna happen.\" \"",
"If that's the case, Alex, then why did you really get off the plane?\" \"",
"My brother, George, he told me to go and keep an eye on Alex.\" \"",
"And so he stayed, and...\" \"He told me to get off the plane.\" \"",
"Larry Murnau said I should get back on, but I told him that he should go.\" \"",
"I sent him back on the plane.\" \"",
"All right.\" \"",
"Nobody forced you off the plane.\" \"",
"You said you weren't friends with those that were.\" \"",
"So, Clear, why did you get off the plane?\" \"",
"Because I saw and I heard Alex.\" \"",
"And I believed him.\" \"",
"Honey.\" \"",
"Oh, God.\" \"",
"There he is.\" \"",
"Over here.\" \"",
"Thank you for the ride.\" \"",
"You're looking at the first piece of debris to wash ashore from Volée Air Flight 180 which erupted shortly after a 9:25 p. m.\" \"Takeoff from John F. Kennedy Airport in New York.\" \"",
"There are no known survivors.\" \"",
"However, Coast Guard and Naval Search and Rescue efforts are continuing at this moment even as jet fuel burns on the ocean's surface.\" \"",
"Authorities are pessimistic about the possibility of finding anyone alive from the ill-fated flight.\" \"",
"All 287 passengers are feared dead.\" \"",
"Amongst the travelers, a class of 40 students and four teachers from Mount Abraham High School in southeast New York en route to Paris on a field trip.\" \"",
"There are reports that several students were removed from the aircraft moments before departure.\" \"",
"However, investigators remain guarded about the specifics of this incident.\" \"",
"Authorities from the National Transportation and Safety Board and the Federal Bureau of Investigation have arrived at JFK to begin the initial investigation.\" \"",
"Eyewitnesses at the airport, as well as on Long Island report seeing the plane explode.\" \"",
"No other aircraft were visibly near Flight 180.\" \"",
"At JFK, air traffic controllers are corroborating these eyewitness accounts.\" \"",
"After the explosion, debris apparently rained into the Atlantic Ocean for several miles.\" \"",
"However, investigators are cautious about verifying these accounts believing they'll learn more from the found debris when daylight arrives.\" \"",
"Thirty-nine days have passed since we lost our 39 loved ones, friends and teachers.\" \"",
"As each day passes without a determining cause for the accident we ask ourselves, \"Why?\"\" \"",
"Ecclesiastes tells us:\" \"\"Man no more knows his own time than fish taken in the fatal net or birds trapped in the snare.\" \"",
"Like these, the children of men caught when the time falls suddenly upon them. \"\" \"",
"And so, before we can heal before we can escape the presence of death and time we must mourn and celebrate theirs with this memorial.\" \"",
"I hope you don't think because my name ain't up on this wall that I owe you anything.\" \"",
"I don't.\" \"",
"Because all I owe are these people.\" \"",
"To live my life to the fullest.\" \"",
"Why don't you stay off the J.D., then, huh, Carter?\" \"",
"Listen.\" \"",
"Don't you ever fucking tell me what to do, all right?\" \"",
"I control my life, not you.\" \"",
"Carter.\" \"",
"I'm never gonna die.\" \"",
"Hey, Alex.\" \" ",
"Hey.\" \" ",
"Hey.\" \"",
"I took my driver's test last week at the DMV.\" \"",
"Got a 70.\" \"",
"It's the lowest score you can get, but I passed.\" \"",
"When I was done with the test...\" \"You know the guy that drives with you?\" \" ",
"Right.\" \" ",
"Yeah, well, anyways.\" \"",
"He goes, \"Young man, you're gonna die at a very young age. \"\" \"",
"Yeah.\" \"",
"Yeah.\" \"",
"Is that true?\" \"",
"Not now, not here, not ever, Billy.\" \"",
"If I ask out Cynthia Paster, will she say no?\" \"",
"Fuck.\" \" ",
"Okay.\" \" ",
"Yeah.\" \"",
"Yeah.\" \" ",
"Miss Lewton...\" \" Don't talk to me.\" \"",
"You scare the hell out of me.\" \"",
"I'm gonna go up.\" \"",
"Hey.\" \"",
"Hey.\" \"",
"I don't want you to take this the wrong way.\" \"",
"But I miss you, you know?\" \"",
"Yeah.\" \"",
"Yeah, I miss you too.\" \"",
"But my father, you know, he doesn't understand.\" \"",
"Yeah.\" \"",
"Hey, look, when he gets over this thing you and me, little road trip to the city, you know?\" \"",
"Catch the Yanks.\" \"",
"Yeah.\" \"",
"Yeah, all right, we'll do that.\" \"",
"Cool.\" \" ",
"Look, I'd better go.\" \" ",
"Yeah.\" \"",
"This thing Miss Lewton showed me in class, they're gonna let me read it.\" \"",
"It says what I'm feeling.\" \"",
"Take care, man.\" \"",
"Because of you, I'm still alive.\" \"",
"Thank you.\" \"\"",
"We say that the hour of death cannot be forecast.\" \"",
"But when we say this, we imagine that the hour is placed in an obscure and distant future.\" \"",
"It never occurs to us that it has any connection with the day already begun.\" \"",
"Or that death could arrive this same afternoon.\" \"",
"This afternoon, which is so certain and which has every hour filled in advance. \"\" \"",
"What happened?\" \"",
"Where's Tod?\" \"",
"Alex.\" \"",
"Get out of here.\" \" ",
"Didn't you see it?\" \" ",
"What happened?\" \"",
"You caused Tod so much guilt over George staying on the plane, he took his own life.\" \" ",
"No.\" \"",
"Time to go.\" \"",
"Look, he wouldn't do that.\" \"",
"Okay?\" \"",
"He said to me we'd be friends again after you got better.\" \"",
"Why would he make plans with me if he was thinking about killing himself?\" \"",
"Mr. Waggner.\" \" ",
"Mr. Waggner.\" \"",
"Here we go.\" \"",
"Easy.\" \"",
"All right.\" \"",
"Here we go.\" \"",
"Let's go.\" \"",
"Almost autumn.\" \"",
"It's only the end of June.\" \"",
"Yeah, but everything's always in transition.\" \"",
"If you focus, one week into summer you can feel almost feel autumn coming.\" \"",
"Kind of like being able to see the future.\" \"",
"Why were you at Tod's house last night?\" \"",
"I've seen enough TV to know that the FBI doesn't investigate teen suicides.\" \"",
"They were there last night.\" \"",
"They don't have a clue what caused the crash.\" \"",
"They haven't ruled out anything.\" \"",
"The fact that seven people got off the plane is probably weird enough.\" \"",
"Not to mention that one of those people had a vision, or whatever of the plane exploding minutes before it did explode, is highly suspicious.\" \"",
"And it doesn't help that the visionary's friend just committed suicide.\" \"",
"Why were you there last night?\" \"",
"Do you know what this is?\" \"",
"This is a...\" \"Who's the spring-head guy?\" \"",
"It's you.\" \"",
"Not a likeness.\" \"",
"It's how you make me feel, Alex.\" \"",
"I'm sorry.\" \"",
"You know, like you, the sculpture doesn't even know what, or why, it is.\" \"",
"It's reluctant to take form.\" \"",
"And yet, creating an absolute but incomprehensible attraction.\" \"",
"In four years of high school, we haven't said one word to each other.\" \"",
"At that moment on the plane, I felt what you felt.\" \"",
"I didn't know where those emotions were from until you started freaking out.\" \"",
"I didn't see what you saw, but I felt it.\" \"",
"You can still feel it, can't you?\" \"",
"Something from that day is still with you.\" \"",
"I know because I can still feel you.\" \"",
"That's why I was there last night.\" \"",
"You know, I've never dealt with death before.\" \"",
"This could all be in our head.\" \"",
"It just feels like it's all around us.\" \"",
"It?\" \"",
"What if Tod was just the first?\" \"",
"Of us?\" \"",
"Is that something that you're feeling?\" \"",
"I don't know, you know.\" \"",
"I just wish I could see him again.\" \"",
"One last time.\" \"",
"So maybe I would know.\" \"",
"Then let's go see him.\" \"",
"Easy.\" \"",
"Gives me a rush.\" \"",
"This place?\" \"",
"Doing something I'm not supposed to.\" \"",
"Come on.\" \"",
"Hurry up.\" \" ",
"Is that him?\" \" ",
"I think.\" \"",
"Why did they make him up like Michael Jackson?\" \"",
"Yeah, that's him.\" \"",
"But whatever it was that made him Tod is definitely gone.\" \"",
"Christ.\" \"",
"Shh.\" \"",
"Please.\" \"",
"You'll wake the dead.\" \"",
"Why did his hand do that?\" \"",
"Chemicals in the vascular flush create cadaveric spasms.\" \"",
"Look, um...\" \" I'm his friend and...\" \" I know who you are.\" \"",
"What are all those tiny marks?\" \"",
"Cuticle lacerations from pulling at the wire.\" \"",
"Pulling at the wire?\" \"",
"If he was pulling at the wire, he wasn't trying to kill himself.\" \" ",
"It was an accident.\" \" ",
"In death, there are no accidents.\" \"",
"No coincidences.\" \"",
"No mishaps.\" \"",
"And no escapes.\" \"",
"What you have to realize is that we're all just a mouse that a cat has by the tail.\" \"",
"Every single move we make, from the mundane to the monumental the red light that we stop at or run the people we have sex with, or won't with us the airplanes that we ride, or walk out of it's all part of death's sadistic design leading to the grave.\" \"",
"Design?\" \"",
"Does that mean if you figure out the design, you could cheat death?\" \"",
"Alex.\" \"",
"You've already done that by walking off the plane.\" \"",
"Your friend's departure shows that death has a new design for all of you.\" \"",
"Now, you have to figure out how and when it's coming back at you.\" \"",
"Play your hunch, Alex.\" \"",
"If you think you can get away with it.\" \"",
"But remember the risk of cheating the plan of disrespecting the design could incite a fury that could terrorize even the Grim Reaper.\" \"",
"And you don't even wanna fuck with that Mack Daddy.\" \"",
"Okay, then, well...\" \"Yeah, I'm sorry we broke in and...\" \"No harm.\" \"",
"No foul.\" \"",
"I'll see you soon.\" \"",
"The mortician said that death has a design.\" \"",
"Okay.\" \"",
"I'm talking about omens.\" \"",
"How do we know that just by sitting here, by sipping this coffee or breathing the air or crossing the intersection that we haven't started in motion the events that will lead to our death 40 years from now, 10 years from now, tomorrow?\" \"",
"We don't unless we open ourselves up to the signs it's willing to show us.\" \"",
"I don't understand.\" \"",
"Did you see Tod die?\" \"",
"Did it happen again, like on the plane?\" \"",
"No, no, it didn't, but I mean, it might as well have.\" \"",
"This is a message of something, Clear.\" \"",
"Or someone, hinting at a design.\" \"",
"Total bullshit.\" \"",
"I mean, you can find death omens anywhere you want to.\" \"",
"Coffee.\" \"",
"Starts with a C and ends with an E.\" \"So does the word choke.\" \"",
"So, what, we're gonna choke to death?\" \"",
"I wanna hear you.\" \"",
"We'll go nuts if you start with this shit.\" \"",
"The mortician said that death has a design, right?\" \"",
"Now, what if you, me, Tod, Carter, Terry, Billy, Miss Lewton messed up that design for whatever reason?\" \"",
"I saw death's plan, then we cheated it.\" \"",
"But what if it was our time?\" \"",
"What if we were not meant to get off that plane?\" \"",
"What if it still is our time?\" \"",
"If it is, then it's not finished.\" \"",
"And we will die now, not later.\" \"",
"Unless...\" \"Unless we find the patterns and cheat it again.\" \"",
"After hearing you, I do believe that Tod killed himself.\" \"",
"Yeah, I'm fine.\" \"",
"Whatever.\" \"",
"You all right, man?\" \" ",
"Hey, baby, come on, not now.\" \" ",
"Carter.\" \"",
"Oh.\" \"",
"It looks like we have a bit of a reunion here.\" \" ",
"Let it go.\" \" ",
"When are you moving?\" \"",
"A couple weeks.\" \" ",
"That's too bad.\" \"",
"You dick.\" \" ",
"We're losing our favorite teacher.\" \"",
"Baby, come on.\" \"",
"Look, guys.\" \"",
"There's something I need to tell you, okay?\" \" ",
"Alex.\" \" ",
"And you lived here your whole life?\" \"",
"Yeah.\" \"",
"And now she's gotta move all because of Browning.\" \"",
"Enough, both of you.\" \"",
"They died and we lived.\" \"",
"Get over it.\" \"",
"I will not let this plane crash be the most important thing in my life.\" \"",
"I'm moving on, Carter.\" \"",
"And if you wanna waste your life beating the shit out of Alex every time you see him then you can just drop fucking dead.\" \"",
"Okay.\" \"",
"You look like a smart shopper.\" \"",
"Well, thank you.\" \"",
"Let's just say you were to see this knife set in a department store.\" \"",
"What do you think you'd have to pay?\" \"",
"Wow, that's a huge knife set, but how many...?\" \"",
"Hello?\" \" ",
"Is Alex there?\" \"",
"Oh, hi, Clear.\" \"",
"Yeah, just a minute.\" \"",
"It's Clear again.\" \"",
"You wanna talk to her?\" \"",
"The economy kept trading volume below average today, and stocks...\" \"Clear, he's in the shower.\" \" ",
"Can I get him to call you back?\" \" ",
"Sure, bye.\" \"",
"She's concerned about you.\" \"",
"I'm concerned about you.\" \"",
"Why won't you talk to her?\" \"",
"Or me?\" \" ",
"Which could put a cloud over both stocks and bonds.\" \"",
"Dad, you and Mom have both been a big help.\" \"",
"But there's something I need to understand before I can talk to anyone.\" \" ",
"The Dow down 75.\" \"",
"The National Transportation Safety Board has a new theory tonight on the possible cause of the explosion of Volée Air Flight 180.\" \"",
"Officials believe deterioration of silicon insulation on an electrical connector to the scavenger pump may have leaked combustible fluids.\" \" ",
"A spark in the fuel switch...\" \" That's Tod's seat.\" \"...",
"in the fuselage may have ignited the fuel line and proceeded to the fuel pump which would have set off the catastrophic explosion.\" \"",
"The path of the explosion.\" \"",
"Okay, the first was Tod.\" \"",
"Then it was Terry.\" \"",
"They're dying in the order they would have died.\" \"",
"That's death's design.\" \"",
"Miss Lewton's next.\" \"",
"And whenever I can fall asleep, I just...\" \"I see Terry Chaney.\" \"",
"And in the day, out of nowhere I hear the sound of my own voice in my head saying to Larry Murnau:\" \"\"No, you know the whole French thing.\" \"",
"Get on the plane. \"\" \"",
"Everything reminds me of that day.\" \"",
"Right, yeah.\" \"",
"I'm hoping a change will help.\" \"",
"It's just that I've lived here my whole life, you know?\" \"",
"And everywhere I looked were great memories.\" \"",
"And now all I see is Larry and those kids, you know?\" \"",
"Just looking out my own front yard makes me feel nothing but fear.\" \"",
"Laura, I'm gonna have to call you back.\" \"",
"Right.\" \"",
"Hi, this is Valerie Lewton.\" \"",
"I need Agent Schreck.\" \"",
"What are you doing here?\" \"",
"I was just...\" \"I was checking the air in the tire to make sure it's safe.\" \"",
"Get in the car.\" \"",
"Put on your seat belt.\" \"",
"I believe that Miss Lewton is next.\" \" ",
"Next?\" \" ",
"Yes.\" \"",
"Yeah, next, because there's this pattern that's occurring.\" \"",
"Oh, right, a pattern, yeah.\" \"",
"You noticed that too, huh?\" \"",
"Mom's favorite.\" \"",
"So, what about this pattern, Alex?\" \"",
"Did you see it in another one of your visions?\" \"",
"Did you catch it in some TV static?\" \"",
"You know, I never asked for what happened on the plane.\" \"",
"You guys are gonna sit on your little chairs and make fun of me.\" \"",
"Whatever, it's fine.\" \"",
"But I saved six lives on that plane.\" \"",
"Six lives, and everybody in my entire school thinks I'm a freak.\" \"",
"And I'm not...\" \"I'm not suffering from posttraumatic stress.\" \"",
"I don't have a narcissistic deity complex.\" \"",
"I'm not going Dahmer on you guys.\" \"",
"This just is.\" \"",
"There is a pattern for us all.\" \"",
"There's a pattern for you, there is a pattern for you.\" \"",
"There's a design for everyone.\" \"",
"I don't know how yet.\" \"",
"But I'm gonna break this one.\" \"",
"Alex, you came to our attention at first because you were under suspicion in this plane explosion.\" \"",
"Now, I know you didn't blow up the plane.\" \"",
"And we were ready to move on, but then the other survivors started to die.\" \"",
"First, your friend Tod.\" \"",
"Then Terry Chaney, while you were there at the scene.\" \"",
"And now tonight we pick you up at Val Lewton's house.\" \"",
"Alex, nobody has control over life and death.\" \"",
"Unless they are taking lives and causing death.\" \"",
"Now, can you promise me that no one else is going to die?\" \"",
"No, I can't.\" \"",
"As long as I'm in here, it's out of my control, I'm sorry.\" \"",
"Okay, go ahead.\" \"",
"Get out of here.\" \"",
"Thank you.\" \"",
"That kid gives me the creeps.\" \"",
"What are we gonna do?\" \"",
"We got nothing to hold him.\" \"",
"That's not what I'm talking about.\" \"",
"There were a couple of moments there where I almost believed him.\" \"",
"Can I tell you something?\" \"",
"Don't take this the wrong way.\" \"",
"But sometimes, you give me the creeps.\" \"",
"You've gotta stop this.\" \"",
"Stop this, it's a stupid mug.\" \"",
"You're out of here.\" \"",
"Pretty soon, you'll be gone.\" \"",
"You'll be gone.\" \"",
"Miss Lewton.\" \"",
"Miss Lewton.\" \"",
"Okay, all right, okay.\" \"",
"Just stay still, okay?\" \"",
"Oh, God.\" \"",
"Oh, God.\" \"",
"Miss Lewton.\" \"",
"Hey, Alex.\" \"",
"Dude.\" \"",
"I don't know where he is.\" \" ",
"He's not talking to me.\" \" ",
"Why?\" \"",
"Because I didn't believe him.\" \"",
"If he does contact you I think it would be in the best interest of your safety if you called us.\" \"",
"Now, here's my card.\" \"",
"Toll-free number.\" \"",
"Interesting work.\" \"",
"Carter, you dick.\" \"",
"What are you doing?\" \"",
"Terry's name should be on this wall.\" \"",
"Shit.\" \"",
"Why'd you want us to meet you here anyway, huh?\" \"",
"Because they're watching me, see if I go to Alex.\" \"",
"That's why you're taking me.\" \"",
"Why would I wanna see him?\" \"",
"Because he knows which one of us is next.\" \"",
"So drive the speed limit, okay?\" \"",
"Oh, and don't pass on the right.\" \"",
"Billy, wait a minute here.\" \"",
"I'm getting a vision.\" \"",
"You're the next one, man.\" \"",
"Hey, man, why'd you say that?\" \"",
"Because if you say another word, I'm gonna fucking kill you.\" \"",
"He could be anywhere from here to a mile down.\" \"",
"So you guys drive down there, we'll meet around the middle.\" \"",
"It'll take half the time.\" \"",
"Do you think they're still up there?\" \"",
"Somehow, Flight 180, are they still in flight?\" \"",
"Somewhere, are they safe?\" \"",
"When I was a kid, like 6 or 7 I used to worry so much about my parents dying.\" \"",
"Lying awake at night just worrying.\" \"",
"Yeah, well, most kids do, I guess.\" \"",
"Most kids never have it happen.\" \"",
"When I was 10, my dad went into a 7-Eleven for cigarettes.\" \"",
"I guess that he heard someone say, \"Don't turn around. \"\" \"",
"So on reflex, or thinking it was a friend joking, he did.\" \"",
"And the guy blew his head off.\" \"",
"Life became shit after that.\" \"",
"My mom just couldn't deal anymore.\" \"",
"She married this asshole who my mom with my real dad would have crossed the street to avoid this guy.\" \"",
"He really didn't want a kid.\" \"",
"So my mom didn't either anymore.\" \"",
"If that was the design for my father and my family then fuck death.\" \"",
"God, I have thought a lot about that somewhere, Alex.\" \"",
"It exists, that place.\" \"",
"Where my dad is still safe.\" \"",
"Where he had a full pack of cigarettes that night and just kept driving.\" \"",
"Where me and my mom and my dad are still together and have no idea about this life here.\" \"",
"Where our friends are still in the sky.\" \"",
"Where everyone gets a second chance.\" \"",
"Alex, we can't give up.\" \"",
"Look, I can't go home.\" \"",
"All right?\" \"",
"After Miss Lewton, they're gonna be looking for me.\" \"",
"No, we're taking you to my dad's cabin.\" \"",
"It's only a couple miles from my house.\" \"",
"All right, Browning, you fucking warlock.\" \" ",
"Did you know about Miss Lewton, or what?\" \" ",
"Why do you think I was hiding?\" \"",
"Billy told the FBI he saw you running from her house.\" \"",
"I was running because they blame me.\" \"",
"They blame me for Tod, they blame me for her, for the plane crash.\" \"",
"The fire, like, caramelized her blood, Alex.\" \"",
"Your shoe prints were in it.\" \" ",
"Your fingerprints were on the knives.\" \" ",
"I told you they were not...\" \"I'm not talking about whether or not you did it.\" \"",
"Or even if you knew she was dead.\" \"",
"Did you know she was gonna be next before she was?\" \"",
"Yeah, I did.\" \" ",
"I knew.\" \" ",
"All right.\" \"",
"Out of us, who's next to see it?\" \"",
"Please, tell me I'm gonna get to see the Jets win a Super Bowl.\" \"",
"It's me, right?\" \"",
"That's why you're not saying.\" \"",
"I knew I should have felt up Tammy in the pool that time.\" \" ",
"What are you whining about?\" \"",
"I'm next.\" \" ",
"He didn't say anything.\" \"",
"Just drive.\" \"",
"You have a responsibility to tell me.\" \"",
"Do you think it's gonna make it easier to know, Carter?\" \"",
"Huh?\" \"",
"It's not, it's gonna make it fucking harder.\" \"",
"You know, you get off having control over me.\" \" ",
"You let me decide how to deal with it.\" \" ",
"It doesn't matter who's next.\" \"",
"Because we're all on the same list.\" \"",
"All of us.\" \"",
"Oh, fuck.\" \"",
"Really?\" \"",
"All right, then why bother?\" \"",
"What's the fucking point, right?\" \"",
"Me and Terry, we'll be back together on the other side, so why wait any longer?\" \"",
"Carter, what are you doing?\" \"",
"Carter, slow down.\" \" ",
"Slow down, Carter!\" \" ",
"Fuck you.\" \" ",
"Knock it off.\" \" ",
"May as well go out on my own free will.\" \"",
"Not with us in the fucking car.\" \" ",
"Jesus, Carter, no.\" \" ",
"Stop it.\" \"",
"Carter, stop the car.\" \"",
"Hey, what's the worry if it ain't your time?\" \"",
"I could get nailed and you all wouldn't give a shit, right?\" \" ",
"It's only me.\" \" ",
"It doesn't work that way, Carter.\" \"",
"And I fucking hated French class.\" \"",
"Control yourself.\" \" ",
"That's what I'm doing.\" \"",
"I know what you're doing.\" \"",
"And it's all right to be scared.\" \"",
"I'm not afraid, all right?\" \"",
"I decide when it's time.\" \"",
"I control my life, I control my death.\" \"",
"You don't have to prove to us how big your balls are.\" \"",
"Not now.\" \" ",
"Carter, stop driving like such an asshole.\" \" ",
"What are you doing?\" \"",
"Fuck it, Carter, Jesus Christ.\" \"",
"Carter, put your hands back on the wheel.\" \"",
"Carter, stop.\" \"",
"Hands on the wheel, Carter.\" \"",
"Oh, shit.\" \"",
"Okay, Carter, easy.\" \"",
"I am so close to puking right now, you don't even wanna know.\" \"",
"We're afraid too, Carter, but we're not going to quit.\" \"",
"Stop what you're doing and stop this fucking car.\" \"",
"Damn it, Carter.\" \"",
"I want you to stop this car right now.\" \" ",
"Billy.\" \" ",
"Move it.\" \" ",
"Hey, open the door, Billy.\" \" ",
"Move the fucking car!\" \" ",
"Hey, open the fucking door.\" \"",
"Move the car.\" \"",
"Open it.\" \"",
"Open the door.\" \"",
"Easy, easy, open the door.\" \"",
"Open the door.\" \"",
"Billy, open the fucking door!\" \"",
"Billy, open it!\" \"",
"Open the door!\" \"",
"Open the door!\" \"",
"Carter, listen to me.\" \"",
"Don't do this.\" \"",
"Goddamn it!\" \"",
"Get out of the fucking car.\" \"",
"Carter, listen to me.\" \"",
"Hey, listen to me.\" \"",
"This isn't the way.\" \"",
"It's not the way.\" \"",
"Get out of the car.\" \" ",
"Come on!\" \" ",
"It's coming, it's coming!\" \" ",
"Carter.\" \" ",
"It ain't my time.\" \"",
"Oh, shit.\" \"",
"Carter, listen to me.\" \"",
"This isn't the way.\" \"",
"Get out of the car, Carter.\" \"",
"Carter, get out of the car.\" \"",
"Come on, get out!\" \"",
"I can't get out!\" \"",
"Alex!\" \"",
"No!\" \"",
"Man, he really is next.\" \" ",
"Get out!\" \" ",
"Get out!\" \" ",
"Come on!\" \" ",
"Fuck!\" \"",
"Oh, God.\" \"",
"I saw it.\" \"",
"I saw the belt.\" \" ",
"Scared now?\" \" ",
"It broke.\" \"",
"Bullshit.\" \"",
"He saved your life again.\" \"",
"That's right.\" \"",
"You're next, Carter.\" \"",
"I'm staying the fuck away from you.\" \" ",
"Shut up.\" \" ",
"We don't need this shit right now.\" \"",
"I don't need it ever.\" \"",
"What are you doing?\" \"",
"Get away from him, he's next.\" \"",
"Hey, fuck you, Billy.\" \"",
"I'm not dead.\" \"",
"Oh, you will be.\" \"",
"You're dead, you're dead.\" \"",
"And you ain't taking me with you!\" \"",
"Oh, shit.\" \"",
"Oh, shit.\" \"",
"Jesus fucking Christ!\" \"",
"You should've been next.\" \"",
"You should've been next after Lewton.\" \"",
"That's the plan.\" \"",
"That's the design.\" \" ",
"You should be dead.\" \" ",
"You're the fucking devil.\" \"",
"I saw the seat belt.\" \"",
"I knew it would rip.\" \"",
"That's how I saved him.\" \"",
"Just like the plane.\" \"",
"Just like the explosion, I saw it.\" \" ",
"The police are coming.\" \" ",
"Fuck, I saved him.\" \"",
"Because I saved him it skipped Carter, went to the next in the path of the explosion, Billy.\" \"",
"I have to see it.\" \"",
"And if I see it, then I intervene.\" \"",
"And if I intervene, I cheat the design.\" \"",
"What, intervene?\" \"",
"What are you, God now?\" \"",
"Gods aren't afraid to die.\" \"",
"Gods don't die.\" \"",
"We do.\" \" ",
"You know?\" \" ",
"Baby, you're losing it, okay?\" \"",
"The police will be here.\" \"",
"We have to get you to my cabin.\" \"",
"You can hide, and get your head together.\" \"",
"Okay, after Billy, I'm next.\" \"",
"I'm next.\" \" ",
"And then me.\" \" ",
"Hey, hey, hey, listen.\" \"",
"I'm not gonna let it happen, okay?\" \" ",
"Listen to me, all right?\" \" ",
"Hey, hey, hey.\" \"",
"Why don't you two just get the fuck out of here?\" \"",
"Rusted.\" \"",
"Tetanus.\" \"",
"Nice one.\" \"",
"I overlooked it.\" \"",
"You tried to capitalize.\" \"",
"But I caught you, you fuck.\" \"",
"I can beat you.\" \"",
"Yeah, I mean, not forever, but I got this cabin rigged to beat you now!\" \" ",
"She was there a minute ago.\" \" ",
"What are you talking about?\" \"",
"I'm not turning him in.\" \"",
"It's too dangerous for him out there alone.\" \" ",
"I go with you.\" \" ",
"You can't.\" \"",
"Clear, you just tell us where he is.\" \"",
"Wait at home, I give you my word that we will bring him in safely in protective custody.\" \"",
"I never moved.\" \"",
"Christa asked me to change seats but I never moved.\" \"",
"I would've been up next to Tod.\" \"",
"Fuck, why didn't I remember that?\" \"",
"I never moved.\" \"",
"Clear's seat was in front of mine.\" \"",
"She's next.\" \"",
"Alex!\" \"",
"Alex!\" \"",
"Come on, get in the car.\" \"",
"We're going around.\" \"",
"Get in the car.\" \"",
"Come on!\" \" ",
"Go!\" \"",
"Move!\" \"",
"Oh, shit.\" \"",
"There!\" \"",
"Come on, let's go, over here.\" \"",
"Alex!\" \"",
"Alex, we're trying to help you.\" \"",
"Fritz, get away from it.\" \"",
"Come on.\" \"",
"Alex!\" \"",
"Run!\" \"",
"We lost him.\" \"",
"From the direction, there's only one place he's heading.\" \"",
"No shit.\" \"",
"Clear!\" \"",
"No.\" \"",
"Oh, my God.\" \"",
"Don't move.\" \"",
"Stay there.\" \"",
"Don't move, don't move.\" \"",
"Don't touch anything.\" \"",
"You're grounded by the tires, okay?\" \"",
"The car's gonna explode.\" \"",
"I can only hold on for so long, you know what to do.\" \"",
"Don't!\" \"",
"When I do this, it'll skip you, and it'll be over.\" \" ",
"It's the only way we can cheat death again.\" \" ",
"No, don't!\" \"",
"Clear, I am not gonna let it beat us both.\" \"",
"You know what to do.\" \"",
"I'll always be with you.\" \"",
"No!\" \"",
"Alex!\" \"",
"Alex, get away from there.\" \"",
"No!\" \"",
"Alex.\" \"",
"Alex.\" \"",
"Damn it, you can't do this to me.\" \"",
"Come on, baby.\" \"",
"Come on.\" \"",
"Alex, Alex?\" \"",
"Alex, Alex?\" \"",
"Oh, shit, he's not breathing.\" \"",
"Hold on, Alex.\" \"",
"Come on, stay with me.\" \" ",
"Well, we made it.\" \" ",
"Paris, I can't believe it.\" \"",
"I just can't believe we got on a plane again.\" \"",
"You know what I'm saying?\" \"",
"Wow.\" \"",
"It's weird being here, huh?\" \"",
"We finally completed a puzzle.\" \"",
"It's just there's something missing, you know?\" \" ",
"To Terry.\" \" ",
"Yeah.\" \" ",
"To Tod.\" \" ",
"To all of our friends that can't be here.\" \" ",
"Cheers.\" \" ",
"Cheers.\" \"",
"What?\" \"",
"If you would have told me six months ago that the three of us would be sitting here having a drink...\" \" Yeah.\" \"",
"I don't know.\" \"",
"I mean, sometimes it just feels like the two of you are the only ones who can really understand.\" \"",
"You were right, Browning.\" \"",
"It did skip us.\" \"",
"There was a design.\" \"",
"We beat it.\" \"",
"You know, we won.\" \"",
"I think the only thing we won, Carter, is a chance at a full life.\" \"",
"A chance that I won't ever waste.\" \"",
"Yeah, there's just something...\" \"You know, something I can't figure out.\" \" ",
"What?\" \" ",
"About the design.\" \"",
"Alex, just let it go.\" \"",
"All right?\" \"",
"I swear...\" \"Just hear me out, all right?\" \" ",
"Oh, my God.\" \" ",
"It's just...\" \"Listen.\" \"",
"Now, the path of the explosion determined the order of our deaths, right?\" \"",
"When I intervened and saved Carter it skipped him and went to the next person in the path.\" \"",
"It went to Billy.\" \"",
"All right, and then it was Clear.\" \"",
"But I intervened and saved her, so it went to me, but in my case no one intervened, right?\" \"",
"I was thrown from that power line by the explosion.\" \" ",
"So...\" \" So why did it skip you, right?\" \"",
"How do we know that this isn't exactly what was meant to happen?\" \"",
"That out of everyone on Flight 180, you, me and Carter were meant to live.\" \"",
"Maybe that was the design all along.\" \" ",
"Or you could still be next.\" \" ",
"Shut up, Carter.\" \"",
"What?\" \"",
"I didn't make up the rules.\" \"",
"Somebody's gotta intervene before death can skip them.\" \"",
"Alex proved that three times.\" \"",
"In the plane, with me, you.\" \"",
"For all I know, it could circle back and get us all again.\" \"",
"But I am the safest fucker in the world because you're still next.\" \"",
"Can we just stop talking about this?\" \"",
"Let's figure out what we're gonna do tomorrow.\" \"",
"I'm gonna meet you back at the hotel.\" \" ",
"Just wait, I'll go with you.\" \" ",
"No, just stay here.\" \"",
"Okay, Clear?\" \"",
"Just stay here.\" \"",
"All right?\" \"",
"See, it's true.\" \"",
"I told you you were next, man.\" \"",
"Stop it, Carter.\" \"",
"Alex, wait.\" \" ",
"No, Clear, stay there.\" \"",
"Okay?\" \"",
"Stay away.\" \"",
"Alex!\" \"",
"Alex!\" \"",
"I told you, you were next.\" \" ",
"Then it just skipped me.\" \" ",
"So who's next?\" \"",
"WOMAN:\" \"Alex.\" \"",
"Tod and George's dad just called.\" \"",
"He's picking you up at 3:30 tomorrow.\" \"",
"And the bus leaves the high school for the airport around 5.\" \"",
"How's my suitcase working out for you?\" \"",
"Whoa, Mom, Mom, Mom, you gotta leave that on.\" \"",
"Yeah, it's like the tag made the last flight without the plane crashing or anything.\" \"",
"So I figure it's gotta be on the bag, or at least, with the bag.\" \"",
"For luck.\" \"",
"Where would you get a nutball idea like that?\" \"",
"I'm still here.\" \"[",
"CHUCKLES]\" \"So 17, on the loose.\" \"",
"Senior trip with your friends in Paris.\" \"",
"Ten days in the springtime.\" \"",
"Live it up, Alex.\" \"",
"You got your whole life ahead of you.\" \"",
"WOMAN:\" \"Alex.\" \"",
"Alex.\" \"",
"WOMAN 1 [ON RECORDING]:\" \"The white zone is for immediate loading and unloading of passengers only.\" \"",
"No parking.\" \"",
"WOMAN 2:\" \"Yeah, I've been sitting here for over an hour.\" \"",
"Where are you?\" \" ",
"Hey, Hitchcock.\" \"",
"MAN:\" \"What?\" \"",
"Let me give you a hand with this, man.\" \"",
"There you go.\" \"",
"Carter, you dick.\" \" ",
"Schmuck.\" \" ",
"Good one.\" \" ",
"You left this on the bus.\" \" ",
"Oh, thanks.\" \"",
"Come on, let's get your stuff together.\" \"",
"Hey, Christa.\" \"",
"Hi, Blake.\" \" ",
"What are you doing?\" \" ",
"He's the man.\" \"",
"The man.\" \"",
"All right, you guys got everything?\" \"",
"Yeah, yeah.\" \"",
"Dad, we're all set.\" \"[",
"SPEAKING IN FRENCH]\" \"Does that mean go?\" \"",
"Don't know.\" \"",
"Look, this is for both of you, all right?\" \"",
"Have a great time.\" \" ",
"Thanks, Dad.\" \" ",
"Yeah.\" \" ",
"Both of us.\" \"",
"MAN:\" \"Let's go.\" \"",
"JERRY:\" \"Alex.\" \" ",
"Yes?\" \" ",
"You take care of them.\" \" ",
"I will.\" \"",
"You know, I didn't think anything could look worse than my yearbook photo.\" \"",
"How do you think I feel having to look at you all the time?\" \"[",
"WOMAN SPEAKING IN FRENCH OVER SPEAKERS]\" \"[SPEAKING IN FRENCH]\" \" What the fuck does he want?\" \" ",
"Shh.\" \"\"",
"The airport does not endorse solicitors.\"\" \"[",
"MURNAU SPEAKS IN FRENCH]\" \"Death is not the end.\" \"",
"It will be for you if you harass my students.\" \" ",
"Hare Rama.\" \" [",
"MOUTHS] Fuck off.\" \"",
"I have to ask you a few questions this evening.\" \"",
"Did you pack your bags yourself?\" \"",
"Have your belongings remained in your possession the entire time?\" \"",
"Mr. Browning?\" \"",
"Oh, yeah.\" \"",
"Have you received any packages from persons unknown to you?\" \" ",
"Same as your birthday.\" \" ",
"What?\" \"",
"September 25, 9:25.\" \"",
"Your birthday's the same as your departure time.\" \"",
"MAN 1:\" \"Because I looked at him.\" \"",
"MAN 2:\" \"Are you sure?\" \"",
"WOMAN 1:\" \"Lisa, wait up.\" \"",
"No, it's okay.\" \"",
"Fuck, that was good.\" \"",
"Dick.\" \" ",
"Hey.\" \"",
"TOD:\" \"Hey, George, Dad said both.\" \"",
"Both of us, all right, man?\" \"",
"Just give me some cash.\" \"",
"Hey, hey, knock it off.\" \"",
"WOMAN 2:\" \"Excuse me.\" \"",
"MAN 3:\" \"Catch.\" \"",
"You asshole.\" \" ",
"Thanks.\" \"",
"ALEX:\" \"You're welcome.\" \"",
"Alex, let's go take a shit.\" \" ",
"Why don't you go by yourself?\" \" ",
"No, dude.\" \"",
"Listen, okay?\" \"",
"Listen, take some knowledge.\" \"",
"We're about to board a seven-hour flight.\" \"",
"The toilets in coach are barely ventilated closets, all right, if that.\" \"",
"Now, let's say halfway through the flight, your body wants that food out.\" \"",
"You gotta go torque a wicked cable.\" \"",
"And then right after you, like, directly after you walks in Christa or Blake.\" \"",
"You want them to associate you with that watery sting in their eye?\" \"",
"That reflexive gag at the back of their throat?\" \"[",
"JOHN DENVER'S \"ROCKY MOUNTAIN HIGH\" PLAYS OVER SPEAKERS]\" \"John Denver.\" \"",
"Died in a plane crash.\" \"",
"WOMAN [OVER SPEAKERS]:\" \"Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for your patience.\" \"",
"At this time, we would like to begin preboarding of Volée Air Flight 180 to Paris through Gate 46.\" \"[",
"JOHN DENVER'S \"ROCKY MOUNTAIN HIGH\" RESUMES PLAYING OVER SPEAKERS]\" \"Anyone seen Billy Hitchcock?\" \"",
"How did we lose him?\" \"[",
"SPEAKING IN FRENCH]\" \"Go.\" \"",
"Go.\" \"",
"Go.\" \"",
"Ow.\" \"",
"Ow.\" \"",
"That hurt.\" \"[",
"BABY CRYING]\" \"WOMAN:\" \"Oh, my little baby.\" \"",
"That's a good sign.\" \"",
"The younger, the better.\" \"",
"It'd be a fucked-up God to take down this plane.\" \"",
"Hi.\" \"",
"A really fucked-up God.\" \"",
"Yeah.\" \"",
"TOD:\" \"Hi.\" \" ",
"Hey, Tod.\" \"",
"Hello.\" \"",
"How you doing?\" \"",
"I'm gonna sit here.\" \"[",
"AIR HISSING]\" \" Can you switch seats with Christa?\" \" ",
"Oh, God.\" \"",
"You know, I would, but I got a bladder thing.\" \"",
"It's a urinary tract infection.\" \"",
"Let's go ask Alex.\" \"",
"Alex, could you trade seats with Blake so she and I could sit together?\" \"",
"She asked Tod, but he said he had some sort of medical thing.\" \"",
"Please?\" \"",
"Yeah.\" \"",
"You're so sweet.\" \" ",
"Thanks, Alex.\" \" ",
"Thank you, Alex.\" \"",
"You're welcome, you're welcome, you're welcome.\" \"[",
"MOUTHS] Fag.\" \"",
"Did you really think we're gonna titty fuck them over Greenland?\" \"",
"You know, because of you, I gotta sit here and watch fucking Stuart Little.\" \"",
"Thank you.\" \"",
"Thanks, man.\" \"",
"That's great.\" \"",
"Sorry I'm late.\" \"",
"That's my seat right there.\" \"",
"TERRY:\" \"Hello?\" \" ",
"I'm going that way.\" \"",
"WOMAN 1 [OVER SPEAKERS]:\" \"May I have your attention?\" \"",
"To properly fasten your seat belts, slide the flat portion into the buckle.\" \" ",
"Equipped with six emergency exits:\" \"Two in front, two over the wing, two in the rear.\" \"",
"All exits are clearly marked.\" \"",
"Follow the red exit signs and public lighting in the aisle way.\" \"",
"MAN [OVER SPEAKERS]:\" \"Flight attendants, prepare for departure.\" \"[",
"SPEAKS IN FRENCH]\" \"WOMAN 2:\" \"All right.\" \" ",
"All right, all right.\" \"",
"Yeah.\" \"",
"Whatever.\" \"",
"Huh?\" \"[",
"MOUTHS] It's okay.\" \" ",
"I wanna go.\" \" ",
"It's fine.\" \"[",
"BOTH CHUCKLE]\" \"It's okay, honey, I...\" \"CARTER:\" \"What the...?\" \"[",
"BILLY YELLS]\" \"[YELLING]\" \"MAN:\" \"Oh, my God!\" \"",
"MURNAU:\" \"Everybody...\" \"[MURNAU SPEAKING IN FRENCH]\" \"No!\" \"",
"No!\" \"",
"Christa!\" \"",
"No!\" \"",
"Alex, could you trade seats with Blake so she and I could sit together?\" \"",
"She asked Tod, but he said he had some medical thing.\" \"",
"Please?\" \"[",
"PANTING]\" \"TOD:\" \"What's up, dude?\" \" ",
"Is there a problem, sir?\" \" ",
"What's your problem?\" \"",
"Alex, qu'est-ce que c'est?\" \" ",
"The fucking plane's gonna explode.\" \" ",
"Shut up, Browning.\" \" ",
"You're so not funny.\" \" ",
"If this is your joke...\" \"It's not a joke.\" \"",
"It's not a joke.\" \" ",
"Alex, take it easy.\" \" ",
"That's it, sit down, Browning.\" \" ",
"It's going down.\" \" ",
"We will remove you.\" \" ",
"I'll remove him.\" \"",
"ALEX:\" \"I'll remove myself.\" \" ",
"Excuse me.\" \"",
"TERRY:\" \"Get off him.\" \" ",
"That's my seat right there.\" \"",
"ALEX:\" \"This plane is going down.\" \"",
"FLIGHT ATTENDANT:\" \"Everybody in the aisle, off the plane.\" \"",
"ALEX:\" \"Get off the plane.\" \" ",
"Stay where you are.\" \" ",
"Just sit tight.\" \"",
"ALEX:\" \"The fucking plane is going down.\" \"",
"Go check him out.\" \"",
"See how he's doing.\" \"",
"Okay.\" \" ",
"I got my ticket here.\" \" ",
"Get off me.\" \"",
"Jerk.\" \" ",
"Hey.\" \" ",
"You got this?\" \"",
"No one gets back onboard.\" \" ",
"That's my call.\" \" ",
"Wait, please.\" \"",
"I've got 40 students going to Paris.\" \"",
"Please, please?\" \" ",
"Look, you must understand my position.\" \" ",
"I understand, and I apologize for Alex.\" \"",
"But one of us needs to be on that plane.\" \"",
"I cannot let students go to Paris for ten days...\" \"Carter, no.\" \" ",
"Sit the fuck down, Carter.\" \"",
"MAN:\" \"Sit down.\" \"",
"TOD:\" \"Sit.\" \"",
"CO-PILOT:\" \"One of you can go on the flight.\" \"",
"That's it.\" \"",
"Larry.\" \"",
"Airline's not taking this well.\" \"",
"They'll let one of us back on.\" \"",
"The rest can take an 11:10 flight.\" \"",
"It gets in three...\" \"I'll stay.\" \"",
"No, no, you know the whole French thing.\" \"",
"Get on the plane, it's fine.\" \"",
"Hi, Mr. Murnau.\" \"",
"See, I was in the bathroom.\" \"",
"And the lock, it was stuck, and...\" \"Oh, wait, I didn't fight with anyone.\" \"",
"Damn.\" \"",
"Thanks.\" \"",
"I just...\" \"I called your parents.\" \"",
"They're on their way.\" \"",
"We should be going.\" \"",
"Alex, talk to me.\" \"",
"Tell me what happened.\" \"",
"I saw it.\" \"",
"Like, I don't know.\" \"",
"I saw it.\" \"",
"I saw it on the runway.\" \"",
"I saw it take off.\" \"",
"I saw out my window.\" \" ",
"I saw the ground, and...\" \" Carter.\" \"",
"The cabin, it starts to shake, right?\" \"",
"And the left side blows up.\" \"",
"And then the whole plane just explodes.\" \"",
"And it was so real.\" \"",
"Just like how everything happens, you know?\" \"",
"You been on planes that blew up?\" \"",
"You must have fallen asleep.\" \"",
"Whoa, we get thrown off the plane.\" \"",
"We blow, what, a half a day in Paris all because Browning has a bad fucking dream?\" \"",
"But wait, \"The plane, it's gonna blow up, it's gonna blow up.\"\" \" ",
"Hey, hey, fuck you, Horton.\" \" ",
"Tod.\" \"",
"The only trip you're taking is to the fucking hospital.\" \"",
"TERRY:\" \"Get off him.\" \"",
"LEWTON:\" \"Hey, hey.\" \"",
"TERRY:\" \"Alex, stop it.\" \"",
"MAN 1:\" \"Come on, now.\" \"",
"There they go, here we stay.\" \" ",
"You're paying for my trip.\" \" ",
"I wish you were on that plane.\" \" ",
"You fucking prick.\" \"",
"BILLY:\" \"Oh, shit!\" \"[",
"PEOPLE SCREAM]\" \"MAN 2:\" \"Call it in.\" \"",
"WOMAN:\" \"Security...\" \"You're looking at me as if I caused this.\" \"",
"I didn't cause this.\" \"",
"Are there any survivors?\" \"",
"How should I know?\" \" ",
"What, you think I'm some sort of...?\" \"",
"CLEAR:\" \"He's not a witch.\" \"",
"Hello, I'm Howard Seigel, National Transportation Safety Board.\" \"",
"We've contacted all your families.\" \"",
"They are on the way.\" \"",
"Is there anyone here who feels they might need a little medical attention or spiritual counseling at this time?\" \"",
"LEWTON:\" \"What's going on?\" \"",
"Are there any survivors?\" \"",
"Well, the cause for the explosion is still undetermined.\" \"",
"The Nassau County authorities are on the scene.\" \"",
"Naval Search and Rescue en route.\" \"",
"We...\" \"[WEINE CLEARS THROAT]\" \"Excuse me.\" \"",
"I'm Agent Weine.\" \"",
"This is Agent Schreck.\" \"",
"We're with the FBI.\" \"",
"I understand how you all must be feeling right now.\" \"",
"I know it's gonna be difficult.\" \"",
"We're gonna ask you questions regarding today's events while they're still fresh in your mind.\" \"",
"This will prove invaluable to our rescue attempts and any criminal investigation.\" \"",
"You said, \"Listen to me.\" \"",
"This plane will explode on takeoff.\"\" \"",
"How did you know that?\" \"",
"I got this feeling.\" \"",
"This weird feeling.\" \"",
"Did you take any sedatives before boarding the plane?\" \"",
"Did you take any sleeping pills, any narcotics, hallucinogens?\" \" ",
"Alex, do you take any drugs?\" \" ",
"No.\" \"",
"I saw it.\" \"",
"I saw it happen.\" \"",
"I saw the plane explode.\" \"",
"Did the feelings have anything to do with your saying that you wished that Carter Horton was on the plane just before it exploded?\" \" ",
"No.\" \" ",
"Then why'd you say it?\" \"",
"Because I really didn't think it was gonna happen.\" \"",
"If that's the case, Alex, then why did you really get off the plane?\" \"",
"My brother, George, he told me to go and keep an eye on Alex.\" \"",
"And so he stayed, and...\" \"He told me to get off the plane.\" \"",
"Larry Murnau said I should get back on, but I told him that he should go.\" \"",
"I sent him back on the plane.\" \"",
"All right.\" \"",
"Nobody forced you off the plane.\" \"",
"You said you weren't friends with those that were.\" \"",
"So, Clear, why did you get off the plane?\" \"",
"Because I saw and I heard Alex.\" \"",
"And I believed him.\" \"[",
"SOBBING]\" \"Honey.\" \"",
"Oh, God.\" \"",
"There he is.\" \"",
"Over here.\" \"",
"Thank you for the ride.\" \"",
"WOMAN [ON TV]:\" \"You're looking at the first piece of debris to wash ashore from Volée Air Flight 180 which erupted shortly after a 9:25 p.m. Takeoff from John F. Kennedy Airport in New York.\" \"",
"There are no known survivors.\" \"",
"However, Coast Guard and Naval Search and Rescue efforts are continuing at this moment even as jet fuel burns on the ocean's surface.\" \"",
"Authorities are pessimistic about the possibility of finding anyone alive from the ill-fated flight.\" \"",
"All 287 passengers are feared dead.\" \"",
"Amongst the travelers, a class of 40 students and four teachers from Mount Abraham High School in southeast New York en route to Paris on a field trip.\" \"",
"There are reports that several students were removed from the aircraft moments before departure.\" \"",
"However, investigators remain guarded about the specifics of this incident.\" \"",
"Authorities from the National Transportation and Safety Board and the Federal Bureau of Investigation have arrived at JFK to begin the initial investigation.\" \"",
"Eyewitnesses at the airport, as well as on Long Island report seeing the plane explode.\" \"",
"No other aircraft were visibly near Flight 180.\" \"",
"At JFK, air traffic controllers are corroborating these eyewitness accounts.\" \"",
"After the explosion, debris apparently rained into the Atlantic Ocean for several miles.\" \"",
"However, investigators are cautious about verifying these accounts believing they'll learn more from the found debris when daylight arrives.\" \"",
"MAN:\" \"Thirty-nine days have passed since we lost our 39 loved ones, friends and teachers.\" \"",
"As each day passes without a determining cause for the accident we ask ourselves, \"Why?\"\" \"",
"Ecclesiastes tells us:\" \"\"Man no more knows his own time than fish taken in the fatal net or birds trapped in the snare.\" \"",
"Like these, the children of men caught when the time falls suddenly upon them.\"\" \"",
"And so, before we can heal before we can escape the presence of death and time we must mourn and celebrate theirs with this memorial.\" \"[",
"PLAYING GUITAR]\" \"[MAN SINGING]\" \"I hope you don't think because my name ain't up on this wall that I owe you anything.\" \"",
"I don't.\" \"",
"Because all I owe are these people.\" \"",
"To live my life to the fullest.\" \"",
"Why don't you stay off the J.D., then, huh, Carter?\" \"",
"Listen.\" \"",
"Don't you ever fucking tell me what to do, all right?\" \"",
"I control my life, not you.\" \"",
"Carter.\" \"",
"I'm never gonna die.\" \"",
"Hey, Alex.\" \" ",
"Hey.\" \" ",
"Hey.\" \"",
"I took my driver's test last week at the DMV.\" \"",
"Got a 70.\" \"",
"It's the lowest score you can get, but I passed.\" \"",
"When I was done with the test...\" \"You know the guy that drives with you?\" \" ",
"Right.\" \" ",
"Yeah, well, anyways.\" \"",
"He goes, \"Young man, you're gonna die at a very young age.\"\" \"",
"Yeah.\" \"",
"Yeah.\" \"",
"Is that true?\" \"",
"Not now, not here, not ever, Billy.\" \"",
"If I ask out Cynthia Paster, will she say no?\" \"",
"Fuck.\" \" ",
"Okay.\" \" ",
"Yeah.\" \"",
"Yeah.\" \" ",
"Miss Lewton...\" \" Don't talk to me.\" \"",
"You scare the hell out of me.\" \"",
"TOD:\" \"I'm gonna go up.\" \"",
"Hey.\" \"",
"Hey.\" \"",
"I don't want you to take this the wrong way.\" \"",
"But I miss you, you know?\" \"",
"Yeah.\" \"",
"Yeah, I miss you too.\" \"",
"But my father, you know, he doesn't understand.\" \"",
"Yeah.\" \"",
"Hey, look, when he gets over this thing you and me, little road trip to the city, you know?\" \"",
"Catch the Yanks.\" \"",
"Yeah.\" \"",
"Yeah, all right, we'll do that.\" \"",
"Cool.\" \" ",
"Look, I'd better go.\" \" ",
"Yeah.\" \"",
"This thing Miss Lewton showed me in class, they're gonna let me read it.\" \"",
"It says what I'm feeling.\" \"",
"Take care, man.\" \"",
"Because of you, I'm still alive.\" \"",
"Thank you.\" \"",
"TOD: \"We say that the hour of death cannot be forecast.\" \"",
"But when we say this, we imagine that the hour is placed in an obscure and distant future.\" \"",
"It never occurs to us that it has any connection with the day already begun.\" \"",
"Or that death could arrive this same afternoon.\" \"",
"This afternoon, which is so certain and which has every hour filled in advance.\"\" \"[",
"JOHN DENVER'S \"ROCKY MOUNTAIN HIGH\" PLAYS ON STEREO]\" \"[MUSIC STOPS]\" \"[OWL SQUEAKS]\" \"[GRUNTING]\" \"[MAN SPEAKING INDISTINCTLY ON RADIO]\" \"[SNORING]\" \"What happened?\" \"",
"Where's Tod?\" \"",
"CLEAR:\" \"Alex.\" \"",
"Get out of here.\" \" ",
"Didn't you see it?\" \" ",
"What happened?\" \"",
"You caused Tod so much guilt over George staying on the plane, he took his own life.\" \" ",
"No.\" \"",
"MAN:\" \"Time to go.\" \"",
"Look, he wouldn't do that.\" \"",
"Okay?\" \"",
"He said to me we'd be friends again after you got better.\" \"",
"Why would he make plans with me if he was thinking about killing himself?\" \"",
"Mr. Waggner.\" \" ",
"Mr. Waggner.\" \"",
"MAN 1:\" \"Here we go.\" \"",
"Easy.\" \"",
"All right.\" \"",
"Here we go.\" \"",
"MAN 2:\" \"Let's go.\" \"[",
"BLOWTORCH IGNITES]\" \"CLEAR:\" \"Almost autumn.\" \"",
"It's only the end of June.\" \"",
"CLEAR:\" \"Yeah, but everything's always in transition.\" \"",
"If you focus, one week into summer you can feel almost feel autumn coming.\" \"",
"Kind of like being able to see the future.\" \"",
"Why were you at Tod's house last night?\" \"",
"I've seen enough TV to know that the FBI doesn't investigate teen suicides.\" \"",
"They were there last night.\" \"",
"They don't have a clue what caused the crash.\" \"",
"They haven't ruled out anything.\" \"",
"The fact that seven people got off the plane is probably weird enough.\" \"",
"Not to mention that one of those people had a vision, or whatever of the plane exploding minutes before it did explode, is highly suspicious.\" \"",
"And it doesn't help that the visionary's friend just committed suicide.\" \"",
"Why were you there last night?\" \"",
"Do you know what this is?\" \"",
"This is a...\" \"Who's the spring-head guy?\" \"",
"It's you.\" \"",
"Not a likeness.\" \"",
"It's how you make me feel, Alex.\" \"",
"I'm sorry.\" \"",
"You know, like you, the sculpture doesn't even know what, or why, it is.\" \"",
"It's reluctant to take form.\" \"",
"And yet, creating an absolute but incomprehensible attraction.\" \"",
"In four years of high school, we haven't said one word to each other.\" \"",
"At that moment on the plane, I felt what you felt.\" \"",
"I didn't know where those emotions were from until you started freaking out.\" \"",
"I didn't see what you saw, but I felt it.\" \"",
"You can still feel it, can't you?\" \"",
"Something from that day is still with you.\" \"",
"I know because I can still feel you.\" \"",
"That's why I was there last night.\" \"",
"You know, I've never dealt with death before.\" \"",
"This could all be in our head.\" \"",
"It just feels like it's all around us.\" \"",
"It?\" \"",
"What if Tod was just the first?\" \"",
"Of us?\" \"",
"Is that something that you're feeling?\" \"",
"I don't know, you know.\" \"",
"I just wish I could see him again.\" \"",
"One last time.\" \"",
"So maybe I would know.\" \"",
"Then let's go see him.\" \"[",
"GRUNTS]\" \"CLEAR:\" \"Easy.\" \"",
"Gives me a rush.\" \"",
"This place?\" \"",
"Doing something I'm not supposed to.\" \"",
"Come on.\" \"",
"Hurry up.\" \" ",
"Is that him?\" \" ",
"I think.\" \"",
"Why did they make him up like Michael Jackson?\" \"",
"Yeah, that's him.\" \"",
"But whatever it was that made him Tod is definitely gone.\" \"",
"Christ.\" \"",
"Shh.\" \"",
"Please.\" \"",
"You'll wake the dead.\" \"",
"Why did his hand do that?\" \"",
"Chemicals in the vascular flush create cadaveric spasms.\" \"",
"Look, um...\" \" I'm his friend and...\" \" I know who you are.\" \"",
"What are all those tiny marks?\" \"",
"Cuticle lacerations from pulling at the wire.\" \"",
"Pulling at the wire?\" \"",
"If he was pulling at the wire, he wasn't trying to kill himself.\" \" ",
"It was an accident.\" \" ",
"In death, there are no accidents.\" \"",
"No coincidences.\" \"",
"No mishaps.\" \"",
"And no escapes.\" \"",
"What you have to realize is that we're all just a mouse that a cat has by the tail.\" \"",
"Every single move we make, from the mundane to the monumental the red light that we stop at or run the people we have sex with, or won't with us the airplanes that we ride, or walk out of it's all part of death's sadistic design leading to the grave.\" \"",
"Design?\" \"",
"Does that mean if you figure out the design, you could cheat death?\" \"",
"Alex.\" \"",
"You've already done that by walking off the plane.\" \"",
"Your friend's departure shows that death has a new design for all of you.\" \"",
"Now, you have to figure out how and when it's coming back at you.\" \"",
"Play your hunch, Alex.\" \"",
"If you think you can get away with it.\" \"",
"But remember the risk of cheating the plan of disrespecting the design could incite a fury that could terrorize even the Grim Reaper.\" \"",
"And you don't even wanna fuck with that Mack Daddy.\" \"",
"Okay, then, well...\" \"Yeah, I'm sorry we broke in and...\" \"No harm.\" \"",
"No foul.\" \"",
"I'll see you soon.\" \"",
"ALEX:\" \"The mortician said that death has a design.\" \"",
"Okay.\" \"",
"I'm talking about omens.\" \"",
"How do we know that just by sitting here, by sipping this coffee or breathing the air or crossing the intersection that we haven't started in motion the events that will lead to our death 40 years from now, 10 years from now, tomorrow?\" \"",
"We don't unless we open ourselves up to the signs it's willing to show us.\" \"",
"I don't understand.\" \"",
"Did you see Tod die?\" \"",
"Did it happen again, like on the plane?\" \"",
"No, no, it didn't, but I mean, it might as well have.\" \"",
"This is a message of something, Clear.\" \"",
"Or someone, hinting at a design.\" \"",
"Total bullshit.\" \"",
"I mean, you can find death omens anywhere you want to.\" \"",
"Coffee.\" \"",
"Starts with a C and ends with an E.\" \"So does the word choke.\" \"",
"So, what, we're gonna choke to death?\" \"",
"I wanna hear you.\" \"",
"We'll go nuts if you start with this shit.\" \"",
"The mortician said that death has a design, right?\" \"",
"Now, what if you, me, Tod, Carter, Terry, Billy, Miss Lewton messed up that design for whatever reason?\" \"",
"I saw death's plan, then we cheated it.\" \"",
"But what if it was our time?\" \"",
"What if we were not meant to get off that plane?\" \"",
"What if it still is our time?\" \"",
"If it is, then it's not finished.\" \"",
"And we will die now, not later.\" \"",
"Unless...\" \"Unless we find the patterns and cheat it again.\" \"[",
"NINE INCH NAIL'S \"INTO THE VOID\" PLAYS ON CAR STEREO]\" \"After hearing you, I do believe that Tod killed himself.\" \"[",
"TIRES SCREECHING]\" \"[SCREAMS]\" \"[MUSIC STOPS]\" \"BILLY:\" \"Yeah, I'm fine.\" \"",
"Whatever.\" \"",
"MAN:\" \"You all right, man?\" \" ",
"Hey, baby, come on, not now.\" \" ",
"Carter.\" \"",
"CARTER:\" \"Oh.\" \"",
"It looks like we have a bit of a reunion here.\" \" ",
"Let it go.\" \" ",
"When are you moving?\" \"",
"A couple weeks.\" \" ",
"That's too bad.\" \"",
"BILLY:\" \"You dick.\" \" ",
"We're losing our favorite teacher.\" \"",
"TERRY:\" \"Baby, come on.\" \"",
"Look, guys.\" \"",
"There's something I need to tell you, okay?\" \" ",
"Alex.\" \" ",
"And you lived here your whole life?\" \"",
"Yeah.\" \"",
"And now she's gotta move all because of Browning.\" \"",
"Enough, both of you.\" \"",
"They died and we lived.\" \"",
"Get over it.\" \"",
"I will not let this plane crash be the most important thing in my life.\" \"[",
"TERRY GRUNTS]\" \"I'm moving on, Carter.\" \"",
"And if you wanna waste your life beating the shit out of Alex every time you see him then you can just drop fucking dead.\" \"[",
"TIRES SCREECHING]\" \"WOMAN [ON TV]:\" \"Okay.\" \"",
"MAN:\" \"You look like a smart shopper.\" \"",
"WOMAN:\" \"Well, thank you.\" \"",
"MAN:\" \"Let's just say you were to see this knife set in a department store.\" \"",
"What do you think you'd have to pay?\" \"[",
"PHONE RINGING]\" \"WOMAN:\" \"Wow, that's a huge knife set, but how many...?\" \"[",
"LINE RINGING]\" \"KEN:\" \"Hello?\" \" ",
"Is Alex there?\" \"",
"Oh, hi, Clear.\" \"",
"Yeah, just a minute.\" \"",
"It's Clear again.\" \"",
"You wanna talk to her?\" \"",
"MAN [ON TV]:\" \"The economy kept trading volume below average today, and stocks...\" \"KEN [OVER PHONE]:\" \"Clear, he's in the shower.\" \" ",
"Can I get him to call you back?\" \" ",
"Sure, bye.\" \"",
"She's concerned about you.\" \"",
"I'm concerned about you.\" \"",
"Why won't you talk to her?\" \"",
"Or me?\" \" ",
"Which could put a cloud over both stocks and bonds.\" \"",
"Dad, you and Mom have both been a big help.\" \"",
"But there's something I need to understand before I can talk to anyone.\" \" ",
"The Dow down 75.\" \"",
"The National Transportation Safety Board has a new theory tonight on the possible cause of the explosion of Volée Air Flight 180.\" \"",
"Officials believe deterioration of silicon insulation on an electrical connector to the scavenger pump may have leaked combustible fluids.\" \" ",
"A spark in the fuel switch...\" \" That's Tod's seat.\" \"...",
"in the fuselage may have ignited the fuel line and proceeded to the fuel pump which would have set off the catastrophic explosion.\" \"",
"The path of the explosion.\" \"",
"Okay, the first was Tod.\" \"",
"Then it was Terry.\" \"",
"They're dying in the order they would have died.\" \"",
"That's death's design.\" \"",
"Miss Lewton's next.\" \"",
"LEWTON:\" \"And whenever I can fall asleep, I just...\" \"I see Terry Chaney.\" \"",
"And in the day, out of nowhere I hear the sound of my own voice in my head saying to Larry Murnau:\" \"\"No, you know the whole French thing.\" \"",
"Get on the plane.\"\" \"",
"Everything reminds me of that day.\" \"",
"Right, yeah.\" \"",
"I'm hoping a change will help.\" \"",
"It's just that I've lived here my whole life, you know?\" \"",
"And everywhere I looked were great memories.\" \"",
"And now all I see is Larry and those kids, you know?\" \"",
"Just looking out my own front yard makes me feel nothing but fear.\" \"",
"Laura, I'm gonna have to call you back.\" \"",
"Right.\" \"",
"Hi, this is Valerie Lewton.\" \"",
"I need Agent Schreck.\" \"",
"What are you doing here?\" \"",
"I was just...\" \"I was checking the air in the tire to make sure it's safe.\" \"",
"Get in the car.\" \"",
"Put on your seat belt.\" \"",
"I believe that Miss Lewton is next.\" \" ",
"Next?\" \" ",
"Yes.\" \"",
"Yeah, next, because there's this pattern that's occurring.\" \"",
"Oh, right, a pattern, yeah.\" \"",
"You noticed that too, huh?\" \"",
"Mom's favorite.\" \"[",
"JOHN DENVER'S \"ROCKY MOUNTAIN HIGH\" PLAYS ON STEREO]\" \"So, what about this pattern, Alex?\" \"",
"Did you see it in another one of your visions?\" \"",
"Did you catch it in some TV static?\" \"",
"You know, I never asked for what happened on the plane.\" \"",
"You guys are gonna sit on your little chairs and make fun of me.\" \"",
"Whatever, it's fine.\" \"",
"But I saved six lives on that plane.\" \"",
"Six lives, and everybody in my entire school thinks I'm a freak.\" \"",
"And I'm not...\" \"I'm not suffering from posttraumatic stress.\" \"",
"I don't have a narcissistic deity complex.\" \"",
"I'm not going Dahmer on you guys.\" \"",
"This just is.\" \"",
"There is a pattern for us all.\" \"",
"There's a pattern for you, there is a pattern for you.\" \"",
"There's a design for everyone.\" \"",
"I don't know how yet.\" \"",
"But I'm gonna break this one.\" \"",
"Alex, you came to our attention at first because you were under suspicion in this plane explosion.\" \"",
"Now, I know you didn't blow up the plane.\" \"",
"And we were ready to move on, but then the other survivors started to die.\" \"",
"First, your friend Tod.\" \"",
"Then Terry Chaney, while you were there at the scene.\" \"",
"And now tonight we pick you up at Val Lewton's house.\" \"",
"Alex, nobody has control over life and death.\" \"",
"Unless they are taking lives and causing death.\" \"",
"Now, can you promise me that no one else is going to die?\" \"",
"No, I can't.\" \"",
"As long as I'm in here, it's out of my control, I'm sorry.\" \"",
"Okay, go ahead.\" \"",
"Get out of here.\" \"",
"Thank you.\" \"",
"That kid gives me the creeps.\" \"",
"What are we gonna do?\" \"",
"We got nothing to hold him.\" \"",
"That's not what I'm talking about.\" \"",
"There were a couple of moments there where I almost believed him.\" \"",
"Can I tell you something?\" \"",
"Don't take this the wrong way.\" \"",
"But sometimes, you give me the creeps.\" \"[",
"KETTLE WHISTLES]\" \"[SCREAMS]\" \"You've gotta stop this.\" \"",
"Stop this, it's a stupid mug.\" \"",
"You're out of here.\" \"",
"Pretty soon, you'll be gone.\" \"",
"You'll be gone.\" \"[",
"GASPING]\" \"Miss Lewton.\" \"",
"Miss Lewton.\" \"",
"Okay, all right, okay.\" \"",
"Just stay still, okay?\" \"",
"Oh, God.\" \"",
"Oh, God.\" \"",
"Miss Lewton.\" \"",
"Hey, Alex.\" \"",
"BILLY:\" \"Dude.\" \"",
"I don't know where he is.\" \" ",
"He's not talking to me.\" \" ",
"Why?\" \"",
"Because I didn't believe him.\" \"",
"SCHRECK:\" \"If he does contact you I think it would be in the best interest of your safety if you called us.\" \"",
"Now, here's my card.\" \"",
"Toll-free number.\" \"",
"Interesting work.\" \"[",
"HORN HONKS]\" \"BILLY:\" \"Carter, you dick.\" \"[",
"BLADE SNAPS OPEN]\" \"CLEAR:\" \"What are you doing?\" \"",
"Terry's name should be on this wall.\" \"",
"Shit.\" \"",
"Why'd you want us to meet you here anyway, huh?\" \"",
"Because they're watching me, see if I go to Alex.\" \"",
"That's why you're taking me.\" \"",
"Why would I wanna see him?\" \"",
"Because he knows which one of us is next.\" \"[",
"JANE SIBERRY'S \"ALL THE CANDLES IN THE WORLD\" PLAYS ON CAR STEREO]\" \"So drive the speed limit, okay?\" \"",
"Oh, and don't pass on the right.\" \"",
"Billy, wait a minute here.\" \"",
"I'm getting a vision.\" \"",
"You're the next one, man.\" \"",
"Hey, man, why'd you say that?\" \"",
"Because if you say another word, I'm gonna fucking kill you.\" \"",
"He could be anywhere from here to a mile down.\" \"",
"So you guys drive down there, we'll meet around the middle.\" \"",
"It'll take half the time.\" \"",
"Do you think they're still up there?\" \"",
"Somehow, Flight 180, are they still in flight?\" \"",
"Somewhere, are they safe?\" \"",
"When I was a kid, like 6 or 7 I used to worry so much about my parents dying.\" \"",
"Lying awake at night just worrying.\" \"",
"Yeah, well, most kids do, I guess.\" \"",
"Most kids never have it happen.\" \"",
"When I was 10, my dad went into a 7-Eleven for cigarettes.\" \"",
"I guess that he heard someone say, \"Don't turn around.\"\" \"",
"So on reflex, or thinking it was a friend joking, he did.\" \"",
"And the guy blew his head off.\" \"",
"Life became shit after that.\" \"",
"My mom just couldn't deal anymore.\" \"",
"She married this asshole who my mom with my real dad would have crossed the street to avoid this guy.\" \"",
"He really didn't want a kid.\" \"",
"So my mom didn't either anymore.\" \"",
"If that was the design for my father and my family then fuck death.\" \"",
"God, I have thought a lot about that somewhere, Alex.\" \"",
"It exists, that place.\" \"",
"Where my dad is still safe.\" \"",
"Where he had a full pack of cigarettes that night and just kept driving.\" \"",
"Where me and my mom and my dad are still together and have no idea about this life here.\" \"",
"Where our friends are still in the sky.\" \"",
"Where everyone gets a second chance.\" \"",
"Alex, we can't give up.\" \"",
"ALEX:\" \"Look, I can't go home.\" \"",
"All right?\" \"",
"After Miss Lewton, they're gonna be looking for me.\" \"",
"CLEAR:\" \"No, we're taking you to my dad's cabin.\" \"",
"It's only a couple miles from my house.\" \"",
"All right, Browning, you fucking warlock.\" \" ",
"Did you know about Miss Lewton, or what?\" \" ",
"Why do you think I was hiding?\" \"",
"Billy told the FBI he saw you running from her house.\" \"",
"I was running because they blame me.\" \"",
"They blame me for Tod, they blame me for her, for the plane crash.\" \"",
"The fire, like, caramelized her blood, Alex.\" \"",
"Your shoe prints were in it.\" \" ",
"Your fingerprints were on the knives.\" \" ",
"I told you they were not...\" \"I'm not talking about whether or not you did it.\" \"",
"Or even if you knew she was dead.\" \"",
"Did you know she was gonna be next before she was?\" \"",
"Yeah, I did.\" \" ",
"I knew.\" \" ",
"All right.\" \"",
"Out of us, who's next to see it?\" \"",
"Please, tell me I'm gonna get to see the Jets win a Super Bowl.\" \"",
"It's me, right?\" \"",
"That's why you're not saying.\" \"",
"I knew I should have felt up Tammy in the pool that time.\" \" ",
"What are you whining about?\" \"",
"I'm next.\" \" ",
"He didn't say anything.\" \"",
"Just drive.\" \"",
"You have a responsibility to tell me.\" \"",
"Do you think it's gonna make it easier to know, Carter?\" \"",
"Huh?\" \"",
"It's not, it's gonna make it fucking harder.\" \"",
"You know, you get off having control over me.\" \" ",
"You let me decide how to deal with it.\" \" ",
"It doesn't matter who's next.\" \"",
"Because we're all on the same list.\" \"",
"All of us.\" \"",
"Oh, fuck.\" \"",
"Really?\" \"",
"All right, then why bother?\" \"",
"What's the fucking point, right?\" \"",
"Me and Terry, we'll be back together on the other side, so why wait any longer?\" \"",
"Carter, what are you doing?\" \"",
"Carter, slow down.\" \" ",
"Slow down, Carter!\" \" ",
"Fuck you.\" \" ",
"Knock it off.\" \" ",
"May as well go out on my own free will.\" \"",
"Not with us in the fucking car.\" \" ",
"Jesus, Carter, no.\" \" ",
"Stop it.\" \"",
"Carter, stop the car.\" \"",
"Hey, what's the worry if it ain't your time?\" \"",
"I could get nailed and you all wouldn't give a shit, right?\" \" ",
"It's only me.\" \" ",
"It doesn't work that way, Carter.\" \"",
"And I fucking hated French class.\" \"",
"CLEAR:\" \"Control yourself.\" \" ",
"That's what I'm doing.\" \"",
"I know what you're doing.\" \"",
"And it's all right to be scared.\" \"",
"I'm not afraid, all right?\" \"",
"I decide when it's time.\" \"",
"I control my life, I control my death.\" \"",
"You don't have to prove to us how big your balls are.\" \"",
"Not now.\" \"[",
"GRUNTS]\" \" Carter, stop driving like such an asshole.\" \" ",
"What are you doing?\" \"",
"Fuck it, Carter, Jesus Christ.\" \"",
"Carter, put your hands back on the wheel.\" \"",
"CLEAR:\" \"Carter, stop.\" \"",
"ALEX:\" \"Hands on the wheel, Carter.\" \"",
"Oh, shit.\" \"",
"ALEX:\" \"Okay, Carter, easy.\" \"",
"I am so close to puking right now, you don't even wanna know.\" \"",
"CLEAR:\" \"We're afraid too, Carter, but we're not going to quit.\" \"",
"Stop what you're doing and stop this fucking car.\" \"",
"Damn it, Carter.\" \"",
"I want you to stop this car right now.\" \"[",
"ENGINE STOPS]\" \"[TRAIN SIGNAL RINGING]\" \"[WHISTLE BLOWING]\" \" Billy.\" \" ",
"Move it.\" \" ",
"Hey, open the door, Billy.\" \" ",
"Move the fucking car!\" \" ",
"Hey, open the fucking door.\" \"",
"CLEAR:\" \"Move the car.\" \"",
"ALEX:\" \"Open it.\" \"",
"CLEAR:\" \"Open the door.\" \"",
"ALEX:\" \"Easy, easy, open the door.\" \"",
"CLEAR:\" \"Open the door.\" \"",
"ALEX:\" \"Billy, open the fucking door!\" \"",
"CLEAR:\" \"Billy, open it!\" \"",
"ALEX:\" \"Open the door!\" \"",
"CLEAR:\" \"Open the door!\" \"",
"Carter, listen to me.\" \"",
"Don't do this.\" \"",
"CLEAR:\" \"Goddamn it!\" \"",
"Get out of the fucking car.\" \"",
"ALEX:\" \"Carter, listen to me.\" \"",
"Hey, listen to me.\" \"",
"This isn't the way.\" \"",
"It's not the way.\" \"",
"Get out of the car.\" \" ",
"Come on!\" \" ",
"It's coming, it's coming!\" \" ",
"Carter.\" \" ",
"It ain't my time.\" \"[",
"ENGINE STRUGGLING]\" \"Oh, shit.\" \"",
"Carter, listen to me.\" \"",
"This isn't the way.\" \"",
"Get out of the car, Carter.\" \"",
"CLEAR:\" \"Carter, get out of the car.\" \"",
"ALEX:\" \"Come on, get out!\" \"",
"I can't get out!\" \"",
"CLEAR:\" \"Alex!\" \"",
"No!\" \"",
"Man, he really is next.\" \" ",
"Get out!\" \" ",
"Get out!\" \" ",
"Come on!\" \" ",
"Fuck!\" \"",
"Oh, God.\" \"",
"I saw it.\" \"",
"I saw the belt.\" \" ",
"Scared now?\" \" ",
"It broke.\" \"",
"Bullshit.\" \"",
"He saved your life again.\" \"",
"That's right.\" \"",
"You're next, Carter.\" \"",
"I'm staying the fuck away from you.\" \" ",
"Shut up.\" \" ",
"We don't need this shit right now.\" \"",
"I don't need it ever.\" \"",
"What are you doing?\" \"",
"Get away from him, he's next.\" \"",
"Hey, fuck you, Billy.\" \"",
"I'm not dead.\" \"",
"Oh, you will be.\" \"",
"You're dead, you're dead.\" \"",
"And you ain't taking me with you!\" \"",
"CARTER:\" \"Oh, shit.\" \"",
"Oh, shit.\" \"",
"Jesus fucking Christ!\" \"",
"You should've been next.\" \"",
"You should've been next after Lewton.\" \"",
"That's the plan.\" \"",
"That's the design.\" \" ",
"You should be dead.\" \" ",
"You're the fucking devil.\" \"",
"I saw the seat belt.\" \"",
"I knew it would rip.\" \"[",
"SIREN WAILING]\" \"That's how I saved him.\" \"",
"Just like the plane.\" \"",
"Just like the explosion, I saw it.\" \" ",
"The police are coming.\" \" ",
"Fuck, I saved him.\" \"",
"Because I saved him it skipped Carter, went to the next in the path of the explosion, Billy.\" \"",
"I have to see it.\" \"",
"And if I see it, then I intervene.\" \"",
"And if I intervene, I cheat the design.\" \"",
"What, intervene?\" \"",
"What are you, God now?\" \"",
"Gods aren't afraid to die.\" \"",
"Gods don't die.\" \"",
"We do.\" \" ",
"You know?\" \" ",
"Baby, you're losing it, okay?\" \"",
"The police will be here.\" \"",
"We have to get you to my cabin.\" \"",
"You can hide, and get your head together.\" \"",
"Okay, after Billy, I'm next.\" \"",
"I'm next.\" \" ",
"And then me.\" \" ",
"Hey, hey, hey, listen.\" \"",
"I'm not gonna let it happen, okay?\" \" ",
"Listen to me, all right?\" \" ",
"Hey, hey, hey.\" \"",
"Why don't you two just get the fuck out of here?\" \"",
"Rusted.\" \"",
"Tetanus.\" \"",
"Nice one.\" \"",
"I overlooked it.\" \"",
"You tried to capitalize.\" \"",
"But I caught you, you fuck.\" \"",
"I can beat you.\" \"",
"Yeah, I mean, not forever, but I got this cabin rigged to beat you now!\" \" ",
"She was there a minute ago.\" \" ",
"What are you talking about?\" \"",
"I'm not turning him in.\" \"",
"It's too dangerous for him out there alone.\" \" ",
"I go with you.\" \" ",
"You can't.\" \"",
"Clear, you just tell us where he is.\" \"",
"Wait at home, I give you my word that we will bring him in safely in protective custody.\" \"",
"I never moved.\" \"",
"Christa asked me to change seats but I never moved.\" \"",
"I would've been up next to Tod.\" \"",
"Fuck, why didn't I remember that?\" \"",
"I never moved.\" \"",
"Clear's seat was in front of mine.\" \"",
"She's next.\" \"[",
"SIRENS CHIRPING]\" \"Alex!\" \"",
"Alex!\" \"",
"Come on, get in the car.\" \"",
"We're going around.\" \"",
"Get in the car.\" \"",
"Come on!\" \" ",
"Go!\" \"",
"MAN:\" \"Move!\" \"[",
"DOG BARKING]\" \"Oh, shit.\" \"",
"SCHRECK:\" \"There!\" \"",
"WEINE:\" \"Come on, let's go, over here.\" \"",
"SCHRECK:\" \"Alex!\" \"",
"Alex, we're trying to help you.\" \"",
"Fritz, get away from it.\" \"[",
"SCREAMS]\" \"Come on.\" \"",
"SCHRECK:\" \"Alex!\" \"[",
"YELLS]\" \"Run!\" \"[",
"YELLS]\" \"[GURGLING]\" \"We lost him.\" \"",
"From the direction, there's only one place he's heading.\" \"",
"No shit.\" \"[",
"SCREAMS]\" \"[GURGLING]\" \"[GASPS]\" \"ALEX:\" \"Clear!\" \"",
"No.\" \"",
"Oh, my God.\" \"",
"Don't move.\" \"",
"Stay there.\" \"",
"Don't move, don't move.\" \"",
"Don't touch anything.\" \"",
"You're grounded by the tires, okay?\" \"",
"The car's gonna explode.\" \"",
"I can only hold on for so long, you know what to do.\" \"",
"Don't!\" \"",
"When I do this, it'll skip you, and it'll be over.\" \" ",
"It's the only way we can cheat death again.\" \" ",
"No, don't!\" \"",
"Clear, I am not gonna let it beat us both.\" \"",
"You know what to do.\" \"",
"I'll always be with you.\" \"",
"No!\" \"",
"Alex!\" \"",
"Alex, get away from there.\" \"",
"No!\" \"",
"Alex.\" \"",
"Alex.\" \"",
"Damn it, you can't do this to me.\" \"",
"Come on, baby.\" \"",
"Come on.\" \"",
"WEINE:\" \"Alex, Alex?\" \"",
"Alex, Alex?\" \"",
"Oh, shit, he's not breathing.\" \"",
"Hold on, Alex.\" \"",
"Come on, stay with me.\" \"[",
"PEOPLE CHATTERING IN FRENCH]\" \" Well, we made it.\" \" ",
"Paris, I can't believe it.\" \"",
"I just can't believe we got on a plane again.\" \"",
"You know what I'm saying?\" \"[",
"WAITER AND ALEX SPEAK IN FRENCH]\" \"Wow.\" \"",
"It's weird being here, huh?\" \"",
"We finally completed a puzzle.\" \"",
"It's just there's something missing, you know?\" \" ",
"To Terry.\" \" ",
"Yeah.\" \" ",
"To Tod.\" \" ",
"To all of our friends that can't be here.\" \" ",
"Cheers.\" \" ",
"Cheers.\" \"",
"What?\" \"",
"If you would have told me six months ago that the three of us would be sitting here having a drink...\" \" Yeah.\" \"",
"CARTER:\" \"I don't know.\" \"",
"I mean, sometimes it just feels like the two of you are the only ones who can really understand.\" \"",
"You were right, Browning.\" \"",
"It did skip us.\" \"",
"There was a design.\" \"",
"We beat it.\" \"",
"You know, we won.\" \"",
"I think the only thing we won, Carter, is a chance at a full life.\" \"",
"A chance that I won't ever waste.\" \"",
"Yeah, there's just something...\" \"You know, something I can't figure out.\" \" ",
"What?\" \" ",
"About the design.\" \"",
"Alex, just let it go.\" \"",
"All right?\" \"",
"I swear...\" \"Just hear me out, all right?\" \" ",
"Oh, my God.\" \" ",
"It's just...\" \"Listen.\" \"",
"Now, the path of the explosion determined the order of our deaths, right?\" \"",
"When I intervened and saved Carter it skipped him and went to the next person in the path.\" \"",
"It went to Billy.\" \"",
"All right, and then it was Clear.\" \"",
"But I intervened and saved her, so it went to me, but in my case no one intervened, right?\" \"",
"I was thrown from that power line by the explosion.\" \" ",
"So...\" \" So why did it skip you, right?\" \"",
"How do we know that this isn't exactly what was meant to happen?\" \"",
"That out of everyone on Flight 180, you, me and Carter were meant to live.\" \"",
"Maybe that was the design all along.\" \" ",
"Or you could still be next.\" \" ",
"Shut up, Carter.\" \"",
"What?\" \"",
"I didn't make up the rules.\" \"",
"Somebody's gotta intervene before death can skip them.\" \"",
"Alex proved that three times.\" \"",
"In the plane, with me, you.\" \"",
"For all I know, it could circle back and get us all again.\" \"",
"But I am the safest fucker in the world because you're still next.\" \"[",
"SINGING \"ROCKY MOUNTAIN HIGH\"]\" \"CLEAR:\" \"Can we just stop talking about this?\" \"",
"Let's figure out what we're gonna do tomorrow.\" \"[",
"ALEX GASPING]\" \"I'm gonna meet you back at the hotel.\" \" ",
"Just wait, I'll go with you.\" \" ",
"No, just stay here.\" \"",
"Okay, Clear?\" \"",
"Just stay here.\" \"",
"All right?\" \"",
"See, it's true.\" \"",
"I told you you were next, man.\" \"",
"Stop it, Carter.\" \"",
"CLEAR:\" \"Alex, wait.\" \" ",
"No, Clear, stay there.\" \"",
"Okay?\" \"",
"Stay away.\" \"",
"Alex!\" \"[",
"MAN YELLS]\" \"Alex!\" \"",
"I told you, you were next.\" \" ",
"Then it just skipped me.\" \" ",
"So who's next?\""
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"Percutaneous sacroiliac screw versus anterior plating for sacroiliac joint disruption: A retrospective cohort study.",
"\nSacroiliac joint disruption (SJD) is a common cause of pelvic ring instability. ",
"Clinically, percutaneous unilateral S1 sacroiliac screw and anterior plating are always applied to manage SJD. ",
"The objective of this study is to elaborate their respective therapeutic traits. ",
"Patients with SJD fixed with unilateral S1 sacroiliac screw or anterior plating from June 2011 to June 2015 were recruited into this study and were divided into two groups: group A (unilateral sacroiliac screw) and group B (anterior plating). ",
"Surgical time, blood loss, frequency of intraoperative fluoroscopy and complications were reviewed. ",
"Postoperative radiograph and CT were conducted to assess the reduction quality. ",
"Fracture healing was evaluated by radiograph performed at each follow-up. ",
"Majeed score was recorded at the final follow-up to assess the functional outcome. ",
"Thirty-eight patients were included in group A and thirty-two patients in group B in this study. ",
"There was no significant difference in the demographic data of the two groups. ",
"A significant difference existed in the results for average operation time (P = .022) and blood loss (P = .000) between group A and group B. The mean frequency of intraoperative fluoroscopy was 15.82 in group A and 3.94 in group B (P = .000). ",
"All the fractures healed in this study. ",
"The rates of satisfactory reduction quality and functional outcome showed no significant difference between the two groups (P > .05). ",
"The complication rate was 15.79% (6/38) in group A and 9.38% (3/32) in group B (P = .660). ",
"Compared with anterior plating, percutaneous unilateral S1 sacroiliac screw usage is less invasive; however, more intraoperative X-ray exposure and permanent neurologic damage may accompany this procedure."
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"EPA hits chemical maker for not notifying on new compounds The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency says a chemical maker's North Carolina plant may have broken federal law by failing to notify the agency before it started manufacturing and repurposing new industrial compounds\n\nRALEIGH, N.C. -- A chemical maker's North Carolina plant may have broken federal law by failing to notify the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency before it started manufacturing and repurposing new industrial compounds, the agency said this week.",
"\n\nThe Chemours Co. also failed to provide information showing when the company learned the chemical GenX contaminated water wells and properties around its factories near Fayetteville and Parkersburg, West Virginia, the EPA said in a violation notice letter dated Wednesday.",
"\n\nFederal law requires the producers of potentially toxic substances that \"may present an unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment\" to notify the EPA before the companies start making new chemicals or use an existing compound for a significantly new use. ",
"That would allow the agency to investigate their effects.",
"\n\n\"The review process exists to make sure that new chemicals are safe and that new uses those chemicals are put to are also safe,\" environmental lawyer Robin Smith said. \"",
"It's a basic requirement that's intended to protect health and safety.\"",
"\n\nOperators of Chemours' Fayetteville plant failed to give those required notices for several chemicals including HFPO, a chemical used to make the compound GenX. GenX has been found in drinking water wells near the plant and also the municipal utility serving the city of Wilmington, about 100 miles (161 kilometers) down the Cape Fear River.",
"\n\nThe EPA classifies GenX as an \"emerging contaminant\" needing research. ",
"Animal studies show GenX has the potential to affect the kidneys, blood, immune system, liver and developing fetuses following oral exposure, the EPA said in a draft report released last year. \"",
"The data are suggestive of cancer,\" the report said.",
"\n\nChemours also failed to contain GenX within its West Virginia plant despite a 2009 agreement with the federal agency that the company would stop 99 percent of the chemical from getting into the water and air.",
"\n\nEPA said it found the violations after inspecting the two plants in 2017. ",
"Since then, Chemours has made changes to address some of the issues raised, company spokeswoman Lisa Randall said in an emailed statement. ",
"She wouldn't say why Chemours didn't provide EPA with the required notices.",
"\n\nChemours also should provide within 30 days information EPA previously asked for describing when the Fortune 500 company first learned that GenX had contaminated drinking water wells near the two plants, the agency said.",
"\n\nIts Chemours investigation may find other violations and fines could follow, EPA said.",
"\n\n\"It's significant that EPA is now weighing in,\" said Geoff Gisler, a Southern Environmental Law Center attorney. \"",
"EPA ensuring the company is properly documenting and registering the chemicals they're using at the site is an important thing to have happen.\"",
"\n\n———\n\nFollow Emery P. Dalesio on Twitter at http://twitter.com/emerydalesio. ",
"His work can be found at https://apnews.com/search/emery%20dalesio."
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"\nAsk HN: Books that explains algorithms with code instead of math? - ",
"swix\nYes as the title says.",
"\nI am looking for books about algorithms that explain the algorithms with code instead of math. ",
"The reason being, I understand code better than sometimes foreign to me math symbols and formulas.<p>So what type of algorithms am I looking for? ",
"Graphics and machine learning mostly, but also the usual suspects, sorting, data structures, etc.<p>Big plus if the book is explaining things on a very understandable level, so that any average developer can grasp the concepts without too much hassle.<p>So, what are the best books that fall in this category?",
"\n======\nBenDaglish\nIf you know perl, I highly recommend Mastering Algorithms With Perl - all code\nand barely any symbols :)\n\n------\ntoddc\nData Structures and Algorithms in Java by Adam Drozdek has a lot of actual\ncode that works. ",
"I think the code is online, but the book is worth buying\nbecause things are explained well ([http://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-\nAlgorithms-Java-Drozde...](http://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-\nJava-Drozdek/dp/9814239232/) ) to be fair, there's quite a bit of math\nsupporting Drozdek's book. ",
"Stay away from Sedwick, in my experience his\nexamples are incomplete/don't compile and are abstract. ",
"Now, while, CLRSS is\nthe gold standard (Joshua Bloch cites it in his Java Collections code) be\naware it's math heavy and lacking on implementation details. ",
"Rumor was that\nthere was a CD of CLRSS examples somewhere...\n\n------\nswordswinger12\nI'm not sure how to parse your request. \"",
"explain the algorithms with code\ninstead of math\" is what's tripping me up, what exactly are you looking for?",
"\nAlgorithms are often described as pseudocode, so you want a book that explains\npseudocode with code? ",
"At some point you have to move to another level of\nabstraction when talking about an algorithm, which is why mathematical\nlanguage is used. ",
"That said, you could try CLRS. ",
"That seems to be the gold\nstandard in algorithms books.",
"\n\n------\nrmk\nThis approach is wrong, if you want to learn algorithms. ",
"Also, you will not\nfind an algorithms book that combines graphics, machine learning, and the\nusual suspects. ",
"Also, forget about learning this stuff 'without too much\nhassle'. ",
"There is no 'royal road' to algorithms. ",
"Practice, practice, and\npractice.",
"\n\n------\nekm2\nI would start out with Sedgwick's Algorithms in C since it has lots of code\nexamples before moving on to CLRS\n\n"
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"Homeowners and residents in the South Florida community of Palm Beach can avoid many local water restrictions if they have so-called “smart” controllers, or advanced technology on their irrigation systems, according to an agreement reached last week between town officials and the South Florida Water Management District.",
"\n\nThe only exception is when the water district itself imposes drought restrictions. ",
"Then, residents will have to abide by the restrictions.",
"\n\nSmart controllers, which can cut water use by 25 to 60 percent, precisely regulate irrigation according to local weather and soil conditions. ",
"Advanced irrigation systems include conservation-oriented sprinkler nozzles.",
"\n\nPalm Beach and local civic improvement associations have been lobbying residents to switch to “advanced irrigation.”"
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"Coming Out Of Election Haze: How Do Women On Left Overcome Elite Feminism?",
"\n\nNow that the election haze is dissipating, there are multiple theories flying about as to why Hillary Clinton lost the election to Donald Trump—some blame the Electoral College, some say that she ran a stupefyingly arrogant campaign, and that she was just not likable, and others believe that the way in which she relied on women to carry her towards an election victory may have been her undoing.",
"\n\nOverall, the overtly-commercialized, bourgeois feminism that became the very core of her campaign’s identity made her inaccessible to many women, especially those on the left.",
"\n\nI spoke to three leftist women about the aftermath of the election and asked them where women on the left go from here.",
"\n\n*\n\nAkira Hino\n\nAddiction counselor. ",
"Her clients include homeless teens and adults, people entering treatment after serving their sentence as part of parole requirement, as well as professionals in need of addiction treatment.",
"\n\nHow would you define bourgeois feminism and what role do you believe it played during this election? ",
"Did it impact Clinton’s loss? ",
"Why/why not?",
"\n\nMy main definition of bourgeois feminism is the fixation and focus on women’s access to leadership roles without disrupting the current economic and social order. ",
"Liberals adopted the focus of leadership access in framing various versions of identity politics, but I think for too many people, leadership access was no longer a goal they found relevant because of the need for immediate economic relief. ",
"I think it had an impact in that many people were unenthusiastic about Clinton, and I think the low voter turnout was one of the factors of her loss.",
"\n\nDuring this election we saw a number of high-profile, white feminist writers ignoring leftists who offered criticism of Clinton. ",
"How do we combat their influence and their formulaic disregard?",
"\n\nI think the election results speak for themselves about the influence in the general population. ",
"I think the only way to combat their influence and disregard is to organize the people who don’t feel represented by the mainstream talking points and give them alternative analysis that speaks to their interests. ",
"I think you and many left women are doing exactly that.",
"\n\nThere was a lot of pushback against women, who criticized Clinton during her campaign run. ",
"Why do you believe so many women were unnerved by criticism of Clinton?",
"\n\nI think for a lot of committed Hillary supporters she was a projection of many professional women’s aspirations as well as their experiences. ",
"So attacks on Hillary were registered as a personal insult rather than seeing her as a public figure.",
"\n\nNow that Donald Trump has been elected, Clinton’s fanbase has come out hard against anyone who expressed any disapproval of her policies, going as far as to blame them for his landslide win. ",
"Have you come across this? ",
"Why are they wrong?",
"\n\nI come across this quite a bit. ",
"Too many people see politicians as extensions of their personal identity rather than a public figure that needs to be pushed to meet their material demands. ",
"When you identify with a politician on that level, you’re unable to craft your message to people that doesn’t identify with the politician in the same way, and you’re not able to advocate for them efficiently.",
"\n\nElections always come with a real risk of losing, and you never get to improve your game if you’re uninterested in improving tactics and messaging to appeal to people outside your home base. ",
"I think the fact that Democrats have lost—in addition to the presidential election—so many seats as governors, senators, and representatives indicate their lackluster electoral strategy.",
"\n\nWhere does Hillary Clinton’s devastating loss leave feminists on the left who are unimpressed with bourgeois discourse, especially those who argue that “elitist feminism” leaves many women out? ",
"Where do we, as leftist women, go from here if we’re to (re)build a revolutionary movement?",
"\n\nI think the most important target are women who don’t identify as feminists and many people who are ambivalent about bourgeois feminism. ",
"Politics is about influencing others and increasing ranks and appealing to people that don’t identify with bourgeois feminists. ",
"And getting them on board with feminism that represents their interests is an incredibly important step to building a revolutionary movement.",
"\n\nLiza Featherstone\n\nJournalist and journalism professor based in New York City. ",
"She is also the editor of “False Choices: The Faux Feminism of Hillary Clinton”\n\nYou wrote “Elite White Feminism Gave Us Trump,” where you blamed “elite feminism” for Donald Trump winning the election. ",
"How do you define this ideology—this “elite feminism”?",
"\n\nI would define it as both a style of politics and a substantive ideology. ",
"The style is, it is elitist in its expression, in its preoccupation with rich women like Hillary Clinton and Beyonce and its general disinterest in working class women and their concern. ",
"But I would also define it as an ideology: an active commitment to a neoliberal, militarist order as long as a few women advance within that order.",
"\n\nAt its worse—as in the 2016 Democratic primary—elite feminism can be weaponized against the interests of the vast majority of women by pitting a narrow politics of representation against a redistributive agenda that has been shown to help all women and stigmatizing the latter as somehow sexist.",
"\n\nThere was a lot of pushback against women who criticized Hillary Clinton during her campaign run, and you were one of their favorite targets, especially after the release of “False Choices: The Faux Feminism of Hillary Rodham Clinton,” which you edited. ",
"Why were so many women unnerved by your criticism of Hillary Clinton?",
"\n\nThe charitable reason is that the stakes were high in an election against Trump. ",
"But I’d also argue that the professional managerial class, which includes those of us who work in the media, is very invested in just the kind of dead end feminism that Clinton represents. ",
"So criticisms of her make them defensive.",
"\n\nNow that Donald Trump has been elected, Clinton’s fan-base has come out hard against anyone who expressed any disapproval of her policies, going as far as to blame them for his landslide win. ",
"Have you come across this? ",
"Why are they wrong?",
"\n\nI actually haven’t encountered that much of this. ",
"Interestingly, most of the most vicious criticism of my work comes either from certifiably crazy Twitterati or from gossipy media elites on secret liberal list servs that people think I don’t have access to. ",
"Even there, no one has directly come out and blamed me for Trump’s win as far as I know. ",
"If they did, they would be wrong because I’m not that powerful, and more importantly, I certainly did not advocate voting for Trump.",
"\n\nI actually did advocate voting for Clinton in swing states. ",
"I don’t think journalists/writers should ever be silent about powerful people. ",
"I will say, however, that after the primary, my criticisms were intended to help people prepare to think about left opposition under a Clinton presidency, and had I believed that he could win, or that it would be this close, I probably would have framed some of my criticisms differently.",
"\n\nWhere does Hillary Clinton’s devastating loss leave feminists on the left who are unimpressed with bourgeois discourse, especially those who argue that “elite feminism” leaves many women out? ",
"Where do we, as leftist women, go from here if we’re to (re)build a revolutionary movement?",
"\n\nI think it leaves us with an opportunity. ",
"Whatever we think of Hillary Clinton, Trump’s win is devastating. ",
"But I think the failure of her campaign shows that this kind of elitist feminism can’t help us in these intense and complicated times and that we need to build a much broader (LOL pun intended) movement.",
"\n\nI think we engage in building organizations for the long term, whichever organizations we are best positioned to work on, whether those are unions in our workplaces or socialist organizations in our communities. ",
"We also need to stand up to Trump by protecting the rights of immigrants and other minority groups, and continue to work locally on issues that don’t require the federal government’s help, like the fight for a $15 minimum wage (the majority of low-wage workers are women).",
"\n\nZoé Samudzi\n\nPhD student in Sociology at the University of California, San Francisco.",
"\n\nHow would you define bourgeois feminism and what role do you believe it played during this election? ",
"Did it impact Clinton’s loss? ",
"Why/why not?",
"\n\nI would define bourgeois feminism (aka Lean In-ism) as classed gender interests, i.e. a feminism whose interests lie solely in promoting the mobility and success of formally educated and middle class and up [white] women.",
"\n\nWithin this election, it was an identity politic that used guilt and an imposed obligation to mobilize women around Hillary Clinton, and it subsumed “women’s progress” within a narrative of Clinton breaking the ultimate glass ceiling—becoming president, regardless of the fact that position or even access to certain kinds of social and economic mobility are inaccessible to so many women.",
"\n\nI think it impacted Clinton’s loss in that her appeal to certain kinds of women alienated so many women of color, and even many working and middle class women. ",
"But it was ultimately white women’s investment in white supremacy, rather than the contrived feminist unity she represented, that led white women to vote for Donald Trump over her.",
"\n\nTokenization of people of color was rampant during this election, and it came from all directions. ",
"At the same time we saw a number of high-profile, white feminist writers ignoring women of color who offered criticism of Hillary Clinton. ",
"How do we combat their influence, and their formulaic erasure of women of color, in the future?",
"\n\nRight now, I’m grappling with the outright refusal to engage in or at least attempt to initiate dialogue with white women in certain politicized spaces. ",
"Toni Morrison has that incredible quote about the function of racism as distraction: that it “keeps you from doing your work. ",
"It keeps you explaining, over and over again, your reason for being.” ",
"She says that none of that labor, none of this explaining over and over again to people who refuse to listen to and engage you as an equal, is necessary.",
"\n\nIt’s getting increasingly more important to me to invest in our own feminist spaces rather than fighting for inclusion in a conversation that has no interest in our voices or agency or humanity.",
"\n\nThere was a lot of pushback against women who criticized Clinton during her campaign run, why do you believe so many women were unnerved by criticism of Clinton?",
"\n\nWhite women internalized the criticism because they saw themselves in Hillary Clinton: any criticism of her politics was ultimately a criticism of them and the politics they shared with her.",
"\n\nNow that Donald Trump has been elected, Clinton’s fan base has come out hard against anyone who expressed any disapproval of her policies, going as far as to blame them for his landslide win. ",
"Have you come across this? ",
"Why are they wrong?",
"\n\nThey’re wrong because, as so many people have pointed out, people of color quite overwhelmingly showed out for Clinton, despite being deeply critical of her politics and past policies. ",
"Hell, 94% of black women voters voted for her! ",
"But, per usual, white people—particularly white women—refuse to hold themselves accountable for their complicity in white supremacy so they would rather blame ethnic minority and third party voters, despite clear evidence that white people’s vested interest in white supremacy enabled Trump’s victory.",
"\n\nWhere does Hillary Clinton’s devastating loss leave feminists on the left who are unimpressed with bourgeois discourse, especially those who argue that “elite feminism” leaves many women out? ",
"Where do we, as leftist women, go from here if we’re to (re)build a revolutionary movement?",
"\n\nIf anything, her loss vindicates women that are critical of the idea that there is anything radical about a trickle-down feminism that forces women of color, queer and trans women, disabled women, working class women, and women of other marginalized identities to prioritize the interests of cis-hetero white women over our own.",
"\n\nFrom here, I think it’s important that we’re methodical about constructing a gender politic that’s deeply critical of all facets of whiteness, that’s self-reflective about our own benefit from and complicity within systems of oppression. [",
"We need] a real intersectional understanding of our identities accompanied by real concerted efforts at dialogue, solidarity, and material supports for other marginalized women."
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[
"There's still plenty of snow on the ground all over the U.S. right now, but IDW Publishing is thinking warm spring thoughts, as they've just announced their Star Trek comic book titles for May. StarTrek.com is pleased to share details about those books, as well as exclusive First Looks at their covers.",
"\n\nFirst up is Star Trek: Boldly Go #8, written by Mike Johnson, with art by Megan Levens and a cover by George Caltsoudas. ",
"In the finale of the epic storyline, it's up to Kirk, Spock and the Academy cadets, including their newest member, Jaylah, to solve the murder of the Romulan ambassador before the Babel peace conference ends in disaster and a new course is set for galactic war. ",
"Boldly Go #8 will run 32 pages and cost $3.99. ",
"Fans should be on the hunt for a Subscription Variant with a Vincenzo Federici cover; and a Funko Art Variant with a Tim Gilardi cover; and a Variant cover by Cryssy Cheung.",
"\n\nRed Alert! ",
"Beam in the latest Star Trek updates! ",
"Email Sign Up By subscribing to the Star Trek newsletter, which may include personalized offers from our advertising partners, you agree to our Terms of Use and acknowledge the data collection and usage practices outlined in our Privacy Policy.",
"\n\nNext, there's Star Trek/Green Lantern Vol 2 #6 (of 6), written by Mike Johnson, with Angel Hernandez doing double duty on the art and cover. ",
"The conclusion to the blockbuster event of 2017 answers the question... Will it be a new dawn for the Green Lantern Corps in the Star Trek universe... or will Sinestro and Khan succeed in conquering the new timeline for themselves? ",
"Star Trek/Green Lantern Vol 2 #6 (of 6) will span 32 pages and cost $3.99. ",
"The Subscription Variant features a George Caltsoudas cover, while the Variant cover is by Elizabeth Beals.",
"\n\nSimon Roy and Cavan Scott wrote Star Trek: Waypoint #5 (of 6), which features art by Simon Roy and Josh Hood, as well as a cover by Roy. ",
"Star Trek: Waypoint continues its celebration of Star Trek with two new tales. ",
"Roy (Prophet) takes on the Prime Directive in an Original Series story, while writer Cavan Scott (Dr. Who, Sherlock Holmes) and artist Josh Hood (Star Trek: Deviations, We Can Never Go Home) focus on Doctor Bashir in a thought-provoking Deep Space Nine tale. ",
"Star Trek: Waypoint #5 (of 6) will play out across 32 pages and be priced at $3.99. ",
"The Subscription Cover is by Tony Shasteen.",
"\n\nAnd, last but not least, on the way is Star Trek: TNG: Mirror Broken #1 (of 6), written by Scott Tipton & David Tipton, with J.K. Woodward handling the art and cover. ",
"In it, Captain Jean-Luc Picard will stop at nothing to get his hands on the Empire's newest warship, the ISS Enterprise, be it lies, deception... or murder. ",
"With enemies and allies around every corner, Picard's quest to help the Enterprise and restore the Empire to glory will not be an easy one. ",
"Good thing he has a crew on board who will also stop at nothing to ensure total victory — at any cost. ",
"This title will be 32 pages long and cost $3.99. ",
"George Caltsoudas has rendered the cover for the Subscription Variant, while other Variant covers are by Joe Corroney and Adam Rosenlund.",
"\n\n\n\n\n\nFor additional details, contact your local comic book retailer or visit www.comicshoplocator.com to find a store near you. ",
"Keep an eye on StarTrek.com for additional details about the IDW's upcoming Star Trek adventures, as well as exclusive First Looks at covers and preview pages."
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[
"Monitoring system is a system intended to improve security at a station, an airport, or the like. ",
"The monitoring system is configured to include a sensor such as a camera and a microphone. ",
"The monitoring system monitors occurrence of an abnormal condition by using a sensor output and a monitoring rule. ",
"The monitoring rule is a conditional expression representing what value of the sensor output causes a determination of occurrence of an abnormal condition.",
"\nFor example, the monitoring rule is a conditional expression such as “if a camera takes an image of a person putting down luggage, nobody comes close to the luggage for a predetermined time, then issue a warning”. ",
"When the conditional clause of this monitoring rule is satisfied, it can be interpreted that an abnormal condition of “luggage abandonment” is occurring, for example.",
"\nPTL 1 discloses a monitoring system that monitors occurrence of an abnormal condition by using a sensor output and a monitoring rule. ",
"PTL 1 discloses that occurrence of an abnormal condition is detected at a plurality of different places. ",
"PTL 1 discloses that monitoring rules to be set are different between a case of monitoring a store which manages merchandise by a Point Of Sale system (POS) and a case of monitoring a store which manages merchandise by a Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) tag.",
"\nPTL 2 discloses a technique of automatically generating a monitoring rule based on a database in which data concerning abnormal events are registered and a database in which data concerning normal events are registered."
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"Posted!",
"\n\nJoin the Conversation\n\nComments\n\nWelcome to our new and improved comments, which are for subscribers only.",
"\nThis is a test to see whether we can improve the experience for you.",
"\nYou do not need a Facebook profile to participate.",
"\n\nYou will need to register before adding a comment.",
"\nTyped comments will be lost if you are not logged in.",
"\n\nPlease be polite.",
"\nIt's OK to disagree with someone's ideas, but personal attacks, insults, threats, hate speech, advocating violence and other violations can result in a ban.",
"\nIf you see comments in violation of our community guidelines, please report them.",
"\n\nU.P. businesses accused of defying order to limit work amid COVID-19 crisis\n\nThree businesses in Menominee County in the Upper Peninsula have agreed to limit operations amid the coronavirus pandemic following orders from state and local officials, the state attorney general said Thursday.",
"\n\nA woman using a vaping device exhales a puff of smoke.(Photo: Tony Dejak, AP file)\n\nCease-and-desist letters were sent to Auto Credit Center, Grow Masters Indoor & Outdoor Gardening Supplies and Holy Smokes Tobacco Shop for failing to comply with Gov. Gretchen Whitmer’s Stay Home, Stay Safe executive order, which limits business operations during the pandemic and extends through this month.",
"\n\nNone were considered critical infrastructure under the order to allow on-site operations, \"but reports indicated they were still open,\" according to Michigan Attorney General Dana Nessel's office.",
"\n\nAfter Michigan State Police troopers delivered the letters, all three businesses said they would comply with the executive order, according to the release.",
"\n\n“There is a big difference between the need for food and for cigarettes, smoking supplies or financing a used car,” said Jeffrey Rogg, Menominee County prosecutor.",
"\n\n“The idea behind our local enforcement effort is to limit our citizens’ exposure to others by keeping them home, as much as possible, during this crucial time. ",
"I see the continued operation of these businesses as an unnecessary risk to public health, which has the potential to encourage others to try to get around the governor’s closure orders.”",
"\n\nAuto Credit Center, Inc. in Menominee, Michigan.(Photo: Google Maps)\n\nGrow Masters Indoor & Outdoor Gardening Supplies, which sells groceries, will provide curbside service for agricultural purposes only. ",
"Representatives for the company and Auto Credit Center did not immediately respond to requests for comment Thursday.",
"\n\n“I appreciate the cooperation of Prosecutor Rogg in enforcing the governor’s executive order, and I would stress again to business owners that they must follow the Stay Home, Stay Safe order,” Nessel said. “",
"These are unprecedented times and we all must work together to minimize the spread of COVID-19. ",
"Again, I appreciate the work of law enforcement agencies throughout our state, and I ask that you take appropriate action to address any violations reported to your offices.”",
"\n\nReached Thursday, Andrea Woods, manager at Holy Smokes, said the business, which is described on its Facebook page as the \"area's finest glass and vape shop,\" closed immediately upon receiving the cease-and-desist notice.",
"\n\nStaffers are looking into how to manage deliveries so customers can pick up products without entering, Woods said.",
"\n\n\"We’re worried for our employees because they have bills to pay, too, but we’re also worried for our customers and what they’re going to do,\" she told The Detroit News on Thursday night. \"",
"We hope this is all resolved soon.\"",
"\n\nPeople in violation of Whitmer’s stay-at-home order and other executive actions could face fines of up to $1,000 and businesses could see licensing penalties, according to a new emergency order from the director of the state health department.",
"\n\nBuy Photo\n\nThis alert went out to smartphones alerting Michigan residents about the governor's order taking effect early March 24 through April 13.(Photo: John T. Greilick, The Detroit News)"
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"Semiconductor devices each functions as a high withstand voltage MOS transistor have been conventionally proposed. ",
"As shown in FIG. ",
"17, the high withstand voltage MOS transistor is provided with a silicon substrate 71 which includes an isolation region 72 for element isolation and electric field relaxation layers 73. ",
"The silicon substrate 71 further has a gate electrode 75 and a gate oxidized film 74. ",
"The gate electrode 75 is formed in such a manner that two ends thereof respectively overlap the electric field relaxation layers 73, and the gate oxidized film 74 is interposed between the gate electrode 75 and the electric field relaxation layers 73. ",
"On two sides of the gate electrode 75, source and drain regions 76 having so-called offset structure is provided a certain distance away from the gate electrode 75. ",
"Usually, to ensure a high withstand voltage, the gate length and the size of the electric field relaxation layer 73 are increased to a certain degree, in the high withstand voltage MOS transistor having the above structure.",
"\nOn the other hand, for example, Patent Citation 1 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. ",
"251980/1992 (Tokukaihei 4-251980; Published on Sep. 8, 1992)) proposes a high withstand voltage MOS transistor using a trench for a purpose of achieving a higher integration. ",
"As shown in FIG. ",
"18, to form the high withstand voltage MOS transistor, a trench 60 is first formed on an N-type semiconductor substrate 50, and then P-type impurity diffusion layers 61 are formed on side and bottom surfaces of the trench 60. ",
"Next, as shown in FIG. ",
"19, the bottom surface of the trench 60 is further deepened to form a trench 62. ",
"Then, as shown in FIG. ",
"20, an oxidized film 63 is formed through a thermal oxidation or the like on the outer layer including the side and bottom surfaces of the trench 62. ",
"Then, a polysilicon film is formed through a CVD method on the entire superior surface of the semiconductor substrate 50 including the trench 62. ",
"The polysilicon film is patterned into a gate electrode 64 through photo lithography and etching. ",
"A low concentration diffusion layer 65 for P-LDD is formed. ",
"At the ends of the gate electrode 64, side walls 66 are formed. ",
"Then, through a conventional manufacturing method, P-type high concentration impurity diffusion layers 67 are formed. ",
"Thus, a P-type high withstand voltage MOS transistor as shown in FIG. ",
"20 and FIG. ",
"21 is obtained.",
"\nThe P-type high withstand voltage MOS transistor thus obtained has the gate electrode 64 which is formed so as to cover the trench 62. ",
"At the ends of the gate electrode 64, the side walls 66 are provided. ",
"Adjacently to the side walls 66, the P-type high concentration impurity layers 67 to become source and drain regions are arranged. ",
"The P-type high concentration impurity layers 67 and the trench 62 are surrounded by an isolation region 68 formed through LOCOS method. ",
"In a region where the gate electrode 64 overlaps the isolation region 68, a contact region 69 to be connected to metal wiring is formed.",
"\nSince this high withstand voltage MOS transistor has the P-type impurity diffusion layers 61 which serve as electric field relaxation layers on the side surfaces of the trench 62, an area taken by the transistor is reduced. ",
"However, since the trench 62 is formed by further deepening the trench 60 after the trench 60 is formed, the process of manufacturing becomes complicated. ",
"This consequently raises the production cost and decreases the yield.",
"\nFurther, it is necessary to form the side wall on each side surface of the gate electrode 64, and to form the contact region 69 on the isolation region 68 for connecting the gate electrode 64 to metal wiring. ",
"This reduces an amount by which the high withstand voltage MOS transistor is downsized.",
"\nIn order to solve the problem, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. ",
"2004-39985 (Tokukai 2004-39985; Published on Feb. 5, 2004) (Patent Citation 2) proposes a high withstand voltage MOS transistor in which a drift diffusion region is formed on walls of a trench, by implanting ion at an oblique angle. ",
"As shown in FIG. ",
"22, in the high withstand voltage MOS transistor, a trench 41 is formed on a semiconductor substrate 40, and a drift diffusion layer 42 is formed on the walls of the trench 41, by implanting ion at an oblique angle. ",
"At this point, the ion is not implanted to the bottom of the trench 41. ",
"This is because the edges at the top of the trench 41 block implantation of the ion into the bottom surface.",
"\nThen, as shown in FIG. ",
"23, a gate oxidized film 43 is formed on the walls and the bottom surface of the trench 41, and a gate electrode 44 is buried into the trench 41. ",
"Then, through ion implantation, a high concentration impurity diffusion layer 45, an interlayer insulation film 46 and drain/source/gate electrode wiring 47 are formed. ",
"Thus, a high withstand voltage MOS transistor as shown in FIG. ",
"23 is obtained.",
"\nThe high withstand voltage MOS transistor shown in FIG. ",
"23 allows a high integration, and its manufacturing method is simplified. ",
"However, since the gate electrode 44 is adjacent to the high concentration impurity diffusion layer 45, the withstand voltage of the high withstand voltage MOS transistor is deteriorated due to an effect from the electric field at the gate electrode 44. ",
"It is therefore difficult to achieve a higher withstand voltage.",
"\nFurther, as shown in FIG. ",
"22, in formation of the drift diffusion layer 42 by implantation of ion into the walls of the trench 41 at an oblique angle, the following relation is established: (b=a/tan θ), where: θ is an implantation angle at which ion is implanted to form the drift diffusion layer 42; a is a gate length (trench 41 width); and b is a length of the drift diffusion layer 42. ",
"Accordingly, determining of the depth of the trench 41 determines one gate length (trench 41 width). ",
"Accordingly, a circuit (e.g. an output circuit of a liquid crystal driver) which is largely affected by variation in characteristics of the transistor is not able to adopt the above-described downsized high withstand voltage transistor. ",
"This is because, when designing such a circuit, it is not possible to increase the gate length to reduce an effect of variation in the accuracy of processing in the manufacturing process.",
"\nFurther, in a semiconductor device of a conventional liquid crystal driver or the like, if a transistor is directly connected to output and power source terminals, and if a surge voltage is applied to the output or the power source terminal, the surge voltage will reach nearby the gate, consequently causing a problem such as damaging the gate oxidized film. ",
"For this reason, a protection resistor or a protection diode or the like is needed as an ESD protection circuit for each of the output and power source terminals, to prevent a surge voltage from affecting the internal circuit.",
"\nIn recent years, in a liquid crystal driver adopting a high withstand voltage transistor, the number of output terminals has been rapidly increasing for a purpose of reducing the number of parts and the production cost of the liquid crystal panel. ",
"Since the ESD protection circuit which occupies a considerable area needs to be provided for each of the output terminals, the area needed for ESD protection circuits in a chip is no longer ignorable."
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[
"Background {#Sec1}\n==========\n\nRapid developments have been achieved in the area of epidermal growth factor-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) and immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors for lung cancer patients \\[[@CR1]--[@CR5]\\]. ",
"Although treatment resistance is inevitable, advances of third-generation EGFR-TKIs prolong the survival of patients with *EGFR* mutations. ",
"The *KRAS* mutation is the second most common genetic variant in Chinese non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients \\[[@CR6]\\]. ",
"Many retrospective and prospective studies have attempted to treat *KRAS* mutation patients with EGFR-TKIs \\[[@CR7]\\] and MAP-ERK kinase (*MEK*) inhibitors \\[[@CR8], [@CR9]\\], but none were successful. ",
"No targeted therapy is available for patients with *KRAS* mutations and chemotherapy remains the standard. ",
"Patients with *KRAS* mutations seemed to respond to checkpoint blockade therapy in several recently published studies \\[[@CR10]--[@CR12]\\]. ",
"In addition to immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors, *KRAS G12C*-specific inhibitors show promising preclinical and clinical results \\[[@CR13]\\]. ",
"The World Conference of Lung Cancer in 2019 presented promising and up-to-date clinical data on the drug AMG510, which was given to 13 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at a dose of 960 mg once per day. ",
"Seven patients achieved partial response and six achieved stable disease. ",
"The objective response rate was 54% and the disease control rate was 100%. ",
"Additionally, a series of clinical trials targeting *KRAS G12C* mutations with *G12C*-specific inhibitors, including RMC-4630 and MRTX849 are ongoing \\[[@CR14], [@CR15]\\].",
"\n\nIt was reported that 30% of Caucasian NSCLC patients harbored *KRAS* mutations, of which 35 \\~ 45% were of the *G12C* subtype \\[[@CR16], [@CR17]\\]. ",
"Therefore, the incidence of *KRAS G12C* mutations in NSCLC in those Caucasian patients was nearly 12%. ",
"In Asians, however, the frequency of *KRAS G12C* mutations has rarely been studied and the prognosis of those carrying the *G12C* mutation is still unclear. ",
"Here, we examined the incidence of this mutation subtype, and its clinical characteristics, in Chinese NSCLC patients drawn from two cohorts and explored the prognostic role of the *KRAS G12*C mutation.",
"\n\nMethods {#Sec2}\n=======\n\nPatients {#Sec3}\n--------\n\nFrom January 2016 to September 2019, the NGS results from 40,804 NSCLC patients from multiple centers (mCohort) were analyzed; of these patients, 3998 had *KRAS* mutations. ",
"In total, 1776 patients with *KRAS* mutations had NGS results analyzed from tumor tissue, 1646 from tumor tissue and liquid biopsy, and 576 from liquid biopsy alone (e.g., peripheral blood, pleural effusion and cerebrospinal fluid). ",
"Clinical data of these patients were pooled retrospectively and the factors included in the analysis were age, sex, pathology, and clinical stage at the time of diagnosis. ",
"Smoking history and survival data of 1456 NSCLC patients from one of the centers, the Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute (iCohort), were collected retrospectively from the electronic medical records.",
"\n\nAnalysis {#Sec4}\n--------\n\nThe chi-square test was used to compare categorical data. ",
"Overall survival (OS) was measured from the date of pathological diagnosis of lung cancer to the date of death or last follow-up, with a cut-off date of September 2019. ",
"Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated to estimate OS in different genomic groups. ",
"The univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the prognostic value of *KRAS* and *KRAS G12C* mutations on OS. ",
"Statistical significance was defined as a *p*-value less than 0.05.",
"\n\nResults {#Sec5}\n=======\n\nFrequency of KRAS G12C mutations in Chinese NSCLC patients {#Sec6}\n----------------------------------------------------------\n\nIn the mCohort, 3998 NSCLC patients had *KRAS* mutations; 25 patients had two *KRAS* mutation subtypes, and the frequency of *KRAS* mutations was 9.8%. ",
"Of the patients with *KRAS* mutations, 1179 (29.5%) were confirmed to harbor *G12C* mutations (Fig. [",
"1](#Fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"}a). ",
"The proportions of the other three major *KRAS* codon 12 subtypes were as follows: *G12V*, 18.3% (*N* = 731); *G12D*, 17.3% (*N* = 693); and *G12A*, 8.4% (*N* = 334) (Fig. [",
"2](#Fig2){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"Fig. ",
"1Flow charts of NSCLC patient enrollment in the study. ",
"Patients included from multiple centers cohort (mCohort) **a**. ",
"Patients included and excluded from Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute cohort (iCohort) **b**. ",
"pts.: ",
"patientsFig. ",
"2Pie charts of NSCLC patients with *KRAS* mutations. ",
"Pie charts showing the proportions of *KRAS* mutation and wildtype tumors in the mCohort (left), and the proportions of different *KRAS* mutation subtypes in the mCohort (right) which included patients from the iCohort\n\nIn the iCohort, 130 of 1456 NSCLC patients (8.9%) were confirmed to have *KRAS* mutations, of whom 42 (32.3%) harbored *G12C* mutations; there were 304 wildtype patients (excluding *EGFR* mutation, *ALK* fusion, *ROS1* fusion and *BRAF* mutation) (Fig. [",
"1](#Fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"}b). ",
"The distribution of *KRAS* mutation subtypes was comparable to that in the mCohort. ",
"For the other three major codon 12 subtypes, the proportions were as follows: *G12D*, 19.2% (*N* = 25); *G12V,* 13.1% (*N* = 17); and *G12A*, 6.9% (*N* = 9) (Fig. [",
"2](#Fig2){ref-type=\"fig\"}).",
"\n\nClinical characteristics of patients with the KRAS G12C mutation {#Sec7}\n----------------------------------------------------------------\n\nThe clinical and pathological characteristics of NSCLC patients with *KRAS G12C* and non-*G12C KRAS* mutations were compared in the mCohort (Table [1](#Tab1){ref-type=\"table\"}). ",
"The mean ages of the *G12C* and non-*G12C* subtype patients were 63 and 62 years old, respectively (*P* = 0.02). ",
"The proportion of male patients was higher in the *G12C* subgroup than that in the non-*G12C* subgroup (85.2% vs 67.4%, *P* \\< 0.0001). ",
"Most of the *G12C* and non-*G12C* subtype patients were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma (rates were more than 90% in both groups). ",
"Nearly 40% of the patients were diagnosed with stage IV disease in the *G12C* and non-*G12C* subgroups. ",
"In the iCohort, the clinical and pathological characteristics of the patients with *G12C* and non-*G12C* mutations were comparable to those in the mCohort. ",
"Of note, in the iCohort, 76.2% of the patients in the *G12C* subgroup were former or current smokers, compared with 53.4% of those in the non-*G12C* subgroup (*P* = 0.02). ",
"Table 1Clinical and pathological characteristics of *KRAS G12C* and non-*G12C* mutations from the mCohort*KRAS G12C* (*N* = 1179)Non-*G12C* (*N* = 2819)*P*-valueAge, mean (range)63 (31--91)62 (14--90)0.02Sex, *n* (%) Male1005 (85.2%)1899 (67.4%)\\*\\*\\* Female162 (13.7%)875 (31.0%) NA12 (1.0%)45 (1.6%)Pathology, *n* (%) Adenocarcinoma1107 (93.9%)2584 (91.7%)\\# Squamous carcinoma23 (2.0%)154 (5.5%) Adeno-squamous carcinoma9 (0.8%)18 (0.6%) LCLC3 (0.3%)13 (0.5%) others37 (3.1%)50 (1.8%)Stage, *n* (%) I37 (3.1%)85 (3.0%)0.24 II38 (3.2%)86 (3.1%) III125 (10.6%)235 (8.3%) IV447 (37.9%)1082 (38.4%) NA532 (45.1%)1331 (47.2%)*\\#* could not be computed, *mCohort* lung cancer patients from multiple centers, *iCohort* lung cancer patients from Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, *NA* not available, *LCLC* large-cell lung cancer\n\nThe clinical characteristics of *KRAS* mutation and wildtype tumors were also compared in the iCohort. ",
"In the *KRAS* mutation and wildtype subgroups, 79.2 and 71.7% of the patients were male (*P* = 0.10), respectively, with median ages of 63 and 61 years (*P* = 0.01); 60.8 and 53.3% were former or current smokers (*P* = 0.15), respectively. ",
"Most patients in both the *KRAS* mutation and wildtype subgroups had adenocarcinoma and stage IV disease.",
"\n\nPrognostic value of the KRAS G12C mutation {#Sec8}\n------------------------------------------\n\nSurvival data were collected retrospectively for 130 *KRAS* mutation and 304 wildtype patients from the iCohort. ",
"In the Kaplan-Meier analysis, regardless of the *KRAS* mutation group or the *KRAS G12C* mutation subgroup, both were associated with a shorter median OS compared with wildtype tumors (15.1 vs 26.7 months, Hazard Ratio \\[HR\\]~*KRAS*~ = 1.50, *P* = 0.002; 18.3 vs 26.7 months, HR~*G12C*~ = 1.66, *P* = 0.007) (Fig. [",
"3](#Fig3){ref-type=\"fig\"}a, b). ",
"Fig. ",
"3Survival analysis of NSCLC patients with *KRAS* and *KRAS G12C* mutations. ",
"Overall survival (OS) analysis of *KRAS* mutation and wildtype tumors **a**. ",
"OS analysis of *KRAS G12C* mutation and wildtype tumors **b**. ",
"m: months; wt: wild type; HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval\n\nTo identify the prognostic values of the *KRAS* and *KRAS G12C* mutations on OS, clinical and molecular variables were included in Cox regression analysis. ",
"In the univariate analysis, age, male, smoker, stage IV disease, *KRAS* mutation, and *KRAS G12C* and non-*G12C* mutations were identified as independent factors for shorter OS (Table [2](#Tab2){ref-type=\"table\"}). ",
"In the multivariate Cox model, smoker (HR = 1.39, *P* = 0.05) and stage IV disease (HR = 2.72, *P* \\< 0.0001) remained as independent factors for poor prognosis. ",
"Both the *KRAS* mutation (HR = 1.47, *P* = 0.07) and the *KRAS G12C* mutation (HR = 1.23, *P* = 0.07) were borderline statistically significant. ",
"Table 2Univariate and multivariate analysis of overall survival based on clinical and molecular variablesVariableUnivariate analysisMultivariate analysisCrude HR95%CI*P*Adjusted HR95%CI*P*Age1.021.00--1.030.021.011.00--1.030.07Sex Female11 Male1.411.05--1.900.021.080.74--1.580.71Ever Smoking Non-smoker11 Smoker1.461.13--1.900.0041.391.00--1.940.05Pathology Adenocarcinoma1 Squamous carcinoma1.160.71--1.880.55 others1.140.64--2.060.65Stage I-II11 III1.550.88--2.740.131.580.89--2.810.12 IV2.681.60--4.47\\*\\*\\*2.721.62--4.56\\*\\*\\**KRAS* mutation Wildtype11 Mutation1.511.16--1.980.0031.300.98--1.720.07*KRAS* mutation subtype Wild-type11*G12C* mutation1.651.10--2.470.021.470.97--2.230.07 Non-*G12C* mutation1.451.06--1.980.021.230.90--1.690.20*NSCLC* non-small cell lung cancer, *HR* hazard ratio\n\nDiscussion {#Sec9}\n==========\n\nThe frequency of *KRAS* mutations is much higher in Caucasian NSCLC patients, at around 30%, than in Asian patients \\[[@CR18]\\]. ",
"In our study, 9.8% of the patients in the mCohort harbored *KRAS* mutations, similar to the rates reported by Zhou's group \\[[@CR19]\\]. *",
"EGFR* and *KRAS* mutations are mutually exclusive, and Asian patients with NSCLC tend to have more *EGFR* mutations and thus fewer *KRAS* mutations \\[[@CR20]\\]. ",
"The frequency of *KRAS G12C* mutations in Caucasians ranges from 35 to 45% \\[[@CR16], [@CR18], [@CR21], [@CR22]\\]. ",
"In our study, 29.5% of *KRAS* mutations in the mCohort were of the *G12C* subtype, which means that nearly 3% of these Chinese NSCLC patients harbored *KRAS G12C* mutations.",
"\n\nIn Caucasians, *KRAS* mutations are more common in females and smokers \\[[@CR21]--[@CR23]\\]. ",
"Moreover, Dogan et al. ",
"and Osta et al. ",
"reported that *G12C* mutations were more common in women and those with a smoking history \\[[@CR17], [@CR24]\\]. ",
"By contrast, we found that male smokers more commonly harbored *KRAS* mutations, including *G12C* mutations, which is consistent with Guan et al. ",
"\\[[@CR25]\\]. ",
"Although only a small proportion of *KRAS* mutation patients enrolled in the mCohort were diagnosed with stage I or II disease, *KRAS* mutation seems to be an early event that might drive lung cancer development \\[[@CR18], [@CR21], [@CR22], [@CR25]\\]. ",
"Furthermore, the *KRAS G12C* mutation might be a drug target in early stage lung cancer.",
"\n\nThe prognostic role of *KRAS* mutations in NSCLC patients in early and advanced stages is becoming clear. ",
"Two studies enrolled surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma patients and found that those with *KRAS* mutation tumors had worse disease free survival and OS compared with wildtype patients \\[[@CR21], [@CR22]\\]. ",
"Even after excluding *EGFR* mutations, a significant survival difference persisted. ",
"A poor prognosis of *KRAS* mutation patients in advanced lung cancer stages has also been reported \\[[@CR17], [@CR26]\\]. ",
"Guan et al., ",
"from our institute, enrolled stage I to IV lung cancer patients. ",
"To eliminate bias of disease stage, patients were randomly paired, and *KRAS* mutations still predicted a poor prognosis \\[[@CR25]\\]. ",
"Our results are consistent with the available data indicating a shorter OS for *KRAS* mutations, compared to wildtype tumors. ",
"However, the prognostic role of *KRAS G12C* mutations has been rarely reported. ",
"Nadal et al. ",
"showed that the *KRAS G12C* mutation was associated with poor outcomes in surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma and remained an independent prognostic marker for OS in multivariate analysis \\[[@CR22]\\]. ",
"Svaton et al. ",
"indicated that patients with *G12C* mutations had shorter median OS compared to non-*G12C KRAS* mutation and wildtype patients (6.4 vs 10.3 vs 16.1 months, *P* = 0.01) \\[[@CR26]\\]. ",
"In our study, more than 80% of the NSCLC patients exhibited advanced disease. ",
"The median OS of the *G12C* mutation and wildtype patients was 18.3 and 26.7 months, respectively (HR = 1.66, *P* = 0.007). ",
"The prognostic value of the *G12C* mutation was identified in Cox regression analysis. ",
"Although the *P-*value reached statistical margin, this may have been due to the small sample size of *KRAS* mutation patients in the iCohort. ",
"Patients with *KRAS* mutations could receive chemotherapy as standard treatment; some could choose immunotherapy with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. ",
"No other choices were available for clinicians to prescribe for these patients. ",
"Thus, detailed information regarding the treatment is not presented in Table [2](#Tab2){ref-type=\"table\"}. ",
"In general, the *KRAS G12C* mutation was a prognostic biomarker for poor OS in Chinese NSCLC patients.",
"\n\nOur study included the largest sample size of NSCLC patients harboring *KRAS* mutations thus far. ",
"However, it had a few limitations. ",
"First, we only had clinical and pathological data for the NSCLC patients from multiple centers and lacked survival data. ",
"Thus, the prognostic role of the *KRAS G12C* mutation in poor OS were taken from only one of the centers, namely, the iCohort. ",
"Second, in the iCohort, there were more stage IV patients in the *KRAS* mutation subgroup than in the wildtype subgroup, which may have affected the results where *KRAS* mutations were associated with a poor prognosis (*P* = 0.01). ",
"However, this result has been repeated in previously published studies. ",
"Similarly, although more patients had stage IV disease in the *G12C* subgroup than in the wildtype subgroup, the difference in their distribution did not reach statistical significance (*P* = 0.10). ",
"Thus, results regarding the prognostic roles of *KRAS* mutations and *G12C* mutation were reliable. ",
"Third, racial differences in the *KRAS G12C* mutation should be explored further in future studies.",
"\n\nConclusion {#Sec10}\n==========\n\nIn general, our study identified that approximately 9% of Chinese NSCLC patients had *KRAS* mutations. ",
"Of these, nearly 30% harbored the *KRAS G12C* mutation subtype, which often occurred in male smokers. ",
"The *KRAS G12C* mutation predicted a poor OS, which could potentially be improved by specific *G12C* inhibitors in the future.",
"\n\nCI\n\n: Confidence interval\n\nEGFR-TKIs\n\n: Epidermal growth factor-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors\n\nHR\n\n: Hazard ratio\n\nLCLC\n\n: Large cell lung cancer\n\n*MEK*\n\n: MAP-ERK kinase\n\nNGS\n\n: Next-generation sequencing\n\nNSCLC\n\n: Non-small cell lung cancer\n\nOS\n\n: Overall survival\n\n**Publisher's Note**\n\nSpringer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.",
"\n\nWe thank Mr. Yang Shao, Mr. Xian Zhang, Mr. Jun-Yi Ye and Miss. Chun-Xiang Chen for providing data regarding patients with *KRAS* mutations from multiple centers.",
"\n\nConception and design of the study: Prof. Yi-Long Wu; Acquisition of clinical data: Dr. Si-Yang Liu, Dr. Jia-Ying Zhou, Dr. Guang-Ling Jie and Dr. Hao Sun; Analysis and interpretation of the data: Dr. Si-Yang Liu, Mr. Yang Shao, Mr. Xian Zhang, Mr. Jun-Yi Ye and Miss. Chun-Xiang Chen; Manuscript drafting and revision: Dr. Si-Yang Liu and Prof. Yi-Long Wu; Final approval of the manuscript: All authors.",
"\n\nThis work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFC1303800 to Q. Zhou), Special Fund of Public Interest by National Health and Family Control Committee (201402031 to Y.L. Wu), Key Lab System Project of Guangdong Science and Technology Department and Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer (2012A061400006, 2017B030314120 to Y.L. WU) and Health Collaborative Innovation Major Project from Guangzhou Science and Technology Bureau (201400000001--2 to Y.L. WU).",
"\n\nThe datasets used and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.",
"\n\nThe procedures in this study were approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (2013185H). ",
"All patients provided written informed consent for the use of their NGS results.",
"\n\nNot applicable.",
"\n\nThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.",
"\n"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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[
"Steven Reich\n\nSteven F. Reich is an American attorney. ",
" Reich graduated from Columbia College in 1983. ",
"He began his career as an associate at the prominent Washington, D.C. law firm Covington & Burling following his graduation from Columbia Law School in 1986. ",
" From 1994-1998, Reich served as an Assistant Federal Public Defender for the District of Maryland. ",
" In 1998, he moved to the Minority staff of the Judiciary Committee of the U.S. House of Representatives, where he was Deputy Chief Investigative Counsel during the impeachment proceedings against President Bill Clinton. ",
" After President Clinton's impeachment by the House, Reich Served as impeachment counsel to the Minority Members of the U.S. Senate. ",
" He thereafter served as Senior Associate Counsel to President Clinton from 1999-2001.",
"\n\nReich next was a partner at the law firm of Manatt Phelps & Phillips, LLP from 2001-2011. ",
"While at Manatt, he served as Special Counsel to a Select Committee of Inquiry of the Connecticut House of Representatives charged with considering whether Connecticut Governor John G. Rowland should be impeached. ",
" Rowland resigned during the pendency of Reich's investigation.",
"\n\nIn 2011, Reich was appointed to the position of Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice. ",
" In that role, Reich served as a senior advisor to Attorney General Eric Holder and Deputy Attorney General Jim Cole.",
"\n\nReich returned to private practice in 2013 as a partner at the law firm of Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld. ",
"While at Akin Gump, Reich was selected to be Special Counsel to a Special Committee of the Utah House of Representatives charged with determining whether Utah Attorney General John Swallow had engaged in misconduct. ",
" Swallow resigned during the pendency of the investigation led by Reich.",
"\n\nIn 2015, Reich was selected by Deutsche Bank AG to serve as its General Counsel for the Americas, effective April 2015. ",
" He negotiated Deutsche Bank's resolution of the RMBS investigation with the Department of Justice in late 2016.",
"\n\nReferences \n\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:American lawyers\nCategory:Year of birth missing (living people)"
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[
"We were featured on a vlog \"Destination EB\". ",
"In the first episode they talk with owner Linda about the market, pumpkins, our hayride and more. ",
"Then they experience our brand new attractions Zombie Zone and Nightmare on Cheesequake! ",
"Check it out!",
"\n\nWelcome to Cheesquake Farms!",
"\n\nWe are Linda & Bob, 4th & 5th generation farmers in the Old Bridge area and proud to be celebrating our 40th year of farming at Cheesequake Farms. ",
"Our two farms are located in Old Bridge, the heart of central New Jersey. ",
"We grow top quality flower and vegetable plants, hanging baskets, perennials, bedding plants, pumpkins, gourds, squash and many other crops. ",
"Halloween and fall are spectacular at the farm!! ",
"Hayrides, pumpkin picking, Flashlight Corn Maze and the\n\nBales of straw are available retail and wholesale (for wholesale prices call Bob). ",
"At Christmas, we offer top quality fresh cut trees, custom wreaths, grave blankets, kissing balls and mailbox swags. ",
"Also available is fresh cut greenery, undecorated wreaths, pine roping and poinsettias. ",
"Come in and enjoy the country scenery, taste the freshness of local farm grown vegetables, come in and swap recipes, immerse yourself and delight your senses at Cheesequake Farms!",
"\n\nThe old Dutch barn that was moved to the\nfarm in the early 1900's from Cheesequake Creek, approximately\n5 miles away. ",
"Each board was numbered with a Roman\nnumeral and reassembled on the farm.",
"\n\nHere is just a little preview of what we offer:\n\nIn the Spring...we have flowers and vegetable plants galore! ",
"The planting season at the farm will have our greenhouses packed full of healthy,lush,green vegetable and flower plants. ",
"We offer a wide selection so you can plant and grow to your hearts content. ",
"Our vegetable plants range from heirloom to garden varieties available. ",
"The plants we grow in our fields are the same plants available to our customers. ",
"Now is the time to fill in your garden and containers with instant color. ",
"To get that finished look come in and fill up with plants that will finish the garden and make it more beautiful!",
"\n\nJust think, you can grow your own vegetables and proudly serve them to your family and friends. ",
"Our flowers are colorful and vigorous to make your garden and yard a thing of beauty. ",
"Linda is busy in the greenhouse this time of year and our friendly and knowledgeable staff is available for questions about planting and growing.",
"\n\nFall and Halloween,aka pumpkin time is an exciting time of year at the farm. ",
"Now is the time to see Bob in the fields tending to his \"specialty\" crops. ",
"Quality pumpkins of every, shape, size and color are available to pick in the fields or in the farm market. ",
"We also grow a multitude of gourds, fall harvest vegetables, straw bales and corn stalks. ",
"We specialize in \"unique varieties and decorations.\" ",
"Cheesequake Farms provides education tours to school children and it is with delight that we teach the children what the autumnal harvest is all about.",
"\n\nCome visit us for the new ZOMBIE ZONE. ",
"Head out for a night of fun shooting zombies from the Zombie Zapper Wagons with paintball guns mounted right on the wagons. ",
"Be ready to fight the onslaught of ZOMBIES...and try not to get infected!",
"\n\nThanksgiving ~Please visit the Farm for All of your Favorite Fall Vegetables, Apple Cider, Pies & Jersey Apples. ",
"We still have plenty of Pumpkins for Thanksgiving Decorations and Baking."
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[
"YOD Yoga Trainings\n\nThe Promise of YOD Yoga 200 Hour Training:\n\nYou will develop the art, techniques and practices of yoga, YOD, meditation and inquiry to create an impact in your life, and the lives of others.",
"\n\nYou will be a confident and impactful leader and teacher of the YOD and vinyasa yoga sequences.",
"\n\nYou will transform and awaken to a life of possibility.",
"\n\nThe What:\n\nIn the YOD Yoga 200 Hour Training you will be immersed in a community of creation, connection and discovery of movement, meditation and self. ",
"You will learn from leaders in the community, from piers in the community, and most of all yourself. ",
"The challenge, rigor and support of this program will empower you to elevate the standards of your whole being."
] | {
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[
"We could not do that. ",
" On the other hand, if we advocate that it should only apply to those who directly benefitted, and the CPUC adopts that reasoning, we would be shooting our tax argument in the foot. ",
" I think you are right that we need to understand the implications, both financially and contractually, of the options before the Commission. ",
" \n\n -----Original Message-----\nFrom: \tDasovich, Jeff \nSent:\tTuesday, October 09, 2001 5:20 PM\nTo:\tWilliams, Robert C.; Mara, Susan; 'mday@gmssr.com'; Steffes, James D.; Wu, Andrew; Smith, Mike\nSubject:\tRE: $.01 surcharge as \"tax\"\n\nThanks. ",
" One other question, which seems like a legal question. ",
" Assume that Enron openly advocates for the PUC to apply the charges to all customers, including ours, understanding that our customers neither benefited from or caused the charges. ",
" If the PUC does it, and we go back to our customers and claim that an indirect tax has been applied, are we in any kind of bind for having pushed for it? ",
" I'm hoping that the answer is no. ",
" Thanks for the info.",
"\n\nBest,\nJeff\n\n -----Original Message-----\nFrom: \tWilliams, Robert C. \nSent:\tTuesday, October 09, 2001 5:11 PM\nTo:\tDasovich, Jeff; Mara, Susan; 'mday@gmssr.com'; Steffes, James D.; Wu, Andrew; Smith, Mike\nSubject:\tFW: $.01 surcharge as \"tax\"\n\na legal memo follows\n\n -----Original Message-----\nFrom: \tWilliams, Robert C. \nSent:\tThursday, August 02, 2001 9:16 AM\nTo:\tMellencamp, Lisa; 'jklauber@llgm.com'\nSubject:\tFW: $.01 surcharge as \"tax\"\n\n\n\n -----Original Message-----\nFrom: \tWilliams, Robert C. \nSent:\tFriday, July 27, 2001 5:47 PM\nTo:\tSharp, Vicki\nSubject:\t$.01 surcharge as \"tax\"\n\nA typical clause reads as follows:\n\n\" 'Taxes' means any and all new or existing governmental or quasi-governmental taxes, assessments, levies, duties, fees, charges and withholdings of any kind or nature whatsoever and howsoever described, including gross receipts, franchise, sales, use , property, excise, capital, stamp, transfer, employment, occupation, generatiion, privilege, Utility Taxes [separately defined to include \"any and all franchise, utility, regulatory, BTU or energy, gross receipts, administrative services, municipality, and utility user taxes and similar taxes and energy resource and municipal land use surcharges and other similar surcharges\"], regulatory, BTU, energy, consumption, lease, transaction, license, filing, recording, and activity taxes, levies, duties, fees, charges and withholdings, together with any and all penalties, fines, interest, and additions thereto, but excluding any taxes on the net income of EESI or any affilitates.\"",
"\n\nUnder the contracts the Buyer is usually responsible for taxes \"applicable to Power at or after the Delivery Point\" (the meter); the Seller is usually responsible for taxes \"applicable prior to the Delivery Point.\" ",
" The surcharge would seem to be applicable \"at the Delivery Point.\"",
"\n\nSupport for the argument that the surcharge is not a \"tax\" under the contracts:\n\n 1. ",
" The CPUC refers to it as a \"rate increase\"\n\n 2. ",
" It was not imposed by a governmental body (such as a state, county, or municipality)\n\n 3. ",
" When first implemented, all proceeds went to the utilities\n\n 4. ",
" It appears that a portion of the proceeds may continue to go to the utilities\n\nSupport for the argument that the surcharge is a \"tax\" under the contracts:\n\n 1. ",
" Since the \"frozen tariff\" remains in place it is disingenuous to refer to it as a \"rate increase\"\n\n 2. ",
" It now appears that the proceeds will go to a governmental entity, the DWR\n\n 3. ",
" The definition of \"taxes\" under the contract is broad and includes surcharges of all types\n\n 4. ",
" To the extent the $.01 surcharge is to pay for generation for bundled customers, those on direct access receive, if anything, only an indirect benefit, which is similar in effect to a tax and not to a rate increase"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "Enron Emails"
} | [
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[
"// +build go1.8\n\npackage sqlx\n\nimport (\n\t\"context\"\n\t\"database/sql\"\n\t\"testing\"\n)\n\nfunc TestNamedContextQueries(t *testing.",
"T) {\n\tRunWithSchema(defaultSchema, t, func(db *DB, t *testing.",
"T) {\n\t\tloadDefaultFixture(db, t)\n\t\ttest := Test{t}\n\t\tvar ns *NamedStmt\n\t\tvar err error\n\n\t\tctx := context.",
"Background()\n\n\t\t// Check that invalid preparations fail\n\t\tns, err = db.",
"PrepareNamedContext(ctx, \"SELECT * FROM person WHERE first_name=:first:name\")\n\t\tif err == nil {\n\t\t\tt.Error(\"Expected an error with invalid prepared statement.\")",
"\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tns, err = db.",
"PrepareNamedContext(ctx, \"invalid sql\")\n\t\tif err == nil {\n\t\t\tt.Error(\"Expected an error with invalid prepared statement.\")",
"\n\t\t}\n\n\t\t// Check closing works as anticipated\n\t\tns, err = db.",
"PrepareNamedContext(ctx, \"SELECT * FROM person WHERE first_name=:first_name\")\n\t\ttest.",
"Error(err)\n\t\terr = ns.",
"Close()\n\t\ttest.",
"Error(err)\n\n\t\tns, err = db.",
"PrepareNamedContext(ctx, `\n\t\t\tSELECT first_name, last_name, email\n\t\t\tFROM person WHERE first_name=:first_name AND email=:email`)\n\t\ttest.",
"Error(err)\n\n\t\t// test Queryx w/ uses Query\n\t\tp := Person{FirstName: \"Jason\", LastName: \"Moiron\", Email: \"jmoiron@jmoiron.net\"}\n\n\t\trows, err := ns.",
"QueryxContext(ctx, p)\n\t\ttest.",
"Error(err)\n\t\tfor rows.",
"Next() {\n\t\t\tvar p2 Person\n\t\t\trows.",
"StructScan(&p2)\n\t\t\tif p.FirstName !",
"= p2.FirstName {\n\t\t\t\tt.Errorf(\"got %s, expected %s\", p.FirstName, p2.FirstName)\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tif p.LastName !",
"= p2.LastName {\n\t\t\t\tt.Errorf(\"got %s, expected %s\", p.LastName, p2.LastName)\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tif p.Email !",
"= p2.Email {\n\t\t\t\tt.Errorf(\"got %s, expected %s\", p.Email, p2.Email)\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\n\t\t// test Select\n\t\tpeople := make([]Person, 0, 5)\n\t\terr = ns.",
"SelectContext(ctx, &people, p)\n\t\ttest.",
"Error(err)\n\n\t\tif len(people) !",
"= 1 {\n\t\t\tt.Errorf(\"got %d results, expected %d\", len(people), 1)\n\t\t}\n\t\tif p.FirstName !",
"= people[0].FirstName {\n\t\t\tt.Errorf(\"got %s, expected %s\", p.FirstName, people[0].FirstName)\n\t\t}\n\t\tif p.LastName !",
"= people[0].LastName {\n\t\t\tt.Errorf(\"got %s, expected %s\", p.LastName, people[0].LastName)\n\t\t}\n\t\tif p.Email !",
"= people[0].Email {\n\t\t\tt.Errorf(\"got %s, expected %s\", p.Email, people[0].Email)\n\t\t}\n\n\t\t// test Exec\n\t\tns, err = db.",
"PrepareNamedContext(ctx, `\n\t\t\tINSERT INTO person (first_name, last_name, email)\n\t\t\tVALUES (:first_name, :last_name, :email)`)\n\t\ttest.",
"Error(err)\n\n\t\tjs := Person{\n\t\t\tFirstName: \"Julien\",\n\t\t\tLastName: \"Savea\",\n\t\t\tEmail: \"jsavea@ab.co.nz\",\n\t\t}\n\t\t_, err = ns.",
"ExecContext(ctx, js)\n\t\ttest.",
"Error(err)\n\n\t\t// Make sure we can pull him out again\n\t\tp2 := Person{}\n\t\tdb.",
"GetContext(ctx, &p2, db.",
"Rebind(\"SELECT * FROM person WHERE email=?\"), ",
"js.",
"Email)\n\t\tif p2.Email !",
"= js.",
"Email {\n\t\t\tt.Errorf(\"expected %s, got %s\", js.",
"Email, p2.Email)\n\t\t}\n\n\t\t// test Txn NamedStmts\n\t\ttx := db.",
"MustBeginTx(ctx, nil)\n\t\ttxns := tx.",
"NamedStmtContext(ctx, ns)\n\n\t\t// We're going to add Steven in this txn\n\t\tsl := Person{\n\t\t\tFirstName: \"Steven\",\n\t\t\tLastName: \"Luatua\",\n\t\t\tEmail: \"sluatua@ab.co.nz\",\n\t\t}\n\n\t\t_, err = txns.",
"ExecContext(ctx, sl)\n\t\ttest.",
"Error(err)\n\t\t// then rollback...\n\t\ttx.",
"Rollback()\n\t\t// looking for Steven after a rollback should fail\n\t\terr = db.",
"GetContext(ctx, &p2, db.",
"Rebind(\"SELECT * FROM person WHERE email=?\"), ",
"sl.",
"Email)\n\t\tif err !",
"= sql.",
"ErrNoRows {\n\t\t\tt.Errorf(\"expected no rows error, got %v\", err)\n\t\t}\n\n\t\t// now do the same, but commit\n\t\ttx = db.",
"MustBeginTx(ctx, nil)\n\t\ttxns = tx.",
"NamedStmtContext(ctx, ns)\n\t\t_, err = txns.",
"ExecContext(ctx, sl)\n\t\ttest.",
"Error(err)\n\t\ttx.",
"Commit()\n\n\t\t// looking for Steven after a Commit should succeed\n\t\terr = db.",
"GetContext(ctx, &p2, db.",
"Rebind(\"SELECT * FROM person WHERE email=?\"), ",
"sl.",
"Email)\n\t\ttest.",
"Error(err)\n\t\tif p2.Email !",
"= sl.",
"Email {\n\t\t\tt.Errorf(\"expected %s, got %s\", sl.",
"Email, p2.Email)\n\t\t}\n\n\t})\n}\n"
] | {
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[
"A distributed storage system may include a plurality of storage devices (e.g., storage arrays) to provide data storage to a plurality of nodes. ",
"The plurality of storage devices and the plurality of nodes may be situated in the same physical location, or in one or more physically remote locations. ",
"The plurality of nodes may be coupled to the storage devices by a high-speed interconnect, such as a switch fabric."
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"Rafael Nieves\n\nRafael Nieves (born January 24, 1960) is an American comic book writer and designer, with over thirty years experience in the field. ",
" He began his career with the publication of Tales from the Heart, first published by Entropy Enterprises before moving, with issue #3, to Slave Labor Graphics.",
"\n\nThe series, co-written with Cindy Goff, and based on her experiences, told the story of Cathy Grant, a Peace Corps volunteer stationed in Central Africa in the 1980s, chronicling her trials and tribulations as a \"stranger in a strange land.\" ",
"It was illustrated by artist William \"Seitu\" Hayden.",
"\n\nTales from the Heart spawned two full-color one-shots published by Epic Comics, Marvel Comics' creator-owner label, and the latter, Bloodlines, was nominated for two Eisner Awards in 1993 (Best Single Issue, Self-Contained Story; and Best Graphic Album — New).",
"\n\nSince then, Nieves has worked for a number of publishers, including Marvel Comics (Hellstorm, Prince of Lies), Caliber Comics (Orlak, Edgar Allan Poe's The Bells), Comico Comics/Northstar (Cold-Blooded), Moonstone Books (The Phantom, Welcome Back, Mr. Moto, Vampire: The Masquerade) and Transfuzion Publishing (The Apocalypse Plan) .",
"\n\nHe has self-published a number of titles, like Bob Howard: Plumber of the Unknown (with artist Dan Dougherty), the yearly anthology 10/31 (with various contributors), Forgotten Lore, a compendium of short comics stories (with various artists), and Grace Before The Fall (with Antonio Maldonado and Ken Wolak).",
"\n\nNieves lives in Berwyn, Illinois, just outside Chicago,Q with his wife, one of two daughters, a dog and a cat, and when he isn't toiling on making repairs to the couple's 80-year-old bungalow, he likes to read and watch movies on various streaming services.",
"\n\nReferences\n\nSources \n Zona Negativa\n Komikwerks\n Comics Alliance\n\nExternal links \n Rafwrites\n The Apocalypse Plan\n\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:1960 births\nCategory:American comics writers"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} | [
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[
"Colombia: time to invoke the cessation clause?",
"\n\nAfter more than five decades of internal armed conflict, in November 2016 the Colombian government signed a peace agreement with the FARC-EP. ",
"Does this mean that those Colombians who had been forced to leave the country must now begin to return?",
"\n\nInternational refugee protection – as well as other forms of international protection – is designed to be temporary. ",
"The ‘cessation clause’ included in the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, its Protocol and other international instruments in this area provides for four scenarios in which international protection may come to an end.[1] One of these occurs when the country of origin experiences a profound change of circumstances which is significant enough to remove the causes that prompted its people to flee. ",
"Once those causes vanish, host countries (and UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency) can declare the end of the provision of international protection and require the refugees to return, while the country of origin is obliged to resume its responsibility for their protection. ",
"The question now arises as to whether the signing of the peace agreement in Colombia will entail the cessation clause being invoked by countries that host Colombians either as refugees or as beneficiaries of some other type of international protection.",
"\n\nAccording to UNHCR’s interpretation, the change of circumstances requires the conjunction of three elements. ",
"Firstly, it must be sufficiently profound to resolve the causes that caused the displacement. ",
"Secondly, it must be sustainable over time, guaranteeing that those who return will not be forced again to flee. ",
"And, lastly, those who return must have effective access to protection in the country of origin.[2]\n\nThese conditions are not currently present in the Colombian case. ",
"Forced displacement in this country has multiple causes, and the government’s peace agreement with one of the guerrilla forces – the FARC-EP[3] – does not necessarily resolve all the factors that caused the displacement, nor does it imply the full establishment of conditions of security for the return of exiles, as vast territories of Colombia are now controlled by violent criminal gangs.[4] Moreover, there is still one guerrilla group active, the ELN.[5]\n\nReasons to invoke cessation\n\nUNHCR’s interpretation, however, is not binding in law. ",
"Host countries may choose to ignore it and invoke cessation. ",
"In the case of those countries hosting the largest numbers of Colombian refugees (Venezuela, Ecuador and Panama), there are good reasons why this might be a strong possibility.",
"\n\nVenezuela, which by December 2016 was hosting nearly 173,000 Colombians, has been experiencing a profound economic and political crisis. ",
"The Venezuelan authorities may therefore be tempted to get rid of a population that consumes public resources and is perceived as responsible for increased insecurity. ",
"The mass expulsion of Colombians in an irregular situation that took place in August 2015 reflected these sentiments. ",
"Ecuador, hosting over 101,000 Colombians, is facing economic difficulties too; it has asked for help from the Colombian government in order to be able to continue offering protection to the refugees, and has taken steps to prevent the increase in size of this population. ",
"In 2012, for example, Ecuador’s laws were modified in order to restrict the concept of refugee.[6] Finally, Panama, which hosts just over 17,000 refugees, is experiencing an economic slowdown, according to the World Bank, and in the past has cited the size of the burden it carries in caring for and protecting Colombian refugees.",
"\n\nAdditionally, it should be noted that in the past, Ecuador and Venezuela were particularly open to the arrival of Colombian refugees because of the heightened tension between them and their neighbour Colombia. ",
"Nowadays the dynamics of these relationships have changed, diminishing the political and strategic value of taking in Colombian refugees.",
"\n\nGuaranteeing protection\n\nColombia’s Binational Commissions with Ecuador, Costa Rica and Venezuela and its Neighbourhood Commission with Panama offer opportunities for the government to negotiate agreements in order to avoid the imminent invocation of cessation. ",
"Through the Binational Commission with Ecuador, agreements have already been reached regarding the care of this population and the implementation of a voluntary return plan. ",
"It is essential, however, to expand negotiations and to speed up the decision-making process, not only to avoid the cessation clause being invoked but also to reach agreements on how to ensure the well-being of those who, at the time, had no choice but to leave their country or lose their lives. ",
"Joint voluntary return plans will increasingly be needed as Colombia’s situation stabilises and becomes more conducive to offering a safe return for those who wish it.",
"\n\nUNHCR has an important role to play in all this. ",
"Firstly, it is UNHCR’s job to monitor compliance with the guidelines relating to cessation. ",
"Secondly, UNHCR can facilitate negotiations between the States. ",
"And, finally, UNHCR can support voluntary return schemes, reminding national authorities that the population choosing to return must be fully informed of the conditions they will encounter in Colombia, and that their security and rights must be fully guaranteed.",
"\n\n[2] UNHCR (2003) Guidelines on International Protection No. ",
"3: Cessation of Refugee Status under Article 1C(5) and (6) of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees (the ‘Ceased Circumstances’ Clauses), HCR/GIP/03/03 www.refworld.org/docid/3e50de6b4.html\n\n[6] Decree 1,182 of 2012 replaced the broader notion of refugee, which included persons fleeing situations of armed conflict and widespread violence without demanding proof of individual persecution, by a definition based on the original, more narrow 1951 Convention definition.",
"\n\nBook traversal links for Colombia: time to invoke the cessation clause?",
"\n\nDisclaimer\nOpinions in FMR do not necessarily reflect the views of the Editors, the Refugee Studies Centre or the University of Oxford.",
"CopyrightFMR is an Open Access publication. ",
"Users are free to read, download, copy, distribute, print or link to the full texts of articles published in FMR and on the FMR website, as long as the use is for non-commercial purposes and the author and FMR are attributed. ",
"Unless otherwise indicated, all articles published in FMR in print and online, and FMR itself, are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND) licence. ",
"Details at www.fmreview.org/copyright."
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[
"Jan, 21, 2015\n\nUFC Fight Night in Boston Draws Largest Audience Ever for MMA on Fox Sports 1 By: C.J. Tuttle When it comes to Conor McGregor and television ratings, no headliner has ever drawn more eyeballs on Fox Sports 1 than “Notorious” and his..."
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[
"Property Address:. ",
"Avonmouth Parklands, BloubergBRAND NEW, spacious topfloor apartment in secure complex. ",
"The unit offers open plan lounge and dining area overlooking balcony with beautiful mountain views. ",
"Three double volume bedrooms tiles through out with built in cupboards. ",
"Family bathroom and main bedroom en-suite. ",
"Pre paid electricity and pre paid water. ",
"Secure parking bay and single lock up ...\n\nProperty Address:. ",
"Gie Parklands, BloubergSecure duplex in well maintained complex on The My City bus route. ",
"The property offers open plan lounge and dining room with guest toilet. ",
"One bedroom down stairs and two bedroom with two bathrooms up stairs.",
"Paved patio in front of the house with built in braai. ",
"Single lock up garage. ",
"Cats welcome no dogs allowed.",
"Available From: 01/12/2018# Reception Rooms ...\n\nVery well designed family home3 Bedrooms with large windows and BIC2 Bathrooms, of witch 1 is en-suitOpen plan kitchen that over looks the loungeLounge come dining room lead to the covered patio that has a built in braai, which also flows to a paved low maintenance garden.",
"Lovely splash pool and a thatched bar area.",
"Double garage with doors leading to the lounge.",
"Electrical fencing and cam on the gat ...\n\nProperty Address:Parklands, Cape TownThis two bedroom apartment is conveniently situated close to MyCiti Bus routes and all amenities. ",
"This property offers:Spacious open plan lounge and kitchen, full bathroom and built in cupboards in both bedrooms.2 Bedrooms1 Family bathroomOpen plan living area and kitchenOne secure ParkingAvailable immediately. ",
"Rental R6 200 per monthPrepaid electricity water ...\n\nThis town house is situated in a quiet gated security complex and is perfect for a family looking for a lock up and go lifestyle while also enjoying peace and quiet. ",
"Downstairs is the tiled lounge and dining area which leads onto the pet friendly enclosed garden. (",
"small dogs only) The kitchen is open plan overlooking the dining area and has ample cupboard space, built in oven and hob with extracto ...\n\nSimply special and immaculate this family home is a dream come true. ",
"It offers excellent security, awesome flow and comprises:-Tiled formal lounge with Jetmaster fireplaceTiled TV/entertainment room with access to manageable gardenSeparate Dining room Modern, well fitted kitchen with built on oven & hob and plumbed for appliances3 spacious bedrooms under laminate flooring2 perfect bathrooms - mes ...\n\nThis modern double storey home situated within a security complex of only 12 units, offers clean, modern feel with the pale grey walls and white through out.",
"Downstairs the living area has a sliding door opening on to the patio and built in braai with small garden. ",
"The unit is pet friendly, for a max of 2 small dogs or two cats)The open plan dining area off the living area opens up to the modern k ...\n\nProperty Address:86 Breckenridge RoadParklands North, BLAAUWBERGUnfurnished three bedroom and two bathroom home with study nook. ",
"Spacious open plan kitchen, living and dining area. ",
"Scullery plumbed for two under counter water appliances. ",
"Main bedroom en suite with full bathroom and double sinks. ",
"All bedrooms have built-in cupboards.",
"Available immediatelyDouble automated garageElectric fencePet frie ...\n\nRespond to this advert online.",
"Book into a viewing from your email.",
"Meet the landlord at the property.----------A modern, spacious, 4 bedroom family home in a secure area.",
"The property is in great condition and also includes a spacious garden and braai place, and is situated in a friendly neighborhood. ",
"Parking: 2 garage parking spots, 1 additional secure parking bay and 2 off-street parking spaces.",
"Se ...\n\nProperty Address:11 Villa RougeHelmsley CrescentParklands, Cape Town 7441This lovely and spacious duplex is situated in a security complex in Parklands and consists of a lovely tiled lounge with French doors opening up onto enclosed patio with stacking sliding doors opening up onto a decked out low maintenance garden with jacuzzi. ",
"The kitchen is open plan and fitted with an oven, hob & extractor ...\n\nRespond to this advert online.",
"Book into a viewing from your email.",
"Meet the landlord at the property.----------We're renting out our home! ",
"This lovely 73-sqm 2-bedroom duplex boasts a full kitchen with ample cupboard space, a small private garden and a guest loo downstairs. ",
"The upstairs has 2 bedrooms that share a bathroom with both a shower and a bath. ",
"Security features: Burglar bars fitted on all ...\n\nProperty Address:2 ChippenhamParklands, BloubergHome is where the heart is!This very neat, cosy and secure duplex townhouse was just recently renovated – completely repainted and garden redone + so much more…. ",
"Offers:• 3 bedrooms (carpeted),• 2 bathrooms,• Guest toilet,• Kitchen with lots of cupboards (new fitted oven/hob),• Extra storage next to the kitchen,• Large open plan living area –laminat ..."
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"Withdrawal of cardiac medications and devices.",
"\nWithdrawal of life-sustaining therapies such as cardiac medications, pacemakers, internal cardioverter defibrillators, and ventricular assist devices occurs in patients with advanced cardiac disease as goals of treatment transition from active to less aggressive. ",
"This article defines life-sustaining therapies and describes ethical and legal considerations related to withdrawal of cardiac medications and cardiac devices. ",
"Healthcare providers need to anticipate clinical situations in which implantable cardiac devices and medications are no longer desired by patients and/or are no longer medically appropriate. ",
"Discussions are important between patients, families, and healthcare providers that focus on each patient's condition, prognosis, advance directives, goals of care, and treatment options. ",
"Critical care nurses support each patient and his or her family and work with other members of the healthcare team to achieve a peaceful death."
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"Sleep disordered breathing in children--a review and the role of a pediatric dentist.",
"\nAmong the many factors important in children's development is sleep. ",
"Sleep disorders can impair children's sleep and lead to negative consequences. ",
"The most common sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in children is obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). ",
"One of the main causes of childhood SDB is enlargement of the tonsil tissues and, in most cases, their removal serves as an ultimate treatment of SDB. ",
"However, it remains unclear what proportion of children with enlarged tonsil tissue suffer from SDB. ",
"Dentists are becoming increasingly aware of the issue of SDB as they are sometimes involved in treatment of this condition using oral appliances. ",
"Moreover, as dentists often look into children's mouths, they can play an active role in identifying those with enlarged tonsils and referring them for sleep assessment. ",
"This review focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of SDB and also on the utility of oral appliances in the management of this disorder."
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"Prevalence of anti-poliovirus type 1, 2 and 3 antibodies in unvaccinated Italian travelers.",
"\nImmunization against poliomyelitis is recommended for international travelers to developing countries. ",
"However, the level of antibodies varies even in previously unvaccinated persons, due to wild-type or vaccine-type infections in the eldest travelers. ",
"In 1999, we conducted a seroprevalence study in the Lombardy region (northern Italy), using sera collected in 1994 from a population aged 50 to 59 years. ",
"The study subjects were consecutive, randomly selected travelers enrolled in an anti-hepatitis A virus antibody study. ",
"Neutralizing antibodies were titrated on Vero cells in microtiter plates. ",
"Each serum dilution (1:8 to 1:256) was challenged against 100 tissue culture infective doses of the three Sabin strains. ",
"Titers> 1:8 were considered to be protective. ",
"We studied 98 travelers, 59 male and 39 female, of mean age 54 years. ",
"Seventy-three (74.4%) reported previous travel abroad, but none had been vaccinated against polio. ",
"Dietary habits included consumption of seafood in 74.4% and raw vegetables from their own garden in 52.1%. ",
"The seroprevalences for neutralizing antibodies against poliovirus type 1, type 2 and type 3 were 86.7%, 89.9%, and 86.7%, respectively. ",
"All travelers presented protective antibody titers against at least one of the three viral types. ",
"Protective antibody titers were unrelated to travel history or dietary habit. ",
"A high proportion of the previously unvaccinated adults in our sample presented protective immunity to polioviruses. ",
"This observation may have implications for cost-effectiveness analysis of generalized polio vaccination in adult Italian travelers."
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"Assessment of disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease; relevance for clinical trials.",
"\nIn patients with inflammatory bowel disease, assessment of disease activity is important in order to monitor and adjust therapy. ",
"In individual patients, disease evaluation is largely based on subjective symptoms. ",
"However, for disease evaluation in clinical trials, an objective and reproducible disease activity index is needed. ",
"At present, a number of activity indices are available for Crohn's disease and for ulcerative colitis. ",
"These indices may be distinguished in more subjective clinical indices, more objective endoscopic and histological indices, and in indices with combinations of both subjective and objective parameters. ",
"In the design of a new clinical trial, an appropriate disease activity index should be selected which is based on the patient selection criteria and the aims of the study."
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[
"One of the more ambitious goals during the June 5, Oxnard City Council budget workshop was the establishment of a year-round homeless shelter in the city.",
"\n\nInterim City Manager Scott Whitney said the city would fund approximately $500,000 annually for operational costs.",
"\n\nHe said the county is willing to match funding with cities that are willing to address the homelessness issue.",
"\n\nThe latest estimate is there are between 450-500 people who are homeless and unsheltered in the city.",
"\n\nMark Alvarado with the Oxnard Housing Department told the council they have embarked on a plan that will change the game, regarding homelessness.",
"\n\n\"The core of the five-year plan to address homelessness is the shelter, but it's not just the shelter,\" he said. \"",
"It's also a navigation center, an outreach center; it's a place where they will provide social services, mental health services, medical referrals, workforce training opportunities, and education, as well as lodging hygiene and nutrition. ",
"The goal is to build a one-stop shop, so our homeless will have an option. ",
"Right now, there is no option.\"",
"\n\nHe said they have been trying to enforce their way out of the issue, and that is not the right approach.",
"\n\nAlvarado said they would use the Measure O funding on the table for leverage.",
"\n\n\"Where the county has stepped up to help match that, so we can put together a package,\" he said. \"",
"We're looking at building or acquiring a facility anywhere from 10,000 square feet or a little bit more so that we can have adequate space to house a minimum of 150 beds.\"",
"\n\nAlvarado called it an ambitious task.",
"\n\n\"It's what we have to do,\" he said. \"",
"We need to provide more options and some more trust in what we're trying to do.\"",
"\n\nHe said they also need to help the business community.",
"\n\n\"We hear it from all angles,\" he said.",
"\n\nThe key to the plan, he said, is even if they build the hub, the other piece of the idea is the comprehensive outreach and working with the service providers.",
"\n\n\"So we use that Federal money, the HUD (US Department of Housing and Urban Development) money, the ESG (Emergency Solutions Grant) money to help do the outreach,\" he said.",
"\n\nAlvarado said they would also work with the mental health and the police departments to build relationships with chronic homeless individuals.",
"\n\n\"So they will be able to find shelter and use the navigation center and develop a pathway,\" he said. \"",
"On the opposite end is the housing, the bridge housing or the sustainable housing opportunities that is all part of the five-year plan.\"",
"\n\nCouncilman Bert Perello asked if Alvardo had a time frame for the council to follow.",
"\n\n\"As part of the five-year plan, there is an evaluation piece associated with that,\" he said. \"",
"The five-year plan will be revisited every year to be refreshed, reviewed, and see if there is anything that needs repair.",
"\n\nHe said it is the best way to move forward.",
"\n\n\"We're using the five-year plan as an evaluation tool simultaneously to give you something to chew on annually,\" Alvarado said.",
"\n\nThe measure, he said, is to get the homeless off the streets and get them the care they need.",
"\n\n\"It's the unsheltered we're trying to get off the street,\" he said.",
"\n\nMayor Tim Flynn complimented the housing department and Alvarado.",
"\n\n\"They've made a lot of progress,\" he said. \"",
"There is a lot of work that has been done.\"",
"\n\nHe said the field trip the city took to San Diego left everyone with a vision of what they can and should do.",
"\n\n\"There are many community partners that willing to assist Oxnard with this effort,\" he said.",
"\n\nMayor Pro Tem Carmen Ramirez called it great work.",
"\n\n\"We attended the lunch that Peggy Rivera from the homeless commission put together and it was very encouraging to see so many people,\" she said.",
"\n\nDuring public comments, Pat Brown said she lives on the east side of downtown Oxnard.",
"\n\n\"The homeless people torture us,\" she said. \"",
"They pile in all their crap so we can't get in and out of the gates (in our community). ",
"They try and scare our little kids when they come home from school on a bus; they (the kids) can't get out of the bus because all these people crowd around our entrance.\"",
"\n\nShe said they need the gate for protection.",
"\n\n\"We find them inside the gate at night trying to find a place to sleep,\" Brown said. \"",
"They hop into the big trash dumpsters, and they poop in there.\""
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"Q:\n\nChanging the angle in glm::perspective reflects the object\n\nI was drawing 2 cubes on the screen and I realized that my object behaves really weird when I changed the angle in the perspective matrix, here is my code\nglClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);\n\nglUseProgram(programID);\nGLuint mvp = glGetUniformLocation(programID, \"MVP\");\nglm::mat4 Projection = glm::perspective(45.0f, 4.0f / 3.0f, 0.1f, 10.0f);\nglm::mat4 translate = glm::translate(glm::mat4(1.0f), vec3(-2.0f, 0.0f, -5.0f));\nglm::mat4 rotate = glm::rotate(glm::mat4(1.0f), 54.0f, vec3(-1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));\n\nglm::mat4 MVP = Projection * translate * rotate;\n\nglUniformMatrix4fv(mvp, 1, GL_FALSE, &MVP[0][0]);\n\nglDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, numOfIndices, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, nullptr);\n\ntranslate = glm::translate(glm::mat4(1.0f), vec3(3.0f, 0.0f, -6.0f));\nrotate = glm::rotate(glm::mat4(1.0f), 54.0f, vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f));\n\nMVP = Projection * translate * rotate;\n\nglUniformMatrix4fv(mvp, 1, GL_FALSE, &MVP[0][0]);\n\nglDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, numOfIndices, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, nullptr);\n\nThe 2 cubes share the same projection matrix but different translate and rotation matrix. ",
"Here is my shader\n#version 430\n\nin layout(location=0) vec3 position;\nin layout(location=1) vec3 color;\n\nuniform mat4 MVP;\n\nout vec3 theColor;\n\nvoid main(){\n gl_Position = MVP * vec4(position,1.0f);\n theColor = color;\n}\n\nthe shader just times the MVP matrix by the position vertex. ",
"When I ran the code with 45.0f for degree in perspective matrix I got this:\n\nand then when I ran it with 55.0f I got this:\n\nit seems like I got behind the object and looks at them from there, and when I did 50.0f it closed up and I can only see the corner of one of the cube.",
"\n\nA:\n\nOkay I figured it out, glm::perspective takes radian as it's first argument so I should've wrote (3.14f/180.0f) * 45.0f rather than just 45.0f\n\n"
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"Cellcept: A Promising New Immunosuppressive Drug\n\nIn February 1997, the FDA approved a new drug, mycophenolate mofetil (MFM, also known as Cellcept) with an approved indication for use in immunosuppression of patients that have received renal transplants, to prevent graft rejection. ",
"MFM is actually a new variant of a drug that has been studied for about 20 years. ",
"The active metabolite, Mycophenolic acid (MPA) had been used in the past for the treatment of severe recalcitrant psoriasis.",
"\n\nAlthough MPA was shown to be a useful drug, it was withdrawn due to a high incidence of side effects, primarily infections such as herpes zoster (\"shingles\") and gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea and stomach discomfort. ",
"MFM is the reformulated product that does not have these same drawbacks, and has better bioavailability than MFA.",
"\n\nThis drug is commonly used in combination with cyclosporin and corticosteroids to prevent renal graft rejection. ",
"However, the role of MFM in immunologic-mediated skin diseases such as pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid seems to be promising. ",
"For example, its therapeutic profile and toxicities make it an attractive substitute for azathioprine (Imuran) in several circumstances.",
"\n\nFor example, it could be useful in those patients who can not tolerate azathioprine due to nausea or hepatotoxic reactions, or in those patients who are at risk for azathioprine-induced toxicities due to deficiency of the enzyme thiopurine methyl transferase. ",
"The drug may have some advantages over azathioprine, in that it may be less mutagenic than azathioprine. ",
"That means that it may confer a lower risk of malignancies such as leukemia or lymphoma arising as a result of its use. ",
"This advantage is not proven, however, and it may be a very long time before this possible advantage can be substantiated. ",
"It is also not clear as yet whether it is actually as effective in practice as is azathioprine.",
"\n\nThere are some early encouraging reports of its usefulness, referenced at the end of this article. ",
"Reports from Germany show that it is effective, when used in combination with Prednisone, in pemphigus vulgaris. ",
"Our own experience has shown that some patients who can not tolerate azathioprine (usually due to nausea or abnormal liver enzymes) will tolerate MFM. ",
"Several patients have shown a good response to the drug, but in a couple of others it is not yet clear how effective it will be in suppressing activity of the pemphigus. ",
"We have not observed any serious side effects from the drug as yet. ",
"MFM is always used in combination with Prednisone. ",
"There is some early experience that it can be used without Prednisone to control some cases of bullous pemphigoid, but pemphigoid is quite different from pemphigus. ",
"There is no reasonable expectation that MFM could be used as monotherapy (without concurrent use of Prednisone) in pemphigus vulgaris. ",
"It is however, important to recognize that MFM is an additional agent that now can be considered for use in control of pemphigus vulgaris. ",
"For those who are interested in more details, some technical data and references follow.",
"\n\nMFM is an ethylester of mycophenolic acid which is metabolized to the active drug mycophenolic acid (MPA). ",
"MPA is a product of several Penicillium species. ",
"This immunomodulatory drug selectively inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) in the denovo pathway of purine synthesis. ",
"This enzyme converts inosine monophosphate to xanthine monophosphate, an intermediate metabolite in the synthesis of guanosine triphosphate. ",
"This drug is more active in its inhibition of the type II isoform of IMPDH, which is found mostly in lymphocytes, and thus inhibits purine synthesis with potent cytostatic effects on both T and B lymphocytes. ",
"Lymphocytes are quite susceptible to this drug effect, for they minimally utilize the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase salvage pathway for purine synthesis. ",
"Through these actions, MFM inhibits lymphocyte proliferation and antibody formation. ",
"This drug also inhibits leukocyte recruitment and glycosylation of lymphocyte glycoproteins involved in adhesion to endothelial cells. ",
"The drug is rapidly absorbed after oral administration, and antacids and cholestyramine may decrease its absorption. ",
"Around 5% of the drug is bound to albumin. ",
"It is nearly completely metabolized by glucuronyl transferase and over 90% of the drug is eliminated by the kidneys . ",
"The MFM glucuronide metabolite, which is increased in renal failure, increases MFM clearance by competing for its binding sites on albumin. ",
"MFM pharmacokinetics seems not to be affected by the concomitant administration of CsA.\n\nThe usual dose is one gm. ",
"every 12 hours. ",
"Potential side effects include nausea, stomach upset, vomiting, and diarrhea. ",
"There is no increase in nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, hypertension, or neurotoxicity when MFM is used in conjunction with CsA and costicosteroids. ",
"Severe leukopenia (decrease in white cell count) has been reported in less than 3% of MFM-treated patients.",
"\n\nAn increased incidence of lymphoproliferative diseases and lymphoma is reported with its use, as is some predisposition for infectious complications, but it is not established whether these are lower than those observed with the use of azathioprine.",
"\n\nAbout IPPF\n\nThe International Pemphigus & Pemphigoid Foundation’s most important objectives are to provide patients and doctors worldwide with information about pemphigus and pemphigoid, and to provide patients and their caregivers much needed comfort and support so they can continue to live active, productive lives.",
"Read more »"
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"On Thu, Feb 19, 2004 at 01:21:23PM -0500, Joey Hess wrote:\n> Matt Zimmerman wrote:\n> > The principal difference being that $@ is a string, while the exception\n> > raised in Matthias' is a real exception. ",
"This means that various error\n> > conditions can be handled programmatically, rather than aborting with an\n> > error message.",
"\n>\n> $@ can be an exception object if you want it to be. ",
"perldoc -f die\nAnd see liberror-perl for a module which adds all the try, catch,\nfinally syntactic sugar and the root of an exception hierarchy.",
"\nNow that I'm posting anyway, I might as well react to the rest of the\nthread...\nPerl is a full-blown language, with a rich history and culture. ",
"Yes, you\ncan learn a subset pretty quick if you know shell, C, or awk.",
"\nIt can also be very maintainable, object-oriented and all. ",
"That doesn't\nmagically happen though. ",
"Perl doesn't transform a (cgi) scripter into an\nOO architect all by itself.",
"\nLearning the language also means accepting the seemingly weird symbols\nlike $_, $@ and <=>. ",
"I can still remember wondering what the hell the\nrepeating repetition and the squigly mean in C++'s\nMyclass::Myclass() {}\nMyclass::~Myclass() {}\nbut I accept them. ",
"You don't have to like it, you can just use another\nlanguage. ",
"But don't accuse the language of being unreadable or\nunmaintainable just because you don't want to learn it.",
"\nGetting back to the OP's problem, what language to pick for a new\nproject:\nLook a the communities surrounding the languages. ",
"www.perlmonks.org is\nparticularly helpful in the perl world. ",
"Browse search.cpan.org to see\nwhat libraries are available. ",
"Witness the extremely good support you get\nfrom the perl5-porters mailinglist when you manage to find a bug in perl\nitself.",
"\nBut by all means: try them out. ",
"You're lucky to be able to choose\nwithout prejudice.",
"\n--\nBart."
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"Registration of Forensic Medical Practitioners. ",
"The expression of a standard.",
"\nThe Council for the Registration of Forensic Practitioners (CRFP) has been set up, in the wake of high profile miscarriages of justice, to promote confidence in forensic practice in the UK. ",
"Its Governing Council consists of users, practitioners and lay members. ",
"It will publish a register of competent practitioners; set standards for them; and deal with practitioners whose fitness to practise is questioned. ",
"Registration will be based on an assessment of competence by peer review. ",
"Revalidation will follow every 4 years (the General Medical Council's new proposals involve a 5-year revalidation). ",
"There are significant advantages in these proposals for forensic medical practitioners over and above existing regulatory arrangements."
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"Mutant ATP-binding RNA aptamers reveal the structural basis for ligand binding.",
"\nThe solution structure of the ATP-binding RNA aptamer has recently been determined by NMR spectroscopy. ",
"The three-dimensional fold of the molecule is determined to a large extent by stacking and hydrogen bond interactions. ",
"In the course of the structure determination it was discovered that several highly conserved nucleotides in the binding pocket can be substituted while retaining binding under NMR conditions. ",
"These surprising findings allow a closer look at the interactions that determine stability and specificity of the aptamer as well as local structural features of the molecule. ",
"The binding properties of ATP binder mutants and modified ligand molecules are explored using NMR spectroscopy, column binding studies and molecular modeling. ",
"We present additional evidence and new insights regarding the network of hydrogen bonds that defines the structure and determines stability and specificity of the aptamer."
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"Santi Bernardo e Margherita a Fonseca\n\nSanti Bernardo e Margherita a Fonseca is a former Roman Catholic church and convent located on Via San Giuseppe dei Nudi and Vico San Margherita a Fonseca, adjacent to the deconsecrated convent of the Santissimo Sacramento in the quartiere of Stella of Naples, Italy.",
"\n\nHistory\nThe church was built in 1634, and was acquired by the nuns from the adjacent convent. ",
"The structure underwent refurbishment in the early 18th century. ",
"The church was restructured between 1725 and 1732 by Giovanni Battista Nauclerio.",
"\n\nAfter the suppression of the religious orders in 1809, the convent was used as a jail. ",
"In 1820, it was given to the Archconfraternity della Vita. ",
"In 1859, it was conceded to the Order of Knights Hospitaller, who now maintain a hospital at the convent. ",
"The interiors still retain some of the late-Baroque architecture decoration, including stucco-work.",
"\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Roman Catholic churches in Naples\nCategory:Baroque architecture in Naples\nCategory:18th-century Roman Catholic church buildings\nCategory:Roman Catholic churches completed in 1732"
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"Microgranular acute promyelocytic leukemia: a proposed role for a greater deformability of the leukemic cell.",
"\nA case of microgranular acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), M-3 variant, is reported in a boy aged 5 years. ",
"The disease, which was rapidly fatal, presented with acute disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and leukocytosis. ",
"Different cytomorphologic subtypes of promyelocytes were identified on the basis of cytoplasmic granular patterns: the microgranular type with barely visible cytoplasmic granulations and deeply basophilic cytoplasm and the more characteristic type with large promyelocytes containing azurophil granules. ",
"We observed a ratio of large promyelocytes to microgranular promyelocytes of 1:1.2 in the marrow and 1:4 in the peripheral blood. ",
"To explain this discrepancy, we hypothesize that the microgranular promyelocytes may be more deformable than the typical promyelocyte and that this intrinsic cellular characteristic may promote marrow egress and increase the likelihood of hyperleukocytosis in the M-3 variant."
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"Q:\n\nusing Python in vs code cannot print to terminal while the code is running\n\nI am sure this used to work a few days ago and I don't think I have changed anything, in fact I just uninstalled anaconda and vscode and reinstalled it all to see if that worked but did not help.",
"\nBut the terminal only prints at the end never as the code runs\neg if I run this \nimport time\n\nwhile True:\n time.sleep(.5)\n print('true')\n\nnothing happens.",
"\nIf I run this\nimport time\n\ntime.sleep(.5)\nprint('true')\ntime.sleep(.5)\nprint('true')\ntime.sleep(.5)\nprint('true')\n\nNothing is printed for 1.5 seconds then it all comes at one go\nif I highlight the code and shift-return it runs as expected in the side bar Jupyter Server thing. ",
"I am lost\nanyway thanks for any help you can give!",
"\nOK sorry I just noticed something else\nWindows PowerShell\nCopyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. ",
"All rights reserved. ",
" \nTry the new cross-platform PowerShell https://aka.ms/pscore6\n\n. : ",
"File C:\\Users\\Jasper\\Documents\\WindowsPowerShell\\profile.ps1 cannot b\ninformation, see about_Execution_Policies at https:/go.microsoft.com/fwli\nAt line:1 char:3\n+ . '",
"C:\\Users\\Jasper\\Documents\\WindowsPowerShell\\profile.ps1'\n+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\n + CategoryInfo : SecurityError: (:) [], PSSecurityException\n + FullyQualifiedErrorId : UnauthorizedAccess\n+ conda activate base\n+ ~~~~~\n + CategoryInfo : ObjectNotFound: (conda:String) [], CommandNotFoundExceptioneption\n + FullyQualifiedErrorId : CommandNotFoundException\n\nthis is printed out when I run anything. ",
"I am not sure if it was there before, it seems like something is not correct, but not sure what. ",
"\n\nA:\n\nThis was an issue due to the use of conda run in the Python extension. ",
"This has been reverted in the latest point release so things should work now.",
"\n\n"
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"Q:\n\nProofs regarding measure of intersection of sets\n\nLet $(X,\\mathcal{A},\\mu)$ be a measure space, let $A_1,A_2,A_3,\\ldots\\in \\mathcal{A}$, and let\n$\\sum_{j=1}^{\\infty}\\mu(A_j)<\\infty$.\nThe task is to prove the following:\n1) $\\lim_{n\\rightarrow \\infty} \\mu \\Big( \\bigcap_{j=1}^n A_j \\Big)=0$\nand\n2) $\\mu \\Big( \\bigcap_{j=1}^\\infty A_j \\Big)=0$\nI don't see a fundamental difference between these two and I'm wondering if that means I've misunderstood something.",
"\nMy approach, in both cases, would be to argue that since the intersection is between an infinite amount (or approaching an infinite amount) of sets in the sigma algebra, that must mean that at some point a set will meet its complement, and therefore the intersection must be the empty set whose measure is 0.",
"\nIs this the right way to go about it? ",
"Or have I missed something? ",
"In what ways, if any, should the proofs differ?",
"\nThanks in advance!",
"\nedit: I would be very grateful if your answers would contain explanations to why my initial approach can/can't be done, and not merely proofs of the above\n\nA:\n\n1). ",
"Since $\\sum_{j=1}^{\\infty}\\mu(A_j)<\\infty$ and $\\mu(A_j)\\geqslant0$, we have\n$$\n\\lim_{n\\to\\infty} \\mu(A_n)=0\\quad\\text{and }\\quad \\bigcap_{j=1}^n A_j \\subset A_n\n$$\nThus\n$$\n0\\leqslant\\lim_{n\\to\\infty} \\mu \\Big( \\bigcap_{j=1}^n A_j \\Big)\\leqslant\\lim_{n\\to\\infty} \\mu(A_n)=0\n$$\nwhich means \n$$\n\\lim_{n\\to\\infty} \\mu \\Big( \\bigcap_{j=1}^n A_j \\Big)=0\n$$\n2). ",
"Since for any $n$\n$$\n\\bigcap_{j=1}^\\infty A_j \\subset \\bigcap_{j=1}^nA_j \n$$\nThus\n$$\n0\\leqslant\\mu \\Big( \\bigcap_{j=1}^{\\infty} A_j \\Big)\\leqslant\\lim_{n\\to\\infty} \\mu(A_n)=0\n$$\nwhich means \n$$\n\\mu \\Big( \\bigcap_{j=1}^{\\infty} A_j \\Big)=0\n$$\nEdit:\nThe infinite intersection of sets does not mean that at some point a set will meet its complement, and therefore the intersection must be the empty set whose measure is $0$. In this case, $\\bigcap_{j=1}^{\\infty} A_j $ may not be empty set but has measure $0$, which is known as null set. ",
"\n\n"
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"The U.S. Capitol is seen in early morning light in Washington, Tuesday, Dec. 31, 2013. ",
"A two-year, $60 million renovation of the U.S. Capitol dome has begun inside the dome, with exterior scaffolding expected in the spring of 2014. (",
"AP Photo/Jacquelyn Martin)\n\nThe U.S. Senate could soon force its members to electronically file their campaign finance reports, but most senators remain unwilling to instantly disclose their political dollars, according to a Center for Public Integrity review of Federal Election Commission filings.",
"\n\nOnly 21 senators — a bipartisan group that ranges from Sen. Thad Cochran, R-Miss., to Sen. Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass. — voluntarily e-filed unofficial copies of their second-quarter campaign finance reports to the FEC by Tuesday's deadline. ",
"The reports covered funds raised and spent between April 1 and June 30.",
"\n\nUnlike presidential hopefuls, U.S. House candidates and political groups, Senate candidates file campaign finance reports on paper with the Secretary of the Senate. ",
"That office, in turn, scans them and forwards them to the FEC, which then pays a private contractor to manually input data the reports contain.",
"\n\nThe process costs taxpayers about $500,000 each year, according to the Congressional Budget Office. ",
"The most reliable way to immediately view the senators' reports upon their filing? ",
"Physically view paper copies at the U.S. Capitol.",
"\n\nSen. Jon Tester, D-Mont., has sponsored bipartisan legislation that would change that.",
"\n\nAnd in June, Tester's bill — known as the Senate Campaign Disclosure Parity Act — was incorporated into an appropriations bill, which was favorably reported out of committee, as the watchdog organization Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington previously noted.",
"\n\nTester spokeswoman Marnee Banks said she was \"hopeful\" that the disclosure language would remain part of the appropriations bill as it moves forward.",
"\n\n\"Sen. Tester sees the appropriations process as a way to move a bill that increases transparency, brings the Senate into the 21st century and saves taxpayers' money,\" Banks added.",
"\n\nA floor vote on the appropriations legislation has not yet been scheduled.",
"\n\nIn addition to Tester, Cochran and Warren, senators who e-filed their second quarter reports include:\n\nMark Begich, D-Alaska\n\nBarbara Boxer, D-Calif.\n\nJohn Cornyn, R-Texas\n\nJoe Donnelly, D-Ind.\n\nDianne Feinstein, D-Calif.\n\nAl Franken, D-Minn.\n\nKirsten Gillibrand, D-N.Y.\n\nMartin Heinrich, D-N.M.\n\nTim Johnson, D-S.D.\n\nAngus King, I-Maine\n\nPatrick Leahy, D-Vt.",
"\n\nClaire McCaskill, D-Mo.\n\nJack Reed, D-R.I.\n\nBernie Sanders, I-Vt.",
"\n\nChuck Schumer, D-N.Y.\n\nJohn Walsh, D-Mont.\n\nSheldon Whitehouse, D-R.I\n\nRon Wyden, D-Ore.\n\nWhile this bloc of e-filing senators represents only about one-fifth of the Senate, its membership has more than doubled in size from mid-2011, when only nine senators electronically filed copies of their campaign finance reports.",
"\n\nMore stories in the Primary Source blog from the Center for Public Integrity.",
"\n\nThis story was originally published by The Center for Public Integrity, which is a nonprofit, nonpartisan investigative news organization in Washington, D.C.\n\n'})(); //]]> }catch(e){}"
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"Q:\n\nArray.",
"ForEach cannot infer array element type from usage\n\npublic class MyType\n{\n public int SomeProperty { get; set; }\n}\n\npublic class CustomArray\n{\n public MyType this[int index]\n {\n //some code\n }\n}\n\nvar intList = new List<int>();\nvar arr = new CustomArray();\nArray.",
"ForEach(arr, x => intList.",
"Add(x.",
"MyProperty));\n\nThis will not compile saying:\n\nThe type arguments for method void System.",
"Array.",
"ForEach(T[],\n Action) cannot be inferred from the usage.",
"\n\nHow can that be?",
"\n\nA:\n\nThe CustomArray type is not an array, it's a custom type with an indexed property.",
"\nThe ForEach<T> method expects an array with elements of type T, and it didn't get one.",
"\nJust because you can use the same operator ([]) on both and array and an indexed property, does not mean they are the same thing. ",
"For example, arrays are sequential by nature, meaning that if a[0] and a[2] exist, that implies the existence of a[1]. ",
"Indexed properties, on the other hand, are more like methods that get a parameter, and they are free to do with it whatever they want.",
"\n\nIf you want to declare an array of MyType objects, you do not need to do any special declarations, you can just do:\nvar arr = new MyType[10];\n\nand now you have an array that can house 10 MyType objects. ",
"Initially the values in any of the array's slots is null (assuming MyType is a class).",
"\nAlso I would steer clear of the Array.",
"ForEach method, I'd prefer using a simple for or foreach loop, or maybe, in this particular case, the List.",
"AddRange method:\nintList.",
"AddRange(arr.",
"Select(x=> x.MyProperty));\n\n"
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"#region License\n/*\n * ResponseStream.cs\n *\n * This code is derived from ResponseStream.cs (System.",
"Net) of Mono\n * (http://www.mono-project.com).",
"\n *\n * The MIT License\n *\n * Copyright (c) 2005 Novell, Inc. (http://www.novell.com)\n * Copyright (c) 2012-2020 sta.blockhead\n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to deal\n * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights\n * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell\n * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.",
"\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. ",
"IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,\n * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN\n * THE SOFTWARE.",
"\n */\n#endregion\n\n#region Authors\n/*\n * Authors:\n * - Gonzalo Paniagua Javier <gonzalo@novell.com>\n */\n#endregion\n\nusing System;\nusing System.",
"IO;\nusing System.",
"Text;\n\nnamespace WebSocketSharp.",
"Net\n{\n internal class ResponseStream : Stream\n {\n #region Private Fields\n\n private MemoryStream _bodyBuffer;\n private static readonly byte[] _crlf;\n private bool _disposed;\n private Stream _innerStream;\n private static readonly byte[] _lastChunk;\n private static readonly int _maxHeadersLength;\n private HttpListenerResponse _response;\n private bool _sendChunked;\n private Action<byte[], int, int> _write;\n private Action<byte[], int, int> _writeBody;\n private Action<byte[], int, int> _writeChunked;\n\n #endregion\n\n #region Static Constructor\n\n static ResponseStream ()\n {\n _crlf = new byte[] { 13, 10 }; // \"\\r\\n\"\n _lastChunk = new byte[] { 48, 13, 10, 13, 10 }; // \"0\\r\\n\\r\\n\"\n _maxHeadersLength = 32768;\n }\n\n #endregion\n\n #region Internal Constructors\n\n internal ResponseStream (\n Stream innerStream,\n HttpListenerResponse response,\n bool ignoreWriteExceptions\n )\n {\n _innerStream = innerStream;\n _response = response;\n\n if (ignoreWriteExceptions) {\n _write = writeWithoutThrowingException;\n _writeChunked = writeChunkedWithoutThrowingException;\n }\n else {\n _write = innerStream.",
"Write;\n _writeChunked = writeChunked;\n }\n\n _bodyBuffer = new MemoryStream ();\n }\n\n #endregion\n\n #region Public Properties\n\n public override bool CanRead {\n get {\n return false;\n }\n }\n\n public override bool CanSeek {\n get {\n return false;\n }\n }\n\n public override bool CanWrite {\n get {\n return !_",
"disposed;\n }\n }\n\n public override long Length {\n get {\n throw new NotSupportedException ();\n }\n }\n\n public override long Position {\n get {\n throw new NotSupportedException ();\n }\n\n set {\n throw new NotSupportedException ();\n }\n }\n\n #endregion\n\n #region Private Methods\n\n private bool flush (bool closing)\n {\n if (!_",
"response.",
"HeadersSent) {\n if (!",
"flushHeaders ())\n return false;\n\n _response.",
"HeadersSent = true;\n\n _sendChunked = _response.",
"SendChunked;\n _writeBody = _sendChunked ? _",
"writeChunked : _write;\n }\n\n flushBody (closing);\n\n return true;\n }\n\n private void flushBody (bool closing)\n {\n using (_bodyBuffer) {\n var len = _bodyBuffer.",
"Length;\n\n if (len > Int32.MaxValue) {\n _bodyBuffer.",
"Position = 0;\n\n var buffLen = 1024;\n var buff = new byte[buffLen];\n var nread = 0;\n\n while (true) {\n nread = _bodyBuffer.",
"Read (buff, 0, buffLen);\n\n if (nread <= 0)\n break;\n\n _writeBody (buff, 0, nread);\n }\n }\n else if (len > 0) {\n _writeBody (_bodyBuffer.",
"GetBuffer (), 0, (int) len);\n }\n }\n\n if (!",
"closing) {\n _bodyBuffer = new MemoryStream ();\n return;\n }\n\n if (_sendChunked)\n _write (_lastChunk, 0, 5);\n\n _bodyBuffer = null;\n }\n\n private bool flushHeaders ()\n {\n if (!_",
"response.",
"SendChunked) {\n if (_response.",
"ContentLength64 !",
"= _bodyBuffer.",
"Length)\n return false;\n }\n\n var statusLine = _response.",
"StatusLine;\n var headers = _response.",
"FullHeaders;\n\n var buff = new MemoryStream ();\n var enc = Encoding.",
"UTF8;\n\n using (var writer = new StreamWriter (buff, enc, 256)) {\n writer.",
"Write (statusLine);\n writer.",
"Write (headers.",
"ToStringMultiValue (true));\n writer.",
"Flush ();\n\n var start = enc.",
"GetPreamble ().Length;\n var len = buff.",
"Length - start;\n\n if (len > _maxHeadersLength)\n return false;\n\n _write (buff.",
"GetBuffer (), start, (int) len);\n }\n\n _response.",
"CloseConnection = headers[\"Connection\"] == \"close\";\n\n return true;\n }\n\n private static byte[] getChunkSizeBytes (int size)\n {\n var chunkSize = String.",
"Format (\"{0:x}\\r\\n\", size);\n\n return Encoding.",
"ASCII.GetBytes (chunkSize);\n }\n\n private void writeChunked (byte[] buffer, int offset, int count)\n {\n var size = getChunkSizeBytes (count);\n\n _innerStream.",
"Write (size, 0, size.",
"Length);\n _innerStream.",
"Write (buffer, offset, count);\n _innerStream.",
"Write (_crlf, 0, 2);\n }\n\n private void writeChunkedWithoutThrowingException (\n byte[] buffer, int offset, int count\n )\n {\n try {\n writeChunked (buffer, offset, count);\n }\n catch {\n }\n }\n\n private void writeWithoutThrowingException (\n byte[] buffer, int offset, int count\n )\n {\n try {\n _innerStream.",
"Write (buffer, offset, count);\n }\n catch {\n }\n }\n\n #endregion\n\n #region Internal Methods\n\n internal void Close (bool force)\n {\n if (_disposed)\n return;\n\n _disposed = true;\n\n if (!",
"force) {\n if (flush (true)) {\n _response.",
"Close ();\n\n _response = null;\n _innerStream = null;\n\n return;\n }\n\n _response.",
"CloseConnection = true;\n }\n\n if (_sendChunked)\n _write (_lastChunk, 0, 5);\n\n _bodyBuffer.",
"Dispose ();\n _response.",
"Abort ();\n\n _bodyBuffer = null;\n _response = null;\n _innerStream = null;\n }\n\n internal void InternalWrite (byte[] buffer, int offset, int count)\n {\n _write (buffer, offset, count);\n }\n\n #endregion\n\n #region Public Methods\n\n public override IAsyncResult BeginRead (\n byte[] buffer,\n int offset,\n int count,\n AsyncCallback callback,\n object state\n )\n {\n throw new NotSupportedException ();\n }\n\n public override IAsyncResult BeginWrite (\n byte[] buffer,\n int offset,\n int count,\n AsyncCallback callback,\n object state\n )\n {\n if (_disposed) {\n var name = GetType ().ToString ();\n\n throw new ObjectDisposedException (name);\n }\n\n return _bodyBuffer.",
"BeginWrite (buffer, offset, count, callback, state);\n }\n\n public override void Close ()\n {\n Close (false);\n }\n\n protected override void Dispose (bool disposing)\n {\n Close (!",
"disposing);\n }\n\n public override int EndRead (IAsyncResult asyncResult)\n {\n throw new NotSupportedException ();\n }\n\n public override void EndWrite (IAsyncResult asyncResult)\n {\n if (_disposed) {\n var name = GetType ().ToString ();\n\n throw new ObjectDisposedException (name);\n }\n\n _bodyBuffer.",
"EndWrite (asyncResult);\n }\n\n public override void Flush ()\n {\n if (_disposed)\n return;\n\n var sendChunked = _sendChunked || _response.",
"SendChunked;\n\n if (!",
"sendChunked)\n return;\n\n flush (false);\n }\n\n public override int Read (byte[] buffer, int offset, int count)\n {\n throw new NotSupportedException ();\n }\n\n public override long Seek (long offset, SeekOrigin origin)\n {\n throw new NotSupportedException ();\n }\n\n public override void SetLength (long value)\n {\n throw new NotSupportedException ();\n }\n\n public override void Write (byte[] buffer, int offset, int count)\n {\n if (_disposed) {\n var name = GetType ().ToString ();\n\n throw new ObjectDisposedException (name);\n }\n\n _bodyBuffer.",
"Write (buffer, offset, count);\n }\n\n #endregion\n }\n}\n"
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"[Suspected malignant cancer of the pancreas associated with pseudo-invasive duodenal hamartomas in a patient with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome].",
"\nA 29-year-old man with a previously known Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) was admitted for epigastric pain, emesis and weight loss due to both intestinal intussusception causing bowel obstruction and obstructive pancreatitis. ",
"The patient had cholestasis with an enlarged common bile duct on imaging. ",
"Because duodenal and/or pancreatic cancer was suspected due to weight loss, the pancreatic and bile duct obstruction, and the increased risk of small intestine and pancreatic adenocarcinoma in patients with PSJ, a pancreatoduodenectomy was performed. ",
"Pathological examination revealed a duodenal polyp with epithelial misplacement invading the ampulla and compressing the main bile duct. ",
"Twenty months after surgery, there was no relapse of symptoms or cholestasis. ",
"This is the first case showing a direct role of pseudo-invasive duodenal harmatomas in the development of biliary obstruction and chronic obstructive pancreatitis."
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"\n\nMaking Google Analytics even speedier (bye bye Flash, welcome SVG) - wslh\nhttp://analytics.blogspot.com/2012/02/making-google-analytics-even-speedier.html\n\n======\nwslh\nI just received an update on my GA and after inspecting the new graph elements\nI found SVG instead of Flash.",
"\n\n"
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"Turkish forces and Syrian rebel allies have committed “war crimes” including summary executions during their offensive in northeast Syria, Amnesty International said Friday.",
"\n\nAmnesty accused Ankara’s forces of “serious violations and war crimes, summary killings and unlawful attacks” in the operation launched on October 9.",
"\n\nThere was no immediate response from Ankara, which announced a suspension of the attacks late Thursday, but it says all possible measures have been taken to avoid civilian casualties.",
"\n\nAnkara’s operation aims to remove the Kurdish People’s Protection Units (YPG), which is a key part of the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), from areas near its border in northern Syria. ",
"The SDF was a key US ally in the fight against ISIS.",
"\n\nThe offensive has killed at least 72 civilians, according to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights.",
"\n\n“Turkish military forces and a coalition of Turkey-backed Syrian armed groups have displayed a shameful disregard for civilian life,” Amnesty said.",
"\n\nThe charges were based on the testimony of 17 people including medical, aid and rescue workers, journalists and displaced people, as well as video footage, it said.",
"\n\n“The information gathered provides damning evidence of indiscriminate attacks in residential areas, including attacks on a home, a bakery and a school, carried out by Turkey and allied Syrian armed groups,” Amnesty said.",
"\n\nKumi Naidoo, the organization’s secretary general, said Turkish forces and their allies had “displayed an utterly callous disregard for civilian lives”.",
"\n\nThe report included testimony of a Kurdish Red Crescent worker who said he removed bodies from the wreckage of a Turkish air strike near a school in Salhiye on October 12.",
"\n\n“I couldn’t tell if they were boys or girls because their corpses were black. ",
"They looked like charcoal,” the rescue worker was quoted as saying.",
"\n\nIt also said Kurdish female politician Hevrin Khalaf and her bodyguard were summarily executed by members of the Syrian National Army, a Turkish-funded and -trained group.",
"\n\nAt least two more executions of Kurdish fighters were confirmed, while Turkey’s Syrian allies had kidnapped two employees of a local medical organization, Amnesty said.",
"\n\nLast Update: Wednesday, 20 May 2020 KSA 09:54 - GMT 06:54"
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[
"1. ",
"Introduction {#sec1}\n===============\n\nChronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a Clonal Myeloproliferative expansion of transformed, primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells \\[[@B1]\\].",
"\n\nThe Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome is the hallmark of CML and the most frequent cytogenetic abnormality known in human leukemia\\'s and can be detected in more than 95% of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) \\[[@B2]\\], in a range of 20% to 40% of adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 2% to 5% of children with ALL, and in rare cases of acute myelogenous leukemia \\[[@B3]--[@B5]\\].",
"\n\nThe Ph chromosome is a shortened chromosome 22 resulting from a reciprocal translocation, t (9; 22)-(q34; q11), between the long arms of chromosomes 9 and 22 \\[[@B6]\\].",
"\n\nThe cytogenetic lesion in Ph(+) CML and Ph(+) ALL has been shown to differ at the molecular level. ",
"In CML, the translocation is almost always associated with a breakpoint on Chromosome 22 that generally is known as the major breakpoint cluster region (M-BCR). ",
"This gives rise to a (P210) fusion protein in contrast to most cases of ALL which the break point is in the minor cluster region (m-BCR) and gives rise to (P190) fusion protein \\[[@B7]\\].",
"\n\nIn pediatric Ph(+) ALL, nearly 90% of cases have the (p190) variant,but in adult ALL approximately 25% to 50% of cases have (p210) variant \\[[@B8]\\].",
"\n\nThis specific chromosome translocation t (9; 22) (q34; q11), molecularly, generates the *BCR-ABL* fusion gene encoding a BCR-ABL protein with constitutively enhanced tyrosine kinase activity. ",
"The activated BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase has been shown to be a key factor in leukemic transformation in patients as in animal model or *in vitro* reviewed in Faderl et al. ",
"\\[[@B9]\\].",
"\n\n2. ",
"Case Report {#sec2}\n==============\n\nA 12-year-old girl with a history of fever, fatigue, and pancytopenia had been referred to Ali Asghar\\'s Children Hospital from a clinic in Varamin (Tehran\\'s suburb) on September 2003.",
"\n\nShe had been admitted in infectious disease ward for workup of fever, pancytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, and inguinal and cervical lymphadenopathy. ",
"The results of first CBC taken in Ali Asghar\\'s laboratory were as follows.",
"\n\nWBC: 1∗10^3^/*μ*L, RBC: 3.33 mil/uL, Hemoglobin: 8.7 g/dL, Platelet count: 54∗10^3^/*μ*L, Hematocrit: 20.1%, M.C.V: 78.9 fL, M.C.H: 26.3 pg, M.C.H.C: 33.6 g/dL.\n\nShe had been taking antibiotic, and the bacterial culture results were all negative at the time of admission. ",
"Upon consultation with hematology oncology ward, a Bone Marrow aspiration (BM) had been scheduled, and on microscopic evaluation a hypercellular BM with complete replacement by immature lymphocytes resembling L1-FAB subtype with negative myeloperoxidase cytochemistry were observed.",
"\n\nBone Marrow samples had been sent to cytogenetic laboratory for karyotyping and molecular diagnosis of BCR-ABL fusion gene, and the results had been normal karyotype and negative for BCR-ABL (p210) and (p190) fusion gene.",
"\n\nA sample had also been sent to Iranian blood transfusion laboratory for Immunophenotyping and the results were as follows:\n\nCD10^+^, CD19^+^, CD20^+^, HLA DR^+^ CD13^−^, and CD33^−^ and the interpretation were consistent with a pre-B-ALL. ",
"After diagnosis on April 2003, the patient had been treated according to the children ALL-BFM conventional protocol (without high dose methotrexate) with prophylactic cranial irradiation (1800 Rad). ",
"She had a good response to prednisolone and on day 28 BM aspiration had been consistent with hematological remission (\\<5% blasts), and the results of immunophenotyping had been normal. ",
"She had no serious complication during and in between chemotherapy cycles except for few leukopenic episodes that were corrected by G-CSF therapy.",
"\n\nShe had completed the whole protocol on January 2007 with BM at complete remission, normal CSF, normal Immunophenotyping, and normal uterus and ovaries sonographies. ",
"CBC results at completion of treatment were as follows.",
"\n\nWBC: 5.7∗10^3^/*μ*L, RBC: 3.47 mil/uL, Hemoglobin: 11.6 g/dL, Platelet count: 4∗10^3^/*μ*L, Neutrophile: 67%, lymphocyte: 30%, Monocyte: 3%.",
"\n\nShe stayed 3 years out of treatment and at complete remission and had regular visits, and on August 2008 she came for regular checkups and the results of her CBC were as follows.",
"\n\nWBC: 69.9∗10^3^/*μ*L, 3.79 mil/uL, Hemoglobin: 11.3 g/dL, Hematocrit: 33.6%, M.C.V: 88.7 fL, M.C.H: 29.8 Pg, M.C.H.C: 33.6 g/dL, Platelet count: 136∗10^3^/*μ*L, Neutrophile: 60%, Eosinophile: 3%, promyelocyte: 2%, Band: 20%.",
"\n\nOn physical examination a mild to moderate splenomegaly had been noticed, and she had been put on antibiotic in case of underlying infection, and bone marrow samples had been taken for cytogenetic, molecular and immunophenotyping evaluations and another CBC sample had been also taken on October 2008 and the results were as follows.",
"\n\nWBC: 82.6∗10^3^/*μ*L, RBC: 366 mil/uL, Hemoglobin: 10.9 g/dL, Hematocrit: 32.4%, M.C.V: 88.5 fL, M.C.H: 29.8 Pg, M.C.H.C: 33.6 g/dL, Platelet count: 152∗10^3^/*μ*L, Neutrophile: 51%, Eosinophile: 2%, Lymphocyte: 16%, Band: 27%, Promyelocyte: 1%, Myelocyte: 2%.",
"\n\nThe results of molecular evaluation of BM aspirate had been reported negative for t (4, 11), t (1, 19), and t (12, 21) and negative for BCR-ABL (P190) fusion gene and positive for BCR-ABL (P210) fusion gene (TaqMan Technology), and cytogenetic results were positive for Ph-chromosome or t (9; 22).",
"\n\nShe had been put on imatinib mesylate (Gleevec formerly ST-1571), and there had been a good hematologic and molecular response, and white blood cell count decreased from 76700/uL on April 2008 to 2400/uL on October 2008, and the BCR-ABL fusion gene decreased from 11700 cpn on May 2008 to undetectable on July 2010. ",
"On her last visit on April 2011, she had been under good control no organomegaly, stable condition and still receiving Gleevec, and her CBC results were as follows.",
"\n\nWBC: 4.9∗10^3^/*μ*L, RBC: 3.38 mil/uL, Hemoglobin: 10.4 g/dL, Hematocrit: 31.7%, M.C.V: 93.8 fL, M.C.H.C: 32.8 g/dL, Platelet count: 172∗10^3^/*μ*L, Neutrophile: 63%, Eosinophile 1%, lymphocyte: 33.2, Monocyte: 3%.",
"\n\nAccording to the CBC results, the patient had been in complete hematologic remission and on molecular evaluation of BCR-ABL fusion gene; the patient had also been in complete molecular response (CMR) status ([Table 1](#tab1){ref-type=\"table\"}).",
"\n\n3. ",
"Discussion {#sec3}\n=============\n\nWe describe here a girl with negative Ph(−) pre-B-ALL diagnosed with Ph(+) CML 3 years after completion of therapy and disease-free survival.",
"\n\nThe main question in this case is whether her leukemia had been secondary to the treatment received or had been actually a relapse of primary leukemia, but since the primary pre-B-ALL in this patient had been Ph(−) the developing CML could be a secondary leukemia most probably a consequence of prior treatment or other environmental exposures that eventually evolved to Ph(+) CML.",
"\n\nSecond primary cancers represent an important complication of modern chemotherapy and radiotherapy. ",
"Therapy-related (tr) leukemias are among the most common second malignancies in both pediatric and adult populations. ",
"Whereas a reasonable amount of data is available regarding the epidemiology, molecular pathogenesis, clinical behavior and response to therapy of second primary acute leukemia, very little is known about therapy-related chronic myeloid leukemia (tr-CML).",
"\n\nA better characterization of this entity could increase our understanding about the mechanisms of carcinogenesis, specially the induction of specific genetic abnormalities, for example, BCR-ABL fusion, following chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy exposure, could facilitate the investigation of the kinetics of the development of CML and also provide a model to study molecular events that might precede its development.",
"\n\nThe cancer-predisposing syndromes, the detection of BCR-ABL transcripts in healthy individuals, and the *in vitro* induction of BCR-ABL fusions by ionizing radiation are all discussed in the context of tr-CML. ",
"Finally, the need for a large epidemiological study to specifically assess the risk of developing second primary CML after chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy is stressed.",
"\n\nAnother question that might still be in our mind is that, whether the results of Philadelphia chromosome cytogenetic analysis and molecular diagnosis of BCR-ABL had been underestimated due to technical defect at diagnosis and patient was actually Ph(+) ALL and had been misdiagnosed at first, but from the fact that Ph(+) ALL patients have a poor prognosis and the 5-year event-free survival (EFS) ranges from 10% to 20%, in Ph(+), versus 76% in the Ph(−) population and recurrent disease in these patients is mainly due to failure of treatment, and the poor prognosis persists even after stratification in a high-risk treatment protocol \\[[@B7]\\]. ",
"In our case due to the good response to prednisolone and being on conventional BFM protocol and completing the protocol without any complications and 3 years of disease free survival actually confirms Ph(−) ALL with a favorable prognosis.",
"\n\n4. ",
"Conclusion {#sec4}\n=============\n\nThis case may be the first case ever reported with such a unique presentation, which indicates strongly the need for long-term followup of patients, and, due to a history of Ph(−) pre-B-ALL and by the fact that CML is a molecular disease, to wait and watch, whether the natural history of CML molecular behavior is changed by the time and whether in this case whose patient had been taking imatinib (BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor) since CML diagnosis, the appearance and persistence of cytogenetically abnormal Ph(−) clone arising in the context of imatinib-induced major molecular response is sustained or there might be some clonal progression and imatinib resistance in the future.",
"\n\nAnother important point in this case is to follow up patient in the future and to see whether depletion of Ph(+) stem cells make hematopoesis dependent on Ph(−) stem cells, in theory nonmalignant, and eventually clonal changes of the MDS type or of acute leukemia may appear which may be representative of a preleukemic stage of Ph(−) CML with some level of genetic instability.",
"\n\n###### \n\nPresence of BCR-ABL transcript in sequential Bone Marrow samples.",
"\n\n Date Status of the disease BCR-ABL copy number\n --------------- ----------------------- ---------------------\n November 2008 CP 11700\n August 2009 CHR 30\n February 2010 MMR 3\n July 2010 CMR UN detectable\n\nCP: chronicphase, (CHR): complete hematology remission, MMR: major molecular response, CMR: complete molecular response.",
"\n\n[^1]: Academic Editors: S. Aref and M.-C. Kyrtsonis\n"
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"Thomas Kinkade Illustrates Majestic Pictures from Childhood Favorites\n\nPrepare to experience the overwhelming sense of awe you felt when you first watched iconic Disney films once more as you gaze upon these Thomas Kinkade illustrations. ",
"Rendering majestic scenes that encompass nearly all the narrative backdrops and elements of movies like Beauty and the Beast, The Little Mermaid, Snow White, Cinderella, Sleeping Beauty, Lion King and more, Kinkade’s work is visual magic. ",
"It’s simply remarkable how ambitious each picture is in scope and even more impressive that Kinkade’s flawless technical skills manage to convey such extraordinary scenes."
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"// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. ",
"All rights reserved.",
"\n// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style\n// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.",
"\n\n// +build windows\n\n// Package windows contains an interface to the low-level operating system\n// primitives. ",
"OS details vary depending on the underlying system, and\n// by default, godoc will display the OS-specific documentation for the current\n// system. ",
"If you want godoc to display syscall documentation for another\n// system, set $GOOS and $GOARCH to the desired system. ",
"For example, if\n// you want to view documentation for freebsd/arm on linux/amd64, set $GOOS\n// to freebsd and $GOARCH to arm.",
"\n//\n// The primary use of this package is inside other packages that provide a more\n// portable interface to the system, such as \"os\", \"time\" and \"net\". ",
" Use\n// those packages rather than this one if you can.",
"\n//\n// For details of the functions and data types in this package consult\n// the manuals for the appropriate operating system.",
"\n//\n// These calls return err == nil to indicate success; otherwise\n// err represents an operating system error describing the failure and\n// holds a value of type syscall.",
"Errno.",
"\npackage windows // import \"golang.org/x/sys/windows\"\n\nimport (\n\t\"syscall\"\n)\n\n// ByteSliceFromString returns a NUL-terminated slice of bytes\n// containing the text of s. If s contains a NUL byte at any\n// location, it returns (nil, syscall.",
"EINVAL).",
"\nfunc ByteSliceFromString(s string) ([]byte, error) {\n\tfor i := 0; i < len(s); i++ {\n\t\tif s[i] == 0 {\n\t\t\treturn nil, syscall.",
"EINVAL\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\ta := make([]byte, len(s)+1)\n\tcopy(a, s)\n\treturn a, nil\n}\n\n// BytePtrFromString returns a pointer to a NUL-terminated array of\n// bytes containing the text of s. If s contains a NUL byte at any\n// location, it returns (nil, syscall.",
"EINVAL).",
"\nfunc BytePtrFromString(s string) (*byte, error) {\n\ta, err := ByteSliceFromString(s)\n\tif err !",
"= nil {\n\t\treturn nil, err\n\t}\n\treturn &a[0], nil\n}\n\n// Single-word zero for use when we need a valid pointer to 0 bytes.",
"\n// See mksyscall.pl.",
"\nvar _zero uintptr\n\nfunc (ts *Timespec) Unix() (sec int64, nsec int64) {\n\treturn int64(ts.",
"Sec), int64(ts.",
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"Sec), int64(tv.",
"Usec) * 1000\n}\n\nfunc (ts *Timespec) Nano() int64 {\n\treturn int64(ts.",
"Sec)*1e9 + int64(ts.",
"Nsec)\n}\n\nfunc (tv *Timeval) Nano() int64 {\n\treturn int64(tv.",
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[
"Here is SpacePolicyOnline.com’s list of space policy events for the week of April 28-May 4, 2019 and any insight we can offer about them. ",
"The House and Senate are in session this week. [",
"Updated to reflect a new agenda for the joint ASEB/SSB meeting on April 30.]",
"\n\nDuring the Week\n\nWill this be the week we get to see how much the Trump Administration thinks it will cost to get “the next man and the first woman” on the lunar surface by 2024? ",
"A revised NASA budget request has been anxiously awaited since Vice President Pence announced the Moon 2024 plan on March 26.",
"\n\nThat was just two weeks after the Administration submitted its original FY2020 request, which proposed cutting NASA’s budget by half a billion dollars and deferring work on the SLS Exploration Upper Stage and the 2nd Mobile Launcher. ",
"NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine since has said both are critical to landing on the Moon. ",
"Not to mention the money that will be needed for descent/ascent vehicles to ferry between the Gateway and the surface, and, importantly, lunar surface spacesuits, which hardly ever get mentioned. ",
"Bridenstine keeps pointing out the pitfalls in trying to pay for one program, like human spaceflight, by taking the money from others, like science, so coming up with a budget proposal that will win support not just this year but the next many years is no easy task.",
"\n\nMeanwhile, the congressional appropriations process moves on. ",
"The Senate Appropriations Commerce-Justice-Science (CJS) subcommittee, which funds NASA, will hold a hearing on the budget proposal — whichever one they have — on Wednesday afternoon. ",
"It will be webcast by the committee and broadcast on NASA TV. ",
"The House Appropriations Committee is beginning markups of its 12 appropriations bills. ",
"CJS is not one of the three it will take up this week, but May is typically the month when they act on their bills. ",
"So there is no time to waste in coming up with the new budget proposal, difficult though it may be.",
"\n\nBridenstine is the keynote speaker tomorrow (Monday) morning at the 6th IAA Planetary Defense Conference in College Park, MD. ",
"Perhaps he’ll say something about it there, though it is only related to the topic of the conference in the sense that the budget also funds NASA’s planetary defense program. ",
"Speakers from NASA and international space agencies will provide updates on their efforts to detect and track asteroids and comets — Near Earth Objects (NEOs) — that might pose a danger to Earth. ",
"They will also conduct a table-top exercise on how to cope with a hypothetical situation where a NEO might collide with Earth. ",
"The conference will be webcast and Bridenstine’s speech also will be broadcast on NASA TV. (",
"Your SpacePolicyOnline.com editor will be at a media workshop being held this afternoon in advance of the conference to get a preview and will report anything newsworthy.)",
"\n\nIf he doesn’t say anything about the budget there, he’ll have another chance tomorrow afternoon at a STEM event he is holding at NASA headquarters, or Tuesday morning when he speaks to a joint session of the Space Studies Board (SSB) and the Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board (ASEB) of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. ",
"The Boards are meeting this week in Washington, DC both separately and in a joint session on Tuesday. ",
"The Tuesday session offers a who’s who of the government’s national security, civil and commercial space sectors. ",
"In addition to Bridenstine, the speaker’s list includes Mike Griffin, Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering; Kelvin Droegemeier, Director of OSTP; Kevin O’Connell, Director of the Department of Commerce’s Office of Space Commerce; and Kelvin Coleman, Deputy Associate Administrator of the FAA’s Office of Commercial Space Transportation. ",
"UPDATE: An updated agenda no longer lists Griffin or Bridenstine as speakers. ",
"Ryan Whitley from the National Space Council has been added. ",
"Instructions to participate remotely are at the end of the new agenda.",
"\n\nThe head of NASA’s human exploration program, Bill Gesternmaier, is also on the SSB/ASEB agenda. ",
"It is noteworthy that the meeting of the NASA Advisory Council (NAC) committee that advises Gerstenmaier postponed its meeting that was scheduled for Tuesday-Wednesday. ",
"The notice in the Federal Register said it was “due to scheduling conflicts of the key participants.” ",
"It seems unlikely this is the scheduling conflict in question. ",
"One can imagine a number of issues he and others on the HEOMD team need to focus on right now like the SpaceX anomaly last week, the SpX-17 launch on Wednesday (rescheduled from Tuesday), or crafting a Moon 2024 plan that is achievable both technically and budgetarily. ",
"Or it could be something entirely different. ",
"In any case, it will be interesting to see if he is able to be at the SSB/ASEB meeting. ",
"UPDATE: The updated agenda still lists Gerstenmaier as speaking at 1:15 pm ET.",
"\n\nAs for NAC committees, three others will be meeting this week: Technology, Innovation and Engineering on Tuesday; Regulatory and Policy on Wednesday; and STEM Engagement on Thursday.",
"\n\nUp on Capitol Hill, in addition to the Senate Appropriations CJS hearing on Wednesday, there are three others of interest. ",
"Two also are on Wednesday. ",
"The Senate Intelligence Committee will hold a hearing on Chris Scolese’s nomination to be Director of the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO). ",
"Scolese is currently Director of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center and has had a long career at the agency, prior to which he was a Naval officer working in Rickover’s Naval Nuclear Reactor program. ",
"The House Appropriations Committee’s Defense Subcommittee will hold a hearing that day on DOD’s FY2020 budget request, with Acting Secretary of Defense Patrick Shanahan and others. ",
"On Tuesday, the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee’s Environment Subcommittee will hold a hearing on NOAA’s FY2020 budget request.",
"\n\nAlso this week the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) will hold the first of several events to highlight the upcoming International Astronautical Congress (IAC) that will be held in Washington, D.C. in October. ",
"The IAC is held in different locations around the world every year, but the United States especially wanted the 2019 event to be here since it is the 50th anniversary of the Apollo 11 landing. ",
"AIAA is holding a kick-off reception on Tuesday on Capitol Hill to get the word out.",
"\n\nThose and other events we know about as of Sunday morning are shown below. ",
"Check back throughout the week for others we learn about later and add to our Calendar.",
"\n\nMonday, April 29\n\nMonday-Friday, April 29-May 3\n\nIAA 6th Planetary Defense Conference, The Hotel at College Park, College Park, MD (livestream) Monday, April 29, NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine, 9:20 am ET (livestream and NASA TV) Wednesday, May 1, NASA Chief Scientist Jim Green and Planetary Society CEO Bill Nye, 7:00 pm ET (livestream)\n\n\n\nMonday-Wednesday, April 29-May 1\n\nKalpana Chawla Annual Space Policy Dialogue, New Delhi, India\n\nTuesday April 30\n\nWednesday, May 1\n\nThursday, May 2\n\nNAC STEM Engagement Committee, virtual, 11:00 am – 3:30 pm ET\n\nFriday, May 3"
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[
"Imbalances:\n I would like us to continue to pursue Channel/ El Paso/ Tenngasco for our \npayback. ",
" They got our cashout number last week, where do they stand. ",
" \nAgain, I think Robert is an ally and I do not want to irritate him but \nthings will not get any better in the future. ",
" We need to resolve this \nimbalance. ",
" Can we net some of these contracts?",
"\nI like Mary Poorman's report; however I have questions:\n How can we miss black marlin so completely? ",
" do we agree with this imbalance?",
"\n Can we net all the Chevron and Dynegi contracts together for payback to \nKeith once we get the AR issue solved?",
"\n Where do we stand on the Columbia Energy resolution?",
"\n Where do we stand on the NGPL reconcilliation?",
"\n Duke Energy 206 is still a problem.",
"\n Do we need all these Amoco contracts they have 8, that seems like a large \nnumber to me, can we net some of them?",
"\n Are we charging enough for the swing we get at the paper plant on the Entex \ncontract?",
"\n Is there a way to keep Tejas in line at Southern Union this winter? ",
" That \nmeter will really swing then and I do not know how much line pack they have \nthe right to use.",
"\n Can we net the Corpus Christi gas marketing and all the Tejas/ Coral/Gulf \nEnergy/Shell imbalances down? ",
" How is the reconcillitation going?",
"\n Can we smash the Entex and the Reliant contracts together so we can get rid \nof some of these contracts? ",
" They have 9, that seems like a lot to me.",
"\n Gulfmark is gone down the road can we check with someone about this \ncontract, it seems like we should be able to net these volumes against some \nwhere we are owed?",
"\n Is this Lone Star 213 imbalance real, if so how do we resolve?",
"\n Where did the Exxon imbalance come from?",
"\n Do we need 5 Texaco transportation contracts, can we get rid of some?",
"\n Can we combine the Vastar and the Southern imbalances?",
"\n What is the Webb/Duval do, can we get rid of it, combine this with Midcon, \nhow old is this imbalnce?",
"\n\nMick update the compressor fuel on the P/L but the new numbers do not seem to \ntranslate up to the profit calculation? ",
" Can we do something about this?",
"\nI thought the imbalance report I got this Wed was pretty sad. ",
" Some of the \ncolumns did not add and there seemed to be a lot of missing information. ",
" Can \nwe resolve this?",
"\nI am concerned about our capacity positons in the future, we are going to \nhave to work on a better way to check our positions.",
"\nI had a meeting with Tom Shelton and our representative to the RRC, James \nMann, the RRC is concerned about this winter and they have asked us to \ncompile a list of customers we will cut based upon the priority we filed with \nthe RRC several years ago. ",
" Lauri will have a copy of the priority list. ",
" We \nneed to compile this list and get Tom and James comfortable with the \nprocess. ",
" The last thing we need is the RRC hammering on us, when can we get \nthis list? ",
" I think we should be able to get something out of the contract \nsystem. ",
" Jackie Morgan is who I would approach."
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[
"The mitochondrial network of human neutrophils: role in chemotaxis, phagocytosis, respiratory burst activation, and commitment to apoptosis.",
"\nIt is commonly assumed that human neutrophils possess few, if any, functional mitochondria and that they do not depend on these organelles for cell function. ",
"We have used the fluorescent mitochondrial indicators, JC-1, MitoTracker Red, and dihydrorhodamine 123 to show that live neutrophils possess a complex mitochondrial network that extends through the cytoplasm. ",
"The membrane potential of these mitochondria was rapidly (within 2 min) disrupted by the addition of FCCP (IC(50) = 20 nM), but not by the Fo-ATPase inhibitor, oligomycin (at up to 7 microg/ml). ",
"However, inhibition of mitochondrial function with both agents resulted in cell shape changes. ",
"Neither activation of the respiratory burst nor phagocytosis of either latex particles or serum-opsonized Staphylococcus aureus was affected by the addition of FCCP or oligomycin. ",
"However, FCCP inhibited chemotaxis at concentrations that paralleled disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential. ",
"Furthermore, prolonged (2-h) incubation with oligomycin resulted in an impaired ability to activate a respiratory burst and also inhibited chemotaxis. ",
"These observations indicate that intact mitochondrial function is required to sustain some neutrophil functions, but not for the rapid initiation of the respiratory burst or phagocytosis. ",
"Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential was a very early marker for commitment of neutrophils into apoptosis and preceded the appearance of phosphatidylserine on the cell surface. ",
"However, inhibition of mitochondrial function did not accelerate the rate of neutrophil apoptosis. ",
"These data shed important insights into the hitherto unrecognized importance of mitochondria in the function of neutrophils during infection and inflammation."
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[
"The Galaxy Note 9 release coincided with the launch of Bixby 2.0, the revamped version of Samsung’s personal Assistant. ",
"However, despite some significant improvements, some users are still pretty keen to disable the dedicated Bixby button on their new handset.",
"\n\nUnfortunately, while the Galaxy Note 8, S8 and S9 enabled users to disable or remap the Bixby button underneath the volume rocker, Samsung is yet to allow that on its latest flagship. ",
"However, Samsung says the solution is just around the corner. ",
"According to Samsung Germany’s Twitter account (via SamMobile) the functionality is set to return by the end of September.",
"\n\nThat news will be greeted positively by the Note 9 community, who’ve been accidentally triggering the Bixby assistant due to the sensitive physical keys.",
"\n\nRelated: Bixby 2.0\n\nIn his review of the Galaxy Note 9, Max Parker wrote: “My big issue with the design is the Bixby button. ",
"Sitting just below the volume key, the dedicated button for the Bixby assistant has been a constant on the past few Samsung flagships – and it remains a source of frustration right up to the point you disable Bixby completely.",
"\n\n“I’ve lost track of the number of times I’ve pulled the Note 9 out of a pocket, clearly hitting the button by mistake and therefore being taken straight to Bixby.”",
"\n\nDespite the annoyance provided by the dedicated button, the new version of Bixby improves upon its unloved predecessor with a number of new features. ",
"It’ll be boosted by faster response times, improved conversational skills and the ability to predict users’ needs.",
"\n\nBixby 2.0 is also more like Amazon’s Alexa and the Google Assistant in the ability to hold up its end of a conversation. ",
"For example, if you ask it for the lowdown on London concerts this weekend, you can follow up with “what about the first weekend in September?” ",
"without asking the original question all over again.",
"\n\nSamsung has also added third-party integration with services like Ticketmaster and Yelp, with more to follow.",
"\n\nHave you warmed to Bixby on the Note 9? ",
"Do you find the dedicated Bixby button annoying? ",
"Drop us a line @TrustedReviews on Twitter\n\nChris Smith is a freelance technology journalist for a host of UK tech publications, including Trusted Reviews. ",
"He's based in South Florida, USA. …"
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[
"Importance of suppression of Yb(3+) de-excitation to upconversion enhancement in β-NaYF4: Yb(3+)/Er(3+)@β-NaYF4 sandwiched structure nanocrystals.",
"\nNanosized Yb(3+) and Er(3+) co-doped β-NaYF4 cores coated with multiple β-NaYF4 shell layers were synthesized by a solvothermal process. ",
"X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the crystal structure and morphology of the materials. ",
"The visible and near-infrared spectra as well as the decay curves were also measured. ",
"A 40-fold intensity increase for the green upconversion and a 34-fold intensity increase for the red upconversion were observed as the cores are coated with three shell layers. ",
"The origin of the upconversion enhancement was studied on the basis of photoluminescence spectra and decay times. ",
"Our results indicate that the upconversion enhancement in the sandwiched structure mainly originates from the suppression of de-excitation of Yb(3+) ions. ",
"We also explored the population of the Er(3+4)F9/2 level. ",
"The results reveal that energy transfer from the lower intermediate Er(3+4)I13/2 level is dominant for populating the Er(3+4)F9/2 level when the nanocrystal size is relatively small; however, with increasing nanocrystal size, the contribution of the green emitting Er(3+4)S3/2 level for populating the Er(3+4)F9/2 level, which mainly comes from the cross relaxation energy transfer from Er(3+) ions to Yb(3+) ions followed by energy back transfer within the same Er(3+)-Yb(3+) pair, becomes more and more important. ",
"Moreover, this mechanism takes place only in the nearest Er(3+)-Yb(3+) pairs. ",
"This population route is in good agreement with that in nanomaterials and bulk materials."
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"Clomid clomid Clomid your doctor may prescribe \"metformin\" (brand names are \"Glucophage\" and \"Glucophage XR\") in addition to taking clomiphene. ",
"treatment has to be abandoned. ",
"Limit unhealthy activities such as nicotine, As with any medication, While this does not necessarily guarantee pregnancy, Catherine's TTC achievement with fertility drugs it is widely believed that Clomiphene, order clomid 100 mg to get high Within 9 cycles of beginning the drug approximately 70-75% of those women become pregnant. ",
"buy clomid prices\n\nwhere can i buy clomid and clomid pillsbuying clomid online where is it safeclomid cheap europehttp://buyrepaglinide1mgonlinesafely.lo.gscan you buy clomid online yahoo answersclomid achat pharmacieclomid online without doctor ordersorder clomid from canada onlinehttp://flavors.me/vstybc1clomid where to buy in new zealandclomid canada to purchasebest place buy generic clomid forumbuy clomid with mastercardcheap clomid and clomidcheap clomid buy online canada"
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